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  13  <h1>
  14      <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/">Petter Reinholdtsen</a>
  15
  16  </h1>
  17
  18 </div>
  19
  20
  21
  22     <div class="entry">
  23       <div class="title"><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/OpenSnitch_in_Debian_ready_for_prime_time.html">OpenSnitch in Debian ready for prime time</a></div>
  24       <div class="date">13th May 2023</div>
  25       <div class="body"><p>A bit delayed,
  26 <a href="https://tracker.debian.org/pkg/opensnitch">the interactive
  27 application firewall OpenSnitch</a> package in Debian now got the
  28 latest fixes ready for Debian Bookworm.  Because it depend on a
  29 package missing on some architectures, the autopkgtest check of the
  30 testing migration script did not understand that the tests were
  31 actually working, so the migration was delayed.  A bug in the package
  32 dependencies is also fixed, so those installing the firewall package
  33 (opensnitch) now also get the GUI admin tool (python3-opensnitch-ui)
  34 installed by default.  I am very grateful to Gustavo Iñiguez Goya for
  35 his work on getting the package ready for Debian Bookworm.</p>
  36
  37 <p>Armed with this package I have discovered some surprising
  38 connections from programs I believed were able to work completly
  39 offline, and it has already proven its worth, at least to me.  If you
  40 too want to get more familiar with the kind of programs using
  41 Internett connections on your machine, I recommend testing <tt>apt
  42 install opensnitch</tt> in Bookworm and see what you think.</p>
  43
  44 <p>The package is still not able to build its eBPF module within
  45 Debian.  Not sure how much work it would be to get it working, but
  46 suspect some kernel related packages need to be extended with more
  47 header files to get it working.</p>
  48
  49 <p>As usual, if you use Bitcoin and want to show your support of my
  50 activities, please send Bitcoin donations to my address
  51 <b><a href="bitcoin:15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b">15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b</a></b>.</p>
  52 </div>
  53       <div class="tags">
  54
  55
  56         Tags: <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/opensnitch">opensnitch</a>.
  57
  58
  59       </div>
  60     </div>
  61     <div class="padding"></div>
  62
  63     <div class="entry">
  64       <div class="title"><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Speech_to_text__she_APTly_whispered__how_hard_can_it_be_.html">Speech to text, she APTly whispered, how hard can it be?</a></div>
  65       <div class="date">23rd April 2023</div>
  66       <div class="body"><p>While visiting a convention during Easter, it occurred to me that
  67 it would be great if I could have a digital Dictaphone with
  68 transcribing capabilities, providing me with texts to cut-n-paste into
  69 stuff I need to write.  The background is that long drives often bring
  70 up the urge to write on texts I am working on, which of course is out
  71 of the question while driving.  With the release of
  72 <a href="https://github.com/openai/whisper/">OpenAI Whisper</a>, this
  73 seem to be within reach with Free Software, so I decided to give it a
  74 go.  OpenAI Whisper is a Linux based neural network system to read in
  75 audio files and provide text representation of the speech in that
  76 audio recording.  It handle multiple languages and according to its
  77 creators even can translate into a different language than the spoken
  78 one.  I have not tested the latter feature.  It can either use the CPU
  79 or a GPU with CUDA support.  As far as I can tell, CUDA in practice
  80 limit that feature to NVidia graphics cards.  I have few of those, as
  81 they do not work great with free software drivers, and have not tested
  82 the GPU option.  While looking into the matter, I did discover some
  83 work to provide CUDA support on non-NVidia GPUs, and some work with
  84 the library used by Whisper to port it to other GPUs, but have not
  85 spent much time looking into GPU support yet.  I've so far used an old
  86 X220 laptop as my test machine, and only transcribed using its
  87 CPU.</p>
  88
  89 <p>As it from a privacy standpoint is unthinkable to use computers
  90 under control of someone else (aka a "cloud" service) to transcribe
  91 ones thoughts and personal notes, I want to run the transcribing
  92 system locally on my own computers.  The only sensible approach to me
  93 is to make the effort I put into this available for any Linux user and
  94 to upload the needed packages into Debian.  Looking at Debian Bookworm, I
  95 discovered that only three packages were missing,
  96 <a href="https://bugs.debian.org/1034307">tiktoken</a>,
  97 <a href="https://bugs.debian.org/1034144">triton</a>, and
  98 <a href="https://bugs.debian.org/1034091">openai-whisper</a>.  For a while
  99 I also believed
 100 <a href="https://bugs.debian.org/1034286">ffmpeg-python</a> was
 101 needed, but as its
 102 <a href="https://github.com/kkroening/ffmpeg-python/issues/760">upstream
 103 seem to have vanished</a> I found it safer
 104 <a href="https://github.com/openai/whisper/pull/1242">to rewrite
 105 whisper</a> to stop depending on in than to introduce ffmpeg-python
 106 into Debian.  I decided to place these packages under the umbrella of
 107 <a href="https://salsa.debian.org/deeplearning-team">the Debian Deep
 108 Learning Team</a>, which seem like the best team to look after such
 109 packages.  Discussing the topic within the group also made me aware
 110 that the triton package was already a future dependency of newer
 111 versions of the torch package being planned, and would be needed after
 112 Bookworm is released.</p>
 113
 114 <p>All required code packages have been now waiting in
 115 <a href="https://ftp-master.debian.org/new.html">the Debian NEW
 116 queue</a> since Wednesday, heading for Debian Experimental until
 117 Bookworm is released.  An unsolved issue is how to handle the neural
 118 network models used by Whisper.  The default behaviour of Whisper is
 119 to require Internet connectivity and download the model requested to
 120 <tt>~/.cache/whisper/</tt> on first invocation.  This obviously would
 121 fail <a href="https://people.debian.org/~bap/dfsg-faq.html">the
 122 deserted island test of free software</a> as the Debian packages would
 123 be unusable for someone stranded with only the Debian archive and solar
 124 powered computer on a deserted island.</p>
 125
 126 <p>Because of this, I would love to include the models in the Debian
 127 mirror system.  This is problematic, as the models are very large
 128 files, which would put a heavy strain on the Debian mirror
 129 infrastructure around the globe.  The strain would be even higher if
 130 the models change often, which luckily as far as I can tell they do
 131 not.  The small model, which according to its creator is most useful
 132 for English and in my experience is not doing a great job there
 133 either, is 462 MiB (deb is 414 MiB).  The medium model, which to me
 134 seem to handle English speech fairly well is 1.5 GiB (deb is 1.3 GiB)
 135 and the large model is 2.9 GiB (deb is 2.6 GiB).  I would assume
 136 everyone with enough resources would prefer to use the large model for
 137 highest quality.  I believe the models themselves would have to go
 138 into the non-free part of the Debian archive, as they are not really
 139 including any useful source code for updating the models.  The
 140 "source", aka the model training set, according to the creators
 141 consist of "680,000 hours of multilingual and multitask supervised
 142 data collected from the web", which to me reads material with both
 143 unknown copyright terms, unavailable to the general public.  In other
 144 words, the source is not available according to the Debian Free
 145 Software Guidelines and the model should be considered non-free.</p>
 146
 147 <p>I asked the Debian FTP masters for advice regarding uploading a
 148 model package on their IRC channel, and based on the feedback there it
 149 is still unclear to me if such package would be accepted into the
 150 archive.  In any case I wrote build rules for a
 151 <a href="https://salsa.debian.org/deeplearning-team/openai-whisper-model">OpenAI
 152 Whisper model package</a> and
 153 <a href="https://github.com/openai/whisper/pull/1257">modified the
 154 Whisper code base</a> to prefer shared files under <tt>/usr/</tt> and
 155 <tt>/var/</tt> over user specific files in <tt>~/.cache/whisper/</tt>
 156 to be able to use these model packages, to prepare for such
 157 possibility.  One solution might be to include only one of the models
 158 (small or medium, I guess) in the Debian archive, and ask people to
 159 download the others from the Internet.  Not quite sure what to do
 160 here, and advice is most welcome (use the debian-ai mailing list).</p>
 161
 162 <p>To make it easier to test the new packages while I wait for them to
 163 clear the NEW queue, I created an APT source targeting bookworm.  I
 164 selected Bookworm instead of Bullseye, even though I know the latter
 165 would reach more users, is that some of the required dependencies are
 166 missing from Bullseye and I during this phase of testing did not want
 167 to backport a lot of packages just to get up and running.</p>
 168
 169 <p>Here is a recipe to run as user root if you want to test OpenAI
 170 Whisper using Debian packages on your Debian Bookworm installation,
 171 first adding the APT repository GPG key to the list of trusted keys,
 172 then setting up the APT repository and finally installing the packages
 173 and one of the models:</p>
 174
 175 <p><pre>
 176 curl https://geekbay.nuug.no/~pere/openai-whisper/D78F5C4796F353D211B119E28200D9B589641240.asc \
 177   -o /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/pere-whisper.asc
 178 mkdir -p /etc/apt/sources.list.d
 179 cat > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/pere-whisper.list &lt;&lt;EOF
 180 deb https://geekbay.nuug.no/~pere/openai-whisper/ bookworm main
 181 deb-src https://geekbay.nuug.no/~pere/openai-whisper/ bookworm main
 182 EOF
 183 apt update
 184 apt install openai-whisper
 185 </pre></p>
 186
 187 <p>The package work for me, but have not yet been tested on any other
 188 computer than my own.  With it, I have been able to (badly) transcribe
 189 a 2 minute 40 second Norwegian audio clip to test using the small
 190 model.  This took 11 minutes and around 2.2 GiB of RAM.  Transcribing
 191 the same file with the medium model gave a accurate text in 77 minutes
 192 using around 5.2 GiB of RAM.  My test machine had too little memory to
 193 test the large model, which I believe require 11 GiB of RAM.  In
 194 short, this now work for me using Debian packages, and I hope it will
 195 for you and everyone else once the packages enter Debian.</p>
 196
 197 <p>Now I can start on the audio recording part of this project.</p>
 198
 199 <p>As usual, if you use Bitcoin and want to show your support of my
 200 activities, please send Bitcoin donations to my address
 201 <b><a href="bitcoin:15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b">15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b</a></b>.</p>
 202 </div>
 203       <div class="tags">
 204
 205
 206         Tags: <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/multimedia">multimedia</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/video">video</a>.
 207
 208
 209       </div>
 210     </div>
 211     <div class="padding"></div>
 212
 213     <div class="entry">
 214       <div class="title"><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/rtlsdr_scanner__software_defined_radio_frequency_scanner_for_Linux____nice_free_software.html">rtlsdr-scanner, software defined radio frequency scanner for Linux  - nice free software</a></div>
 215       <div class="date"> 7th April 2023</div>
 216       <div class="body"><p>Today I finally found time to track down a useful radio frequency
 217 scanner for my software defined radio.  Just for fun I tried to locate
 218 the radios used in the areas, and a good start would be to scan all
 219 the frequencies to see what is in use.  I've tried to find a useful
 220 program earlier, but ran out of time before I managed to find a useful
 221 tool.  This time I was more successful, and after a few false leads I
 222 found a description of
 223 <a href="https://www.kali.org/tools/rtlsdr-scanner/">rtlsdr-scanner
 224 over at the Kali site</a>, and was able to track down
 225 <a href="https://gitlab.com/kalilinux/packages/rtlsdr-scanner.git">the
 226 Kali package git repository</a> to build a deb package for the
 227 scanner.  Sadly the package is missing from the Debian project itself,
 228 at least in Debian Bullseye.  Two runtime dependencies,
 229 <a href="https://gitlab.com/kalilinux/packages/python-visvis.git">python-visvis</a>
 230 and
 231 <a href="https://gitlab.com/kalilinux/packages/python-rtlsdr.git">python-rtlsdr</a>
 232 had to be built and installed separately.  Luckily '<tt>gbp
 233 buildpackage</tt>' handled them just fine and no further packages had
 234 to be manually built.  The end result worked out of the box after
 235 installation.</p>
 236
 237 <p>My initial scans for FM channels worked just fine, so I knew the
 238 scanner was functioning.  But when I tried to scan every frequency
 239 from 100 to 1000 MHz, the program stopped unexpectedly near the
 240 completion.  After some debugging I discovered USB software radio I
 241 used rejected frequencies above 948 MHz, triggering a unreported
 242 exception breaking the scan.  Changing the scan to end at 957 worked
 243 better.  I similarly found the lower limit to be around 15, and ended
 244 up with the following full scan:</p>
 245
 246 <p><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2023-04-07-radio-freq-scanning.png"><img src="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2023-04-07-radio-freq-scanning.png" width="100%"></a></p>
 247
 248 <p>Saving the scan did not work, but exporting it as a CSV file worked
 249 just fine.  I ended up with around 477k CVS lines with dB level for
 250 the given frequency.</p>
 251
 252 <p>The save failure seem to be a missing UTF-8 encoding issue in the
 253 python code.  Will see if I can find time to send a patch
 254 <a href="https://github.com/CdeMills/RTLSDR-Scanner/">upstream</a>
 255 later to fix this exception:</p>
 256
 257 <pre>
 258 Traceback (most recent call last):
 259   File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/rtlsdr_scanner/main_window.py", line 485, in __on_save
 260     save_plot(fullName, self.scanInfo, self.spectrum, self.locations)
 261   File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/rtlsdr_scanner/file.py", line 408, in save_plot
 262     handle.write(json.dumps(data, indent=4))
 263 TypeError: a bytes-like object is required, not 'str'
 264 Traceback (most recent call last):
 265   File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/rtlsdr_scanner/main_window.py", line 485, in __on_save
 266     save_plot(fullName, self.scanInfo, self.spectrum, self.locations)
 267   File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/rtlsdr_scanner/file.py", line 408, in save_plot
 268     handle.write(json.dumps(data, indent=4))
 269 TypeError: a bytes-like object is required, not 'str'
 270 </pre>
 271
 272 <p>As usual, if you use Bitcoin and want to show your support of my
 273 activities, please send Bitcoin donations to my address
 274 <b><a href="bitcoin:15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b">15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b</a></b>.</p>
 275 </div>
 276       <div class="tags">
 277
 278
 279         Tags: <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/nice free software">nice free software</a>.
 280
 281
 282       </div>
 283     </div>
 284     <div class="padding"></div>
 285
 286     <div class="entry">
 287       <div class="title"><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/OpenSnitch_available_in_Debian_Sid_and_Bookworm.html">OpenSnitch available in Debian Sid and Bookworm</a></div>
 288       <div class="date">25th February 2023</div>
 289       <div class="body"><p>Thanks to the efforts of the OpenSnitch lead developer Gustavo
 290 Iñiguez Goya allowing me to sponsor the upload,
 291 <a href="https://tracker.debian.org/pkg/opensnitch">the interactive
 292 application firewall OpenSnitch</a> is now available in Debian
 293 Testing, soon to become the next stable release of Debian.</p>
 294
 295 <p>This is a package which set up a network firewall on one or more
 296 machines, which is controlled by a graphical user interface that will
 297 ask the user if a program should be allowed to connect to the local
 298 network or the Internet.  If some background daemon is trying to dial
 299 home, it can be blocked from doing so with a simple mouse click, or by
 300 default simply by not doing anything when the GUI question dialog pop
 301 up.  A list of all programs discovered using the network is provided
 302 in the GUI, giving the user an overview of how the machine(s) programs
 303 use the network.</p>
 304
 305 <p>OpenSnitch was uploaded for NEW processing about a month ago, and I
 306 had little hope of it getting accepted and shaping up in time for the
 307 package freeze, but the Debian ftpmasters proved to be amazingly quick
 308 at checking out the package and it was accepted into the archive about
 309 week after the first upload.  It is now team maintained under the Go
 310 language team umbrella.  A few fixes to the default setup is only in
 311 Sid, and should migrate to Testing/Bookworm in a week.</p>
 312
 313 <p>During testing I ran into an
 314 <a href="https://github.com/evilsocket/opensnitch/issues/813">issue
 315 with Minecraft server broadcasts disappearing</a>, which was quickly
 316 resolved by the developer with a patch and a proposed configuration
 317 change.  I've been told this was caused by the Debian packages default
 318 use if /proc/ information to track down kernel status, instead of the
 319 newer eBPF module that can be used.  The reason is simply that
 320 upstream and I have failed to find a way to build the eBPF modules for
 321 OpenSnitch without a complete configured Linux kernel source tree,
 322 which as far as we can tell is unavailable as a build dependency in
 323 Debian.  We tried unsuccessfully so far to use the kernel-headers
 324 package.  It would be great if someone could provide some clues how to
 325 build eBPF modules on build daemons in Debian, possibly without the full
 326 kernel source.</p>
 327
 328 <p>As usual, if you use Bitcoin and want to show your support of my
 329 activities, please send Bitcoin donations to my address
 330 <b><a href="bitcoin:15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b">15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b</a></b>.</p>
 331 </div>
 332       <div class="tags">
 333
 334
 335         Tags: <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/opensnitch">opensnitch</a>.
 336
 337
 338       </div>
 339     </div>
 340     <div class="padding"></div>
 341
 342     <div class="entry">
 343       <div class="title"><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Is_the_desktop_recommending_your_program_for_opening_its_files_.html">Is the desktop recommending your program for opening its files?</a></div>
 344       <div class="date">29th January 2023</div>
 345       <div class="body"><p>Linux desktop systems
 346 <a href="https://specifications.freedesktop.org/basedir-spec/basedir-spec-latest.html">have
 347 standardized</a> how programs present themselves to the desktop
 348 system.  If a package include a .desktop file in
 349 /usr/share/applications/, Gnome, KDE, LXDE, Xfce and the other desktop
 350 environments will pick up the file and use its content to generate the
 351 menu of available programs in the system.  A lesser known fact is that
 352 a package can also explain to the desktop system how to recognize the
 353 files created by the program in question, and use it to open these
 354 files on request, for example via a GUI file browser.</p>
 355
 356 <p>A while back I ran into a package that did not tell the desktop
 357 system how to recognize its files and was not used to open its files
 358 in the file browser and fixed it.  In the process I wrote a simple
 359 debian/tests/ script to ensure the setup keep working.  It might be
 360 useful for other packages too, to ensure any future version of the
 361 package keep handling its own files.</p>
 362
 363 <p>For this to work the file format need a useful MIME type that can
 364 be used to identify the format.  If the file format do not yet have a
 365 MIME type, it should define one and preferably also
 366 <a href="https://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/media-types.xhtml">register
 367 it with IANA</a> to ensure the MIME type string is reserved.</p>
 368
 369 <p>The script uses the <tt>xdg-mime</tt> program from xdg-utils to
 370 query the database of standardized package information and ensure it
 371 return sensible values.  It also need the location of an example file
 372 for xdg-mime to guess the format of.</p>
 373
 374 <pre>
 375 #!/bin/sh
 376 #
 377 # Author: Petter Reinholdtsen
 378 # License: GPL v2 or later at your choice.
 379 #
 380 # Validate the MIME setup, making sure motor types have
 381 # application/vnd.openmotor+yaml associated with them and is connected
 382 # to the openmotor desktop file.
 383
 384 retval=0
 385
 386 mimetype="application/vnd.openmotor+yaml"
 387 testfile="test/data/real/o3100/motor.ric"
 388 mydesktopfile="openmotor.desktop"
 389
 390 filemime="$(xdg-mime query filetype "$testfile")"
 391
 392 if [ "$mimetype" != "$filemime" ] ; then
 393     retval=1
 394     echo "error: xdg-mime claim motor file MIME type is $filemine, not $mimetype"
 395 else
 396     echo "success: xdg-mime report correct mime type $mimetype for motor file"
 397 fi
 398
 399 desktop=$(xdg-mime query default "$mimetype")
 400
 401 if [ "$mydesktopfile" != "$desktop" ]; then
 402     retval=1
 403     echo "error: xdg-mime claim motor file should be handled by $desktop, not $mydesktopfile"
 404 else
 405     echo "success: xdg-mime agree motor file should be handled by $mydesktopfile"
 406 fi
 407
 408 exit $retval
 409 </pre>
 410
 411 <p>It is a simple way to ensure your users are not very surprised when
 412 they try to open one of your file formats in their file browser.</p>
 413
 414 <p>As usual, if you use Bitcoin and want to show your support of my
 415 activities, please send Bitcoin donations to my address
 416 <b><a href="bitcoin:15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b">15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b</a></b>.</p>
 417 </div>
 418       <div class="tags">
 419
 420
 421         Tags: <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
 422
 423
 424       </div>
 425     </div>
 426     <div class="padding"></div>
 427
 428     <div class="entry">
 429       <div class="title"><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Opensnitch__the_application_level_interactive_firewall__heading_into_the_Debian_archive.html">Opensnitch, the application level interactive firewall, heading into the Debian archive</a></div>
 430       <div class="date">22nd January 2023</div>
 431       <div class="body"><p>While reading a
 432 <a href="https://sneak.berlin/20230115/macos-scans-your-local-files-now/">blog
 433 post claiming MacOS X recently started scanning local files and
 434 reporting information about them to Apple</a>, even on a machine where
 435 all such callback features had been disabled, I came across a
 436 description of the Little Snitch application for MacOS X.  It seemed
 437 like a very nice tool to have in the tool box, and I decided to see if
 438 something similar was available for Linux.</p>
 439
 440 <p>It did not take long to find
 441 <a href="https://github.com/evilsocket/opensnitch">the OpenSnitch
 442 package</a>, which has been in development since 2017, and now is in
 443 version 1.5.0.  It has had a
 444 <a href="https://bugs.debian.org/909567">request for Debian
 445 packaging</a> since 2018, but no-one completed the job so far.  Just
 446 for fun, I decided to see if I could help, and I was very happy to
 447 discover that
 448 <a href="https://github.com/evilsocket/opensnitch/issues/304">upstream
 449 want a Debian package too</a>.</p>
 450
 451 <p>After struggling a bit with getting the program to run, figuring
 452 out building Go programs (and a little failed detour to look at eBPF
 453 builds too - help needed), I am very happy to report that I am
 454 sponsoring upstream to maintain the package in Debian, and it has
 455 since this morning been waiting in NEW for the ftpmasters to have a
 456 look.  Perhaps it can get into the archive in time for the Bookworm
 457 release?</p>
 458
 459 <p>As usual, if you use Bitcoin and want to show your support of my
 460 activities, please send Bitcoin donations to my address
 461 <b><a href="bitcoin:15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b">15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b</a></b>.</p>
 462 </div>
 463       <div class="tags">
 464
 465
 466         Tags: <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/opensnitch">opensnitch</a>.
 467
 468
 469       </div>
 470     </div>
 471     <div class="padding"></div>
 472
 473     <div class="entry">
 474       <div class="title"><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/LinuxCNC_MQTT_publisher_component.html">LinuxCNC MQTT publisher component</a></div>
 475       <div class="date"> 8th January 2023</div>
 476       <div class="body"><p>I watched <a href="https://yewtu.be/watch?v=jmKUV3aNLjk">a 2015
 477 video from Andreas Schiffler</a> the other day, where he set up
 478 <a href="https://linuxcnc.org/">LinuxCNC</a> to send status
 479 information to the MQTT broker IBM Bluemix.  As I also use MQTT for
 480 graphing, it occured to me that a generic MQTT LinuxCNC component
 481 would be useful and I set out to implement it.  Today I got the first
 482 draft limping along and submitted as
 483 <a href="https://github.com/LinuxCNC/linuxcnc/pull/2253">a patch to the
 484 LinuxCNC project</a>.</p>
 485
 486 <p>The simple part was setting up the MQTT publishing code in Python.
 487 I already have set up other parts submitting data to my Mosquito MQTT
 488 broker, so I could reuse that code.  Writing a LinuxCNC component in
 489 Python as new to me, but using existing examples in the code
 490 repository and the extensive documentation, this was fairly straight
 491 forward.  The hardest part was creating a automated test for the
 492 component to ensure it was working.  Testing it in a simulated
 493 LinuxCNC machine proved very useful, as I discovered features I needed
 494 that I had not thought of yet, and adjusted the code quite a bit to
 495 make it easier to test without a operational MQTT broker
 496 available.</p>
 497
 498 <p>The draft is ready and working, but I am unsure which LinuxCNC HAL
 499 pins I should collect and publish by default (in other words, the
 500 default set of information pieces published), and how to get the
 501 machine name from the LinuxCNC INI file.  The latter is a minor
 502 detail, but I expect it would be useful in a setup with several
 503 machines available.  I am hoping for feedback from the experienced
 504 LinuxCNC developers and users, to make the component even better
 505 before it can go into the mainland LinuxCNC code base.</p>
 506
 507 <p>Since I started on the MQTT component, I came across
 508 <a href="https://yewtu.be/watch?v=Bqa2grG0XtA">another video from Kent
 509 VanderVelden</a> where he combine LinuxCNC with a set of screen glasses
 510 controlled by a Raspberry Pi, and it occured to me that it would
 511 be useful for such use cases if LinuxCNC also provided a REST API for
 512 querying its status.  I hope to start on such component once the MQTT
 513 component is working well.</p>
 514
 515 <p>As usual, if you use Bitcoin and want to show your support of my
 516 activities, please send Bitcoin donations to my address
 517 <b><a href="bitcoin:15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b">15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b</a></b>.</p>
 518 </div>
 519       <div class="tags">
 520
 521
 522         Tags: <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/linuxcnc">linuxcnc</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/robot">robot</a>.
 523
 524
 525       </div>
 526     </div>
 527     <div class="padding"></div>
 528
 529     <div class="entry">
 530       <div class="title"><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/ONVIF_IP_camera_management_tool_finally_in_Debian.html">ONVIF IP camera management tool finally in Debian</a></div>
 531       <div class="date">24th December 2022</div>
 532       <div class="body"><p>Merry Christmas to you all.  Here is a small gift to all those with
 533 IP cameras following the <a href="https://www.onvif.org/">ONVIF
 534 specification</a>.  There is finally a nice command line and GUI tool
 535 in Debian to manage ONVIF IP cameras.  After working with upstream for
 536 a few months and sponsoring the upload, I am very happy to report that
 537 the <a href="https://tracker.debian.org/libonvif">libonvif package</a>
 538 entered Debian Sid last night.</p>
 539
 540 <p>The package provide a C library to communicate with such cameras, a
 541 command line tool to locate and update settings of (like password) the
 542 cameras and a GUI tool to configure and control the units as well as
 543 preview the video from the camera.  Libonvif is available on Both
 544 Linux and Windows and the GUI tool uses the Qt library.  The main
 545 competitors are non-free software, while libonvif is GNU GPL licensed.
 546 I am very glad Debian users in the future can control their cameras
 547 using a free software system provided by Debian.  But the ONVIF world
 548 is full of slightly broken firmware, where the cameras pretend to
 549 follow the ONVIF specification but fail to set some configuration
 550 values or refuse to provide video to more than one recipient at the
 551 time, and the onvif project is quite young and might take a while
 552 before it completely work with your camera.  Upstream seem eager to
 553 improve the library, so handling any broken camera might be just <a
 554 href="https://github.com/sr99622/libonvif/">a bug report away</a>.</p>
 555
 556 <p>The package just cleared NEW, and need a new source only upload
 557 before it can enter testing.  This will happen in the next few
 558 days.</p>
 559
 560 <p>As usual, if you use Bitcoin and want to show your support of my
 561 activities, please send Bitcoin donations to my address
 562 <b><a href="bitcoin:15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b">15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b</a></b>.</p>
 563 </div>
 564       <div class="tags">
 565
 566
 567         Tags: <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/multimedia">multimedia</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/standard">standard</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/surveillance">surveillance</a>.
 568
 569
 570       </div>
 571     </div>
 572     <div class="padding"></div>
 573
 574     <div class="entry">
 575       <div class="title"><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Managing_and_using_ONVIF_IP_cameras_with_Linux.html">Managing and using ONVIF IP cameras with Linux</a></div>
 576       <div class="date">19th October 2022</div>
 577       <div class="body"><p>Recently I have been looking at how to control and collect data
 578 from a handful IP cameras using Linux.  I both wanted to change their
 579 settings and to make their imagery available via a free software
 580 service under my control.  Here is a summary of the tools I found.</p>
 581
 582 <p>First I had to identify the cameras and their protocols.  As far as
 583 I could tell, they were using some SOAP looking protocol and their
 584 internal web server seem to only work with Microsoft Internet Explorer
 585 with some proprietary binary plugin, which in these days of course is
 586 a security disaster and also made it impossible for me to use the
 587 camera web interface.  Luckily I discovered that the SOAP looking
 588 protocol is actually following <a href="https://www.onvif.org/">the
 589 ONVIF specification</a>, which seem to be supported by a lot of IP
 590 cameras these days.</p>
 591
 592 <p>Once the protocol was identified, I was able to find what appear to
 593 be the most popular way to configure ONVIF cameras, the free software
 594 Windows tool named
 595 <a href="https://sourceforge.net/projects/onvifdm/">ONVIF Device
 596 Manager</a>.  Lacking any other options at the time, I tried
 597 unsuccessfully to get it running using Wine, but was missing a dotnet
 598 40 library and I found no way around it to run it on Linux.</p>
 599
 600 <p>The next tool I found to configure the cameras were a non-free Linux Qt
 601 client <a href="https://www.lingodigit.com/onvif_nvcdemo.html">ONVIF
 602 Device Tool</a>.  I did not like its terms of use, so did not spend
 603 much time on it.</p>
 604
 605 <p>To collect the video and make it available in a web interface, I
 606 found the Zoneminder tool in Debian.  A recent version was able to
 607 automatically detect and configure ONVIF devices, so I could use it to
 608 set up motion detection in and collection of the camera output.  I had
 609 initial problems getting the ONVIF autodetection to work, as both
 610 Firefox and Chromium <a href="https://bugs.debian.org/1001188">refused
 611 the inter-tab communication</a> being used by the Zoneminder web
 612 pages, but managed to get konqueror to work.  Apparently the "Enhanced
 613 Tracking Protection" in Firefox cause the problem.  I ended up
 614 upgrading to the Bookworm edition of Zoneminder in the process to try
 615 to fix the issue, and believe the problem might be solved now.</p>
 616
 617 <p>In the process I came across the nice Linux GUI tool
 618 <a href="https://gitlab.com/caspermeijn/onvifviewer/">ONVIF Viewer</a>
 619 allowing me to preview the camera output and validate the login
 620 passwords required.  Sadly its author has grown tired of maintaining
 621 the software, so it might not see any future updates.  Which is sad,
 622 as the viewer is sightly unstable and the picture tend to lock up.
 623 Note, this lockup might be due to limitations in the cameras and not
 624 the viewer implementation.  I suspect the camera is only able to
 625 provide pictures to one client at the time, and the Zoneminder feed
 626 might interfere with the GUI viewer.  I have
 627 <a href="https://bugs.debian.org/1000820">asked for the tool to be
 628 included in Debian</a>.</p>
 629
 630 <p>Finally, I found what appear to be very nice Linux free software
 631 replacement for the Windows tool, named
 632 <a href="https://github.com/sr99622/libonvif/">libonvif</a>.  It
 633 provide a C library to talk to ONVIF devices as well as a command line
 634 and GUI tool using the library.  Using the GUI tool I was able to change
 635 the admin passwords and update other settings of the cameras.  I have
 636 <a href="https://bugs.debian.org/1021980">asked for the package to be
 637 included in Debian</a>.</p>
 638
 639 <p>As usual, if you use Bitcoin and want to show your support of my
 640 activities, please send Bitcoin donations to my address
 641 <b><a href="bitcoin:15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b">15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b</a></b>.</p>
 642
 643 <p><strong>Update 2022-10-20</strong>: Since my initial publication of
 644 this text, I got several suggestions for more free software Linux
 645 tools.  There is <a href="https://github.com/quatanium/python-onvif">a
 646 ONVIF python library</a> (already
 647 <a href="https://bugs.debian.org/824240">requested into Debian</a>) and
 648 <a href="https://github.com/FalkTannhaeuser/python-onvif-zeep">a python 3
 649 fork</a> using a different SOAP dependency.  There is also
 650 <a href="https://www.home-assistant.io/integrations/onvif/">support for
 651 ONVIF in Home Assistant</a>, and there is an alternative to Zoneminder
 652 called <a href="https://www.shinobi.video/">Shinobi</a>.  The latter
 653 two are not included in Debian either.  I have not tested any of these
 654 so far.</p>
 655 </div>
 656       <div class="tags">
 657
 658
 659         Tags: <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/multimedia">multimedia</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/standard">standard</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/surveillance">surveillance</a>.
 660
 661
 662       </div>
 663     </div>
 664     <div class="padding"></div>
 665
 666     <div class="entry">
 667       <div class="title"><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Time_to_translate_the_Bullseye_edition_of_the_Debian_Administrator_s_Handbook.html">Time to translate the Bullseye edition of the Debian Administrator's Handbook</a></div>
 668       <div class="date">12th September 2022</div>
 669       <div class="body"><p align="center"><img align="center" src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2020-10-20-debian-handbook-nb-testprint.jpeg" width="60%"/></p>
 670
 671 <p>(The picture is of the previous edition.)</p>
 672
 673 <p>Almost two years after the previous Norwegian Bokmål translation of
 674 the "<a href="https://debian-handbook.info/">The Debian Administrator's
 675 Handbook</a>" was published, a new edition is finally being prepared.  The
 676 english text is updated, and it is time to start working on the
 677 translations.  Around 37 percent of the strings have been updated, one
 678 way or another, and the translations starting from a complete Debian Buster
 679 edition now need to bring their translation up from 63% to 100%.  The
 680 complete book is licensed using a Creative Commons license, and has
 681 been published in several languages over the years.  The translations
 682 are done by volunteers to bring Linux in their native tongue.  The
 683 last time I checked, it complete text was available in English,
 684 Norwegian Bokmål, German, Indonesian, Brazil Portuguese and Spanish.
 685 In addition, work has been started for Arabic (Morocco), Catalan,
 686 Chinese (Simplified), Chinese (Traditional), Croatian, Czech, Danish,
 687 Dutch, French, Greek, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Persian, Polish,
 688 Romanian, Russian, Swedish, Turkish and Vietnamese.</p>
 689
 690 <p>The translation is conducted on
 691 <a href="https://hosted.weblate.org/projects/debian-handbook/">the
 692 hosted weblate project page</a>.  Prospective translators are
 693 recommeded to subscribe to
 694 <a href="http://lists.alioth.debian.org/mailman/listinfo/debian-handbook-translators">the
 695 translators mailing list</a> and should also check out
 696 <a href="https://debian-handbook.info/contribute/">the instructions for
 697 contributors</a>.</p>
 698
 699 <p>I am one of the Norwegian Bokmål translators of this book, and we
 700 have just started.  Your contribution is most welcome.</p>
 701
 702 <p>As usual, if you use Bitcoin and want to show your support of my
 703 activities, please send Bitcoin donations to my address
 704 <b><a href="bitcoin:15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b">15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b</a></b>.</p>
 705 </div>
 706       <div class="tags">
 707
 708
 709         Tags: <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian-handbook">debian-handbook</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
 710
 711
 712       </div>
 713     </div>
 714     <div class="padding"></div>
 715
 716     <p style="text-align: right;"><a href="index.rss"><img src="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/xml.gif" alt="RSS feed" width="36" height="14" /></a></p>
 717     <div id="sidebar">
 718
 719
 720
 721 <h2>Archive</h2>
 722 <ul>
 723
 724 <li>2023
 725 <ul>
 726
 727 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2023/01/">January (3)</a></li>
 728
 729 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2023/02/">February (1)</a></li>
 730
 731 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2023/04/">April (2)</a></li>
 732
 733 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2023/05/">May (1)</a></li>
 734
 735 </ul></li>
 736
 737 <li>2022
 738 <ul>
 739
 740 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2022/02/">February (1)</a></li>
 741
 742 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2022/03/">March (3)</a></li>
 743
 744 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2022/04/">April (2)</a></li>
 745
 746 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2022/06/">June (2)</a></li>
 747
 748 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2022/07/">July (1)</a></li>
 749
 750 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2022/09/">September (1)</a></li>
 751
 752 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2022/10/">October (1)</a></li>
 753
 754 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2022/12/">December (1)</a></li>
 755
 756 </ul></li>
 757
 758 <li>2021
 759 <ul>
 760
 761 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2021/01/">January (2)</a></li>
 762
 763 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2021/02/">February (1)</a></li>
 764
 765 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2021/05/">May (1)</a></li>
 766
 767 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2021/06/">June (1)</a></li>
 768
 769 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2021/07/">July (3)</a></li>
 770
 771 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2021/08/">August (1)</a></li>
 772
 773 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2021/09/">September (1)</a></li>
 774
 775 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2021/10/">October (1)</a></li>
 776
 777 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2021/12/">December (1)</a></li>
 778
 779 </ul></li>
 780
 781 <li>2020
 782 <ul>
 783
 784 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2020/02/">February (2)</a></li>
 785
 786 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2020/03/">March (2)</a></li>
 787
 788 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2020/04/">April (2)</a></li>
 789
 790 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2020/05/">May (3)</a></li>
 791
 792 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2020/06/">June (2)</a></li>
 793
 794 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2020/07/">July (1)</a></li>
 795
 796 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2020/09/">September (1)</a></li>
 797
 798 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2020/10/">October (1)</a></li>
 799
 800 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2020/11/">November (1)</a></li>
 801
 802 </ul></li>
 803
 804 <li>2019
 805 <ul>
 806
 807 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/01/">January (4)</a></li>
 808
 809 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/02/">February (3)</a></li>
 810
 811 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/03/">March (3)</a></li>
 812
 813 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/05/">May (2)</a></li>
 814
 815 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/06/">June (5)</a></li>
 816
 817 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/07/">July (2)</a></li>
 818
 819 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/08/">August (1)</a></li>
 820
 821 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/09/">September (1)</a></li>
 822
 823 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/11/">November (1)</a></li>
 824
 825 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/12/">December (4)</a></li>
 826
 827 </ul></li>
 828
 829 <li>2018
 830 <ul>
 831
 832 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/01/">January (1)</a></li>
 833
 834 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/02/">February (5)</a></li>
 835
 836 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/03/">March (5)</a></li>
 837
 838 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/04/">April (3)</a></li>
 839
 840 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/06/">June (2)</a></li>
 841
 842 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/07/">July (5)</a></li>
 843
 844 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/08/">August (3)</a></li>
 845
 846 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/09/">September (3)</a></li>
 847
 848 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/10/">October (5)</a></li>
 849
 850 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/11/">November (2)</a></li>
 851
 852 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/12/">December (4)</a></li>
 853
 854 </ul></li>
 855
 856 <li>2017
 857 <ul>
 858
 859 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/01/">January (4)</a></li>
 860
 861 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/02/">February (3)</a></li>
 862
 863 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/03/">March (5)</a></li>
 864
 865 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/04/">April (2)</a></li>
 866
 867 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/06/">June (5)</a></li>
 868
 869 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/07/">July (1)</a></li>
 870
 871 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/08/">August (1)</a></li>
 872
 873 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/09/">September (3)</a></li>
 874
 875 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/10/">October (5)</a></li>
 876
 877 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/11/">November (3)</a></li>
 878
 879 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/12/">December (4)</a></li>
 880
 881 </ul></li>
 882
 883 <li>2016
 884 <ul>
 885
 886 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/01/">January (3)</a></li>
 887
 888 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/02/">February (2)</a></li>
 889
 890 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/03/">March (3)</a></li>
 891
 892 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/04/">April (8)</a></li>
 893
 894 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/05/">May (8)</a></li>
 895
 896 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/06/">June (2)</a></li>
 897
 898 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/07/">July (2)</a></li>
 899
 900 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/08/">August (5)</a></li>
 901
 902 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/09/">September (2)</a></li>
 903
 904 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/10/">October (3)</a></li>
 905
 906 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/11/">November (8)</a></li>
 907
 908 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/12/">December (5)</a></li>
 909
 910 </ul></li>
 911
 912 <li>2015
 913 <ul>
 914
 915 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/01/">January (7)</a></li>
 916
 917 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/02/">February (6)</a></li>
 918
 919 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/03/">March (1)</a></li>
 920
 921 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/04/">April (4)</a></li>
 922
 923 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/05/">May (3)</a></li>
 924
 925 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/06/">June (4)</a></li>
 926
 927 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/07/">July (6)</a></li>
 928
 929 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/08/">August (2)</a></li>
 930
 931 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/09/">September (2)</a></li>
 932
 933 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/10/">October (9)</a></li>
 934
 935 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/11/">November (6)</a></li>
 936
 937 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/12/">December (3)</a></li>
 938
 939 </ul></li>
 940
 941 <li>2014
 942 <ul>
 943
 944 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/01/">January (2)</a></li>
 945
 946 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/02/">February (3)</a></li>
 947
 948 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/03/">March (8)</a></li>
 949
 950 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/04/">April (7)</a></li>
 951
 952 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/05/">May (1)</a></li>
 953
 954 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/06/">June (2)</a></li>
 955
 956 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/07/">July (2)</a></li>
 957
 958 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/08/">August (2)</a></li>
 959
 960 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/09/">September (5)</a></li>
 961
 962 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/10/">October (6)</a></li>
 963
 964 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/11/">November (3)</a></li>
 965
 966 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/12/">December (5)</a></li>
 967
 968 </ul></li>
 969
 970 <li>2013
 971 <ul>
 972
 973 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/01/">January (11)</a></li>
 974
 975 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/02/">February (9)</a></li>
 976
 977 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/03/">March (9)</a></li>
 978
 979 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/04/">April (6)</a></li>
 980
 981 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/05/">May (9)</a></li>
 982
 983 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/06/">June (10)</a></li>
 984
 985 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/07/">July (7)</a></li>
 986
 987 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/08/">August (3)</a></li>
 988
 989 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/09/">September (5)</a></li>
 990
 991 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/10/">October (7)</a></li>
 992
 993 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/11/">November (9)</a></li>
 994
 995 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/12/">December (3)</a></li>
 996
 997 </ul></li>
 998
 999 <li>2012
1000 <ul>
1001
1002 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/01/">January (7)</a></li>
1003
1004 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/02/">February (10)</a></li>
1005
1006 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/03/">March (17)</a></li>
1007
1008 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/04/">April (12)</a></li>
1009
1010 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/05/">May (12)</a></li>
1011
1012 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/06/">June (20)</a></li>
1013
1014 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/07/">July (17)</a></li>
1015
1016 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/08/">August (6)</a></li>
1017
1018 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/09/">September (9)</a></li>
1019
1020 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/10/">October (17)</a></li>
1021
1022 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/11/">November (10)</a></li>
1023
1024 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/12/">December (7)</a></li>
1025
1026 </ul></li>
1027
1028 <li>2011
1029 <ul>
1030
1031 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/01/">January (16)</a></li>
1032
1033 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/02/">February (6)</a></li>
1034
1035 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/03/">March (6)</a></li>
1036
1037 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/04/">April (7)</a></li>
1038
1039 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/05/">May (3)</a></li>
1040
1041 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/06/">June (2)</a></li>
1042
1043 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/07/">July (7)</a></li>
1044
1045 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/08/">August (6)</a></li>
1046
1047 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/09/">September (4)</a></li>
1048
1049 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/10/">October (2)</a></li>
1050
1051 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/11/">November (3)</a></li>
1052
1053 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/12/">December (1)</a></li>
1054
1055 </ul></li>
1056
1057 <li>2010
1058 <ul>
1059
1060 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/01/">January (2)</a></li>
1061
1062 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/02/">February (1)</a></li>
1063
1064 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/03/">March (3)</a></li>
1065
1066 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/04/">April (3)</a></li>
1067
1068 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/05/">May (9)</a></li>
1069
1070 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/06/">June (14)</a></li>
1071
1072 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/07/">July (12)</a></li>
1073
1074 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/08/">August (13)</a></li>
1075
1076 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/09/">September (7)</a></li>
1077
1078 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/10/">October (9)</a></li>
1079
1080 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/11/">November (13)</a></li>
1081
1082 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/12/">December (12)</a></li>
1083
1084 </ul></li>
1085
1086 <li>2009
1087 <ul>
1088
1089 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/01/">January (8)</a></li>
1090
1091 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/02/">February (8)</a></li>
1092
1093 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/03/">March (12)</a></li>
1094
1095 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/04/">April (10)</a></li>
1096
1097 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/05/">May (9)</a></li>
1098
1099 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/06/">June (3)</a></li>
1100
1101 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/07/">July (4)</a></li>
1102
1103 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/08/">August (3)</a></li>
1104
1105 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/09/">September (1)</a></li>
1106
1107 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/10/">October (2)</a></li>
1108
1109 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/11/">November (3)</a></li>
1110
1111 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/12/">December (3)</a></li>
1112
1113 </ul></li>
1114
1115 <li>2008
1116 <ul>
1117
1118 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2008/11/">November (5)</a></li>
1119
1120 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2008/12/">December (7)</a></li>
1121
1122 </ul></li>
1123
1124 </ul>
1125
1126
1127
1128 <h2>Tags</h2>
1129 <ul>
1130
1131  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/3d-printer">3d-printer (19)</a></li>
1132
1133  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/amiga">amiga (1)</a></li>
1134
1135  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/aros">aros (1)</a></li>
1136
1137  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bankid">bankid (4)</a></li>
1138
1139  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/betalkontant">betalkontant (9)</a></li>
1140
1141  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bitcoin">bitcoin (12)</a></li>
1142
1143  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bootsystem">bootsystem (17)</a></li>
1144
1145  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bsa">bsa (2)</a></li>
1146
1147  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/chrpath">chrpath (2)</a></li>
1148
1149  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian (191)</a></li>
1150
1151  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian edu">debian edu (159)</a></li>
1152
1153  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian-handbook">debian-handbook (9)</a></li>
1154
1155  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/digistan">digistan (11)</a></li>
1156
1157  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/dld">dld (18)</a></li>
1158
1159  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/docbook">docbook (30)</a></li>
1160
1161  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/drivstoffpriser">drivstoffpriser (4)</a></li>
1162
1163  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english (447)</a></li>
1164
1165  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/fiksgatami">fiksgatami (23)</a></li>
1166
1167  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/fildeling">fildeling (14)</a></li>
1168
1169  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/freeculture">freeculture (34)</a></li>
1170
1171  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/freedombox">freedombox (9)</a></li>
1172
1173  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/frikanalen">frikanalen (20)</a></li>
1174
1175  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/h264">h264 (20)</a></li>
1176
1177  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/intervju">intervju (43)</a></li>
1178
1179  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/isenkram">isenkram (16)</a></li>
1180
1181  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/kart">kart (23)</a></li>
1182
1183  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/kodi">kodi (4)</a></li>
1184
1185  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ldap">ldap (9)</a></li>
1186
1187  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/lego">lego (5)</a></li>
1188
1189  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/lenker">lenker (8)</a></li>
1190
1191  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/linuxcnc">linuxcnc (4)</a></li>
1192
1193  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/lsdvd">lsdvd (2)</a></li>
1194
1195  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ltsp">ltsp (1)</a></li>
1196
1197  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/madewithcc">madewithcc (3)</a></li>
1198
1199  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/mesh network">mesh network (8)</a></li>
1200
1201  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/multimedia">multimedia (45)</a></li>
1202
1203  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/nice free software">nice free software (14)</a></li>
1204
1205  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/noark5">noark5 (23)</a></li>
1206
1207  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/norsk">norsk (320)</a></li>
1208
1209  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/nuug">nuug (198)</a></li>
1210
1211  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/offentlig innsyn">offentlig innsyn (40)</a></li>
1212
1213  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/open311">open311 (2)</a></li>
1214
1215  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/opensnitch">opensnitch (3)</a></li>
1216
1217  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/opphavsrett">opphavsrett (75)</a></li>
1218
1219  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/personvern">personvern (114)</a></li>
1220
1221  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/raid">raid (2)</a></li>
1222
1223  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/reactos">reactos (1)</a></li>
1224
1225  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/reprap">reprap (11)</a></li>
1226
1227  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/rfid">rfid (3)</a></li>
1228
1229  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/robot">robot (17)</a></li>
1230
1231  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/rss">rss (1)</a></li>
1232
1233  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ruter">ruter (7)</a></li>
1234
1235  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/scraperwiki">scraperwiki (2)</a></li>
1236
1237  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sikkerhet">sikkerhet (59)</a></li>
1238
1239  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sitesummary">sitesummary (4)</a></li>
1240
1241  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/skepsis">skepsis (5)</a></li>
1242
1243  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/standard">standard (74)</a></li>
1244
1245  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/stavekontroll">stavekontroll (7)</a></li>
1246
1247  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/stortinget">stortinget (14)</a></li>
1248
1249  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/surveillance">surveillance (64)</a></li>
1250
1251  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sysadmin">sysadmin (5)</a></li>
1252
1253  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/usenix">usenix (2)</a></li>
1254
1255  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/valg">valg (9)</a></li>
1256
1257  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/verkidetfri">verkidetfri (20)</a></li>
1258
1259  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/video">video (78)</a></li>
1260
1261  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/vitenskap">vitenskap (4)</a></li>
1262
1263  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/web">web (42)</a></li>
1264
1265 </ul>
1266
1267
1268     </div>
1269     <p style="text-align: right">
1270  Created by <a href="http://steve.org.uk/Software/chronicle">Chronicle v4.6</a>
1271 </p>
1272
1273   </body>
1274 </html>