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  13  <h1>
  14      <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/">Petter Reinholdtsen</a>
  15
  16  </h1>
  17
  18 </div>
  19
  20
  21
  22     <div class="entry">
  23       <div class="title"><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Test_framework_for_DocBook_processors___formatters.html">Test framework for DocBook processors / formatters</a></div>
  24       <div class="date"> 5th November 2023</div>
  25       <div class="body"><p>All the books I have published so far has been using
  26 <a href="https://docbook.org/">DocBook</a> somewhere in the process.
  27 For the first book, the source format was DocBook, while for every
  28 later book it was an intermediate format used as the stepping stone to
  29 be able to present the same manuscript in several formats, on paper,
  30 as ebook in ePub format, as a HTML page and as a PDF file either for
  31 paper production or for Internet consumption.  This is made possible
  32 with a wide variety of free software tools with DocBook support in
  33 Debian.  The source format of later books have been docx via rst,
  34 Markdown, Filemaker and Asciidoc, and for all of these I was able to
  35 generate a suitable DocBook file for further processing using
  36 <a href="https://tracker.debian.org/pkg/pandoc">pandoc</a>,
  37 <a href="https://tracker.debian.org/pkg/asciidoc">a2x</a> and
  38 <a href="https://tracker.debian.org/pkg/asciidoctor">asciidoctor</a>,
  39 as well as rendering using
  40 <a href="https://tracker.debian.org/pkg/xmlto">xmlto</a>,
  41 <a href="https://tracker.debian.org/pkg/dbtoepub">dbtoepub</a>,
  42 <a href="https://tracker.debian.org/pkg/dblatex">dblatex</a>,
  43 <a href="https://tracker.debian.org/pkg/docbook-xsl">docbook-xsl</a> and
  44 <a href="https://tracker.debian.org/pkg/fop">fop</a>.</p>
  45
  46 <p>Most of the <a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/publisher/">books I
  47 have published</a> are translated books, with English as the source
  48 language.  The use of
  49 <a href="https://tracker.debian.org/pkg/po4a">po4a</a> to
  50 handle translations using the gettext PO format has been a blessing,
  51 but publishing translated books had triggered the need to ensure the
  52 DocBook tools handle relevant languages correctly.  For every new
  53 language I have published, I had to submit patches dblatex, dbtoepub
  54 and docbook-xsl fixing incorrect language and country specific issues
  55 in the framework themselves.  Typically this has been missing keywords
  56 like 'figure' or sort ordering of index entries.  After a while it
  57 became tiresome to only discover issues like this by accident, and I
  58 decided to write a DocBook "test framework" exercising various
  59 features of DocBook and allowing me to see all features exercised for
  60 a given language.  It consist of a set of DocBook files, a version 4
  61 book, a version 5 book, a v4 book set, a v4 selection of problematic
  62 tables, one v4 testing sidefloat and finally one v4 testing a book of
  63 articles.  The DocBook files are accompanied with a set of build rules
  64 for building PDF using dblatex and docbook-xsl/fop, HTML using xmlto
  65 or docbook-xsl and epub using dbtoepub.  The result is a set of files
  66 visualizing footnotes, indexes, table of content list, figures,
  67 formulas and other DocBook features, allowing for a quick review on
  68 the completeness of the given locale settings.  To build with a
  69 different language setting, all one need to do is edit the lang= value
  70 in the .xml file to pick a different ISO 639 code value and run
  71 'make'.</p>
  72
  73 <p>The <a href="https://codeberg.org/pere/docbook-example/">test framework
  74 source code</a> is available from Codeberg, and a generated set of
  75 presentations of the various examples is available as Codeberg static
  76 web pages at
  77 <a href="https://pere.codeberg.page/docbook-example/">https://pere.codeberg.page/docbook-example/</a>.
  78 Using this test framework I have been able to discover and report
  79 several bugs and missing features in various tools, and got a lot of
  80 them fixed.  For example I got Northern Sami keywords added to both
  81 docbook-xsl and dblatex, fixed several typos in Norwegian bokmål and
  82 Norwegian Nynorsk, support for non-ascii title IDs added to pandoc,
  83 Norwegian index sorting support fixed in xindy and initial Norwegian
  84 Bokmål support added to dblatex.  Some issues still remains, though.
  85 Default index sorting rules are still broken in several tools, so the
  86 Norwegian letters æ, ø and å are more often than not sorted properly
  87 in the book index.</p>
  88
  89 <p>The test framework recently received some more polish, as part of
  90 publishing my latest book.  This book contained a lot of fairly
  91 complex tables, which exposed bugs in some of the tools.  This made me
  92 add a new test file with various tables, as well as spend some time to
  93 brush up the build rules.  My goal is for the test framework to
  94 exercise all DocBook features to make it easier to see which features
  95 work with different processors, and hopefully get them all to support
  96 the full set of DocBook features.  Feel free to send patches to extend
  97 the test set, and test it with your favorite DocBook processor.
  98 Please visit these two URLs to learn more:</p>
  99
 100 <ul>
 101 <li><a href="https://codeberg.org/pere/docbook-example/">https://codeberg.org/pere/docbook-example/</a></li>
 102 <li><a href="https://pere.codeberg.page/docbook-example/">https://pere.codeberg.page/docbook-example/</a></li>
 103 </ul>
 104
 105 <p>If you want to learn more on Docbook and translations, I recommend
 106 having a look at the <a href="https://docbook.org/">the DocBook
 107 web site</a>,
 108 <a href="https://doccookbook.sourceforge.net/html/en/">the DoCookBook
 109 site<a/> and my earlier blog post on
 110 <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/From_English_wiki_to_translated_PDF_and_epub_via_Docbook.html">how
 111 the Skolelinux project process and translate documentation</a>,  a talk I gave earlier this year on
 112 <a href="https://www.nuug.no/aktiviteter/20230314-oversetting-og-publisering-av-b%c3%b8ker-med-fri-programvare/">how
 113 to translate and publish books using free software</a> (Norwegian
 114 only).</p>
 115
 116 <!--
 117
 118 https://github.com/docbook/xslt10-stylesheets/issues/205 (docbook-xsl: sme support)
 119 https://bugs.debian.org/968437 (xindy: index sorting rules for nb/nn)
 120 https://bugs.debian.org/856123 (pandoc: markdown to docbook with non-english titles)
 121 https://bugs.debian.org/864813 (dblatex: missing nb words)
 122 https://bugs.debian.org/756386 (dblatex: index sorting rules for nb/nn)
 123 https://bugs.debian.org/796871 (dbtoepub: index sorting rules for nb/nn)
 124 https://bugs.debian.org/792616 (dblatex: PDF metadata)
 125 https://bugs.debian.org/686908 (docbook-xsl: index sorting rules for nb/nn)
 126 https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&atid=373747&aid=3556630&group_id=21935 (docbook-xsl: nb/nn support)
 127 https://bugs.debian.org/684391 (dblatex: initial nb support)
 128
 129 -->
 130
 131 <p>As usual, if you use Bitcoin and want to show your support of my
 132 activities, please send Bitcoin donations to my address
 133 <b><a href="bitcoin:15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b">15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b</a></b>.</p>
 134 </div>
 135       <div class="tags">
 136
 137
 138         Tags: <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/docbook">docbook</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
 139
 140
 141       </div>
 142     </div>
 143     <div class="padding"></div>
 144
 145     <div class="entry">
 146       <div class="title"><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/_Virkninger_av_angrefristloven___hovedfagsoppgaven_som_fikk_endret_en_lov.html">«Virkninger av angrefristloven», hovedfagsoppgaven som fikk endret en lov</a></div>
 147       <div class="date">29th October 2023</div>
 148       <div class="body"><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2023-10-29-bok-angrefrist.svg" width="20%" align="center"></a>
 149
 150 <p>I 1979 leverte Ole-Erik Yrvin en hovedfagsoppgave for Cand. Scient.
 151   ved Institutt for sosiologi på Universitetet i Oslo på oppdrag fra
 152   Forbruker- og administrasjonsdepartementet. Oppgaven evaluerte
 153   Angrefristloven fra 1972, og det han oppdaget førte til at loven ble
 154   endret fire år senere.</p>
 155
 156 <p>Jeg har kjent Ole-Erik en stund, og synes det var trist at hans
 157   oppgave ikke lenger er tilgjengelig, hverken fra oppdragsgiver
 158   eller fra universitetet.  Hans forsøk på å få den avbildet og lagt
 159   ut på Internett har vist seg fånyttes, så derfor tilbød jeg meg for
 160   en stund tilbake å publisere den og gjøre den tilgjengelig med
 161   fribruksvilkår på Internett.  Det er nå klart, og hovedfagsoppgaven
 162   er tilgjengelig blant annet via <a
 163   href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/publisher/">min liste over
 164   publiserte bøker</a>, både som nettside,
 165   <a href="https://www.lulu.com/search?contributor=Ole-Erik+Yrvin">digital
 166   bok i ePub-format og på papir fra lulu.com</a>.  Jeg regner med at
 167   den også vil dukke opp på nettbokhandlere i løpet av en måned eller
 168   to.</p>
 169
 170 <p>Alle tabeller og figurer er gjenskapt for bedre lesbarhet, noen
 171   skrivefeil rettet opp og mange referanser har fått flere detaljer
 172   som ISBN-nummer og DOI-referanse.  Selv om jeg ikke regner med at
 173   dette blir en kioskvelter, så håper jeg denne nye utgaven kan komme
 174   fremtiden til glede.</p>
 175
 176 <p>Som vanlig, hvis du bruker Bitcoin og ønsker å vise din støtte til
 177 det jeg driver med, setter jeg pris på om du sender Bitcoin-donasjoner
 178 til min adresse
 179 <b><a href="bitcoin:15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b">15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b</a></b>. Merk,
 180 betaling med bitcoin er ikke anonymt. :)</p>
 181 </div>
 182       <div class="tags">
 183
 184
 185         Tags: <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/docbook">docbook</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/norsk">norsk</a>.
 186
 187
 188       </div>
 189     </div>
 190     <div class="padding"></div>
 191
 192     <div class="entry">
 193       <div class="title"><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/_underordnet_tjenestemann_blir_inhabil_fordi_en_overordnet_er_inhabil__.html">«underordnet tjenestemann blir inhabil fordi en overordnet er inhabil».</a></div>
 194       <div class="date"> 7th September 2023</div>
 195       <div class="body"><p>Medlemmene av Norges regjering har demonstert de siste månedene at
 196 habilitetsvureringer ikke er deres sterke side og det gjelder både
 197 Arbeiderpartiets og Senterpartiers representater. Det er heldigvis
 198 enklere i det private, da inhabilitetsreglene kun gjelder de som
 199 jobber for folket, ikke seg selv.  Sist ut er utenriksminister
 200 Huitfeldt.  I går kom nyheten om at
 201 <a href="https://www.nrk.no/nyheter/riksadvokaten_-okokrim-nestsjef-kan-behandle-huitfeldt-saken-1.16545162">Riksadvokaten
 202 har konkludert med at nestsjefen i Økokrim kan behandle sak om
 203 habilitet og innsidekunnskap</a> for Huitfeldt, på tross av at hans
 204 overordnede, sjefen for Økokrim, har meldt seg inhabil i saken.  Dette
 205 er litt rart.  I veilednigen
 206 «<a href="https://www.regjeringen.no/globalassets/upload/krd/vedlegg/komm/veiledere/habilitet_i_kommuner_og_fylkeskommuner.pdf">Habilitet
 207 i kommuner og fylkeskommuner</a>» av Kommunal- og regionaldepartementet
 208 forteller de hva som gjelder, riktig nok gjelder veiledningen ikke for
 209 Økokrim som jo ikke er kommune eller fylkeskommune, men jeg får ikke
 210 inntrykk av at dette er regler som kun gjelder for kommune og
 211 fylkeskommune:
 212
 213 <blockquote>
 214 <p>«<strong>2.1 Oversikt over inhabilitetsgrunnlagene</strong>
 215
 216 <p>De alminnelige reglene om inhabilitet for den offentlige
 217 forvaltningen er gitt i
 218 <a href="https://lovdata.no/dokument/NL/lov/1967-02-10/KAPITTEL_2#KAPITTEL_2">forvaltningsloven
 219 §§ 6 til 10</a>. Forvaltningslovens hovedregel om inhabilitet framgår
 220 av § 6. Her er det gitt tre ulike grunnlag som kan føre til at en
 221 tjenestemann eller folkevalgt blir inhabil. I § 6 første ledd
 222 bokstavene a til e er det oppstilt konkrete tilknytningsforhold mellom
 223 tjenestemannen og saken eller sakens parter som automatisk fører til
 224 inhabilitet. Annet ledd oppstiller en skjønnsmessig regel om at
 225 tjenestemannen også kan bli inhabil etter en konkret vurdering av
 226 inhabilitetsspørsmålet, der en lang rekke momenter kan være
 227 relevante. I tredje ledd er det regler om såkalt avledet
 228 inhabilitet. Det vil si at en underordnet tjenestemann blir inhabil
 229 fordi en overordnet er inhabil.»</p>
 230 </blockquote>
 231
 232 <p>Loven sier ganske enkelt «Er den overordnede tjenestemann ugild,
 233 kan avgjørelse i saken heller ikke treffes av en direkte underordnet
 234 tjenestemann i samme forvaltningsorgan.»  Jeg antar tanken er at en
 235 underordnet vil stå i fare for å tilpasse sine konklusjoner til det
 236 overordnet vil ha fordel av, for å fortsatt ha et godt forhold til sin
 237 overordnede.  Men jeg er ikke jurist og forstår nok ikke kompliserte
 238 juridiske vurderinger.  For å sitere «Kamerat Napoleon» av George
 239 Orwell: «Alle dyr er like, men noen dyr er likere enn andre».
 240 </div>
 241       <div class="tags">
 242
 243
 244         Tags: <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/norsk">norsk</a>.
 245
 246
 247       </div>
 248     </div>
 249     <div class="padding"></div>
 250
 251     <div class="entry">
 252       <div class="title"><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Invidious_add_on_for_Kodi_20.html">Invidious add-on for Kodi 20</a></div>
 253       <div class="date">10th August 2023</div>
 254       <div class="body"><p>I still enjoy <a href="https://kodi.tv/">Kodi</a> and
 255 <a href="https://libreelec.tv/">LibreELEC</a> as my multimedia center
 256 at home.  Sadly two of the services I really would like to use from
 257 within Kodi are not easily available.  The most wanted add-on would be
 258 one making <a href="https://archive.org/">The Internet Archive</a>
 259 available, and it has
 260 <a href="https://kodi.wiki/view/Add-on:Internet_Archive">not been
 261 working</a> for many years.  The second most wanted add-on is one
 262 using <a href="https://invidious.io/">the Invidious privacy enhanced
 263 Youtube frontent</a>.  A plugin for this has been partly working, but
 264 not been kept up to date in the Kodi add-on repository, and its
 265 upstream seem to have given it up in April this year, when the git
 266 repository was closed.  A few days ago I got tired of this sad state
 267 of affairs and decided to
 268 <a href="https://github.com/petterreinholdtsen/kodi-invidious-plugin">have
 269 a go at improving the Invidious add-on</a>.  As
 270 <a href="https://github.com/iv-org/invidious/issues/3872">Google has
 271 already attacked</a> the Invidious concept, so it need all the support
 272 if can get.  My small contribution here is to improve the service
 273 status on Kodi.</p>
 274
 275 <p>I added support to the Invidious add-on for automatically picking a
 276 working Invidious instance, instead of requiring the user to specify
 277 the URL to a specific instance after installation.  I also had a look
 278 at the set of patches floating around in the various forks on github,
 279 and decided to clean up at least some of the features I liked and
 280 integrate them into my new release branch.  Now the plugin can handle
 281 channel and short video items in search results.  Earlier it could
 282 only handle single video instances in the search response.  I also
 283 brushed up the set of metadata displayed a bit, but hope I can figure
 284 out how to get more relevant metadata displayed.</p>
 285
 286 <p>Because I only use Kodi 20 myself, I only test on version 20 and am
 287 only motivated to ensure version 20 is working.  Because of API changes
 288 between version 19 and 20, I suspect it will fail with earlier Kodi
 289 versions.</p>
 290
 291 <p>I already
 292 <a href="https://github.com/xbmc/repo-plugins/pull/4363">asked to have
 293 the add-on added</a> to the official Kodi 20 repository, and is
 294 waiting to heard back from the repo maintainers.</p>
 295
 296 <p>As usual, if you use Bitcoin and want to show your support of my
 297 activities, please send Bitcoin donations to my address
 298 <b><a href="bitcoin:15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b">15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b</a></b>.</p>
 299 </div>
 300       <div class="tags">
 301
 302
 303         Tags: <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/kodi">kodi</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/multimedia">multimedia</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/video">video</a>.
 304
 305
 306       </div>
 307     </div>
 308     <div class="padding"></div>
 309
 310     <div class="entry">
 311       <div class="title"><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/What_did_I_learn_from_OpenSnitch_this_summer_.html">What did I learn from OpenSnitch this summer?</a></div>
 312       <div class="date">11th June 2023</div>
 313       <div class="body"><p>With yesterdays
 314 <a href="https://www.debian.org/News/2023/20230610">release of Debian
 315 12 Bookworm</a>, I am happy to know the
 316 <a href="https://tracker.debian.org/pkg/opensnitch">the interactive
 317 application firewall OpenSnitch</a> is available for a wider audience.
 318 I have been running it for a few weeks now, and have been surprised
 319 about some of the programs connecting to the Internet.  Some programs
 320 are obviously calling out from my machine, like the NTP network based
 321 clock adjusting system and Tor to reach other Tor clients, but others
 322 were more dubious.  For example, the KDE Window manager try to look up
 323 the host name in DNS, for no apparent reason, but if this lookup is
 324 blocked the KDE desktop get periodically stuck when I use it.  Another
 325 surprise was how much Firefox call home directly to mozilla.com,
 326 mozilla.net and googleapis.com, to mention a few, when I visit other
 327 web pages.  This direct connection happen even if I told Firefox to
 328 always use a proxy, and the proxy setting is ignored for this traffic.
 329 Other surprising connections come from audacity and dirmngr (I do not
 330 use Gnome).  It took some trial and error to get a good default set of
 331 permissions.  Without it, I would get popups asking for permissions at
 332 any time, also the most inconvenient ones where I am in the middle of
 333 a time sensitive gaming session.</p>
 334
 335 <p>I suspect some application developers should rethink when then need
 336 to use network connections or DNS lookups, and recommend testing
 337 OpenSnitch (only <tt>apt install opensnitch</tt> away in Debian
 338 Bookworm) to locate and report any surprising Internet connections on
 339 your desktop machine.</p>
 340
 341 <p>At the moment the upstream developer and Debian package maintainer
 342 is working on making the system more reliable in Debian, by enabling
 343 the eBPF kernel module to track processes and connections instead of
 344 depending in content in /proc/.  This should enter unstable fairly
 345 soon.</p>
 346
 347 <p>As usual, if you use Bitcoin and want to show your support of my
 348 activities, please send Bitcoin donations to my address
 349 <b><a href="bitcoin:15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b">15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b</a></b>.</p>
 350
 351 <p><strong>Update 2023-06-12</strong>: I got a tip about
 352 <a href="https://wiki.debian.org/PrivacyIssues">a list of privacy
 353 issues in Free Software</a> and the
 354 <a href="irc://irc.debian.org/%23debian-privacy">#debian-privacy IRC
 355 channel</a> discussing these topics.</p>
 356
 357 </div>
 358       <div class="tags">
 359
 360
 361         Tags: <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/opensnitch">opensnitch</a>.
 362
 363
 364       </div>
 365     </div>
 366     <div class="padding"></div>
 367
 368     <div class="entry">
 369       <div class="title"><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/wmbusmeters__parse_data_from_your_utility_meter___nice_free_software.html">wmbusmeters, parse data from your utility meter - nice free software</a></div>
 370       <div class="date">19th May 2023</div>
 371       <div class="body"><p>There is a European standard for reading utility meters like water,
 372 gas, electricity or heat distribution meters.  The
 373 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meter-Bus">Meter-Bus standard
 374 (EN 13757-2, EN 13757-3 and EN 13757–4)</a> provide a cross vendor way
 375 to talk to and collect meter data.  I ran into this standard when I
 376 wanted to monitor some heat distribution meters, and managed to find
 377 free software that could do the job.  The meters in question broadcast
 378 encrypted messages with meter information via radio, and the hardest
 379 part was to track down the encryption keys from the vendor.  With this
 380 in place I could set up a MQTT gateway to submit the meter data for
 381 graphing.</p>
 382
 383 <p>The free software systems in question,
 384 <a href="https://tracker.debian.org/pkg/rtl-wmbus">rtl-wmbus</a> to
 385 read the messages from a software defined radio, and
 386 <a href="https://tracker.debian.org/pkg/wmbusmeters">wmbusmeters</a> to
 387 decrypt and decode the content of the messages, is working very well
 388 and allowe me to get frequent updates from my meters.  I got in touch
 389 with upstream last year to see if there was any interest in publishing
 390 the packages via Debian.  I was very happy to learn that Fredrik
 391 Öhrström volunteered to maintain the packages, and I have since
 392 assisted him in getting Debian package build rules in place as well as
 393 sponsoring the packages into the Debian archive.  Sadly we completed
 394 it too late for them to become part of the next stable Debian release
 395 (Bookworm).  The wmbusmeters package just cleared the NEW queue.  It
 396 will need some work to fix a built problem, but I expect Fredrik will
 397 find a solution soon.</p>
 398
 399 <p>If you got a infrastructure meter supporting the Meter Bus
 400 standard, I strongly recommend having a look at these nice
 401 packages.</p>
 402
 403 <p>As usual, if you use Bitcoin and want to show your support of my
 404 activities, please send Bitcoin donations to my address
 405 <b><a href="bitcoin:15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b">15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b</a></b>.</p>
 406 </div>
 407       <div class="tags">
 408
 409
 410         Tags: <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/nice free software">nice free software</a>.
 411
 412
 413       </div>
 414     </div>
 415     <div class="padding"></div>
 416
 417     <div class="entry">
 418       <div class="title"><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/The_2023_LinuxCNC_Norwegian_developer_gathering.html">The 2023 LinuxCNC Norwegian developer gathering</a></div>
 419       <div class="date">14th May 2023</div>
 420       <div class="body"><p>The LinuxCNC project is making headway these days.  A lot of
 421 patches and issues have seen activity on
 422 <a href="https://github.com/LinuxCNC/linuxcnc/">the project github
 423 pages</a> recently.  A few weeks ago there was a developer gathering
 424 over at the <a href="https://tormach.com/">Tormach</a> headquarter in
 425 Wisconsin, and now we are planning a new gathering in Norway.  If you
 426 wonder what LinuxCNC is, lets quote Wikipedia:</p>
 427
 428 <blockquote>
 429 "LinuxCNC is a software system for numerical control of
 430 machines such as milling machines, lathes, plasma cutters, routers,
 431 cutting machines, robots and hexapods. It can control up to 9 axes or
 432 joints of a CNC machine using G-code (RS-274NGC) as input. It has
 433 several GUIs suited to specific kinds of usage (touch screen,
 434 interactive development)."
 435 </blockquote>
 436
 437 <p>The Norwegian developer gathering take place the weekend June 16th
 438 to 18th this year, and is open for everyone interested in contributing
 439 to LinuxCNC.  Up to date information about the gathering can be found
 440 in
 441 <a href="https://sourceforge.net/p/emc/mailman/emc-developers/thread/sa64jp06nob.fsf%40hjemme.reinholdtsen.name/#msg37837251">the
 442 developer mailing list thread</a> where the gathering was announced.
 443 Thanks to the good people at
 444 <a href="https://www.debian.org/">Debian</a>,
 445 <a href="https://www.redpill-linpro.com/">Redpill-Linpro</a> and
 446 <a href="https://www.nuugfoundation.no/no/">NUUG Foundation</a>, we
 447 have enough sponsor funds to pay for food, and shelter for the people
 448 traveling from afar to join us.  If you would like to join the
 449 gathering, get in touch.</p>
 450
 451 <p>As usual, if you use Bitcoin and want to show your support of my
 452 activities, please send Bitcoin donations to my address
 453 <b><a href="bitcoin:15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b">15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b</a></b>.</p>
 454 </div>
 455       <div class="tags">
 456
 457
 458         Tags: <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/linuxcnc">linuxcnc</a>.
 459
 460
 461       </div>
 462     </div>
 463     <div class="padding"></div>
 464
 465     <div class="entry">
 466       <div class="title"><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/OpenSnitch_in_Debian_ready_for_prime_time.html">OpenSnitch in Debian ready for prime time</a></div>
 467       <div class="date">13th May 2023</div>
 468       <div class="body"><p>A bit delayed,
 469 <a href="https://tracker.debian.org/pkg/opensnitch">the interactive
 470 application firewall OpenSnitch</a> package in Debian now got the
 471 latest fixes ready for Debian Bookworm.  Because it depend on a
 472 package missing on some architectures, the autopkgtest check of the
 473 testing migration script did not understand that the tests were
 474 actually working, so the migration was delayed.  A bug in the package
 475 dependencies is also fixed, so those installing the firewall package
 476 (opensnitch) now also get the GUI admin tool (python3-opensnitch-ui)
 477 installed by default.  I am very grateful to Gustavo Iñiguez Goya for
 478 his work on getting the package ready for Debian Bookworm.</p>
 479
 480 <p>Armed with this package I have discovered some surprising
 481 connections from programs I believed were able to work completly
 482 offline, and it has already proven its worth, at least to me.  If you
 483 too want to get more familiar with the kind of programs using
 484 Internett connections on your machine, I recommend testing <tt>apt
 485 install opensnitch</tt> in Bookworm and see what you think.</p>
 486
 487 <p>The package is still not able to build its eBPF module within
 488 Debian.  Not sure how much work it would be to get it working, but
 489 suspect some kernel related packages need to be extended with more
 490 header files to get it working.</p>
 491
 492 <p>As usual, if you use Bitcoin and want to show your support of my
 493 activities, please send Bitcoin donations to my address
 494 <b><a href="bitcoin:15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b">15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b</a></b>.</p>
 495 </div>
 496       <div class="tags">
 497
 498
 499         Tags: <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/opensnitch">opensnitch</a>.
 500
 501
 502       </div>
 503     </div>
 504     <div class="padding"></div>
 505
 506     <div class="entry">
 507       <div class="title"><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Speech_to_text__she_APTly_whispered__how_hard_can_it_be_.html">Speech to text, she APTly whispered, how hard can it be?</a></div>
 508       <div class="date">23rd April 2023</div>
 509       <div class="body"><p>While visiting a convention during Easter, it occurred to me that
 510 it would be great if I could have a digital Dictaphone with
 511 transcribing capabilities, providing me with texts to cut-n-paste into
 512 stuff I need to write.  The background is that long drives often bring
 513 up the urge to write on texts I am working on, which of course is out
 514 of the question while driving.  With the release of
 515 <a href="https://github.com/openai/whisper/">OpenAI Whisper</a>, this
 516 seem to be within reach with Free Software, so I decided to give it a
 517 go.  OpenAI Whisper is a Linux based neural network system to read in
 518 audio files and provide text representation of the speech in that
 519 audio recording.  It handle multiple languages and according to its
 520 creators even can translate into a different language than the spoken
 521 one.  I have not tested the latter feature.  It can either use the CPU
 522 or a GPU with CUDA support.  As far as I can tell, CUDA in practice
 523 limit that feature to NVidia graphics cards.  I have few of those, as
 524 they do not work great with free software drivers, and have not tested
 525 the GPU option.  While looking into the matter, I did discover some
 526 work to provide CUDA support on non-NVidia GPUs, and some work with
 527 the library used by Whisper to port it to other GPUs, but have not
 528 spent much time looking into GPU support yet.  I've so far used an old
 529 X220 laptop as my test machine, and only transcribed using its
 530 CPU.</p>
 531
 532 <p>As it from a privacy standpoint is unthinkable to use computers
 533 under control of someone else (aka a "cloud" service) to transcribe
 534 ones thoughts and personal notes, I want to run the transcribing
 535 system locally on my own computers.  The only sensible approach to me
 536 is to make the effort I put into this available for any Linux user and
 537 to upload the needed packages into Debian.  Looking at Debian Bookworm, I
 538 discovered that only three packages were missing,
 539 <a href="https://bugs.debian.org/1034307">tiktoken</a>,
 540 <a href="https://bugs.debian.org/1034144">triton</a>, and
 541 <a href="https://bugs.debian.org/1034091">openai-whisper</a>.  For a while
 542 I also believed
 543 <a href="https://bugs.debian.org/1034286">ffmpeg-python</a> was
 544 needed, but as its
 545 <a href="https://github.com/kkroening/ffmpeg-python/issues/760">upstream
 546 seem to have vanished</a> I found it safer
 547 <a href="https://github.com/openai/whisper/pull/1242">to rewrite
 548 whisper</a> to stop depending on in than to introduce ffmpeg-python
 549 into Debian.  I decided to place these packages under the umbrella of
 550 <a href="https://salsa.debian.org/deeplearning-team">the Debian Deep
 551 Learning Team</a>, which seem like the best team to look after such
 552 packages.  Discussing the topic within the group also made me aware
 553 that the triton package was already a future dependency of newer
 554 versions of the torch package being planned, and would be needed after
 555 Bookworm is released.</p>
 556
 557 <p>All required code packages have been now waiting in
 558 <a href="https://ftp-master.debian.org/new.html">the Debian NEW
 559 queue</a> since Wednesday, heading for Debian Experimental until
 560 Bookworm is released.  An unsolved issue is how to handle the neural
 561 network models used by Whisper.  The default behaviour of Whisper is
 562 to require Internet connectivity and download the model requested to
 563 <tt>~/.cache/whisper/</tt> on first invocation.  This obviously would
 564 fail <a href="https://people.debian.org/~bap/dfsg-faq.html">the
 565 deserted island test of free software</a> as the Debian packages would
 566 be unusable for someone stranded with only the Debian archive and solar
 567 powered computer on a deserted island.</p>
 568
 569 <p>Because of this, I would love to include the models in the Debian
 570 mirror system.  This is problematic, as the models are very large
 571 files, which would put a heavy strain on the Debian mirror
 572 infrastructure around the globe.  The strain would be even higher if
 573 the models change often, which luckily as far as I can tell they do
 574 not.  The small model, which according to its creator is most useful
 575 for English and in my experience is not doing a great job there
 576 either, is 462 MiB (deb is 414 MiB).  The medium model, which to me
 577 seem to handle English speech fairly well is 1.5 GiB (deb is 1.3 GiB)
 578 and the large model is 2.9 GiB (deb is 2.6 GiB).  I would assume
 579 everyone with enough resources would prefer to use the large model for
 580 highest quality.  I believe the models themselves would have to go
 581 into the non-free part of the Debian archive, as they are not really
 582 including any useful source code for updating the models.  The
 583 "source", aka the model training set, according to the creators
 584 consist of "680,000 hours of multilingual and multitask supervised
 585 data collected from the web", which to me reads material with both
 586 unknown copyright terms, unavailable to the general public.  In other
 587 words, the source is not available according to the Debian Free
 588 Software Guidelines and the model should be considered non-free.</p>
 589
 590 <p>I asked the Debian FTP masters for advice regarding uploading a
 591 model package on their IRC channel, and based on the feedback there it
 592 is still unclear to me if such package would be accepted into the
 593 archive.  In any case I wrote build rules for a
 594 <a href="https://salsa.debian.org/deeplearning-team/openai-whisper-model">OpenAI
 595 Whisper model package</a> and
 596 <a href="https://github.com/openai/whisper/pull/1257">modified the
 597 Whisper code base</a> to prefer shared files under <tt>/usr/</tt> and
 598 <tt>/var/</tt> over user specific files in <tt>~/.cache/whisper/</tt>
 599 to be able to use these model packages, to prepare for such
 600 possibility.  One solution might be to include only one of the models
 601 (small or medium, I guess) in the Debian archive, and ask people to
 602 download the others from the Internet.  Not quite sure what to do
 603 here, and advice is most welcome (use the debian-ai mailing list).</p>
 604
 605 <p>To make it easier to test the new packages while I wait for them to
 606 clear the NEW queue, I created an APT source targeting bookworm.  I
 607 selected Bookworm instead of Bullseye, even though I know the latter
 608 would reach more users, is that some of the required dependencies are
 609 missing from Bullseye and I during this phase of testing did not want
 610 to backport a lot of packages just to get up and running.</p>
 611
 612 <p>Here is a recipe to run as user root if you want to test OpenAI
 613 Whisper using Debian packages on your Debian Bookworm installation,
 614 first adding the APT repository GPG key to the list of trusted keys,
 615 then setting up the APT repository and finally installing the packages
 616 and one of the models:</p>
 617
 618 <p><pre>
 619 curl https://geekbay.nuug.no/~pere/openai-whisper/D78F5C4796F353D211B119E28200D9B589641240.asc \
 620   -o /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/pere-whisper.asc
 621 mkdir -p /etc/apt/sources.list.d
 622 cat > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/pere-whisper.list &lt;&lt;EOF
 623 deb https://geekbay.nuug.no/~pere/openai-whisper/ bookworm main
 624 deb-src https://geekbay.nuug.no/~pere/openai-whisper/ bookworm main
 625 EOF
 626 apt update
 627 apt install openai-whisper
 628 </pre></p>
 629
 630 <p>The package work for me, but have not yet been tested on any other
 631 computer than my own.  With it, I have been able to (badly) transcribe
 632 a 2 minute 40 second Norwegian audio clip to test using the small
 633 model.  This took 11 minutes and around 2.2 GiB of RAM.  Transcribing
 634 the same file with the medium model gave a accurate text in 77 minutes
 635 using around 5.2 GiB of RAM.  My test machine had too little memory to
 636 test the large model, which I believe require 11 GiB of RAM.  In
 637 short, this now work for me using Debian packages, and I hope it will
 638 for you and everyone else once the packages enter Debian.</p>
 639
 640 <p>Now I can start on the audio recording part of this project.</p>
 641
 642 <p>As usual, if you use Bitcoin and want to show your support of my
 643 activities, please send Bitcoin donations to my address
 644 <b><a href="bitcoin:15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b">15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b</a></b>.</p>
 645 </div>
 646       <div class="tags">
 647
 648
 649         Tags: <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/multimedia">multimedia</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/video">video</a>.
 650
 651
 652       </div>
 653     </div>
 654     <div class="padding"></div>
 655
 656     <div class="entry">
 657       <div class="title"><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/rtlsdr_scanner__software_defined_radio_frequency_scanner_for_Linux____nice_free_software.html">rtlsdr-scanner, software defined radio frequency scanner for Linux  - nice free software</a></div>
 658       <div class="date"> 7th April 2023</div>
 659       <div class="body"><p>Today I finally found time to track down a useful radio frequency
 660 scanner for my software defined radio.  Just for fun I tried to locate
 661 the radios used in the areas, and a good start would be to scan all
 662 the frequencies to see what is in use.  I've tried to find a useful
 663 program earlier, but ran out of time before I managed to find a useful
 664 tool.  This time I was more successful, and after a few false leads I
 665 found a description of
 666 <a href="https://www.kali.org/tools/rtlsdr-scanner/">rtlsdr-scanner
 667 over at the Kali site</a>, and was able to track down
 668 <a href="https://gitlab.com/kalilinux/packages/rtlsdr-scanner.git">the
 669 Kali package git repository</a> to build a deb package for the
 670 scanner.  Sadly the package is missing from the Debian project itself,
 671 at least in Debian Bullseye.  Two runtime dependencies,
 672 <a href="https://gitlab.com/kalilinux/packages/python-visvis.git">python-visvis</a>
 673 and
 674 <a href="https://gitlab.com/kalilinux/packages/python-rtlsdr.git">python-rtlsdr</a>
 675 had to be built and installed separately.  Luckily '<tt>gbp
 676 buildpackage</tt>' handled them just fine and no further packages had
 677 to be manually built.  The end result worked out of the box after
 678 installation.</p>
 679
 680 <p>My initial scans for FM channels worked just fine, so I knew the
 681 scanner was functioning.  But when I tried to scan every frequency
 682 from 100 to 1000 MHz, the program stopped unexpectedly near the
 683 completion.  After some debugging I discovered USB software radio I
 684 used rejected frequencies above 948 MHz, triggering a unreported
 685 exception breaking the scan.  Changing the scan to end at 957 worked
 686 better.  I similarly found the lower limit to be around 15, and ended
 687 up with the following full scan:</p>
 688
 689 <p><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2023-04-07-radio-freq-scanning.png"><img src="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2023-04-07-radio-freq-scanning.png" width="100%"></a></p>
 690
 691 <p>Saving the scan did not work, but exporting it as a CSV file worked
 692 just fine.  I ended up with around 477k CVS lines with dB level for
 693 the given frequency.</p>
 694
 695 <p>The save failure seem to be a missing UTF-8 encoding issue in the
 696 python code.  Will see if I can find time to send a patch
 697 <a href="https://github.com/CdeMills/RTLSDR-Scanner/">upstream</a>
 698 later to fix this exception:</p>
 699
 700 <pre>
 701 Traceback (most recent call last):
 702   File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/rtlsdr_scanner/main_window.py", line 485, in __on_save
 703     save_plot(fullName, self.scanInfo, self.spectrum, self.locations)
 704   File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/rtlsdr_scanner/file.py", line 408, in save_plot
 705     handle.write(json.dumps(data, indent=4))
 706 TypeError: a bytes-like object is required, not 'str'
 707 Traceback (most recent call last):
 708   File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/rtlsdr_scanner/main_window.py", line 485, in __on_save
 709     save_plot(fullName, self.scanInfo, self.spectrum, self.locations)
 710   File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/rtlsdr_scanner/file.py", line 408, in save_plot
 711     handle.write(json.dumps(data, indent=4))
 712 TypeError: a bytes-like object is required, not 'str'
 713 </pre>
 714
 715 <p>As usual, if you use Bitcoin and want to show your support of my
 716 activities, please send Bitcoin donations to my address
 717 <b><a href="bitcoin:15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b">15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b</a></b>.</p>
 718 </div>
 719       <div class="tags">
 720
 721
 722         Tags: <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/nice free software">nice free software</a>.
 723
 724
 725       </div>
 726     </div>
 727     <div class="padding"></div>
 728
 729     <p style="text-align: right;"><a href="index.rss"><img src="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/xml.gif" alt="RSS feed" width="36" height="14" /></a></p>
 730     <div id="sidebar">
 731
 732
 733
 734 <h2>Archive</h2>
 735 <ul>
 736
 737 <li>2023
 738 <ul>
 739
 740 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2023/01/">January (3)</a></li>
 741
 742 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2023/02/">February (1)</a></li>
 743
 744 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2023/04/">April (2)</a></li>
 745
 746 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2023/05/">May (3)</a></li>
 747
 748 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2023/06/">June (1)</a></li>
 749
 750 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2023/08/">August (1)</a></li>
 751
 752 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2023/09/">September (1)</a></li>
 753
 754 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2023/10/">October (1)</a></li>
 755
 756 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2023/11/">November (1)</a></li>
 757
 758 </ul></li>
 759
 760 <li>2022
 761 <ul>
 762
 763 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2022/02/">February (1)</a></li>
 764
 765 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2022/03/">March (3)</a></li>
 766
 767 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2022/04/">April (2)</a></li>
 768
 769 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2022/06/">June (2)</a></li>
 770
 771 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2022/07/">July (1)</a></li>
 772
 773 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2022/09/">September (1)</a></li>
 774
 775 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2022/10/">October (1)</a></li>
 776
 777 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2022/12/">December (1)</a></li>
 778
 779 </ul></li>
 780
 781 <li>2021
 782 <ul>
 783
 784 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2021/01/">January (2)</a></li>
 785
 786 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2021/02/">February (1)</a></li>
 787
 788 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2021/05/">May (1)</a></li>
 789
 790 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2021/06/">June (1)</a></li>
 791
 792 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2021/07/">July (3)</a></li>
 793
 794 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2021/08/">August (1)</a></li>
 795
 796 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2021/09/">September (1)</a></li>
 797
 798 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2021/10/">October (1)</a></li>
 799
 800 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2021/12/">December (1)</a></li>
 801
 802 </ul></li>
 803
 804 <li>2020
 805 <ul>
 806
 807 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2020/02/">February (2)</a></li>
 808
 809 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2020/03/">March (2)</a></li>
 810
 811 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2020/04/">April (2)</a></li>
 812
 813 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2020/05/">May (3)</a></li>
 814
 815 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2020/06/">June (2)</a></li>
 816
 817 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2020/07/">July (1)</a></li>
 818
 819 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2020/09/">September (1)</a></li>
 820
 821 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2020/10/">October (1)</a></li>
 822
 823 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2020/11/">November (1)</a></li>
 824
 825 </ul></li>
 826
 827 <li>2019
 828 <ul>
 829
 830 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/01/">January (4)</a></li>
 831
 832 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/02/">February (3)</a></li>
 833
 834 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/03/">March (3)</a></li>
 835
 836 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/05/">May (2)</a></li>
 837
 838 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/06/">June (5)</a></li>
 839
 840 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/07/">July (2)</a></li>
 841
 842 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/08/">August (1)</a></li>
 843
 844 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/09/">September (1)</a></li>
 845
 846 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/11/">November (1)</a></li>
 847
 848 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/12/">December (4)</a></li>
 849
 850 </ul></li>
 851
 852 <li>2018
 853 <ul>
 854
 855 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/01/">January (1)</a></li>
 856
 857 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/02/">February (5)</a></li>
 858
 859 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/03/">March (5)</a></li>
 860
 861 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/04/">April (3)</a></li>
 862
 863 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/06/">June (2)</a></li>
 864
 865 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/07/">July (5)</a></li>
 866
 867 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/08/">August (3)</a></li>
 868
 869 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/09/">September (3)</a></li>
 870
 871 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/10/">October (5)</a></li>
 872
 873 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/11/">November (2)</a></li>
 874
 875 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/12/">December (4)</a></li>
 876
 877 </ul></li>
 878
 879 <li>2017
 880 <ul>
 881
 882 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/01/">January (4)</a></li>
 883
 884 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/02/">February (3)</a></li>
 885
 886 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/03/">March (5)</a></li>
 887
 888 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/04/">April (2)</a></li>
 889
 890 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/06/">June (5)</a></li>
 891
 892 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/07/">July (1)</a></li>
 893
 894 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/08/">August (1)</a></li>
 895
 896 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/09/">September (3)</a></li>
 897
 898 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/10/">October (5)</a></li>
 899
 900 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/11/">November (3)</a></li>
 901
 902 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/12/">December (4)</a></li>
 903
 904 </ul></li>
 905
 906 <li>2016
 907 <ul>
 908
 909 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/01/">January (3)</a></li>
 910
 911 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/02/">February (2)</a></li>
 912
 913 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/03/">March (3)</a></li>
 914
 915 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/04/">April (8)</a></li>
 916
 917 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/05/">May (8)</a></li>
 918
 919 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/06/">June (2)</a></li>
 920
 921 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/07/">July (2)</a></li>
 922
 923 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/08/">August (5)</a></li>
 924
 925 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/09/">September (2)</a></li>
 926
 927 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/10/">October (3)</a></li>
 928
 929 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/11/">November (8)</a></li>
 930
 931 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/12/">December (5)</a></li>
 932
 933 </ul></li>
 934
 935 <li>2015
 936 <ul>
 937
 938 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/01/">January (7)</a></li>
 939
 940 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/02/">February (6)</a></li>
 941
 942 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/03/">March (1)</a></li>
 943
 944 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/04/">April (4)</a></li>
 945
 946 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/05/">May (3)</a></li>
 947
 948 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/06/">June (4)</a></li>
 949
 950 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/07/">July (6)</a></li>
 951
 952 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/08/">August (2)</a></li>
 953
 954 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/09/">September (2)</a></li>
 955
 956 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/10/">October (9)</a></li>
 957
 958 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/11/">November (6)</a></li>
 959
 960 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/12/">December (3)</a></li>
 961
 962 </ul></li>
 963
 964 <li>2014
 965 <ul>
 966
 967 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/01/">January (2)</a></li>
 968
 969 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/02/">February (3)</a></li>
 970
 971 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/03/">March (8)</a></li>
 972
 973 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/04/">April (7)</a></li>
 974
 975 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/05/">May (1)</a></li>
 976
 977 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/06/">June (2)</a></li>
 978
 979 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/07/">July (2)</a></li>
 980
 981 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/08/">August (2)</a></li>
 982
 983 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/09/">September (5)</a></li>
 984
 985 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/10/">October (6)</a></li>
 986
 987 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/11/">November (3)</a></li>
 988
 989 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/12/">December (5)</a></li>
 990
 991 </ul></li>
 992
 993 <li>2013
 994 <ul>
 995
 996 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/01/">January (11)</a></li>
 997
 998 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/02/">February (9)</a></li>
 999
1000 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/03/">March (9)</a></li>
1001
1002 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/04/">April (6)</a></li>
1003
1004 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/05/">May (9)</a></li>
1005
1006 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/06/">June (10)</a></li>
1007
1008 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/07/">July (7)</a></li>
1009
1010 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/08/">August (3)</a></li>
1011
1012 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/09/">September (5)</a></li>
1013
1014 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/10/">October (7)</a></li>
1015
1016 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/11/">November (9)</a></li>
1017
1018 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/12/">December (3)</a></li>
1019
1020 </ul></li>
1021
1022 <li>2012
1023 <ul>
1024
1025 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/01/">January (7)</a></li>
1026
1027 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/02/">February (10)</a></li>
1028
1029 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/03/">March (17)</a></li>
1030
1031 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/04/">April (12)</a></li>
1032
1033 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/05/">May (12)</a></li>
1034
1035 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/06/">June (20)</a></li>
1036
1037 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/07/">July (17)</a></li>
1038
1039 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/08/">August (6)</a></li>
1040
1041 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/09/">September (9)</a></li>
1042
1043 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/10/">October (17)</a></li>
1044
1045 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/11/">November (10)</a></li>
1046
1047 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/12/">December (7)</a></li>
1048
1049 </ul></li>
1050
1051 <li>2011
1052 <ul>
1053
1054 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/01/">January (16)</a></li>
1055
1056 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/02/">February (6)</a></li>
1057
1058 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/03/">March (6)</a></li>
1059
1060 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/04/">April (7)</a></li>
1061
1062 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/05/">May (3)</a></li>
1063
1064 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/06/">June (2)</a></li>
1065
1066 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/07/">July (7)</a></li>
1067
1068 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/08/">August (6)</a></li>
1069
1070 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/09/">September (4)</a></li>
1071
1072 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/10/">October (2)</a></li>
1073
1074 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/11/">November (3)</a></li>
1075
1076 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/12/">December (1)</a></li>
1077
1078 </ul></li>
1079
1080 <li>2010
1081 <ul>
1082
1083 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/01/">January (2)</a></li>
1084
1085 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/02/">February (1)</a></li>
1086
1087 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/03/">March (3)</a></li>
1088
1089 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/04/">April (3)</a></li>
1090
1091 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/05/">May (9)</a></li>
1092
1093 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/06/">June (14)</a></li>
1094
1095 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/07/">July (12)</a></li>
1096
1097 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/08/">August (13)</a></li>
1098
1099 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/09/">September (7)</a></li>
1100
1101 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/10/">October (9)</a></li>
1102
1103 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/11/">November (13)</a></li>
1104
1105 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/12/">December (12)</a></li>
1106
1107 </ul></li>
1108
1109 <li>2009
1110 <ul>
1111
1112 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/01/">January (8)</a></li>
1113
1114 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/02/">February (8)</a></li>
1115
1116 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/03/">March (12)</a></li>
1117
1118 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/04/">April (10)</a></li>
1119
1120 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/05/">May (9)</a></li>
1121
1122 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/06/">June (3)</a></li>
1123
1124 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/07/">July (4)</a></li>
1125
1126 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/08/">August (3)</a></li>
1127
1128 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/09/">September (1)</a></li>
1129
1130 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/10/">October (2)</a></li>
1131
1132 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/11/">November (3)</a></li>
1133
1134 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/12/">December (3)</a></li>
1135
1136 </ul></li>
1137
1138 <li>2008
1139 <ul>
1140
1141 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2008/11/">November (5)</a></li>
1142
1143 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2008/12/">December (7)</a></li>
1144
1145 </ul></li>
1146
1147 </ul>
1148
1149
1150
1151 <h2>Tags</h2>
1152 <ul>
1153
1154  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/3d-printer">3d-printer (19)</a></li>
1155
1156  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/amiga">amiga (1)</a></li>
1157
1158  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/aros">aros (1)</a></li>
1159
1160  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bankid">bankid (4)</a></li>
1161
1162  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/betalkontant">betalkontant (9)</a></li>
1163
1164  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bitcoin">bitcoin (12)</a></li>
1165
1166  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bootsystem">bootsystem (17)</a></li>
1167
1168  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bsa">bsa (2)</a></li>
1169
1170  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/chrpath">chrpath (2)</a></li>
1171
1172  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian (195)</a></li>
1173
1174  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian edu">debian edu (159)</a></li>
1175
1176  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian-handbook">debian-handbook (9)</a></li>
1177
1178  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/digistan">digistan (11)</a></li>
1179
1180  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/dld">dld (18)</a></li>
1181
1182  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/docbook">docbook (32)</a></li>
1183
1184  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/drivstoffpriser">drivstoffpriser (4)</a></li>
1185
1186  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english (452)</a></li>
1187
1188  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/fiksgatami">fiksgatami (23)</a></li>
1189
1190  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/fildeling">fildeling (14)</a></li>
1191
1192  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/freeculture">freeculture (34)</a></li>
1193
1194  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/freedombox">freedombox (9)</a></li>
1195
1196  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/frikanalen">frikanalen (20)</a></li>
1197
1198  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/h264">h264 (20)</a></li>
1199
1200  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/intervju">intervju (43)</a></li>
1201
1202  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/isenkram">isenkram (16)</a></li>
1203
1204  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/kart">kart (23)</a></li>
1205
1206  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/kodi">kodi (6)</a></li>
1207
1208  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ldap">ldap (9)</a></li>
1209
1210  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/lego">lego (5)</a></li>
1211
1212  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/lenker">lenker (8)</a></li>
1213
1214  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/linuxcnc">linuxcnc (5)</a></li>
1215
1216  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/lsdvd">lsdvd (2)</a></li>
1217
1218  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ltsp">ltsp (1)</a></li>
1219
1220  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/madewithcc">madewithcc (3)</a></li>
1221
1222  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/mesh network">mesh network (8)</a></li>
1223
1224  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/multimedia">multimedia (46)</a></li>
1225
1226  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/nice free software">nice free software (15)</a></li>
1227
1228  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/noark5">noark5 (23)</a></li>
1229
1230  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/norsk">norsk (322)</a></li>
1231
1232  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/nuug">nuug (198)</a></li>
1233
1234  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/offentlig innsyn">offentlig innsyn (40)</a></li>
1235
1236  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/open311">open311 (2)</a></li>
1237
1238  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/opensnitch">opensnitch (4)</a></li>
1239
1240  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/opphavsrett">opphavsrett (75)</a></li>
1241
1242  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/personvern">personvern (114)</a></li>
1243
1244  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/raid">raid (2)</a></li>
1245
1246  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/reactos">reactos (1)</a></li>
1247
1248  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/reprap">reprap (11)</a></li>
1249
1250  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/rfid">rfid (3)</a></li>
1251
1252  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/robot">robot (17)</a></li>
1253
1254  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/rss">rss (1)</a></li>
1255
1256  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ruter">ruter (7)</a></li>
1257
1258  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/scraperwiki">scraperwiki (2)</a></li>
1259
1260  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sikkerhet">sikkerhet (59)</a></li>
1261
1262  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sitesummary">sitesummary (4)</a></li>
1263
1264  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/skepsis">skepsis (5)</a></li>
1265
1266  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/standard">standard (74)</a></li>
1267
1268  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/stavekontroll">stavekontroll (7)</a></li>
1269
1270  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/stortinget">stortinget (14)</a></li>
1271
1272  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/surveillance">surveillance (64)</a></li>
1273
1274  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sysadmin">sysadmin (5)</a></li>
1275
1276  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/usenix">usenix (2)</a></li>
1277
1278  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/valg">valg (9)</a></li>
1279
1280  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/verkidetfri">verkidetfri (20)</a></li>
1281
1282  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/video">video (79)</a></li>
1283
1284  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/vitenskap">vitenskap (4)</a></li>
1285
1286  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/web">web (42)</a></li>
1287
1288 </ul>
1289
1290
1291     </div>
1292     <p style="text-align: right">
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