blog/Debian_Jessie__PXE_and_automatic_firmware_installation.html

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   6     <title>Petter Reinholdtsen: Debian Jessie, PXE and automatic firmware installation</title>
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  14  <h1>
  15      <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/">Petter Reinholdtsen</a>
  16
  17  </h1>
  18
  19 </div>
  20
  21
  22     <div class="entry">
  23       <div class="title">Debian Jessie, PXE and automatic firmware installation</div>
  24       <div class="date">17th October 2014</div>
  25       <div class="body"><p>When PXE installing laptops with Debian, I often run into the
  26 problem that the WiFi card require some firmware to work properly.
  27 And it has been a pain to fix this using preseeding in Debian.
  28 Normally something more is needed.  But thanks to
  29 <a href="https://packages.qa.debian.org/i/isenkram.html">my isenkram
  30 package</a> and its recent tasksel extension, it has now become easy
  31 to do this using simple preseeding.</p>
  32
  33 <p>The isenkram-cli package provide tasksel tasks which will install
  34 firmware for the hardware found in the machine (actually, requested by
  35 the kernel modules for the hardware).  (It can also install user space
  36 programs supporting the hardware detected, but that is not the focus
  37 of this story.)</p>
  38
  39 <p>To get this working in the default installation, two preeseding
  40 values are needed.  First, the isenkram-cli package must be installed
  41 into the target chroot (aka the hard drive) before tasksel is executed
  42 in the pkgsel step of the debian-installer system.  This is done by
  43 preseeding the base-installer/includes debconf value to include the
  44 isenkram-cli package.  The package name is next passed to debootstrap
  45 for installation.  With the isenkram-cli package in place, tasksel
  46 will automatically use the isenkram tasks to detect hardware specific
  47 packages for the machine being installed and install them, because
  48 isenkram-cli contain tasksel tasks.</p>
  49
  50 <p>Second, one need to enable the non-free APT repository, because
  51 most firmware unfortunately is non-free.  This is done by preseeding
  52 the apt-mirror-setup step.  This is unfortunate, but for a lot of
  53 hardware it is the only option in Debian.</p>
  54
  55 <p>The end result is two lines needed in your preseeding file to get
  56 firmware installed automatically by the installer:</p>
  57
  58 <p><blockquote><pre>
  59 base-installer base-installer/includes string isenkram-cli
  60 apt-mirror-setup apt-setup/non-free boolean true
  61 </pre></blockquote></p>
  62
  63 <p>The current version of isenkram-cli in testing/jessie will install
  64 both firmware and user space packages when using this method.  It also
  65 do not work well, so use version 0.15 or later.  Installing both
  66 firmware and user space packages might give you a bit more than you
  67 want, so I decided to split the tasksel task in two, one for firmware
  68 and one for user space programs.  The firmware task is enabled by
  69 default, while the one for user space programs is not.  This split is
  70 implemented in the package currently in unstable.</p>
  71
  72 <p>If you decide to give this a go, please let me know (via email) how
  73 this recipe work for you. :)</p>
  74
  75 <p>So, I bet you are wondering, how can this work.  First and
  76 foremost, it work because tasksel is modular, and driven by whatever
  77 files it find in /usr/lib/tasksel/ and /usr/share/tasksel/.  So the
  78 isenkram-cli package place two files for tasksel to find.  First there
  79 is the task description file (/usr/share/tasksel/descs/isenkram.desc):</p>
  80
  81 <p><blockquote><pre>
  82 Task: isenkram-packages
  83 Section: hardware
  84 Description: Hardware specific packages (autodetected by isenkram)
  85  Based on the detected hardware various hardware specific packages are
  86  proposed.
  87 Test-new-install: show show
  88 Relevance: 8
  89 Packages: for-current-hardware
  90
  91 Task: isenkram-firmware
  92 Section: hardware
  93 Description: Hardware specific firmware packages (autodetected by isenkram)
  94  Based on the detected hardware various hardware specific firmware
  95  packages are proposed.
  96 Test-new-install: mark show
  97 Relevance: 8
  98 Packages: for-current-hardware-firmware
  99 </pre></blockquote></p>
 100
 101 <p>The key parts are Test-new-install which indicate how the task
 102 should be handled and the Packages line referencing to a script in
 103 /usr/lib/tasksel/packages/.  The scripts use other scripts to get a
 104 list of packages to install.  The for-current-hardware-firmware script
 105 look like this to list relevant firmware for the machine:
 106
 107 <p><blockquote><pre>
 108 #!/bin/sh
 109 #
 110 PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH
 111 export PATH
 112 isenkram-autoinstall-firmware -l
 113 </pre></blockquote></p>
 114
 115 <p>With those two pieces in place, the firmware is installed by
 116 tasksel during the normal d-i run. :)</p>
 117
 118 <p>If you want to test what tasksel will install when isenkram-cli is
 119 installed, run <tt>DEBIAN_PRIORITY=critical tasksel --test
 120 --new-install</tt> to get the list of packages that tasksel would
 121 install.</p>
 122
 123 <p><a href="https://wiki.debian.org/DebianEdu/">Debian Edu</a> will be
 124 pilots in testing this feature, as isenkram is used there now to
 125 install firmware, replacing the earlier scripts.</p>
 126 </div>
 127
 128       <div class="tags">Tags: <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/isenkram">isenkram</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sysadmin">sysadmin</a>.</div>
 129
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 140 <h2>Archive</h2>
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 184
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 186
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 188
 189 <li>2021
 190 <ul>
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 199
 200 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2021/07/">July (3)</a></li>
 201
 202 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2021/08/">August (1)</a></li>
 203
 204 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2021/09/">September (1)</a></li>
 205
 206 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2021/10/">October (1)</a></li>
 207
 208 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2021/12/">December (1)</a></li>
 209
 210 </ul></li>
 211
 212 <li>2020
 213 <ul>
 214
 215 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2020/02/">February (2)</a></li>
 216
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 218
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 220
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 222
 223 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2020/06/">June (2)</a></li>
 224
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 226
 227 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2020/09/">September (1)</a></li>
 228
 229 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2020/10/">October (1)</a></li>
 230
 231 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2020/11/">November (1)</a></li>
 232
 233 </ul></li>
 234
 235 <li>2019
 236 <ul>
 237
 238 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/01/">January (4)</a></li>
 239
 240 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/02/">February (3)</a></li>
 241
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 243
 244 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/05/">May (2)</a></li>
 245
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 247
 248 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/07/">July (2)</a></li>
 249
 250 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/08/">August (1)</a></li>
 251
 252 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/09/">September (1)</a></li>
 253
 254 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/11/">November (1)</a></li>
 255
 256 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/12/">December (4)</a></li>
 257
 258 </ul></li>
 259
 260 <li>2018
 261 <ul>
 262
 263 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/01/">January (1)</a></li>
 264
 265 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/02/">February (5)</a></li>
 266
 267 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/03/">March (5)</a></li>
 268
 269 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/04/">April (3)</a></li>
 270
 271 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/06/">June (2)</a></li>
 272
 273 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/07/">July (5)</a></li>
 274
 275 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/08/">August (3)</a></li>
 276
 277 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/09/">September (3)</a></li>
 278
 279 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/10/">October (5)</a></li>
 280
 281 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/11/">November (2)</a></li>
 282
 283 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/12/">December (4)</a></li>
 284
 285 </ul></li>
 286
 287 <li>2017
 288 <ul>
 289
 290 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/01/">January (4)</a></li>
 291
 292 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/02/">February (3)</a></li>
 293
 294 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/03/">March (5)</a></li>
 295
 296 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/04/">April (2)</a></li>
 297
 298 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/06/">June (5)</a></li>
 299
 300 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/07/">July (1)</a></li>
 301
 302 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/08/">August (1)</a></li>
 303
 304 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/09/">September (3)</a></li>
 305
 306 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/10/">October (5)</a></li>
 307
 308 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/11/">November (3)</a></li>
 309
 310 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/12/">December (4)</a></li>
 311
 312 </ul></li>
 313
 314 <li>2016
 315 <ul>
 316
 317 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/01/">January (3)</a></li>
 318
 319 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/02/">February (2)</a></li>
 320
 321 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/03/">March (3)</a></li>
 322
 323 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/04/">April (8)</a></li>
 324
 325 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/05/">May (8)</a></li>
 326
 327 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/06/">June (2)</a></li>
 328
 329 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/07/">July (2)</a></li>
 330
 331 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/08/">August (5)</a></li>
 332
 333 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/09/">September (2)</a></li>
 334
 335 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/10/">October (3)</a></li>
 336
 337 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/11/">November (8)</a></li>
 338
 339 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/12/">December (5)</a></li>
 340
 341 </ul></li>
 342
 343 <li>2015
 344 <ul>
 345
 346 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/01/">January (7)</a></li>
 347
 348 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/02/">February (6)</a></li>
 349
 350 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/03/">March (1)</a></li>
 351
 352 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/04/">April (4)</a></li>
 353
 354 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/05/">May (3)</a></li>
 355
 356 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/06/">June (4)</a></li>
 357
 358 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/07/">July (6)</a></li>
 359
 360 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/08/">August (2)</a></li>
 361
 362 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/09/">September (2)</a></li>
 363
 364 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/10/">October (9)</a></li>
 365
 366 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/11/">November (6)</a></li>
 367
 368 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/12/">December (3)</a></li>
 369
 370 </ul></li>
 371
 372 <li>2014
 373 <ul>
 374
 375 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/01/">January (2)</a></li>
 376
 377 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/02/">February (3)</a></li>
 378
 379 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/03/">March (8)</a></li>
 380
 381 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/04/">April (7)</a></li>
 382
 383 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/05/">May (1)</a></li>
 384
 385 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/06/">June (2)</a></li>
 386
 387 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/07/">July (2)</a></li>
 388
 389 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/08/">August (2)</a></li>
 390
 391 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/09/">September (5)</a></li>
 392
 393 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/10/">October (6)</a></li>
 394
 395 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/11/">November (3)</a></li>
 396
 397 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/12/">December (5)</a></li>
 398
 399 </ul></li>
 400
 401 <li>2013
 402 <ul>
 403
 404 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/01/">January (11)</a></li>
 405
 406 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/02/">February (9)</a></li>
 407
 408 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/03/">March (9)</a></li>
 409
 410 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/04/">April (6)</a></li>
 411
 412 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/05/">May (9)</a></li>
 413
 414 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/06/">June (10)</a></li>
 415
 416 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/07/">July (7)</a></li>
 417
 418 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/08/">August (3)</a></li>
 419
 420 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/09/">September (5)</a></li>
 421
 422 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/10/">October (7)</a></li>
 423
 424 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/11/">November (9)</a></li>
 425
 426 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/12/">December (3)</a></li>
 427
 428 </ul></li>
 429
 430 <li>2012
 431 <ul>
 432
 433 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/01/">January (7)</a></li>
 434
 435 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/02/">February (10)</a></li>
 436
 437 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/03/">March (17)</a></li>
 438
 439 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/04/">April (12)</a></li>
 440
 441 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/05/">May (12)</a></li>
 442
 443 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/06/">June (20)</a></li>
 444
 445 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/07/">July (17)</a></li>
 446
 447 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/08/">August (6)</a></li>
 448
 449 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/09/">September (9)</a></li>
 450
 451 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/10/">October (17)</a></li>
 452
 453 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/11/">November (10)</a></li>
 454
 455 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/12/">December (7)</a></li>
 456
 457 </ul></li>
 458
 459 <li>2011
 460 <ul>
 461
 462 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/01/">January (16)</a></li>
 463
 464 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/02/">February (6)</a></li>
 465
 466 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/03/">March (6)</a></li>
 467
 468 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/04/">April (7)</a></li>
 469
 470 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/05/">May (3)</a></li>
 471
 472 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/06/">June (2)</a></li>
 473
 474 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/07/">July (7)</a></li>
 475
 476 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/08/">August (6)</a></li>
 477
 478 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/09/">September (4)</a></li>
 479
 480 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/10/">October (2)</a></li>
 481
 482 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/11/">November (3)</a></li>
 483
 484 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/12/">December (1)</a></li>
 485
 486 </ul></li>
 487
 488 <li>2010
 489 <ul>
 490
 491 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/01/">January (2)</a></li>
 492
 493 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/02/">February (1)</a></li>
 494
 495 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/03/">March (3)</a></li>
 496
 497 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/04/">April (3)</a></li>
 498
 499 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/05/">May (9)</a></li>
 500
 501 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/06/">June (14)</a></li>
 502
 503 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/07/">July (12)</a></li>
 504
 505 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/08/">August (13)</a></li>
 506
 507 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/09/">September (7)</a></li>
 508
 509 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/10/">October (9)</a></li>
 510
 511 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/11/">November (13)</a></li>
 512
 513 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/12/">December (12)</a></li>
 514
 515 </ul></li>
 516
 517 <li>2009
 518 <ul>
 519
 520 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/01/">January (8)</a></li>
 521
 522 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/02/">February (8)</a></li>
 523
 524 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/03/">March (12)</a></li>
 525
 526 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/04/">April (10)</a></li>
 527
 528 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/05/">May (9)</a></li>
 529
 530 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/06/">June (3)</a></li>
 531
 532 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/07/">July (4)</a></li>
 533
 534 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/08/">August (3)</a></li>
 535
 536 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/09/">September (1)</a></li>
 537
 538 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/10/">October (2)</a></li>
 539
 540 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/11/">November (3)</a></li>
 541
 542 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/12/">December (3)</a></li>
 543
 544 </ul></li>
 545
 546 <li>2008
 547 <ul>
 548
 549 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2008/11/">November (5)</a></li>
 550
 551 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2008/12/">December (7)</a></li>
 552
 553 </ul></li>
 554
 555 </ul>
 556
 557
 558
 559 <h2>Tags</h2>
 560 <ul>
 561
 562  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/3d-printer">3d-printer (19)</a></li>
 563
 564  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/amiga">amiga (1)</a></li>
 565
 566  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/aros">aros (1)</a></li>
 567
 568  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bankid">bankid (4)</a></li>
 569
 570  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/betalkontant">betalkontant (9)</a></li>
 571
 572  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bitcoin">bitcoin (12)</a></li>
 573
 574  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bootsystem">bootsystem (17)</a></li>
 575
 576  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bsa">bsa (2)</a></li>
 577
 578  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/chrpath">chrpath (3)</a></li>
 579
 580  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian (197)</a></li>
 581
 582  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian edu">debian edu (159)</a></li>
 583
 584  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian-handbook">debian-handbook (9)</a></li>
 585
 586  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/digistan">digistan (11)</a></li>
 587
 588  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/dld">dld (18)</a></li>
 589
 590  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/docbook">docbook (32)</a></li>
 591
 592  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/drivstoffpriser">drivstoffpriser (4)</a></li>
 593
 594  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english (455)</a></li>
 595
 596  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/fiksgatami">fiksgatami (23)</a></li>
 597
 598  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/fildeling">fildeling (14)</a></li>
 599
 600  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/freeculture">freeculture (34)</a></li>
 601
 602  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/freedombox">freedombox (9)</a></li>
 603
 604  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/frikanalen">frikanalen (20)</a></li>
 605
 606  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/h264">h264 (20)</a></li>
 607
 608  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/intervju">intervju (43)</a></li>
 609
 610  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/isenkram">isenkram (16)</a></li>
 611
 612  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/kart">kart (23)</a></li>
 613
 614  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/kodi">kodi (6)</a></li>
 615
 616  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ldap">ldap (9)</a></li>
 617
 618  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/lego">lego (5)</a></li>
 619
 620  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/lenker">lenker (8)</a></li>
 621
 622  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/linuxcnc">linuxcnc (5)</a></li>
 623
 624  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/lsdvd">lsdvd (2)</a></li>
 625
 626  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ltsp">ltsp (1)</a></li>
 627
 628  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/madewithcc">madewithcc (3)</a></li>
 629
 630  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/mesh network">mesh network (8)</a></li>
 631
 632  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/multimedia">multimedia (46)</a></li>
 633
 634  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/nice free software">nice free software (15)</a></li>
 635
 636  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/noark5">noark5 (24)</a></li>
 637
 638  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/norsk">norsk (323)</a></li>
 639
 640  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/nuug">nuug (198)</a></li>
 641
 642  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/offentlig innsyn">offentlig innsyn (40)</a></li>
 643
 644  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/open311">open311 (2)</a></li>
 645
 646  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/opensnitch">opensnitch (4)</a></li>
 647
 648  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/opphavsrett">opphavsrett (75)</a></li>
 649
 650  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/personvern">personvern (114)</a></li>
 651
 652  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/raid">raid (2)</a></li>
 653
 654  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/reactos">reactos (1)</a></li>
 655
 656  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/reprap">reprap (11)</a></li>
 657
 658  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/rfid">rfid (3)</a></li>
 659
 660  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/robot">robot (17)</a></li>
 661
 662  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/rss">rss (1)</a></li>
 663
 664  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ruter">ruter (7)</a></li>
 665
 666  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/scraperwiki">scraperwiki (2)</a></li>
 667
 668  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sikkerhet">sikkerhet (60)</a></li>
 669
 670  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sitesummary">sitesummary (4)</a></li>
 671
 672  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/skepsis">skepsis (5)</a></li>
 673
 674  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/standard">standard (75)</a></li>
 675
 676  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/stavekontroll">stavekontroll (7)</a></li>
 677
 678  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/stortinget">stortinget (14)</a></li>
 679
 680  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/surveillance">surveillance (65)</a></li>
 681
 682  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sysadmin">sysadmin (5)</a></li>
 683
 684  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/usenix">usenix (2)</a></li>
 685
 686  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/valg">valg (9)</a></li>
 687
 688  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/verkidetfri">verkidetfri (21)</a></li>
 689
 690  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/video">video (80)</a></li>
 691
 692  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/vitenskap">vitenskap (4)</a></li>
 693
 694  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/web">web (42)</a></li>
 695
 696 </ul>
 697
 698
 699     </div>
 700     <p style="text-align: right">
 701  Created by <a href="http://steve.org.uk/Software/chronicle">Chronicle v4.6</a>
 702 </p>
 703
 704   </body>
 705 </html>