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  14  <h1>
  15      <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/">Petter Reinholdtsen</a>
  16
  17  </h1>
  18
  19 </div>
  20
  21
  22     <h3>Entries from January 2013.</h3>
  23
  24     <div class="entry">
  25       <div class="title">
  26         <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Welcome_to_the_world__Isenkram_.html">Welcome to the world, Isenkram!</a>
  27       </div>
  28       <div class="date">
  29         22nd January 2013
  30       </div>
  31       <div class="body">
  32         <p>Yesterday, I
  33 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/First_prototype_ready_making_hardware_easier_to_use_in_Debian.html">asked
  34 for testers</a> for my prototype for making Debian better at handling
  35 pluggable hardware devices, which I
  36 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Lets_make_hardware_dongles_easier_to_use_in_Debian.html">set
  37 out to create</a> earlier this month.  Several valuable testers showed
  38 up, and caused me to really want to to open up the development to more
  39 people.  But before I did this, I want to come up with a sensible name
  40 for this project.  Today I finally decided on a new name, and I have
  41 renamed the project from hw-support-handler to this new name.  In the
  42 process, I moved the source to git and made it available as a
  43 <a href="http://anonscm.debian.org/gitweb/?p=collab-maint/isenkram.git">collab-maint</a>
  44 repository in Debian.  The new name?  It is <strong>Isenkram</strong>.
  45 To fetch and build the latest version of the source, use</p>
  46
  47 <pre>
  48 git clone http://anonscm.debian.org/git/collab-maint/isenkram.git
  49 cd isenkram && git-buildpackage -us -uc
  50 </pre>
  51
  52 <p>I have not yet adjusted all files to use the new name yet.  If you
  53 want to hack on the source or improve the package, please go ahead.
  54 But please talk to me first on IRC or via email before you do major
  55 changes, to make sure we do not step on each others toes. :)</p>
  56
  57 <p>If you wonder what 'isenkram' is, it is a Norwegian word for iron
  58 stuff, typically meaning tools, nails, screws, etc.  Typical hardware
  59 stuff, in other words.  I've been told it is the Norwegian variant of
  60 the German word eisenkram, for those that are familiar with that
  61 word.</p>
  62
  63 <p><strong>Update 2013-01-26</strong>: Added -us -us to build
  64 instructions, to avoid confusing people with an error from the signing
  65 process.</p>
  66
  67 <p><strong>Update 2013-01-27</strong>: Switch to HTTP URL for the git
  68 clone argument to avoid the need for authentication.</p>
  69
  70       </div>
  71       <div class="tags">
  72
  73
  74         Tags: <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/isenkram">isenkram</a>.
  75
  76
  77       </div>
  78     </div>
  79     <div class="padding"></div>
  80
  81     <div class="entry">
  82       <div class="title">
  83         <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/First_prototype_ready_making_hardware_easier_to_use_in_Debian.html">First prototype ready making hardware easier to use in Debian</a>
  84       </div>
  85       <div class="date">
  86         21st January 2013
  87       </div>
  88       <div class="body">
  89         <p>Early this month I set out to try to
  90 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Lets_make_hardware_dongles_easier_to_use_in_Debian.html">improve
  91 the Debian support for pluggable hardware devices</a>.  Now my
  92 prototype is working, and it is ready for a larger audience.  To test
  93 it, fetch the
  94 <a href="http://anonscm.debian.org/viewvc/debian-edu/trunk/src/hw-support-handler/">source
  95 from the Debian Edu subversion repository</a>, build and install the
  96 package.  You might have to log out and in again activate the
  97 autostart script.</p>
  98
  99 <p>The design is simple:</p>
 100
 101 <ul>
 102
 103 <li>Add desktop entry in /usr/share/autostart/ causing a program
 104 hw-support-handlerd to start when the user log in.</li>
 105
 106 <li>This program listen for kernel events about new hardware (directly
 107 from the kernel like udev does), not using HAL dbus events as I
 108 initially did.</li>
 109
 110 <li>When new hardware is inserted, look up the hardware modalias in
 111 the APT database, a database
 112 <a href="http://anonscm.debian.org/viewvc/debian-edu/trunk/src/hw-support-handler/modaliases?view=markup">available
 113 via HTTP</a> and a database available as part of the package.</li>
 114
 115 <li>If a package is mapped to the hardware in question, the package
 116 isn't installed yet and this is the first time the hardware was
 117 plugged in, show a desktop notification suggesting to install the
 118 package or packages.</li>
 119
 120 <li>If the user click on the 'install package now' button, ask
 121 aptdaemon via the PackageKit API to install the requrired package.</li>
 122
 123 <li>aptdaemon ask for root password or sudo password, and install the
 124 package while showing progress information in a window.</li>
 125
 126 </ul>
 127
 128 <p>I still need to come up with a better name for the system.  Here
 129 are some screen shots showing the prototype in action.  First the
 130 notification, then the password request, and finally the request to
 131 approve all the dependencies.  Sorry for the Norwegian Bokmål GUI.</p>
 132
 133 <p><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2013-01-21-hw-support-1-notification.png">
 134 <br><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2013-01-21-hw-support-2-password.png">
 135 <br><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2013-01-21-hw-support-3-dependencies.png">
 136 <br><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2013-01-21-hw-support-4-installing.png">
 137 <br><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2013-01-21-hw-support-5-installing-details.png" width="70%"></p>
 138
 139 <p>The prototype still need to be improved with longer timeouts, but
 140 is already useful.  The database of hardware to package mappings also
 141 need more work.  It is currently compatible with the Ubuntu way of
 142 storing such information in the package control file, but could be
 143 changed to use other formats instead or in addition to the current
 144 method.  I've dropped the use of discover for this mapping, as the
 145 modalias approach is more flexible and easier to use on Linux as long
 146 as the Linux kernel expose its modalias strings directly.</p>
 147
 148 <p><strong>Update 2013-01-21 16:50</strong>: Due to popular demand,
 149 here is the command required to check out and build the source: Use
 150 '<tt>svn checkout
 151 svn://svn.debian.org/debian-edu/trunk/src/hw-support-handler/; cd
 152 hw-support-handler; debuild</tt>'.  If you lack debuild, install the
 153 devscripts package.</p>
 154
 155 <p><strong>Update 2013-01-23 12:00</strong>: The project is now
 156 renamed to Isenkram and the source moved from the Debian Edu
 157 subversion repository to a Debian collab-maint git repository.  See
 158 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Welcome_to_the_world__Isenkram_.html">build
 159 instructions</a> for details.</p>
 160
 161       </div>
 162       <div class="tags">
 163
 164
 165         Tags: <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/isenkram">isenkram</a>.
 166
 167
 168       </div>
 169     </div>
 170     <div class="padding"></div>
 171
 172     <div class="entry">
 173       <div class="title">
 174         <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Thank_you_Thinkpad_X41__for_your_long_and_trustworthy_service.html">Thank you Thinkpad X41, for your long and trustworthy service</a>
 175       </div>
 176       <div class="date">
 177         19th January 2013
 178       </div>
 179       <div class="body">
 180         <p>This Christmas my trusty old laptop died.  It died quietly and
 181 suddenly in bed.  With a quiet whimper, it went completely quiet and
 182 black.  The power button was no longer able to turn it on.  It was a
 183 IBM Thinkpad X41, and the best laptop I ever had.  Better than both
 184 Thinkpads X30, X31, X40, X60, X61 and X61S.  Far better than the
 185 Compaq I had before that.  Now I need to find a replacement.  To keep
 186 going during Christmas, I moved the one year old SSD disk to my old
 187 X40 where it fitted (only one I had left that could use it), but it is
 188 not a durable solution.
 189
 190 <p>My laptop needs are fairly modest.  This is my wishlist from when I
 191 got a new one more than 10 years ago.  It still holds true.:)</p>
 192
 193 <ul>
 194
 195 <li>Lightweight (around 1 kg) and small volume (preferably smaller
 196   than A4).</li>
 197 <li>Robust, it will be in my backpack every day.</li>
 198 <li>Three button mouse and a mouse pin instead of touch pad.</li>
 199 <li>Long battery life time.  Preferable a week.</li>
 200 <li>Internal WIFI network card.</li>
 201 <li>Internal Twisted Pair network card.</li>
 202 <li>Some USB slots (2-3 is plenty)</li>
 203 <li>Good keyboard - similar to the Thinkpad.</li>
 204 <li>Video resolution at least 1024x768, with size around 12" (A4 paper
 205 size).</li>
 206 <li>Hardware supported by Debian Stable, ie the default kernel and
 207   X.org packages.</li>
 208 <li>Quiet, preferably fan free (or at least not using the fan most of
 209   the time).
 210
 211 </ul>
 212
 213 <p>You will notice that there are no RAM and CPU requirements in the
 214 list.  The reason is simply that the specifications on laptops the
 215 last 10-15 years have been sufficient for my needs, and I have to look
 216 at other features to choose my laptop.  But are there still made as
 217 robust laptops as my X41?  The Thinkpad X60/X61 proved to be less
 218 robust, and Thinkpads seem to be heading in the wrong direction since
 219 Lenovo took over.  But I've been told that X220 and X1 Carbon might
 220 still be useful.</p>
 221
 222 <p>Perhaps I should rethink my needs, and look for a pad with an
 223 external keyboard?  I'll have to check the
 224 <a href="http://www.linux-laptop.net/">Linux Laptops site</a> for
 225 well-supported laptops, or perhaps just buy one preinstalled from one
 226 of the vendors listed on the <a href="http://linuxpreloaded.com/">Linux
 227 Pre-loaded site</a>.</p>
 228
 229       </div>
 230       <div class="tags">
 231
 232
 233         Tags: <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
 234
 235
 236       </div>
 237     </div>
 238     <div class="padding"></div>
 239
 240     <div class="entry">
 241       <div class="title">
 242         <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/How_to_find_a_browser_plugin_supporting_a_given_MIME_type.html">How to find a browser plugin supporting a given MIME type</a>
 243       </div>
 244       <div class="date">
 245         18th January 2013
 246       </div>
 247       <div class="body">
 248         <p>Some times I try to figure out which Iceweasel browser plugin to
 249 install to get support for a given MIME type.  Thanks to
 250 <a href="https://wiki.ubuntu.com/MozillaTeam/Plugins">specifications
 251 done by Ubuntu</a> and Mozilla, it is possible to do this in Debian.
 252 Unfortunately, not very many packages provide the needed meta
 253 information, Anyway, here is a small script to look up all browser
 254 plugin packages announcing ther MIME support using this specification:</p>
 255
 256 <pre>
 257 #!/usr/bin/python
 258 import sys
 259 import apt
 260 def pkgs_handling_mimetype(mimetype):
 261     cache = apt.Cache()
 262     cache.open(None)
 263     thepkgs = []
 264     for pkg in cache:
 265         version = pkg.candidate
 266         if version is None:
 267             version = pkg.installed
 268         if version is None:
 269             continue
 270         record = version.record
 271         if not record.has_key('Npp-MimeType'):
 272             continue
 273         mime_types = record['Npp-MimeType'].split(',')
 274         for t in mime_types:
 275             t = t.rstrip().strip()
 276             if t == mimetype:
 277                 thepkgs.append(pkg.name)
 278     return thepkgs
 279 mimetype = "audio/ogg"
 280 if 1 < len(sys.argv):
 281     mimetype = sys.argv[1]
 282 print "Browser plugin packages supporting %s:" % mimetype
 283 for pkg in pkgs_handling_mimetype(mimetype):
 284     print "  %s" %pkg
 285 </pre>
 286
 287 <p>It can be used like this to look up a given MIME type:</p>
 288
 289 <pre>
 290 % ./apt-find-browserplug-for-mimetype
 291 Browser plugin packages supporting audio/ogg:
 292   gecko-mediaplayer
 293 % ./apt-find-browserplug-for-mimetype application/x-shockwave-flash
 294 Browser plugin packages supporting application/x-shockwave-flash:
 295   browser-plugin-gnash
 296 %
 297 </pre>
 298
 299 <p>In Ubuntu this mechanism is combined with support in the browser
 300 itself to query for plugins and propose to install the needed
 301 packages.  It would be great if Debian supported such feature too.  Is
 302 anyone working on adding it?</p>
 303
 304 <p><strong>Update 2013-01-18 14:20</strong>: The Debian BTS
 305 request for icweasel support for this feature is
 306 <a href="http://bugs.debian.org/484010">#484010</a> from 2008 (and
 307 <a href="http://bugs.debian.org/698426">#698426</a> from today).  Lack
 308 of manpower and wish for a different design is the reason thus feature
 309 is not yet in iceweasel from Debian.</p>
 310
 311       </div>
 312       <div class="tags">
 313
 314
 315         Tags: <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
 316
 317
 318       </div>
 319     </div>
 320     <div class="padding"></div>
 321
 322     <div class="entry">
 323       <div class="title">
 324         <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/What_is_the_most_supported_MIME_type_in_Debian_.html">What is the most supported MIME type in Debian?</a>
 325       </div>
 326       <div class="date">
 327         16th January 2013
 328       </div>
 329       <div class="body">
 330         <p>The <a href="http://wiki.debian.org/AppStreamDebianProposal">DEP-11
 331 proposal to add AppStream information to the Debian archive</a>, is a
 332 proposal to make it possible for a Desktop application to propose to
 333 the user some package to install to gain support for a given MIME
 334 type, font, library etc. that is currently missing.  With such
 335 mechanism in place, it would be possible for the desktop to
 336 automatically propose and install leocad if some LDraw file is
 337 downloaded by the browser.</p>
 338
 339 <p>To get some idea about the current content of the archive, I decided
 340 to write a simple program to extract all .desktop files from the
 341 Debian archive and look up the claimed MIME support there.  The result
 342 can be found on the
 343 <a href="http://ftp.skolelinux.org/pub/AppStreamTest">Skolelinux FTP
 344 site</a>.  Using the collected information, it become possible to
 345 answer the question in the title.  Here are the 20 most supported MIME
 346 types in Debian stable (Squeeze), testing (Wheezy) and unstable (Sid).
 347 The complete list is available from the link above.</p>
 348
 349 <p><strong>Debian Stable:</strong></p>
 350
 351 <pre>
 352   count MIME type
 353   ----- -----------------------
 354      32 text/plain
 355      30 audio/mpeg
 356      29 image/png
 357      28 image/jpeg
 358      27 application/ogg
 359      26 audio/x-mp3
 360      25 image/tiff
 361      25 image/gif
 362      22 image/bmp
 363      22 audio/x-wav
 364      20 audio/x-flac
 365      19 audio/x-mpegurl
 366      18 video/x-ms-asf
 367      18 audio/x-musepack
 368      18 audio/x-mpeg
 369      18 application/x-ogg
 370      17 video/mpeg
 371      17 audio/x-scpls
 372      17 audio/ogg
 373      16 video/x-ms-wmv
 374 </pre>
 375
 376 <p><strong>Debian Testing:</strong></p>
 377
 378 <pre>
 379   count MIME type
 380   ----- -----------------------
 381      33 text/plain
 382      32 image/png
 383      32 image/jpeg
 384      29 audio/mpeg
 385      27 image/gif
 386      26 image/tiff
 387      26 application/ogg
 388      25 audio/x-mp3
 389      22 image/bmp
 390      21 audio/x-wav
 391      19 audio/x-mpegurl
 392      19 audio/x-mpeg
 393      18 video/mpeg
 394      18 audio/x-scpls
 395      18 audio/x-flac
 396      18 application/x-ogg
 397      17 video/x-ms-asf
 398      17 text/html
 399      17 audio/x-musepack
 400      16 image/x-xbitmap
 401 </pre>
 402
 403 <p><strong>Debian Unstable:</strong></p>
 404
 405 <pre>
 406   count MIME type
 407   ----- -----------------------
 408      31 text/plain
 409      31 image/png
 410      31 image/jpeg
 411      29 audio/mpeg
 412      28 application/ogg
 413      27 image/gif
 414      26 image/tiff
 415      26 audio/x-mp3
 416      23 audio/x-wav
 417      22 image/bmp
 418      21 audio/x-flac
 419      20 audio/x-mpegurl
 420      19 audio/x-mpeg
 421      18 video/x-ms-asf
 422      18 video/mpeg
 423      18 audio/x-scpls
 424      18 application/x-ogg
 425      17 audio/x-musepack
 426      16 video/x-ms-wmv
 427      16 video/x-msvideo
 428 </pre>
 429
 430 <p>I am told that PackageKit can provide an API to access the kind of
 431 information mentioned in DEP-11.  I have not yet had time to look at
 432 it, but hope the PackageKit people in Debian are on top of these
 433 issues.</p>
 434
 435 <p><strong>Update 2013-01-16 13:35</strong>: Updated numbers after
 436 discovering a typo in my script.</p>
 437
 438       </div>
 439       <div class="tags">
 440
 441
 442         Tags: <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
 443
 444
 445       </div>
 446     </div>
 447     <div class="padding"></div>
 448
 449     <div class="entry">
 450       <div class="title">
 451         <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Using_modalias_info_to_find_packages_handling_my_hardware.html">Using modalias info to find packages handling my hardware</a>
 452       </div>
 453       <div class="date">
 454         15th January 2013
 455       </div>
 456       <div class="body">
 457         <p>Yesterday, I wrote about the
 458 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Modalias_strings___a_practical_way_to_map__stuff__to_hardware.html">modalias
 459 values provided by the Linux kernel</a> following my hope for
 460 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Lets_make_hardware_dongles_easier_to_use_in_Debian.html">better
 461 dongle support in Debian</a>.  Using this knowledge, I have tested how
 462 modalias values attached to package names can be used to map packages
 463 to hardware.  This allow the system to look up and suggest relevant
 464 packages when I plug in some new hardware into my machine, and replace
 465 discover and discover-data as the database used to map hardware to
 466 packages.</p>
 467
 468 <p>I create a modaliases file with entries like the following,
 469 containing package name, kernel module name (if relevant, otherwise
 470 the package name) and globs matching the relevant hardware
 471 modalias.</p>
 472
 473 <p><blockquote>
 474 Package: package-name
 475 <br>Modaliases: module(modaliasglob, modaliasglob, modaliasglob)</p>
 476 </blockquote></p>
 477
 478 <p>It is fairly trivial to write code to find the relevant packages
 479 for a given modalias value using this file.</p>
 480
 481 <p>An entry like this would suggest the video and picture application
 482 cheese for many USB web cameras (interface bus class 0E01):</p>
 483
 484 <p><blockquote>
 485 Package: cheese
 486 <br>Modaliases: cheese(usb:v*p*d*dc*dsc*dp*ic0Eisc01ip*)</p>
 487 </blockquote></p>
 488
 489 <p>An entry like this would suggest the pcmciautils package when a
 490 CardBus bridge (bus class 0607) PCI device is present:</p>
 491
 492 <p><blockquote>
 493 Package: pcmciautils
 494 <br>Modaliases: pcmciautils(pci:v*d*sv*sd*bc06sc07i*)
 495 </blockquote></p>
 496
 497 <p>An entry like this would suggest the package colorhug-client when
 498 plugging in a ColorHug with USB IDs 04D8:F8DA:</p>
 499
 500 <p><blockquote>
 501 Package: colorhug-client
 502 <br>Modaliases: colorhug-client(usb:v04D8pF8DAd*)</p>
 503 </blockquote></p>
 504
 505 <p>I believe the format is compatible with the format of the Packages
 506 file in the Debian archive.  Ubuntu already uses their Packages file
 507 to store their mappings from packages to hardware.</p>
 508
 509 <p>By adding a XB-Modaliases: header in debian/control, any .deb can
 510 announce the hardware it support in a way my prototype understand.
 511 This allow those publishing packages in an APT source outside the
 512 Debian archive as well as those backporting packages to make sure the
 513 hardware mapping are included in the package meta information.  I've
 514 tested such header in the pymissile package, and its modalias mapping
 515 is working as it should with my prototype.  It even made it to Ubuntu
 516 Raring.</p>
 517
 518 <p>To test if it was possible to look up supported hardware using only
 519 the shell tools available in the Debian installer, I wrote a shell
 520 implementation of the lookup code.  The idea is to create files for
 521 each modalias and let the shell do the matching.  Please check out and
 522 try the
 523 <a href="http://anonscm.debian.org/viewvc/debian-edu/trunk/src/hw-support-handler/hw-support-lookup?view=co">hw-support-lookup</a>
 524 shell script.  It run without any extra dependencies and fetch the
 525 hardware mappings from the Debian archive and the subversion
 526 repository where I currently work on my prototype.</p>
 527
 528 <p>When I use it on a machine with a yubikey inserted, it suggest to
 529 install yubikey-personalization:</p>
 530
 531 <p><blockquote>
 532 % ./hw-support-lookup
 533 <br>yubikey-personalization
 534 <br>%
 535 </blockquote></p>
 536
 537 <p>When I run it on my Thinkpad X40 with a PCMCIA/CardBus slot, it
 538 propose to install the pcmciautils package:</p>
 539
 540 <p><blockquote>
 541 % ./hw-support-lookup
 542 <br>pcmciautils
 543 <br>%
 544 </blockquote></p>
 545
 546 <p>If you know of any hardware-package mapping that should be added to
 547 <a href="http://anonscm.debian.org/viewvc/debian-edu/trunk/src/hw-support-handler/modaliases?view=co">my
 548 database</a>, please tell me about it.</p>
 549
 550 <p>It could be possible to generate several of the mappings between
 551 packages and hardware.  One source would be to look at packages with
 552 kernel modules, ie packages with *.ko files in /lib/modules/, and
 553 extract their modalias information.  Another would be to look at
 554 packages with udev rules, ie packages with files in
 555 /lib/udev/rules.d/, and extract their vendor/model information to
 556 generate a modalias matching rule.  I have not tested any of these to
 557 see if it work.</p>
 558
 559 <p>If you want to help implementing a system to let us propose what
 560 packages to install when new hardware is plugged into a Debian
 561 machine, please send me an email or talk to me on
 562 <a href="irc://irc.debian.org/%23debian-devel">#debian-devel</a>.</p>
 563
 564       </div>
 565       <div class="tags">
 566
 567
 568         Tags: <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/isenkram">isenkram</a>.
 569
 570
 571       </div>
 572     </div>
 573     <div class="padding"></div>
 574
 575     <div class="entry">
 576       <div class="title">
 577         <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Modalias_strings___a_practical_way_to_map__stuff__to_hardware.html">Modalias strings - a practical way to map "stuff" to hardware</a>
 578       </div>
 579       <div class="date">
 580         14th January 2013
 581       </div>
 582       <div class="body">
 583         <p>While looking into how to look up Debian packages based on hardware
 584 information, to find the packages that support a given piece of
 585 hardware, I refreshed my memory regarding modalias values, and decided
 586 to document the details.  Here are my findings so far, also available
 587 in
 588 <a href="http://anonscm.debian.org/viewvc/debian-edu/trunk/src/hw-support-handler/">the
 589 Debian Edu subversion repository</a>:
 590
 591 <p><strong>Modalias decoded</strong></p>
 592
 593 <p>This document try to explain what the different types of modalias
 594 values stands for.  It is in part based on information from
 595 &lt;URL: <a href="https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Modalias">https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Modalias</a> &gt;,
 596 &lt;URL: <a href="http://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/26132/how-to-assign-usb-driver-to-device">http://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/26132/how-to-assign-usb-driver-to-device</a> &gt;,
 597 &lt;URL: <a href="http://code.metager.de/source/history/linux/stable/scripts/mod/file2alias.c">http://code.metager.de/source/history/linux/stable/scripts/mod/file2alias.c</a> &gt; and
 598 &lt;URL: <a href="http://cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/dmidecode/dmidecode.c?root=dmidecode&view=markup">http://cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/dmidecode/dmidecode.c?root=dmidecode&view=markup</a> &gt;.
 599
 600 <p>The modalias entries for a given Linux machine can be found using
 601 this shell script:</p>
 602
 603 <pre>
 604 find /sys -name modalias -print0 | xargs -0 cat | sort -u
 605 </pre>
 606
 607 <p>The supported modalias globs for a given kernel module can be found
 608 using modinfo:</p>
 609
 610 <pre>
 611 % /sbin/modinfo psmouse | grep alias:
 612 alias:          serio:ty05pr*id*ex*
 613 alias:          serio:ty01pr*id*ex*
 614 %
 615 </pre>
 616
 617 <p><strong>PCI subtype</strong></p>
 618
 619 <p>A typical PCI entry can look like this.  This is an Intel Host
 620 Bridge memory controller:</p>
 621
 622 <p><blockquote>
 623 pci:v00008086d00002770sv00001028sd000001ADbc06sc00i00
 624 </blockquote></p>
 625
 626 <p>This represent these values:</p>
 627
 628 <pre>
 629  v   00008086  (vendor)
 630  d   00002770  (device)
 631  sv  00001028  (subvendor)
 632  sd  000001AD  (subdevice)
 633  bc  06        (bus class)
 634  sc  00        (bus subclass)
 635  i   00        (interface)
 636 </pre>
 637
 638 <p>The vendor/device values are the same values outputted from 'lspci
 639 -n' as 8086:2770.  The bus class/subclass is also shown by lspci as
 640 0600.  The 0600 class is a host bridge.  Other useful bus values are
 641 0300 (VGA compatible card) and 0200 (Ethernet controller).</p>
 642
 643 <p>Not sure how to figure out the interface value, nor what it
 644 means.</p>
 645
 646 <p><strong>USB subtype</strong></p>
 647
 648 <p>Some typical USB entries can look like this.  This is an internal
 649 USB hub in a laptop:</p>
 650
 651 <p><blockquote>
 652 usb:v1D6Bp0001d0206dc09dsc00dp00ic09isc00ip00
 653 </blockquote></p>
 654
 655 <p>Here is the values included in this alias:</p>
 656
 657 <pre>
 658  v    1D6B  (device vendor)
 659  p    0001  (device product)
 660  d    0206  (bcddevice)
 661  dc     09  (device class)
 662  dsc    00  (device subclass)
 663  dp     00  (device protocol)
 664  ic     09  (interface class)
 665  isc    00  (interface subclass)
 666  ip     00  (interface protocol)
 667 </pre>
 668
 669 <p>The 0900 device class/subclass means hub.  Some times the relevant
 670 class is in the interface class section.  For a simple USB web camera,
 671 these alias entries show up:</p>
 672
 673 <p><blockquote>
 674 usb:v0AC8p3420d5000dcEFdsc02dp01ic01isc01ip00
 675 <br>usb:v0AC8p3420d5000dcEFdsc02dp01ic01isc02ip00
 676 <br>usb:v0AC8p3420d5000dcEFdsc02dp01ic0Eisc01ip00
 677 <br>usb:v0AC8p3420d5000dcEFdsc02dp01ic0Eisc02ip00
 678 </blockquote></p>
 679
 680 <p>Interface class 0E01 is video control, 0E02 is video streaming (aka
 681 camera), 0101 is audio control device and 0102 is audio streaming (aka
 682 microphone).  Thus this is a camera with microphone included.</p>
 683
 684 <p><strong>ACPI subtype</strong></p>
 685
 686 <p>The ACPI type is used for several non-PCI/USB stuff.  This is an IR
 687 receiver in a Thinkpad X40:</p>
 688
 689 <p><blockquote>
 690 acpi:IBM0071:PNP0511:
 691 </blockquote></p>
 692
 693 <p>The values between the colons are IDs.</p>
 694
 695 <p><strong>DMI subtype</strong></p>
 696
 697 <p>The DMI table contain lots of information about the computer case
 698 and model.  This is an entry for a IBM Thinkpad X40, fetched from
 699 /sys/devices/virtual/dmi/id/modalias:</p>
 700
 701 <p><blockquote>
 702 dmi:bvnIBM:bvr1UETB6WW(1.66):bd06/15/2005:svnIBM:pn2371H4G:pvrThinkPadX40:rvnIBM:rn2371H4G:rvrNotAvailable:cvnIBM:ct10:cvrNotAvailable:
 703 </blockquote></p>
 704
 705 <p>The values present are</p>
 706
 707 <pre>
 708  bvn  IBM            (BIOS vendor)
 709  bvr  1UETB6WW(1.66) (BIOS version)
 710  bd   06/15/2005     (BIOS date)
 711  svn  IBM            (system vendor)
 712  pn   2371H4G        (product name)
 713  pvr  ThinkPadX40    (product version)
 714  rvn  IBM            (board vendor)
 715  rn   2371H4G        (board name)
 716  rvr  NotAvailable   (board version)
 717  cvn  IBM            (chassis vendor)
 718  ct   10             (chassis type)
 719  cvr  NotAvailable   (chassis version)
 720 </pre>
 721
 722 <p>The chassis type 10 is Notebook.  Other interesting values can be
 723 found in the dmidecode source:</p>
 724
 725 <pre>
 726   3 Desktop
 727   4 Low Profile Desktop
 728   5 Pizza Box
 729   6 Mini Tower
 730   7 Tower
 731   8 Portable
 732   9 Laptop
 733  10 Notebook
 734  11 Hand Held
 735  12 Docking Station
 736  13 All In One
 737  14 Sub Notebook
 738  15 Space-saving
 739  16 Lunch Box
 740  17 Main Server Chassis
 741  18 Expansion Chassis
 742  19 Sub Chassis
 743  20 Bus Expansion Chassis
 744  21 Peripheral Chassis
 745  22 RAID Chassis
 746  23 Rack Mount Chassis
 747  24 Sealed-case PC
 748  25 Multi-system
 749  26 CompactPCI
 750  27 AdvancedTCA
 751  28 Blade
 752  29 Blade Enclosing
 753 </pre>
 754
 755 <p>The chassis type values are not always accurately set in the DMI
 756 table.  For example my home server is a tower, but the DMI modalias
 757 claim it is a desktop.</p>
 758
 759 <p><strong>SerIO subtype</strong></p>
 760
 761 <p>This type is used for PS/2 mouse plugs.  One example is from my
 762 test machine:</p>
 763
 764 <p><blockquote>
 765 serio:ty01pr00id00ex00
 766 </blockquote></p>
 767
 768 <p>The values present are</p>
 769
 770 <pre>
 771   ty  01  (type)
 772   pr  00  (prototype)
 773   id  00  (id)
 774   ex  00  (extra)
 775 </pre>
 776
 777 <p>This type is supported by the psmouse driver.  I am not sure what
 778 the valid values are.</p>
 779
 780 <p><strong>Other subtypes</strong></p>
 781
 782 <p>There are heaps of other modalias subtypes according to
 783 file2alias.c.  There is the rest of the list from that source: amba,
 784 ap, bcma, ccw, css, eisa, hid, i2c, ieee1394, input, ipack, isapnp,
 785 mdio, of, parisc, pcmcia, platform, scsi, sdio, spi, ssb, vio, virtio,
 786 vmbus, x86cpu and zorro.  I did not spend time documenting all of
 787 these, as they do not seem relevant for my intended use with mapping
 788 hardware to packages when new stuff is inserted during run time.</p>
 789
 790 <p><strong>Looking up kernel modules using modalias values</strong></p>
 791
 792 <p>To check which kernel modules provide support for a given modalias,
 793 one can use the following shell script:</p>
 794
 795 <pre>
 796   for id in $(find /sys -name modalias -print0 | xargs -0 cat | sort -u); do \
 797     echo "$id" ; \
 798     /sbin/modprobe --show-depends "$id"|sed 's/^/  /' ; \
 799   done
 800 </pre>
 801
 802 <p>The output can look like this (only the first few entries as the
 803 list is very long on my test machine):</p>
 804
 805 <pre>
 806   acpi:ACPI0003:
 807     insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-686/kernel/drivers/acpi/ac.ko
 808   acpi:device:
 809   FATAL: Module acpi:device: not found.
 810   acpi:IBM0068:
 811     insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-686/kernel/drivers/char/nvram.ko
 812     insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-686/kernel/drivers/leds/led-class.ko
 813     insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-686/kernel/net/rfkill/rfkill.ko
 814     insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-686/kernel/drivers/platform/x86/thinkpad_acpi.ko
 815   acpi:IBM0071:PNP0511:
 816     insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-686/kernel/lib/crc-ccitt.ko
 817     insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-686/kernel/net/irda/irda.ko
 818     insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-686/kernel/drivers/net/irda/nsc-ircc.ko
 819   [...]
 820 </pre>
 821
 822 <p>If you want to help implementing a system to let us propose what
 823 packages to install when new hardware is plugged into a Debian
 824 machine, please send me an email or talk to me on
 825 <a href="irc://irc.debian.org/%23debian-devel">#debian-devel</a>.</p>
 826
 827 <p><strong>Update 2013-01-15:</strong> Rewrite "cat $(find ...)" to
 828 "find ... -print0 | xargs -0 cat" to make sure it handle directories
 829 in /sys/ with space in them.</p>
 830
 831       </div>
 832       <div class="tags">
 833
 834
 835         Tags: <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/isenkram">isenkram</a>.
 836
 837
 838       </div>
 839     </div>
 840     <div class="padding"></div>
 841
 842     <div class="entry">
 843       <div class="title">
 844         <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Moved_the_pymissile_Debian_packaging_to_collab_maint.html">Moved the pymissile Debian packaging to collab-maint</a>
 845       </div>
 846       <div class="date">
 847         10th January 2013
 848       </div>
 849       <div class="body">
 850         <p>As part of my investigation on how to improve the support in Debian
 851 for hardware dongles, I dug up my old Mark and Spencer USB Rocket
 852 Launcher and updated the Debian package
 853 <a href="http://packages.qa.debian.org/pymissile">pymissile</a> to make
 854 sure udev will fix the device permissions when it is plugged in.  I
 855 also added a "Modaliases" header to test it in the Debian archive and
 856 hopefully make the package be proposed by jockey in Ubuntu when a user
 857 plug in his rocket launcher.  In the process I moved the source to a
 858 git repository under collab-maint, to make it easier for any DD to
 859 contribute.  <a href="http://code.google.com/p/pymissile/">Upstream</a>
 860 is not very active, but the software still work for me even after five
 861 years of relative silence.  The new git repository is not listed in
 862 the uploaded package yet, because I want to test the other changes a
 863 bit more before I upload the new version.  If you want to check out
 864 the new version with a .desktop file included, visit the
 865 <a href="http://anonscm.debian.org/gitweb/?p=collab-maint/pymissile.git">gitweb
 866 view</a> or use "<tt>git clone
 867 git://anonscm.debian.org/collab-maint/pymissile.git</tt>".</p>
 868
 869       </div>
 870       <div class="tags">
 871
 872
 873         Tags: <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/isenkram">isenkram</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/robot">robot</a>.
 874
 875
 876       </div>
 877     </div>
 878     <div class="padding"></div>
 879
 880     <div class="entry">
 881       <div class="title">
 882         <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Lets_make_hardware_dongles_easier_to_use_in_Debian.html">Lets make hardware dongles easier to use in Debian</a>
 883       </div>
 884       <div class="date">
 885          9th January 2013
 886       </div>
 887       <div class="body">
 888         <p>One thing that annoys me with Debian and Linux distributions in
 889 general, is that there is a great package management system with the
 890 ability to automatically install software packages by downloading them
 891 from the distribution mirrors, but no way to get it to automatically
 892 install the packages I need to use the hardware I plug into my
 893 machine.  Even if the package to use it is easily available from the
 894 Linux distribution.  When I plug in a LEGO Mindstorms NXT, it could
 895 suggest to automatically install the python-nxt, nbc and t2n packages
 896 I need to talk to it.  When I plug in a Yubikey, it could propose the
 897 yubikey-personalization package.  The information required to do this
 898 is available, but no-one have pulled all the pieces together.</p>
 899
 900 <p>Some years ago, I proposed to
 901 <a href="http://lists.debian.org/debian-devel/2010/05/msg01206.html">use
 902 the discover subsystem to implement this</a>.  The idea is fairly
 903 simple:
 904
 905 <ul>
 906
 907 <li>Add a desktop entry in /usr/share/autostart/ pointing to a program
 908   starting when a user log in.</li>
 909
 910 <li>Set this program up to listen for kernel events emitted when new
 911   hardware is inserted into the computer.</li>
 912
 913 <li>When new hardware is inserted, look up the hardware ID in a
 914   database mapping to packages, and take note of any non-installed
 915   packages.</li>
 916
 917 <li>Show a message to the user proposing to install the discovered
 918   package, and make it easy to install it.</li>
 919
 920 </ul>
 921
 922 <p>I am not sure what the best way to implement this is, but my
 923 initial idea was to use dbus events to discover new hardware, the
 924 discover database to find packages and
 925 <a href="http://www.packagekit.org/">PackageKit</a> to install
 926 packages.</p>
 927
 928 <p>Yesterday, I found time to try to implement this idea, and the
 929 draft package is now checked into
 930 <a href="http://anonscm.debian.org/viewvc/debian-edu/trunk/src/hw-support-handler/">the
 931 Debian Edu subversion repository</a>.  In the process, I updated the
 932 <a href="http://packages.qa.debian.org/d/discover-data.html">discover-data</a>
 933 package to map the USB ids of LEGO Mindstorms and Yubikey devices to
 934 the relevant packages in Debian, and uploaded a new version
 935 2.2013.01.09 to unstable.  I also discovered that the current
 936 <a href="http://packages.qa.debian.org/d/discover.html">discover</a>
 937 package in Debian no longer discovered any USB devices, because
 938 /proc/bus/usb/devices is no longer present.  I ported it to use
 939 libusb as a fall back option to get it working.  The fixed package
 940 version 2.1.2-6 is now in experimental (didn't upload it to unstable
 941 because of the freeze).</p>
 942
 943 <p>With this prototype in place, I can insert my Yubikey, and get this
 944 desktop notification to show up (only once, the first time it is
 945 inserted):</p>
 946
 947 <p align="center"><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2013-01-09-hw-autoinstall.png"></p>
 948
 949 <p>For this prototype to be really useful, some way to automatically
 950 install the proposed packages by pressing the "Please install
 951 program(s)" button should to be implemented.</p>
 952
 953 <p>If this idea seem useful to you, and you want to help make it
 954 happen, please help me update the discover-data database with mappings
 955 from hardware to Debian packages.  Check if 'discover-pkginstall -l'
 956 list the package you would like to have installed when a given
 957 hardware device is inserted into your computer, and report bugs using
 958 reportbug if it isn't.  Or, if you know of a better way to provide
 959 such mapping, please let me know.</p>
 960
 961 <p>This prototype need more work, and there are several questions that
 962 should be considered before it is ready for production use.  Is dbus
 963 the correct way to detect new hardware?  At the moment I look for HAL
 964 dbus events on the system bus, because that is the events I could see
 965 on my Debian Squeeze KDE desktop.  Are there better events to use?
 966 How should the user be notified?  Is the desktop notification
 967 mechanism the best option, or should the background daemon raise a
 968 popup instead?  How should packages be installed?  When should they
 969 not be installed?</p>
 970
 971 <p>If you want to help getting such feature implemented in Debian,
 972 please send me an email. :)</p>
 973
 974       </div>
 975       <div class="tags">
 976
 977
 978         Tags: <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/isenkram">isenkram</a>.
 979
 980
 981       </div>
 982     </div>
 983     <div class="padding"></div>
 984
 985     <div class="entry">
 986       <div class="title">
 987         <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/New_IRC_channel_for_LEGO_designers_using_Debian.html">New IRC channel for LEGO designers using Debian</a>
 988       </div>
 989       <div class="date">
 990          2nd January 2013
 991       </div>
 992       <div class="body">
 993         <p>During Christmas, I have worked a bit on the Debian support for
 994 <a href="http://mindstorms.lego.com/en-us/Default.aspx">LEGO Mindstorm
 995 NXT</a>.  My son and I have played a bit with my NXT set, and I
 996 discovered I had to build all the tools myself because none were
 997 already in Debian Squeeze.  If Debian support for LEGO is something
 998 you care about, please join me on the IRC channel
 999 <a href="irc://irc.debian.org/%23debian-lego">#debian-lego</a> (server
1000 irc.debian.org).  There is a lot that could be done to improve the
1001 Debian support for LEGO designers.  For example both CAD software
1002 and Mindstorm compilers are missing. :)</p>
1003
1004 <p>Update 2012-01-03: A
1005 <a href="http://wiki.debian.org/LegoDesigners">project page</a>
1006 including links to Lego related packages is now available.</p>
1007
1008       </div>
1009       <div class="tags">
1010
1011
1012         Tags: <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/lego">lego</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/robot">robot</a>.
1013
1014
1015       </div>
1016     </div>
1017     <div class="padding"></div>
1018
1019     <div class="entry">
1020       <div class="title">
1021         <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Lenker_for_2013_01_01.html">Lenker for 2013-01-01</a>
1022       </div>
1023       <div class="date">
1024          1st January 2013
1025       </div>
1026       <div class="body">
1027         <p>Her er noen lenker til tekster jeg har satt pris på å lese den
1028 siste måneden.</p>
1029
1030 <ul>
1031
1032 <li>2012-12-07
1033   <a href="http://www.idg.no/computerworld/article262047.ece">Myter og
1034   FUD om fri programvare</a> av min venn Christer Gundersen som
1035   kommenterer noen av de påstandene som er spredt via Computerworld
1036   Norge de siste månedene.</li>
1037
1038 <li>BankID er et opplegg der utsteder (dvs. banken eller dens
1039   leverandør) sitter på alt som trengs for å bruke BankID, men har
1040   lovet å ikke bruke den unntatt på oppdrag fra deg.  Det er greit nok
1041   for banktjenester, der banken allerede har full kontroll over
1042   resultatet, men problematisk når det gjelder tilgang til
1043   helseopplysninger og avtaleinngåelse med andre enn banken.  Jeg
1044   håper protestene brer om seg.
1045
1046   <ul>
1047
1048   <li>2012-12-11 <a href="http://www.aftenposten.no/meninger/debatt/BankID-blottlegger-helseopplysninger-7067148.html">BankID
1049     blottlegger helseopplysninger</a></li>
1050
1051   <li>2012-12-07 <a href="http://www.nrk.no/nyheter/norge/1.9695027">-
1052     Helseopplysningene ikke sikre med Bank-ID</a></li>
1053
1054   <li>2012-12-07
1055     <a href="https://www.bankid.no/Presse-og-nyheter/Nyhetsarkiv/2012/Papeker-alvorlige-men-kjente-utfordringer/">Påpeker
1056     alvorlige, men kjente utfordringer</a> er den offisielle
1057     holdningen til de som lager BankID.</li>
1058
1059   <li>2012-12-08
1060     <a href="http://www.tnp.no/norway/panorama/3419-ntnu-researcher-warns-against-security-of-bank-id-password">NTNU
1061       Researcher Warns against Security of Bank ID Password</a>
1062
1063   </ul>
1064
1065 <li>2012-12-11 <a href="http://www.aftenposten.no/nyheter/iriks/Norske-elever-er-darligst-i-Europa-pa-algebra-7066752.html">Norske elever er dårligst i Europa på algebra</a>
1066
1067 <li>2012-12-11
1068   <a href="http://www.aftenposten.no/meninger/debatt/Realfagsdodaren-7067173.html">Realfagsdødaren</a>
1069
1070 <li>2012-12-21
1071   <a href="http://www.bt.no/nyheter/innenriks/112/--Forventningene-er-for-hoye-2816450.html">-
1072   Noen må bli skuffet</a> - Politiet i Bergen forteller hvor lavt de
1073   prioriterer hverdagskriminalitet.</li>
1074
1075 <li>2012-05-03
1076   <a href="http://e24.no/jobb/kripos-ansatt-doemt-for-snoking-for-venn/20208585">
1077   Kripos-ansatt dømt for snoking for venn</A> - viser hvor svak
1078   reaksjonen blir når politiet misbruker innsamlet informasjon.  En
1079   forvarsel på konsekvensene av nasjonal brev- og besøkskontroll -
1080   ofte kalt Datalagringsdirektivet.</li>
1081
1082 <li>2012-12-14
1083   <a href="http://www.dagbladet.no/2012/12/14/kultur/debatt/kronikk/jul/ensomhet/24838541/">Å
1084   smøre en forskjell</a> - om ensomhet og jul.</li>
1085
1086 <li>2012-12-18
1087   <a href="http://www.aftenposten.no/meninger/kronikker/n-krise-av-gangen_-takk-7072452.html">Én
1088   krise av gangen, takk!</a>
1089
1090
1091 <li>2012-12-17
1092   <a href="http://www.aftenposten.no/meninger/NAV-Et-mangehodet-monster--7072165.html">NAV:
1093   Et mangehodet monster</a></li>
1094
1095 <li>2011-01-12
1096   <a href="http://www.dagbladet.no/2011/01/12/kultur/debatt/kronikk/personvern/15027203/">Pasienter
1097   uten vern</a> - forteller litt om hvordan Norsk Pasientregister og
1098   andre helseregister raderer bort pasienters privatsfære.</li>
1099
1100
1101 <li>2012-12-19
1102   <a href="http://www.aftenposten.no/meninger/debatt/Hvorfor-er-barnefamilier-fattige-7073951.html">Hvorfor
1103   er barnefamilier fattige?</a></li>
1104
1105 <li>2012-12-25
1106   <a href="http://www.aftenposten.no/meninger/spaltister/Den-skjulte-minoriteten--konservative-kristne-i-Norge-7075518.html">Den
1107   skjulte minoriteten – konservative kristne i Norge</a> - kronikk av
1108   Bjørn Stærk fra aftenposten</li>
1109
1110 <li>2009-05-04
1111   <a href="http://deltemeninger.no/-/bulletin/show/303429_folkebiblioteket-2-0?ref=checkpoint">Folkebiblioteket
1112   2.0</a> - Min venn Sturle om opphavsrett og Internett, i debatt med
1113   Olav Torvund.</li>
1114
1115 </ul>
1116
1117 <p>Og et godt nytt år til dere alle!</p>
1118
1119       </div>
1120       <div class="tags">
1121
1122
1123         Tags: <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bankid">bankid</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/lenker">lenker</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/norsk">norsk</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/opphavsrett">opphavsrett</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/personvern">personvern</a>.
1124
1125
1126       </div>
1127     </div>
1128     <div class="padding"></div>
1129
1130     <p style="text-align: right;"><a href="01.rss"><img src="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/xml.gif" alt="RSS Feed" width="36" height="14" /></a></p>
1131     <div id="sidebar">
1132
1133
1134
1135 <h2>Archive</h2>
1136 <ul>
1137
1138 <li>2023
1139 <ul>
1140
1141 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2023/01/">January (3)</a></li>
1142
1143 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2023/02/">February (1)</a></li>
1144
1145 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2023/04/">April (2)</a></li>
1146
1147 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2023/05/">May (3)</a></li>
1148
1149 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2023/06/">June (1)</a></li>
1150
1151 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2023/08/">August (1)</a></li>
1152
1153 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2023/09/">September (1)</a></li>
1154
1155 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2023/10/">October (1)</a></li>
1156
1157 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2023/11/">November (4)</a></li>
1158
1159 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2023/12/">December (1)</a></li>
1160
1161 </ul></li>
1162
1163 <li>2022
1164 <ul>
1165
1166 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2022/02/">February (1)</a></li>
1167
1168 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2022/03/">March (3)</a></li>
1169
1170 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2022/04/">April (2)</a></li>
1171
1172 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2022/06/">June (2)</a></li>
1173
1174 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2022/07/">July (1)</a></li>
1175
1176 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2022/09/">September (1)</a></li>
1177
1178 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2022/10/">October (1)</a></li>
1179
1180 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2022/12/">December (1)</a></li>
1181
1182 </ul></li>
1183
1184 <li>2021
1185 <ul>
1186
1187 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2021/01/">January (2)</a></li>
1188
1189 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2021/02/">February (1)</a></li>
1190
1191 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2021/05/">May (1)</a></li>
1192
1193 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2021/06/">June (1)</a></li>
1194
1195 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2021/07/">July (3)</a></li>
1196
1197 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2021/08/">August (1)</a></li>
1198
1199 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2021/09/">September (1)</a></li>
1200
1201 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2021/10/">October (1)</a></li>
1202
1203 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2021/12/">December (1)</a></li>
1204
1205 </ul></li>
1206
1207 <li>2020
1208 <ul>
1209
1210 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2020/02/">February (2)</a></li>
1211
1212 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2020/03/">March (2)</a></li>
1213
1214 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2020/04/">April (2)</a></li>
1215
1216 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2020/05/">May (3)</a></li>
1217
1218 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2020/06/">June (2)</a></li>
1219
1220 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2020/07/">July (1)</a></li>
1221
1222 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2020/09/">September (1)</a></li>
1223
1224 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2020/10/">October (1)</a></li>
1225
1226 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2020/11/">November (1)</a></li>
1227
1228 </ul></li>
1229
1230 <li>2019
1231 <ul>
1232
1233 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/01/">January (4)</a></li>
1234
1235 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/02/">February (3)</a></li>
1236
1237 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/03/">March (3)</a></li>
1238
1239 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/05/">May (2)</a></li>
1240
1241 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/06/">June (5)</a></li>
1242
1243 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/07/">July (2)</a></li>
1244
1245 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/08/">August (1)</a></li>
1246
1247 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/09/">September (1)</a></li>
1248
1249 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/11/">November (1)</a></li>
1250
1251 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/12/">December (4)</a></li>
1252
1253 </ul></li>
1254
1255 <li>2018
1256 <ul>
1257
1258 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/01/">January (1)</a></li>
1259
1260 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/02/">February (5)</a></li>
1261
1262 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/03/">March (5)</a></li>
1263
1264 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/04/">April (3)</a></li>
1265
1266 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/06/">June (2)</a></li>
1267
1268 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/07/">July (5)</a></li>
1269
1270 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/08/">August (3)</a></li>
1271
1272 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/09/">September (3)</a></li>
1273
1274 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/10/">October (5)</a></li>
1275
1276 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/11/">November (2)</a></li>
1277
1278 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/12/">December (4)</a></li>
1279
1280 </ul></li>
1281
1282 <li>2017
1283 <ul>
1284
1285 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/01/">January (4)</a></li>
1286
1287 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/02/">February (3)</a></li>
1288
1289 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/03/">March (5)</a></li>
1290
1291 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/04/">April (2)</a></li>
1292
1293 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/06/">June (5)</a></li>
1294
1295 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/07/">July (1)</a></li>
1296
1297 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/08/">August (1)</a></li>
1298
1299 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/09/">September (3)</a></li>
1300
1301 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/10/">October (5)</a></li>
1302
1303 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/11/">November (3)</a></li>
1304
1305 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/12/">December (4)</a></li>
1306
1307 </ul></li>
1308
1309 <li>2016
1310 <ul>
1311
1312 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/01/">January (3)</a></li>
1313
1314 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/02/">February (2)</a></li>
1315
1316 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/03/">March (3)</a></li>
1317
1318 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/04/">April (8)</a></li>
1319
1320 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/05/">May (8)</a></li>
1321
1322 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/06/">June (2)</a></li>
1323
1324 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/07/">July (2)</a></li>
1325
1326 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/08/">August (5)</a></li>
1327
1328 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/09/">September (2)</a></li>
1329
1330 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/10/">October (3)</a></li>
1331
1332 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/11/">November (8)</a></li>
1333
1334 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/12/">December (5)</a></li>
1335
1336 </ul></li>
1337
1338 <li>2015
1339 <ul>
1340
1341 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/01/">January (7)</a></li>
1342
1343 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/02/">February (6)</a></li>
1344
1345 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/03/">March (1)</a></li>
1346
1347 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/04/">April (4)</a></li>
1348
1349 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/05/">May (3)</a></li>
1350
1351 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/06/">June (4)</a></li>
1352
1353 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/07/">July (6)</a></li>
1354
1355 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/08/">August (2)</a></li>
1356
1357 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/09/">September (2)</a></li>
1358
1359 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/10/">October (9)</a></li>
1360
1361 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/11/">November (6)</a></li>
1362
1363 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/12/">December (3)</a></li>
1364
1365 </ul></li>
1366
1367 <li>2014
1368 <ul>
1369
1370 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/01/">January (2)</a></li>
1371
1372 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/02/">February (3)</a></li>
1373
1374 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/03/">March (8)</a></li>
1375
1376 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/04/">April (7)</a></li>
1377
1378 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/05/">May (1)</a></li>
1379
1380 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/06/">June (2)</a></li>
1381
1382 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/07/">July (2)</a></li>
1383
1384 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/08/">August (2)</a></li>
1385
1386 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/09/">September (5)</a></li>
1387
1388 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/10/">October (6)</a></li>
1389
1390 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/11/">November (3)</a></li>
1391
1392 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/12/">December (5)</a></li>
1393
1394 </ul></li>
1395
1396 <li>2013
1397 <ul>
1398
1399 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/01/">January (11)</a></li>
1400
1401 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/02/">February (9)</a></li>
1402
1403 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/03/">March (9)</a></li>
1404
1405 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/04/">April (6)</a></li>
1406
1407 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/05/">May (9)</a></li>
1408
1409 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/06/">June (10)</a></li>
1410
1411 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/07/">July (7)</a></li>
1412
1413 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/08/">August (3)</a></li>
1414
1415 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/09/">September (5)</a></li>
1416
1417 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/10/">October (7)</a></li>
1418
1419 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/11/">November (9)</a></li>
1420
1421 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/12/">December (3)</a></li>
1422
1423 </ul></li>
1424
1425 <li>2012
1426 <ul>
1427
1428 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/01/">January (7)</a></li>
1429
1430 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/02/">February (10)</a></li>
1431
1432 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/03/">March (17)</a></li>
1433
1434 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/04/">April (12)</a></li>
1435
1436 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/05/">May (12)</a></li>
1437
1438 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/06/">June (20)</a></li>
1439
1440 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/07/">July (17)</a></li>
1441
1442 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/08/">August (6)</a></li>
1443
1444 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/09/">September (9)</a></li>
1445
1446 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/10/">October (17)</a></li>
1447
1448 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/11/">November (10)</a></li>
1449
1450 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/12/">December (7)</a></li>
1451
1452 </ul></li>
1453
1454 <li>2011
1455 <ul>
1456
1457 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/01/">January (16)</a></li>
1458
1459 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/02/">February (6)</a></li>
1460
1461 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/03/">March (6)</a></li>
1462
1463 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/04/">April (7)</a></li>
1464
1465 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/05/">May (3)</a></li>
1466
1467 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/06/">June (2)</a></li>
1468
1469 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/07/">July (7)</a></li>
1470
1471 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/08/">August (6)</a></li>
1472
1473 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/09/">September (4)</a></li>
1474
1475 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/10/">October (2)</a></li>
1476
1477 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/11/">November (3)</a></li>
1478
1479 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/12/">December (1)</a></li>
1480
1481 </ul></li>
1482
1483 <li>2010
1484 <ul>
1485
1486 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/01/">January (2)</a></li>
1487
1488 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/02/">February (1)</a></li>
1489
1490 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/03/">March (3)</a></li>
1491
1492 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/04/">April (3)</a></li>
1493
1494 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/05/">May (9)</a></li>
1495
1496 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/06/">June (14)</a></li>
1497
1498 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/07/">July (12)</a></li>
1499
1500 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/08/">August (13)</a></li>
1501
1502 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/09/">September (7)</a></li>
1503
1504 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/10/">October (9)</a></li>
1505
1506 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/11/">November (13)</a></li>
1507
1508 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/12/">December (12)</a></li>
1509
1510 </ul></li>
1511
1512 <li>2009
1513 <ul>
1514
1515 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/01/">January (8)</a></li>
1516
1517 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/02/">February (8)</a></li>
1518
1519 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/03/">March (12)</a></li>
1520
1521 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/04/">April (10)</a></li>
1522
1523 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/05/">May (9)</a></li>
1524
1525 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/06/">June (3)</a></li>
1526
1527 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/07/">July (4)</a></li>
1528
1529 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/08/">August (3)</a></li>
1530
1531 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/09/">September (1)</a></li>
1532
1533 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/10/">October (2)</a></li>
1534
1535 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/11/">November (3)</a></li>
1536
1537 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/12/">December (3)</a></li>
1538
1539 </ul></li>
1540
1541 <li>2008
1542 <ul>
1543
1544 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2008/11/">November (5)</a></li>
1545
1546 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2008/12/">December (7)</a></li>
1547
1548 </ul></li>
1549
1550 </ul>
1551
1552
1553
1554 <h2>Tags</h2>
1555 <ul>
1556
1557  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/3d-printer">3d-printer (19)</a></li>
1558
1559  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/amiga">amiga (1)</a></li>
1560
1561  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/aros">aros (1)</a></li>
1562
1563  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bankid">bankid (4)</a></li>
1564
1565  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/betalkontant">betalkontant (9)</a></li>
1566
1567  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bitcoin">bitcoin (12)</a></li>
1568
1569  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bootsystem">bootsystem (17)</a></li>
1570
1571  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bsa">bsa (2)</a></li>
1572
1573  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/chrpath">chrpath (3)</a></li>
1574
1575  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian (197)</a></li>
1576
1577  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian edu">debian edu (159)</a></li>
1578
1579  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian-handbook">debian-handbook (9)</a></li>
1580
1581  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/digistan">digistan (11)</a></li>
1582
1583  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/dld">dld (18)</a></li>
1584
1585  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/docbook">docbook (32)</a></li>
1586
1587  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/drivstoffpriser">drivstoffpriser (4)</a></li>
1588
1589  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english (455)</a></li>
1590
1591  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/fiksgatami">fiksgatami (23)</a></li>
1592
1593  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/fildeling">fildeling (14)</a></li>
1594
1595  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/freeculture">freeculture (34)</a></li>
1596
1597  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/freedombox">freedombox (9)</a></li>
1598
1599  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/frikanalen">frikanalen (20)</a></li>
1600
1601  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/h264">h264 (20)</a></li>
1602
1603  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/intervju">intervju (43)</a></li>
1604
1605  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/isenkram">isenkram (16)</a></li>
1606
1607  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/kart">kart (23)</a></li>
1608
1609  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/kodi">kodi (6)</a></li>
1610
1611  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ldap">ldap (9)</a></li>
1612
1613  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/lego">lego (5)</a></li>
1614
1615  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/lenker">lenker (8)</a></li>
1616
1617  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/linuxcnc">linuxcnc (5)</a></li>
1618
1619  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/lsdvd">lsdvd (2)</a></li>
1620
1621  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ltsp">ltsp (1)</a></li>
1622
1623  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/madewithcc">madewithcc (3)</a></li>
1624
1625  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/mesh network">mesh network (8)</a></li>
1626
1627  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/multimedia">multimedia (46)</a></li>
1628
1629  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/nice free software">nice free software (15)</a></li>
1630
1631  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/noark5">noark5 (24)</a></li>
1632
1633  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/norsk">norsk (323)</a></li>
1634
1635  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/nuug">nuug (198)</a></li>
1636
1637  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/offentlig innsyn">offentlig innsyn (40)</a></li>
1638
1639  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/open311">open311 (2)</a></li>
1640
1641  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/opensnitch">opensnitch (4)</a></li>
1642
1643  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/opphavsrett">opphavsrett (75)</a></li>
1644
1645  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/personvern">personvern (114)</a></li>
1646
1647  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/raid">raid (2)</a></li>
1648
1649  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/reactos">reactos (1)</a></li>
1650
1651  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/reprap">reprap (11)</a></li>
1652
1653  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/rfid">rfid (3)</a></li>
1654
1655  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/robot">robot (17)</a></li>
1656
1657  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/rss">rss (1)</a></li>
1658
1659  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ruter">ruter (7)</a></li>
1660
1661  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/scraperwiki">scraperwiki (2)</a></li>
1662
1663  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sikkerhet">sikkerhet (60)</a></li>
1664
1665  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sitesummary">sitesummary (4)</a></li>
1666
1667  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/skepsis">skepsis (5)</a></li>
1668
1669  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/standard">standard (75)</a></li>
1670
1671  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/stavekontroll">stavekontroll (7)</a></li>
1672
1673  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/stortinget">stortinget (14)</a></li>
1674
1675  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/surveillance">surveillance (65)</a></li>
1676
1677  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sysadmin">sysadmin (5)</a></li>
1678
1679  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/usenix">usenix (2)</a></li>
1680
1681  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/valg">valg (9)</a></li>
1682
1683  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/verkidetfri">verkidetfri (21)</a></li>
1684
1685  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/video">video (80)</a></li>
1686
1687  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/vitenskap">vitenskap (4)</a></li>
1688
1689  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/web">web (42)</a></li>
1690
1691 </ul>
1692
1693
1694     </div>
1695     <p style="text-align: right">
1696  Created by <a href="http://steve.org.uk/Software/chronicle">Chronicle v4.6</a>
1697 </p>
1698
1699   </body>
1700 </html>