blog/Automatically_upgrading_server_firmware_on_Dell_PowerEdge.html

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   6     <title>Petter Reinholdtsen: Automatically upgrading server firmware on Dell PowerEdge</title>
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  14  <h1>
  15      <a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/">Petter Reinholdtsen</a>
  16
  17  </h1>
  18
  19 </div>
  20
  21
  22     <div class="entry">
  23       <div class="title">Automatically upgrading server firmware on Dell PowerEdge</div>
  24       <div class="date">21st November 2011</div>
  25       <div class="body"><p>At work we have heaps of servers.  I believe the total count is
  26 around 1000 at the moment.  To be able to get help from the vendors
  27 when something go wrong, we want to keep the firmware on the servers
  28 up to date.  If the firmware isn't the latest and greatest, the
  29 vendors typically refuse to start debugging any problems until the
  30 firmware is upgraded.  So before every reboot, we want to upgrade the
  31 firmware, and we would really like everyone handling servers at the
  32 university to do this themselves when they plan to reboot a machine.
  33 For that to happen we at the unix server admin group need to provide
  34 the tools to do so.</p>
  35
  36 <p>To make firmware upgrading easier, I am working on a script to
  37 fetch and install the latest firmware for the servers we got.  Most of
  38 our hardware are from Dell and HP, so I have focused on these servers
  39 so far.  This blog post is about the Dell part.</P>
  40
  41 <p>On the Dell FTP site I was lucky enough to find
  42 <a href="ftp://ftp.us.dell.com/catalog/Catalog.xml.gz">an XML file</a>
  43 with firmware information for all 11th generation servers, listing
  44 which firmware should be used on a given model and where on the FTP
  45 site I can find it.  Using a simple perl XML parser I can then
  46 download the shell scripts Dell provides to do firmware upgrades from
  47 within Linux and reboot when all the firmware is primed and ready to
  48 be activated on the first reboot.</p>
  49
  50 <p>This is the Dell related fragment of the perl code I am working on.
  51 Are there anyone working on similar tools for firmware upgrading all
  52 servers at a site?  Please get in touch and lets share resources.</p>
  53
  54 <p><pre>
  55 #!/usr/bin/perl
  56 use strict;
  57 use warnings;
  58 use File::Temp qw(tempdir);
  59 BEGIN {
  60     # Install needed RHEL packages if missing
  61     my %rhelmodules = (
  62         'XML::Simple' => 'perl-XML-Simple',
  63         );
  64     for my $module (keys %rhelmodules) {
  65         eval "use $module;";
  66         if ($@) {
  67             my $pkg = $rhelmodules{$module};
  68             system("yum install -y $pkg");
  69             eval "use $module;";
  70         }
  71     }
  72 }
  73 my $errorsto = 'pere@hungry.com';
  74
  75 upgrade_dell();
  76
  77 exit 0;
  78
  79 sub run_firmware_script {
  80     my ($opts, $script) = @_;
  81     unless ($script) {
  82         print STDERR "fail: missing script name\n";
  83         exit 1
  84     }
  85     print STDERR "Running $script\n\n";
  86
  87     if (0 == system("sh $script $opts")) { # FIXME correct exit code handling
  88         print STDERR "success: firmware script ran succcessfully\n";
  89     } else {
  90         print STDERR "fail: firmware script returned error\n";
  91     }
  92 }
  93
  94 sub run_firmware_scripts {
  95     my ($opts, @dirs) = @_;
  96     # Run firmware packages
  97     for my $dir (@dirs) {
  98         print STDERR "info: Running scripts in $dir\n";
  99         opendir(my $dh, $dir) or die "Unable to open directory $dir: $!";
 100         while (my $s = readdir $dh) {
 101             next if $s =~ m/^\.\.?/;
 102             run_firmware_script($opts, "$dir/$s");
 103         }
 104         closedir $dh;
 105     }
 106 }
 107
 108 sub download {
 109     my $url = shift;
 110     print STDERR "info: Downloading $url\n";
 111     system("wget --quiet \"$url\"");
 112 }
 113
 114 sub upgrade_dell {
 115     my @dirs;
 116     my $product = `dmidecode -s system-product-name`;
 117     chomp $product;
 118
 119     if ($product =~ m/PowerEdge/) {
 120
 121         # on RHEL, these pacakges are needed by the firwmare upgrade scripts
 122         system('yum install -y compat-libstdc++-33.i686 libstdc++.i686 libxml2.i686 procmail');
 123
 124         my $tmpdir = tempdir(
 125             CLEANUP => 1
 126             );
 127         chdir($tmpdir);
 128         fetch_dell_fw('catalog/Catalog.xml.gz');
 129         system('gunzip Catalog.xml.gz');
 130         my @paths = fetch_dell_fw_list('Catalog.xml');
 131         # -q is quiet, disabling interactivity and reducing console output
 132         my $fwopts = "-q";
 133         if (@paths) {
 134             for my $url (@paths) {
 135                 fetch_dell_fw($url);
 136             }
 137             run_firmware_scripts($fwopts, $tmpdir);
 138         } else {
 139             print STDERR "error: Unsupported Dell model '$product'.\n";
 140             print STDERR "error: Please report to $errorsto.\n";
 141         }
 142         chdir('/');
 143     } else {
 144         print STDERR "error: Unsupported Dell model '$product'.\n";
 145         print STDERR "error: Please report to $errorsto.\n";
 146     }
 147 }
 148
 149 sub fetch_dell_fw {
 150     my $path = shift;
 151     my $url = "ftp://ftp.us.dell.com/$path";
 152     download($url);
 153 }
 154
 155 # Using ftp://ftp.us.dell.com/catalog/Catalog.xml.gz, figure out which
 156 # firmware packages to download from Dell.  Only work for Linux
 157 # machines and 11th generation Dell servers.
 158 sub fetch_dell_fw_list {
 159     my $filename = shift;
 160
 161     my $product = `dmidecode -s system-product-name`;
 162     chomp $product;
 163     my ($mybrand, $mymodel) = split(/\s+/, $product);
 164
 165     print STDERR "Finding firmware bundles for $mybrand $mymodel\n";
 166
 167     my $xml = XMLin($filename);
 168     my @paths;
 169     for my $bundle (@{$xml->{SoftwareBundle}}) {
 170         my $brand = $bundle->{TargetSystems}->{Brand}->{Display}->{content};
 171         my $model = $bundle->{TargetSystems}->{Brand}->{Model}->{Display}->{content};
 172         my $oscode;
 173         if ("ARRAY" eq ref $bundle->{TargetOSes}->{OperatingSystem}) {
 174             $oscode = $bundle->{TargetOSes}->{OperatingSystem}[0]->{osCode};
 175         } else {
 176             $oscode = $bundle->{TargetOSes}->{OperatingSystem}->{osCode};
 177         }
 178         if ($mybrand eq $brand && $mymodel eq $model && "LIN" eq $oscode)
 179         {
 180             @paths = map { $_->{path} } @{$bundle->{Contents}->{Package}};
 181         }
 182     }
 183     for my $component (@{$xml->{SoftwareComponent}}) {
 184         my $componenttype = $component->{ComponentType}->{value};
 185
 186         # Drop application packages, only firmware and BIOS
 187         next if 'APAC' eq $componenttype;
 188
 189         my $cpath = $component->{path};
 190         for my $path (@paths) {
 191             if ($cpath =~ m%/$path$%) {
 192                 push(@paths, $cpath);
 193             }
 194         }
 195     }
 196     return @paths;
 197 }
 198 </pre>
 199
 200 <p>The code is only tested on RedHat Enterprise Linux, but I suspect
 201 it could work on other platforms with some tweaking.  Anyone know a
 202 index like Catalog.xml is available from HP for HP servers?  At the
 203 moment I maintain a similar list manually and it is quickly getting
 204 outdated.</p>
 205 </div>
 206
 207       <div class="tags">Tags: <a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.</div>
 208
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 210     </div>
 211
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 216
 217
 218
 219 <h2>Archive</h2>
 220 <ul>
 221
 222 <li>2025
 223 <ul>
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 231 <li>2024
 232 <ul>
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 234 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2024/01/">January (1)</a></li>
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 249
 250 </ul></li>
 251
 252 <li>2023
 253 <ul>
 254
 255 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2023/01/">January (3)</a></li>
 256
 257 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2023/02/">February (1)</a></li>
 258
 259 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2023/04/">April (2)</a></li>
 260
 261 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2023/05/">May (3)</a></li>
 262
 263 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2023/06/">June (1)</a></li>
 264
 265 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2023/08/">August (1)</a></li>
 266
 267 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2023/09/">September (1)</a></li>
 268
 269 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2023/10/">October (1)</a></li>
 270
 271 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2023/11/">November (4)</a></li>
 272
 273 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2023/12/">December (1)</a></li>
 274
 275 </ul></li>
 276
 277 <li>2022
 278 <ul>
 279
 280 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2022/02/">February (1)</a></li>
 281
 282 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2022/03/">March (3)</a></li>
 283
 284 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2022/04/">April (2)</a></li>
 285
 286 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2022/06/">June (2)</a></li>
 287
 288 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2022/07/">July (1)</a></li>
 289
 290 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2022/09/">September (1)</a></li>
 291
 292 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2022/10/">October (1)</a></li>
 293
 294 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2022/12/">December (1)</a></li>
 295
 296 </ul></li>
 297
 298 <li>2021
 299 <ul>
 300
 301 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2021/01/">January (2)</a></li>
 302
 303 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2021/02/">February (1)</a></li>
 304
 305 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2021/05/">May (1)</a></li>
 306
 307 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2021/06/">June (1)</a></li>
 308
 309 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2021/07/">July (3)</a></li>
 310
 311 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2021/08/">August (1)</a></li>
 312
 313 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2021/09/">September (1)</a></li>
 314
 315 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2021/10/">October (1)</a></li>
 316
 317 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2021/12/">December (1)</a></li>
 318
 319 </ul></li>
 320
 321 <li>2020
 322 <ul>
 323
 324 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2020/02/">February (2)</a></li>
 325
 326 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2020/03/">March (2)</a></li>
 327
 328 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2020/04/">April (2)</a></li>
 329
 330 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2020/05/">May (3)</a></li>
 331
 332 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2020/06/">June (2)</a></li>
 333
 334 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2020/07/">July (1)</a></li>
 335
 336 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2020/09/">September (1)</a></li>
 337
 338 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2020/10/">October (1)</a></li>
 339
 340 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2020/11/">November (1)</a></li>
 341
 342 </ul></li>
 343
 344 <li>2019
 345 <ul>
 346
 347 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2019/01/">January (4)</a></li>
 348
 349 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2019/02/">February (3)</a></li>
 350
 351 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2019/03/">March (3)</a></li>
 352
 353 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2019/05/">May (2)</a></li>
 354
 355 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2019/06/">June (5)</a></li>
 356
 357 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2019/07/">July (2)</a></li>
 358
 359 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2019/08/">August (1)</a></li>
 360
 361 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2019/09/">September (1)</a></li>
 362
 363 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2019/11/">November (1)</a></li>
 364
 365 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2019/12/">December (4)</a></li>
 366
 367 </ul></li>
 368
 369 <li>2018
 370 <ul>
 371
 372 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2018/01/">January (1)</a></li>
 373
 374 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2018/02/">February (5)</a></li>
 375
 376 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2018/03/">March (5)</a></li>
 377
 378 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2018/04/">April (3)</a></li>
 379
 380 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2018/06/">June (2)</a></li>
 381
 382 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2018/07/">July (5)</a></li>
 383
 384 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2018/08/">August (3)</a></li>
 385
 386 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2018/09/">September (3)</a></li>
 387
 388 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2018/10/">October (5)</a></li>
 389
 390 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2018/11/">November (2)</a></li>
 391
 392 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2018/12/">December (4)</a></li>
 393
 394 </ul></li>
 395
 396 <li>2017
 397 <ul>
 398
 399 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2017/01/">January (4)</a></li>
 400
 401 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2017/02/">February (3)</a></li>
 402
 403 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2017/03/">March (5)</a></li>
 404
 405 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2017/04/">April (2)</a></li>
 406
 407 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2017/06/">June (5)</a></li>
 408
 409 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2017/07/">July (1)</a></li>
 410
 411 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2017/08/">August (1)</a></li>
 412
 413 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2017/09/">September (3)</a></li>
 414
 415 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2017/10/">October (5)</a></li>
 416
 417 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2017/11/">November (3)</a></li>
 418
 419 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2017/12/">December (4)</a></li>
 420
 421 </ul></li>
 422
 423 <li>2016
 424 <ul>
 425
 426 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2016/01/">January (3)</a></li>
 427
 428 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2016/02/">February (2)</a></li>
 429
 430 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2016/03/">March (3)</a></li>
 431
 432 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2016/04/">April (8)</a></li>
 433
 434 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2016/05/">May (8)</a></li>
 435
 436 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2016/06/">June (2)</a></li>
 437
 438 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2016/07/">July (2)</a></li>
 439
 440 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2016/08/">August (5)</a></li>
 441
 442 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2016/09/">September (2)</a></li>
 443
 444 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2016/10/">October (3)</a></li>
 445
 446 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2016/11/">November (8)</a></li>
 447
 448 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2016/12/">December (5)</a></li>
 449
 450 </ul></li>
 451
 452 <li>2015
 453 <ul>
 454
 455 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2015/01/">January (7)</a></li>
 456
 457 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2015/02/">February (6)</a></li>
 458
 459 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2015/03/">March (1)</a></li>
 460
 461 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2015/04/">April (4)</a></li>
 462
 463 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2015/05/">May (3)</a></li>
 464
 465 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2015/06/">June (4)</a></li>
 466
 467 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2015/07/">July (6)</a></li>
 468
 469 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2015/08/">August (2)</a></li>
 470
 471 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2015/09/">September (2)</a></li>
 472
 473 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2015/10/">October (9)</a></li>
 474
 475 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2015/11/">November (6)</a></li>
 476
 477 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2015/12/">December (3)</a></li>
 478
 479 </ul></li>
 480
 481 <li>2014
 482 <ul>
 483
 484 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2014/01/">January (2)</a></li>
 485
 486 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2014/02/">February (3)</a></li>
 487
 488 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2014/03/">March (8)</a></li>
 489
 490 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2014/04/">April (7)</a></li>
 491
 492 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2014/05/">May (1)</a></li>
 493
 494 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2014/06/">June (2)</a></li>
 495
 496 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2014/07/">July (2)</a></li>
 497
 498 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2014/08/">August (2)</a></li>
 499
 500 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2014/09/">September (5)</a></li>
 501
 502 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2014/10/">October (6)</a></li>
 503
 504 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2014/11/">November (3)</a></li>
 505
 506 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2014/12/">December (5)</a></li>
 507
 508 </ul></li>
 509
 510 <li>2013
 511 <ul>
 512
 513 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2013/01/">January (11)</a></li>
 514
 515 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2013/02/">February (9)</a></li>
 516
 517 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2013/03/">March (9)</a></li>
 518
 519 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2013/04/">April (6)</a></li>
 520
 521 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2013/05/">May (9)</a></li>
 522
 523 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2013/06/">June (10)</a></li>
 524
 525 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2013/07/">July (7)</a></li>
 526
 527 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2013/08/">August (3)</a></li>
 528
 529 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2013/09/">September (5)</a></li>
 530
 531 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2013/10/">October (7)</a></li>
 532
 533 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2013/11/">November (9)</a></li>
 534
 535 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2013/12/">December (3)</a></li>
 536
 537 </ul></li>
 538
 539 <li>2012
 540 <ul>
 541
 542 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2012/01/">January (7)</a></li>
 543
 544 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2012/02/">February (10)</a></li>
 545
 546 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2012/03/">March (17)</a></li>
 547
 548 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2012/04/">April (12)</a></li>
 549
 550 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2012/05/">May (12)</a></li>
 551
 552 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2012/06/">June (20)</a></li>
 553
 554 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2012/07/">July (17)</a></li>
 555
 556 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2012/08/">August (6)</a></li>
 557
 558 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2012/09/">September (9)</a></li>
 559
 560 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2012/10/">October (17)</a></li>
 561
 562 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2012/11/">November (10)</a></li>
 563
 564 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2012/12/">December (7)</a></li>
 565
 566 </ul></li>
 567
 568 <li>2011
 569 <ul>
 570
 571 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2011/01/">January (16)</a></li>
 572
 573 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2011/02/">February (6)</a></li>
 574
 575 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2011/03/">March (6)</a></li>
 576
 577 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2011/04/">April (7)</a></li>
 578
 579 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2011/05/">May (3)</a></li>
 580
 581 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2011/06/">June (2)</a></li>
 582
 583 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2011/07/">July (7)</a></li>
 584
 585 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2011/08/">August (6)</a></li>
 586
 587 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2011/09/">September (4)</a></li>
 588
 589 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2011/10/">October (2)</a></li>
 590
 591 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2011/11/">November (3)</a></li>
 592
 593 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2011/12/">December (1)</a></li>
 594
 595 </ul></li>
 596
 597 <li>2010
 598 <ul>
 599
 600 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2010/01/">January (2)</a></li>
 601
 602 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2010/02/">February (1)</a></li>
 603
 604 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2010/03/">March (3)</a></li>
 605
 606 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2010/04/">April (3)</a></li>
 607
 608 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2010/05/">May (9)</a></li>
 609
 610 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2010/06/">June (14)</a></li>
 611
 612 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2010/07/">July (12)</a></li>
 613
 614 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2010/08/">August (13)</a></li>
 615
 616 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2010/09/">September (7)</a></li>
 617
 618 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2010/10/">October (9)</a></li>
 619
 620 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2010/11/">November (13)</a></li>
 621
 622 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2010/12/">December (12)</a></li>
 623
 624 </ul></li>
 625
 626 <li>2009
 627 <ul>
 628
 629 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2009/01/">January (8)</a></li>
 630
 631 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2009/02/">February (8)</a></li>
 632
 633 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2009/03/">March (12)</a></li>
 634
 635 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2009/04/">April (10)</a></li>
 636
 637 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2009/05/">May (9)</a></li>
 638
 639 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2009/06/">June (3)</a></li>
 640
 641 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2009/07/">July (4)</a></li>
 642
 643 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2009/08/">August (3)</a></li>
 644
 645 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2009/09/">September (1)</a></li>
 646
 647 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2009/10/">October (2)</a></li>
 648
 649 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2009/11/">November (3)</a></li>
 650
 651 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2009/12/">December (3)</a></li>
 652
 653 </ul></li>
 654
 655 <li>2008
 656 <ul>
 657
 658 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2008/11/">November (5)</a></li>
 659
 660 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2008/12/">December (7)</a></li>
 661
 662 </ul></li>
 663
 664 </ul>
 665
 666
 667
 668 <h2>Tags</h2>
 669 <ul>
 670
 671  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/3d-printer">3d-printer (19)</a></li>
 672
 673  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/amiga">amiga (1)</a></li>
 674
 675  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/aros">aros (1)</a></li>
 676
 677  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/bankid">bankid (4)</a></li>
 678
 679  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/betalkontant">betalkontant (9)</a></li>
 680
 681  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/bitcoin">bitcoin (13)</a></li>
 682
 683  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/bootsystem">bootsystem (17)</a></li>
 684
 685  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/bsa">bsa (2)</a></li>
 686
 687  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/chrpath">chrpath (3)</a></li>
 688
 689  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/debian">debian (209)</a></li>
 690
 691  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/debian edu">debian edu (159)</a></li>
 692
 693  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/debian-handbook">debian-handbook (9)</a></li>
 694
 695  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/digistan">digistan (11)</a></li>
 696
 697  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/dld">dld (18)</a></li>
 698
 699  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/docbook">docbook (33)</a></li>
 700
 701  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/drivstoffpriser">drivstoffpriser (4)</a></li>
 702
 703  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/english">english (471)</a></li>
 704
 705  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/fiksgatami">fiksgatami (23)</a></li>
 706
 707  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/fildeling">fildeling (14)</a></li>
 708
 709  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/freeculture">freeculture (34)</a></li>
 710
 711  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/freedombox">freedombox (9)</a></li>
 712
 713  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/frikanalen">frikanalen (20)</a></li>
 714
 715  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/h264">h264 (20)</a></li>
 716
 717  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/intervju">intervju (43)</a></li>
 718
 719  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/isenkram">isenkram (21)</a></li>
 720
 721  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/kart">kart (23)</a></li>
 722
 723  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/kodi">kodi (6)</a></li>
 724
 725  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/ldap">ldap (9)</a></li>
 726
 727  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/lego">lego (5)</a></li>
 728
 729  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/lenker">lenker (8)</a></li>
 730
 731  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/linuxcnc">linuxcnc (8)</a></li>
 732
 733  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/lsdvd">lsdvd (3)</a></li>
 734
 735  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/ltsp">ltsp (1)</a></li>
 736
 737  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/madewithcc">madewithcc (3)</a></li>
 738
 739  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/mesh network">mesh network (8)</a></li>
 740
 741  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/multimedia">multimedia (48)</a></li>
 742
 743  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/nice free software">nice free software (15)</a></li>
 744
 745  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/noark5">noark5 (27)</a></li>
 746
 747  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/norsk">norsk (326)</a></li>
 748
 749  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/nuug">nuug (200)</a></li>
 750
 751  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/offentlig innsyn">offentlig innsyn (42)</a></li>
 752
 753  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/open311">open311 (2)</a></li>
 754
 755  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/opensnitch">opensnitch (4)</a></li>
 756
 757  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/opphavsrett">opphavsrett (76)</a></li>
 758
 759  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/personvern">personvern (114)</a></li>
 760
 761  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/raid">raid (4)</a></li>
 762
 763  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/reactos">reactos (1)</a></li>
 764
 765  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/reprap">reprap (11)</a></li>
 766
 767  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/rfid">rfid (3)</a></li>
 768
 769  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/robot">robot (17)</a></li>
 770
 771  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/rss">rss (1)</a></li>
 772
 773  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/ruter">ruter (7)</a></li>
 774
 775  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/scraperwiki">scraperwiki (2)</a></li>
 776
 777  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/sikkerhet">sikkerhet (60)</a></li>
 778
 779  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/sitesummary">sitesummary (4)</a></li>
 780
 781  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/skepsis">skepsis (5)</a></li>
 782
 783  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/standard">standard (80)</a></li>
 784
 785  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/stavekontroll">stavekontroll (7)</a></li>
 786
 787  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/stortinget">stortinget (14)</a></li>
 788
 789  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/surveillance">surveillance (65)</a></li>
 790
 791  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/sysadmin">sysadmin (6)</a></li>
 792
 793  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/usenix">usenix (2)</a></li>
 794
 795  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/valg">valg (9)</a></li>
 796
 797  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/verkidetfri">verkidetfri (23)</a></li>
 798
 799  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/video">video (82)</a></li>
 800
 801  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/vitenskap">vitenskap (4)</a></li>
 802
 803  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/web">web (42)</a></li>
 804
 805 </ul>
 806
 807
 808     </div>
 809     <p style="text-align: right">
 810  Created by <a href="http://steve.org.uk/Software/chronicle">Chronicle v4.6</a>
 811 </p>
 812
 813   </body>
 814 </html>