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  13  <h1>
  14      <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/">Petter Reinholdtsen</a>
  15
  16  </h1>
  17
  18 </div>
  19
  20
  21
  22     <div class="entry">
  23       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/The_life_and_death_of_a_laptop_battery.html">The life and death of a laptop battery</a></div>
  24       <div class="date">24th September 2015</div>
  25       <div class="body"><p>When I get a new laptop, the battery life time at the start is OK.
  26 But this do not last.  The last few laptops gave me a feeling that
  27 within a year, the life time is just a fraction of what it used to be,
  28 and it slowly become painful to use the laptop without power connected
  29 all the time.  Because of this, when I got a new Thinkpad X230 laptop
  30 about two years ago, I decided to monitor its battery state to have
  31 more hard facts when the battery started to fail.</p>
  32
  33 <img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2015-09-24-laptop-battery-graph.png"/>
  34
  35 <p>First I tried to find a sensible Debian package to record the
  36 battery status, assuming that this must be a problem already handled
  37 by someone else.  I found
  38 <a href="https://tracker.debian.org/pkg/battery-stats">battery-stats</a>,
  39 which collects statistics from the battery, but it was completely
  40 broken.  I sent a few suggestions to the maintainer, but decided to
  41 write my own collector as a shell script while I waited for feedback
  42 from him.  Via
  43 <a href="http://www.ifweassume.com/2013/08/the-de-evolution-of-my-laptop-battery.html">a
  44 blog post about the battery development on a MacBook Air</a> I also
  45 discovered
  46 <a href="https://github.com/jradavenport/batlog.git">batlog</a>, not
  47 available in Debian.</p>
  48
  49 <p>I started my collector 2013-07-15, and it has been collecting
  50 battery stats ever since. Now my
  51 /var/log/hjemmenett-battery-status.log file contain around 115,000
  52 measurements, from the time the battery was working great until now,
  53 when it is unable to charge above 7% of original capacity.  My
  54 collector shell script is quite simple and look like this:</p>
  55
  56 <pre>
  57 #!/bin/sh
  58 # Inspired by
  59 # http://www.ifweassume.com/2013/08/the-de-evolution-of-my-laptop-battery.html
  60 # See also
  61 # http://blog.sleeplessbeastie.eu/2013/01/02/debian-how-to-monitor-battery-capacity/
  62 logfile=/var/log/hjemmenett-battery-status.log
  63
  64 files="manufacturer model_name technology serial_number \
  65     energy_full energy_full_design energy_now cycle_count status"
  66
  67 if [ ! -e "$logfile" ] ; then
  68     (
  69         printf "timestamp,"
  70         for f in $files; do
  71             printf "%s," $f
  72         done
  73         echo
  74     ) > "$logfile"
  75 fi
  76
  77 log_battery() {
  78     # Print complete message in one echo call, to avoid race condition
  79     # when several log processes run in parallel.
  80     msg=$(printf "%s," $(date +%s); \
  81         for f in $files; do \
  82             printf "%s," $(cat $f); \
  83         done)
  84     echo "$msg"
  85 }
  86
  87 cd /sys/class/power_supply
  88
  89 for bat in BAT*; do
  90     (cd $bat && log_battery >> "$logfile")
  91 done
  92 </pre>
  93
  94 <p>The script is called when the power management system detect a
  95 change in the power status (power plug in or out), and when going into
  96 and out of hibernation and suspend.  In addition, it collect a value
  97 every 10 minutes.  This make it possible for me know when the battery
  98 is discharging, charging and how the maximum charge change over time.
  99 The code for the Debian package
 100 <a href="https://github.com/petterreinholdtsen/battery-status">is now
 101 available on github</a>.</p>
 102
 103 <p>The collected log file look like this:</p>
 104
 105 <pre>
 106 timestamp,manufacturer,model_name,technology,serial_number,energy_full,energy_full_design,energy_now,cycle_count,status,
 107 1376591133,LGC,45N1025,Li-ion,974,62800000,62160000,39050000,0,Discharging,
 108 [...]
 109 1443090528,LGC,45N1025,Li-ion,974,4900000,62160000,4900000,0,Full,
 110 1443090601,LGC,45N1025,Li-ion,974,4900000,62160000,4900000,0,Full,
 111 </pre>
 112
 113 <p>I wrote a small script to create a graph of the charge development
 114 over time.  This graph depicted above show the slow death of my laptop
 115 battery.</p>
 116
 117 <p>But why is this happening?  Why are my laptop batteries always
 118 dying in a year or two, while the batteries of space probes and
 119 satellites keep working year after year.  If we are to believe
 120 <a href="http://batteryuniversity.com/learn/article/how_to_prolong_lithium_based_batteries">Battery
 121 University</a>, the cause is me charging the battery whenever I have a
 122 chance, and the fix is to not charge the Lithium-ion batteries to 100%
 123 all the time, but to stay below 90% of full charge most of the time.
 124 I've been told that the Tesla electric cars
 125 <a href="http://my.teslamotors.com/de_CH/forum/forums/battery-charge-limit">limit
 126 the charge of their batteries to 80%</a>, with the option to charge to
 127 100% when preparing for a longer trip (not that I would want a car
 128 like Tesla where rights to privacy is abandoned, but that is another
 129 story), which I guess is the option we should have for laptops on
 130 Linux too.</p>
 131
 132 <p>Is there a good and generic way with Linux to tell the battery to
 133 stop charging at 80%, unless requested to charge to 100% once in
 134 preparation for a longer trip?  I found
 135 <a href="http://askubuntu.com/questions/34452/how-can-i-limit-battery-charging-to-80-capacity">one
 136 recipe on askubuntu for Ubuntu to limit charging on Thinkpad to
 137 80%</a>, but could not get it to work (kernel module refused to
 138 load).</p>
 139
 140 <p>I wonder why the battery capacity was reported to be more than 100%
 141 at the start.  I also wonder why the "full capacity" increases some
 142 times, and if it is possible to repeat the process to get the battery
 143 back to design capacity.  And I wonder if the discharge and charge
 144 speed change over time, or if this stay the same.  I did not yet try
 145 to write a tool to calculate the derivative values of the battery
 146 level, but suspect some interesting insights might be learned from
 147 those.</p>
 148
 149 <p>Update 2015-09-24: I got a tip to install the packages
 150 acpi-call-dkms and tlp (unfortunately missing in Debian stable)
 151 packages instead of the tp-smapi-dkms package I had tried to use
 152 initially, and use 'tlp setcharge 40 80' to change when charging start
 153 and stop.  I've done so now, but expect my existing battery is toast
 154 and need to be replaced.  The proposal is unfortunately Thinkpad
 155 specific.</p>
 156 </div>
 157       <div class="tags">
 158
 159
 160         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
 161
 162
 163       </div>
 164     </div>
 165     <div class="padding"></div>
 166
 167     <div class="entry">
 168       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Book_cover_for_the_Free_Culture_book_finally_done.html">Book cover for the Free Culture book finally done</a></div>
 169       <div class="date"> 3rd September 2015</div>
 170       <div class="body"><p>Creating a good looking book cover proved harder than I expected.
 171 I wanted to create a cover looking similar to the original cover of
 172 the
 173 <a href="https://github.com/petterreinholdtsen/free-culture-lessig">Free
 174 Culture</a> book we are translating to Norwegian, and I wanted it in
 175 vector format for high resolution printing.  But my inkscape knowledge
 176 were not nearly good enough to pull that off.
 177
 178 <p>But thanks to the great inkscape community, I was able to wrap up
 179 the cover yesterday evening.  I asked on the
 180 <a href="irc://irc.freenode.net/%23inkscape">#inkscape IRC channel</a>
 181 on Freenode for help and clues, and Marc Jeanmougin (Mc-) volunteered
 182 to try to recreate it based on the PDF of the cover from the HTML
 183 version.  Not only did he create a
 184 <a href="https://marc.jeanmougin.fr/share/copy1.svg ">SVG document with
 185 the original and his vector version side by side</a>, he even provided
 186 an <a href="https://marc.jeanmougin.fr/share/out-1.ogv">instruction
 187 video</a> explaining how he did it</a>.  But the instruction video is
 188 not easy to follow for an untrained inkscape user. The video is a
 189 recording on how he did it, and he is obviously very experienced as
 190 the menu selections are very quick and he mentioned on IRC that he did
 191 use some keyboard shortcuts that can't be seen on the video, but it
 192 give a good idea about the inkscape operations to use to create the
 193 stripes with the embossed copyright sign in the center.</p>
 194
 195 <p>I took his SVG file, copied the vector image and re-sized it to fit
 196 on the cover I was drawing.  I am happy with the end result, and the
 197 current english version look like this:</p>
 198
 199 <img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2015-09-03-free-culture-cover.png" width="70%" align="center"/>
 200
 201 <p>I am not quite sure about the text on the back, but guess it will
 202 do.  I picked three quotes from the official site for the book, and
 203 hope it will work to trigger the interest of potential readers.  The
 204 Norwegian cover will look the same, but with the texts and bar code
 205 replaced with the Norwegian version.</p>
 206
 207 <p>The book is very close to being ready for publication, and I expect
 208 to upload the final draft to Lulu in the next few days and order a
 209 final proof reading copy to verify that everything look like it should
 210 before allowing everyone to order their own copy of Free Culture, in
 211 English or Norwegian Bokmål.  I'm waiting to give the the productive
 212 proof readers a chance to complete their work.</p>
 213 </div>
 214       <div class="tags">
 215
 216
 217         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/docbook">docbook</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/freeculture">freeculture</a>.
 218
 219
 220       </div>
 221     </div>
 222     <div class="padding"></div>
 223
 224     <div class="entry">
 225       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/In_my_hand__a_pocket_book_edition_of_the_Norwegian_Free_Culture_book_.html">In my hand, a pocket book edition of the Norwegian Free Culture book!</a></div>
 226       <div class="date">19th August 2015</div>
 227       <div class="body"><p>Today, finally, my first printed draft edition of the Norwegian
 228 translation of Free Culture I have been working on for the last few
 229 years arrived in the mail.  I had to fake a cover to get the interior
 230 printed, and the exterior of the book look awful, but that is
 231 irrelevant at this point.  I asked for a printed pocket book version
 232 to get an idea about the font sizes and paper format as well as how
 233 good the figures and images look in print, but also to test what the
 234 pocket book version would look like.  After receiving the 500 page
 235 pocket book, it became obvious to me that that pocket book size is too
 236 small for this book.  I believe the book is too thick, and several
 237 tables and figures do not look good in the size they get with that
 238 small page sizes.  I believe I will go with the 5.5x8.5 inch size
 239 instead.  A surprise discovery from the paper version was how bad the
 240 URLs look in print.  They are very hard to read in the colophon page.
 241 The URLs are red in the PDF, but light gray on paper.  I need to
 242 change the color of links somehow to look better.  But there is a
 243 printed book in my hand, and it feels great. :)</p>
 244
 245 <p>Now I only need to fix the cover, wrap up the postscript with the
 246 store behind the book, and collect the last corrections from the proof
 247 readers before the book is ready for proper printing.  Cover artists
 248 willing to work for free and create a Creative Commons licensed vector
 249 file looking similar to the original is most welcome, as my skills as
 250 a graphics designer are mostly missing.</p>
 251 </div>
 252       <div class="tags">
 253
 254
 255         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/docbook">docbook</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/freeculture">freeculture</a>.
 256
 257
 258       </div>
 259     </div>
 260     <div class="padding"></div>
 261
 262     <div class="entry">
 263       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/First_paper_version_of_the_Norwegian_Free_Culture_book_heading_my_way.html">First paper version of the Norwegian Free Culture book heading my way</a></div>
 264       <div class="date"> 9th August 2015</div>
 265       <div class="body"><p>Typesetting a book is harder than I hoped.  As the translation is
 266 mostly done, and a volunteer proof reader was going to check the text
 267 on paper, it was time this summer to focus on formatting my translated
 268 <a href="http://www.docbook.org/">docbook</a> based version of the
 269 <a href="http://free-culture.cc/">Free Culture</a> book by Lawrence
 270 Lessig.  I've been trying to get both docboox-xsl+fop and dblatex to
 271 give me a good looking PDF, but in the end I went with dblatex, because
 272 its Debian maintainer and upstream developer were responsive and very
 273 helpful in solving my formatting challenges.</p>
 274
 275 <p>Last night, I finally managed to create a PDF that no longer made
 276 <a href="http://www.lulu.com/">Lulu.com</a> complain after uploading,
 277 and I ordered a text version of the book on paper.  It is lacking a
 278 proper book cover and is not tagged with the correct ISBN number, but
 279 should give me an idea what the finished book will look like.</p>
 280
 281 <p>Instead of using Lulu, I did consider printing the book using
 282 <a href="http://www.createspace.com/">CreateSpace</a>, but ended up
 283 using Lulu because it had smaller book size options (CreateSpace seem
 284 to lack pocket book with extended distribution).  I looked for a
 285 similar service in Norway, but have not seen anything so far.  Please
 286 let me know if I am missing out on something here.</p>
 287
 288 <p>But I still struggle to decide the book size.  Should I go for
 289 pocket book (4.25x6.875 inches / 10.8x17.5 cm) with 556 pages, Digest
 290 (5.5x8.5 inches / 14x21.6 cm) with 323 pages or US Trade (6x8 inches /
 291 15.3x22.9 cm) with 280 pages?  Fewer pager give a cheaper book, and a
 292 smaller book is easier to carry around.  The test book I ordered was
 293 pocket book sized, to give me an idea how well that fit in my hand,
 294 but I suspect I will end up using a digest sized book in the end to
 295 bring the prize down further.</p>
 296
 297 <p>My biggest challenge at the moment is making nice cover art.  My
 298 inkscape skills are not yet up to the task of replicating the original
 299 cover in SVG format.  I also need to figure out what to write about
 300 the book on the back (will most likely use the same text as the
 301 description on web based book stores).  I would love help with this,
 302 if you are willing to license the art source and final version using
 303 the same CC license as the book.  My artistic skills are not really up
 304 to the task.</p>
 305
 306 <p>I plan to publish the book in both English and Norwegian and on
 307 paper, in PDF form as well as EPUB and MOBI format.  The current
 308 status can as usual be found on
 309 <a href="https://github.com/petterreinholdtsen/free-culture-lessig">github</a>
 310 in the archive/ directory.  So far I have spent all time on making the
 311 PDF version look good.  Someone should probably do the same with the
 312 dbtoepub generated e-book.  Help is definitely needed here, as I
 313 expect to run out of steem before I find time to improve the epub
 314 formatting.</p>
 315
 316 <p>Please let me know via github if you find typos in the book or
 317 discover translations that should be improved.  The final proof
 318 reading is being done right now, and I expect to publish the finished
 319 result in a few months.</p>
 320 </div>
 321       <div class="tags">
 322
 323
 324         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/docbook">docbook</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/freeculture">freeculture</a>.
 325
 326
 327       </div>
 328     </div>
 329     <div class="padding"></div>
 330
 331     <div class="entry">
 332       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Typesetting_DocBook_footnotes_as_endnotes_with_dblatex.html">Typesetting DocBook footnotes as endnotes with dblatex</a></div>
 333       <div class="date">16th July 2015</div>
 334       <div class="body"><p>I'm still working on the Norwegian version of the
 335 <a href="http://free-culture.cc/">Free Culture book by Lawrence
 336 Lessig</a>, and is now working on the final typesetting and layout.
 337 One of the features I want to get the structure similar to the
 338 original book is to typeset the footnotes as endnotes in the notes
 339 chapter.  Based on the
 340 <a href="https://bugs.debian.org/685063">feedback from the Debian
 341 maintainer and the dblatex developer</a>, I came up with this recipe I
 342 would like to share with you.  The proposal was to create a new LaTeX
 343 class file and add the LaTeX code there, but this is not always
 344 practical, when I want to be able to replace the class using a make
 345 file variable.  So my proposal misuses the latex.begindocument XSL
 346 parameter value, to get a small fragment into the correct location in
 347 the generated LaTeX File.</p>
 348
 349 <p>First, decide where in the DocBook document to place the endnotes,
 350 and add this text there:</p>
 351
 352 <pre>
 353 &lt;?latex \theendnotes ?&gt;
 354 </pre>
 355
 356 <p>Next, create a xsl stylesheet file dblatex-endnotes.xsl to add the
 357 code needed to add the endnote instructions in the preamble of the
 358 generated LaTeX document, with content like this:</p>
 359
 360 <pre>
 361 &lt;?xml version='1.0'?&gt;
 362 &lt;xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" version='1.0'&gt;
 363   &lt;xsl:param name="latex.begindocument"&gt;
 364     &lt;xsl:text&gt;
 365 \usepackage{endnotes}
 366 \let\footnote=\endnote
 367 \def\enoteheading{\mbox{}\par\vskip-\baselineskip }
 368 \begin{document}
 369     &lt;/xsl:text&gt;
 370   &lt;/xsl:param&gt;
 371 &lt;/xsl:stylesheet&gt;
 372 </pre>
 373
 374 <p>Finally, load this xsl file when running dblatex, for example like
 375 this:</p>
 376
 377 <pre>
 378 dblatex --xsl-user=dblatex-endnotes.xsl freeculture.nb.xml
 379 </pre>
 380
 381 <p>The end result can be seen on github, where
 382 <a href="https://github.com/petterreinholdtsen/free-culture-lessig">my
 383 book project</a> is located.</p>
 384 </div>
 385       <div class="tags">
 386
 387
 388         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/docbook">docbook</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/freeculture">freeculture</a>.
 389
 390
 391       </div>
 392     </div>
 393     <div class="padding"></div>
 394
 395     <div class="entry">
 396       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Mimes_br_nn__norsk_utgave_av_Alaveteli___WhatDoTheyKnow__endelig_lansert.html">Mimes brønn, norsk utgave av Alaveteli / WhatDoTheyKnow, endelig lansert</a></div>
 397       <div class="date"> 9th July 2015</div>
 398       <div class="body"><p>I går fikk vi endelig lansert en norsk version av mySocietys
 399 <a href="https://www.whatdotheyknow.com/">WhatDoTheyKnow</a>.
 400 Tjenesten heter Mimes brønn, og ble
 401 <a href="http://www.nuug.no/news/NUUG_lanserer_innsynstjenesten_Mimes_Br_nn.shtml">annonsert
 402 av NUUG</a> via blogg, epost og twitter til NUUG-assosierte personer.
 403 Det har tatt noen år, men de siste dagene fikk vi endelig tid til å få
 404 på plass de siste bitene.  Vi er to, Gorm og meg selv, som har vært
 405 primus motor for det hele, men vi har fått hjelp med oversettelser og
 406 oppsett fra mange flere.  Jeg vil si tusen takk til hver og en av dem,
 407 og er veldig fornøyd med at vi klarte å få tjenesten opp å kjøre før
 408 ferietiden slo inn for fullt.</p>
 409
 410 <p>Vi er usikker på hvor mye belastning den virtuelle maskinen der
 411 tjenesten kjører klarer, så vi har lansert litt i det stille og ikke
 412 til for mange folk for å se hvordan maskinen klarer seg over sommeren,
 413 før vi går mer aktivt ut og annonserer til høsten.  Ta en titt, og se
 414 om du kanskje har et spørsmål til det offentlige som er egnet å sende
 415 inn via Mimes brønn.</p>
 416
 417 <p>Hvis du lurer på hva i alle dager en slik tjenestes kan brukes til,
 418 anbefaler jeg deg å se
 419 <a href="http://beta.frikanalen.no/video/625321">TED-foredraget til
 420 Heather Brook</a> om hvordan hun brukte WhatDoTheyKnow til å lære
 421 hvordan offentlige midler ble misbrukt.  Det er en inspirerende
 422 historie.</p>
 423 </div>
 424       <div class="tags">
 425
 426
 427         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/norsk">norsk</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/nuug">nuug</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/offentlig innsyn">offentlig innsyn</a>.
 428
 429
 430       </div>
 431     </div>
 432     <div class="padding"></div>
 433
 434     <div class="entry">
 435       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/MPEG_LA_on__Internet_Broadcast_AVC_Video__licensing_and_non_private_use.html">MPEG LA on "Internet Broadcast AVC Video" licensing and non-private use</a></div>
 436       <div class="date"> 7th July 2015</div>
 437       <div class="body"><p>After asking the Norwegian Broadcasting Company (NRK)
 438 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Hva_gj_r_at_NRK_kan_distribuere_H_264_video_uten_patentavtale_med_MPEG_LA_.html">why
 439 they can broadcast and stream H.264 video without an agreement with
 440 the MPEG LA</a>, I was wiser, but still confused.  So I asked MPEG LA
 441 if their understanding matched that of NRK.  As far as I can tell, it
 442 does not.</p>
 443
 444 <p>I started by asking for more information about the various
 445 licensing classes and what exactly is covered by the "Internet
 446 Broadcast AVC Video" class that NRK pointed me at to explain why NRK
 447 did not need a license for streaming H.264 video:
 448
 449 <p><blockquote>
 450
 451 <p>According to
 452 <a href="http://www.mpegla.com/Lists/MPEG%20LA%20News%20List/Attachments/226/n-10-02-02.pdf">a
 453 MPEG LA press release dated 2010-02-02</a>, there is no charge when
 454 using MPEG AVC/H.264 according to the terms of "Internet Broadcast AVC
 455 Video".  I am trying to understand exactly what the terms of "Internet
 456 Broadcast AVC Video" is, and wondered if you could help me.  What
 457 exactly is covered by these terms, and what is not?</p>
 458
 459 <p>The only source of more information I have been able to find is a
 460 PDF named
 461 <a href="http://www.mpegla.com/main/programs/avc/Documents/avcweb.pdf">AVC
 462 Patent Portfolio License Briefing</a>, which states this about the
 463 fees:</p>
 464
 465 <ul>
 466  <li>Where End User pays for AVC Video
 467   <ul>
 468    <li>Subscription (not limited by title) – 100,000 or fewer
 469      subscribers/yr = no royalty; &gt; 100,000 to 250,000 subscribers/yr =
 470      $25,000; &gt;250,000 to 500,000 subscribers/yr = $50,000; &gt;500,000 to
 471      1M subscribers/yr = $75,000; &gt;1M subscribers/yr = $100,000</li>
 472
 473    <li>Title-by-Title - 12 minutes or less = no royalty; &gt;12 minutes in
 474      length = lower of (a) 2% or (b) $0.02 per title</li>
 475   </ul></li>
 476
 477  <li>Where remuneration is from other sources
 478   <ul>
 479    <li>Free Television - (a) one-time $2,500 per transmission encoder or
 480      (b) annual fee starting at $2,500 for &gt; 100,000 HH rising to
 481      maximum $10,000 for &gt;1,000,000 HH</li>
 482
 483    <li>Internet Broadcast AVC Video (not title-by-title, not subscription)
 484      – no royalty for life of the AVC Patent Portfolio License</li>
 485   </ul></li>
 486 </ul>
 487
 488 <p>Am I correct in assuming that the four categories listed is the
 489 categories used when selecting licensing terms, and that "Internet
 490 Broadcast AVC Video" is the category for things that do not fall into
 491 one of the other three categories?  Can you point me to a good source
 492 explaining what is ment by "title-by-title" and "Free Television" in
 493 the license terms for AVC/H.264?</p>
 494
 495 <p>Will a web service providing H.264 encoded video content in a
 496 "video on demand" fashing similar to Youtube and Vimeo, where no
 497 subscription is required and no payment is required from end users to
 498 get access to the videos, fall under the terms of the "Internet
 499 Broadcast AVC Video", ie no royalty for life of the AVC Patent
 500 Portfolio license?  Does it matter if some users are subscribed to get
 501 access to personalized services?</p>
 502
 503 <p>Note, this request and all answers will be published on the
 504 Internet.</p>
 505 </blockquote></p>
 506
 507 <p>The answer came quickly from Benjamin J. Myers, Licensing Associate
 508 with the MPEG LA:</p>
 509
 510 <p><blockquote>
 511 <p>Thank you for your message and for your interest in MPEG LA.  We
 512 appreciate hearing from you and I will be happy to assist you.</p>
 513
 514 <p>As you are aware, MPEG LA offers our AVC Patent Portfolio License
 515 which provides coverage under patents that are essential for use of
 516 the AVC/H.264 Standard (MPEG-4 Part 10).  Specifically, coverage is
 517 provided for end products and video content that make use of AVC/H.264
 518 technology.  Accordingly, the party offering such end products and
 519 video to End Users concludes the AVC License and is responsible for
 520 paying the applicable royalties.</p>
 521
 522 <p>Regarding Internet Broadcast AVC Video, the AVC License generally
 523 defines such content to be video that is distributed to End Users over
 524 the Internet free-of-charge.  Therefore, if a party offers a service
 525 which allows users to upload AVC/H.264 video to its website, and such
 526 AVC Video is delivered to End Users for free, then such video would
 527 receive coverage under the sublicense for Internet Broadcast AVC
 528 Video, which is not subject to any royalties for the life of the AVC
 529 License.  This would also apply in the scenario where a user creates a
 530 free online account in order to receive a customized offering of free
 531 AVC Video content.  In other words, as long as the End User is given
 532 access to or views AVC Video content at no cost to the End User, then
 533 no royalties would be payable under our AVC License.</p>
 534
 535 <p>On the other hand, if End Users pay for access to AVC Video for a
 536 specific period of time (e.g., one month, one year, etc.), then such
 537 video would constitute Subscription AVC Video.  In cases where AVC
 538 Video is delivered to End Users on a pay-per-view basis, then such
 539 content would constitute Title-by-Title AVC Video.  If a party offers
 540 Subscription or Title-by-Title AVC Video to End Users, then they would
 541 be responsible for paying the applicable royalties you noted below.</p>
 542
 543 <p>Finally, in the case where AVC Video is distributed for free
 544 through an "over-the-air, satellite and/or cable transmission", then
 545 such content would constitute Free Television AVC Video and would be
 546 subject to the applicable royalties.</p>
 547
 548 <p>For your reference, I have attached
 549 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2015-07-07-mpegla.pdf">a
 550 .pdf copy of the AVC License</a>. You will find the relevant
 551 sublicense information regarding AVC Video in Sections 2.2 through
 552 2.5, and the corresponding royalties in Section 3.1.2 through 3.1.4.
 553 You will also find the definitions of Title-by-Title AVC Video,
 554 Subscription AVC Video, Free Television AVC Video, and Internet
 555 Broadcast AVC Video in Section 1 of the License.  Please note that the
 556 electronic copy is provided for informational purposes only and cannot
 557 be used for execution.</p>
 558
 559 <p>I hope the above information is helpful.  If you have additional
 560 questions or need further assistance with the AVC License, please feel
 561 free to contact me directly.</p>
 562 </blockquote></p>
 563
 564 <p>Having a fresh copy of the license text was useful, and knowing
 565 that the definition of Title-by-Title required payment per title made
 566 me aware that my earlier understanding of that phrase had been wrong.
 567 But I still had a few questions:</p>
 568
 569 <p><blockquote>
 570 <p>I have a small followup question.  Would it be possible for me to get
 571 a license with MPEG LA even if there are no royalties to be paid?  The
 572 reason I ask, is that some video related products have a copyright
 573 clause limiting their use without a license with MPEG LA.  The clauses
 574 typically look similar to this:
 575
 576 <p><blockquote>
 577   This product is licensed under the AVC patent portfolio license for
 578   the personal and non-commercial use of a consumer to (a) encode
 579   video in compliance with the AVC standard ("AVC video") and/or (b)
 580   decode AVC video that was encoded by a consumer engaged in a
 581   personal and non-commercial activity and/or AVC video that was
 582   obtained from a video provider licensed to provide AVC video. No
 583   license is granted or shall be implied for any other use. additional
 584   information may be obtained from MPEG LA L.L.C.
 585 </blockquote></p>
 586
 587 <p>It is unclear to me if this clause mean that I need to enter into
 588 an agreement with MPEG LA to use the product in question, even if
 589 there are no royalties to be paid to MPEG LA.  I suspect it will
 590 differ depending on the jurisdiction, and mine is Norway.  What is
 591 MPEG LAs view on this?</p>
 592 </blockquote></p>
 593
 594 <p>According to the answer, MPEG LA believe those using such tools for
 595 non-personal or commercial use need a license with them:</p>
 596
 597 <p><blockquote>
 598
 599 <p>With regard to the Notice to Customers, I would like to begin by
 600 clarifying that the Notice from Section 7.1 of the AVC License
 601 reads:</p>
 602
 603 <p>THIS PRODUCT IS LICENSED UNDER THE AVC PATENT PORTFOLIO LICENSE FOR
 604 THE PERSONAL USE OF A CONSUMER OR OTHER USES IN WHICH IT DOES NOT
 605 RECEIVE REMUNERATION TO (i) ENCODE VIDEO IN COMPLIANCE WITH THE AVC
 606 STANDARD ("AVC VIDEO") AND/OR (ii) DECODE AVC VIDEO THAT WAS ENCODED
 607 BY A CONSUMER ENGAGED IN A PERSONAL ACTIVITY AND/OR WAS OBTAINED FROM
 608 A VIDEO PROVIDER LICENSED TO PROVIDE AVC VIDEO. NO LICENSE IS GRANTED
 609 OR SHALL BE IMPLIED FOR ANY OTHER USE. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION MAY BE
 610 OBTAINED FROM MPEG LA, L.L.C. SEE HTTP://WWW.MPEGLA.COM</p>
 611
 612 <p>The Notice to Customers is intended to inform End Users of the
 613 personal usage rights (for example, to watch video content) included
 614 with the product they purchased, and to encourage any party using the
 615 product for commercial purposes to contact MPEG LA in order to become
 616 licensed for such use (for example, when they use an AVC Product to
 617 deliver Title-by-Title, Subscription, Free Television or Internet
 618 Broadcast AVC Video to End Users, or to re-Sell a third party's AVC
 619 Product as their own branded AVC Product).</p>
 620
 621 <p>Therefore, if a party is to be licensed for its use of an AVC
 622 Product to Sell AVC Video on a Title-by-Title, Subscription, Free
 623 Television or Internet Broadcast basis, that party would need to
 624 conclude the AVC License, even in the case where no royalties were
 625 payable under the License.  On the other hand, if that party (either a
 626 Consumer or business customer) simply uses an AVC Product for their
 627 own internal purposes and not for the commercial purposes referenced
 628 above, then such use would be included in the royalty paid for the AVC
 629 Products by the licensed supplier.</p>
 630
 631 <p>Finally, I note that our AVC License provides worldwide coverage in
 632 countries that have AVC Patent Portfolio Patents, including
 633 Norway.</p>
 634
 635 <p>I hope this clarification is helpful.  If I may be of any further
 636 assistance, just let me know.</p>
 637 </blockquote></p>
 638
 639 <p>The mentioning of Norwegian patents made me a bit confused, so I
 640 asked for more information:</p>
 641
 642 <p><blockquote>
 643
 644 <p>But one minor question at the end.  If I understand you correctly,
 645 you state in the quote above that there are patents in the AVC Patent
 646 Portfolio that are valid in Norway.  This make me believe I read the
 647 list available from &lt;URL:
 648 <a href="http://www.mpegla.com/main/programs/AVC/Pages/PatentList.aspx">http://www.mpegla.com/main/programs/AVC/Pages/PatentList.aspx</a>
 649 &gt; incorrectly, as I believed the "NO" prefix in front of patents
 650 were Norwegian patents, and the only one I could find under Mitsubishi
 651 Electric Corporation expired in 2012.  Which patents are you referring
 652 to that are relevant for Norway?</p>
 653
 654 </blockquote></p>
 655
 656 <p>Again, the quick answer explained how to read the list of patents
 657 in that list:</p>
 658
 659 <p><blockquote>
 660
 661 <p>Your understanding is correct that the last AVC Patent Portfolio
 662 Patent in Norway expired on 21 October 2012.  Therefore, where AVC
 663 Video is both made and Sold in Norway after that date, then no
 664 royalties would be payable for such AVC Video under the AVC License.
 665 With that said, our AVC License provides historic coverage for AVC
 666 Products and AVC Video that may have been manufactured or Sold before
 667 the last Norwegian AVC patent expired.  I would also like to clarify
 668 that coverage is provided for the country of manufacture and the
 669 country of Sale that has active AVC Patent Portfolio Patents.</p>
 670
 671 <p>Therefore, if a party offers AVC Products or AVC Video for Sale in
 672 a country with active AVC Patent Portfolio Patents (for example,
 673 Sweden, Denmark, Finland, etc.), then that party would still need
 674 coverage under the AVC License even if such products or video are
 675 initially made in a country without active AVC Patent Portfolio
 676 Patents (for example, Norway).  Similarly, a party would need to
 677 conclude the AVC License if they make AVC Products or AVC Video in a
 678 country with active AVC Patent Portfolio Patents, but eventually Sell
 679 such AVC Products or AVC Video in a country without active AVC Patent
 680 Portfolio Patents.</p>
 681 </blockquote></p>
 682
 683 <p>As far as I understand it, MPEG LA believe anyone using Adobe
 684 Premiere and other video related software with a H.264 distribution
 685 license need a license agreement with MPEG LA to use such tools for
 686 anything non-private or commercial, while it is OK to set up a
 687 Youtube-like service as long as no-one pays to get access to the
 688 content.  I still have no clear idea how this applies to Norway, where
 689 none of the patents MPEG LA is licensing are valid.  Will the
 690 copyright terms take precedence or can those terms be ignored because
 691 the patents are not valid in Norway?</p>
 692 </div>
 693       <div class="tags">
 694
 695
 696         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/h264">h264</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/multimedia">multimedia</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/opphavsrett">opphavsrett</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/standard">standard</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/video">video</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/web">web</a>.
 697
 698
 699       </div>
 700     </div>
 701     <div class="padding"></div>
 702
 703     <div class="entry">
 704       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/New_laptop___some_more_clues_and_ideas_based_on_feedback.html">New laptop - some more clues and ideas based on feedback</a></div>
 705       <div class="date"> 5th July 2015</div>
 706       <div class="body"><p>Several people contacted me after my previous blog post about my
 707 need for a new laptop, and provided very useful feedback.  I wish to
 708 thank every one of these.  Several pointed me to the possibility of
 709 fixing my X230, and I am already in the process of getting Lenovo to
 710 do so thanks to the on site, next day support contract covering the
 711 machine.  But the battery is almost useless (I expect to replace it
 712 with a non-official battery) and I do not expect the machine to live
 713 for many more years, so it is time to plan its replacement.  If I did
 714 not have a support contract, it was suggested to find replacement parts
 715 using <a href="http://www.francecrans.com/">FrancEcrans</a>, but it
 716 might present a language barrier as I do not understand French.</p>
 717
 718 <p>One tip I got was to use the
 719 <a href="https://skinflint.co.uk/?cat=nb">Skinflint</a> web service to
 720 compare laptop models.  It seem to have more models available than
 721 prisjakt.no.  Another tip I got from someone I know have similar
 722 keyboard preferences was that the HP EliteBook 840 keyboard is not
 723 very good, and this matches my experience with earlier EliteBook
 724 keyboards I tested.  Because of this, I will not consider it any further.
 725
 726 <p>When I wrote my blog post, I was not aware of Thinkpad X250, the
 727 newest Thinkpad X model.  The keyboard reintroduces mouse buttons
 728 (which is missing from the X240), and is working fairly well with
 729 Debian Sid/Unstable according to
 730 <a href="http://www.corsac.net/X250/">Corsac.net</a>.  The reports I
 731 got on the keyboard quality are not consistent.  Some say the keyboard
 732 is good, others say it is ok, while others say it is not very good.
 733 Those with experience from X41 and and X60 agree that the X250
 734 keyboard is not as good as those trusty old laptops, and suggest I
 735 keep and fix my X230 instead of upgrading, or get a used X230 to
 736 replace it.  I'm also told that the X250 lack leds for caps lock, disk
 737 activity and battery status, which is very convenient on my X230.  I'm
 738 also told that the CPU fan is running very often, making it a bit
 739 noisy.  In any case, the X250 do not work out of the box with Debian
 740 Stable/Jessie, one of my requirements.</p>
 741
 742 <p>I have also gotten a few vendor proposals, one was
 743 <a href="http://pro-star.com">Pro-Star</a>, another was
 744 <a href="http://shop.gluglug.org.uk/product/libreboot-x200/">Libreboot</a>.
 745 The latter look very attractive to me.</p>
 746
 747 <p>Again, thank you all for the very useful feedback.  It help a lot
 748 as I keep looking for a replacement.</p>
 749
 750 <p>Update 2015-07-06: I was recommended to check out the
 751 <a href="">lapstore.de</a> web shop for used laptops.  They got several
 752 different
 753 <a href="http://www.lapstore.de/f.php/shop/lapstore/f/411/lang/x/kw/Lenovo_ThinkPad_X_Serie/">old
 754 thinkpad X models</a>, and provide one year warranty.</p>
 755 </div>
 756       <div class="tags">
 757
 758
 759         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
 760
 761
 762       </div>
 763     </div>
 764     <div class="padding"></div>
 765
 766     <div class="entry">
 767       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Time_to_find_a_new_laptop__as_the_old_one_is_broken_after_only_two_years.html">Time to find a new laptop, as the old one is broken after only two years</a></div>
 768       <div class="date"> 3rd July 2015</div>
 769       <div class="body"><p>My primary work horse laptop is failing, and will need a
 770 replacement soon.  The left 5 cm of the screen on my Thinkpad X230
 771 started flickering yesterday, and I suspect the cause is a broken
 772 cable, as changing the angle of the screen some times get rid of the
 773 flickering.</p>
 774
 775 <p>My requirements have not really changed since I bought it, and is
 776 still as
 777 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Thank_you_Thinkpad_X41__for_your_long_and_trustworthy_service.html">I
 778 described them in 2013</a>.  The last time I bought a laptop, I had
 779 good help from
 780 <a href="http://www.prisjakt.no/category.php?k=353">prisjakt.no</a>
 781 where I could select at least a few of the requirements (mouse pin,
 782 wifi, weight) and go through the rest manually.  Three button mouse
 783 and a good keyboard is not available as an option, and all the three
 784 laptop models proposed today (Thinkpad X240, HP EliteBook 820 G1 and
 785 G2) lack three mouse buttons).  It is also unclear to me how good the
 786 keyboard on the HP EliteBooks are.  I hope Lenovo have not messed up
 787 the keyboard, even if the quality and robustness in the X series have
 788 deteriorated since X41.</p>
 789
 790 <p>I wonder how I can find a sensible laptop when none of the options
 791 seem sensible to me?  Are there better services around to search the
 792 set of available laptops for features?  Please send me an email if you
 793 have suggestions.</p>
 794
 795 <p>Update 2015-07-23: I got a suggestion to check out the FSF
 796 <a href="http://www.fsf.org/resources/hw/endorsement/respects-your-freedom">list
 797 of endorsed hardware</a>, which is useful background information.</p>
 798 </div>
 799       <div class="tags">
 800
 801
 802         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
 803
 804
 805       </div>
 806     </div>
 807     <div class="padding"></div>
 808
 809     <div class="entry">
 810       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/MakerCon_Nordic_videos_now_available_on_Frikanalen.html">MakerCon Nordic videos now available on Frikanalen</a></div>
 811       <div class="date"> 2nd July 2015</div>
 812       <div class="body"><p>Last oktober I was involved on behalf of
 813 <a href="http://www.nuug.no/">NUUG</a> with recording the talks at
 814 <a href="http://www.makercon.no/">MakerCon Nordic</a>, a conference for
 815 the Maker movement.  Since then it has been the plan to publish the
 816 recordings on <a href="http://www.frikanalen.no/">Frikanalen</a>, which
 817 finally happened the last few days.  A few talks are missing because
 818 the speakers asked the organizers to not publish them, but most of the
 819 talks are available.  The talks are being broadcasted on RiksTV
 820 channel 50 and using multicast on Uninett, as well as being available
 821 from the Frikanalen web site.  The unedited recordings are
 822 <a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/MakerConNordic/">available on
 823 Youtube too</a>.</p>
 824
 825 <p>This is the list of talks available at the moment.  Visit the
 826 <a href="http://beta.frikanalen.no/video/?q=makercon">Frikanalen video
 827 pages</a> to view them.</p>
 828
 829 <ul>
 830
 831   <li>Evolutionary algorithms as a design tool - from art
 832       to robotics (Kyrre Glette)</li>
 833
 834   <li>Make and break (Hans Gerhard Meier)</li>
 835
 836   <li>Making a one year school course for young makers
 837       (Olav Helland)</li>
 838
 839   <li>Innovation Inspiration - IPR Databases as a Source of
 840       Inspiration (Hege Langlo)</li>
 841
 842   <li>Making a toy for makers (Erik Torstensson)</li>
 843
 844   <li>How to make 3D printer electronics (Elias Bakken)</li>
 845
 846   <li>Hovering Clouds: Looking at online tool offerings for Product
 847       Design and 3D Printing (William Kempton)</li>
 848
 849   <li>Travelling maker stories (Øyvind Nydal Dahl)</li>
 850
 851   <li>Making the first Maker Faire in Sweden (Nils Olander)</li>
 852
 853   <li>Breaking the mold: Printing 1000’s of parts (Espen Sivertsen)</li>
 854
 855   <li>Ultimaker — and open source 3D printing (Erik de Bruijn)</li>
 856
 857   <li>Autodesk’s 3D Printing Platform: Sparking innovation (Hilde
 858       Sevens)</li>
 859
 860   <li>How Making is Changing the World – and How You Can Too!
 861       (Jennifer Turliuk)</li>
 862
 863   <li>Open-Source Adventuring: OpenROV, OpenExplorer and the Future of
 864       Connected Exploration (David Lang)</li>
 865
 866   <li>Making in Norway (Haakon Karlsen Jr., Graham Hayward and Jens
 867       Dyvik)</li>
 868
 869   <li>The Impact of the Maker Movement (Mike Senese)</li>
 870
 871 </ul>
 872
 873 <p>Part of the reason this took so long was that the scripts NUUG had
 874 to prepare a recording for publication were five years old and no
 875 longer worked with the current video processing tools (command line
 876 argument changes).  In addition, we needed better audio normalization,
 877 which sent me on a detour to
 878 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Measuring_and_adjusting_the_loudness_of_a_TV_channel_using_bs1770gain.html">package
 879 bs1770gain for Debian</a>.  Now this is in place and it became a lot
 880 easier to publish NUUG videos on Frikanalen.</p>
 881 </div>
 882       <div class="tags">
 883
 884
 885         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/frikanalen">frikanalen</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/multimedia">multimedia</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/video">video</a>.
 886
 887
 888       </div>
 889     </div>
 890     <div class="padding"></div>
 891
 892     <p style="text-align: right;"><a href="index.rss"><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/xml.gif" alt="RSS feed" width="36" height="14" /></a></p>
 893     <div id="sidebar">
 894
 895
 896
 897 <h2>Archive</h2>
 898 <ul>
 899
 900 <li>2015
 901 <ul>
 902
 903 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/01/">January (7)</a></li>
 904
 905 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/02/">February (6)</a></li>
 906
 907 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/03/">March (1)</a></li>
 908
 909 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/04/">April (4)</a></li>
 910
 911 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/05/">May (3)</a></li>
 912
 913 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/06/">June (4)</a></li>
 914
 915 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/07/">July (6)</a></li>
 916
 917 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/08/">August (2)</a></li>
 918
 919 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/09/">September (2)</a></li>
 920
 921 </ul></li>
 922
 923 <li>2014
 924 <ul>
 925
 926 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/01/">January (2)</a></li>
 927
 928 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/02/">February (3)</a></li>
 929
 930 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/03/">March (8)</a></li>
 931
 932 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/04/">April (7)</a></li>
 933
 934 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/05/">May (1)</a></li>
 935
 936 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/06/">June (2)</a></li>
 937
 938 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/07/">July (2)</a></li>
 939
 940 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/08/">August (2)</a></li>
 941
 942 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/09/">September (5)</a></li>
 943
 944 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/10/">October (6)</a></li>
 945
 946 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/11/">November (3)</a></li>
 947
 948 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/12/">December (5)</a></li>
 949
 950 </ul></li>
 951
 952 <li>2013
 953 <ul>
 954
 955 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/01/">January (11)</a></li>
 956
 957 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/02/">February (9)</a></li>
 958
 959 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/03/">March (9)</a></li>
 960
 961 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/04/">April (6)</a></li>
 962
 963 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/05/">May (9)</a></li>
 964
 965 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/06/">June (10)</a></li>
 966
 967 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/07/">July (7)</a></li>
 968
 969 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/08/">August (3)</a></li>
 970
 971 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/09/">September (5)</a></li>
 972
 973 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/10/">October (7)</a></li>
 974
 975 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/11/">November (9)</a></li>
 976
 977 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/12/">December (3)</a></li>
 978
 979 </ul></li>
 980
 981 <li>2012
 982 <ul>
 983
 984 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/01/">January (7)</a></li>
 985
 986 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/02/">February (10)</a></li>
 987
 988 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/03/">March (17)</a></li>
 989
 990 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/04/">April (12)</a></li>
 991
 992 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/05/">May (12)</a></li>
 993
 994 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/06/">June (20)</a></li>
 995
 996 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/07/">July (17)</a></li>
 997
 998 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/08/">August (6)</a></li>
 999
1000 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/09/">September (9)</a></li>
1001
1002 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/10/">October (17)</a></li>
1003
1004 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/11/">November (10)</a></li>
1005
1006 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/12/">December (7)</a></li>
1007
1008 </ul></li>
1009
1010 <li>2011
1011 <ul>
1012
1013 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/01/">January (16)</a></li>
1014
1015 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/02/">February (6)</a></li>
1016
1017 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/03/">March (6)</a></li>
1018
1019 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/04/">April (7)</a></li>
1020
1021 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/05/">May (3)</a></li>
1022
1023 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/06/">June (2)</a></li>
1024
1025 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/07/">July (7)</a></li>
1026
1027 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/08/">August (6)</a></li>
1028
1029 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/09/">September (4)</a></li>
1030
1031 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/10/">October (2)</a></li>
1032
1033 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/11/">November (3)</a></li>
1034
1035 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/12/">December (1)</a></li>
1036
1037 </ul></li>
1038
1039 <li>2010
1040 <ul>
1041
1042 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/01/">January (2)</a></li>
1043
1044 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/02/">February (1)</a></li>
1045
1046 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/03/">March (3)</a></li>
1047
1048 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/04/">April (3)</a></li>
1049
1050 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/05/">May (9)</a></li>
1051
1052 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/06/">June (14)</a></li>
1053
1054 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/07/">July (12)</a></li>
1055
1056 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/08/">August (13)</a></li>
1057
1058 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/09/">September (7)</a></li>
1059
1060 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/10/">October (9)</a></li>
1061
1062 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/11/">November (13)</a></li>
1063
1064 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/12/">December (12)</a></li>
1065
1066 </ul></li>
1067
1068 <li>2009
1069 <ul>
1070
1071 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/01/">January (8)</a></li>
1072
1073 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/02/">February (8)</a></li>
1074
1075 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/03/">March (12)</a></li>
1076
1077 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/04/">April (10)</a></li>
1078
1079 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/05/">May (9)</a></li>
1080
1081 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/06/">June (3)</a></li>
1082
1083 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/07/">July (4)</a></li>
1084
1085 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/08/">August (3)</a></li>
1086
1087 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/09/">September (1)</a></li>
1088
1089 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/10/">October (2)</a></li>
1090
1091 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/11/">November (3)</a></li>
1092
1093 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/12/">December (3)</a></li>
1094
1095 </ul></li>
1096
1097 <li>2008
1098 <ul>
1099
1100 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2008/11/">November (5)</a></li>
1101
1102 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2008/12/">December (7)</a></li>
1103
1104 </ul></li>
1105
1106 </ul>
1107
1108
1109
1110 <h2>Tags</h2>
1111 <ul>
1112
1113  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/3d-printer">3d-printer (13)</a></li>
1114
1115  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/amiga">amiga (1)</a></li>
1116
1117  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/aros">aros (1)</a></li>
1118
1119  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bankid">bankid (4)</a></li>
1120
1121  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bitcoin">bitcoin (8)</a></li>
1122
1123  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bootsystem">bootsystem (15)</a></li>
1124
1125  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bsa">bsa (2)</a></li>
1126
1127  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/chrpath">chrpath (2)</a></li>
1128
1129  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian (112)</a></li>
1130
1131  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian edu">debian edu (153)</a></li>
1132
1133  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/digistan">digistan (10)</a></li>
1134
1135  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/dld">dld (15)</a></li>
1136
1137  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/docbook">docbook (17)</a></li>
1138
1139  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/drivstoffpriser">drivstoffpriser (4)</a></li>
1140
1141  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english (288)</a></li>
1142
1143  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/fiksgatami">fiksgatami (23)</a></li>
1144
1145  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/fildeling">fildeling (12)</a></li>
1146
1147  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/freeculture">freeculture (19)</a></li>
1148
1149  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/freedombox">freedombox (9)</a></li>
1150
1151  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/frikanalen">frikanalen (16)</a></li>
1152
1153  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/h264">h264 (20)</a></li>
1154
1155  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/intervju">intervju (42)</a></li>
1156
1157  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/isenkram">isenkram (10)</a></li>
1158
1159  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/kart">kart (19)</a></li>
1160
1161  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ldap">ldap (9)</a></li>
1162
1163  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/lenker">lenker (8)</a></li>
1164
1165  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/lsdvd">lsdvd (2)</a></li>
1166
1167  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ltsp">ltsp (1)</a></li>
1168
1169  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/mesh network">mesh network (8)</a></li>
1170
1171  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/multimedia">multimedia (36)</a></li>
1172
1173  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/norsk">norsk (264)</a></li>
1174
1175  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/nuug">nuug (177)</a></li>
1176
1177  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/offentlig innsyn">offentlig innsyn (19)</a></li>
1178
1179  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/open311">open311 (2)</a></li>
1180
1181  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/opphavsrett">opphavsrett (53)</a></li>
1182
1183  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/personvern">personvern (86)</a></li>
1184
1185  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/raid">raid (1)</a></li>
1186
1187  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/reactos">reactos (1)</a></li>
1188
1189  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/reprap">reprap (11)</a></li>
1190
1191  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/rfid">rfid (3)</a></li>
1192
1193  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/robot">robot (9)</a></li>
1194
1195  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/rss">rss (1)</a></li>
1196
1197  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ruter">ruter (4)</a></li>
1198
1199  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/scraperwiki">scraperwiki (2)</a></li>
1200
1201  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sikkerhet">sikkerhet (41)</a></li>
1202
1203  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sitesummary">sitesummary (4)</a></li>
1204
1205  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/skepsis">skepsis (4)</a></li>
1206
1207  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/standard">standard (48)</a></li>
1208
1209  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/stavekontroll">stavekontroll (3)</a></li>
1210
1211  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/stortinget">stortinget (9)</a></li>
1212
1213  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/surveillance">surveillance (33)</a></li>
1214
1215  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sysadmin">sysadmin (2)</a></li>
1216
1217  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/usenix">usenix (2)</a></li>
1218
1219  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/valg">valg (8)</a></li>
1220
1221  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/video">video (54)</a></li>
1222
1223  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/vitenskap">vitenskap (4)</a></li>
1224
1225  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/web">web (37)</a></li>
1226
1227 </ul>
1228
1229
1230     </div>
1231     <p style="text-align: right">
1232  Created by <a href="http://steve.org.uk/Software/chronicle">Chronicle v4.6</a>
1233 </p>
1234
1235   </body>
1236 </html>