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  13  <h1>
  14      <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/">Petter Reinholdtsen</a>
  15
  16  </h1>
  17
  18 </div>
  19
  20
  21
  22     <div class="entry">
  23       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/How_to_fix_a_Thinkpad_X230_with_a_broken_180_GB_SSD_disk.html">How to fix a Thinkpad X230 with a broken 180 GB SSD disk</a></div>
  24       <div class="date">17th July 2013</div>
  25       <div class="body"><p>Today I switched to
  26 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/The_Thinkpad_is_dead__long_live_the_Thinkpad_X230_.html">my
  27 new laptop</a>.  I've previously written about the problems I had with
  28 my new Thinkpad X230, which was delivered with an
  29 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Intel_SSD_520_Series_180_GB_with_Lenovo_firmware_still_lock_up_from_sustained_writes.html">180
  30 GB Intel SSD disk with Lenovo firmware</a> that did not handle
  31 sustained writes.  My hardware supplier have been very forthcoming in
  32 trying to find a solution, and after first trying with another
  33 identical 180 GB disks they decided to send me a 256 GB Samsung SSD
  34 disk instead to fix it once and for all.  The Samsung disk survived
  35 the installation of Debian with encrypted disks (filling the disk with
  36 random data during installation killed the first two), and I thus
  37 decided to trust it with my data.  I have installed it as a Debian Edu
  38 Wheezy roaming workstation hooked up with my Debian Edu Squeeze main
  39 server at home using Kerberos and LDAP, and will use it as my work
  40 station from now on.</p>
  41
  42 <p>As this is a solid state disk with no moving parts, I believe the
  43 Debian Wheezy default installation need to be tuned a bit to increase
  44 performance and increase life time of the disk.  The Linux kernel and
  45 user space applications do not yet adjust automatically to such
  46 environment.  To make it easier for my self, I created a draft Debian
  47 package <tt>ssd-setup</tt> to handle this tuning.  The
  48 <a href="http://anonscm.debian.org/gitweb/?p=collab-maint/ssd-setup.git">source
  49 for the ssd-setup package</a> is available from collab-maint, and it
  50 is set up to adjust the setup of the machine by just installing the
  51 package.  If there is any non-SSD disk in the machine, the package
  52 will refuse to install, as I did not try to write any logic to sort
  53 file systems in SSD and non-SSD file systems.</p>
  54
  55 <p>I consider the package a draft, as I am a bit unsure how to best
  56 set up Debian Wheezy with an SSD.  It is adjusted to my use case,
  57 where I set up the machine with one large encrypted partition (in
  58 addition to /boot), put LVM on top of this and set up partitions on
  59 top of this again.  See the README file in the package source for the
  60 references I used to pick the settings.  At the moment these
  61 parameters are tuned:</p>
  62
  63 <ul>
  64
  65 <li>Set up cryptsetup to pass TRIM commands to the physical disk
  66     (adding discard to /etc/crypttab)</li>
  67
  68 <li>Set up LVM to pass on TRIM commands to the underlying device (in
  69     this case a cryptsetup partition) by changing issue_discards from
  70     0 to 1 in /etc/lvm/lvm.conf.</li>
  71
  72 <li>Set relatime as a file system option for ext3 and ext4 file
  73     systems.</li>
  74
  75 <li>Tell swap to use TRIM commands by adding 'discard' to
  76     /etc/fstab.</li>
  77
  78 <li>Change I/O scheduler from cfq to deadline using a udev rule.</li>
  79
  80 <li>Run fstrim on every ext3 and ext4 file system every night (from
  81     cron.daily).</li>
  82
  83 <li>Adjust sysctl values vm.swappiness to 1 and vm.vfs_cache_pressure
  84     to 50 to reduce the kernel eagerness to swap out processes.</li>
  85
  86 </ul>
  87
  88 <p>During installation, I cancelled the part where the installer fill
  89 the disk with random data, as this would kill the SSD performance for
  90 little gain.  My goal with the encrypted file system is to ensure
  91 those stealing my laptop end up with a brick and not a working
  92 computer.  I have no hope in keeping the really resourceful people
  93 from getting the data on the disk (see
  94 <a href="http://xkcd.com/538/">XKCD #538</a> for an explanation why).
  95 Thus I concluded that adding the discard option to crypttab is the
  96 right thing to do.</p>
  97
  98 <p>I considered using the noop I/O scheduler, as several recommended
  99 it for SSD, but others recommended deadline and a benchmark I found
 100 indicated that deadline might be better for interactive use.</p>
 101
 102 <p>I also considered using the 'discard' file system option for ext3
 103 and ext4, but read that it would give a performance hit ever time a
 104 file is removed, and thought it best to that that slowdown once a day
 105 instead of during my work.</p>
 106
 107 <p>My package do not set up tmpfs on /var/run, /var/lock and /tmp, as
 108 this is already done by Debian Edu.</p>
 109
 110 <p>I have not yet started on the user space tuning.  I expect
 111 iceweasel need some tuning, and perhaps other applications too, but
 112 have not yet had time to investigate those parts.</p>
 113
 114 <p>The package should work on Ubuntu too, but I have not yet tested it
 115 there.</p>
 116
 117 <p>As for the answer to the question in the title of this blog post,
 118 as far as I know, the only solution I know about is to replace the
 119 disk.  It might be possible to flash it with Intel firmware instead of
 120 the Lenovo firmware.  But I have not tried and did not want to do so
 121 without approval from Lenovo as I wanted to keep the warranty on the
 122 disk until a solution was found and they wanted the broken disks
 123 back.</p>
 124 </div>
 125       <div class="tags">
 126
 127
 128         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
 129
 130
 131       </div>
 132     </div>
 133     <div class="padding"></div>
 134
 135     <div class="entry">
 136       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Intel_SSD_520_Series_180_GB_with_Lenovo_firmware_still_lock_up_from_sustained_writes.html">Intel SSD 520 Series 180 GB with Lenovo firmware still lock up from sustained writes</a></div>
 137       <div class="date">10th July 2013</div>
 138       <div class="body"><p>A few days ago, I wrote about
 139 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/The_Thinkpad_is_dead__long_live_the_Thinkpad_X230_.html">the
 140 problems I experienced with my new X230 and its SSD disk</a>, which
 141 was dying during installation because it is unable to cope with
 142 sustained write.  My supplier is in contact with
 143 <a href="http://www.lenovo.com/">Lenovo</a>, and they wanted to send a
 144 replacement disk to try to fix the problem.  They decided to send an
 145 identical model, so my hopes for a permanent fix was slim.</p>
 146
 147 <p>Anyway, today I got the replacement disk and tried to install
 148 Debian Edu Wheezy with encrypted disk on it.  The new disk have the
 149 same firmware version as the original.  This time my hope raised
 150 slightly as the installation progressed, as the original disk used to
 151 die after 4-7% of the disk was written to, while this time it kept
 152 going past 10%, 20%, 40% and even past 50%.  But around 60%, the disk
 153 died again and I was back on square one.  I still do not have a new
 154 laptop with a disk I can trust.  I can not live with a disk that might
 155 lock up when I download a new
 156 <a href="http://www.skolelinux.org/">Debian Edu / Skolelinux</a> ISO or
 157 other large files.  I look forward to hearing from my supplier with
 158 the next proposal from Lenovo.</p>
 159
 160 <p>The original disk is marked Intel SSD 520 Series 180 GB,
 161 11S0C38722Z1ZNME35X1TR, ISN: CVCV321407HB180EGN, SA: G57560302, FW:
 162 LF1i, 29MAY2013, PBA: G39779-300, LBA 351,651,888, LI P/N: 0C38722,
 163 Pb-free 2LI, LC P/N: 16-200366, WWN: 55CD2E40002756C4, Model:
 164 SSDSC2BW180A3L 2.5" 6Gb/s SATA SSD 180G 5V 1A, ASM P/N 0C38732, FRU
 165 P/N 45N8295, P0C38732.</p>
 166
 167 <p>The replacement disk is marked Intel SSD 520 Series 180 GB,
 168 11S0C38722Z1ZNDE34N0L0, ISN: CVCV315306RK180EGN, SA: G57560-302, FW:
 169 LF1i, 22APR2013, PBA: G39779-300, LBA 351,651,888, LI P/N: 0C38722,
 170 Pb-free 2LI, LC P/N: 16-200366, WWN: 55CD2E40000AB69E, Model:
 171 SSDSC2BW180A3L 2.5" 6Gb/s SATA SSD 180G 5V 1A, ASM P/N 0C38732, FRU
 172 P/N 45N8295, P0C38732.</p>
 173
 174 <p>The only difference is in the first number (serial number?), ISN,
 175 SA, date and WNPP values.  Mentioning all the details here in case
 176 someone is able to use the information to find a way to identify the
 177 failing disk among working ones (if any such working disk actually
 178 exist).</p>
 179 </div>
 180       <div class="tags">
 181
 182
 183         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
 184
 185
 186       </div>
 187     </div>
 188     <div class="padding"></div>
 189
 190     <div class="entry">
 191       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/July_13th__Debian_Ubuntu_BSP_and_Skolelinux_Debian_Edu_developer_gathering_in_Oslo.html">July 13th: Debian/Ubuntu BSP and Skolelinux/Debian Edu developer gathering in Oslo</a></div>
 192       <div class="date"> 9th July 2013</div>
 193       <div class="body"><p>The upcoming Saturday, 2013-07-13, we are organising a combined
 194 Debian Edu developer gathering and Debian and Ubuntu bug squashing
 195 party in Oslo.  It is organised by <a href="http://www.nuug.no/">the
 196 member assosiation NUUG</a> and
 197 <a href="http://www.skolelinux.org/">the Debian Edu / Skolelinux
 198 project</a> together with <a href="http://bitraf.no/">the hack space
 199 Bitraf</a>.</p>
 200
 201 <p>It starts 10:00 and continue until late evening.  Everyone is
 202 welcome, and there is no fee to participate.  There is on the other
 203 hand limited space, and only room for 30 people.  Please put your name
 204 on <a href="http://wiki.debian.org/BSP/2013/07/13/no/Oslo">the event
 205 wiki page</a> if you plan to join us.</p>
 206 </div>
 207       <div class="tags">
 208
 209
 210         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian edu">debian edu</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/nuug">nuug</a>.
 211
 212
 213       </div>
 214     </div>
 215     <div class="padding"></div>
 216
 217     <div class="entry">
 218       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/The_Thinkpad_is_dead__long_live_the_Thinkpad_X230_.html">The Thinkpad is dead, long live the Thinkpad X230?</a></div>
 219       <div class="date"> 5th July 2013</div>
 220       <div class="body"><p>Half a year ago, I reported that I had to find a
 221 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Thank_you_Thinkpad_X41__for_your_long_and_trustworthy_service.html">replacement
 222 for my trusty old Thinkpad X41</a>.  Unfortunately I did not have much
 223 time to spend on it, and it took a while to find a model I believe
 224 will do the job, but two days ago the replacement finally arrived.  I
 225 ended up picking a
 226 <a href="http://www.linlap.com/lenovo_thinkpad_x230">Thinkpad X230</a>
 227 with SSD disk (NZDAJMN).  I first test installed Debian Edu Wheezy as
 228 a roaming workstation, and it seemed to work flawlessly.  But my
 229 second installation with encrypted disk was not as successful.  More
 230 on that below.</p>
 231
 232 <p>I had a hard time trying to track down a good laptop, as my most
 233 important requirements (robust and with a good keyboard) are never
 234 listed in the feature list.  But I did get good help from the search
 235 feature at <a href="http://www.prisjakt.no/">Prisjakt</a>, which
 236 allowed me to limit the list of interesting laptops based on my other
 237 requirements.  A bit surprising that SSD disk are not disks according
 238 to that search interface, so I had to drop specifying the number of
 239 disks from my search parameters.  I also asked around among friends to
 240 get their impression on keyboards and robustness.</p>
 241
 242 <p>So the new laptop arrived, and it is quite a lot wider than the
 243 X41.  I am not quite convinced about the keyboard, as it is
 244 significantly wider than my old keyboard, and I have to stretch my
 245 hand a lot more to reach the edges.  But the key response is fairly
 246 good and the individual key shape is fairly easy to handle, so I hope
 247 I will get used to it.  My old X40 was starting to fail, and I really
 248 needed a new laptop now. :)</p>
 249
 250 <p>Turning off the touch pad was simple.  All it took was a quick
 251 visit to the BIOS during boot it disable it.</p>
 252
 253 <p>But there is a fatal problem with the laptop.  The 180 GB SSD disk
 254 lock up during load.  And this happen when installing Debian Wheezy
 255 with encrypted disk, while the disk is being filled with random data.
 256 I also tested to install Ubuntu Raring, and it happen there too if I
 257 reenable the code to fill the disk with random data (it is disabled by
 258 default in Ubuntu).  And the bug with is already known.  It was
 259 reported to Debian as <a href="http://bugs.debian.org/691427">BTS
 260 report #691427 2012-10-25</a> (journal commit I/O error on brand-new
 261 Thinkpad T430s ext4 on lvm on SSD).  It is also reported to the Linux
 262 kernel developers as
 263 <a href="https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=51861">Kernel bugzilla
 264 report #51861 2012-12-20</a> (Intel SSD 520 stops working under load
 265 (SSDSC2BW180A3L in Lenovo ThinkPad T430s)). It is also reported on the
 266 Lenovo forums, both for
 267 <a href="http://forums.lenovo.com/t5/T400-T500-and-newer-T-series/T430s-Intel-SSD-520-180GB-issue/m-p/1070549">T430
 268 2012-11-10</a> and for
 269 <a href="http://forums.lenovo.com/t5/X-Series-ThinkPad-Laptops/x230-SATA-errors-with-180GB-Intel-520-SSD-under-heavy-write-load/m-p/1068147">X230
 270 03-20-2013</a>.  The problem do not only affect installation.  The
 271 reports state that the disk lock up during use if many writes are done
 272 on the disk, so it is much no use to work around the installation
 273 problem and end up with a computer that can lock up at any moment.
 274 There is even a
 275 <a href="https://git.efficios.com/?p=test-ssd.git">small C program
 276 available</a> that will lock up the hard drive after running a few
 277 minutes by writing to a file.</p>
 278
 279 <p>I've contacted my supplier and asked how to handle this, and after
 280 contacting PCHELP Norway (request 01D1FDP) which handle support
 281 requests for Lenovo, his first suggestion was to upgrade the disk
 282 firmware.  Unfortunately there is no newer firmware available from
 283 Lenovo, as my disk already have the most recent one (version LF1i).  I
 284 hope to hear more from him today and hope the problem can be
 285 fixed. :)</p>
 286 </div>
 287       <div class="tags">
 288
 289
 290         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
 291
 292
 293       </div>
 294     </div>
 295     <div class="padding"></div>
 296
 297     <div class="entry">
 298       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/The_Thinkpad_is_dead__long_live_the_Thinkpad_X230.html">The Thinkpad is dead, long live the Thinkpad X230</a></div>
 299       <div class="date"> 4th July 2013</div>
 300       <div class="body"><p>Half a year ago, I reported that I had to find a replacement for my
 301 trusty old Thinkpad X41.  Unfortunately I did not have much time to
 302 spend on it, but today the replacement finally arrived.  I ended up
 303 picking a <a href="http://www.linlap.com/lenovo_thinkpad_x230">Thinkpad
 304 X230</a> with SSD disk (NZDAJMN).  I first test installed Debian Edu
 305 Wheezy as a roaming workstation, and it worked flawlessly.  As I write
 306 this, it is installing what I hope will be a more final installation,
 307 with a encrypted hard drive to ensure any dope head stealing it end up
 308 with an expencive door stop.</p>
 309
 310 <p>I had a hard time trying to track down a good laptop, as my most
 311 important requirements (robust and with a good keyboard) are never
 312 listed in the feature list.  But I did get good help from the search
 313 feature at <ahref="http://www.prisjakt.no/">Prisjakt</a>, which
 314 allowed me to limit the list of interesting laptops based on my other
 315 requirements.  A bit surprising that SSD disk are not disks, so I had
 316 to drop number of disks from my search parameters.</p>
 317
 318 <p>I am not quite convinced about the keyboard, as it is significantly
 319 wider than my old keyboard, and I have to stretch my hand a lot more
 320 to reach the edges.  But the key response is fairly good and the
 321 individual key shape is fairly easy to handle, so I hope I will get
 322 used to it.  My old X40 was starting to fail, and I really needed a
 323 new laptop now. :)</p>
 324
 325 <p>I look forward to figuring out how to turn off the touch pad.</p>
 326 </div>
 327       <div class="tags">
 328
 329
 330         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
 331
 332
 333       </div>
 334     </div>
 335     <div class="padding"></div>
 336
 337     <div class="entry">
 338       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Fourth_alpha_release_of_Debian_Edu_Skolelinux_based_on_Debian_Wheezy.html">Fourth alpha release of Debian Edu/Skolelinux based on Debian Wheezy</a></div>
 339       <div class="date"> 3rd July 2013</div>
 340       <div class="body"><p>The fourth wheezy based alpha release of Debian Edu was wrapped up
 341 today.  This is the release announcement:</p>
 342
 343 <p><strong>New features for Debian Edu 7.1+edu0~alpha3 released
 344 2013-07-03</strong></p>
 345
 346 <p>These are the release notes for for Debian Edu / Skolelinux
 347 7.1+edu0~alpha3, based on Debian with codename "Wheezy".</p>
 348
 349 <p><strong>About Debian Edu and Skolelinux</strong></p>
 350
 351 <p><a href="http://www.skolelinux.org/">Debian Edu, also known as
 352 Skolelinux</a>, is a Linux distribution based on Debian providing an
 353 out-of-the box environment of a completely configured school
 354 network. Immediately after installation a school server running all
 355 services needed for a school network is set up just waiting for users
 356 and machines being added via GOsa², a comfortable Web-UI. A netbooting
 357 environment is prepared using PXE, so after initial installation of
 358 the main server from CD, DVD or USB stick all other machines can be
 359 installed via the network. The provided school server provides LDAP
 360 database and Kerberos authentication service, centralized home
 361 directories, DHCP server, web proxy and many other services. The
 362 desktop contains
 363 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Educational_applications_included_in_Debian_Edu___Skolelinux__the_screenshot_collection____.html">more
 364 than 60 educational software packages</a> and more are available from
 365 the Debian archive, and schools can choose between KDE, Gnome, LXDE
 366 and Xfce desktop environment.</p>
 367
 368 <p>This is the fourth test release based on Debian Wheezy. Basically
 369 this is an updated and slightly improved version compared to the
 370 Squeeze release.</p>
 371
 372 <p><strong>Software updates</strong></p>
 373 <ul>
 374   <li>Dropped ispell dictionaries from our default installation.</li>
 375   <li>Dropped menu-xdg from the KDE desktop option, to drop the Debian
 376     submenu.  It was not included with Gnome, LXDE or Xfce, so this
 377     brings KDE in line with the others.</li>
 378   <li>Dropped xdrawchem, xjig and xsok from our default installation as
 379     they don't have a desktop menu entry and thus won't show up in the
 380     menu now that menu-xdg was removed.</li>
 381   <li>Removed the killer system to kill left behind processes on
 382     multi-user machines, as it was no longer able to understand when a
 383     X display was in use and killed the processes of the active users
 384     too.</li>
 385   <li>Dropped the golearn (from goplay) package as the debtags in wheezy
 386     are too few to make the package useful.</li>
 387 </ul>
 388 <p><strong>Other changes</strong></p>
 389 <ul>
 390   <li>Updated artwork matching http://wiki.debian.org/DebianArt/Themes/Joy
 391   <li>Multi-arch i386/amd64 USB stick ISO available.</li>
 392   <li>Got rid of ispell/wordlist related debconf questions that showed
 393     up for some language options.</li>
 394   <li>Switched to using http.debian.net as APT source by default.</li>
 395   <li>Fixed proxy configuration on Main Server installations.</li>
 396   <li>Changed LTSP setup to ask dpkg to use force-unsafe-io the same way
 397     d-i is doing it.</li>
 398   <li>Made sure root and user passwords were not left behind in the
 399     debconf database after installation on Main Server installations.</li>
 400   <li>Made Roaming Workstation dynamic setup more robust and added draft
 401     script setup-ad-client to hook a Roaming Workstation up to a
 402     Active Directory server instead of a Debian Edu Main Server.</li>
 403   <li>Update system to install needed firmware packages during
 404     installation, to work properly in Wheezy.</li>
 405   <li>Update system to handle hardware quirks (debian-edu-hwsetup).</li>
 406   <li>Corrected PXE installation setup to properly pass selected desktop
 407     and keymap settings to PXE installation clients.</li>
 408   <li>LTSP diskless workstations use sshfs by default, allowing them to
 409     work without adding them to DNS and NIS netgroups for NFS access.</li>
 410 </ul>
 411 <p><strong>Known issues</strong></p>
 412 <ul>
 413   <li>No mass import of user account data in GOsa (ldif or csv)
 414     available yet (698840).</li>
 415   <li>Artwork not enabled for all desktops.</li>
 416 </ul>
 417 <p><strong>Where to get it</strong></p>
 418
 419 <p>To download the multiarch netinstall CD release you can use</p>
 420 <ul>
 421   <li><a href="ftp://ftp.skolelinux.org/skolelinux-cd/wheezy/debian-edu-7.1+edu0~a3-CD.iso">ftp://ftp.skolelinux.org/skolelinux-cd/wheezy/debian-edu-7.1+edu0~a3-CD.iso</a></li>
 422   <li><a href="http://ftp.skolelinux.org/skolelinux-cd/wheezy/debian-edu-7.1+edu0~a3-CD.iso">http://ftp.skolelinux.org/skolelinux-cd/wheezy/debian-edu-7.1+edu0~a3-CD.iso</a></li>
 423   <li>rsync -avzP ftp.skolelinux.org::skolelinux-cd/wheezy/debian-edu-7.1+edu0~a3-CD.iso .</li>
 424 </ul>
 425
 426 <p>The MD5SUM of this image is: 2b161a99d2a848c376d8d04e3854e30c
 427 <br>The SHA1SUM of this image is: 498922e9c508c0a7ee9dbe1dfe5bf830d779c3c8</p>
 428
 429 <p>To download the multiarch USB stick ISO release you can use</p>
 430 <ul>
 431   <li><a href="ftp://ftp.skolelinux.org/skolelinux-cd/wheezy/debian-edu-7.1+edu0~a3-USB.iso">ftp://ftp.skolelinux.org/skolelinux-cd/wheezy/debian-edu-7.1+edu0~a3-USB.iso</a></li>
 432   <li><a href="http://ftp.skolelinux.org/skolelinux-cd/wheezy/debian-edu-7.1+edu0~a3-USB.iso">http://ftp.skolelinux.org/skolelinux-cd/wheezy/debian-edu-7.1+edu0~a3-USB.iso</a></li>
 433   <li>rsync -avzP ftp.skolelinux.org::skolelinux-cd/wheezy/debian-edu-7.1+edu0~a3-USB.iso .</li>
 434 </ul>
 435
 436 <p>The MD5SUM of this image is: 25e808e403a4c15dbef1d13c37d572ac
 437 <br>The SHA1SUM of this image is: 15ecfc93eb6b4f453b7eb0bc04b6a279262d9721</p>
 438
 439 <p><strong>How to report bugs</strong></p>
 440
 441 <p><a href="http://wiki.debian.org/DebianEdu/HowTo/ReportBugs">http://wiki.debian.org/DebianEdu/HowTo/ReportBugs</a></p>
 442 </div>
 443       <div class="tags">
 444
 445
 446         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian edu">debian edu</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
 447
 448
 449       </div>
 450     </div>
 451     <div class="padding"></div>
 452
 453     <div class="entry">
 454       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Automatically_locate_and_install_required_firmware_packages_on_Debian__Isenkram_0_4_.html">Automatically locate and install required firmware packages on Debian (Isenkram 0.4)</a></div>
 455       <div class="date">25th June 2013</div>
 456       <div class="body"><p>It annoys me when the computer fail to do automatically what it is
 457 perfectly capable of, and I have to do it manually to get things
 458 working.  One such task is to find out what firmware packages are
 459 needed to get the hardware on my computer working.  Most often this
 460 affect the wifi card, but some times it even affect the RAID
 461 controller or the ethernet card.  Today I pushed version 0.4 of the
 462 <a href="http://packages.qa.debian.org/isenkram">Isenkram package</a>
 463 including a new script isenkram-autoinstall-firmware handling the
 464 process of asking all the loaded kernel modules what firmware files
 465 they want, find debian packages providing these files and install the
 466 debian packages.  Here is a test run on my laptop:</p>
 467
 468 <p><pre>
 469 # isenkram-autoinstall-firmware
 470 info: kernel drivers requested extra firmware: ipw2200-bss.fw ipw2200-ibss.fw ipw2200-sniffer.fw
 471 info: fetching http://http.debian.net/debian/dists/squeeze/Contents-i386.gz
 472 info: locating packages with the requested firmware files
 473 info: Updating APT sources after adding non-free APT source
 474 info: trying to install firmware-ipw2x00
 475 firmware-ipw2x00
 476 firmware-ipw2x00
 477 Preconfiguring packages ...
 478 Selecting previously deselected package firmware-ipw2x00.
 479 (Reading database ... 259727 files and directories currently installed.)
 480 Unpacking firmware-ipw2x00 (from .../firmware-ipw2x00_0.28+squeeze1_all.deb) ...
 481 Setting up firmware-ipw2x00 (0.28+squeeze1) ...
 482 #
 483 </pre></p>
 484
 485 <p>When all the requested firmware is present, a simple message is
 486 printed instead:</p>
 487
 488 <p><pre>
 489 # isenkram-autoinstall-firmware
 490 info: did not find any firmware files requested by loaded kernel modules.  exiting
 491 #
 492 </pre></p>
 493
 494 <p>It could use some polish, but it is already working well and saving
 495 me some time when setting up new machines. :)</p>
 496
 497 <p>So, how does it work?  It look at the set of currently loaded
 498 kernel modules, and look up each one of them using modinfo, to find
 499 the firmware files listed in the module meta-information.  Next, it
 500 download the Contents file from a nearby APT mirror, and search for
 501 the firmware files in this file to locate the package with the
 502 requested firmware file.  If the package is in the non-free section, a
 503 non-free APT source is added and the package is installed using
 504 <tt>apt-get install</tt>.  The end result is a slightly better working
 505 machine.</p>
 506
 507 <p>I hope someone find time to implement a more polished version of
 508 this script as part of the hw-detect debian-installer module, to
 509 finally fix <a href="http://bugs.debian.org/655507">BTS report
 510 #655507</a>.  There really is no need to insert USB sticks with
 511 firmware during a PXE install when the packages already are available
 512 from the nearby Debian mirror.</p>
 513 </div>
 514       <div class="tags">
 515
 516
 517         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/isenkram">isenkram</a>.
 518
 519
 520       </div>
 521     </div>
 522     <div class="padding"></div>
 523
 524     <div class="entry">
 525       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/The_value_of_a_good_distro_wide_test_suite___.html">The value of a good distro wide test suite...</a></div>
 526       <div class="date">22nd June 2013</div>
 527       <div class="body"><p>In the <a href="http://www.skolelinux.org/">Debian Edu /
 528 Skolelinux</a> project, we include a post-installation test suite,
 529 which check that services are running, working, and return the
 530 expected results.  It runs automatically just after the first boot on
 531 test installations (using test ISOs), but not on production
 532 installations (using non-test ISOs).  It test that the LDAP service is
 533 operating, Kerberos is responding, DNS is replying, file systems are
 534 online resizable, etc, etc.  And it check that the PXE service is
 535 configured, which is the topic of this post.</p>
 536
 537 <p>The last week I've fixed the DVD and USB stick ISOs for our Debian
 538 Edu Wheezy release.  These ISOs are supposed to be able to install a
 539 complete system without any Internet connection, but for that to
 540 happen all the needed packages need to be on them.  Thanks to our test
 541 suite, I discovered that we had forgotten to adjust our PXE setup to
 542 cope with the new names and paths used by the netboot d-i packages.
 543 When Internet connectivity was available, the installer fall back to
 544 using wget to fetch d-i boot images, but when offline it require
 545 working packages to get it working.  And ad the packages changed name
 546 from debian-installer-6.0-netboot-$arch to
 547 debian-installer-7.0-netboot-$arch, we no longer pulled in the
 548 packages during installation.  Without our test suite, I suspect we
 549 would never have discovered this before release.  Now it is fixed
 550 right after we got the ISOs operational.</p>
 551
 552 <p>Another by-product of the test suite is that we can ask system
 553 administrators with problems getting Debian Edu to work, to run the
 554 test suite using <tt>/usr/sbin/debian-edu-test-install</tt> and see if
 555 any errors are detected.  This usually pinpoint the subsystem causing
 556 the problem.</p>
 557
 558 <p>If you want to help us help kids learn how to share and create,
 559 please join us on
 560 <a href="irc://irc.debian.org/%23debian-edu">#debian-edu on
 561 irc.debian.org</a> and the
 562 <a href="http://lists.debian.org/debian-edu/">debian-edu@</a> mailing
 563 list.</p>
 564 </div>
 565       <div class="tags">
 566
 567
 568         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian edu">debian edu</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
 569
 570
 571       </div>
 572     </div>
 573     <div class="padding"></div>
 574
 575     <div class="entry">
 576       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Debian_Edu_interview__Victor_Ni_u.html">Debian Edu interview: Victor Nițu</a></div>
 577       <div class="date">17th June 2013</div>
 578       <div class="body"><p>The <a href="http://www.skolelinux.org/">Debian Edu and
 579 Skolelinux</a> distribution have users and contributors all around the
 580 globe.  And a while back, an enterprising young man showed up on
 581 <a href="irc://irc.debian.org/%23debian-edu">our IRC channel
 582 #debian-edu</a> and started asking questions about how Debian Edu
 583 worked.  We answered as good as we could, and even convinced him to
 584 help us with translations.  And today I managed to get an interview
 585 with him, to learn more about him.</p>
 586
 587 <p><strong>Who are you, and how do you spend your days?</strong></p>
 588
 589 <p>I'm a 25 year old free software enthusiast, living in Romania,
 590 which is also my country of origin. Back in 2009, at a New Year's Eve
 591 party, I had a very nice <strike>beer</strike> discussion with a
 592 friend, when we realized we have no organised Debian community in our
 593 country. A few days later, we put together the infrastructure for such
 594 community and even gathered a nice Debian-ish crowd. Since then, I
 595 began my quest as a free software hacker and activist and I am
 596 constantly trying to cover as much ground as possible on that
 597 field.</p>
 598
 599 <p>A few years ago I founded a small web development company, which
 600 provided me the flexible schedule I needed so much for my
 601 activities. For the last 13 months, I have been the Technical Director
 602 of <a href="http://ceata.org/">Fundația Ceata</a>, which is a free
 603 software activist organisation endorsed by the FSF and the FSFE, and
 604 the only one we have in our country.</p>
 605
 606 <p><strong>How did you get in contact with the Skolelinux / Debian Edu
 607 project?</strong></p>
 608
 609 <p>The idea of participating in the Debian Edu project was a surprise
 610 even to me, since I never used it before I began getting involved in
 611 it. This year I had a great opportunity to deliver a talk on
 612 educational software, and I knew immediately where to look. It was a
 613 love at first sight, since I was previously involved with some of the
 614 technologies the project incorporates, and I rapidly found a lot of
 615 ways to contribute.</p>
 616
 617 <p>My first contributions consisted in translating the installer and
 618 configuration dialogs, then I found some bugs to squash (I still
 619 haven't fixed them yet though), and I even got my eyes on some other
 620 areas where I can prove myself helpful. Since the appetite for free
 621 software in my country is pretty low, I'll be happy to be the first
 622 one around here advocating for the project's adoption in educational
 623 environments, and maybe even get my hands dirty in creating a flavour
 624 for our own needs. I am not used to make very advanced plannings, so
 625 from now on, time will tell what I'll be doing next, but I think I
 626 have a pretty consistent starting point.</p>
 627
 628 <p><strong>What do you see as the advantages of Skolelinux/Debian
 629 Edu?</strong></p>
 630
 631 <p>Not a long time ago, I was in the position of configuring and
 632 maintaining a LDAP server on some Debian derivative, and I must say it
 633 took me a while. A long time ago, I was maintaining a bigger
 634 Samba-powered infrastructure, and I must say I spent quite a lot of
 635 time on it. I have similar stories about many of the services included
 636 with Skolelinux, and the main advantage I see about it is the
 637 out-of-the box availability of them, making it quite competitive when
 638 it comes to managing a school's network, for example.</p>
 639
 640 <p>Of course, there is more to say about Skolelinux than the
 641 availability of the software included, its flexibility in various
 642 scenarios is something I can't wait to experiment "into the wild" (I
 643 only played with virtual machines so far). And I am sure there is a
 644 lot more I haven't discovered yet about it, being so new within the
 645 project.</p>
 646
 647 <p><strong>What do you see as the disadvantages of Skolelinux / Debian
 648 Edu?</strong></p>
 649
 650 <p>As usual, when it comes to Debian Blends, I see as the biggest
 651 disadvantage the lack of a numerous team dedicated to the
 652 project. Every day I see the same names in the changelogs, and I have
 653 a constantly fear of the bus factor in this story.  I'd like to see
 654 Debian Edu advertised more as an entry point into the Debian
 655 ecosystem, especially amongst newcomers and students. IMHO there are a
 656 lot low-hanging fruits in terms of bug squashing, and enough
 657 opportunities to get the feeling of the Debian Project's dynamics. Not
 658 to mention it's a very fun blend to work on!</p>
 659
 660 <p>Derived from the previous statement, is the delay in catching up
 661 with the main Debian release and documentation. This is common though
 662 to all blends and derivatives, but it's an issue we can all work
 663 on.</p>
 664
 665 <p><strong>Which free software do you use daily?</strong></p>
 666
 667 <p>I can hardly imagine myself spending a day without Vim, since my
 668 daily routine covers writing code and hacking configuration files. I
 669 am a fan of the Awesome window manager (but I also like the
 670 Enlightenment project a lot!),
 671 <a href="http://www.claws-mail.org/‎">Claws Mail</a> due to its ease of
 672 use and very configurable behaviour. Recently I fell in love with
 673 <a href="https://launchpad.net/redshift">Redshift</a>, which helps me
 674 get through the night without headaches. Of course, there is much more
 675 stuff in this bag, but I'll need a blog on my own for doing this!</p>
 676
 677 <p><strong>Which strategy do you believe is the right one to use to
 678 get schools to use free software?</strong></p>
 679
 680 <p>Well, on this field, I cannot do much more than experiment right
 681 now. So, being far from having a recipe for success, I can only assume
 682 that:</p>
 683
 684 <ul>
 685
 686 <li>schools would like to get rid of proprietary software</li>
 687
 688 <li>students will love the openness of the system, and will want to
 689     experiment with it - maybe we need to harvest the native curiosity
 690     of teenagers more?</li>
 691
 692 <li>there is no "right one" when it comes to strategies, but it would
 693     be useful to have some success stories published somewhere, so
 694     other can get some inspiration from them (I know I'd promote
 695     them!)</li>
 696
 697 <li>more active promotion - talks, conferences, even small school
 698     lectures can do magical things if they encounter at least one
 699     person interested. Who knows who that person might be? ;-)</li>
 700
 701 </ul>
 702
 703 <p>I also see some problems in getting Skolelinux into schools; for
 704 example, in our country we have a great deal of corruption issues, so
 705 it might be hard(er) to fight against proprietary solutions. Also,
 706 people who relied on commercial software for all their lives, would be
 707 very hard to convert against their will.</p>
 708 </div>
 709       <div class="tags">
 710
 711
 712         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian edu">debian edu</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/intervju">intervju</a>.
 713
 714
 715       </div>
 716     </div>
 717     <div class="padding"></div>
 718
 719     <div class="entry">
 720       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Debian_Edu_interview__Jonathan_Carter.html">Debian Edu interview: Jonathan Carter</a></div>
 721       <div class="date">12th June 2013</div>
 722       <div class="body"><p>There is a certain cross-over between the
 723 <a href="http://www.skolelinux.org/">Debian Edu / Skolelinux
 724 project</a> and <a href="http://www.edubuntu.org/">the Edubuntu
 725 project</a>, and for example the LTSP packages in Debian are a joint
 726 effort between the projects.  One person with a foot in both camps is
 727 Jonathan Carter, which I am now happy to present to you.</p>
 728
 729 <p><strong>Who are you, and how do you spend your days?</strong></p>
 730
 731 <p>I'm a South-African free software geek who lives in Cape Town. My
 732 days vary quite a bit since I'm involved in too many things. As I'm
 733 getting older I'm learning how to focus a bit more :)</p>
 734
 735 <p>I'm also an Edubuntu contributor and I love when there are
 736 opportunities for the Edubuntu and Debian Edu projects to benefit from
 737 each other.</p>
 738
 739 <p><strong>How did you get in contact with the Skolelinux / Debian Edu
 740 project?</strong></p>
 741
 742 <p>I've been somewhat familiar with the project before, but I think my
 743 first direct exposure to the project was when I met Petter
 744 [Reinholdtsen] and Knut [Yrvin] at the Edubuntu summit in 2005 in
 745 London. They provided great feedback that helped the bootstrapping of
 746 Edubuntu. Back then Edubuntu (and even Ubuntu) was still very new and
 747 it was great getting input from people who have been around longer. I
 748 was also still very excitable and said yes to everything and to this
 749 day I have a big todo list backlog that I'm catching up with. I think
 750 over the years the relationship between Edubuntu and Debian-Edu has
 751 been gradually improving, although I think there's a lot that we could
 752 still improve on in terms of working together on packages. I'm sure
 753 we'll get there one day.</p>
 754
 755 <p><strong>What do you see as the advantages of Skolelinux / Debian
 756 Edu?</strong></p>
 757
 758 <p>Debian itself already has so many advantages. I could go on about
 759 it for pages, but in essence I love that it's a very honest project
 760 that puts its users first with no hidden agendas and also produces
 761 very high quality work.</p>
 762
 763 <p>I think the advantage of Debian Edu is that it makes many common
 764 set-up tasks simpler so that administrators can get up and running
 765 with a lot less effort and frustration. At the same time I think it
 766 helps to standardise installations in schools so that it's easier for
 767 community members and commercial suppliers to support.</p>
 768
 769 <p><strong>What do you see as the disadvantages of Skolelinux / Debian
 770 Edu?</strong></p>
 771
 772 <p>I had to re-type this one a few times because I'm trying to
 773 separate "disadvantages" from "areas that need improvement" (which is
 774 what I originally rambled on about)</p>
 775
 776 <p>The biggest disadvantage I can think of is lack of manpower. The
 777 project could do so much more if there were more good contributors. I
 778 think some of the problems are external too. Free software and free
 779 content in education is a no-brainer but it takes some time to catch
 780 on. When you've been working with the same proprietary eco-system for
 781 years and have gotten used to it, it can be hard to adjust to some
 782 concepts in the free software world. It would be nice if there were
 783 more Debian Edu consultants across the world. I'd love to be one
 784 myself but I'm already so over-committed that it's just not possible
 785 currently.</p>
 786
 787 <p>I think the best short-term solution to that large-scale problem is
 788 for schools to be pro-active and share their experiences and grow
 789 their skills in-house. I'm often saddened to see how much money
 790 educational institutions spend on 3rd party solutions that they don't
 791 have access to after the service has ended and they could've gotten so
 792 much more value otherwise by being more self-sustainable and
 793 autonomous.</p>
 794
 795 <p><strong>Which free software do you use daily?</strong></p>
 796
 797 <p>My main laptop dual-boots between Debian and Windows 7. I was
 798 Windows free for years but started dual-booting again last year for
 799 some games which help me focus and relax (Starcraft II in
 800 particular). Gaming support on Linux is improving in leaps and bounds
 801 so I suppose I'll soon be able to regain that disk space :)</p>
 802
 803 <p>Besides that I rely on Icedove, Chromium, Terminator, Byobu, irssi,
 804 git, Tomboy, KVM, VLC and LibreOffice. Recently I've been torn on
 805 which desktop environment I like and I'm taking some refuge in Xfce
 806 while I figure that out. I like tools that keep things simple. I enjoy
 807 Python and shell scripting. I went to an Arduino workshop recently and
 808 it was awesome seeing how easy and simple the IDE software was to get
 809 up and running in Debian compared to the users running Windows and OS
 810 X.</p>
 811
 812 <p>I also use mc which some people frown upon slightly. I got used to
 813 using Norton Commander in the early 90's and it stuck (I think the
 814 people who sneer at it is just jealous that they don't know how to use
 815 it :p)
 816
 817 <p><strong>Which strategy do you believe is the right one to use to
 818 get schools to use free software?</strong></p>
 819
 820 <p>I think trying to force it is unproductive. I also think that in
 821 many cases it's appropriate for schools to use non-free systems and I
 822 don't think that there's any particular moral or ethical problem with
 823 that.</p>
 824
 825 <p>I do think though that free software can already solve so so many
 826 problems in educational institutions and it's just a shame not taking
 827 advantage of that.</p>
 828
 829 <p>I also think that some curricula need serious review. For example,
 830 some areas of the world rely heavily on very specific versions of MS
 831 Office, teaching students to parrot menu items instead of learning the
 832 general concepts. I think that's very unproductive because firstly, MS
 833 Office's interface changes drastically every few years and on top of
 834 that it also locks in a generation to a product that might not be the
 835 best solution for them.</p>
 836
 837 <p>To answer your question, I believe that the right strategy is to
 838 educate and inform, giving someone the information they require to
 839 make a decision that would work for them.</p>
 840 </div>
 841       <div class="tags">
 842
 843
 844         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian edu">debian edu</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/intervju">intervju</a>.
 845
 846
 847       </div>
 848     </div>
 849     <div class="padding"></div>
 850
 851     <p style="text-align: right;"><a href="index.rss"><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/xml.gif" alt="RSS feed" width="36" height="14" /></a></p>
 852     <div id="sidebar">
 853
 854
 855
 856 <h2>Archive</h2>
 857 <ul>
 858
 859 <li>2013
 860 <ul>
 861
 862 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/01/">January (11)</a></li>
 863
 864 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/02/">February (9)</a></li>
 865
 866 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/03/">March (9)</a></li>
 867
 868 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/04/">April (6)</a></li>
 869
 870 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/05/">May (9)</a></li>
 871
 872 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/06/">June (10)</a></li>
 873
 874 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/07/">July (6)</a></li>
 875
 876 </ul></li>
 877
 878 <li>2012
 879 <ul>
 880
 881 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/01/">January (7)</a></li>
 882
 883 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/02/">February (10)</a></li>
 884
 885 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/03/">March (17)</a></li>
 886
 887 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/04/">April (12)</a></li>
 888
 889 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/05/">May (12)</a></li>
 890
 891 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/06/">June (20)</a></li>
 892
 893 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/07/">July (17)</a></li>
 894
 895 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/08/">August (6)</a></li>
 896
 897 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/09/">September (9)</a></li>
 898
 899 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/10/">October (17)</a></li>
 900
 901 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/11/">November (10)</a></li>
 902
 903 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/12/">December (7)</a></li>
 904
 905 </ul></li>
 906
 907 <li>2011
 908 <ul>
 909
 910 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/01/">January (16)</a></li>
 911
 912 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/02/">February (6)</a></li>
 913
 914 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/03/">March (6)</a></li>
 915
 916 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/04/">April (7)</a></li>
 917
 918 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/05/">May (3)</a></li>
 919
 920 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/06/">June (2)</a></li>
 921
 922 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/07/">July (7)</a></li>
 923
 924 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/08/">August (6)</a></li>
 925
 926 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/09/">September (4)</a></li>
 927
 928 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/10/">October (2)</a></li>
 929
 930 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/11/">November (3)</a></li>
 931
 932 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/12/">December (1)</a></li>
 933
 934 </ul></li>
 935
 936 <li>2010
 937 <ul>
 938
 939 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/01/">January (2)</a></li>
 940
 941 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/02/">February (1)</a></li>
 942
 943 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/03/">March (3)</a></li>
 944
 945 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/04/">April (3)</a></li>
 946
 947 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/05/">May (9)</a></li>
 948
 949 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/06/">June (14)</a></li>
 950
 951 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/07/">July (12)</a></li>
 952
 953 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/08/">August (13)</a></li>
 954
 955 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/09/">September (7)</a></li>
 956
 957 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/10/">October (9)</a></li>
 958
 959 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/11/">November (13)</a></li>
 960
 961 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/12/">December (12)</a></li>
 962
 963 </ul></li>
 964
 965 <li>2009
 966 <ul>
 967
 968 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/01/">January (8)</a></li>
 969
 970 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/02/">February (8)</a></li>
 971
 972 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/03/">March (12)</a></li>
 973
 974 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/04/">April (10)</a></li>
 975
 976 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/05/">May (9)</a></li>
 977
 978 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/06/">June (3)</a></li>
 979
 980 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/07/">July (4)</a></li>
 981
 982 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/08/">August (3)</a></li>
 983
 984 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/09/">September (1)</a></li>
 985
 986 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/10/">October (2)</a></li>
 987
 988 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/11/">November (3)</a></li>
 989
 990 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/12/">December (3)</a></li>
 991
 992 </ul></li>
 993
 994 <li>2008
 995 <ul>
 996
 997 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2008/11/">November (5)</a></li>
 998
 999 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2008/12/">December (7)</a></li>
1000
1001 </ul></li>
1002
1003 </ul>
1004
1005
1006
1007 <h2>Tags</h2>
1008 <ul>
1009
1010  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/3d-printer">3d-printer (13)</a></li>
1011
1012  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/amiga">amiga (1)</a></li>
1013
1014  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/aros">aros (1)</a></li>
1015
1016  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bankid">bankid (4)</a></li>
1017
1018  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bitcoin">bitcoin (7)</a></li>
1019
1020  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bootsystem">bootsystem (12)</a></li>
1021
1022  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bsa">bsa (2)</a></li>
1023
1024  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian (83)</a></li>
1025
1026  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian edu">debian edu (137)</a></li>
1027
1028  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/digistan">digistan (10)</a></li>
1029
1030  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/docbook">docbook (9)</a></li>
1031
1032  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/drivstoffpriser">drivstoffpriser (4)</a></li>
1033
1034  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english (209)</a></li>
1035
1036  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/fiksgatami">fiksgatami (21)</a></li>
1037
1038  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/fildeling">fildeling (12)</a></li>
1039
1040  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/freeculture">freeculture (11)</a></li>
1041
1042  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/frikanalen">frikanalen (11)</a></li>
1043
1044  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/intervju">intervju (37)</a></li>
1045
1046  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/isenkram">isenkram (7)</a></li>
1047
1048  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/kart">kart (18)</a></li>
1049
1050  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ldap">ldap (8)</a></li>
1051
1052  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/lenker">lenker (6)</a></li>
1053
1054  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ltsp">ltsp (1)</a></li>
1055
1056  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/multimedia">multimedia (25)</a></li>
1057
1058  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/norsk">norsk (234)</a></li>
1059
1060  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/nuug">nuug (153)</a></li>
1061
1062  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/offentlig innsyn">offentlig innsyn (8)</a></li>
1063
1064  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/open311">open311 (2)</a></li>
1065
1066  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/opphavsrett">opphavsrett (44)</a></li>
1067
1068  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/personvern">personvern (65)</a></li>
1069
1070  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/raid">raid (1)</a></li>
1071
1072  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/reprap">reprap (11)</a></li>
1073
1074  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/rfid">rfid (2)</a></li>
1075
1076  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/robot">robot (7)</a></li>
1077
1078  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/rss">rss (1)</a></li>
1079
1080  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ruter">ruter (4)</a></li>
1081
1082  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/scraperwiki">scraperwiki (2)</a></li>
1083
1084  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sikkerhet">sikkerhet (29)</a></li>
1085
1086  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sitesummary">sitesummary (4)</a></li>
1087
1088  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/skepsis">skepsis (4)</a></li>
1089
1090  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/standard">standard (43)</a></li>
1091
1092  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/stavekontroll">stavekontroll (3)</a></li>
1093
1094  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/stortinget">stortinget (7)</a></li>
1095
1096  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/surveillance">surveillance (15)</a></li>
1097
1098  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sysadmin">sysadmin (1)</a></li>
1099
1100  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/valg">valg (7)</a></li>
1101
1102  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/video">video (38)</a></li>
1103
1104  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/vitenskap">vitenskap (4)</a></li>
1105
1106  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/web">web (26)</a></li>
1107
1108 </ul>
1109
1110
1111     </div>
1112     <p style="text-align: right">
1113  Created by <a href="http://steve.org.uk/Software/chronicle">Chronicle v4.6</a>
1114 </p>
1115
1116   </body>
1117 </html>