blog/Playing_and_encoding_AV1_in_Debian_Bullseye.html

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   6     <title>Petter Reinholdtsen: Playing and encoding AV1 in Debian Bullseye</title>
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  14  <h1>
  15      <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/">Petter Reinholdtsen</a>
  16
  17  </h1>
  18
  19 </div>
  20
  21
  22     <div class="entry">
  23       <div class="title">Playing and encoding AV1 in Debian Bullseye</div>
  24       <div class="date">16th April 2022</div>
  25       <div class="body"><p>Inspired by the recent news of
  26 <a href="https://slashdot.org/story/22/04/03/2039219/intel-beats-amd-and-nvidia-with-arc-gpus-full-av1-support">AV1
  27 hardware encoding support from Intel</a>, I decided to look into
  28 the state of AV1 on Linux today.  AV1 is a
  29 <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160618103850/http://www.digistan.org/open-standard:definition">free
  30 and open standard</a> as defined by Digistan without any royalty
  31 payment requirement, unlike its much used competitor encoding
  32 H.264.  While looking, I came across an 5 year
  33 <a href="https://askubuntu.com/questions/1061908/how-to-encode-and-playback-video-with-the-av1-codec-on-bionic-beaver-18-04">old
  34 question on askubuntu.com</a> which in turn inspired me to check out
  35 how things are in Debian Stable regarding AV1.  The test file listed
  36 in the question (askubuntu_test_aom.mp4) did not exist any more, so I
  37 tracked down a different set of test files on
  38 <a href="https://av1.webmfiles.org/">av1.webmfiles.org</a> to test them
  39 with the various video tools I had installed on my machine.  I was
  40 happy to discover that AV1 decoding and playback worked with almost
  41 every tool I tested:
  42
  43 <table align="center">
  44 <tr><td>mediainfo</td>       <td>ok</td></tr>
  45 <tr><td>dragonplayer</td>    <td>ok</td></tr>
  46 <tr><td>ffmpeg / ffplay</td> <td>ok</td></tr>
  47 <tr><td>gnome-mplayer</td>   <td>fail</td></tr>
  48 <tr><td>mplayer</td>         <td>ok</td></tr>
  49 <tr><td>mpv</td>             <td>ok</td></tr>
  50 <tr><td>parole</td>          <td>ok</td></tr>
  51 <tr><td>vlc</td>             <td>ok</td></tr>
  52 <tr><td>firefox</td>         <td>ok</td></tr>
  53 <tr><td>chromium</td>        <td>ok</td></tr>
  54 </table>
  55
  56 <p>AV1 encoding is available in Debian Stable from the aom-tools
  57 version 1.0.0.errata1-3 package, using the aomenc tool.  The encoding
  58 using the package in Debian Stable is quite slow, with the frame rate
  59 for my 10 second test video at around 0.25 fps.  My 10 second video
  60 test took 16 minutes and 11 seconds on my test machine.</p>
  61
  62 <p>I tested by first running ffmpeg and then aomenc using the recipe
  63 provided by the askubuntu recipe above.  I had to remove the
  64 '--row-mt=1' option, as it was not supported in my 1.0.0 version.  The
  65 encoding only used a single thread, according to <tt>top</tt>.</p>
  66
  67 <blockquote><pre>
  68 ffmpeg -i some-old-video.ogv -t 10 -pix_fmt yuv420p video.y4m
  69 aomenc --fps=24/1 -u 0 --codec=av1 --target-bitrate=1000 \
  70   --lag-in-frames=25 --auto-alt-ref=1 -t 24 --cpu-used=8 \
  71   --tile-columns=2 --tile-rows=2 -o output.webm video.y4m
  72 </pre></blockquote>
  73
  74 <p>As version 1.0.0 currently have several
  75 <a href="https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/source-package/aom">unsolved
  76 security issues in Debian Stable</a>, and to see if the recent
  77 backport <a href="https://tracker.debian.org/pkg/aom">provided in
  78 Debian</a> is any quicker, I ran <tt>apt -t bullseye-backports install
  79 aom-tools</tt> to fetch the backported version and re-encoded the
  80 video using the latest version.  This time the '--row-mt=1' option
  81 worked, and the encoding was done in 46 seconds with a frame rate of
  82 around 5.22 fps.  This time it seem to be using all my four cores to
  83 encode.  Encoding speed is still too low for streaming and real time,
  84 which would require frame rates above 25 fps, but might be good enough
  85 for offline encoding.</p>
  86
  87 <p>I am very happy to see AV1 playback working so well with the
  88 default tools in Debian Stable.  I hope the encoding situation improve
  89 too, allowing even a slow old computer like my 10 year old laptop to
  90 be used for encoding.</p>
  91
  92 <p>As usual, if you use Bitcoin and want to show your support of my
  93 activities, please send Bitcoin donations to my address
  94 <b><a href="bitcoin:15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b">15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b</a></b>.</p>
  95 </div>
  96
  97       <div class="tags">Tags: <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/standard">standard</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/video">video</a>.</div>
  98
  99
 100     </div>
 101
 102
 103
 104
 105     <div id="sidebar">
 106
 107
 108
 109 <h2>Archive</h2>
 110 <ul>
 111
 112 <li>2022
 113 <ul>
 114
 115 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2022/02/">February (1)</a></li>
 116
 117 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2022/03/">March (3)</a></li>
 118
 119 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2022/04/">April (2)</a></li>
 120
 121 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2022/06/">June (2)</a></li>
 122
 123 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2022/07/">July (1)</a></li>
 124
 125 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2022/09/">September (1)</a></li>
 126
 127 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2022/10/">October (1)</a></li>
 128
 129 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2022/12/">December (1)</a></li>
 130
 131 </ul></li>
 132
 133 <li>2021
 134 <ul>
 135
 136 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2021/01/">January (2)</a></li>
 137
 138 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2021/02/">February (1)</a></li>
 139
 140 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2021/05/">May (1)</a></li>
 141
 142 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2021/06/">June (1)</a></li>
 143
 144 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2021/07/">July (3)</a></li>
 145
 146 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2021/08/">August (1)</a></li>
 147
 148 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2021/09/">September (1)</a></li>
 149
 150 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2021/10/">October (1)</a></li>
 151
 152 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2021/12/">December (1)</a></li>
 153
 154 </ul></li>
 155
 156 <li>2020
 157 <ul>
 158
 159 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2020/02/">February (2)</a></li>
 160
 161 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2020/03/">March (2)</a></li>
 162
 163 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2020/04/">April (2)</a></li>
 164
 165 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2020/05/">May (3)</a></li>
 166
 167 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2020/06/">June (2)</a></li>
 168
 169 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2020/07/">July (1)</a></li>
 170
 171 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2020/09/">September (1)</a></li>
 172
 173 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2020/10/">October (1)</a></li>
 174
 175 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2020/11/">November (1)</a></li>
 176
 177 </ul></li>
 178
 179 <li>2019
 180 <ul>
 181
 182 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/01/">January (4)</a></li>
 183
 184 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/02/">February (3)</a></li>
 185
 186 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/03/">March (3)</a></li>
 187
 188 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/05/">May (2)</a></li>
 189
 190 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/06/">June (5)</a></li>
 191
 192 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/07/">July (2)</a></li>
 193
 194 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/08/">August (1)</a></li>
 195
 196 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/09/">September (1)</a></li>
 197
 198 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/11/">November (1)</a></li>
 199
 200 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/12/">December (4)</a></li>
 201
 202 </ul></li>
 203
 204 <li>2018
 205 <ul>
 206
 207 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/01/">January (1)</a></li>
 208
 209 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/02/">February (5)</a></li>
 210
 211 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/03/">March (5)</a></li>
 212
 213 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/04/">April (3)</a></li>
 214
 215 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/06/">June (2)</a></li>
 216
 217 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/07/">July (5)</a></li>
 218
 219 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/08/">August (3)</a></li>
 220
 221 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/09/">September (3)</a></li>
 222
 223 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/10/">October (5)</a></li>
 224
 225 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/11/">November (2)</a></li>
 226
 227 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/12/">December (4)</a></li>
 228
 229 </ul></li>
 230
 231 <li>2017
 232 <ul>
 233
 234 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/01/">January (4)</a></li>
 235
 236 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/02/">February (3)</a></li>
 237
 238 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/03/">March (5)</a></li>
 239
 240 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/04/">April (2)</a></li>
 241
 242 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/06/">June (5)</a></li>
 243
 244 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/07/">July (1)</a></li>
 245
 246 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/08/">August (1)</a></li>
 247
 248 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/09/">September (3)</a></li>
 249
 250 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/10/">October (5)</a></li>
 251
 252 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/11/">November (3)</a></li>
 253
 254 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/12/">December (4)</a></li>
 255
 256 </ul></li>
 257
 258 <li>2016
 259 <ul>
 260
 261 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/01/">January (3)</a></li>
 262
 263 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/02/">February (2)</a></li>
 264
 265 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/03/">March (3)</a></li>
 266
 267 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/04/">April (8)</a></li>
 268
 269 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/05/">May (8)</a></li>
 270
 271 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/06/">June (2)</a></li>
 272
 273 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/07/">July (2)</a></li>
 274
 275 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/08/">August (5)</a></li>
 276
 277 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/09/">September (2)</a></li>
 278
 279 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/10/">October (3)</a></li>
 280
 281 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/11/">November (8)</a></li>
 282
 283 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/12/">December (5)</a></li>
 284
 285 </ul></li>
 286
 287 <li>2015
 288 <ul>
 289
 290 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/01/">January (7)</a></li>
 291
 292 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/02/">February (6)</a></li>
 293
 294 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/03/">March (1)</a></li>
 295
 296 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/04/">April (4)</a></li>
 297
 298 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/05/">May (3)</a></li>
 299
 300 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/06/">June (4)</a></li>
 301
 302 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/07/">July (6)</a></li>
 303
 304 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/08/">August (2)</a></li>
 305
 306 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/09/">September (2)</a></li>
 307
 308 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/10/">October (9)</a></li>
 309
 310 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/11/">November (6)</a></li>
 311
 312 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/12/">December (3)</a></li>
 313
 314 </ul></li>
 315
 316 <li>2014
 317 <ul>
 318
 319 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/01/">January (2)</a></li>
 320
 321 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/02/">February (3)</a></li>
 322
 323 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/03/">March (8)</a></li>
 324
 325 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/04/">April (7)</a></li>
 326
 327 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/05/">May (1)</a></li>
 328
 329 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/06/">June (2)</a></li>
 330
 331 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/07/">July (2)</a></li>
 332
 333 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/08/">August (2)</a></li>
 334
 335 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/09/">September (5)</a></li>
 336
 337 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/10/">October (6)</a></li>
 338
 339 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/11/">November (3)</a></li>
 340
 341 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/12/">December (5)</a></li>
 342
 343 </ul></li>
 344
 345 <li>2013
 346 <ul>
 347
 348 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/01/">January (11)</a></li>
 349
 350 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/02/">February (9)</a></li>
 351
 352 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/03/">March (9)</a></li>
 353
 354 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/04/">April (6)</a></li>
 355
 356 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/05/">May (9)</a></li>
 357
 358 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/06/">June (10)</a></li>
 359
 360 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/07/">July (7)</a></li>
 361
 362 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/08/">August (3)</a></li>
 363
 364 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/09/">September (5)</a></li>
 365
 366 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/10/">October (7)</a></li>
 367
 368 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/11/">November (9)</a></li>
 369
 370 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/12/">December (3)</a></li>
 371
 372 </ul></li>
 373
 374 <li>2012
 375 <ul>
 376
 377 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/01/">January (7)</a></li>
 378
 379 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/02/">February (10)</a></li>
 380
 381 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/03/">March (17)</a></li>
 382
 383 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/04/">April (12)</a></li>
 384
 385 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/05/">May (12)</a></li>
 386
 387 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/06/">June (20)</a></li>
 388
 389 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/07/">July (17)</a></li>
 390
 391 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/08/">August (6)</a></li>
 392
 393 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/09/">September (9)</a></li>
 394
 395 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/10/">October (17)</a></li>
 396
 397 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/11/">November (10)</a></li>
 398
 399 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/12/">December (7)</a></li>
 400
 401 </ul></li>
 402
 403 <li>2011
 404 <ul>
 405
 406 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/01/">January (16)</a></li>
 407
 408 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/02/">February (6)</a></li>
 409
 410 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/03/">March (6)</a></li>
 411
 412 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/04/">April (7)</a></li>
 413
 414 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/05/">May (3)</a></li>
 415
 416 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/06/">June (2)</a></li>
 417
 418 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/07/">July (7)</a></li>
 419
 420 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/08/">August (6)</a></li>
 421
 422 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/09/">September (4)</a></li>
 423
 424 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/10/">October (2)</a></li>
 425
 426 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/11/">November (3)</a></li>
 427
 428 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/12/">December (1)</a></li>
 429
 430 </ul></li>
 431
 432 <li>2010
 433 <ul>
 434
 435 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/01/">January (2)</a></li>
 436
 437 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/02/">February (1)</a></li>
 438
 439 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/03/">March (3)</a></li>
 440
 441 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/04/">April (3)</a></li>
 442
 443 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/05/">May (9)</a></li>
 444
 445 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/06/">June (14)</a></li>
 446
 447 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/07/">July (12)</a></li>
 448
 449 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/08/">August (13)</a></li>
 450
 451 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/09/">September (7)</a></li>
 452
 453 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/10/">October (9)</a></li>
 454
 455 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/11/">November (13)</a></li>
 456
 457 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/12/">December (12)</a></li>
 458
 459 </ul></li>
 460
 461 <li>2009
 462 <ul>
 463
 464 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/01/">January (8)</a></li>
 465
 466 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/02/">February (8)</a></li>
 467
 468 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/03/">March (12)</a></li>
 469
 470 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/04/">April (10)</a></li>
 471
 472 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/05/">May (9)</a></li>
 473
 474 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/06/">June (3)</a></li>
 475
 476 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/07/">July (4)</a></li>
 477
 478 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/08/">August (3)</a></li>
 479
 480 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/09/">September (1)</a></li>
 481
 482 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/10/">October (2)</a></li>
 483
 484 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/11/">November (3)</a></li>
 485
 486 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/12/">December (3)</a></li>
 487
 488 </ul></li>
 489
 490 <li>2008
 491 <ul>
 492
 493 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2008/11/">November (5)</a></li>
 494
 495 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2008/12/">December (7)</a></li>
 496
 497 </ul></li>
 498
 499 </ul>
 500
 501
 502
 503 <h2>Tags</h2>
 504 <ul>
 505
 506  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/3d-printer">3d-printer (19)</a></li>
 507
 508  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/amiga">amiga (1)</a></li>
 509
 510  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/aros">aros (1)</a></li>
 511
 512  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bankid">bankid (4)</a></li>
 513
 514  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/betalkontant">betalkontant (9)</a></li>
 515
 516  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bitcoin">bitcoin (12)</a></li>
 517
 518  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bootsystem">bootsystem (17)</a></li>
 519
 520  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bsa">bsa (2)</a></li>
 521
 522  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/chrpath">chrpath (2)</a></li>
 523
 524  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian (184)</a></li>
 525
 526  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian edu">debian edu (159)</a></li>
 527
 528  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian-handbook">debian-handbook (9)</a></li>
 529
 530  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/digistan">digistan (11)</a></li>
 531
 532  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/dld">dld (18)</a></li>
 533
 534  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/docbook">docbook (30)</a></li>
 535
 536  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/drivstoffpriser">drivstoffpriser (4)</a></li>
 537
 538  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english (440)</a></li>
 539
 540  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/fiksgatami">fiksgatami (23)</a></li>
 541
 542  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/fildeling">fildeling (14)</a></li>
 543
 544  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/freeculture">freeculture (34)</a></li>
 545
 546  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/freedombox">freedombox (9)</a></li>
 547
 548  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/frikanalen">frikanalen (20)</a></li>
 549
 550  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/h264">h264 (20)</a></li>
 551
 552  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/intervju">intervju (43)</a></li>
 553
 554  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/isenkram">isenkram (16)</a></li>
 555
 556  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/kart">kart (23)</a></li>
 557
 558  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/kodi">kodi (4)</a></li>
 559
 560  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ldap">ldap (9)</a></li>
 561
 562  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/lego">lego (5)</a></li>
 563
 564  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/lenker">lenker (8)</a></li>
 565
 566  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/lsdvd">lsdvd (2)</a></li>
 567
 568  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ltsp">ltsp (1)</a></li>
 569
 570  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/madewithcc">madewithcc (3)</a></li>
 571
 572  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/mesh network">mesh network (8)</a></li>
 573
 574  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/multimedia">multimedia (44)</a></li>
 575
 576  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/nice free software">nice free software (13)</a></li>
 577
 578  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/noark5">noark5 (23)</a></li>
 579
 580  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/norsk">norsk (320)</a></li>
 581
 582  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/nuug">nuug (198)</a></li>
 583
 584  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/offentlig innsyn">offentlig innsyn (40)</a></li>
 585
 586  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/open311">open311 (2)</a></li>
 587
 588  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/opphavsrett">opphavsrett (75)</a></li>
 589
 590  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/personvern">personvern (114)</a></li>
 591
 592  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/raid">raid (2)</a></li>
 593
 594  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/reactos">reactos (1)</a></li>
 595
 596  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/reprap">reprap (11)</a></li>
 597
 598  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/rfid">rfid (3)</a></li>
 599
 600  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/robot">robot (16)</a></li>
 601
 602  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/rss">rss (1)</a></li>
 603
 604  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ruter">ruter (7)</a></li>
 605
 606  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/scraperwiki">scraperwiki (2)</a></li>
 607
 608  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sikkerhet">sikkerhet (59)</a></li>
 609
 610  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sitesummary">sitesummary (4)</a></li>
 611
 612  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/skepsis">skepsis (5)</a></li>
 613
 614  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/standard">standard (74)</a></li>
 615
 616  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/stavekontroll">stavekontroll (7)</a></li>
 617
 618  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/stortinget">stortinget (14)</a></li>
 619
 620  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/surveillance">surveillance (64)</a></li>
 621
 622  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sysadmin">sysadmin (5)</a></li>
 623
 624  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/usenix">usenix (2)</a></li>
 625
 626  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/valg">valg (9)</a></li>
 627
 628  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/verkidetfri">verkidetfri (20)</a></li>
 629
 630  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/video">video (77)</a></li>
 631
 632  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/vitenskap">vitenskap (4)</a></li>
 633
 634  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/web">web (42)</a></li>
 635
 636 </ul>
 637
 638
 639     </div>
 640     <p style="text-align: right">
 641  Created by <a href="http://steve.org.uk/Software/chronicle">Chronicle v4.6</a>
 642 </p>
 643
 644   </body>
 645 </html>