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  13  <h1>
  14      <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/">Petter Reinholdtsen</a>
  15
  16  </h1>
  17
  18 </div>
  19
  20
  21
  22     <div class="entry">
  23       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/_kt_overv_kning_applauderes_igjen_av_Arbeiderpartiet__H_yre_og_Fremskrittspartiet.html">Økt overvåkning applauderes igjen av Arbeiderpartiet, Høyre og Fremskrittspartiet</a></div>
  24       <div class="date"> 4th February 2013</div>
  25       <div class="body"><p>Jeg ser med gru at Arbeiderpartiet, Høyre og Fremskrittspartiet
  26 <a href="http://www.aftenposten.no/nyheter/iriks/Positive-til-mer-smuglerovervaking-7110348.html">applauderer
  27 tollvesenets forslag</a> om å øke overvåkningen i Norge nok et hakk.
  28 Det er ikke så rart, da de som uttaler seg jo også har støttet
  29 innføringen av datalagringsdirektivet eller i hvert fall ikke veldig
  30 aktivt har motarbeidet det.  Innføringen av datalagringsdirektivet er
  31 en lovendring som innebærer brev og besøkskontroll for hele
  32 befolkningen.</p>
  33
  34 <p><a href="http://www.stortinget.no/no/Saker-og-publikasjoner/Saker/Sak/?p=48717">Datalagringsdirektivet</a>
  35 har vært oppe til votering i stortinget tre ganger så langt.  Det ble
  36 <a href="http://svartelisten.org/">vedtatt første gang 2011-04-04</a>
  37 og
  38 <a href="https://github.com/holderdeord/hdo-folketingparser/blob/master/data/votering-2011-04-11.xml">andre
  39 gang 2011-04-11</a> (lovendringer voteres to ganger), og forslag om å
  40 stoppe loven ble
  41 <a href="http://www.stortinget.no/no/Saker-og-publikasjoner/Saker/Sak/Voteringsoversikt/?p=53844&dnid=1">nedstemt
  42 2012-12-06</a> (se også
  43 <a href="http://beta.holderdeord.no/votes/2715">oversikt fra Holder De
  44 Ord</a>).</p>
  45
  46 <p>Jan Bøhler i Arbeiderpartiet stemte for å innføre
  47 datalagringsdirektivet i lovverket i første votering, var ikke
  48 tilstede i andre votering og støttet loven i tredje votering.  André
  49 Oktay Dahl i Høyre var ikke til stede i første og andre votering men
  50 støttet loven i tredje votering.  Ulf Leirstein i Fremskrittspartiet
  51 stemte mot loven i første votering men var ikke til stede i andre og
  52 tredje votering.</p>
  53
  54 <p>Hvis du lurer på hva som er problemet med datalagringsdirektivet,
  55 anbefaler jeg å lese <a href="http://www.uhuru.biz/?cat=84">artiklene
  56 fra Jon Wessel-Aas</a> om temaet, samt informasjon fra foreningen
  57 <a href="http://www.digitaltpersonvern.no/">Digitalt
  58 Personvern</a>.</p>
  59 </div>
  60       <div class="tags">
  61
  62
  63         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/norsk">norsk</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/personvern">personvern</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/surveillance">surveillance</a>.
  64
  65
  66       </div>
  67     </div>
  68     <div class="padding"></div>
  69
  70     <div class="entry">
  71       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Bitcoin_GUI_now_available_from_Debian_unstable__and_Ubuntu_raring_.html">Bitcoin GUI now available from Debian/unstable (and Ubuntu/raring)</a></div>
  72       <div class="date"> 2nd February 2013</div>
  73       <div class="body"><p>My
  74 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/How_to_backport_bitcoin_qt_version_0_7_2_2_to_Debian_Squeeze.html">last
  75 bitcoin related blog post</a> mentioned that the new
  76 <a href="http://packages.qa.debian.org/bitcoin">bitcoin package</a> for
  77 Debian was waiting in NEW.  It was accepted by the Debian ftp-masters
  78 2013-01-19, and have been available in unstable since then.  It was
  79 automatically copied to Ubuntu, and is available in their Raring
  80 version too.</p>
  81
  82 <p>But there is a strange problem with the build that block this new
  83 version from being available on the i386 and kfreebsd-i386
  84 architectures.  For some strange reason, the autobuilders in Debian
  85 for these architectures fail to run the test suite on these
  86 architectures (<a href="http://bugs.debian.org/672524">BTS #672524</a>).
  87 We are so far unable to reproduce it when building it manually, and
  88 no-one have been able to propose a fix.  If you got an idea what is
  89 failing, please let us know via the BTS.</p>
  90
  91 <p>One feature that is annoying me with of the bitcoin client, because
  92 I often run low on disk space, is the fact that the client will exit
  93 if it run short on space (<a href="http://bugs.debian.org/696715">BTS
  94 #696715</a>).  So make sure you have enough disk space when you run
  95 it. :)</p>
  96
  97 <p>As usual, if you use bitcoin and want to show your support of my
  98 activities, please send Bitcoin donations to my address
  99 <b><a href="bitcoin:15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b&label=PetterReinholdtsenBlog">15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b</a></b>.</p>
 100 </div>
 101       <div class="tags">
 102
 103
 104         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bitcoin">bitcoin</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
 105
 106
 107       </div>
 108     </div>
 109     <div class="padding"></div>
 110
 111     <div class="entry">
 112       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Welcome_to_the_world__Isenkram_.html">Welcome to the world, Isenkram!</a></div>
 113       <div class="date">22nd January 2013</div>
 114       <div class="body"><p>Yesterday, I
 115 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/First_prototype_ready_making_hardware_easier_to_use_in_Debian.html">asked
 116 for testers</a> for my prototype for making Debian better at handling
 117 pluggable hardware devices, which I
 118 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Lets_make_hardware_dongles_easier_to_use_in_Debian.html">set
 119 out to create</a> earlier this month.  Several valuable testers showed
 120 up, and caused me to really want to to open up the development to more
 121 people.  But before I did this, I want to come up with a sensible name
 122 for this project.  Today I finally decided on a new name, and I have
 123 renamed the project from hw-support-handler to this new name.  In the
 124 process, I moved the source to git and made it available as a
 125 <a href="http://anonscm.debian.org/gitweb/?p=collab-maint/isenkram.git">collab-maint</a>
 126 repository in Debian.  The new name?  It is <strong>Isenkram</strong>.
 127 To fetch and build the latest version of the source, use</p>
 128
 129 <pre>
 130 git clone http://anonscm.debian.org/git/collab-maint/isenkram.git
 131 cd isenkram && git-buildpackage -us -uc
 132 </pre>
 133
 134 <p>I have not yet adjusted all files to use the new name yet.  If you
 135 want to hack on the source or improve the package, please go ahead.
 136 But please talk to me first on IRC or via email before you do major
 137 changes, to make sure we do not step on each others toes. :)</p>
 138
 139 <p>If you wonder what 'isenkram' is, it is a Norwegian word for iron
 140 stuff, typically meaning tools, nails, screws, etc.  Typical hardware
 141 stuff, in other words.  I've been told it is the Norwegian variant of
 142 the German word eisenkram, for those that are familiar with that
 143 word.</p>
 144
 145 <p><strong>Update 2013-01-26</strong>: Added -us -us to build
 146 instructions, to avoid confusing people with an error from the signing
 147 process.</p>
 148
 149 <p><strong>Update 2013-01-27</strong>: Switch to HTTP URL for the git
 150 clone argument to avoid the need for authentication.</p>
 151 </div>
 152       <div class="tags">
 153
 154
 155         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/isenkram">isenkram</a>.
 156
 157
 158       </div>
 159     </div>
 160     <div class="padding"></div>
 161
 162     <div class="entry">
 163       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/First_prototype_ready_making_hardware_easier_to_use_in_Debian.html">First prototype ready making hardware easier to use in Debian</a></div>
 164       <div class="date">21st January 2013</div>
 165       <div class="body"><p>Early this month I set out to try to
 166 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Lets_make_hardware_dongles_easier_to_use_in_Debian.html">improve
 167 the Debian support for pluggable hardware devices</a>.  Now my
 168 prototype is working, and it is ready for a larger audience.  To test
 169 it, fetch the
 170 <a href="http://anonscm.debian.org/viewvc/debian-edu/trunk/src/hw-support-handler/">source
 171 from the Debian Edu subversion repository</a>, build and install the
 172 package.  You might have to log out and in again activate the
 173 autostart script.</p>
 174
 175 <p>The design is simple:</p>
 176
 177 <ul>
 178
 179 <li>Add desktop entry in /usr/share/autostart/ causing a program
 180 hw-support-handlerd to start when the user log in.</li>
 181
 182 <li>This program listen for kernel events about new hardware (directly
 183 from the kernel like udev does), not using HAL dbus events as I
 184 initially did.</li>
 185
 186 <li>When new hardware is inserted, look up the hardware modalias in
 187 the APT database, a database
 188 <a href="http://anonscm.debian.org/viewvc/debian-edu/trunk/src/hw-support-handler/modaliases?view=markup">available
 189 via HTTP</a> and a database available as part of the package.</li>
 190
 191 <li>If a package is mapped to the hardware in question, the package
 192 isn't installed yet and this is the first time the hardware was
 193 plugged in, show a desktop notification suggesting to install the
 194 package or packages.</li>
 195
 196 <li>If the user click on the 'install package now' button, ask
 197 aptdaemon via the PackageKit API to install the requrired package.</li>
 198
 199 <li>aptdaemon ask for root password or sudo password, and install the
 200 package while showing progress information in a window.</li>
 201
 202 </ul>
 203
 204 <p>I still need to come up with a better name for the system.  Here
 205 are some screen shots showing the prototype in action.  First the
 206 notification, then the password request, and finally the request to
 207 approve all the dependencies.  Sorry for the Norwegian Bokmål GUI.</p>
 208
 209 <p><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2013-01-21-hw-support-1-notification.png">
 210 <br><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2013-01-21-hw-support-2-password.png">
 211 <br><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2013-01-21-hw-support-3-dependencies.png">
 212 <br><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2013-01-21-hw-support-4-installing.png">
 213 <br><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2013-01-21-hw-support-5-installing-details.png" width="70%"></p>
 214
 215 <p>The prototype still need to be improved with longer timeouts, but
 216 is already useful.  The database of hardware to package mappings also
 217 need more work.  It is currently compatible with the Ubuntu way of
 218 storing such information in the package control file, but could be
 219 changed to use other formats instead or in addition to the current
 220 method.  I've dropped the use of discover for this mapping, as the
 221 modalias approach is more flexible and easier to use on Linux as long
 222 as the Linux kernel expose its modalias strings directly.</p>
 223
 224 <p><strong>Update 2013-01-21 16:50</strong>: Due to popular demand,
 225 here is the command required to check out and build the source: Use
 226 '<tt>svn checkout
 227 svn://svn.debian.org/debian-edu/trunk/src/hw-support-handler/; cd
 228 hw-support-handler; debuild</tt>'.  If you lack debuild, install the
 229 devscripts package.</p>
 230
 231 <p><strong>Update 2013-01-23 12:00</strong>: The project is now
 232 renamed to Isenkram and the source moved from the Debian Edu
 233 subversion repository to a Debian collab-maint git repository.  See
 234 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Welcome_to_the_world__Isenkram_.html">build
 235 instructions</a> for details.</p>
 236 </div>
 237       <div class="tags">
 238
 239
 240         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/isenkram">isenkram</a>.
 241
 242
 243       </div>
 244     </div>
 245     <div class="padding"></div>
 246
 247     <div class="entry">
 248       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Thank_you_Thinkpad_X41__for_your_long_and_trustworthy_service.html">Thank you Thinkpad X41, for your long and trustworthy service</a></div>
 249       <div class="date">19th January 2013</div>
 250       <div class="body"><p>This Christmas my trusty old laptop died.  It died quietly and
 251 suddenly in bed.  With a quiet whimper, it went completely quiet and
 252 black.  The power button was no longer able to turn it on.  It was a
 253 IBM Thinkpad X41, and the best laptop I ever had.  Better than both
 254 Thinkpads X30, X31, X40, X60, X61 and X61S.  Far better than the
 255 Compaq I had before that.  Now I need to find a replacement.  To keep
 256 going during Christmas, I moved the one year old SSD disk to my old
 257 X40 where it fitted (only one I had left that could use it), but it is
 258 not a durable solution.
 259
 260 <p>My laptop needs are fairly modest.  This is my wishlist from when I
 261 got a new one more than 10 years ago.  It still holds true.:)</p>
 262
 263 <ul>
 264
 265 <li>Lightweight (around 1 kg) and small volume (preferably smaller
 266   than A4).</li>
 267 <li>Robust, it will be in my backpack every day.</li>
 268 <li>Three button mouse and a mouse pin instead of touch pad.</li>
 269 <li>Long battery life time.  Preferable a week.</li>
 270 <li>Internal WIFI network card.</li>
 271 <li>Internal Twisted Pair network card.</li>
 272 <li>Some USB slots (2-3 is plenty)</li>
 273 <li>Good keyboard - similar to the Thinkpad.</li>
 274 <li>Video resolution at least 1024x768, with size around 12" (A4 paper
 275 size).</li>
 276 <li>Hardware supported by Debian Stable, ie the default kernel and
 277   X.org packages.</li>
 278 <li>Quiet, preferably fan free (or at least not using the fan most of
 279   the time).
 280
 281 </ul>
 282
 283 <p>You will notice that there are no RAM and CPU requirements in the
 284 list.  The reason is simply that the specifications on laptops the
 285 last 10-15 years have been sufficient for my needs, and I have to look
 286 at other features to choose my laptop.  But are there still made as
 287 robust laptops as my X41?  The Thinkpad X60/X61 proved to be less
 288 robust, and Thinkpads seem to be heading in the wrong direction since
 289 Lenovo took over.  But I've been told that X220 and X1 Carbon might
 290 still be useful.</p>
 291
 292 <p>Perhaps I should rethink my needs, and look for a pad with an
 293 external keyboard?  I'll have to check the
 294 <a href="http://www.linux-laptop.net/">Linux Laptops site</a> for
 295 well-supported laptops, or perhaps just buy one preinstalled from one
 296 of the vendors listed on the <a href="http://linuxpreloaded.com/">Linux
 297 Pre-loaded site</a>.</p>
 298 </div>
 299       <div class="tags">
 300
 301
 302         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
 303
 304
 305       </div>
 306     </div>
 307     <div class="padding"></div>
 308
 309     <div class="entry">
 310       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/How_to_find_a_browser_plugin_supporting_a_given_MIME_type.html">How to find a browser plugin supporting a given MIME type</a></div>
 311       <div class="date">18th January 2013</div>
 312       <div class="body"><p>Some times I try to figure out which Iceweasel browser plugin to
 313 install to get support for a given MIME type.  Thanks to
 314 <a href="https://wiki.ubuntu.com/MozillaTeam/Plugins">specifications
 315 done by Ubuntu</a> and Mozilla, it is possible to do this in Debian.
 316 Unfortunately, not very many packages provide the needed meta
 317 information, Anyway, here is a small script to look up all browser
 318 plugin packages announcing ther MIME support using this specification:</p>
 319
 320 <pre>
 321 #!/usr/bin/python
 322 import sys
 323 import apt
 324 def pkgs_handling_mimetype(mimetype):
 325     cache = apt.Cache()
 326     cache.open(None)
 327     thepkgs = []
 328     for pkg in cache:
 329         version = pkg.candidate
 330         if version is None:
 331             version = pkg.installed
 332         if version is None:
 333             continue
 334         record = version.record
 335         if not record.has_key('Npp-MimeType'):
 336             continue
 337         mime_types = record['Npp-MimeType'].split(',')
 338         for t in mime_types:
 339             t = t.rstrip().strip()
 340             if t == mimetype:
 341                 thepkgs.append(pkg.name)
 342     return thepkgs
 343 mimetype = "audio/ogg"
 344 if 1 < len(sys.argv):
 345     mimetype = sys.argv[1]
 346 print "Browser plugin packages supporting %s:" % mimetype
 347 for pkg in pkgs_handling_mimetype(mimetype):
 348     print "  %s" %pkg
 349 </pre>
 350
 351 <p>It can be used like this to look up a given MIME type:</p>
 352
 353 <pre>
 354 % ./apt-find-browserplug-for-mimetype
 355 Browser plugin packages supporting audio/ogg:
 356   gecko-mediaplayer
 357 % ./apt-find-browserplug-for-mimetype application/x-shockwave-flash
 358 Browser plugin packages supporting application/x-shockwave-flash:
 359   browser-plugin-gnash
 360 %
 361 </pre>
 362
 363 <p>In Ubuntu this mechanism is combined with support in the browser
 364 itself to query for plugins and propose to install the needed
 365 packages.  It would be great if Debian supported such feature too.  Is
 366 anyone working on adding it?</p>
 367
 368 <p><strong>Update 2013-01-18 14:20</strong>: The Debian BTS
 369 request for icweasel support for this feature is
 370 <a href="http://bugs.debian.org/484010">#484010</a> from 2008 (and
 371 <a href="http://bugs.debian.org/698426">#698426</a> from today).  Lack
 372 of manpower and wish for a different design is the reason thus feature
 373 is not yet in iceweasel from Debian.</p>
 374 </div>
 375       <div class="tags">
 376
 377
 378         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
 379
 380
 381       </div>
 382     </div>
 383     <div class="padding"></div>
 384
 385     <div class="entry">
 386       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/What_is_the_most_supported_MIME_type_in_Debian_.html">What is the most supported MIME type in Debian?</a></div>
 387       <div class="date">16th January 2013</div>
 388       <div class="body"><p>The <a href="http://wiki.debian.org/AppStreamDebianProposal">DEP-11
 389 proposal to add AppStream information to the Debian archive</a>, is a
 390 proposal to make it possible for a Desktop application to propose to
 391 the user some package to install to gain support for a given MIME
 392 type, font, library etc. that is currently missing.  With such
 393 mechanism in place, it would be possible for the desktop to
 394 automatically propose and install leocad if some LDraw file is
 395 downloaded by the browser.</p>
 396
 397 <p>To get some idea about the current content of the archive, I decided
 398 to write a simple program to extract all .desktop files from the
 399 Debian archive and look up the claimed MIME support there.  The result
 400 can be found on the
 401 <a href="http://ftp.skolelinux.org/pub/AppStreamTest">Skolelinux FTP
 402 site</a>.  Using the collected information, it become possible to
 403 answer the question in the title.  Here are the 20 most supported MIME
 404 types in Debian stable (Squeeze), testing (Wheezy) and unstable (Sid).
 405 The complete list is available from the link above.</p>
 406
 407 <p><strong>Debian Stable:</strong></p>
 408
 409 <pre>
 410   count MIME type
 411   ----- -----------------------
 412      32 text/plain
 413      30 audio/mpeg
 414      29 image/png
 415      28 image/jpeg
 416      27 application/ogg
 417      26 audio/x-mp3
 418      25 image/tiff
 419      25 image/gif
 420      22 image/bmp
 421      22 audio/x-wav
 422      20 audio/x-flac
 423      19 audio/x-mpegurl
 424      18 video/x-ms-asf
 425      18 audio/x-musepack
 426      18 audio/x-mpeg
 427      18 application/x-ogg
 428      17 video/mpeg
 429      17 audio/x-scpls
 430      17 audio/ogg
 431      16 video/x-ms-wmv
 432 </pre>
 433
 434 <p><strong>Debian Testing:</strong></p>
 435
 436 <pre>
 437   count MIME type
 438   ----- -----------------------
 439      33 text/plain
 440      32 image/png
 441      32 image/jpeg
 442      29 audio/mpeg
 443      27 image/gif
 444      26 image/tiff
 445      26 application/ogg
 446      25 audio/x-mp3
 447      22 image/bmp
 448      21 audio/x-wav
 449      19 audio/x-mpegurl
 450      19 audio/x-mpeg
 451      18 video/mpeg
 452      18 audio/x-scpls
 453      18 audio/x-flac
 454      18 application/x-ogg
 455      17 video/x-ms-asf
 456      17 text/html
 457      17 audio/x-musepack
 458      16 image/x-xbitmap
 459 </pre>
 460
 461 <p><strong>Debian Unstable:</strong></p>
 462
 463 <pre>
 464   count MIME type
 465   ----- -----------------------
 466      31 text/plain
 467      31 image/png
 468      31 image/jpeg
 469      29 audio/mpeg
 470      28 application/ogg
 471      27 image/gif
 472      26 image/tiff
 473      26 audio/x-mp3
 474      23 audio/x-wav
 475      22 image/bmp
 476      21 audio/x-flac
 477      20 audio/x-mpegurl
 478      19 audio/x-mpeg
 479      18 video/x-ms-asf
 480      18 video/mpeg
 481      18 audio/x-scpls
 482      18 application/x-ogg
 483      17 audio/x-musepack
 484      16 video/x-ms-wmv
 485      16 video/x-msvideo
 486 </pre>
 487
 488 <p>I am told that PackageKit can provide an API to access the kind of
 489 information mentioned in DEP-11.  I have not yet had time to look at
 490 it, but hope the PackageKit people in Debian are on top of these
 491 issues.</p>
 492
 493 <p><strong>Update 2013-01-16 13:35</strong>: Updated numbers after
 494 discovering a typo in my script.</p>
 495 </div>
 496       <div class="tags">
 497
 498
 499         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
 500
 501
 502       </div>
 503     </div>
 504     <div class="padding"></div>
 505
 506     <div class="entry">
 507       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Using_modalias_info_to_find_packages_handling_my_hardware.html">Using modalias info to find packages handling my hardware</a></div>
 508       <div class="date">15th January 2013</div>
 509       <div class="body"><p>Yesterday, I wrote about the
 510 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Modalias_strings___a_practical_way_to_map__stuff__to_hardware.html">modalias
 511 values provided by the Linux kernel</a> following my hope for
 512 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Lets_make_hardware_dongles_easier_to_use_in_Debian.html">better
 513 dongle support in Debian</a>.  Using this knowledge, I have tested how
 514 modalias values attached to package names can be used to map packages
 515 to hardware.  This allow the system to look up and suggest relevant
 516 packages when I plug in some new hardware into my machine, and replace
 517 discover and discover-data as the database used to map hardware to
 518 packages.</p>
 519
 520 <p>I create a modaliases file with entries like the following,
 521 containing package name, kernel module name (if relevant, otherwise
 522 the package name) and globs matching the relevant hardware
 523 modalias.</p>
 524
 525 <p><blockquote>
 526 Package: package-name
 527 <br>Modaliases: module(modaliasglob, modaliasglob, modaliasglob)</p>
 528 </blockquote></p>
 529
 530 <p>It is fairly trivial to write code to find the relevant packages
 531 for a given modalias value using this file.</p>
 532
 533 <p>An entry like this would suggest the video and picture application
 534 cheese for many USB web cameras (interface bus class 0E01):</p>
 535
 536 <p><blockquote>
 537 Package: cheese
 538 <br>Modaliases: cheese(usb:v*p*d*dc*dsc*dp*ic0Eisc01ip*)</p>
 539 </blockquote></p>
 540
 541 <p>An entry like this would suggest the pcmciautils package when a
 542 CardBus bridge (bus class 0607) PCI device is present:</p>
 543
 544 <p><blockquote>
 545 Package: pcmciautils
 546 <br>Modaliases: pcmciautils(pci:v*d*sv*sd*bc06sc07i*)
 547 </blockquote></p>
 548
 549 <p>An entry like this would suggest the package colorhug-client when
 550 plugging in a ColorHug with USB IDs 04D8:F8DA:</p>
 551
 552 <p><blockquote>
 553 Package: colorhug-client
 554 <br>Modaliases: colorhug-client(usb:v04D8pF8DAd*)</p>
 555 </blockquote></p>
 556
 557 <p>I believe the format is compatible with the format of the Packages
 558 file in the Debian archive.  Ubuntu already uses their Packages file
 559 to store their mappings from packages to hardware.</p>
 560
 561 <p>By adding a XB-Modaliases: header in debian/control, any .deb can
 562 announce the hardware it support in a way my prototype understand.
 563 This allow those publishing packages in an APT source outside the
 564 Debian archive as well as those backporting packages to make sure the
 565 hardware mapping are included in the package meta information.  I've
 566 tested such header in the pymissile package, and its modalias mapping
 567 is working as it should with my prototype.  It even made it to Ubuntu
 568 Raring.</p>
 569
 570 <p>To test if it was possible to look up supported hardware using only
 571 the shell tools available in the Debian installer, I wrote a shell
 572 implementation of the lookup code.  The idea is to create files for
 573 each modalias and let the shell do the matching.  Please check out and
 574 try the
 575 <a href="http://anonscm.debian.org/viewvc/debian-edu/trunk/src/hw-support-handler/hw-support-lookup?view=co">hw-support-lookup</a>
 576 shell script.  It run without any extra dependencies and fetch the
 577 hardware mappings from the Debian archive and the subversion
 578 repository where I currently work on my prototype.</p>
 579
 580 <p>When I use it on a machine with a yubikey inserted, it suggest to
 581 install yubikey-personalization:</p>
 582
 583 <p><blockquote>
 584 % ./hw-support-lookup
 585 <br>yubikey-personalization
 586 <br>%
 587 </blockquote></p>
 588
 589 <p>When I run it on my Thinkpad X40 with a PCMCIA/CardBus slot, it
 590 propose to install the pcmciautils package:</p>
 591
 592 <p><blockquote>
 593 % ./hw-support-lookup
 594 <br>pcmciautils
 595 <br>%
 596 </blockquote></p>
 597
 598 <p>If you know of any hardware-package mapping that should be added to
 599 <a href="http://anonscm.debian.org/viewvc/debian-edu/trunk/src/hw-support-handler/modaliases?view=co">my
 600 database</a>, please tell me about it.</p>
 601
 602 <p>It could be possible to generate several of the mappings between
 603 packages and hardware.  One source would be to look at packages with
 604 kernel modules, ie packages with *.ko files in /lib/modules/, and
 605 extract their modalias information.  Another would be to look at
 606 packages with udev rules, ie packages with files in
 607 /lib/udev/rules.d/, and extract their vendor/model information to
 608 generate a modalias matching rule.  I have not tested any of these to
 609 see if it work.</p>
 610
 611 <p>If you want to help implementing a system to let us propose what
 612 packages to install when new hardware is plugged into a Debian
 613 machine, please send me an email or talk to me on
 614 <a href="irc://irc.debian.org/%23debian-devel">#debian-devel</a>.</p>
 615 </div>
 616       <div class="tags">
 617
 618
 619         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/isenkram">isenkram</a>.
 620
 621
 622       </div>
 623     </div>
 624     <div class="padding"></div>
 625
 626     <div class="entry">
 627       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Modalias_strings___a_practical_way_to_map__stuff__to_hardware.html">Modalias strings - a practical way to map "stuff" to hardware</a></div>
 628       <div class="date">14th January 2013</div>
 629       <div class="body"><p>While looking into how to look up Debian packages based on hardware
 630 information, to find the packages that support a given piece of
 631 hardware, I refreshed my memory regarding modalias values, and decided
 632 to document the details.  Here are my findings so far, also available
 633 in
 634 <a href="http://anonscm.debian.org/viewvc/debian-edu/trunk/src/hw-support-handler/">the
 635 Debian Edu subversion repository</a>:
 636
 637 <p><strong>Modalias decoded</strong></p>
 638
 639 <p>This document try to explain what the different types of modalias
 640 values stands for.  It is in part based on information from
 641 &lt;URL: <a href="https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Modalias">https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Modalias</a> &gt;,
 642 &lt;URL: <a href="http://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/26132/how-to-assign-usb-driver-to-device">http://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/26132/how-to-assign-usb-driver-to-device</a> &gt;,
 643 &lt;URL: <a href="http://code.metager.de/source/history/linux/stable/scripts/mod/file2alias.c">http://code.metager.de/source/history/linux/stable/scripts/mod/file2alias.c</a> &gt; and
 644 &lt;URL: <a href="http://cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/dmidecode/dmidecode.c?root=dmidecode&view=markup">http://cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/dmidecode/dmidecode.c?root=dmidecode&view=markup</a> &gt;.
 645
 646 <p>The modalias entries for a given Linux machine can be found using
 647 this shell script:</p>
 648
 649 <pre>
 650 find /sys -name modalias -print0 | xargs -0 cat | sort -u
 651 </pre>
 652
 653 <p>The supported modalias globs for a given kernel module can be found
 654 using modinfo:</p>
 655
 656 <pre>
 657 % /sbin/modinfo psmouse | grep alias:
 658 alias:          serio:ty05pr*id*ex*
 659 alias:          serio:ty01pr*id*ex*
 660 %
 661 </pre>
 662
 663 <p><strong>PCI subtype</strong></p>
 664
 665 <p>A typical PCI entry can look like this.  This is an Intel Host
 666 Bridge memory controller:</p>
 667
 668 <p><blockquote>
 669 pci:v00008086d00002770sv00001028sd000001ADbc06sc00i00
 670 </blockquote></p>
 671
 672 <p>This represent these values:</p>
 673
 674 <pre>
 675  v   00008086  (vendor)
 676  d   00002770  (device)
 677  sv  00001028  (subvendor)
 678  sd  000001AD  (subdevice)
 679  bc  06        (bus class)
 680  sc  00        (bus subclass)
 681  i   00        (interface)
 682 </pre>
 683
 684 <p>The vendor/device values are the same values outputted from 'lspci
 685 -n' as 8086:2770.  The bus class/subclass is also shown by lspci as
 686 0600.  The 0600 class is a host bridge.  Other useful bus values are
 687 0300 (VGA compatible card) and 0200 (Ethernet controller).</p>
 688
 689 <p>Not sure how to figure out the interface value, nor what it
 690 means.</p>
 691
 692 <p><strong>USB subtype</strong></p>
 693
 694 <p>Some typical USB entries can look like this.  This is an internal
 695 USB hub in a laptop:</p>
 696
 697 <p><blockquote>
 698 usb:v1D6Bp0001d0206dc09dsc00dp00ic09isc00ip00
 699 </blockquote></p>
 700
 701 <p>Here is the values included in this alias:</p>
 702
 703 <pre>
 704  v    1D6B  (device vendor)
 705  p    0001  (device product)
 706  d    0206  (bcddevice)
 707  dc     09  (device class)
 708  dsc    00  (device subclass)
 709  dp     00  (device protocol)
 710  ic     09  (interface class)
 711  isc    00  (interface subclass)
 712  ip     00  (interface protocol)
 713 </pre>
 714
 715 <p>The 0900 device class/subclass means hub.  Some times the relevant
 716 class is in the interface class section.  For a simple USB web camera,
 717 these alias entries show up:</p>
 718
 719 <p><blockquote>
 720 usb:v0AC8p3420d5000dcEFdsc02dp01ic01isc01ip00
 721 <br>usb:v0AC8p3420d5000dcEFdsc02dp01ic01isc02ip00
 722 <br>usb:v0AC8p3420d5000dcEFdsc02dp01ic0Eisc01ip00
 723 <br>usb:v0AC8p3420d5000dcEFdsc02dp01ic0Eisc02ip00
 724 </blockquote></p>
 725
 726 <p>Interface class 0E01 is video control, 0E02 is video streaming (aka
 727 camera), 0101 is audio control device and 0102 is audio streaming (aka
 728 microphone).  Thus this is a camera with microphone included.</p>
 729
 730 <p><strong>ACPI subtype</strong></p>
 731
 732 <p>The ACPI type is used for several non-PCI/USB stuff.  This is an IR
 733 receiver in a Thinkpad X40:</p>
 734
 735 <p><blockquote>
 736 acpi:IBM0071:PNP0511:
 737 </blockquote></p>
 738
 739 <p>The values between the colons are IDs.</p>
 740
 741 <p><strong>DMI subtype</strong></p>
 742
 743 <p>The DMI table contain lots of information about the computer case
 744 and model.  This is an entry for a IBM Thinkpad X40, fetched from
 745 /sys/devices/virtual/dmi/id/modalias:</p>
 746
 747 <p><blockquote>
 748 dmi:bvnIBM:bvr1UETB6WW(1.66):bd06/15/2005:svnIBM:pn2371H4G:pvrThinkPadX40:rvnIBM:rn2371H4G:rvrNotAvailable:cvnIBM:ct10:cvrNotAvailable:
 749 </blockquote></p>
 750
 751 <p>The values present are</p>
 752
 753 <pre>
 754  bvn  IBM            (BIOS vendor)
 755  bvr  1UETB6WW(1.66) (BIOS version)
 756  bd   06/15/2005     (BIOS date)
 757  svn  IBM            (system vendor)
 758  pn   2371H4G        (product name)
 759  pvr  ThinkPadX40    (product version)
 760  rvn  IBM            (board vendor)
 761  rn   2371H4G        (board name)
 762  rvr  NotAvailable   (board version)
 763  cvn  IBM            (chassis vendor)
 764  ct   10             (chassis type)
 765  cvr  NotAvailable   (chassis version)
 766 </pre>
 767
 768 <p>The chassis type 10 is Notebook.  Other interesting values can be
 769 found in the dmidecode source:</p>
 770
 771 <pre>
 772   3 Desktop
 773   4 Low Profile Desktop
 774   5 Pizza Box
 775   6 Mini Tower
 776   7 Tower
 777   8 Portable
 778   9 Laptop
 779  10 Notebook
 780  11 Hand Held
 781  12 Docking Station
 782  13 All In One
 783  14 Sub Notebook
 784  15 Space-saving
 785  16 Lunch Box
 786  17 Main Server Chassis
 787  18 Expansion Chassis
 788  19 Sub Chassis
 789  20 Bus Expansion Chassis
 790  21 Peripheral Chassis
 791  22 RAID Chassis
 792  23 Rack Mount Chassis
 793  24 Sealed-case PC
 794  25 Multi-system
 795  26 CompactPCI
 796  27 AdvancedTCA
 797  28 Blade
 798  29 Blade Enclosing
 799 </pre>
 800
 801 <p>The chassis type values are not always accurately set in the DMI
 802 table.  For example my home server is a tower, but the DMI modalias
 803 claim it is a desktop.</p>
 804
 805 <p><strong>SerIO subtype</strong></p>
 806
 807 <p>This type is used for PS/2 mouse plugs.  One example is from my
 808 test machine:</p>
 809
 810 <p><blockquote>
 811 serio:ty01pr00id00ex00
 812 </blockquote></p>
 813
 814 <p>The values present are</p>
 815
 816 <pre>
 817   ty  01  (type)
 818   pr  00  (prototype)
 819   id  00  (id)
 820   ex  00  (extra)
 821 </pre>
 822
 823 <p>This type is supported by the psmouse driver.  I am not sure what
 824 the valid values are.</p>
 825
 826 <p><strong>Other subtypes</strong></p>
 827
 828 <p>There are heaps of other modalias subtypes according to
 829 file2alias.c.  There is the rest of the list from that source: amba,
 830 ap, bcma, ccw, css, eisa, hid, i2c, ieee1394, input, ipack, isapnp,
 831 mdio, of, parisc, pcmcia, platform, scsi, sdio, spi, ssb, vio, virtio,
 832 vmbus, x86cpu and zorro.  I did not spend time documenting all of
 833 these, as they do not seem relevant for my intended use with mapping
 834 hardware to packages when new stuff is inserted during run time.</p>
 835
 836 <p><strong>Looking up kernel modules using modalias values</strong></p>
 837
 838 <p>To check which kernel modules provide support for a given modalias,
 839 one can use the following shell script:</p>
 840
 841 <pre>
 842   for id in $(find /sys -name modalias -print0 | xargs -0 cat | sort -u); do \
 843     echo "$id" ; \
 844     /sbin/modprobe --show-depends "$id"|sed 's/^/  /' ; \
 845   done
 846 </pre>
 847
 848 <p>The output can look like this (only the first few entries as the
 849 list is very long on my test machine):</p>
 850
 851 <pre>
 852   acpi:ACPI0003:
 853     insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-686/kernel/drivers/acpi/ac.ko
 854   acpi:device:
 855   FATAL: Module acpi:device: not found.
 856   acpi:IBM0068:
 857     insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-686/kernel/drivers/char/nvram.ko
 858     insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-686/kernel/drivers/leds/led-class.ko
 859     insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-686/kernel/net/rfkill/rfkill.ko
 860     insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-686/kernel/drivers/platform/x86/thinkpad_acpi.ko
 861   acpi:IBM0071:PNP0511:
 862     insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-686/kernel/lib/crc-ccitt.ko
 863     insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-686/kernel/net/irda/irda.ko
 864     insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-686/kernel/drivers/net/irda/nsc-ircc.ko
 865   [...]
 866 </pre>
 867
 868 <p>If you want to help implementing a system to let us propose what
 869 packages to install when new hardware is plugged into a Debian
 870 machine, please send me an email or talk to me on
 871 <a href="irc://irc.debian.org/%23debian-devel">#debian-devel</a>.</p>
 872
 873 <p><strong>Update 2013-01-15:</strong> Rewrite "cat $(find ...)" to
 874 "find ... -print0 | xargs -0 cat" to make sure it handle directories
 875 in /sys/ with space in them.</p>
 876 </div>
 877       <div class="tags">
 878
 879
 880         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/isenkram">isenkram</a>.
 881
 882
 883       </div>
 884     </div>
 885     <div class="padding"></div>
 886
 887     <div class="entry">
 888       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Moved_the_pymissile_Debian_packaging_to_collab_maint.html">Moved the pymissile Debian packaging to collab-maint</a></div>
 889       <div class="date">10th January 2013</div>
 890       <div class="body"><p>As part of my investigation on how to improve the support in Debian
 891 for hardware dongles, I dug up my old Mark and Spencer USB Rocket
 892 Launcher and updated the Debian package
 893 <a href="http://packages.qa.debian.org/pymissile">pymissile</a> to make
 894 sure udev will fix the device permissions when it is plugged in.  I
 895 also added a "Modaliases" header to test it in the Debian archive and
 896 hopefully make the package be proposed by jockey in Ubuntu when a user
 897 plug in his rocket launcher.  In the process I moved the source to a
 898 git repository under collab-maint, to make it easier for any DD to
 899 contribute.  <a href="http://code.google.com/p/pymissile/">Upstream</a>
 900 is not very active, but the software still work for me even after five
 901 years of relative silence.  The new git repository is not listed in
 902 the uploaded package yet, because I want to test the other changes a
 903 bit more before I upload the new version.  If you want to check out
 904 the new version with a .desktop file included, visit the
 905 <a href="http://anonscm.debian.org/gitweb/?p=collab-maint/pymissile.git">gitweb
 906 view</a> or use "<tt>git clone
 907 git://anonscm.debian.org/collab-maint/pymissile.git</tt>".</p>
 908 </div>
 909       <div class="tags">
 910
 911
 912         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/robot">robot</a>.
 913
 914
 915       </div>
 916     </div>
 917     <div class="padding"></div>
 918
 919     <p style="text-align: right;"><a href="index.rss"><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/xml.gif" alt="RSS feed" width="36" height="14" /></a></p>
 920     <div id="sidebar">
 921
 922
 923
 924 <h2>Archive</h2>
 925 <ul>
 926
 927 <li>2013
 928 <ul>
 929
 930 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/01/">January (11)</a></li>
 931
 932 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/02/">February (2)</a></li>
 933
 934 </ul></li>
 935
 936 <li>2012
 937 <ul>
 938
 939 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/01/">January (7)</a></li>
 940
 941 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/02/">February (10)</a></li>
 942
 943 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/03/">March (17)</a></li>
 944
 945 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/04/">April (12)</a></li>
 946
 947 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/05/">May (12)</a></li>
 948
 949 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/06/">June (20)</a></li>
 950
 951 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/07/">July (17)</a></li>
 952
 953 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/08/">August (6)</a></li>
 954
 955 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/09/">September (9)</a></li>
 956
 957 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/10/">October (17)</a></li>
 958
 959 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/11/">November (10)</a></li>
 960
 961 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/12/">December (7)</a></li>
 962
 963 </ul></li>
 964
 965 <li>2011
 966 <ul>
 967
 968 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/01/">January (16)</a></li>
 969
 970 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/02/">February (6)</a></li>
 971
 972 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/03/">March (6)</a></li>
 973
 974 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/04/">April (7)</a></li>
 975
 976 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/05/">May (3)</a></li>
 977
 978 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/06/">June (2)</a></li>
 979
 980 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/07/">July (7)</a></li>
 981
 982 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/08/">August (6)</a></li>
 983
 984 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/09/">September (4)</a></li>
 985
 986 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/10/">October (2)</a></li>
 987
 988 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/11/">November (3)</a></li>
 989
 990 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/12/">December (1)</a></li>
 991
 992 </ul></li>
 993
 994 <li>2010
 995 <ul>
 996
 997 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/01/">January (2)</a></li>
 998
 999 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/02/">February (1)</a></li>
1000
1001 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/03/">March (3)</a></li>
1002
1003 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/04/">April (3)</a></li>
1004
1005 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/05/">May (9)</a></li>
1006
1007 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/06/">June (14)</a></li>
1008
1009 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/07/">July (12)</a></li>
1010
1011 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/08/">August (13)</a></li>
1012
1013 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/09/">September (7)</a></li>
1014
1015 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/10/">October (9)</a></li>
1016
1017 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/11/">November (13)</a></li>
1018
1019 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/12/">December (12)</a></li>
1020
1021 </ul></li>
1022
1023 <li>2009
1024 <ul>
1025
1026 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/01/">January (8)</a></li>
1027
1028 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/02/">February (8)</a></li>
1029
1030 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/03/">March (12)</a></li>
1031
1032 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/04/">April (10)</a></li>
1033
1034 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/05/">May (9)</a></li>
1035
1036 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/06/">June (3)</a></li>
1037
1038 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/07/">July (4)</a></li>
1039
1040 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/08/">August (3)</a></li>
1041
1042 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/09/">September (1)</a></li>
1043
1044 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/10/">October (2)</a></li>
1045
1046 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/11/">November (3)</a></li>
1047
1048 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/12/">December (3)</a></li>
1049
1050 </ul></li>
1051
1052 <li>2008
1053 <ul>
1054
1055 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2008/11/">November (5)</a></li>
1056
1057 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2008/12/">December (7)</a></li>
1058
1059 </ul></li>
1060
1061 </ul>
1062
1063
1064
1065 <h2>Tags</h2>
1066 <ul>
1067
1068  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/3d-printer">3d-printer (13)</a></li>
1069
1070  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/amiga">amiga (1)</a></li>
1071
1072  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/aros">aros (1)</a></li>
1073
1074  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bankid">bankid (4)</a></li>
1075
1076  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bitcoin">bitcoin (6)</a></li>
1077
1078  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bootsystem">bootsystem (12)</a></li>
1079
1080  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bsa">bsa (2)</a></li>
1081
1082  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian (70)</a></li>
1083
1084  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian edu">debian edu (118)</a></li>
1085
1086  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/digistan">digistan (9)</a></li>
1087
1088  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/docbook">docbook (7)</a></li>
1089
1090  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/drivstoffpriser">drivstoffpriser (4)</a></li>
1091
1092  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english (176)</a></li>
1093
1094  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/fiksgatami">fiksgatami (21)</a></li>
1095
1096  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/fildeling">fildeling (12)</a></li>
1097
1098  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/freeculture">freeculture (10)</a></li>
1099
1100  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/frikanalen">frikanalen (9)</a></li>
1101
1102  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/intervju">intervju (32)</a></li>
1103
1104  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/isenkram">isenkram (5)</a></li>
1105
1106  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/kart">kart (17)</a></li>
1107
1108  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ldap">ldap (8)</a></li>
1109
1110  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/lenker">lenker (6)</a></li>
1111
1112  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ltsp">ltsp (1)</a></li>
1113
1114  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/multimedia">multimedia (25)</a></li>
1115
1116  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/norsk">norsk (220)</a></li>
1117
1118  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/nuug">nuug (148)</a></li>
1119
1120  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/offentlig innsyn">offentlig innsyn (6)</a></li>
1121
1122  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/open311">open311 (2)</a></li>
1123
1124  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/opphavsrett">opphavsrett (41)</a></li>
1125
1126  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/personvern">personvern (62)</a></li>
1127
1128  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/raid">raid (1)</a></li>
1129
1130  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/reprap">reprap (11)</a></li>
1131
1132  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/rfid">rfid (2)</a></li>
1133
1134  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/robot">robot (6)</a></li>
1135
1136  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/rss">rss (1)</a></li>
1137
1138  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ruter">ruter (4)</a></li>
1139
1140  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/scraperwiki">scraperwiki (2)</a></li>
1141
1142  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sikkerhet">sikkerhet (28)</a></li>
1143
1144  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sitesummary">sitesummary (4)</a></li>
1145
1146  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/skepsis">skepsis (4)</a></li>
1147
1148  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/standard">standard (39)</a></li>
1149
1150  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/stavekontroll">stavekontroll (3)</a></li>
1151
1152  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/stortinget">stortinget (5)</a></li>
1153
1154  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/surveillance">surveillance (13)</a></li>
1155
1156  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sysadmin">sysadmin (1)</a></li>
1157
1158  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/valg">valg (7)</a></li>
1159
1160  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/video">video (35)</a></li>
1161
1162  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/vitenskap">vitenskap (4)</a></li>
1163
1164  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/web">web (26)</a></li>
1165
1166 </ul>
1167
1168
1169     </div>
1170     <p style="text-align: right">
1171  Created by <a href="http://steve.org.uk/Software/chronicle">Chronicle v4.4</a>
1172 </p>
1173
1174   </body>
1175 </html>