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   4                 <title>Petter Reinholdtsen</title>
   5                 <description></description>
   6                 <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/</link>
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   9         <item>
  10                 <title>Blir det virkelig krav om fingeravtrykk i nasjonale ID-kort?</title>
  11                 <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Blir_det_virkelig_krav_om_fingeravtrykk_i_nasjonale_ID_kort_.html</link>
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  13                 <pubDate>Tue, 12 May 2015 11:30:00 +0200</pubDate>
  14                 <description>&lt;p&gt;Noen finner det vanskelig å tro at Stortinget faktisk har vedtatt å
  15 kreve at alle norske borgerne må avgi fingeravtrykk til politiet for å
  16 fungere i samfunnet.  Jeg er blitt spurt hva som er grunnlaget for
  17 &lt;a href=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Norwegian_citizens_now_required_by_law_to_give_their_fingerprint_to_the_police.html&quot;&gt;min
  18 påstand i forrige bloggpost&lt;/a&gt; om at det nå blir krav om å avgi
  19 fingeravtrykk til politiet for å fungere som borger i Norge.  De som
  20 spør klarer ikke lese det ut fra det som er vedtatt.  Her er en liten
  21 oppsummering om hva jeg baserer det på.  Det sies ikke direkte i
  22 hverken proposisjon, innstilling eller vedtak, men fremgår når en ser
  23 på indirekte formuleringer.&lt;/p&gt;
  24
  25 &lt;p&gt;I
  26 &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.regjeringen.no/nb/dokumenter/prop.-66-l-2014-2015/id2399703/&quot;&gt;stortingsproposisjon
  27 66&lt;/a&gt;, avsnitt 6.3.5 (Avgivelse av biometriske personopplysninger)
  28 står det&lt;p&gt;
  29
  30 &lt;p&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;
  31
  32   &lt;p&gt;Departementet foreslår at både ansiktsfoto og fingeravtrykk skal
  33   kunne opptas og lagres som identifikasjonsdata i de nasjonale
  34   ID-kortene, på samme måte som i passene. Lovforslaget er derfor
  35   utformet i tråd med passloven § 6 annet ledd, som fastslår at det
  36   til bruk for senere verifisering eller kontroll av passinnehaverens
  37   identitet kan innhentes og lagres i passet biometrisk
  38   personinformasjon i form av ansiktsfoto og fingeravtrykk (to
  39   fingre). Dagens ordning med lagring av ansiktsfoto og fingeravtrykk
  40   i et kontaktløst smartkort i passet er basert på internasjonale
  41   standarder. Fingeravtrykkene i nasjonalt ID-kort vil bli beskyttet
  42   på samme måte som fingeravtrykkene i passene.&lt;/p&gt;
  43
  44   &lt;p&gt;[...]&lt;/p&gt;
  45
  46   &lt;p&gt;For norske forhold understreker departementet at innføring av
  47   nasjonale ID-kort sammen med innføring av nye systemer for sikrere
  48   utstedelse og kontroll av pass og relaterte dokumenter gir mulighet
  49   til å utforme ordningen slik at den best mulig møter utfordringene
  50   forbundet med identitetskriminalitet. Det tilsier at fingeravtrykk
  51   opptas og lagres i alle nasjonale ID-kort.&lt;/p&gt;
  52 &lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  53
  54 &lt;p&gt;Departementet sier altså at sin anbefaling er at fingeravtrykk skal
  55 opptas og lagres i alle nasjonale ID-kort.  Det skrives som om det
  56 blir valgfritt, på samme måten som det skrives passloven, der det i
  57 loven sier at det kan
  58 «&lt;a href=&quot;https://lovdata.no/dokument/NL/lov/1997-06-19-82#§6&quot;&gt;innhentes
  59 og lagres i passet biometrisk personinformasjon i form av ansiktsfoto
  60 og fingeravtrykk (to fingre)&lt;/a&gt;».  Men på tross av bruken av «kan» i
  61 passloven er det innført krav om å avgi fingeravtrykk for å få et pass
  62 i Norge.  Proposisjonen sier i tillegg i del 1 (Proposisjonens
  63 hovedinnhold) at ID-kortene skal være like pålitelig som pass og ha
  64 samme sikkerhetsnivå som pass.  Departementet foreslår altså at
  65 ID-kortene skal gis etter samme regler som for pass.&lt;/p&gt;
  66
  67 &lt;p&gt;Formuleringene fra hovedinnholdet i proposisjonen er videreført i
  68 &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.stortinget.no/no/Saker-og-publikasjoner/Publikasjoner/Innstillinger/Stortinget/2014-2015/inns-201415-243/?lvl=0&quot;&gt;innstillingen
  69 fra stortingskomiteen&lt;/a&gt;, der det konkret står «De foreslåtte reglene
  70 vil gi befolkningen tilbud om et offentlig utstedt identitetsbevis som
  71 vil være like pålitelig som passet, og mer praktisk å bruke som
  72 legitimasjon» og «Det nasjonale ID-kortet skal også holde samme
  73 sikkerhetsnivå som passet».  Komiteen har altså ingen kommentarer
  74 eller innsigelser til dette forslaget, og gjorde i debatten da saken
  75 ble vedtatt det klart at dette var en god sak og at en enstemmig
  76 komité var glad for resultatet.  Stortinget har dermed stilt seg helt
  77 og fullt bak departementets forslag.&lt;/p&gt;
  78
  79 &lt;p&gt;For meg er det åpenbart når en leser proposisjonen at «like
  80 pålitelig» og «samme sikkerhetsnivå» vil bli tolket av departementet
  81 som «med samme biometrisk informasjon som i passene», og departementet
  82 forklarer i tillegg i proposisjonen at de har tenkt at
  83 fingeravtrykkene «vil bli beskyttet på samme måte som fingeravtrykkene
  84 i passene».  Jeg ser det dermed som åpenbart at den samme
  85 tvangsinnhentingen av fingeravtrykk som gjelder for pass vil bli
  86 viderført til de nasjonale ID-kortene.&lt;/p&gt;
  87
  88 &lt;p&gt;Det eneste som kan endre dette er massive protester fra
  89 befolkningen på at folk som ikke er mistenkt for noe kriminelt skal
  90 tvinges til å gi fingeravtrykket til politiet for å f.eks. kunne få
  91 bankkonto eller stemme ved valg.  Det kunne få departementet til å
  92 snu.  Det tror jeg ikke vil skje.&lt;/p&gt;
  93 </description>
  94         </item>
  95
  96         <item>
  97                 <title>Norwegian citizens now required by law to give their fingerprint to the police</title>
  98                 <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Norwegian_citizens_now_required_by_law_to_give_their_fingerprint_to_the_police.html</link>
  99                 <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Norwegian_citizens_now_required_by_law_to_give_their_fingerprint_to_the_police.html</guid>
 100                 <pubDate>Sun, 10 May 2015 16:00:00 +0200</pubDate>
 101                 <description>&lt;p&gt;5 days ago, the Norwegian Parliament decided, unanimously, that all
 102 citizens of Norway, no matter if they are suspected of something
 103 criminal or not, are
 104 &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.holderdeord.no/votes/1430838871e&quot;&gt;required to
 105 give fingerprints to the police&lt;/a&gt; (vote details from Holder de
 106 ord).  The law make it sound like it will be optional, but in a few
 107 years there will be no option any more.  The ID will be required to
 108 vote, to get a bank account, a bank card, to change address on the
 109 post office, to receive an electronic ID or to get a drivers license
 110 and many other tasks required to function in Norway.  The banks plan
 111 to stop providing their own ID on the bank cards when this new
 112 national ID is introduced, and the national road authorities plan to
 113 change the drivers license to no longer be usable as identity cards.
 114 In effect, to function as a citizen in Norway a national ID card will
 115 be required, and to get it one need to provide the fingerprints to
 116 the police.&lt;/p&gt;
 117
 118 &lt;p&gt;In addition to handing the fingerprint to the police (which
 119 promised to not make a copy of the fingerprint image at that point in
 120 time, but say nothing about doing it later), a picture of the
 121 fingerprint will be stored on the RFID chip, along with a picture of
 122 the face and other information about the person.  Some of the
 123 information will be encrypted, but the encryption will be the same
 124 system as currently used in the passports.  The codes to decrypt will
 125 be available to a lot of government offices and their suppliers around
 126 the globe, but for those that do not know anyone in those circles it
 127 is good to know that
 128 &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2006/nov/17/news.homeaffairs&quot;&gt;the
 129 encryption is already broken&lt;/a&gt;.  And they
 130 &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.networkworld.com/article/2215057/wireless/bad-guys-could-read-rfid-passports-at-217-feet--maybe-a-lot-more.html&quot;&gt;can
 131 be read from 70 meters away&lt;/a&gt;.  This can be mitigated a bit by
 132 keeping it in a Faraday cage (metal box or metal wire container), but
 133 one will be required to take it out of there often enough to expose
 134 ones private and personal information to a lot of people that have no
 135 business getting access to that information.&lt;/p&gt;
 136
 137 &lt;p&gt;The new Norwegian national IDs are a vehicle for identity theft,
 138 and I feel sorry for us all having politicians accepting such invasion
 139 of privacy without any objections.  So are the Norwegian passports,
 140 but it has been possible to function in Norway without those so far.
 141 That option is going away with the passing of the new law.  In this, I
 142 envy the Germans, because for them it is optional how much biometric
 143 information is stored in their national ID.&lt;/p&gt;
 144
 145 &lt;p&gt;And if forced collection of fingerprints was not bad enough, the
 146 information collected in the national ID card register can be handed
 147 over to foreign intelligence services and police authorities, &quot;when
 148 extradition is not considered disproportionate&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;
 149
 150 &lt;p&gt;Update 2015-05-12: For those unable to believe that the Parliament
 151 really could make such decision, I wrote
 152 &lt;a href=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Blir_det_virkelig_krav_om_fingeravtrykk_i_nasjonale_ID_kort_.html&quot;&gt;a
 153 summary of the sources I have&lt;/a&gt; for concluding the way I do
 154 (Norwegian Only, as the sources are all in Norwegian).&lt;/p&gt;
 155 </description>
 156         </item>
 157
 158         <item>
 159                 <title>What would it cost to store all phone calls in Norway?</title>
 160                 <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/What_would_it_cost_to_store_all_phone_calls_in_Norway_.html</link>
 161                 <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/What_would_it_cost_to_store_all_phone_calls_in_Norway_.html</guid>
 162                 <pubDate>Fri, 1 May 2015 19:30:00 +0200</pubDate>
 163                 <description>&lt;p&gt;Many years ago, a friend of mine calculated how much it would cost
 164 to store the sound of all phone calls in Norway, and came up with the
 165 cost of around 20 million NOK (2.4 mill EUR) for all the calls in a
 166 year.  I got curious and wondered what the same calculation would look
 167 like today.  To do so one need an idea of how much data storage is
 168 needed for each minute of sound, how many minutes all the calls in
 169 Norway sums up to, and the cost of data storage.&lt;/p&gt;
 170
 171 &lt;p&gt;The 2005 numbers are from
 172 &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.digi.no/analyser/2005/10/04/vi-prater-stadig-mindre-i-roret&quot;&gt;digi.no&lt;/a&gt;,
 173 the 2012 numbers are from
 174 &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nkom.no/aktuelt/nyheter/fortsatt-vekst-i-det-norske-ekommarkedet&quot;&gt;a
 175 NKOM report&lt;/a&gt;, and I got the 2013 numbers after asking NKOM via
 176 email.  I was told the numbers for 2014 will be presented May 20th,
 177 and decided not to wait for those, as I doubt they will be very
 178 different from the numbers from 2013.&lt;/p&gt;
 179
 180 &lt;p&gt;The amount of data storage per minute sound depend on the wanted
 181 quality, and for phone calls it is generally believed that 8 Kbit/s is
 182 enough.  See for example a
 183 &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/docs/voice/voice-quality/7934-bwidth-consume.html#topic1&quot;&gt;summary
 184 on voice quality from Cisco&lt;/a&gt; for some alternatives.  8 Kbit/s is 60
 185 Kbytes/min, and this can be multiplied with the number of call minutes
 186 to get the storage requirements.&lt;/p&gt;
 187
 188 &lt;p&gt;Storage prices varies a lot, depending on speed, backup strategies,
 189 availability requirements etc.  But a simple way to calculate can be
 190 to use the price of a TiB-disk (around 1000 NOK / 120 EUR) and double
 191 it to take space, power and redundancy into account.  It could be much
 192 higher with high speed and good redundancy requirements.&lt;/p&gt;
 193
 194 &lt;p&gt;But back to the question, What would it cost to store all phone
 195 calls in Norway?  Not much.  Here is a small table showing the
 196 estimated cost, which is within the budget constraint of most medium
 197 and large organisations:&lt;/p&gt;
 198
 199 &lt;table border=&quot;1&quot;&gt;
 200 &lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Year&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Call minutes&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Size&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Price in NOK / EUR&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
 201 &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;2005&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;24 000 000 000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;1.3 PiB&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;3 mill / 358 000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
 202 &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;2012&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;18 000 000 000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;1.0 PiB&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;2.2 mill / 262 000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
 203 &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;2013&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;17 000 000 000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;950 TiB&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;2.1 mill / 250 000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
 204 &lt;/table&gt;
 205
 206 &lt;p&gt;This is the cost of buying the storage.  Maintenance need to be
 207 taken into account too, but calculating that is left as an exercise
 208 for the reader.  But it is obvious to me from those numbers that
 209 recording the sound of all phone calls in Norway is not going to be
 210 stopped because it is too expensive.  I wonder if someone already is
 211 collecting the data?&lt;/p&gt;
 212 </description>
 213         </item>
 214
 215         <item>
 216                 <title>First Jessie based Debian Edu beta release</title>
 217                 <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/First_Jessie_based_Debian_Edu_beta_release.html</link>
 218                 <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/First_Jessie_based_Debian_Edu_beta_release.html</guid>
 219                 <pubDate>Sun, 26 Apr 2015 14:10:00 +0200</pubDate>
 220                 <description>&lt;p&gt;I am happy to report that the Debian Edu team sent out
 221 &lt;a href=&quot;https://lists.debian.org/debian-edu-announce/2015/04/msg00000.html&quot;&gt;this
 222 announcement today&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;
 223
 224 &lt;pre&gt;
 225 the Debian Edu / Skolelinux project is pleased to announce the first
 226 *beta* release of Debian Edu &quot;Jessie&quot; 8.0+edu0~b1, which for the first
 227 time is composed entirely of packages from the current Debian stable
 228 release, Debian 8 &quot;Jessie&quot;.
 229
 230 (As most reading this will know, Debian &quot;Jessie&quot; hasn&#39;t actually been
 231 released by now. The release is still in progress but should finish
 232 later today ;)
 233
 234 We expect to make a final release of Debian Edu &quot;Jessie&quot; in the coming
 235 weeks, timed with the first point release of Debian Jessie. Upgrades
 236 from this beta release of Debian Edu Jessie to the final release will
 237 be possible and encouraged!
 238
 239 Please report feedback to debian-edu@lists.debian.org and/or submit
 240 bugs: http://wiki.debian.org/DebianEdu/HowTo/ReportBugs
 241
 242 Debian Edu - sometimes also known as &quot;Skolelinux&quot; - is a complete
 243 operating system for schools, universities and other
 244 organisations. Through its pre- prepared installation profiles
 245 administrators can install servers, workstations and laptops which
 246 will work in harmony on the school network.  With Debian Edu, the
 247 teachers themselves or their technical support staff can roll out a
 248 complete multi-user, multi-machine study environment within hours or
 249 days.
 250
 251 Debian Edu is already in use at several hundred schools all over the
 252 world, particularly in Germany, Spain and Norway. Installations come
 253 with hundreds of applications pre-installed, plus the whole Debian
 254 archive of thousands of compatible packages within easy reach.
 255
 256 For those who want to give Debian Edu Jessie a try, download and
 257 installation instructions are available, including detailed
 258 instructions in the manual explaining the first steps, such as setting
 259 up a network or adding users.  Please note that the password for the
 260 user your prompted for during installation must have a length of at
 261 least 5 characters!
 262
 263 == Where to download ==
 264
 265 A multi-architecture CD / usbstick image (649 MiB) for network booting
 266 can be downloaded at the following locations:
 267
 268     http://ftp.skolelinux.org/skolelinux-cd/debian-edu-8.0+edu0~b1-CD.iso
 269     rsync -avzP ftp.skolelinux.org::skolelinux-cd/debian-edu-8.0+edu0~b1-CD.iso .
 270
 271 The SHA1SUM of this image is: 54a524d16246cddd8d2cfd6ea52f2dd78c47ee0a
 272
 273 Alternatively an extended DVD / usbstick image (4.9 GiB) is also
 274 available, with more software included (saving additional download
 275 time):
 276
 277     http://ftp.skolelinux.org/skolelinux-cd/debian-edu-8.0+edu0~b1-USB.iso
 278     rsync -avzP ftp.skolelinux.org::skolelinux-cd/debian-edu-8.0+edu0~b1-USB.iso
 279
 280 The SHA1SUM of this image is: fb1f1504a490c077a48653898f9d6a461cb3c636
 281
 282 Sources are available from the Debian archive, see
 283 http://ftp.debian.org/debian-cd/8.0.0/source/ for some download
 284 options.
 285
 286 == Debian Edu Jessie manual in seven languages ==
 287
 288 Please see https://wiki.debian.org/DebianEdu/Documentation/Jessie/ for
 289 the English version of the Debian Edu jessie manual.
 290
 291 This manual has been fully translated to German, French, Italian,
 292 Danish, Dutch and Norwegian Bokmål. A partly translated version exists
 293 for Spanish.  See http://maintainer.skolelinux.org/debian-edu-doc/ for
 294 online version of the translated manual.
 295
 296 More information about Debian 8 &quot;Jessie&quot; itself is provided in the
 297 release notes and the installation manual:
 298 - http://www.debian.org/releases/jessie/releasenotes
 299 - http://www.debian.org/releases/jessie/installmanual
 300
 301
 302 == Errata / known problems ==
 303
 304     It takes up to 15 minutes for a changed hostname to be updated via
 305     DHCP (#780461).
 306
 307     The hostname script fails to update LTSP server hostname (#783087).
 308
 309 Workaround: run update-hostname-from-ip on the client to update the
 310 hostname immediately.
 311
 312 Check https://wiki.debian.org/DebianEdu/Status/Jessie for a possibly
 313 more current and complete list.
 314
 315 == Some more details about Debian Edu 8.0+edu0~b1 Codename Jessie released 2015-04-25 ==
 316
 317 === Software updates ===
 318
 319 Everything which is new in Debian 8 Jessie, e.g.:
 320
 321  * Linux kernel 3.16.7-ctk9; for the i386 architecture, support for
 322    i486 processors has been dropped; oldest supported ones: i586 (like
 323    Intel Pentium and AMD K5).
 324
 325  * Desktop environments KDE Plasma Workspaces 4.11.13, GNOME 3.14,
 326    Xfce 4.12, LXDE 0.5.6
 327    * new optional desktop environment: MATE 1.8
 328    * KDE Plasma Workspaces is installed by default; to choose one of
 329      the others see the manual.
 330  * the browsers Iceweasel 31 ESR and Chromium 41
 331  * LibreOffice 4.3.3
 332  * GOsa 2.7.4
 333  * LTSP 5.5.4
 334  * CUPS print system 1.7.5
 335  * new boot framework: systemd
 336  * Educational toolbox GCompris 14.12
 337  * Music creator Rosegarden 14.02
 338  * Image editor Gimp 2.8.14
 339  * Virtual stargazer Stellarium 0.13.1
 340  * golearn 0.9
 341  * tuxpaint 0.9.22
 342  * New version of debian-installer from Debian Jessie.
 343  * Debian Jessie includes about 43000 packages available for installation.
 344  * More information about Debian 8 Jessie is provided in its release
 345    notes and the installation manual, see the link above.
 346
 347 === Installation changes ===
 348
 349     Installations done via PXE now also install firmware automatically
 350     for the hardware present.
 351
 352 === Fixed bugs ===
 353
 354 A number of bugs have been fixed in this release; the most noticeable
 355 from a user perspective:
 356
 357  * Inserting incorrect DNS information in Gosa will no longer break
 358    DNS completely, but instead stop DNS updates until the incorrect
 359    information is corrected (710362)
 360
 361  * shutdown-at-night now shuts the system down if gdm3 is used (775608).
 362
 363 === Sugar desktop removed ===
 364
 365 As the Sugar desktop was removed from Debian Jessie, it is also not
 366 available in Debian Edu jessie.
 367
 368
 369 == About Debian Edu / Skolelinux ==
 370
 371 Debian Edu, also known as Skolelinux, is a Linux distribution based on
 372 Debian providing an out-of-the box environment of a completely
 373 configured school network. Directly after installation a school server
 374 running all services needed for a school network is set up just
 375 waiting for users and machines being added via GOsa², a comfortable
 376 Web-UI. A netbooting environment is prepared using PXE, so after
 377 initial installation of the main server from CD or USB stick all other
 378 machines can be installed via the network. The provided school server
 379 provides LDAP database and Kerberos authentication service,
 380 centralized home directories, DHCP server, web proxy and many other
 381 services.  The desktop contains more than 60 educational software
 382 packages and more are available from the Debian archive, and schools
 383 can choose between KDE, GNOME, LXDE, Xfce and MATE desktop
 384 environment.
 385
 386 == About Debian ==
 387
 388 The Debian Project was founded in 1993 by Ian Murdock to be a truly
 389 free community project. Since then the project has grown to be one of
 390 the largest and most influential open source projects. Thousands of
 391 volunteers from all over the world work together to create and
 392 maintain Debian software. Available in 70 languages, and supporting a
 393 huge range of computer types, Debian calls itself the universal
 394 operating system.
 395
 396 == Thanks ==
 397
 398 Thanks to everyone making Debian and Debian Edu / Skolelinux happen!
 399 You rock.
 400 &lt;/pre&gt;
 401 </description>
 402         </item>
 403
 404         <item>
 405                 <title>Debian Edu interview: Shirish Agarwal</title>
 406                 <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Debian_Edu_interview__Shirish_Agarwal.html</link>
 407                 <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Debian_Edu_interview__Shirish_Agarwal.html</guid>
 408                 <pubDate>Wed, 15 Apr 2015 09:20:00 +0200</pubDate>
 409                 <description>&lt;p&gt;It was a surprise to me to learn that project to create a complete
 410 computer system for schools I&#39;ve involved in,
 411 &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.skolelinux.org/&quot;&gt;Debian Edu / Skolelinux&lt;/a&gt;, was
 412 being used in India.  But apparently it is, and I managed to get an
 413 interview with one of the friends of the project there, Shirish
 414 Agarwal.&lt;/p&gt;
 415
 416 &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Who are you, and how do you spend your days?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 417
 418 &lt;p&gt;My name is Shirish Agarwal. Based out of the educational and
 419 historical city of Pune, from the western state of Maharashtra, India.
 420 My bread comes from giving training, giving policy tips,
 421 installations on free software to mom and pop shops in different
 422 fields from Desktop publishing to retail shops as well as work with
 423 few software start-ups as well.&lt;/p&gt;
 424
 425 &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;How did you get in contact with the Skolelinux / Debian Edu
 426 project?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 427
 428 &lt;p&gt;It started innocently enough. I have been using Debian for a few
 429 years and in one local minidebconf / debutsav I was asked if there was
 430 anything for schools or education. I had worked / played with free
 431 educational softwares such as Gcompris and Stellarium for my many
 432 nieces and nephews so researched and found Debian Edu or Skolelinux as
 433 it was known then.  Since then I have started using the various
 434 education meta-packages provided by the project.&lt;/p&gt;
 435
 436 &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What do you see as the advantages of Skolelinux / Debian
 437 Edu?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 438
 439 &lt;p&gt;It&#39;s closest I have seen where a package full of educational
 440 software are packed, which are free and open (both literally and
 441 figuratively).  Even if I take the simplest software which is
 442 gcompris, the number of activities therein are amazing. Another one of
 443 the softwares that I have liked for a long time is stellarium. Even
 444 pysycache is cool except for couple of issues I encountered
 445 &lt;a href=&quot;https://bugs.debian.org/781841&quot;&gt;#781841&lt;/a&gt; and
 446 &lt;a href=&quot;https://bugs.debian.org/781842&quot;&gt;#781842&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
 447
 448 &lt;p&gt;I prefer software installed on the system over web based solutions,
 449 as a web site can disappear any time but the software on disk has the
 450 possibility of a larger life span.  Of course with both it&#39;s more a
 451 question if it has enough users who make it fun or sustainable or both
 452 for the developer per-se.&lt;/p&gt;
 453
 454 &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What do you see as the disadvantages of Skolelinux / Debian
 455 Edu?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 456
 457 &lt;p&gt;I do see that the Debian Edu team seems to be short-handed and I
 458 think more efforts should be made to make it popular and ask and take
 459 help from people and the larger community wherever possible.&lt;/p&gt;
 460
 461 &lt;p&gt;I don&#39;t see any disadvantage to use Skolelinux apart from the fact
 462 that most apps. are generic which is good or bad how you see it.
 463 However, saying that I do acknowledge the fact that the canvas is
 464 pretty big and there are lot of interesting ideas that could be done
 465 but for reasons not known not done or if done I don&#39;t know about them.
 466 Let me share some of the ideas (these are more upstream based but
 467 still) I have had for a long time :&lt;/p&gt;
 468
 469 &lt;p&gt;1. Classical maths question of two trains in opposing directions
 470 each running @x kmph/mph at y distance, when they will meet and how
 471 far would each travel and similar questions like these.
 472
 473 &lt;p&gt;The computer is a fantastic system where questions like these can
 474 be drawn, animated and the methodology and answers teased out in
 475 interactive manner. While sites such as the
 476 &lt;a href=&quot;http://mathforum.org/dr.math/faq/faq.two.trains.html&quot;&gt;Ask
 477 Dr. Math FAQ on The Two Trains problem&lt;/a&gt; (as an example or point of
 478 inspiration) can be used there is lot more that can be done.  I dunno
 479 if there is a free software which does something like this.  The idea
 480 being a blend of objects + animation + interaction which does
 481 this. The whole interaction could be gamified with points or sounds or
 482 colourful celebration whenever the user gets even part of the question
 483 or/and methodology right. That would help reinforce good behaviour.
 484 This understanding could be used to share/showcase everything from how
 485 the first wheel came to be, to evolution to how astronomy started,
 486 psychics and everything in-between.&lt;/p&gt;
 487
 488 &lt;p&gt;One specific idea in the train part was having the Linux mascot on
 489 one train and the BSD or GNU mascot on the other train and they
 490 meeting somewhere in-between. Characters from blender movies could
 491 also be used.&lt;/p&gt;
 492
 493 &lt;p&gt;2. Loads of crossword-puzzles with reference to subjects: We have
 494 enormous data sets in Wikipedia and Wikitionary.  I don&#39;t think it
 495 should be a big job to design crossword puzzles. Using categories and
 496 sub-categories it should be doable to have Q&amp;A single word answers
 497 from the existing data-sets. What would make it easy or hard could be
 498 the length of the word + existence of many or few vowels depending on
 499 the user&#39;s input.&lt;/p&gt;
 500
 501 &lt;p&gt;3. Jigsaw puzzles - We already have a great software called
 502 palapeli with number of slicers making it pretty interesting. What
 503 needs to be done is to download large number of public domain and
 504 copyleft images, tease and use IPTC tags to categorise them into
 505 nature, history etc.  and let it loose. This could turn to be really
 506 huge collection of images. One source could be taken from
 507 commons.wikimedia.org, others could be huge collection of royalty-free
 508 stock photos. Potential is immense.&lt;/p&gt;
 509
 510 &lt;p&gt;Apart from this, free software suffers in two directions, we lag
 511 both in development (of using new features per-se) and maintenance a
 512 lot.  This is more so in educational software as these applications
 513 need to be timely and the opportunity cost of missing deadlines is
 514 immense. If we are able to solve issues of funding for development and
 515 maintenance of such software I don&#39;t see any big difficulties. I know
 516 of few start-ups in and around India who would love to develop and
 517 maintain such software if funding issues could be solved.&lt;/p&gt;
 518
 519 &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Which free software do you use daily?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 520
 521 &lt;p&gt;That would be huge list. Some of the softwares are obviously apt,
 522 aptitude, debdelta, leafpad, the shell of course (zsh nowadays),
 523 quassel for IRC. In games I use shisen-sho while card-games are evenly
 524 between kpat and Aiselriot.  In desktops it&#39;s a tie between
 525 gnome-flashback and mate.&lt;/p&gt;
 526
 527 &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Which strategy do you believe is the right one to use to
 528 get schools to use free software?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 529
 530 &lt;p&gt;I think it should first start with using specific FOSS apps. in
 531 whatever environment they are. If it&#39;s MS-Windows or Mac so be it.
 532 Once they are habitual with the apps. and there is buy-in from the
 533 school management then it could be installed anywhere. Most of the
 534 people now understand the concept of a repository because of the
 535 various online stores so it isn&#39;t hard to convince on that front.&lt;/p&gt;
 536
 537 &lt;p&gt;What is harder is having enough people with technical skills and
 538 passion to service them. If you get buy-in from one or two teachers
 539 then ideas like above could also be asked to be done as a project as
 540 well.&lt;/p&gt;
 541
 542 &lt;p&gt;I think where we fall short more than anything is in marketing. For
 543 instance, Debian has this whole range of fonts in its archive but
 544 there isn&#39;t even a page where all those different fonts in the La
 545 Ipsum format could be tried out for newcomers.&lt;/p&gt;
 546
 547 &lt;p&gt;One of the issues faced constantly in installations is with updates
 548 and upgrades.  People have this myth that each update and upgrade
 549 means the user interface will / has to change. I have seen this
 550 innumerable times.  That perhaps is one of the reasons which browsers
 551 like Iceweasel / Firefox change user interfaces so much, not because
 552 it might be needed or be functional but because people believe that
 553 changed user interfaces are better. This, can easily be pointed with
 554 the user interfaces changed with almost every MS-Windows and Mac OS
 555 releases.&lt;/p&gt;
 556
 557 &lt;p&gt;The problems with Debian Edu for deployment are many. The biggest
 558 is the huge gap between what is taught in schools and what Debian Edu
 559 is aimed at.
 560
 561 &lt;p&gt;Me and my friends did teach on week-ends in a government school for
 562 around 2 years, and
 563 &lt;a href=&quot;https://flossexperiences.wordpress.com/2012/10/08/sharings/&quot;&gt;gathered
 564 some experience&lt;/a&gt; there.  Some of the things we learnt/discovered
 565 there was :&lt;/p&gt;
 566
 567 &lt;ol&gt;
 568
 569   &lt;li&gt;Most of the teachers are very territorial about their subjects
 570    and they do not want you to teach anything out of the
 571    portion/syllabus given.&lt;/li&gt;
 572
 573   &lt;li&gt;They want any activity on the system in accordance to whatever
 574    is in the syllabus.&lt;/li&gt;
 575
 576   &lt;li&gt;There are huge barriers both with the English language and at
 577    times with objects or whatever. An example, let&#39;s say in gcompris
 578    you have objects falling down and you have to name them and let&#39;s
 579    say the falling object is a hat or a fedora hat, this would not be
 580    as recognizable as say a
 581    &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puneri_Pagadi&quot;&gt;Puneri
 582    Pagdi&lt;/a&gt; so there is need to inject local objects, words wherever
 583    possible. Especially for word-games there are so many hindi words
 584    which have become part of english vocabulary (for instance in
 585    parley), those could be made into a hinglish collection or
 586    something but that is something for upstream to do.&lt;/li&gt;
 587
 588 &lt;/ol&gt;
 589 </description>
 590         </item>
 591
 592         <item>
 593                 <title>I&#39;m going to the Open Source Developers&#39; Conference Nordic 2015!</title>
 594                 <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/I_m_going_to_the_Open_Source_Developers__Conference_Nordic_2015_.html</link>
 595                 <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/I_m_going_to_the_Open_Source_Developers__Conference_Nordic_2015_.html</guid>
 596                 <pubDate>Tue, 7 Apr 2015 10:30:00 +0200</pubDate>
 597                 <description>&lt;p&gt;I am happy to let you all know that I&#39;m going to the &lt;a
 598 href=&quot;http://act.osdc.no/osdc2015no/&quot;&gt;Open Source Developers&#39;
 599 Conference Nordic 2015&lt;/a&gt;!&lt;/p&gt;
 600
 601 &lt;p&gt;It take place Friday 8th to Sunday 10th of May in Oslo next to
 602 where I work, and I finally got around to submitting
 603 &lt;a href=&quot;http://act.osdc.no/osdc2015no/talk/6192&quot;&gt;a talk proposal for
 604 it&lt;/a&gt; (dead link for most people until the talk is accepted).  As
 605 part of my involvement with the
 606 &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nuug.no/&quot;&gt;Norwegian Unix User Group member
 607 association&lt;/a&gt; I have been slightly involved in the planning of this
 608 conference for a while now, with a focus on organising a Civic Hacking
 609 Hackathon with our friends
 610 over at &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mysociety.org/&quot;&gt;mySociety&lt;/a&gt; and
 611 &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.holderdeord.no/&quot;&gt;Holder de ord&lt;/a&gt;.  This part is
 612 named the &#39;My Society&#39; track in the program.  There is still space for
 613 more talks and participants.  I hope to see you there.&lt;/p&gt;
 614
 615 &lt;p&gt;Check out &lt;a href=&quot;http://act.osdc.no/osdc2015no/talks&quot;&gt;the talks
 616 submitted and accepted so far&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
 617 </description>
 618         </item>
 619
 620         <item>
 621                 <title>Proof reading the Norwegian translation of Free Culture by Lessig</title>
 622                 <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Proof_reading_the_Norwegian_translation_of_Free_Culture_by_Lessig.html</link>
 623                 <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Proof_reading_the_Norwegian_translation_of_Free_Culture_by_Lessig.html</guid>
 624                 <pubDate>Sat, 4 Apr 2015 09:30:00 +0200</pubDate>
 625                 <description>&lt;p&gt;During eastern I had some time to continue working on the Norwegian
 626 &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.docbook.org/&quot;&gt;docbook&lt;/a&gt; version of the 2004 book
 627 &lt;a href=&quot;http://free-culture.cc/&quot;&gt;Free Culture&lt;/a&gt; by Lawrence Lessig.
 628 At the moment I am proof reading the finished text, looking for typos,
 629 inconsistent wordings and sentences that do not flow as they should.
 630 I&#39;m more than two thirds done with the text, and welcome others to
 631 check the text up to chapter 13.  The current status is available on the
 632 &lt;a href=&quot;https://github.com/petterreinholdtsen/free-culture-lessig&quot;&gt;github&lt;/a&gt;
 633 project pages.  You can also check out the
 634 &lt;a href=&quot;https://github.com/petterreinholdtsen/free-culture-lessig/blob/master/archive/freeculture.nb.pdf?raw=true&quot;&gt;PDF&lt;/a&gt;,
 635 &lt;a href=&quot;https://github.com/petterreinholdtsen/free-culture-lessig/blob/master/archive/freeculture.nb.epub?raw=true&quot;&gt;EPUB&lt;/a&gt;
 636 and HTML version available in the
 637 &lt;a href=&quot;https://github.com/petterreinholdtsen/free-culture-lessig/tree/master/archive&quot;&gt;archive
 638 directory&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
 639
 640 &lt;p&gt;Please report typos, bugs and improvements to the github project if
 641 you find any.&lt;/p&gt;
 642 </description>
 643         </item>
 644
 645         <item>
 646                 <title>Frikanalen, Norwegian TV channel for technical topics</title>
 647                 <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Frikanalen__Norwegian_TV_channel_for_technical_topics.html</link>
 648                 <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Frikanalen__Norwegian_TV_channel_for_technical_topics.html</guid>
 649                 <pubDate>Mon, 9 Mar 2015 11:10:00 +0100</pubDate>
 650                 <description>&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nuug.no/&quot;&gt;Norwegian Unix User Group&lt;/a&gt;,
 651 where I am a member, and where people interested in free software,
 652 open standards and UNIX like operating systems like Linux and the BSDs
 653 come together, record our monthly technical presentations on video.
 654 The purpose is to document the talks and spread them to a wider
 655 audience.  For this, the the Norwegian nationwide open channel
 656 &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.frikanalen.no/&quot;&gt;Frikanalen&lt;/a&gt; is a useful venue.
 657 Since a few days ago, when I figured out the
 658 &lt;a href=&quot;http://beta.frikanalen.no/api/&quot;&gt;REST API&lt;/a&gt; to program the
 659 &lt;a href=&quot;http://beta.frikanalen.tv/guide/&quot;&gt;channel time schedule&lt;/a&gt;,
 660 the channel has been filled with NUUG talks, related recordings and
 661 some Creative Commons licensed TED talks (from archive.org).  I fill
 662 all &quot;leftover bits&quot; on the channel with content from NUUG, which at
 663 the moment is almost 17 of 24 hours every day.&lt;/p&gt;
 664
 665 &lt;p&gt;The list of NUUG videos
 666 &lt;a href=&quot;http://beta.frikanalen.tv/organization/82&quot;&gt;uploaded so far&lt;/a&gt;
 667 include things like a
 668 &lt;a href=&quot;http://beta.frikanalen.tv/video/625090&quot;&gt;one hour talk by John
 669 Perry Barlow when he visited Oslo&lt;/a&gt;, a presentation of
 670 &lt;a href=&quot;http://beta.frikanalen.tv/video/624275&quot;&gt;Haiku, the BeOS
 671 re-implementation&lt;/a&gt;, the
 672 &lt;a href=&quot;http://beta.frikanalen.tv/video/624493&quot;&gt;history of FiksGataMi,
 673 the Norwegian version of FixMyStreet&lt;/a&gt;, the good old
 674 &lt;a href=&quot;http://beta.frikanalen.tv/video/623566&quot;&gt;Warriors of the net
 675 video&lt;/A&gt; and many others.&lt;/p&gt;
 676
 677 &lt;p&gt;We have a large backlog of NUUG talks not yet uploaded to
 678 Frikanalen, and plan to upload every useful bit to the channel to
 679 spread the word there.  I also hope to find useful recordings from the
 680 Chaos Computer Club and Debian conferences and spread them on the
 681 channel as well.  But this require locating the videos and their meta
 682 information (title, description, license, etc), and preparing the
 683 recordings for broadcast, and I have not yet had the spare time to
 684 focus on this.  Perhaps you want to help.  Please join us on IRC,
 685 &lt;a href=&quot;irc://irc.freenode.net/%23nuug&quot;&gt;#nuug on irc.freenode.net&lt;/a&gt;
 686 if you want to help make this happen.&lt;/p&gt;
 687
 688 &lt;p&gt;But as I said, already the channel is already almost exclusively
 689 filled with technical topics, and if you want to learn something new
 690 today, check out the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.frikanalen.tv/se&quot;&gt;Ogg Theora
 691 web stream&lt;/a&gt; or use one of the other ways to get access to the
 692 channel.  Unfortunately the Ogg Theora recoding for distribution still
 693 do not properly sync the video and sound.  It is generated by recoding
 694 a internal MPEG transport stream with MPEG4 coded video (ie H.264) to
 695 Ogg Theora / Vorbis, and we have not been able to find a way that
 696 produces acceptable quality.  Help needed, please get in touch if you
 697 know how to fix it using free software.&lt;/p&gt;
 698 </description>
 699         </item>
 700
 701         <item>
 702                 <title>The Citizenfour documentary on the Snowden confirmations to Norway</title>
 703                 <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/The_Citizenfour_documentary_on_the_Snowden_confirmations_to_Norway.html</link>
 704                 <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/The_Citizenfour_documentary_on_the_Snowden_confirmations_to_Norway.html</guid>
 705                 <pubDate>Sat, 28 Feb 2015 22:10:00 +0100</pubDate>
 706                 <description>&lt;p&gt;Today I was happy to learn that the documentary
 707 &lt;a href=&quot;https://citizenfourfilm.com/&quot;&gt;Citizenfour&lt;/a&gt; by
 708 &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laura_Poitras&quot;&gt;Laura Poitras&lt;/a&gt;
 709 finally will show up in Norway.  According to the magazine
 710 &lt;a href=&quot;http://montages.no/&quot;&gt;Montages&lt;/a&gt;, a deal has finally been
 711 made for
 712 &lt;a href=&quot;http://montages.no/nyheter/snowden-dokumentaren-citizenfour-far-norsk-kinodistribusjon/&quot;&gt;Cinema
 713 distribution in Norway&lt;/a&gt; and the movie will have its premiere soon.
 714 This is great news.  As part of my involvement with
 715 &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nuug.no/&quot;&gt;the Norwegian Unix User Group&lt;/a&gt;, me and
 716 a friend have
 717 &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nuug.no/news/Dokumentar_om_Snowdenbekreftelsene_til_Norge_.shtml&quot;&gt;tried
 718 to get the movie to Norway&lt;/a&gt; ourselves, but obviously
 719 &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nuug.no/news/Dokumentar_om_Snowdenbekreftelsene_endelig_til_Norge_.shtml&quot;&gt;we
 720 were too late&lt;/a&gt; and Tor Fosse beat us to it.  I am happy he did, as
 721 the movie will make its way to the public and we do not have to make
 722 it happen ourselves.
 723 &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XiGwAvd5mvM&quot;&gt;The trailer&lt;/a&gt;
 724 can be seen on youtube, if you are curious what kind of film this
 725 is.&lt;/p&gt;
 726
 727 &lt;p&gt;The whistle blower Edward Snowden really deserve political asylum
 728 here in Norway, but I am afraid he would not be safe.&lt;/p&gt;
 729 </description>
 730         </item>
 731
 732         <item>
 733                 <title>The Norwegian open channel Frikanalen - 24x7 on the Internet</title>
 734                 <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/The_Norwegian_open_channel_Frikanalen___24x7_on_the_Internet.html</link>
 735                 <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/The_Norwegian_open_channel_Frikanalen___24x7_on_the_Internet.html</guid>
 736                 <pubDate>Wed, 25 Feb 2015 09:10:00 +0100</pubDate>
 737                 <description>&lt;p&gt;The Norwegian nationwide open channel
 738 &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.frikanalen.no/&quot;&gt;Frikanalen&lt;/a&gt; is still going
 739 strong.  It allow everyone to send the video they want on national
 740 television.  It is a TV station administrated completely using a web
 741 browser, running only &lt;ahref=&quot;https://github.com/Frikanalen&quot;&gt;Free
 742 Software&lt;/a&gt;, providing &lt;ahref=&quot;http://beta.frikanalen.tv/api&quot;&gt;a REST
 743 api&lt;/a&gt; for administrators and members, and with distribution on the
 744 national DVB-T distribution network RiksTV.  But only between 12:00
 745 and 17:30 Norwegian time.  This has finally changed, after many years
 746 with limited distribution.  A few weeks ago, we set up a Ogg Theora
 747 stream via icecast to allow everyone with Internet access to check out
 748 the channel the rest of the day.  This is presented on
 749 &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.frikanalen.tv/se&quot;&gt;the Frikanalen web site now&lt;/a&gt;.  And
 750 since a few days ago, the channel is also available
 751 via &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.uninett.no/iptv-tilgang&quot;&gt;multicast on
 752 UNINETT&lt;/a&gt;, available for those using IPTV TVs and set-top boxes in
 753 the Norwegian National Research and Education network.&lt;/p&gt;
 754
 755 &lt;p&gt;If you want to see what is on the channel, point your media player
 756 to one of these sources.  The first should work with most players and
 757 browsers, while as far as I know, the multicast UDP stream only work
 758 with VLC.&lt;/p&gt;
 759
 760 &lt;ul&gt;
 761   &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://video.nuug.no/frikanalen.ogv&quot;&gt;http://video.nuug.no/frikanalen.ogv&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 762   &lt;li&gt;udp://@224.17.43.129:1234&lt;/li&gt;
 763 &lt;/ul&gt;
 764
 765 &lt;p&gt;The Ogg Theora / icecast stream is not working well, as the video
 766 and audio is slightly out of sync.  We have not been able to figure
 767 out how to fix it.  It is generated by recoding a internal MPEG
 768 transport stream with MPEG4 coded video (ie H.264) to Ogg Theora /
 769 Vorbis, and the result is less then stellar.  If you have ideas how to
 770 fix it, please let us know on frikanalen (at) nuug.no.  We currently
 771 use this with ffmpeg2theora 0.29:&lt;/p&gt;
 772
 773 &lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;pre&gt;
 774 ./ffmpeg2theora.linux &amp;lt;OBE_gemini_URL.ts&amp;gt; -F 25 -x 720 -y 405 \
 775  --deinterlace --inputfps 25 -c 1 -H 48000 --keyint 8 --buf-delay 100 \
 776  --nosync -V 700 -o - | oggfwd video.nuug.no 8000 &amp;lt;pw&amp;gt; /frikanalen.ogv
 777 &lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
 778
 779 &lt;p&gt;If you get the multicast UDP stream working, please let me know, as
 780 I am curious how far the multicast stream reach.  It do not make it to
 781 my home network, nor any other commercially available network in
 782 Norway that I am aware of.&lt;/p&gt;
 783 </description>
 784         </item>
 785
 786         </channel>
 787 </rss>