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  13  <h1>
  14      <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/">Petter Reinholdtsen</a>
  15
  16  </h1>
  17
  18 </div>
  19
  20
  21
  22     <div class="entry">
  23       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/_kt_overv_kning_applauderes_igjen_av_Arbeiderpartiet__H_yre_og_Fremskrittspartiet.html">Økt overvåkning applauderes igjen av Arbeiderpartiet, Høyre og Fremskrittspartiet</a></div>
  24       <div class="date"> 4th February 2013</div>
  25       <div class="body"><p>Jeg ser med gru at Arbeiderpartiet, Høyre og Fremskrittspartiet
  26 <a href="http://www.aftenposten.no/nyheter/iriks/Positive-til-mer-smuglerovervaking-7110348.html">applauderer
  27 tollvesenets forslag</a> om å øke overvåkningen i Norge nok et hakk.
  28 Det er ikke så rart, da de som uttaler seg jo også har støttet
  29 innføringen av datalagringsdirektivet eller i hvert fall ikke veldig
  30 aktivt har motarbeidet det.  Innføringen av datalagringsdirektivet er
  31 en lovendring som innebærer brev og besøkskontroll for hele
  32 befolkningen.</p>
  33
  34 <p><a href="http://www.stortinget.no/no/Saker-og-publikasjoner/Saker/Sak/?p=48717">Datalagringsdirektivet</a>
  35 har vært oppe til votering i stortinget tre ganger så langt.  Det ble
  36 <a href="http://svartelisten.org/">vedtatt første gang 2011-04-04</a>
  37 og
  38 <a href="https://github.com/holderdeord/hdo-folketingparser/blob/master/data/votering-2011-04-11.xml">andre
  39 gang 2011-04-11</a> (lovendringer voteres to ganger), og forslag om å
  40 stoppe loven ble
  41 <a href="http://www.stortinget.no/no/Saker-og-publikasjoner/Saker/Sak/Voteringsoversikt/?p=53844&dnid=1">nedstemt
  42 2012-12-06</a> (se også
  43 <a href="http://beta.holderdeord.no/issues/innfore-datalagringsdirektivet">oversikt fra Holder De
  44 Ord</a>).</p>
  45
  46 <p>Jan Bøhler i Arbeiderpartiet stemte for å innføre
  47 datalagringsdirektivet i lovverket i første votering, var ikke
  48 tilstede i andre votering og støttet loven i tredje votering.  André
  49 Oktay Dahl i Høyre var ikke til stede i første og andre votering men
  50 støttet loven i tredje votering.  Ulf Leirstein i Fremskrittspartiet
  51 stemte mot loven i første votering men var ikke til stede i andre og
  52 tredje votering.</p>
  53
  54 <p>Hvis du lurer på hva som er problemet med datalagringsdirektivet,
  55 anbefaler jeg å lese <a href="http://www.uhuru.biz/?cat=84">artiklene
  56 fra Jon Wessel-Aas</a> om temaet, samt informasjon fra foreningen
  57 <a href="http://www.digitaltpersonvern.no/">Digitalt
  58 Personvern</a>.</p>
  59
  60 <p><strong>Oppdatering 2013-03-09</strong>: Endret lenke til Holder De
  61 Ord, som har byttet mange lenker i forbindelse med import av
  62 voteringsdata for 2010-2011.</p>
  63 </div>
  64       <div class="tags">
  65
  66
  67         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/norsk">norsk</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/personvern">personvern</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/surveillance">surveillance</a>.
  68
  69
  70       </div>
  71     </div>
  72     <div class="padding"></div>
  73
  74     <div class="entry">
  75       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Bitcoin_GUI_now_available_from_Debian_unstable__and_Ubuntu_raring_.html">Bitcoin GUI now available from Debian/unstable (and Ubuntu/raring)</a></div>
  76       <div class="date"> 2nd February 2013</div>
  77       <div class="body"><p>My
  78 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/How_to_backport_bitcoin_qt_version_0_7_2_2_to_Debian_Squeeze.html">last
  79 bitcoin related blog post</a> mentioned that the new
  80 <a href="http://packages.qa.debian.org/bitcoin">bitcoin package</a> for
  81 Debian was waiting in NEW.  It was accepted by the Debian ftp-masters
  82 2013-01-19, and have been available in unstable since then.  It was
  83 automatically copied to Ubuntu, and is available in their Raring
  84 version too.</p>
  85
  86 <p>But there is a strange problem with the build that block this new
  87 version from being available on the i386 and kfreebsd-i386
  88 architectures.  For some strange reason, the autobuilders in Debian
  89 for these architectures fail to run the test suite on these
  90 architectures (<a href="http://bugs.debian.org/672524">BTS #672524</a>).
  91 We are so far unable to reproduce it when building it manually, and
  92 no-one have been able to propose a fix.  If you got an idea what is
  93 failing, please let us know via the BTS.</p>
  94
  95 <p>One feature that is annoying me with of the bitcoin client, because
  96 I often run low on disk space, is the fact that the client will exit
  97 if it run short on space (<a href="http://bugs.debian.org/696715">BTS
  98 #696715</a>).  So make sure you have enough disk space when you run
  99 it. :)</p>
 100
 101 <p>As usual, if you use bitcoin and want to show your support of my
 102 activities, please send Bitcoin donations to my address
 103 <b><a href="bitcoin:15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b&label=PetterReinholdtsenBlog">15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b</a></b>.</p>
 104 </div>
 105       <div class="tags">
 106
 107
 108         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bitcoin">bitcoin</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
 109
 110
 111       </div>
 112     </div>
 113     <div class="padding"></div>
 114
 115     <div class="entry">
 116       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Welcome_to_the_world__Isenkram_.html">Welcome to the world, Isenkram!</a></div>
 117       <div class="date">22nd January 2013</div>
 118       <div class="body"><p>Yesterday, I
 119 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/First_prototype_ready_making_hardware_easier_to_use_in_Debian.html">asked
 120 for testers</a> for my prototype for making Debian better at handling
 121 pluggable hardware devices, which I
 122 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Lets_make_hardware_dongles_easier_to_use_in_Debian.html">set
 123 out to create</a> earlier this month.  Several valuable testers showed
 124 up, and caused me to really want to to open up the development to more
 125 people.  But before I did this, I want to come up with a sensible name
 126 for this project.  Today I finally decided on a new name, and I have
 127 renamed the project from hw-support-handler to this new name.  In the
 128 process, I moved the source to git and made it available as a
 129 <a href="http://anonscm.debian.org/gitweb/?p=collab-maint/isenkram.git">collab-maint</a>
 130 repository in Debian.  The new name?  It is <strong>Isenkram</strong>.
 131 To fetch and build the latest version of the source, use</p>
 132
 133 <pre>
 134 git clone http://anonscm.debian.org/git/collab-maint/isenkram.git
 135 cd isenkram && git-buildpackage -us -uc
 136 </pre>
 137
 138 <p>I have not yet adjusted all files to use the new name yet.  If you
 139 want to hack on the source or improve the package, please go ahead.
 140 But please talk to me first on IRC or via email before you do major
 141 changes, to make sure we do not step on each others toes. :)</p>
 142
 143 <p>If you wonder what 'isenkram' is, it is a Norwegian word for iron
 144 stuff, typically meaning tools, nails, screws, etc.  Typical hardware
 145 stuff, in other words.  I've been told it is the Norwegian variant of
 146 the German word eisenkram, for those that are familiar with that
 147 word.</p>
 148
 149 <p><strong>Update 2013-01-26</strong>: Added -us -us to build
 150 instructions, to avoid confusing people with an error from the signing
 151 process.</p>
 152
 153 <p><strong>Update 2013-01-27</strong>: Switch to HTTP URL for the git
 154 clone argument to avoid the need for authentication.</p>
 155 </div>
 156       <div class="tags">
 157
 158
 159         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/isenkram">isenkram</a>.
 160
 161
 162       </div>
 163     </div>
 164     <div class="padding"></div>
 165
 166     <div class="entry">
 167       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/First_prototype_ready_making_hardware_easier_to_use_in_Debian.html">First prototype ready making hardware easier to use in Debian</a></div>
 168       <div class="date">21st January 2013</div>
 169       <div class="body"><p>Early this month I set out to try to
 170 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Lets_make_hardware_dongles_easier_to_use_in_Debian.html">improve
 171 the Debian support for pluggable hardware devices</a>.  Now my
 172 prototype is working, and it is ready for a larger audience.  To test
 173 it, fetch the
 174 <a href="http://anonscm.debian.org/viewvc/debian-edu/trunk/src/hw-support-handler/">source
 175 from the Debian Edu subversion repository</a>, build and install the
 176 package.  You might have to log out and in again activate the
 177 autostart script.</p>
 178
 179 <p>The design is simple:</p>
 180
 181 <ul>
 182
 183 <li>Add desktop entry in /usr/share/autostart/ causing a program
 184 hw-support-handlerd to start when the user log in.</li>
 185
 186 <li>This program listen for kernel events about new hardware (directly
 187 from the kernel like udev does), not using HAL dbus events as I
 188 initially did.</li>
 189
 190 <li>When new hardware is inserted, look up the hardware modalias in
 191 the APT database, a database
 192 <a href="http://anonscm.debian.org/viewvc/debian-edu/trunk/src/hw-support-handler/modaliases?view=markup">available
 193 via HTTP</a> and a database available as part of the package.</li>
 194
 195 <li>If a package is mapped to the hardware in question, the package
 196 isn't installed yet and this is the first time the hardware was
 197 plugged in, show a desktop notification suggesting to install the
 198 package or packages.</li>
 199
 200 <li>If the user click on the 'install package now' button, ask
 201 aptdaemon via the PackageKit API to install the requrired package.</li>
 202
 203 <li>aptdaemon ask for root password or sudo password, and install the
 204 package while showing progress information in a window.</li>
 205
 206 </ul>
 207
 208 <p>I still need to come up with a better name for the system.  Here
 209 are some screen shots showing the prototype in action.  First the
 210 notification, then the password request, and finally the request to
 211 approve all the dependencies.  Sorry for the Norwegian Bokmål GUI.</p>
 212
 213 <p><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2013-01-21-hw-support-1-notification.png">
 214 <br><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2013-01-21-hw-support-2-password.png">
 215 <br><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2013-01-21-hw-support-3-dependencies.png">
 216 <br><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2013-01-21-hw-support-4-installing.png">
 217 <br><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2013-01-21-hw-support-5-installing-details.png" width="70%"></p>
 218
 219 <p>The prototype still need to be improved with longer timeouts, but
 220 is already useful.  The database of hardware to package mappings also
 221 need more work.  It is currently compatible with the Ubuntu way of
 222 storing such information in the package control file, but could be
 223 changed to use other formats instead or in addition to the current
 224 method.  I've dropped the use of discover for this mapping, as the
 225 modalias approach is more flexible and easier to use on Linux as long
 226 as the Linux kernel expose its modalias strings directly.</p>
 227
 228 <p><strong>Update 2013-01-21 16:50</strong>: Due to popular demand,
 229 here is the command required to check out and build the source: Use
 230 '<tt>svn checkout
 231 svn://svn.debian.org/debian-edu/trunk/src/hw-support-handler/; cd
 232 hw-support-handler; debuild</tt>'.  If you lack debuild, install the
 233 devscripts package.</p>
 234
 235 <p><strong>Update 2013-01-23 12:00</strong>: The project is now
 236 renamed to Isenkram and the source moved from the Debian Edu
 237 subversion repository to a Debian collab-maint git repository.  See
 238 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Welcome_to_the_world__Isenkram_.html">build
 239 instructions</a> for details.</p>
 240 </div>
 241       <div class="tags">
 242
 243
 244         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/isenkram">isenkram</a>.
 245
 246
 247       </div>
 248     </div>
 249     <div class="padding"></div>
 250
 251     <div class="entry">
 252       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Thank_you_Thinkpad_X41__for_your_long_and_trustworthy_service.html">Thank you Thinkpad X41, for your long and trustworthy service</a></div>
 253       <div class="date">19th January 2013</div>
 254       <div class="body"><p>This Christmas my trusty old laptop died.  It died quietly and
 255 suddenly in bed.  With a quiet whimper, it went completely quiet and
 256 black.  The power button was no longer able to turn it on.  It was a
 257 IBM Thinkpad X41, and the best laptop I ever had.  Better than both
 258 Thinkpads X30, X31, X40, X60, X61 and X61S.  Far better than the
 259 Compaq I had before that.  Now I need to find a replacement.  To keep
 260 going during Christmas, I moved the one year old SSD disk to my old
 261 X40 where it fitted (only one I had left that could use it), but it is
 262 not a durable solution.
 263
 264 <p>My laptop needs are fairly modest.  This is my wishlist from when I
 265 got a new one more than 10 years ago.  It still holds true.:)</p>
 266
 267 <ul>
 268
 269 <li>Lightweight (around 1 kg) and small volume (preferably smaller
 270   than A4).</li>
 271 <li>Robust, it will be in my backpack every day.</li>
 272 <li>Three button mouse and a mouse pin instead of touch pad.</li>
 273 <li>Long battery life time.  Preferable a week.</li>
 274 <li>Internal WIFI network card.</li>
 275 <li>Internal Twisted Pair network card.</li>
 276 <li>Some USB slots (2-3 is plenty)</li>
 277 <li>Good keyboard - similar to the Thinkpad.</li>
 278 <li>Video resolution at least 1024x768, with size around 12" (A4 paper
 279 size).</li>
 280 <li>Hardware supported by Debian Stable, ie the default kernel and
 281   X.org packages.</li>
 282 <li>Quiet, preferably fan free (or at least not using the fan most of
 283   the time).
 284
 285 </ul>
 286
 287 <p>You will notice that there are no RAM and CPU requirements in the
 288 list.  The reason is simply that the specifications on laptops the
 289 last 10-15 years have been sufficient for my needs, and I have to look
 290 at other features to choose my laptop.  But are there still made as
 291 robust laptops as my X41?  The Thinkpad X60/X61 proved to be less
 292 robust, and Thinkpads seem to be heading in the wrong direction since
 293 Lenovo took over.  But I've been told that X220 and X1 Carbon might
 294 still be useful.</p>
 295
 296 <p>Perhaps I should rethink my needs, and look for a pad with an
 297 external keyboard?  I'll have to check the
 298 <a href="http://www.linux-laptop.net/">Linux Laptops site</a> for
 299 well-supported laptops, or perhaps just buy one preinstalled from one
 300 of the vendors listed on the <a href="http://linuxpreloaded.com/">Linux
 301 Pre-loaded site</a>.</p>
 302 </div>
 303       <div class="tags">
 304
 305
 306         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
 307
 308
 309       </div>
 310     </div>
 311     <div class="padding"></div>
 312
 313     <div class="entry">
 314       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/How_to_find_a_browser_plugin_supporting_a_given_MIME_type.html">How to find a browser plugin supporting a given MIME type</a></div>
 315       <div class="date">18th January 2013</div>
 316       <div class="body"><p>Some times I try to figure out which Iceweasel browser plugin to
 317 install to get support for a given MIME type.  Thanks to
 318 <a href="https://wiki.ubuntu.com/MozillaTeam/Plugins">specifications
 319 done by Ubuntu</a> and Mozilla, it is possible to do this in Debian.
 320 Unfortunately, not very many packages provide the needed meta
 321 information, Anyway, here is a small script to look up all browser
 322 plugin packages announcing ther MIME support using this specification:</p>
 323
 324 <pre>
 325 #!/usr/bin/python
 326 import sys
 327 import apt
 328 def pkgs_handling_mimetype(mimetype):
 329     cache = apt.Cache()
 330     cache.open(None)
 331     thepkgs = []
 332     for pkg in cache:
 333         version = pkg.candidate
 334         if version is None:
 335             version = pkg.installed
 336         if version is None:
 337             continue
 338         record = version.record
 339         if not record.has_key('Npp-MimeType'):
 340             continue
 341         mime_types = record['Npp-MimeType'].split(',')
 342         for t in mime_types:
 343             t = t.rstrip().strip()
 344             if t == mimetype:
 345                 thepkgs.append(pkg.name)
 346     return thepkgs
 347 mimetype = "audio/ogg"
 348 if 1 < len(sys.argv):
 349     mimetype = sys.argv[1]
 350 print "Browser plugin packages supporting %s:" % mimetype
 351 for pkg in pkgs_handling_mimetype(mimetype):
 352     print "  %s" %pkg
 353 </pre>
 354
 355 <p>It can be used like this to look up a given MIME type:</p>
 356
 357 <pre>
 358 % ./apt-find-browserplug-for-mimetype
 359 Browser plugin packages supporting audio/ogg:
 360   gecko-mediaplayer
 361 % ./apt-find-browserplug-for-mimetype application/x-shockwave-flash
 362 Browser plugin packages supporting application/x-shockwave-flash:
 363   browser-plugin-gnash
 364 %
 365 </pre>
 366
 367 <p>In Ubuntu this mechanism is combined with support in the browser
 368 itself to query for plugins and propose to install the needed
 369 packages.  It would be great if Debian supported such feature too.  Is
 370 anyone working on adding it?</p>
 371
 372 <p><strong>Update 2013-01-18 14:20</strong>: The Debian BTS
 373 request for icweasel support for this feature is
 374 <a href="http://bugs.debian.org/484010">#484010</a> from 2008 (and
 375 <a href="http://bugs.debian.org/698426">#698426</a> from today).  Lack
 376 of manpower and wish for a different design is the reason thus feature
 377 is not yet in iceweasel from Debian.</p>
 378 </div>
 379       <div class="tags">
 380
 381
 382         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
 383
 384
 385       </div>
 386     </div>
 387     <div class="padding"></div>
 388
 389     <div class="entry">
 390       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/What_is_the_most_supported_MIME_type_in_Debian_.html">What is the most supported MIME type in Debian?</a></div>
 391       <div class="date">16th January 2013</div>
 392       <div class="body"><p>The <a href="http://wiki.debian.org/AppStreamDebianProposal">DEP-11
 393 proposal to add AppStream information to the Debian archive</a>, is a
 394 proposal to make it possible for a Desktop application to propose to
 395 the user some package to install to gain support for a given MIME
 396 type, font, library etc. that is currently missing.  With such
 397 mechanism in place, it would be possible for the desktop to
 398 automatically propose and install leocad if some LDraw file is
 399 downloaded by the browser.</p>
 400
 401 <p>To get some idea about the current content of the archive, I decided
 402 to write a simple program to extract all .desktop files from the
 403 Debian archive and look up the claimed MIME support there.  The result
 404 can be found on the
 405 <a href="http://ftp.skolelinux.org/pub/AppStreamTest">Skolelinux FTP
 406 site</a>.  Using the collected information, it become possible to
 407 answer the question in the title.  Here are the 20 most supported MIME
 408 types in Debian stable (Squeeze), testing (Wheezy) and unstable (Sid).
 409 The complete list is available from the link above.</p>
 410
 411 <p><strong>Debian Stable:</strong></p>
 412
 413 <pre>
 414   count MIME type
 415   ----- -----------------------
 416      32 text/plain
 417      30 audio/mpeg
 418      29 image/png
 419      28 image/jpeg
 420      27 application/ogg
 421      26 audio/x-mp3
 422      25 image/tiff
 423      25 image/gif
 424      22 image/bmp
 425      22 audio/x-wav
 426      20 audio/x-flac
 427      19 audio/x-mpegurl
 428      18 video/x-ms-asf
 429      18 audio/x-musepack
 430      18 audio/x-mpeg
 431      18 application/x-ogg
 432      17 video/mpeg
 433      17 audio/x-scpls
 434      17 audio/ogg
 435      16 video/x-ms-wmv
 436 </pre>
 437
 438 <p><strong>Debian Testing:</strong></p>
 439
 440 <pre>
 441   count MIME type
 442   ----- -----------------------
 443      33 text/plain
 444      32 image/png
 445      32 image/jpeg
 446      29 audio/mpeg
 447      27 image/gif
 448      26 image/tiff
 449      26 application/ogg
 450      25 audio/x-mp3
 451      22 image/bmp
 452      21 audio/x-wav
 453      19 audio/x-mpegurl
 454      19 audio/x-mpeg
 455      18 video/mpeg
 456      18 audio/x-scpls
 457      18 audio/x-flac
 458      18 application/x-ogg
 459      17 video/x-ms-asf
 460      17 text/html
 461      17 audio/x-musepack
 462      16 image/x-xbitmap
 463 </pre>
 464
 465 <p><strong>Debian Unstable:</strong></p>
 466
 467 <pre>
 468   count MIME type
 469   ----- -----------------------
 470      31 text/plain
 471      31 image/png
 472      31 image/jpeg
 473      29 audio/mpeg
 474      28 application/ogg
 475      27 image/gif
 476      26 image/tiff
 477      26 audio/x-mp3
 478      23 audio/x-wav
 479      22 image/bmp
 480      21 audio/x-flac
 481      20 audio/x-mpegurl
 482      19 audio/x-mpeg
 483      18 video/x-ms-asf
 484      18 video/mpeg
 485      18 audio/x-scpls
 486      18 application/x-ogg
 487      17 audio/x-musepack
 488      16 video/x-ms-wmv
 489      16 video/x-msvideo
 490 </pre>
 491
 492 <p>I am told that PackageKit can provide an API to access the kind of
 493 information mentioned in DEP-11.  I have not yet had time to look at
 494 it, but hope the PackageKit people in Debian are on top of these
 495 issues.</p>
 496
 497 <p><strong>Update 2013-01-16 13:35</strong>: Updated numbers after
 498 discovering a typo in my script.</p>
 499 </div>
 500       <div class="tags">
 501
 502
 503         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
 504
 505
 506       </div>
 507     </div>
 508     <div class="padding"></div>
 509
 510     <div class="entry">
 511       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Using_modalias_info_to_find_packages_handling_my_hardware.html">Using modalias info to find packages handling my hardware</a></div>
 512       <div class="date">15th January 2013</div>
 513       <div class="body"><p>Yesterday, I wrote about the
 514 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Modalias_strings___a_practical_way_to_map__stuff__to_hardware.html">modalias
 515 values provided by the Linux kernel</a> following my hope for
 516 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Lets_make_hardware_dongles_easier_to_use_in_Debian.html">better
 517 dongle support in Debian</a>.  Using this knowledge, I have tested how
 518 modalias values attached to package names can be used to map packages
 519 to hardware.  This allow the system to look up and suggest relevant
 520 packages when I plug in some new hardware into my machine, and replace
 521 discover and discover-data as the database used to map hardware to
 522 packages.</p>
 523
 524 <p>I create a modaliases file with entries like the following,
 525 containing package name, kernel module name (if relevant, otherwise
 526 the package name) and globs matching the relevant hardware
 527 modalias.</p>
 528
 529 <p><blockquote>
 530 Package: package-name
 531 <br>Modaliases: module(modaliasglob, modaliasglob, modaliasglob)</p>
 532 </blockquote></p>
 533
 534 <p>It is fairly trivial to write code to find the relevant packages
 535 for a given modalias value using this file.</p>
 536
 537 <p>An entry like this would suggest the video and picture application
 538 cheese for many USB web cameras (interface bus class 0E01):</p>
 539
 540 <p><blockquote>
 541 Package: cheese
 542 <br>Modaliases: cheese(usb:v*p*d*dc*dsc*dp*ic0Eisc01ip*)</p>
 543 </blockquote></p>
 544
 545 <p>An entry like this would suggest the pcmciautils package when a
 546 CardBus bridge (bus class 0607) PCI device is present:</p>
 547
 548 <p><blockquote>
 549 Package: pcmciautils
 550 <br>Modaliases: pcmciautils(pci:v*d*sv*sd*bc06sc07i*)
 551 </blockquote></p>
 552
 553 <p>An entry like this would suggest the package colorhug-client when
 554 plugging in a ColorHug with USB IDs 04D8:F8DA:</p>
 555
 556 <p><blockquote>
 557 Package: colorhug-client
 558 <br>Modaliases: colorhug-client(usb:v04D8pF8DAd*)</p>
 559 </blockquote></p>
 560
 561 <p>I believe the format is compatible with the format of the Packages
 562 file in the Debian archive.  Ubuntu already uses their Packages file
 563 to store their mappings from packages to hardware.</p>
 564
 565 <p>By adding a XB-Modaliases: header in debian/control, any .deb can
 566 announce the hardware it support in a way my prototype understand.
 567 This allow those publishing packages in an APT source outside the
 568 Debian archive as well as those backporting packages to make sure the
 569 hardware mapping are included in the package meta information.  I've
 570 tested such header in the pymissile package, and its modalias mapping
 571 is working as it should with my prototype.  It even made it to Ubuntu
 572 Raring.</p>
 573
 574 <p>To test if it was possible to look up supported hardware using only
 575 the shell tools available in the Debian installer, I wrote a shell
 576 implementation of the lookup code.  The idea is to create files for
 577 each modalias and let the shell do the matching.  Please check out and
 578 try the
 579 <a href="http://anonscm.debian.org/viewvc/debian-edu/trunk/src/hw-support-handler/hw-support-lookup?view=co">hw-support-lookup</a>
 580 shell script.  It run without any extra dependencies and fetch the
 581 hardware mappings from the Debian archive and the subversion
 582 repository where I currently work on my prototype.</p>
 583
 584 <p>When I use it on a machine with a yubikey inserted, it suggest to
 585 install yubikey-personalization:</p>
 586
 587 <p><blockquote>
 588 % ./hw-support-lookup
 589 <br>yubikey-personalization
 590 <br>%
 591 </blockquote></p>
 592
 593 <p>When I run it on my Thinkpad X40 with a PCMCIA/CardBus slot, it
 594 propose to install the pcmciautils package:</p>
 595
 596 <p><blockquote>
 597 % ./hw-support-lookup
 598 <br>pcmciautils
 599 <br>%
 600 </blockquote></p>
 601
 602 <p>If you know of any hardware-package mapping that should be added to
 603 <a href="http://anonscm.debian.org/viewvc/debian-edu/trunk/src/hw-support-handler/modaliases?view=co">my
 604 database</a>, please tell me about it.</p>
 605
 606 <p>It could be possible to generate several of the mappings between
 607 packages and hardware.  One source would be to look at packages with
 608 kernel modules, ie packages with *.ko files in /lib/modules/, and
 609 extract their modalias information.  Another would be to look at
 610 packages with udev rules, ie packages with files in
 611 /lib/udev/rules.d/, and extract their vendor/model information to
 612 generate a modalias matching rule.  I have not tested any of these to
 613 see if it work.</p>
 614
 615 <p>If you want to help implementing a system to let us propose what
 616 packages to install when new hardware is plugged into a Debian
 617 machine, please send me an email or talk to me on
 618 <a href="irc://irc.debian.org/%23debian-devel">#debian-devel</a>.</p>
 619 </div>
 620       <div class="tags">
 621
 622
 623         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/isenkram">isenkram</a>.
 624
 625
 626       </div>
 627     </div>
 628     <div class="padding"></div>
 629
 630     <div class="entry">
 631       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Modalias_strings___a_practical_way_to_map__stuff__to_hardware.html">Modalias strings - a practical way to map "stuff" to hardware</a></div>
 632       <div class="date">14th January 2013</div>
 633       <div class="body"><p>While looking into how to look up Debian packages based on hardware
 634 information, to find the packages that support a given piece of
 635 hardware, I refreshed my memory regarding modalias values, and decided
 636 to document the details.  Here are my findings so far, also available
 637 in
 638 <a href="http://anonscm.debian.org/viewvc/debian-edu/trunk/src/hw-support-handler/">the
 639 Debian Edu subversion repository</a>:
 640
 641 <p><strong>Modalias decoded</strong></p>
 642
 643 <p>This document try to explain what the different types of modalias
 644 values stands for.  It is in part based on information from
 645 &lt;URL: <a href="https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Modalias">https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Modalias</a> &gt;,
 646 &lt;URL: <a href="http://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/26132/how-to-assign-usb-driver-to-device">http://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/26132/how-to-assign-usb-driver-to-device</a> &gt;,
 647 &lt;URL: <a href="http://code.metager.de/source/history/linux/stable/scripts/mod/file2alias.c">http://code.metager.de/source/history/linux/stable/scripts/mod/file2alias.c</a> &gt; and
 648 &lt;URL: <a href="http://cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/dmidecode/dmidecode.c?root=dmidecode&view=markup">http://cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/dmidecode/dmidecode.c?root=dmidecode&view=markup</a> &gt;.
 649
 650 <p>The modalias entries for a given Linux machine can be found using
 651 this shell script:</p>
 652
 653 <pre>
 654 find /sys -name modalias -print0 | xargs -0 cat | sort -u
 655 </pre>
 656
 657 <p>The supported modalias globs for a given kernel module can be found
 658 using modinfo:</p>
 659
 660 <pre>
 661 % /sbin/modinfo psmouse | grep alias:
 662 alias:          serio:ty05pr*id*ex*
 663 alias:          serio:ty01pr*id*ex*
 664 %
 665 </pre>
 666
 667 <p><strong>PCI subtype</strong></p>
 668
 669 <p>A typical PCI entry can look like this.  This is an Intel Host
 670 Bridge memory controller:</p>
 671
 672 <p><blockquote>
 673 pci:v00008086d00002770sv00001028sd000001ADbc06sc00i00
 674 </blockquote></p>
 675
 676 <p>This represent these values:</p>
 677
 678 <pre>
 679  v   00008086  (vendor)
 680  d   00002770  (device)
 681  sv  00001028  (subvendor)
 682  sd  000001AD  (subdevice)
 683  bc  06        (bus class)
 684  sc  00        (bus subclass)
 685  i   00        (interface)
 686 </pre>
 687
 688 <p>The vendor/device values are the same values outputted from 'lspci
 689 -n' as 8086:2770.  The bus class/subclass is also shown by lspci as
 690 0600.  The 0600 class is a host bridge.  Other useful bus values are
 691 0300 (VGA compatible card) and 0200 (Ethernet controller).</p>
 692
 693 <p>Not sure how to figure out the interface value, nor what it
 694 means.</p>
 695
 696 <p><strong>USB subtype</strong></p>
 697
 698 <p>Some typical USB entries can look like this.  This is an internal
 699 USB hub in a laptop:</p>
 700
 701 <p><blockquote>
 702 usb:v1D6Bp0001d0206dc09dsc00dp00ic09isc00ip00
 703 </blockquote></p>
 704
 705 <p>Here is the values included in this alias:</p>
 706
 707 <pre>
 708  v    1D6B  (device vendor)
 709  p    0001  (device product)
 710  d    0206  (bcddevice)
 711  dc     09  (device class)
 712  dsc    00  (device subclass)
 713  dp     00  (device protocol)
 714  ic     09  (interface class)
 715  isc    00  (interface subclass)
 716  ip     00  (interface protocol)
 717 </pre>
 718
 719 <p>The 0900 device class/subclass means hub.  Some times the relevant
 720 class is in the interface class section.  For a simple USB web camera,
 721 these alias entries show up:</p>
 722
 723 <p><blockquote>
 724 usb:v0AC8p3420d5000dcEFdsc02dp01ic01isc01ip00
 725 <br>usb:v0AC8p3420d5000dcEFdsc02dp01ic01isc02ip00
 726 <br>usb:v0AC8p3420d5000dcEFdsc02dp01ic0Eisc01ip00
 727 <br>usb:v0AC8p3420d5000dcEFdsc02dp01ic0Eisc02ip00
 728 </blockquote></p>
 729
 730 <p>Interface class 0E01 is video control, 0E02 is video streaming (aka
 731 camera), 0101 is audio control device and 0102 is audio streaming (aka
 732 microphone).  Thus this is a camera with microphone included.</p>
 733
 734 <p><strong>ACPI subtype</strong></p>
 735
 736 <p>The ACPI type is used for several non-PCI/USB stuff.  This is an IR
 737 receiver in a Thinkpad X40:</p>
 738
 739 <p><blockquote>
 740 acpi:IBM0071:PNP0511:
 741 </blockquote></p>
 742
 743 <p>The values between the colons are IDs.</p>
 744
 745 <p><strong>DMI subtype</strong></p>
 746
 747 <p>The DMI table contain lots of information about the computer case
 748 and model.  This is an entry for a IBM Thinkpad X40, fetched from
 749 /sys/devices/virtual/dmi/id/modalias:</p>
 750
 751 <p><blockquote>
 752 dmi:bvnIBM:bvr1UETB6WW(1.66):bd06/15/2005:svnIBM:pn2371H4G:pvrThinkPadX40:rvnIBM:rn2371H4G:rvrNotAvailable:cvnIBM:ct10:cvrNotAvailable:
 753 </blockquote></p>
 754
 755 <p>The values present are</p>
 756
 757 <pre>
 758  bvn  IBM            (BIOS vendor)
 759  bvr  1UETB6WW(1.66) (BIOS version)
 760  bd   06/15/2005     (BIOS date)
 761  svn  IBM            (system vendor)
 762  pn   2371H4G        (product name)
 763  pvr  ThinkPadX40    (product version)
 764  rvn  IBM            (board vendor)
 765  rn   2371H4G        (board name)
 766  rvr  NotAvailable   (board version)
 767  cvn  IBM            (chassis vendor)
 768  ct   10             (chassis type)
 769  cvr  NotAvailable   (chassis version)
 770 </pre>
 771
 772 <p>The chassis type 10 is Notebook.  Other interesting values can be
 773 found in the dmidecode source:</p>
 774
 775 <pre>
 776   3 Desktop
 777   4 Low Profile Desktop
 778   5 Pizza Box
 779   6 Mini Tower
 780   7 Tower
 781   8 Portable
 782   9 Laptop
 783  10 Notebook
 784  11 Hand Held
 785  12 Docking Station
 786  13 All In One
 787  14 Sub Notebook
 788  15 Space-saving
 789  16 Lunch Box
 790  17 Main Server Chassis
 791  18 Expansion Chassis
 792  19 Sub Chassis
 793  20 Bus Expansion Chassis
 794  21 Peripheral Chassis
 795  22 RAID Chassis
 796  23 Rack Mount Chassis
 797  24 Sealed-case PC
 798  25 Multi-system
 799  26 CompactPCI
 800  27 AdvancedTCA
 801  28 Blade
 802  29 Blade Enclosing
 803 </pre>
 804
 805 <p>The chassis type values are not always accurately set in the DMI
 806 table.  For example my home server is a tower, but the DMI modalias
 807 claim it is a desktop.</p>
 808
 809 <p><strong>SerIO subtype</strong></p>
 810
 811 <p>This type is used for PS/2 mouse plugs.  One example is from my
 812 test machine:</p>
 813
 814 <p><blockquote>
 815 serio:ty01pr00id00ex00
 816 </blockquote></p>
 817
 818 <p>The values present are</p>
 819
 820 <pre>
 821   ty  01  (type)
 822   pr  00  (prototype)
 823   id  00  (id)
 824   ex  00  (extra)
 825 </pre>
 826
 827 <p>This type is supported by the psmouse driver.  I am not sure what
 828 the valid values are.</p>
 829
 830 <p><strong>Other subtypes</strong></p>
 831
 832 <p>There are heaps of other modalias subtypes according to
 833 file2alias.c.  There is the rest of the list from that source: amba,
 834 ap, bcma, ccw, css, eisa, hid, i2c, ieee1394, input, ipack, isapnp,
 835 mdio, of, parisc, pcmcia, platform, scsi, sdio, spi, ssb, vio, virtio,
 836 vmbus, x86cpu and zorro.  I did not spend time documenting all of
 837 these, as they do not seem relevant for my intended use with mapping
 838 hardware to packages when new stuff is inserted during run time.</p>
 839
 840 <p><strong>Looking up kernel modules using modalias values</strong></p>
 841
 842 <p>To check which kernel modules provide support for a given modalias,
 843 one can use the following shell script:</p>
 844
 845 <pre>
 846   for id in $(find /sys -name modalias -print0 | xargs -0 cat | sort -u); do \
 847     echo "$id" ; \
 848     /sbin/modprobe --show-depends "$id"|sed 's/^/  /' ; \
 849   done
 850 </pre>
 851
 852 <p>The output can look like this (only the first few entries as the
 853 list is very long on my test machine):</p>
 854
 855 <pre>
 856   acpi:ACPI0003:
 857     insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-686/kernel/drivers/acpi/ac.ko
 858   acpi:device:
 859   FATAL: Module acpi:device: not found.
 860   acpi:IBM0068:
 861     insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-686/kernel/drivers/char/nvram.ko
 862     insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-686/kernel/drivers/leds/led-class.ko
 863     insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-686/kernel/net/rfkill/rfkill.ko
 864     insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-686/kernel/drivers/platform/x86/thinkpad_acpi.ko
 865   acpi:IBM0071:PNP0511:
 866     insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-686/kernel/lib/crc-ccitt.ko
 867     insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-686/kernel/net/irda/irda.ko
 868     insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-686/kernel/drivers/net/irda/nsc-ircc.ko
 869   [...]
 870 </pre>
 871
 872 <p>If you want to help implementing a system to let us propose what
 873 packages to install when new hardware is plugged into a Debian
 874 machine, please send me an email or talk to me on
 875 <a href="irc://irc.debian.org/%23debian-devel">#debian-devel</a>.</p>
 876
 877 <p><strong>Update 2013-01-15:</strong> Rewrite "cat $(find ...)" to
 878 "find ... -print0 | xargs -0 cat" to make sure it handle directories
 879 in /sys/ with space in them.</p>
 880 </div>
 881       <div class="tags">
 882
 883
 884         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/isenkram">isenkram</a>.
 885
 886
 887       </div>
 888     </div>
 889     <div class="padding"></div>
 890
 891     <div class="entry">
 892       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Moved_the_pymissile_Debian_packaging_to_collab_maint.html">Moved the pymissile Debian packaging to collab-maint</a></div>
 893       <div class="date">10th January 2013</div>
 894       <div class="body"><p>As part of my investigation on how to improve the support in Debian
 895 for hardware dongles, I dug up my old Mark and Spencer USB Rocket
 896 Launcher and updated the Debian package
 897 <a href="http://packages.qa.debian.org/pymissile">pymissile</a> to make
 898 sure udev will fix the device permissions when it is plugged in.  I
 899 also added a "Modaliases" header to test it in the Debian archive and
 900 hopefully make the package be proposed by jockey in Ubuntu when a user
 901 plug in his rocket launcher.  In the process I moved the source to a
 902 git repository under collab-maint, to make it easier for any DD to
 903 contribute.  <a href="http://code.google.com/p/pymissile/">Upstream</a>
 904 is not very active, but the software still work for me even after five
 905 years of relative silence.  The new git repository is not listed in
 906 the uploaded package yet, because I want to test the other changes a
 907 bit more before I upload the new version.  If you want to check out
 908 the new version with a .desktop file included, visit the
 909 <a href="http://anonscm.debian.org/gitweb/?p=collab-maint/pymissile.git">gitweb
 910 view</a> or use "<tt>git clone
 911 git://anonscm.debian.org/collab-maint/pymissile.git</tt>".</p>
 912 </div>
 913       <div class="tags">
 914
 915
 916         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/robot">robot</a>.
 917
 918
 919       </div>
 920     </div>
 921     <div class="padding"></div>
 922
 923     <p style="text-align: right;"><a href="index.rss"><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/xml.gif" alt="RSS feed" width="36" height="14" /></a></p>
 924     <div id="sidebar">
 925
 926
 927
 928 <h2>Archive</h2>
 929 <ul>
 930
 931 <li>2013
 932 <ul>
 933
 934 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/01/">January (11)</a></li>
 935
 936 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/02/">February (2)</a></li>
 937
 938 </ul></li>
 939
 940 <li>2012
 941 <ul>
 942
 943 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/01/">January (7)</a></li>
 944
 945 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/02/">February (10)</a></li>
 946
 947 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/03/">March (17)</a></li>
 948
 949 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/04/">April (12)</a></li>
 950
 951 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/05/">May (12)</a></li>
 952
 953 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/06/">June (20)</a></li>
 954
 955 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/07/">July (17)</a></li>
 956
 957 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/08/">August (6)</a></li>
 958
 959 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/09/">September (9)</a></li>
 960
 961 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/10/">October (17)</a></li>
 962
 963 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/11/">November (10)</a></li>
 964
 965 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/12/">December (7)</a></li>
 966
 967 </ul></li>
 968
 969 <li>2011
 970 <ul>
 971
 972 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/01/">January (16)</a></li>
 973
 974 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/02/">February (6)</a></li>
 975
 976 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/03/">March (6)</a></li>
 977
 978 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/04/">April (7)</a></li>
 979
 980 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/05/">May (3)</a></li>
 981
 982 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/06/">June (2)</a></li>
 983
 984 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/07/">July (7)</a></li>
 985
 986 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/08/">August (6)</a></li>
 987
 988 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/09/">September (4)</a></li>
 989
 990 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/10/">October (2)</a></li>
 991
 992 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/11/">November (3)</a></li>
 993
 994 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/12/">December (1)</a></li>
 995
 996 </ul></li>
 997
 998 <li>2010
 999 <ul>
1000
1001 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/01/">January (2)</a></li>
1002
1003 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/02/">February (1)</a></li>
1004
1005 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/03/">March (3)</a></li>
1006
1007 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/04/">April (3)</a></li>
1008
1009 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/05/">May (9)</a></li>
1010
1011 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/06/">June (14)</a></li>
1012
1013 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/07/">July (12)</a></li>
1014
1015 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/08/">August (13)</a></li>
1016
1017 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/09/">September (7)</a></li>
1018
1019 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/10/">October (9)</a></li>
1020
1021 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/11/">November (13)</a></li>
1022
1023 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/12/">December (12)</a></li>
1024
1025 </ul></li>
1026
1027 <li>2009
1028 <ul>
1029
1030 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/01/">January (8)</a></li>
1031
1032 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/02/">February (8)</a></li>
1033
1034 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/03/">March (12)</a></li>
1035
1036 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/04/">April (10)</a></li>
1037
1038 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/05/">May (9)</a></li>
1039
1040 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/06/">June (3)</a></li>
1041
1042 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/07/">July (4)</a></li>
1043
1044 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/08/">August (3)</a></li>
1045
1046 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/09/">September (1)</a></li>
1047
1048 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/10/">October (2)</a></li>
1049
1050 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/11/">November (3)</a></li>
1051
1052 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/12/">December (3)</a></li>
1053
1054 </ul></li>
1055
1056 <li>2008
1057 <ul>
1058
1059 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2008/11/">November (5)</a></li>
1060
1061 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2008/12/">December (7)</a></li>
1062
1063 </ul></li>
1064
1065 </ul>
1066
1067
1068
1069 <h2>Tags</h2>
1070 <ul>
1071
1072  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/3d-printer">3d-printer (13)</a></li>
1073
1074  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/amiga">amiga (1)</a></li>
1075
1076  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/aros">aros (1)</a></li>
1077
1078  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bankid">bankid (4)</a></li>
1079
1080  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bitcoin">bitcoin (6)</a></li>
1081
1082  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bootsystem">bootsystem (12)</a></li>
1083
1084  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bsa">bsa (2)</a></li>
1085
1086  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian (70)</a></li>
1087
1088  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian edu">debian edu (118)</a></li>
1089
1090  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/digistan">digistan (9)</a></li>
1091
1092  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/docbook">docbook (7)</a></li>
1093
1094  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/drivstoffpriser">drivstoffpriser (4)</a></li>
1095
1096  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english (176)</a></li>
1097
1098  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/fiksgatami">fiksgatami (21)</a></li>
1099
1100  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/fildeling">fildeling (12)</a></li>
1101
1102  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/freeculture">freeculture (10)</a></li>
1103
1104  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/frikanalen">frikanalen (9)</a></li>
1105
1106  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/intervju">intervju (32)</a></li>
1107
1108  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/isenkram">isenkram (5)</a></li>
1109
1110  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/kart">kart (17)</a></li>
1111
1112  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ldap">ldap (8)</a></li>
1113
1114  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/lenker">lenker (6)</a></li>
1115
1116  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ltsp">ltsp (1)</a></li>
1117
1118  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/multimedia">multimedia (25)</a></li>
1119
1120  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/norsk">norsk (220)</a></li>
1121
1122  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/nuug">nuug (148)</a></li>
1123
1124  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/offentlig innsyn">offentlig innsyn (6)</a></li>
1125
1126  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/open311">open311 (2)</a></li>
1127
1128  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/opphavsrett">opphavsrett (41)</a></li>
1129
1130  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/personvern">personvern (62)</a></li>
1131
1132  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/raid">raid (1)</a></li>
1133
1134  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/reprap">reprap (11)</a></li>
1135
1136  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/rfid">rfid (2)</a></li>
1137
1138  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/robot">robot (6)</a></li>
1139
1140  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/rss">rss (1)</a></li>
1141
1142  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ruter">ruter (4)</a></li>
1143
1144  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/scraperwiki">scraperwiki (2)</a></li>
1145
1146  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sikkerhet">sikkerhet (28)</a></li>
1147
1148  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sitesummary">sitesummary (4)</a></li>
1149
1150  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/skepsis">skepsis (4)</a></li>
1151
1152  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/standard">standard (39)</a></li>
1153
1154  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/stavekontroll">stavekontroll (3)</a></li>
1155
1156  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/stortinget">stortinget (5)</a></li>
1157
1158  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/surveillance">surveillance (13)</a></li>
1159
1160  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sysadmin">sysadmin (1)</a></li>
1161
1162  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/valg">valg (7)</a></li>
1163
1164  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/video">video (35)</a></li>
1165
1166  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/vitenskap">vitenskap (4)</a></li>
1167
1168  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/web">web (26)</a></li>
1169
1170 </ul>
1171
1172
1173     </div>
1174     <p style="text-align: right">
1175  Created by <a href="http://steve.org.uk/Software/chronicle">Chronicle v4.6</a>
1176 </p>
1177
1178   </body>
1179 </html>