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   6     <title>Petter Reinholdtsen: The many definitions of a open standard</title>
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  14  <h1>
  15      <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/">Petter Reinholdtsen</a>
  16
  17  </h1>
  18
  19 </div>
  20
  21
  22     <div class="entry">
  23       <div class="title">The many definitions of a open standard</div>
  24       <div class="date">27th December 2010</div>
  25       <div class="body"><p>One of the reasons I like the Digistan definition of
  26 "<a href="http://www.digistan.org/open-standard:definition">Free and
  27 Open Standard</a>" is that this is a new term, and thus the meaning of
  28 the term has been decided by Digistan.  The term "Open Standard" has
  29 become so misunderstood that it is no longer very useful when talking
  30 about standards.  One end up discussing which definition is the best
  31 one and with such frame the only one gaining are the proponents of
  32 de-facto standards and proprietary solutions.</p>
  33
  34 <p>But to give us an idea about the diversity of definitions of open
  35 standards, here are a few that I know about.  This list is not
  36 complete, but can be a starting point for those that want to do a
  37 complete survey.  More definitions are available on the
  38 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_standard">wikipedia
  39 page</a>.</p>
  40
  41 <p>First off is my favourite, the definition from the European
  42 Interoperability Framework version 1.0.  Really sad to notice that BSA
  43 and others has succeeded in getting it removed from version 2.0 of the
  44 framework by stacking the committee drafting the new version with
  45 their own people.  Anyway, the definition is still available and it
  46 include the key properties needed to make sure everyone can use a
  47 specification on equal terms.</p>
  48
  49 <blockquote>
  50
  51 <p>The following are the minimal characteristics that a specification
  52 and its attendant documents must have in order to be considered an
  53 open standard:</p>
  54
  55 <ul>
  56
  57 <li>The standard is adopted and will be maintained by a not-for-profit
  58 organisation, and its ongoing development occurs on the basis of an
  59 open decision-making procedure available to all interested parties
  60 (consensus or majority decision etc.).</li>
  61
  62 <li>The standard has been published and the standard specification
  63 document is available either freely or at a nominal charge. It must be
  64 permissible to all to copy, distribute and use it for no fee or at a
  65 nominal fee.</li>
  66
  67 <li>The intellectual property - i.e. patents possibly present - of
  68 (parts of) the standard is made irrevocably available on a royalty-
  69 free basis.</li>
  70
  71 <li>There are no constraints on the re-use of the standard.</li>
  72
  73 </ul>
  74 </blockquote>
  75
  76 <p>Another one originates from my friends over at
  77 <a href="http://www.dkuug.dk/">DKUUG</a>, who coined and gathered
  78 support for <a href="http://www.aaben-standard.dk/">this
  79 definition</a> in 2004.  It even made it into the Danish parlament as
  80 <a href="http://www.ft.dk/dokumenter/tingdok.aspx?/samling/20051/beslutningsforslag/B103/som_fremsat.htm">their
  81 definition of a open standard</a>.  Another from a different part of
  82 the Danish government is available from the wikipedia page.</p>
  83
  84 <blockquote>
  85
  86 <p>En åben standard opfylder følgende krav:</p>
  87
  88 <ol>
  89
  90 <li>Veldokumenteret med den fuldstændige specifikation offentligt
  91 tilgængelig.</li>
  92
  93 <li>Frit implementerbar uden økonomiske, politiske eller juridiske
  94 begrænsninger på implementation og anvendelse.</li>
  95
  96 <li>Standardiseret og vedligeholdt i et åbent forum (en såkaldt
  97 "standardiseringsorganisation") via en åben proces.</li>
  98
  99 </ol>
 100
 101 </blockquote>
 102
 103 <p>Then there is <a href="http://www.fsfe.org/projects/os/def.html">the
 104 definition</a> from Free Software Foundation Europe.</p>
 105
 106 <blockquote>
 107
 108 <p>An Open Standard refers to a format or protocol that is</p>
 109
 110 <ol>
 111
 112 <li>subject to full public assessment and use without constraints in a
 113 manner equally available to all parties;</li>
 114
 115 <li>without any components or extensions that have dependencies on
 116 formats or protocols that do not meet the definition of an Open
 117 Standard themselves;</li>
 118
 119 <li>free from legal or technical clauses that limit its utilisation by
 120 any party or in any business model;</li>
 121
 122 <li>managed and further developed independently of any single vendor
 123 in a process open to the equal participation of competitors and third
 124 parties;</li>
 125
 126 <li>available in multiple complete implementations by competing
 127 vendors, or as a complete implementation equally available to all
 128 parties.</li>
 129
 130 </ol>
 131
 132 </blockquote>
 133
 134 <p>A long time ago, SUN Microsystems, now bought by Oracle, created
 135 its
 136 <a href="http://blogs.sun.com/dennisding/resource/Open%20Standard%20Definition.pdf">Open
 137 Standards Checklist</a> with a fairly detailed description.</p>
 138
 139 <blockquote>
 140 <p>Creation and Management of an Open Standard
 141
 142 <ul>
 143
 144 <li>Its development and management process must be collaborative and
 145   democratic:
 146
 147          <ul>
 148
 149          <li>Participation must be accessible to all those who wish to
 150             participate and can meet fair and reasonable criteria
 151             imposed by the organization under which it is developed
 152             and managed.</li>
 153
 154          <li>The processes must be documented and, through a known
 155             method, can be changed through input from all
 156             participants.</li>
 157
 158          <li>The process must be based on formal and binding commitments for
 159             the disclosure and licensing of intellectual property rights.</li>
 160
 161          <li>Development and management should strive for consensus,
 162             and an appeals process must be clearly outlined.</li>
 163
 164          <li>The standard specification must be open to extensive
 165             public review at least once in its life-cycle, with
 166             comments duly discussed and acted upon, if required.</li>
 167
 168          </ul>
 169
 170 </li>
 171
 172 </ul>
 173
 174 <p>Use and Licensing of an Open Standard</p>
 175 <ul>
 176
 177 <li>The standard must describe an interface, not an implementation,
 178   and the industry must be capable of creating multiple, competing
 179   implementations to the interface described in the standard without
 180   undue or restrictive constraints.  Interfaces include APIs,
 181   protocols, schemas, data formats and their encoding.</li>
 182
 183 <li> The standard must not contain any proprietary "hooks" that create
 184   a technical or economic barriers</li>
 185
 186 <li>Faithful implementations of the standard must
 187   interoperate. Interoperability means the ability of a computer
 188   program to communicate and exchange information with other computer
 189   programs and mutually to use the information which has been
 190   exchanged. This includes the ability to use, convert, or exchange
 191   file formats, protocols, schemas, interface information or
 192   conventions, so as to permit the computer program to work with other
 193   computer programs and users in all the ways in which they are
 194   intended to function.</li>
 195
 196 <li>It must be permissible for anyone to copy, distribute and read the
 197   standard for a nominal fee, or even no fee. If there is a fee, it
 198   must be low enough to not preclude widespread use.</li>
 199
 200 <li>It must be possible for anyone to obtain free (no royalties or
 201   fees; also known as "royalty free"), worldwide, non-exclusive and
 202   perpetual licenses to all essential patent claims to make, use and
 203   sell products based on the standard.  The only exceptions are
 204   terminations per the reciprocity and defensive suspension terms
 205   outlined below. Essential patent claims include pending, unpublished
 206   patents, published patents, and patent applications. The license is
 207   only for the exact scope of the standard in question.
 208
 209       <ul>
 210
 211       <li> May be conditioned only on reciprocal licenses to any of
 212         licensees' patent claims essential to practice that standard
 213         (also known as a reciprocity clause)</li>
 214
 215       <li> May be terminated as to any licensee who sues the licensor
 216         or any other licensee for infringement of patent claims
 217         essential to practice that standard (also known as a
 218         "defensive suspension" clause)</li>
 219
 220       <li> The same licensing terms are available to every potential
 221         licensor</li>
 222
 223       </ul>
 224 </li>
 225
 226 <li>The licensing terms of an open standards must not preclude
 227   implementations of that standard under open source licensing terms
 228   or restricted licensing terms</li>
 229
 230 </ul>
 231
 232 </blockquote>
 233
 234 <p>It is said that one of the nice things about standards is that
 235 there are so many of them.  As you can see, the same holds true for
 236 open standard definitions.  Most of the definitions have a lot in
 237 common, and it is not really controversial what properties a open
 238 standard should have, but the diversity of definitions have made it
 239 possible for those that want to avoid a level marked field and real
 240 competition to downplay the significance of open standards.  I hope we
 241 can turn this tide by focusing on the advantages of Free and Open
 242 Standards.</p>
 243 </div>
 244
 245       <div class="tags">Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/digistan">digistan</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/standard">standard</a>.</div>
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 384
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 386
 387 <li>2010
 388 <ul>
 389
 390 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/01/">January (2)</a></li>
 391
 392 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/02/">February (1)</a></li>
 393
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 395
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 411
 412 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/12/">December (12)</a></li>
 413
 414 </ul></li>
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 416 <li>2009
 417 <ul>
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 420
 421 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/02/">February (8)</a></li>
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 424
 425 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/04/">April (10)</a></li>
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 437 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/10/">October (2)</a></li>
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 440
 441 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/12/">December (3)</a></li>
 442
 443 </ul></li>
 444
 445 <li>2008
 446 <ul>
 447
 448 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2008/11/">November (5)</a></li>
 449
 450 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2008/12/">December (7)</a></li>
 451
 452 </ul></li>
 453
 454 </ul>
 455
 456
 457
 458 <h2>Tags</h2>
 459 <ul>
 460
 461  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/3d-printer">3d-printer (13)</a></li>
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 488
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 490
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 492
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 502
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 504
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 506
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 508
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 510
 511  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/lsdvd">lsdvd (2)</a></li>
 512
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 514
 515  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/mesh network">mesh network (8)</a></li>
 516
 517  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/multimedia">multimedia (32)</a></li>
 518
 519  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/norsk">norsk (260)</a></li>
 520
 521  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/nuug">nuug (175)</a></li>
 522
 523  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/offentlig innsyn">offentlig innsyn (15)</a></li>
 524
 525  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/open311">open311 (2)</a></li>
 526
 527  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/opphavsrett">opphavsrett (51)</a></li>
 528
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 530
 531  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/raid">raid (1)</a></li>
 532
 533  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/reactos">reactos (1)</a></li>
 534
 535  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/reprap">reprap (11)</a></li>
 536
 537  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/rfid">rfid (3)</a></li>
 538
 539  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/robot">robot (9)</a></li>
 540
 541  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/rss">rss (1)</a></li>
 542
 543  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ruter">ruter (4)</a></li>
 544
 545  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/scraperwiki">scraperwiki (2)</a></li>
 546
 547  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sikkerhet">sikkerhet (41)</a></li>
 548
 549  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sitesummary">sitesummary (4)</a></li>
 550
 551  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/skepsis">skepsis (4)</a></li>
 552
 553  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/standard">standard (46)</a></li>
 554
 555  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/stavekontroll">stavekontroll (3)</a></li>
 556
 557  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/stortinget">stortinget (9)</a></li>
 558
 559  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/surveillance">surveillance (30)</a></li>
 560
 561  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sysadmin">sysadmin (2)</a></li>
 562
 563  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/usenix">usenix (2)</a></li>
 564
 565  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/valg">valg (8)</a></li>
 566
 567  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/video">video (50)</a></li>
 568
 569  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/vitenskap">vitenskap (4)</a></li>
 570
 571  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/web">web (35)</a></li>
 572
 573 </ul>
 574
 575
 576     </div>
 577     <p style="text-align: right">
 578  Created by <a href="http://steve.org.uk/Software/chronicle">Chronicle v4.6</a>
 579 </p>
 580
 581   </body>
 582 </html>