blog/Playing_and_encoding_AV1_in_Debian_Bullseye.html

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   6     <title>Petter Reinholdtsen: Playing and encoding AV1 in Debian Bullseye</title>
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  14  <h1>
  15      <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/">Petter Reinholdtsen</a>
  16
  17  </h1>
  18
  19 </div>
  20
  21
  22     <div class="entry">
  23       <div class="title">Playing and encoding AV1 in Debian Bullseye</div>
  24       <div class="date">16th April 2022</div>
  25       <div class="body"><p>Inspired by the recent news of
  26 <a href="https://slashdot.org/story/22/04/03/2039219/intel-beats-amd-and-nvidia-with-arc-gpus-full-av1-support">AV1
  27 hardware encoding support from Intel</a>, I decided to look into
  28 the state of AV1 on Linux today.  AV1 is a
  29 <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160618103850/http://www.digistan.org/open-standard:definition">free
  30 and open standard</a> as defined by Digistan without any royalty
  31 payment requirement, unlike its much used competitor encoding
  32 H.264.  While looking, I came across an 5 year
  33 <a href="https://askubuntu.com/questions/1061908/how-to-encode-and-playback-video-with-the-av1-codec-on-bionic-beaver-18-04">old
  34 question on askubuntu.com</a> which in turn inspired me to check out
  35 how things are in Debian Stable regarding AV1.  The test file listed
  36 in the question (askubuntu_test_aom.mp4) did not exist any more, so I
  37 tracked down a different set of test files on
  38 <a href="https://av1.webmfiles.org/">av1.webmfiles.org</a> to test them
  39 with the various video tools I had installed on my machine.  I was
  40 happy to discover that AV1 decoding and playback worked with almost
  41 every tool I tested:
  42
  43 <table align="center">
  44 <tr><td>mediainfo</td>       <td>ok</td></tr>
  45 <tr><td>dragonplayer</td>    <td>ok</td></tr>
  46 <tr><td>ffmpeg / ffplay</td> <td>ok</td></tr>
  47 <tr><td>gnome-mplayer</td>   <td>fail</td></tr>
  48 <tr><td>mplayer</td>         <td>ok</td></tr>
  49 <tr><td>mpv</td>             <td>ok</td></tr>
  50 <tr><td>parole</td>          <td>ok</td></tr>
  51 <tr><td>vlc</td>             <td>ok</td></tr>
  52 <tr><td>firefox</td>         <td>ok</td></tr>
  53 <tr><td>chromium</td>        <td>ok</td></tr>
  54 </table>
  55
  56 <p>AV1 encoding is available in Debian Stable from the aom-tools
  57 version 1.0.0.errata1-3 package, using the aomenc tool.  The encoding
  58 using the package in Debian Stable is quite slow, with the frame rate
  59 for my 10 second test video at around 0.25 fps.  My 10 second video
  60 test took 16 minutes and 11 seconds on my test machine.</p>
  61
  62 <p>I tested by first running ffmpeg and then aomenc using the recipe
  63 provided by the askubuntu recipe above.  I had to remove the
  64 '--row-mt=1' option, as it was not supported in my 1.0.0 version.  The
  65 encoding only used a single thread, according to <tt>top</tt>.</p>
  66
  67 <blockquote><pre>
  68 ffmpeg -i some-old-video.ogv -t 10 -pix_fmt yuv420p video.y4m
  69 aomenc --fps=24/1 -u 0 --codec=av1 --target-bitrate=1000 \
  70   --lag-in-frames=25 --auto-alt-ref=1 -t 24 --cpu-used=8 \
  71   --tile-columns=2 --tile-rows=2 -o output.webm video.y4m
  72 </pre></blockquote>
  73
  74 <p>As version 1.0.0 currently have several
  75 <a href="https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/source-package/aom">unsolved
  76 security issues in Debian Stable</a>, and to see if the recent
  77 backport <a href="https://tracker.debian.org/pkg/aom">provided in
  78 Debian</a> is any quicker, I ran <tt>apt -t bullseye-backports install
  79 aom-tools</tt> to fetch the backported version and re-encoded the
  80 video using the latest version.  This time the '--row-mt=1' option
  81 worked, and the encoding was done in 46 seconds with a frame rate of
  82 around 5.22 fps.  This time it seem to be using all my four cores to
  83 encode.  Encoding speed is still too low for streaming and real time,
  84 which would require frame rates above 25 fps, but might be good enough
  85 for offline encoding.</p>
  86
  87 <p>I am very happy to see AV1 playback working so well with the
  88 default tools in Debian Stable.  I hope the encoding situation improve
  89 too, allowing even a slow old computer like my 10 year old laptop to
  90 be used for encoding.</p>
  91
  92 <p>As usual, if you use Bitcoin and want to show your support of my
  93 activities, please send Bitcoin donations to my address
  94 <b><a href="bitcoin:15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b">15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b</a></b>.</p>
  95 </div>
  96
  97       <div class="tags">Tags: <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/standard">standard</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/video">video</a>.</div>
  98
  99
 100     </div>
 101
 102
 103
 104
 105     <div id="sidebar">
 106
 107
 108
 109 <h2>Archive</h2>
 110 <ul>
 111
 112 <li>2023
 113 <ul>
 114
 115 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2023/01/">January (1)</a></li>
 116
 117 </ul></li>
 118
 119 <li>2022
 120 <ul>
 121
 122 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2022/02/">February (1)</a></li>
 123
 124 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2022/03/">March (3)</a></li>
 125
 126 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2022/04/">April (2)</a></li>
 127
 128 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2022/06/">June (2)</a></li>
 129
 130 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2022/07/">July (1)</a></li>
 131
 132 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2022/09/">September (1)</a></li>
 133
 134 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2022/10/">October (1)</a></li>
 135
 136 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2022/12/">December (1)</a></li>
 137
 138 </ul></li>
 139
 140 <li>2021
 141 <ul>
 142
 143 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2021/01/">January (2)</a></li>
 144
 145 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2021/02/">February (1)</a></li>
 146
 147 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2021/05/">May (1)</a></li>
 148
 149 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2021/06/">June (1)</a></li>
 150
 151 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2021/07/">July (3)</a></li>
 152
 153 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2021/08/">August (1)</a></li>
 154
 155 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2021/09/">September (1)</a></li>
 156
 157 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2021/10/">October (1)</a></li>
 158
 159 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2021/12/">December (1)</a></li>
 160
 161 </ul></li>
 162
 163 <li>2020
 164 <ul>
 165
 166 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2020/02/">February (2)</a></li>
 167
 168 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2020/03/">March (2)</a></li>
 169
 170 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2020/04/">April (2)</a></li>
 171
 172 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2020/05/">May (3)</a></li>
 173
 174 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2020/06/">June (2)</a></li>
 175
 176 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2020/07/">July (1)</a></li>
 177
 178 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2020/09/">September (1)</a></li>
 179
 180 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2020/10/">October (1)</a></li>
 181
 182 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2020/11/">November (1)</a></li>
 183
 184 </ul></li>
 185
 186 <li>2019
 187 <ul>
 188
 189 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/01/">January (4)</a></li>
 190
 191 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/02/">February (3)</a></li>
 192
 193 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/03/">March (3)</a></li>
 194
 195 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/05/">May (2)</a></li>
 196
 197 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/06/">June (5)</a></li>
 198
 199 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/07/">July (2)</a></li>
 200
 201 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/08/">August (1)</a></li>
 202
 203 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/09/">September (1)</a></li>
 204
 205 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/11/">November (1)</a></li>
 206
 207 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/12/">December (4)</a></li>
 208
 209 </ul></li>
 210
 211 <li>2018
 212 <ul>
 213
 214 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/01/">January (1)</a></li>
 215
 216 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/02/">February (5)</a></li>
 217
 218 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/03/">March (5)</a></li>
 219
 220 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/04/">April (3)</a></li>
 221
 222 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/06/">June (2)</a></li>
 223
 224 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/07/">July (5)</a></li>
 225
 226 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/08/">August (3)</a></li>
 227
 228 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/09/">September (3)</a></li>
 229
 230 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/10/">October (5)</a></li>
 231
 232 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/11/">November (2)</a></li>
 233
 234 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/12/">December (4)</a></li>
 235
 236 </ul></li>
 237
 238 <li>2017
 239 <ul>
 240
 241 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/01/">January (4)</a></li>
 242
 243 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/02/">February (3)</a></li>
 244
 245 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/03/">March (5)</a></li>
 246
 247 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/04/">April (2)</a></li>
 248
 249 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/06/">June (5)</a></li>
 250
 251 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/07/">July (1)</a></li>
 252
 253 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/08/">August (1)</a></li>
 254
 255 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/09/">September (3)</a></li>
 256
 257 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/10/">October (5)</a></li>
 258
 259 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/11/">November (3)</a></li>
 260
 261 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/12/">December (4)</a></li>
 262
 263 </ul></li>
 264
 265 <li>2016
 266 <ul>
 267
 268 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/01/">January (3)</a></li>
 269
 270 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/02/">February (2)</a></li>
 271
 272 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/03/">March (3)</a></li>
 273
 274 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/04/">April (8)</a></li>
 275
 276 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/05/">May (8)</a></li>
 277
 278 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/06/">June (2)</a></li>
 279
 280 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/07/">July (2)</a></li>
 281
 282 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/08/">August (5)</a></li>
 283
 284 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/09/">September (2)</a></li>
 285
 286 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/10/">October (3)</a></li>
 287
 288 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/11/">November (8)</a></li>
 289
 290 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/12/">December (5)</a></li>
 291
 292 </ul></li>
 293
 294 <li>2015
 295 <ul>
 296
 297 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/01/">January (7)</a></li>
 298
 299 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/02/">February (6)</a></li>
 300
 301 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/03/">March (1)</a></li>
 302
 303 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/04/">April (4)</a></li>
 304
 305 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/05/">May (3)</a></li>
 306
 307 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/06/">June (4)</a></li>
 308
 309 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/07/">July (6)</a></li>
 310
 311 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/08/">August (2)</a></li>
 312
 313 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/09/">September (2)</a></li>
 314
 315 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/10/">October (9)</a></li>
 316
 317 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/11/">November (6)</a></li>
 318
 319 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/12/">December (3)</a></li>
 320
 321 </ul></li>
 322
 323 <li>2014
 324 <ul>
 325
 326 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/01/">January (2)</a></li>
 327
 328 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/02/">February (3)</a></li>
 329
 330 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/03/">March (8)</a></li>
 331
 332 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/04/">April (7)</a></li>
 333
 334 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/05/">May (1)</a></li>
 335
 336 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/06/">June (2)</a></li>
 337
 338 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/07/">July (2)</a></li>
 339
 340 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/08/">August (2)</a></li>
 341
 342 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/09/">September (5)</a></li>
 343
 344 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/10/">October (6)</a></li>
 345
 346 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/11/">November (3)</a></li>
 347
 348 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/12/">December (5)</a></li>
 349
 350 </ul></li>
 351
 352 <li>2013
 353 <ul>
 354
 355 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/01/">January (11)</a></li>
 356
 357 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/02/">February (9)</a></li>
 358
 359 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/03/">March (9)</a></li>
 360
 361 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/04/">April (6)</a></li>
 362
 363 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/05/">May (9)</a></li>
 364
 365 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/06/">June (10)</a></li>
 366
 367 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/07/">July (7)</a></li>
 368
 369 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/08/">August (3)</a></li>
 370
 371 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/09/">September (5)</a></li>
 372
 373 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/10/">October (7)</a></li>
 374
 375 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/11/">November (9)</a></li>
 376
 377 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/12/">December (3)</a></li>
 378
 379 </ul></li>
 380
 381 <li>2012
 382 <ul>
 383
 384 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/01/">January (7)</a></li>
 385
 386 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/02/">February (10)</a></li>
 387
 388 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/03/">March (17)</a></li>
 389
 390 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/04/">April (12)</a></li>
 391
 392 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/05/">May (12)</a></li>
 393
 394 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/06/">June (20)</a></li>
 395
 396 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/07/">July (17)</a></li>
 397
 398 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/08/">August (6)</a></li>
 399
 400 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/09/">September (9)</a></li>
 401
 402 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/10/">October (17)</a></li>
 403
 404 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/11/">November (10)</a></li>
 405
 406 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/12/">December (7)</a></li>
 407
 408 </ul></li>
 409
 410 <li>2011
 411 <ul>
 412
 413 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/01/">January (16)</a></li>
 414
 415 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/02/">February (6)</a></li>
 416
 417 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/03/">March (6)</a></li>
 418
 419 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/04/">April (7)</a></li>
 420
 421 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/05/">May (3)</a></li>
 422
 423 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/06/">June (2)</a></li>
 424
 425 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/07/">July (7)</a></li>
 426
 427 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/08/">August (6)</a></li>
 428
 429 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/09/">September (4)</a></li>
 430
 431 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/10/">October (2)</a></li>
 432
 433 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/11/">November (3)</a></li>
 434
 435 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/12/">December (1)</a></li>
 436
 437 </ul></li>
 438
 439 <li>2010
 440 <ul>
 441
 442 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/01/">January (2)</a></li>
 443
 444 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/02/">February (1)</a></li>
 445
 446 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/03/">March (3)</a></li>
 447
 448 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/04/">April (3)</a></li>
 449
 450 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/05/">May (9)</a></li>
 451
 452 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/06/">June (14)</a></li>
 453
 454 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/07/">July (12)</a></li>
 455
 456 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/08/">August (13)</a></li>
 457
 458 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/09/">September (7)</a></li>
 459
 460 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/10/">October (9)</a></li>
 461
 462 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/11/">November (13)</a></li>
 463
 464 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/12/">December (12)</a></li>
 465
 466 </ul></li>
 467
 468 <li>2009
 469 <ul>
 470
 471 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/01/">January (8)</a></li>
 472
 473 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/02/">February (8)</a></li>
 474
 475 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/03/">March (12)</a></li>
 476
 477 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/04/">April (10)</a></li>
 478
 479 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/05/">May (9)</a></li>
 480
 481 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/06/">June (3)</a></li>
 482
 483 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/07/">July (4)</a></li>
 484
 485 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/08/">August (3)</a></li>
 486
 487 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/09/">September (1)</a></li>
 488
 489 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/10/">October (2)</a></li>
 490
 491 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/11/">November (3)</a></li>
 492
 493 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/12/">December (3)</a></li>
 494
 495 </ul></li>
 496
 497 <li>2008
 498 <ul>
 499
 500 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2008/11/">November (5)</a></li>
 501
 502 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2008/12/">December (7)</a></li>
 503
 504 </ul></li>
 505
 506 </ul>
 507
 508
 509
 510 <h2>Tags</h2>
 511 <ul>
 512
 513  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/3d-printer">3d-printer (19)</a></li>
 514
 515  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/amiga">amiga (1)</a></li>
 516
 517  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/aros">aros (1)</a></li>
 518
 519  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bankid">bankid (4)</a></li>
 520
 521  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/betalkontant">betalkontant (9)</a></li>
 522
 523  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bitcoin">bitcoin (12)</a></li>
 524
 525  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bootsystem">bootsystem (17)</a></li>
 526
 527  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bsa">bsa (2)</a></li>
 528
 529  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/chrpath">chrpath (2)</a></li>
 530
 531  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian (185)</a></li>
 532
 533  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian edu">debian edu (159)</a></li>
 534
 535  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian-handbook">debian-handbook (9)</a></li>
 536
 537  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/digistan">digistan (11)</a></li>
 538
 539  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/dld">dld (18)</a></li>
 540
 541  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/docbook">docbook (30)</a></li>
 542
 543  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/drivstoffpriser">drivstoffpriser (4)</a></li>
 544
 545  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english (441)</a></li>
 546
 547  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/fiksgatami">fiksgatami (23)</a></li>
 548
 549  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/fildeling">fildeling (14)</a></li>
 550
 551  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/freeculture">freeculture (34)</a></li>
 552
 553  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/freedombox">freedombox (9)</a></li>
 554
 555  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/frikanalen">frikanalen (20)</a></li>
 556
 557  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/h264">h264 (20)</a></li>
 558
 559  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/intervju">intervju (43)</a></li>
 560
 561  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/isenkram">isenkram (16)</a></li>
 562
 563  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/kart">kart (23)</a></li>
 564
 565  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/kodi">kodi (4)</a></li>
 566
 567  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ldap">ldap (9)</a></li>
 568
 569  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/lego">lego (5)</a></li>
 570
 571  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/lenker">lenker (8)</a></li>
 572
 573  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/linuxcnc">linuxcnc (4)</a></li>
 574
 575  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/lsdvd">lsdvd (2)</a></li>
 576
 577  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ltsp">ltsp (1)</a></li>
 578
 579  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/madewithcc">madewithcc (3)</a></li>
 580
 581  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/mesh network">mesh network (8)</a></li>
 582
 583  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/multimedia">multimedia (44)</a></li>
 584
 585  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/nice free software">nice free software (13)</a></li>
 586
 587  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/noark5">noark5 (23)</a></li>
 588
 589  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/norsk">norsk (320)</a></li>
 590
 591  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/nuug">nuug (198)</a></li>
 592
 593  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/offentlig innsyn">offentlig innsyn (40)</a></li>
 594
 595  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/open311">open311 (2)</a></li>
 596
 597  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/opphavsrett">opphavsrett (75)</a></li>
 598
 599  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/personvern">personvern (114)</a></li>
 600
 601  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/raid">raid (2)</a></li>
 602
 603  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/reactos">reactos (1)</a></li>
 604
 605  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/reprap">reprap (11)</a></li>
 606
 607  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/rfid">rfid (3)</a></li>
 608
 609  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/robot">robot (17)</a></li>
 610
 611  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/rss">rss (1)</a></li>
 612
 613  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ruter">ruter (7)</a></li>
 614
 615  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/scraperwiki">scraperwiki (2)</a></li>
 616
 617  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sikkerhet">sikkerhet (59)</a></li>
 618
 619  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sitesummary">sitesummary (4)</a></li>
 620
 621  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/skepsis">skepsis (5)</a></li>
 622
 623  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/standard">standard (74)</a></li>
 624
 625  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/stavekontroll">stavekontroll (7)</a></li>
 626
 627  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/stortinget">stortinget (14)</a></li>
 628
 629  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/surveillance">surveillance (64)</a></li>
 630
 631  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sysadmin">sysadmin (5)</a></li>
 632
 633  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/usenix">usenix (2)</a></li>
 634
 635  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/valg">valg (9)</a></li>
 636
 637  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/verkidetfri">verkidetfri (20)</a></li>
 638
 639  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/video">video (77)</a></li>
 640
 641  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/vitenskap">vitenskap (4)</a></li>
 642
 643  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/web">web (42)</a></li>
 644
 645 </ul>
 646
 647
 648     </div>
 649     <p style="text-align: right">
 650  Created by <a href="http://steve.org.uk/Software/chronicle">Chronicle v4.6</a>
 651 </p>
 652
 653   </body>
 654 </html>