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  14  <h1>
  15      <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/">Petter Reinholdtsen</a>
  16
  17  </h1>
  18
  19 </div>
  20
  21
  22     <h3>Entries from September 2014.</h3>
  23
  24     <div class="entry">
  25       <div class="title">
  26         <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/How_to_test_Debian_Edu_Jessie_despite_some_fatal_problems_with_the_installer.html">How to test Debian Edu Jessie despite some fatal problems with the installer</a>
  27       </div>
  28       <div class="date">
  29         26th September 2014
  30       </div>
  31       <div class="body">
  32         <p>The <a href="http://www.skolelinux.org/">Debian Edu / Skolelinux
  33 project</a> provide a Linux solution for schools, including a
  34 powerful desktop with education software, a central server providing
  35 web pages, user database, user home directories, central login and PXE
  36 boot of both  clients without disk and the installation to install Debian
  37 Edu on machines with disk (and a few other services perhaps to small
  38 to mention here).  We in the Debian Edu team are currently working on
  39 the Jessie based version, trying to get everything in shape before the
  40 freeze, to avoid having to maintain our own package repository in the
  41 future.  The
  42 <a href="https://wiki.debian.org/DebianEdu/Status/Jessie">current
  43 status</a> can be seen on the Debian wiki, and there is still heaps of
  44 work left.  Some fatal problems block testing, breaking the installer,
  45 but it is possible to work around these to get anyway.  Here is a
  46 recipe on how to get the installation limping along.</p>
  47
  48 <p>First, download the test ISO via
  49 <a href="ftp://ftp.skolelinux.no/cd-edu-testing-nolocal-netinst/debian-edu-amd64-i386-NETINST-1.iso">ftp</a>,
  50 <a href="http://ftp.skolelinux.no/cd-edu-testing-nolocal-netinst/debian-edu-amd64-i386-NETINST-1.iso">http</a>
  51 or rsync (use
  52 ftp.skolelinux.org::cd-edu-testing-nolocal-netinst/debian-edu-amd64-i386-NETINST-1.iso).
  53 The ISO build was broken on Tuesday, so we do not get a new ISO every
  54 12 hours or so, but thankfully the ISO we got is able to install with
  55 some tweaking.</p>
  56
  57 <p>When you get to the Debian Edu profile question, go to tty2
  58 (use Alt-Ctrl-F2), run</p>
  59
  60 <p><blockquote><pre>
  61 nano /usr/bin/edu-eatmydata-install
  62 </pre></blockquote></p>
  63
  64 <p>and add 'exit 0' as the second line, disabling the eatmydata
  65 optimization.  Return to the installation, select the profile you want
  66 and continue.  Without this change, exim4-config will fail to install
  67 due to a known bug in eatmydata.</p>
  68
  69 <p>When you get the grub question at the end, answer /dev/sda (or if
  70 this do not work, figure out what your correct value would be.  All my
  71 test machines need /dev/sda, so I have no advice if it do not fit
  72 your need.</p>
  73
  74 <p>If you installed a profile including a graphical desktop, log in as
  75 root after the initial boot from hard drive, and install the
  76 education-desktop-XXX metapackage.  XXX can be kde, gnome, lxde, xfce
  77 or mate.  If you want several desktop options, install more than one
  78 metapackage.  Once this is done, reboot and you should have a working
  79 graphical login screen.  This should no longer be needed once the
  80 education-tasks package version 1.801 enter testing in two days.</p>
  81
  82 <p>I believe the ISO build will start working on two days when the new
  83 tasksel package enter testing and Steve McIntyre get a chance to
  84 update the debian-cd git repository.  The eatmydata, grub and desktop
  85 issues are already fixed in unstable and testing, and should show up
  86 on the ISO as soon as the ISO build start working again.  Well the
  87 eatmydata optimization is really just disabled.  The proper fix
  88 require an upload by the eatmydata maintainer applying the patch
  89 provided in bug <a href="https://bugs.debian.org/702711">#702711</a>.
  90 The rest have proper fixes in unstable.</p>
  91
  92 <p>I hope this get you going with the installation testing, as we are
  93 quickly running out of time trying to get our Jessie based
  94 installation ready before the distribution freeze in a month.</p>
  95
  96       </div>
  97       <div class="tags">
  98
  99
 100         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian edu">debian edu</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
 101
 102
 103       </div>
 104     </div>
 105     <div class="padding"></div>
 106
 107     <div class="entry">
 108       <div class="title">
 109         <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Suddenly_I_am_the_new_upstream_of_the_lsdvd_command_line_tool.html">Suddenly I am the new upstream of the lsdvd command line tool</a>
 110       </div>
 111       <div class="date">
 112         25th September 2014
 113       </div>
 114       <div class="body">
 115         <p>I use the <a href="https://sourceforge.net/p/lsdvd/">lsdvd tool</a>
 116 to handle my fairly large DVD collection.  It is a nice command line
 117 tool to get details about a DVD, like title, tracks, track length,
 118 etc, in XML, Perl or human readable format.  But lsdvd have not seen
 119 any new development since 2006 and had a few irritating bugs affecting
 120 its use with some DVDs.  Upstream seemed to be dead, and in January I
 121 sent a small probe asking for a version control repository for the
 122 project, without any reply.  But I use it regularly and would like to
 123 get <a href="https://packages.qa.debian.org/lsdvd">an updated version
 124 into Debian</a>.  So two weeks ago I tried harder to get in touch with
 125 the project admin, and after getting a reply from him explaining that
 126 he was no longer interested in the project, I asked if I could take
 127 over.  And yesterday, I became project admin.</p>
 128
 129 <p>I've been in touch with a Gentoo developer and the Debian
 130 maintainer interested in joining forces to maintain the upstream
 131 project, and I hope we can get a new release out fairly quickly,
 132 collecting the patches spread around on the internet into on place.
 133 I've added the relevant Debian patches to the freshly created git
 134 repository, and expect the Gentoo patches to make it too.  If you got
 135 a DVD collection and care about command line tools, check out
 136 <a href="https://sourceforge.net/p/lsdvd/git/ci/master/tree/">the git source</a> and join
 137 <a href="https://sourceforge.net/p/lsdvd/mailman/">the project mailing
 138 list</a>. :)</p>
 139
 140       </div>
 141       <div class="tags">
 142
 143
 144         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/multimedia">multimedia</a>.
 145
 146
 147       </div>
 148     </div>
 149     <div class="padding"></div>
 150
 151     <div class="entry">
 152       <div class="title">
 153         <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Hva_henger_under_skibrua_over_E16_p__Sollih_gda_.html">Hva henger under skibrua over E16 på Sollihøgda?</a>
 154       </div>
 155       <div class="date">
 156         21st September 2014
 157       </div>
 158       <div class="body">
 159         <p>Rundt omkring i Oslo og Østlandsområdet henger det bokser over
 160 veiene som jeg har lurt på hva gjør.  De har ut fra plassering og
 161 vinkling sett ut som bokser som sniffer ut et eller annet fra
 162 forbipasserende trafikk, men det har vært uklart for meg hva det er de
 163 leser av.  Her om dagen tok jeg bilde av en slik boks som henger under
 164 <a href="http://www.openstreetmap.no/?zoom=19&mlat=59.96396&mlon=10.34443&layers=B00000">ei
 165 skibru på Sollihøgda</a>:</p>
 166
 167 <p align="center"><img width="60%" src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2014-09-13-kapsch-sollihogda-crop.jpeg"></p>
 168
 169 <p>Boksen er tydelig merket «Kapsch >>>», logoen til
 170 <a href="http://www.kapsch.net/">det sveitsiske selskapet Kapsch</a> som
 171 blant annet lager sensorsystemer for veitrafikk.  Men de lager mye
 172 forskjellig, og jeg kjente ikke igjen boksen på utseendet etter en
 173 kjapp titt på produktlista til selskapet.</p>
 174
 175 <p>I og med at boksen henger over veien E16, en riksvei vedlikeholdt
 176 av Statens Vegvesen, så antok jeg at det burde være mulig å bruke
 177 REST-API-et som gir tilgang til vegvesenets database over veier,
 178 skilter og annet veirelatert til å finne ut hva i alle dager dette
 179 kunne være.  De har både
 180 <a href="https://www.vegvesen.no/nvdb/api/dokumentasjon/datakatalog">en
 181 datakatalog</a> og
 182 <a href="https://www.vegvesen.no/nvdb/api/dokumentasjon/sok">et
 183 søk</a>, der en kan søke etter ulike typer oppføringer innen for et
 184 gitt geografisk område.  Jeg laget et enkelt shell-script for å hente
 185 ut antall av en gitt type innenfor området skibrua dekker, og listet
 186 opp navnet på typene som ble funnet.  Orket ikke slå opp hvordan
 187 URL-koding av aktuelle strenger kunne gjøres mer generisk, og brukte
 188 en stygg sed-linje i stedet.</p>
 189
 190 <blockquote><pre>
 191 #!/bin/sh
 192 urlmap() {
 193     sed \
 194     -e 's/  / /g'   -e 's/{/%7B/g'  \
 195     -e 's/}/%7D/g'  -e 's/\[/%5B/g' \
 196     -e 's/\]/%5D/g' -e 's/ /%20/g'  \
 197     -e 's/,/%2C/g'  -e 's/\"/%22/g' \
 198     -e 's/:/%3A/g'
 199 }
 200
 201 lookup() {
 202     url="$1"
 203     curl -s -H 'Accept: application/vnd.vegvesen.nvdb-v1+xml' \
 204        "https://www.vegvesen.no/nvdb/api$url" | xmllint --format -
 205 }
 206
 207 for id in $(seq 1 874) ; do
 208     search="{
 209   lokasjon: {
 210     bbox: \"10.34425,59.96386,10.34458,59.96409\",
 211     srid: \"WGS84\"
 212   },
 213    objektTyper: [{
 214      id: $id, antall: 10
 215    }]
 216 }"
 217
 218     query=/sok?kriterie=$(echo $search | urlmap)
 219     if lookup "$query" |
 220     grep -q '&lt;totaltAntallReturnert>0&lt;'
 221     then
 222     :
 223     else
 224     echo $id
 225     lookup "/datakatalog/objekttyper/$id" |grep '^  &lt;navn>'
 226     fi
 227 done
 228
 229 exit 0
 230 </pre></blockquote>
 231
 232 Aktuelt ID-område 1-874 var riktig i datakatalogen da jeg laget
 233 scriptet.  Det vil endre seg over tid.  Skriptet listet så opp
 234 aktuelle typer i og rundt skibrua:
 235
 236 <blockquote><pre>
 237 5
 238   &lt;navn>Rekkverk&lt;/navn>
 239 14
 240   &lt;navn>Rekkverksende&lt;/navn>
 241 47
 242   &lt;navn>Trafikklomme&lt;/navn>
 243 49
 244   &lt;navn>Trafikkøy&lt;/navn>
 245 60
 246   &lt;navn>Bru&lt;/navn>
 247 79
 248   &lt;navn>Stikkrenne/Kulvert&lt;/navn>
 249 80
 250   &lt;navn>Grøft, åpen&lt;/navn>
 251 86
 252   &lt;navn>Belysningsstrekning&lt;/navn>
 253 95
 254   &lt;navn>Skiltpunkt&lt;/navn>
 255 96
 256   &lt;navn>Skiltplate&lt;/navn>
 257 98
 258   &lt;navn>Referansestolpe&lt;/navn>
 259 99
 260   &lt;navn>Vegoppmerking, langsgående&lt;/navn>
 261 105
 262   &lt;navn>Fartsgrense&lt;/navn>
 263 106
 264   &lt;navn>Vinterdriftsstrategi&lt;/navn>
 265 172
 266   &lt;navn>Trafikkdeler&lt;/navn>
 267 241
 268   &lt;navn>Vegdekke&lt;/navn>
 269 293
 270   &lt;navn>Breddemåling&lt;/navn>
 271 301
 272   &lt;navn>Kantklippareal&lt;/navn>
 273 318
 274   &lt;navn>Snø-/isrydding&lt;/navn>
 275 445
 276   &lt;navn>Skred&lt;/navn>
 277 446
 278   &lt;navn>Dokumentasjon&lt;/navn>
 279 452
 280   &lt;navn>Undergang&lt;/navn>
 281 528
 282   &lt;navn>Tverrprofil&lt;/navn>
 283 532
 284   &lt;navn>Vegreferanse&lt;/navn>
 285 534
 286   &lt;navn>Region&lt;/navn>
 287 535
 288   &lt;navn>Fylke&lt;/navn>
 289 536
 290   &lt;navn>Kommune&lt;/navn>
 291 538
 292   &lt;navn>Gate&lt;/navn>
 293 539
 294   &lt;navn>Transportlenke&lt;/navn>
 295 540
 296   &lt;navn>Trafikkmengde&lt;/navn>
 297 570
 298   &lt;navn>Trafikkulykke&lt;/navn>
 299 571
 300   &lt;navn>Ulykkesinvolvert enhet&lt;/navn>
 301 572
 302   &lt;navn>Ulykkesinvolvert person&lt;/navn>
 303 579
 304   &lt;navn>Politidistrikt&lt;/navn>
 305 583
 306   &lt;navn>Vegbredde&lt;/navn>
 307 591
 308   &lt;navn>Høydebegrensning&lt;/navn>
 309 592
 310   &lt;navn>Nedbøyningsmåling&lt;/navn>
 311 597
 312   &lt;navn>Støy-luft, Strekningsdata&lt;/navn>
 313 601
 314   &lt;navn>Oppgravingsdata&lt;/navn>
 315 602
 316   &lt;navn>Oppgravingslag&lt;/navn>
 317 603
 318   &lt;navn>PMS-parsell&lt;/navn>
 319 604
 320   &lt;navn>Vegnormalstrekning&lt;/navn>
 321 605
 322   &lt;navn>Værrelatert strekning&lt;/navn>
 323 616
 324   &lt;navn>Feltstrekning&lt;/navn>
 325 617
 326   &lt;navn>Adressepunkt&lt;/navn>
 327 626
 328   &lt;navn>Friksjonsmåleserie&lt;/navn>
 329 629
 330   &lt;navn>Vegdekke, flatelapping&lt;/navn>
 331 639
 332   &lt;navn>Kurvatur, horisontalelement&lt;/navn>
 333 640
 334   &lt;navn>Kurvatur, vertikalelement&lt;/navn>
 335 642
 336   &lt;navn>Kurvatur, vertikalpunkt&lt;/navn>
 337 643
 338   &lt;navn>Statistikk, trafikkmengde&lt;/navn>
 339 647
 340   &lt;navn>Statistikk, vegbredde&lt;/navn>
 341 774
 342   &lt;navn>Nedbøyningsmåleserie&lt;/navn>
 343 775
 344   &lt;navn>ATK, influensstrekning&lt;/navn>
 345 794
 346   &lt;navn>Systemobjekt&lt;/navn>
 347 810
 348   &lt;navn>Vinterdriftsklasse&lt;/navn>
 349 821
 350   &lt;navn>Funksjonell vegklasse&lt;/navn>
 351 825
 352   &lt;navn>Kurvatur, stigning&lt;/navn>
 353 838
 354   &lt;navn>Vegbredde, beregnet&lt;/navn>
 355 862
 356   &lt;navn>Reisetidsregistreringspunkt&lt;/navn>
 357 871
 358   &lt;navn>Bruksklasse&lt;/navn>
 359 </pre></blockquote>
 360
 361 <p>Av disse ser ID 775 og 862 mest relevant ut.  ID 775 antar jeg
 362 refererer til fotoboksen som står like ved brua, mens
 363 «Reisetidsregistreringspunkt» kanskje kan være boksen som henger der.
 364 Hvordan finner jeg så ut hva dette kan være for noe.  En titt på
 365 <a href="http://labs.vegdata.no/nvdb-datakatalog/862-Reisetidsregistreringspunkt/">datakatalogsiden
 366 for ID 862/Reisetidsregistreringspunkt</a> viser at det er finnes 53
 367 slike målere i Norge, og hvor de er plassert, men gir ellers få
 368 detaljer.  Det er plassert 40 på østlandet og 13 i Trondheimsregionen.
 369 Men siden nevner «AutoPASS», og hvis en slår opp oppføringen på
 370 Sollihøgda nevner den «Ciber AS» som ID for eksternt system.  (Kan det
 371 være snakk om
 372 <a href="http://www.proff.no/selskap/ciber-norge-as/oslo/internettdesign-og-programmering/Z0I3KMF4/">Ciber
 373 Norge AS</a>, et selskap eid av Ciber Europe Bv?)  Et nettsøk på
 374  «Ciber AS autopass» fører meg til en artikkel fra NRK Trøndelag i
 375  2013 med tittel
 376 «<a href="http://www.nrk.no/trondelag/sjekk-dette-hvis-du-vil-unnga-ko-1.11327947">Sjekk
 377 dette hvis du vil unngå kø</a>».  Artikkelen henviser til vegvesenets
 378 nettside
 379 <a href="http://www.reisetider.no/reisetid/forside.html">reisetider.no</a>
 380 som har en
 381 <a href="http://www.reisetider.no/reisetid/omrade.html?omrade=5">kartside
 382 for Østlandet</a> som viser at det måles mellom Sandvika og Sollihøgda.
 383 Det kan dermed se ut til at jeg har funnet ut hva boksene gjør.</p>
 384
 385 <p>Hvis det stemmer, så er dette bokser som leser av AutoPASS-ID-en
 386 til alle passerende biler med AutoPASS-brikke, og dermed gjør det mulig
 387 for de som kontrollerer boksene å holde rede på hvor en gitt bil er
 388 når den passerte et slikt målepunkt.  NRK-artikkelen forteller at
 389 denne informasjonen i dag kun brukes til å koble to
 390 AutoPASS-brikkepasseringer passeringer sammen for å beregne
 391 reisetiden, og at bruken er godkjent av Datatilsynet.  Det er desverre
 392 ikke mulig for en sjåfør som passerer under en slik boks å kontrollere
 393 at AutoPASS-ID-en kun brukes til dette i dag og i fremtiden.</p>
 394
 395 <p>I tillegg til denne type AutoPASS-sniffere vet jeg at det også
 396 finnes mange automatiske stasjoner som tar betalt pr. passering (aka
 397 bomstasjoner), og der lagres informasjon om tid, sted og bilnummer i
 398 10 år.  Finnes det andre slike sniffere plassert ut på veiene?</p>
 399
 400 <p>Personlig har jeg valgt å ikke bruke AutoPASS-brikke, for å gjøre
 401 det vanskeligere og mer kostbart for de som vil invadere privatsfæren
 402 og holde rede på hvor bilen min beveger seg til enhver tid.  Jeg håper
 403 flere vil gjøre det samme, selv om det gir litt høyere private
 404 utgifter (dyrere bompassering).  Vern om privatsfæren koster i disse
 405 dager.</p>
 406
 407 <p>Takk til Jan Kristian Jensen i Statens Vegvesen for tips om
 408 dokumentasjon på vegvesenets REST-API.</p>
 409
 410       </div>
 411       <div class="tags">
 412
 413
 414         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/kart">kart</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/norsk">norsk</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/personvern">personvern</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/rfid">rfid</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/surveillance">surveillance</a>.
 415
 416
 417       </div>
 418     </div>
 419     <div class="padding"></div>
 420
 421     <div class="entry">
 422       <div class="title">
 423         <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Speeding_up_the_Debian_installer_using_eatmydata_and_dpkg_divert.html">Speeding up the Debian installer using eatmydata and dpkg-divert</a>
 424       </div>
 425       <div class="date">
 426         16th September 2014
 427       </div>
 428       <div class="body">
 429         <p>The <a href="https://www.debian.org/">Debian</a> installer could be
 430 a lot quicker.  When we install more than 2000 packages in
 431 <a href="http://www.skolelinux.org/">Skolelinux / Debian Edu</a> using
 432 tasksel in the installer, unpacking the binary packages take forever.
 433 A part of the slow I/O issue was discussed in
 434 <a href="https://bugs.debian.org/613428">bug #613428</a> about too
 435 much file system sync-ing done by dpkg, which is the package
 436 responsible for unpacking the binary packages.  Other parts (like code
 437 executed by postinst scripts) might also sync to disk during
 438 installation.  All this sync-ing to disk do not really make sense to
 439 me.  If the machine crash half-way through, I start over, I do not try
 440 to salvage the half installed system.  So the failure sync-ing is
 441 supposed to protect against, hardware or system crash, is not really
 442 relevant while the installer is running.</p>
 443
 444 <p>A few days ago, I thought of a way to get rid of all the file
 445 system sync()-ing in a fairly non-intrusive way, without the need to
 446 change the code in several packages.  The idea is not new, but I have
 447 not heard anyone propose the approach using dpkg-divert before.  It
 448 depend on the small and clever package
 449 <a href="https://packages.qa.debian.org/eatmydata">eatmydata</a>, which
 450 uses LD_PRELOAD to replace the system functions for syncing data to
 451 disk with functions doing nothing, thus allowing programs to live
 452 dangerous while speeding up disk I/O significantly.  Instead of
 453 modifying the implementation of dpkg, apt and tasksel (which are the
 454 packages responsible for selecting, fetching and installing packages),
 455 it occurred to me that we could just divert the programs away, replace
 456 them with a simple shell wrapper calling
 457 "eatmydata&nbsp;$program&nbsp;$@", to get the same effect.
 458 Two days ago I decided to test the idea, and wrapped up a simple
 459 implementation for the Debian Edu udeb.</p>
 460
 461 <p>The effect was stunning.  In my first test it reduced the running
 462 time of the pkgsel step (installing tasks) from 64 to less than 44
 463 minutes (20 minutes shaved off the installation) on an old Dell
 464 Latitude D505 machine.  I am not quite sure what the optimised time
 465 would have been, as I messed up the testing a bit, causing the debconf
 466 priority to get low enough for two questions to pop up during
 467 installation.  As soon as I saw the questions I moved the installation
 468 along, but do not know how long the question were holding up the
 469 installation.  I did some more measurements using Debian Edu Jessie,
 470 and got these results.  The time measured is the time stamp in
 471 /var/log/syslog between the "pkgsel: starting tasksel" and the
 472 "pkgsel: finishing up" lines, if you want to do the same measurement
 473 yourself.  In Debian Edu, the tasksel dialog do not show up, and the
 474 timing thus do not depend on how quickly the user handle the tasksel
 475 dialog.</p>
 476
 477 <p><table>
 478
 479 <tr>
 480 <th>Machine/setup</th>
 481 <th>Original tasksel</th>
 482 <th>Optimised tasksel</th>
 483 <th>Reduction</th>
 484 </tr>
 485
 486 <tr>
 487 <td>Latitude D505 Main+LTSP LXDE</td>
 488 <td>64 min (07:46-08:50)</td>
 489 <td><44 min (11:27-12:11)</td>
 490 <td>>20 min 18%</td>
 491 </tr>
 492
 493 <tr>
 494 <td>Latitude D505 Roaming LXDE</td>
 495 <td>57 min (08:48-09:45)</td>
 496 <td>34 min (07:43-08:17)</td>
 497 <td>23 min 40%</td>
 498 </tr>
 499
 500 <tr>
 501 <td>Latitude D505 Minimal</td>
 502 <td>22 min (10:37-10:59)</td>
 503 <td>11 min (11:16-11:27)</td>
 504 <td>11 min 50%</td>
 505 </tr>
 506
 507 <tr>
 508 <td>Thinkpad X200 Minimal</td>
 509 <td>6 min (08:19-08:25)</td>
 510 <td>4 min (08:04-08:08)</td>
 511 <td>2 min 33%</td>
 512 </tr>
 513
 514 <tr>
 515 <td>Thinkpad X200 Roaming KDE</td>
 516 <td>19 min (09:21-09:40)</td>
 517 <td>15 min (10:25-10:40)</td>
 518 <td>4 min 21%</td>
 519 </tr>
 520
 521 </table></p>
 522
 523 <p>The test is done using a netinst ISO on a USB stick, so some of the
 524 time is spent downloading packages.  The connection to the Internet
 525 was 100Mbit/s during testing, so downloading should not be a
 526 significant factor in the measurement.  Download typically took a few
 527 seconds to a few minutes, depending on the amount of packages being
 528 installed.</p>
 529
 530 <p>The speedup is implemented by using two hooks in
 531 <a href="https://www.debian.org/devel/debian-installer/">Debian
 532 Installer</a>, the pre-pkgsel.d hook to set up the diverts, and the
 533 finish-install.d hook to remove the divert at the end of the
 534 installation.  I picked the pre-pkgsel.d hook instead of the
 535 post-base-installer.d hook because I test using an ISO without the
 536 eatmydata package included, and the post-base-installer.d hook in
 537 Debian Edu can only operate on packages included in the ISO.  The
 538 negative effect of this is that I am unable to activate this
 539 optimization for the kernel installation step in d-i.  If the code is
 540 moved to the post-base-installer.d hook, the speedup would be larger
 541 for the entire installation.</p>
 542
 543 <p>I've implemented this in the
 544 <a href="https://packages.qa.debian.org/debian-edu-install">debian-edu-install</a>
 545 git repository, and plan to provide the optimization as part of the
 546 Debian Edu installation.  If you want to test this yourself, you can
 547 create two files in the installer (or in an udeb).  One shell script
 548 need do go into /usr/lib/pre-pkgsel.d/, with content like this:</p>
 549
 550 <p><blockquote><pre>
 551 #!/bin/sh
 552 set -e
 553 . /usr/share/debconf/confmodule
 554 info() {
 555     logger -t my-pkgsel "info: $*"
 556 }
 557 error() {
 558     logger -t my-pkgsel "error: $*"
 559 }
 560 override_install() {
 561     apt-install eatmydata || true
 562     if [ -x /target/usr/bin/eatmydata ] ; then
 563         for bin in dpkg apt-get aptitude tasksel ; do
 564             file=/usr/bin/$bin
 565             # Test that the file exist and have not been diverted already.
 566             if [ -f /target$file ] ; then
 567                 info "diverting $file using eatmydata"
 568                 printf "#!/bin/sh\neatmydata $bin.distrib \"\$@\"\n" \
 569                     > /target$file.edu
 570                 chmod 755 /target$file.edu
 571                 in-target dpkg-divert --package debian-edu-config \
 572                     --rename --quiet --add $file
 573                 ln -sf ./$bin.edu /target$file
 574             else
 575                 error "unable to divert $file, as it is missing."
 576             fi
 577         done
 578     else
 579         error "unable to find /usr/bin/eatmydata after installing the eatmydata pacage"
 580     fi
 581 }
 582
 583 override_install
 584 </pre></blockquote></p>
 585
 586 <p>To clean up, another shell script should go into
 587 /usr/lib/finish-install.d/ with code like this:
 588
 589 <p><blockquote><pre>
 590 #! /bin/sh -e
 591 . /usr/share/debconf/confmodule
 592 error() {
 593     logger -t my-finish-install "error: $@"
 594 }
 595 remove_install_override() {
 596     for bin in dpkg apt-get aptitude tasksel ; do
 597         file=/usr/bin/$bin
 598         if [ -x /target$file.edu ] ; then
 599             rm /target$file
 600             in-target dpkg-divert --package debian-edu-config \
 601                 --rename --quiet --remove $file
 602             rm /target$file.edu
 603         else
 604             error "Missing divert for $file."
 605         fi
 606     done
 607     sync # Flush file buffers before continuing
 608 }
 609
 610 remove_install_override
 611 </pre></blockquote></p>
 612
 613 <p>In Debian Edu, I placed both code fragments in a separate script
 614 edu-eatmydata-install and call it from the pre-pkgsel.d and
 615 finish-install.d scripts.</p>
 616
 617 <p>By now you might ask if this change should get into the normal
 618 Debian installer too?  I suspect it should, but am not sure the
 619 current debian-installer coordinators find it useful enough.  It also
 620 depend on the side effects of the change.  I'm not aware of any, but I
 621 guess we will see if the change is safe after some more testing.
 622 Perhaps there is some package in Debian depending on sync() and
 623 fsync() having effect?  Perhaps it should go into its own udeb, to
 624 allow those of us wanting to enable it to do so without affecting
 625 everyone.</p>
 626
 627 <p>Update 2014-09-24: Since a few days ago, enabling this optimization
 628 will break installation of all programs using gnutls because of
 629 <a href="https://bugs.debian.org/702711">bug #702711.  An updated
 630 eatmydata package in Debian will solve it.</p>
 631
 632       </div>
 633       <div class="tags">
 634
 635
 636         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian edu">debian edu</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
 637
 638
 639       </div>
 640     </div>
 641     <div class="padding"></div>
 642
 643     <div class="entry">
 644       <div class="title">
 645         <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Good_bye_subkeys_pgp_net__welcome_pool_sks_keyservers_net.html">Good bye subkeys.pgp.net, welcome pool.sks-keyservers.net</a>
 646       </div>
 647       <div class="date">
 648         10th September 2014
 649       </div>
 650       <div class="body">
 651         <p>Yesterday, I had the pleasure of attending a talk with the
 652 <a href="http://www.nuug.no/">Norwegian Unix User Group</a> about
 653 <a href="http://www.nuug.no/aktiviteter/20140909-sks-keyservers/">the
 654 OpenPGP keyserver pool sks-keyservers.net</a>, and was very happy to
 655 learn that there is a large set of publicly available key servers to
 656 use when looking for peoples public key.  So far I have used
 657 subkeys.pgp.net, and some times wwwkeys.nl.pgp.net when the former
 658 were misbehaving, but those days are ended.  The servers I have used
 659 up until yesterday have been slow and some times unavailable.  I hope
 660 those problems are gone now.</p>
 661
 662 <p>Behind the round robin DNS entry of the
 663 <a href="https://sks-keyservers.net/">sks-keyservers.net</a> service
 664 there is a pool of more than 100 keyservers which are checked every
 665 day to ensure they are well connected and up to date.  It must be
 666 better than what I have used so far. :)</p>
 667
 668 <p>Yesterdays speaker told me that the service is the default
 669 keyserver provided by the default configuration in GnuPG, but this do
 670 not seem to be used in Debian.  Perhaps it should?</p>
 671
 672 <p>Anyway, I've updated my ~/.gnupg/options file to now include this
 673 line:</p>
 674
 675 <p><blockquote><pre>
 676 keyserver pool.sks-keyservers.net
 677 </pre></blockquote></p>
 678
 679 <p>With GnuPG version 2 one can also locate the keyserver using SRV
 680 entries in DNS.  Just for fun, I did just that at work, so now every
 681 user of GnuPG at the University of Oslo should find a OpenGPG
 682 keyserver automatically should their need it:</p>
 683
 684 <p><blockquote><pre>
 685 % host -t srv _pgpkey-http._tcp.uio.no
 686 _pgpkey-http._tcp.uio.no has SRV record 0 100 11371 pool.sks-keyservers.net.
 687 %
 688 </pre></blockquote></p>
 689
 690 <p>Now if only
 691 <a href="http://ietfreport.isoc.org/idref/draft-shaw-openpgp-hkp/">the
 692 HKP lookup protocol</a> supported finding signature paths, I would be
 693 very happy.  It can look up a given key or search for a user ID, but I
 694 normally do not want that, but to find a trust path from my key to
 695 another key.  Given a user ID or key ID, I would like to find (and
 696 download) the keys representing a signature path from my key to the
 697 key in question, to be able to get a trust path between the two keys.
 698 This is as far as I can tell not possible today.  Perhaps something
 699 for a future version of the protocol?</p>
 700
 701       </div>
 702       <div class="tags">
 703
 704
 705         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/personvern">personvern</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sikkerhet">sikkerhet</a>.
 706
 707
 708       </div>
 709     </div>
 710     <div class="padding"></div>
 711
 712     <p style="text-align: right;"><a href="09.rss"><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/xml.gif" alt="RSS Feed" width="36" height="14" /></a></p>
 713     <div id="sidebar">
 714
 715
 716
 717 <h2>Archive</h2>
 718 <ul>
 719
 720 <li>2014
 721 <ul>
 722
 723 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/01/">January (2)</a></li>
 724
 725 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/02/">February (3)</a></li>
 726
 727 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/03/">March (8)</a></li>
 728
 729 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/04/">April (7)</a></li>
 730
 731 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/05/">May (1)</a></li>
 732
 733 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/06/">June (2)</a></li>
 734
 735 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/07/">July (2)</a></li>
 736
 737 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/08/">August (2)</a></li>
 738
 739 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/09/">September (5)</a></li>
 740
 741 </ul></li>
 742
 743 <li>2013
 744 <ul>
 745
 746 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/01/">January (11)</a></li>
 747
 748 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/02/">February (9)</a></li>
 749
 750 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/03/">March (9)</a></li>
 751
 752 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/04/">April (6)</a></li>
 753
 754 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/05/">May (9)</a></li>
 755
 756 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/06/">June (10)</a></li>
 757
 758 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/07/">July (7)</a></li>
 759
 760 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/08/">August (3)</a></li>
 761
 762 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/09/">September (5)</a></li>
 763
 764 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/10/">October (7)</a></li>
 765
 766 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/11/">November (9)</a></li>
 767
 768 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/12/">December (3)</a></li>
 769
 770 </ul></li>
 771
 772 <li>2012
 773 <ul>
 774
 775 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/01/">January (7)</a></li>
 776
 777 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/02/">February (10)</a></li>
 778
 779 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/03/">March (17)</a></li>
 780
 781 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/04/">April (12)</a></li>
 782
 783 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/05/">May (12)</a></li>
 784
 785 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/06/">June (20)</a></li>
 786
 787 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/07/">July (17)</a></li>
 788
 789 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/08/">August (6)</a></li>
 790
 791 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/09/">September (9)</a></li>
 792
 793 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/10/">October (17)</a></li>
 794
 795 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/11/">November (10)</a></li>
 796
 797 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/12/">December (7)</a></li>
 798
 799 </ul></li>
 800
 801 <li>2011
 802 <ul>
 803
 804 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/01/">January (16)</a></li>
 805
 806 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/02/">February (6)</a></li>
 807
 808 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/03/">March (6)</a></li>
 809
 810 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/04/">April (7)</a></li>
 811
 812 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/05/">May (3)</a></li>
 813
 814 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/06/">June (2)</a></li>
 815
 816 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/07/">July (7)</a></li>
 817
 818 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/08/">August (6)</a></li>
 819
 820 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/09/">September (4)</a></li>
 821
 822 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/10/">October (2)</a></li>
 823
 824 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/11/">November (3)</a></li>
 825
 826 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/12/">December (1)</a></li>
 827
 828 </ul></li>
 829
 830 <li>2010
 831 <ul>
 832
 833 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/01/">January (2)</a></li>
 834
 835 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/02/">February (1)</a></li>
 836
 837 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/03/">March (3)</a></li>
 838
 839 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/04/">April (3)</a></li>
 840
 841 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/05/">May (9)</a></li>
 842
 843 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/06/">June (14)</a></li>
 844
 845 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/07/">July (12)</a></li>
 846
 847 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/08/">August (13)</a></li>
 848
 849 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/09/">September (7)</a></li>
 850
 851 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/10/">October (9)</a></li>
 852
 853 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/11/">November (13)</a></li>
 854
 855 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/12/">December (12)</a></li>
 856
 857 </ul></li>
 858
 859 <li>2009
 860 <ul>
 861
 862 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/01/">January (8)</a></li>
 863
 864 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/02/">February (8)</a></li>
 865
 866 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/03/">March (12)</a></li>
 867
 868 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/04/">April (10)</a></li>
 869
 870 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/05/">May (9)</a></li>
 871
 872 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/06/">June (3)</a></li>
 873
 874 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/07/">July (4)</a></li>
 875
 876 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/08/">August (3)</a></li>
 877
 878 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/09/">September (1)</a></li>
 879
 880 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/10/">October (2)</a></li>
 881
 882 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/11/">November (3)</a></li>
 883
 884 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/12/">December (3)</a></li>
 885
 886 </ul></li>
 887
 888 <li>2008
 889 <ul>
 890
 891 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2008/11/">November (5)</a></li>
 892
 893 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2008/12/">December (7)</a></li>
 894
 895 </ul></li>
 896
 897 </ul>
 898
 899
 900
 901 <h2>Tags</h2>
 902 <ul>
 903
 904  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/3d-printer">3d-printer (13)</a></li>
 905
 906  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/amiga">amiga (1)</a></li>
 907
 908  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/aros">aros (1)</a></li>
 909
 910  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bankid">bankid (4)</a></li>
 911
 912  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bitcoin">bitcoin (8)</a></li>
 913
 914  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bootsystem">bootsystem (14)</a></li>
 915
 916  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bsa">bsa (2)</a></li>
 917
 918  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/chrpath">chrpath (2)</a></li>
 919
 920  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian (103)</a></li>
 921
 922  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian edu">debian edu (150)</a></li>
 923
 924  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/digistan">digistan (10)</a></li>
 925
 926  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/dld">dld (15)</a></li>
 927
 928  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/docbook">docbook (12)</a></li>
 929
 930  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/drivstoffpriser">drivstoffpriser (4)</a></li>
 931
 932  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english (255)</a></li>
 933
 934  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/fiksgatami">fiksgatami (21)</a></li>
 935
 936  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/fildeling">fildeling (12)</a></li>
 937
 938  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/freeculture">freeculture (13)</a></li>
 939
 940  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/freedombox">freedombox (8)</a></li>
 941
 942  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/frikanalen">frikanalen (11)</a></li>
 943
 944  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/intervju">intervju (41)</a></li>
 945
 946  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/isenkram">isenkram (9)</a></li>
 947
 948  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/kart">kart (19)</a></li>
 949
 950  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ldap">ldap (9)</a></li>
 951
 952  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/lenker">lenker (8)</a></li>
 953
 954  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ltsp">ltsp (1)</a></li>
 955
 956  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/mesh network">mesh network (8)</a></li>
 957
 958  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/multimedia">multimedia (30)</a></li>
 959
 960  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/norsk">norsk (248)</a></li>
 961
 962  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/nuug">nuug (162)</a></li>
 963
 964  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/offentlig innsyn">offentlig innsyn (11)</a></li>
 965
 966  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/open311">open311 (2)</a></li>
 967
 968  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/opphavsrett">opphavsrett (48)</a></li>
 969
 970  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/personvern">personvern (75)</a></li>
 971
 972  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/raid">raid (1)</a></li>
 973
 974  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/reactos">reactos (1)</a></li>
 975
 976  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/reprap">reprap (11)</a></li>
 977
 978  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/rfid">rfid (3)</a></li>
 979
 980  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/robot">robot (9)</a></li>
 981
 982  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/rss">rss (1)</a></li>
 983
 984  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ruter">ruter (4)</a></li>
 985
 986  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/scraperwiki">scraperwiki (2)</a></li>
 987
 988  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sikkerhet">sikkerhet (41)</a></li>
 989
 990  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sitesummary">sitesummary (4)</a></li>
 991
 992  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/skepsis">skepsis (4)</a></li>
 993
 994  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/standard">standard (45)</a></li>
 995
 996  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/stavekontroll">stavekontroll (3)</a></li>
 997
 998  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/stortinget">stortinget (9)</a></li>
 999
1000  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/surveillance">surveillance (26)</a></li>
1001
1002  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sysadmin">sysadmin (1)</a></li>
1003
1004  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/valg">valg (8)</a></li>
1005
1006  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/video">video (43)</a></li>
1007
1008  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/vitenskap">vitenskap (4)</a></li>
1009
1010  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/web">web (33)</a></li>
1011
1012 </ul>
1013
1014
1015     </div>
1016     <p style="text-align: right">
1017  Created by <a href="http://steve.org.uk/Software/chronicle">Chronicle v4.6</a>
1018 </p>
1019
1020   </body>
1021 </html>