From fea5a23ceef118966f3878f3e55f3d82a688374a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Petter Reinholdtsen Date: Fri, 7 Sep 2018 06:23:37 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] Updated based on new pot file. --- po/de/mwcc.po | 4989 ++++++++++++++--------------- po/es/mwcc.po | 8298 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++---------------- po/nb/mwcc.po | 8056 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++---------------- po/nl/mwcc.po | 5012 ++++++++++++++--------------- po/pl/mwcc.po | 5105 +++++++++++++++--------------- po/sv/mwcc.po | 7211 +++++++++++++++++++++--------------------- po/uk/mwcc.po | 4989 ++++++++++++++--------------- 7 files changed, 24900 insertions(+), 18760 deletions(-) diff --git a/po/de/mwcc.po b/po/de/mwcc.po index 546760c..807a321 100644 --- a/po/de/mwcc.po +++ b/po/de/mwcc.po @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: Made with Creative Commons 20170609-2\n" -"POT-Creation-Date: 2018-03-12 07:43+0000\n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2018-09-07 06:21+0000\n" "PO-Revision-Date: 2018-09-04 16:17+0000\n" "Last-Translator: ssantos \n" "Language-Team: German I don’t know a whole lot about nonfiction journalism. . . The way " +"that I think about these things, and in terms of what I can do is. . . " +"essays like this are occasions to watch somebody reasonably bright but also " +"reasonably average pay far closer attention and think at far more length " +"about all sorts of different stuff than most of us have a chance to in our " +"daily lives." msgstr "" "„Ich weiß nicht viel über Sachbuch-Journalismus... Die Weise, mit der ich " "über diese Themen denke und insbesondere in Bezug darauf, was ich tun kann, " @@ -215,17 +215,17 @@ msgstr "" "meisten von uns es in unserem Alltag tun könnten.“" #. type: Content of:
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:102 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:103 msgid "— David Foster Wallace" msgstr "— David Foster Wallace" #. type: Content of: -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:107 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:108 msgid "Foreword" msgstr "Vorwort" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:109 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:110 #, fuzzy msgid "" "Three years ago, just after I was hired as CEO of Creative Commons, I met " @@ -233,7 +233,8 @@ msgid "" "CC’s most well-known proponents—one who has also had a successful career as " "a writer who shares his work using CC—I told him I thought CC had a role in " "defining and advancing open business models. He kindly disagreed, and called " -"the pursuit of viable business models through CC “a red herring.”" +"the pursuit of viable business models through CC <quote>a red herring.</" +"quote>" msgstr "" "Vor drei Jahren, kurz nachdem ich als CEO von Creative Commons eingestellt " "wurde, traf ich mich mit Cory Doctorow in der Hotelbar des Gladstone Hotels " @@ -245,14 +246,14 @@ msgstr "" "unter CC eine „falsche Fährte“." #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:118 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:119 #, fuzzy msgid "" "He was, in a way, completely correct—those who make things with Creative " "Commons have ulterior motives, as Paul Stacey explains in this book: " -"“Regardless of legal status, they all have a social mission. Their primary " -"reason for being is to make the world a better place, not to profit. Money " -"is a means to a social end, not the end itself.”" +"<quote>Regardless of legal status, they all have a social mission. Their " +"primary reason for being is to make the world a better place, not to profit. " +"Money is a means to a social end, not the end itself.</quote>" msgstr "" "Er lag im gewisser Weise komplett richtig. Diejenigen, die Dinge unter CC " "veröffentlichen, haben Hintergedanken, wie Paul Stacey in diesem Buch " @@ -262,17 +263,17 @@ msgstr "" "Gesellschaft und kein Selbstzweck.“" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:126 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:127 msgid "" "In the case study about Cory Doctorow, Sarah Hinchliff Pearson cites Cory’s " -"words from his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: “Entering the arts " -"because you want to get rich is like buying lottery tickets because you want " -"to get rich. It might work, but it almost certainly won’t. Though, of " -"course, someone always wins the lottery.”" +"words from his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: <quote>Entering the " +"arts because you want to get rich is like buying lottery tickets because you " +"want to get rich. It might work, but it almost certainly won’t. Though, of " +"course, someone always wins the lottery.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:134 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:135 msgid "" "Today, copyright is like a lottery ticket—everyone has one, and almost " "nobody wins. What they don’t tell you is that if you choose to share your " @@ -283,16 +284,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:143 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:144 msgid "" "So it’s not about the money. Also: it is. Finding the means to continue to " "create and share often requires some amount of income. Max Temkin of Cards " -"Against Humanity says it best in their case study: “We don’t make jokes and " -"games to make money—we make money so we can make more jokes and games.”" +"Against Humanity says it best in their case study: <quote>We don’t make " +"jokes and games to make money—we make money so we can make more jokes and " +"games.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:150 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:151 msgid "" "Creative Commons’ focus is on building a vibrant, usable commons, powered by " "collaboration and gratitude. Enabling communities of collaboration is at the " @@ -303,7 +305,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:159 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:160 msgid "" "Paul dreams of a future where new models of creativity and innovation " "overpower the inequality and scarcity that today define the worst parts of " @@ -315,7 +317,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:168 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:169 msgid "" "Sarah is the best kind of lawyer—a true advocate who believes in the good of " "people, and the power of collective acts to change the world. Over the past " @@ -328,7 +330,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:180 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:181 msgid "" "As coauthors, Paul and Sarah complement each other perfectly. They " "researched, analyzed, argued, and worked as a team, sometimes together and " @@ -341,7 +343,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:191 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:192 msgid "" "From the beginning, CC wanted to develop this project with the principles " "and values of open collaboration. The book was funded, developed, " @@ -351,7 +353,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:199 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:200 msgid "" "For 31 days in August of 2015, Sarah took point to organize and execute a " "Kickstarter campaign to generate the core funding for the book. The " @@ -362,7 +364,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:208 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:209 msgid "" "Paul and Sarah worked openly throughout the project, publishing the plans, " "drafts, case studies, and analysis, early and often, and they engaged " @@ -374,7 +376,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:218 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:219 msgid "" "Those who work and share in the commons are not typical creators. They are " "part of something greater than themselves, and what they offer us all is a " @@ -382,7 +384,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:224 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:225 msgid "" "Jonathan Mann, who is profiled in this book, writes a song a day. When I " "reached out to ask him to write a song for our Kickstarter (and to offer " @@ -393,23 +395,23 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:233 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:234 msgid "" -"Sarah writes, “Endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons thrive when " -"community is built around what they do. This may mean a community " +"Sarah writes, <quote>Endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons thrive " +"when community is built around what they do. This may mean a community " "collaborating together to create something new, or it may simply be a " "collection of like-minded people who get to know each other and rally around " "common interests or beliefs. To a certain extent, simply being Made with " "Creative Commons automatically brings with it some element of community, by " "helping connect you to like-minded others who recognize and are drawn to the " -"values symbolized by using CC.” Amanda Palmer, the other musician profiled " -"in the book, would surely add this from her case study: “There is no more " -"satisfying end goal than having someone tell you that what you do is " -"genuinely of value to them.”" +"values symbolized by using CC.</quote> Amanda Palmer, the other musician " +"profiled in the book, would surely add this from her case study: " +"<quote>There is no more satisfying end goal than having someone tell you " +"that what you do is genuinely of value to them.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:247 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:248 msgid "" "This is not a typical business book. For those looking for a recipe or a " "roadmap, you might be disappointed. But for those looking to pursue a social " @@ -421,56 +423,56 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:257 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:258 msgid "" -"In a 1996 Stanford Law Review article “The Zones of Cyberspace”, CC founder " -"Lawrence Lessig wrote, “Cyberspace is a place. People live there. They " -"experience all the sorts of things that they experience in real space, " -"there. For some, they experience more. They experience this not as isolated " -"individuals, playing some high tech computer game; they experience it in " -"groups, in communities, among strangers, among people they come to know, and " -"sometimes like.”" +"In a 1996 Stanford Law Review article <quote>The Zones of Cyberspace</" +"quote>, CC founder Lawrence Lessig wrote, <quote>Cyberspace is a place. " +"People live there. They experience all the sorts of things that they " +"experience in real space, there. For some, they experience more. They " +"experience this not as isolated individuals, playing some high tech computer " +"game; they experience it in groups, in communities, among strangers, among " +"people they come to know, and sometimes like.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:266 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:268 msgid "" "I’m incredibly proud that Creative Commons is able to publish this book for " "the many communities that we have come to know and like. I’m grateful to " "Paul and Sarah for their creativity and insights, and to the global " "communities that have helped us bring it to you. As CC board member " -"Johnathan Nightingale often says, “It’s all made of people.”" +"Johnathan Nightingale often says, <quote>It’s all made of people.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:274 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:276 msgid "That’s the true value of things that are Made with Creative Commons." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:277 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:279 msgid "<emphasis>Ryan Merkley</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:280 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:282 msgid "<emphasis>CEO, Creative Commons</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:284 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:286 msgid "Introduction" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:286 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:288 msgid "" "This book shows the world how sharing can be good for business—but with a " "twist." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:290 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:292 msgid "" "We began the project intending to explore how creators, organizations, and " "businesses make money to sustain what they do when they share their work " @@ -478,13 +480,13 @@ msgid "" "business models that use Creative Commons but instead gather fresh ideas and " "dynamic examples that spark new, innovative models and help others follow " "suit by building on what already works. At the onset, we framed our " -"investigation in familiar business terms. We created a blank “open business " -"model canvas,” an interactive online tool that would help people design and " -"analyze their business model." +"investigation in familiar business terms. We created a blank <quote>open " +"business model canvas,</quote> an interactive online tool that would help " +"people design and analyze their business model." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:302 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:304 msgid "" "Through the generous funding of Kickstarter backers, we set about this " "project first by identifying and selecting a diverse group of creators, " @@ -494,14 +496,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:310 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:312 msgid "" "But as we did our research, something interesting happened. Our initial way " "of framing the work did not match the stories we were hearing." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:315 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:317 msgid "" "Those we interviewed were not typical businesses selling to consumers and " "seeking to maximize profits and the bottom line. Instead, they were sharing " @@ -511,17 +513,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:323 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:325 msgid "" "They often didn’t like hearing what they do described as an open business " "model. Their endeavor was something more than that. Something different. " "Something that generates not just economic value but social and cultural " "value. Something that involves human connection. Being Made with Creative " -"Commons is not “business as usual.”" +"Commons is not <quote>business as usual.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:331 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:333 msgid "" "We had to rethink the way we conceived of this project. And it didn’t happen " "overnight. From the fall of 2015 through 2016, we documented our thoughts in " @@ -532,7 +534,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:340 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:342 msgid "" "Throughout the process, the two of us have often had very different ways of " "understanding and describing what we were learning. Learning from each other " @@ -544,14 +546,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:350 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:352 msgid "" "While we recommend that you read the book from start to finish, each section " "reads more or less independently. The book is structured into two main parts." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:355 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:357 msgid "" "Part one, the overview, begins with a big-picture framework written by Paul. " "He provides some historical context for the digital commons, describing the " @@ -562,7 +564,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:363 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:365 msgid "" "The overview continues with Sarah’s chapter, as she considers what it means " "to be successfully Made with Creative Commons. While making money is one " @@ -574,7 +576,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:373 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:375 msgid "" "And to end part one, we have a short section that explains the different " "Creative Commons licenses. We talk about the misconception that the more " @@ -583,7 +585,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:380 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:382 msgid "" "Part two of the book is made up of the twenty-four stories of the creators, " "businesses, and organizations we interviewed. While both of us participated " @@ -591,7 +593,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:386 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:388 msgid "" "Of course, we are pleased to make the book available using a Creative " "Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license. Please copy, distribute, translate, " @@ -599,7 +601,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:391 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:393 msgid "" "Writing this book has transformed and inspired us. The way we now look at " "and think about what it means to be Made with Creative Commons has " @@ -609,45 +611,45 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:398 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:400 msgid "<emphasis>Paul and Sarah </emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:402 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:404 msgid "The Big Picture" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:404 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:406 msgid "The New World of Digital Commons" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:406 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:408 msgid "Paul Stacey" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:416 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:418 msgid "" "Jonathan Rowe, Our Common Wealth (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013), 14." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:409 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:411 msgid "" -"Jonathan Rowe eloquently describes the commons as “the air and oceans, the " -"web of species, wilderness and flowing water—all are parts of the commons. " -"So are language and knowledge, sidewalks and public squares, the stories of " -"childhood and the processes of democracy. Some parts of the commons are " -"gifts of nature, others the product of human endeavor. Some are new, such as " -"the Internet; others are as ancient as soil and calligraphy.”<placeholder " -"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"Jonathan Rowe eloquently describes the commons as <quote>the air and oceans, " +"the web of species, wilderness and flowing water—all are parts of the " +"commons. So are language and knowledge, sidewalks and public squares, the " +"stories of childhood and the processes of democracy. Some parts of the " +"commons are gifts of nature, others the product of human endeavor. Some are " +"new, such as the Internet; others are as ancient as soil and calligraphy.</" +"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:421 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:423 msgid "" "In Made with Creative Commons, we focus on our current era of digital " "commons, a commons of human-produced works. This commons cuts across a broad " @@ -660,19 +662,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:436 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:438 msgid "" "David Bollier, Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of " "the Commons (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014), 176." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:444 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:446 msgid "Ibid., 15." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:432 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:434 msgid "" "The commons is not just about shared resources, however. It’s also about the " "social practices and values that manage them. A resource is a noun, but to " @@ -687,17 +689,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:451 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:453 msgid "The Commons, the Market, and the State" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:457 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:459 msgid "Ibid., 145." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:453 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:455 msgid "" "Historically, there have been three ways to manage resources and share " "wealth: the commons (managed collectively), the state (i.e., the " @@ -706,12 +708,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:466 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:468 msgid "Ibid., 175." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:461 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:463 msgid "" "The organizations and businesses in our case studies are unique in the way " "they participate in the commons while still engaging with the market and/or " @@ -724,14 +726,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:473 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:475 msgid "" "Fig. 1. is a depiction of how an enterprise can have varying levels of " "engagement with commons, state, and market." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:477 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:479 msgid "" "Some of our case studies are simply commons and market enterprises with " "little or no engagement with the state. A depiction of those case studies " @@ -744,7 +746,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:488 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:490 msgid "" "All our case studies generate money as a means of livelihood and " "sustainability. Money is primarily of the market. Finding ways to generate " @@ -755,7 +757,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:497 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:499 msgid "" "The state has an important role to play in fostering the use and adoption of " "the commons. State programs and funding can deliberately contribute to and " @@ -764,28 +766,28 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><textobject><phrase> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:504 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:511 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:506 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:513 msgid "Enterprise engagement with commons, state and market." msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:508 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:510 msgid "Pictures/10000201000008000000045C30360249076453E6.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:506 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:555 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:673 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:802 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:844 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:929 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:508 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:557 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:675 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:804 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:846 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:934 msgid "<placeholder type=\"mediaobject\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:517 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:519 msgid "" "It’s helpful to understand how the commons, market, and state manage " "resources differently, and not just for those who consider themselves " @@ -797,21 +799,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:528 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:530 msgid "The Four Aspects of a Resource" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:533 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:535 msgid "" -"Daniel H. Cole, “Learning from Lin: Lessons and Cautions from the Natural " -"Commons for the Knowledge Commons,” in Governing Knowledge Commons, eds. " -"Brett M. Frischmann, Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg (New " -"York: Oxford University Press, 2014), 53." +"Daniel H. Cole, <quote>Learning from Lin: Lessons and Cautions from the " +"Natural Commons for the Knowledge Commons,</quote> in Governing Knowledge " +"Commons, eds. Brett M. Frischmann, Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. " +"Strandburg (New York: Oxford University Press, 2014), 53." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:530 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:532 msgid "" "As part of her Nobel Prize–winning work, Elinor Ostrom developed a framework " "for analyzing how natural resources are managed in a commons.<placeholder " @@ -823,7 +825,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:546 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:548 msgid "" "To compare and contrast the ways in which the commons, market, and state " "work, let’s consider four aspects of resource management: resource " @@ -833,23 +835,23 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><textobject><phrase> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:554 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:560 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:556 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:562 msgid "Four aspects of resource management" msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:557 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:559 msgid "Pictures/10000201000007D0000007D0ACF13F8B71EAF0B9.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:566 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:568 msgid "Characteristics" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:568 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:570 msgid "" "Resources have particular characteristics or attributes that affect the way " "they can be used. Some resources are natural; others are human produced. And—" @@ -858,7 +860,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:575 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:577 msgid "" "Physical resources exist in limited supply. If I have a physical resource " "and give it to you, I no longer have it. When a resource is removed and " @@ -870,7 +872,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:586 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:588 msgid "" "Physical resources are depletable, exclusive, and rivalrous. Digital " "resources, on the other hand, are nondepletable, nonexclusive, and " @@ -882,7 +884,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:596 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:598 msgid "" "The nondepletable, nonexclusive, and nonrivalrous nature of digital " "resources means the rules and norms for managing them can (and ought to) be " @@ -892,7 +894,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:604 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:606 msgid "" "Our case studies frequently manage hybrid resources, which start out as " "digital with the possibility of being made into a physical resource. The " @@ -904,7 +906,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:615 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:617 msgid "" "Beyond this idea of physical versus digital, the commons, market, and state " "conceive of resources differently (see Fig. 3). The market sees resources " @@ -916,12 +918,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:626 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:628 msgid "People and processes" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:628 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:630 msgid "" "In the commons, the market, and the state, different people and processes " "are used to manage resources. The processes used define both who has a say " @@ -929,7 +931,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:633 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:635 msgid "" "In the state, a government of elected officials is responsible for managing " "resources on behalf of the public. The citizens who produce and use those " @@ -940,7 +942,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:642 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:644 msgid "" "In the market, the people involved are producers, buyers, sellers, and " "consumers. Businesses act as intermediaries between those who produce " @@ -951,14 +953,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:653 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:655 msgid "" "Max Haiven, Crises of Imagination, Crises of Power: Capitalism, Creativity " "and the Commons (New York: Zed Books, 2014), 93." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:651 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:653 msgid "" "In contrast to the state and market, resources in a commons are managed more " "directly by the people involved.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> " @@ -975,23 +977,23 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><mediaobject><textobject><phrase> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:671 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:678 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:673 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:680 msgid "How the market, commons and state concieve of resources." msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:675 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:677 msgid "Pictures/10000201000009C40000065D9EC4F530BD4DFBE0.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:685 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:687 msgid "Norms and rules" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:687 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:689 msgid "" "The social interactions between people, and the processes used by the state, " "market, and commons, evolve social norms and rules. These norms and rules " @@ -999,7 +1001,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:693 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:695 msgid "" "State authority is governed by national constitutions. Norms related to " "priorities and decision making are defined by elected officials and " @@ -1009,7 +1011,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:701 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:703 msgid "" "Market norms are influenced by economics and competition for scarce " "resources. Market rules follow property, business, and financial laws " @@ -1017,12 +1019,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:713 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:715 msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 175." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:706 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:708 msgid "" "As with the market, a commons can be influenced by state policies, " "regulations, and laws. But the norms and rules of a commons are largely " @@ -1033,12 +1035,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:718 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:720 msgid "Goals" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:720 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:722 msgid "" "The combination of the aspects we’ve discussed so far—the resource’s " "inherent characteristics, people and processes, and norms and rules—shape " @@ -1047,16 +1049,16 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:732 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:734 msgid "" -"Joshua Farley and Ida Kubiszewski, “The Economics of Information in a Post-" -"Carbon Economy,” in Free Knowledge: Confronting the Commodification of Human " -"Discovery, eds. Patricia W. Elliott and Daryl H. Hepting (Regina, SK: " -"University of Regina Press, 2015), 201–4." +"Joshua Farley and Ida Kubiszewski, <quote>The Economics of Information in a " +"Post-Carbon Economy,</quote> in Free Knowledge: Confronting the " +"Commodification of Human Discovery, eds. Patricia W. Elliott and Daryl H. " +"Hepting (Regina, SK: University of Regina Press, 2015), 201–4." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:727 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:729 msgid "" "In the market, the focus is on maximizing the utility of a resource. What we " "pay for the goods we consume is seen as an objective measure of the utility " @@ -1067,7 +1069,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:742 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:744 msgid "" "The state aims to use and manage resources in a way that balances the " "economy with the social and cultural needs of its citizens. Health care, " @@ -1078,7 +1080,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:751 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:753 msgid "" "In the commons, the goal is maximizing access, equity, distribution, " "participation, innovation, and sustainability. You can measure success by " @@ -1089,7 +1091,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:760 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:762 msgid "" "As hybrid combinations of the commons with the market or state, the success " "and sustainability of all our case study enterprises depends on their " @@ -1098,12 +1100,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:768 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:770 msgid "A Short History of the Commons" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:770 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:772 msgid "" "Using the commons to manage resources is part of a long historical " "continuum. However, in contemporary society, the market and the state " @@ -1114,7 +1116,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:779 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:781 msgid "" "But the more than 1.1 billion resources licensed with Creative Commons " "around the world are indications of a grassroots move toward the commons. " @@ -1124,7 +1126,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:790 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:792 msgid "" "Rowe, Our Common Wealth, 19; and Heather Menzies, Reclaiming the Commons for " "the Common Good: A Memoir and Manifesto (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, " @@ -1132,7 +1134,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:786 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:788 msgid "" "For centuries, indigenous people and preindustrialized societies managed " "resources, including water, food, firewood, irrigation, fish, wild game, and " @@ -1145,23 +1147,23 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><textobject><phrase> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:801 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:807 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:803 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:809 msgid "In preindustrialized society." msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:804 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:806 msgid "Pictures/10000201000009C4000005153EACBD62F00F6BA9.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:816 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:818 msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 55–78." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:820 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:822 msgid "" "Fritjof Capra and Ugo Mattei, The Ecology of Law: Toward a Legal System in " "Tune with Nature and Community (Oakland, CA: Berrett-Koehler, 2015), 46–57; " @@ -1169,19 +1171,20 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:813 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:815 msgid "" "This is followed by a long history of the state (a monarchy or ruler) taking " "over the commons for their own purposes. This is called enclosure of the " -"commons.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> In olden days, “commoners” " -"were evicted from the land, fences and hedges erected, laws passed, and " -"security set up to forbid access.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> " -"Gradually, resources became the property of the state and the state became " -"the primary means by which resources were managed. (See Fig. 5)." +"commons.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> In olden days, " +"<quote>commoners</quote> were evicted from the land, fences and hedges " +"erected, laws passed, and security set up to forbid access.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> Gradually, resources became the property of the " +"state and the state became the primary means by which resources were " +"managed. (See Fig. 5)." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:829 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:831 msgid "" "Holdings of land, water, and game were distributed to ruling family and " "political appointees. Commoners displaced from the land migrated to cities. " @@ -1196,54 +1199,54 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><textobject><phrase> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:843 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:849 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:845 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:851 msgid "The commons is gradually superseded by the state." msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:846 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:848 msgid "Pictures/10000201000009C4000005150F069409C1CC12F0.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:855 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:857 msgid "" "However, the world today is going through turbulent times. The benefits of " "the market have been offset by unequal distribution and overexploitation." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:860 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:862 msgid "" -"Overexploitation was the topic of Garrett Hardin’s influential essay “The " -"Tragedy of the Commons,” published in Science in 1968. Hardin argues that " -"everyone in a commons seeks to maximize personal gain and will continue to " -"do so even when the limits of the commons are reached. The commons is then " -"tragically depleted to the point where it can no longer support anyone. " -"Hardin’s essay became widely accepted as an economic truism and a " -"justification for private property and free markets." +"Overexploitation was the topic of Garrett Hardin’s influential essay " +"<quote>The Tragedy of the Commons,</quote> published in Science in 1968. " +"Hardin argues that everyone in a commons seeks to maximize personal gain and " +"will continue to do so even when the limits of the commons are reached. The " +"commons is then tragically depleted to the point where it can no longer " +"support anyone. Hardin’s essay became widely accepted as an economic truism " +"and a justification for private property and free markets." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:887 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:890 msgid "" "Brett M. Frischmann, Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg, " -"“Governing Knowledge Commons,” in Frischmann, Madison, and Strandburg " -"Governing Knowledge Commons, 12." +"<quote>Governing Knowledge Commons,</quote> in Frischmann, Madison, and " +"Strandburg Governing Knowledge Commons, 12." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:870 -msgid "" -"However, there is one serious flaw with Hardin’s “The Tragedy of the " -"Commons”—it’s fiction. Hardin did not actually study how real commons work. " -"Elinor Ostrom won the 2009 Nobel Prize in economics for her work studying " -"different commons all around the world. Ostrom’s work shows that natural " -"resource commons can be successfully managed by local communities without " -"any regulation by central authorities or without privatization. Government " -"and privatization are not the only two choices. There is a third way: " -"management by the people, where those that are directly impacted are " +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:873 +msgid "" +"However, there is one serious flaw with Hardin’s <quote>The Tragedy of the " +"Commons</quote>—it’s fiction. Hardin did not actually study how real commons " +"work. Elinor Ostrom won the 2009 Nobel Prize in economics for her work " +"studying different commons all around the world. Ostrom’s work shows that " +"natural resource commons can be successfully managed by local communities " +"without any regulation by central authorities or without privatization. " +"Government and privatization are not the only two choices. There is a third " +"way: management by the people, where those that are directly impacted are " "directly involved. With natural resources, there is a regional locality. The " "people in the region are the most familiar with the natural resource, have " "the most direct relationship and history with it, and are therefore best " @@ -1254,7 +1257,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:893 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:897 msgid "" "Hardin failed to consider the actual social dynamic of the commons. His " "model assumed that people in the commons act autonomously, out of pure self-" @@ -1267,14 +1270,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:909 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:913 msgid "" -"Farley and Kubiszewski, “Economics of Information,” in Elliott and Hepting, " -"Free Knowledge, 203." +"Farley and Kubiszewski, <quote>Economics of Information,</quote> in Elliott " +"and Hepting, Free Knowledge, 203." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:905 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:909 msgid "" "Hardin’s story is based on the premise of depletable resources. Economists " "have focused almost exclusively on scarcity-based markets. Very little is " @@ -1288,7 +1291,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:920 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:925 msgid "" "When it comes to use of state funds to create digital goods, however, there " "is really no justification for artificial scarcity. The norm for state " @@ -1297,23 +1300,23 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><textobject><phrase> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:927 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:934 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:932 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:939 msgid "How the market, the state and the commons look today." msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:931 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:936 msgid "Pictures/10000201000009C400000515F1CAA15B223F6BAF.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:941 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:946 msgid "The Digital Revolution" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:943 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:948 msgid "" "In the early days of computing, programmers and developers learned from each " "other by sharing software. In the 1980s, the free-software movement codified " @@ -1321,12 +1324,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:951 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:956 msgid "The freedom to run a software program as you wish, for any purpose." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:957 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:962 msgid "" "The freedom to study how a software program works (because access to the " "source code has been freely given), and change it so it does your computing " @@ -1334,40 +1337,41 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:964 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:969 msgid "The freedom to redistribute copies." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:971 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:975 msgid "" -"“What Is Free Software?” GNU Operating System, the Free Software " -"Foundation’s Licensing and Compliance Lab, accessed December 30, 2016, " -"<ulink url=\"http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw\"/>." +"<quote>What Is Free Software?</quote> GNU Operating System, the Free " +"Software Foundation’s Licensing and Compliance Lab, accessed December 30, " +"2016, <ulink url=\"http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:969 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:974 msgid "" "The freedom to distribute copies of your modified versions to others." "<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:980 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:984 msgid "" "These principles and freedoms constitute a set of norms and rules that " "typify a digital commons." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:995 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:999 msgid "" -"Wikipedia, s.v. “Open-source software,” last modified November 22, 2016." +"Wikipedia, s.v. <quote>Open-source software,</quote> last modified November " +"22, 2016." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:984 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:988 msgid "" "In the late 1990s, to make the sharing of source code and collaboration more " "appealing to companies, the open-source-software initiative converted these " @@ -1384,29 +1388,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1010 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1014 msgid "" -"Eric S. Raymond, “The Magic Cauldron,” in The Cathedral and the Bazaar: " -"Musings on Linux and Open Source by an Accidental Revolutionary, rev. ed. " -"(Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, 2001), <ulink url=\"http://www.catb.org/esr/" -"writings/cathedral-bazaar/\"/>." +"Eric S. Raymond, <quote>The Magic Cauldron,</quote> in The Cathedral and the " +"Bazaar: Musings on Linux and Open Source by an Accidental Revolutionary, " +"rev. ed. (Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, 2001), <ulink url=\"http://www." +"catb.org/esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1002 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1006 msgid "" "While open-source software functions as a commons, many businesses and " "markets did build up around it. Business models based on the licenses and " "standards of open-source software evolved alongside organizations that " "managed software code on principles of abundance rather than scarcity. Eric " -"Raymond’s essay “The Magic Cauldron” does a great job of analyzing the " -"economics and business models associated with open-source software." -"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> These models can provide examples " -"of sustainable approaches for those Made with Creative Commons." +"Raymond’s essay <quote>The Magic Cauldron</quote> does a great job of " +"analyzing the economics and business models associated with open-source " +"software.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> These models can provide " +"examples of sustainable approaches for those Made with Creative Commons." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1019 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1023 msgid "" "It isn’t just about an abundant availability of digital assets but also " "about abundance of participation. The growth of personal computing, " @@ -1421,7 +1425,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1038 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1042 msgid "" "New York Times Customer Insight Group, The Psychology of Sharing: Why Do " "People Share Online? (New York: New York Times Customer Insight Group, " @@ -1429,7 +1433,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1032 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1036 msgid "" "But people like to share. One of the ways we define ourselves is by sharing " "valuable and entertaining content. Doing so grows and nourishes " @@ -1439,14 +1443,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1046 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1050 #, fuzzy #| msgid "Made With Creative Commons" msgid "The Birth of Creative Commons" msgstr "Gemacht Mit Creative Commons" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1048 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1052 msgid "" "In 2001, Creative Commons was created as a nonprofit to support all those " "who wanted to share digital content. A suite of Creative Commons licenses " @@ -1457,15 +1461,15 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1069 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1072 msgid "" -"“Licensing Considerations,” Creative Commons, accessed December 30, 2016, " -"<ulink url=\"http://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/licensing-" +"<quote>Licensing Considerations,</quote> Creative Commons, accessed December " +"30, 2016, <ulink url=\"http://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/licensing-" "considerations/\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1057 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1061 msgid "" "Creative Commons licenses have a three-layer design. The norms and rules of " "each license are first expressed in full legal language as used by lawyers. " @@ -1482,7 +1486,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1077 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1080 msgid "" "In 2015, there were over one billion Creative Commons licensed works in a " "global commons. These works were viewed online 136 billion times. People are " @@ -1492,14 +1496,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1090 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1093 msgid "" "Creative Commons, 2015 State of the Commons (Mountain View, CA: Creative " "Commons, 2015), <ulink url=\"http://stateof.creativecommons.org/2015/\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1085 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1088 msgid "" "Individual artists, photographers, musicians, and filmmakers use Creative " "Commons, but so do museums, governments, creative industries, manufacturers, " @@ -1511,7 +1515,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1098 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1101 msgid "" "Some see Creative Commons as a way to share a gift with others, a way of " "getting known, or a way to provide social benefit. Others are simply " @@ -1525,7 +1529,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1110 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1113 msgid "" "Over time, Creative Commons has spawned a range of open movements, including " "open educational resources, open access, open science, and open data. The " @@ -1535,15 +1539,15 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1123 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1126 msgid "" -"Wikipedia, s.v. “Open Government Partnership,” last modified September 24, " -"2016, <ulink url=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Government_Partnership" -"\"/>." +"Wikipedia, s.v. <quote>Open Government Partnership,</quote> last modified " +"September 24, 2016, <ulink url=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/" +"Open_Government_Partnership\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1118 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1121 msgid "" "The state is increasingly involved in supporting open movements. The Open " "Government Partnership was launched in 2011 to provide an international " @@ -1557,22 +1561,22 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1134 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1137 msgid "The Changing Market" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1142 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1145 msgid "Capra and Mattei, Ecology of Law, 114." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1150 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1153 msgid "Ibid., 116." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1136 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1139 msgid "" "Today’s market is largely driven by global capitalism. Law and financial " "systems are structured to support extraction, privatization, and corporate " @@ -1588,15 +1592,15 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1160 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1163 msgid "" -"The Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency, “Stockholm " -"Statement” accessed February 15, 2017, <ulink url=\"http://sida.se/" +"The Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency, <quote>Stockholm " +"Statement</quote> accessed February 15, 2017, <ulink url=\"http://sida.se/" "globalassets/sida/eng/press/stockholm-statement.pdf\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1154 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1157 msgid "" "In light of these challenges there is a growing recognition that GDP growth " "should not be an end in itself, that development needs to be socially and " @@ -1606,7 +1610,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1171 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1175 msgid "" "City of Bologna, Regulation on Collaboration between Citizens and the City " "for the Care and Regeneration of Urban Commons, trans. LabGov (LABoratory " @@ -1617,7 +1621,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1181 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1185 msgid "" "The Seoul Sharing City website is <ulink url=\"http://english.sharehub.kr\"/" ">; for Amsterdam Sharing City, go to <ulink url=\"http://www.sharenl.nl/" @@ -1625,27 +1629,27 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1166 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1170 msgid "" "These realizations have led to a resurgence of interest in the commons as a " "means of enabling that balance. City governments like Bologna, Italy, are " "collaborating with their citizens to put in place regulations for the care " "and regeneration of urban commons.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> " -"Seoul and Amsterdam call themselves “sharing cities,” looking to make " -"sustainable and more efficient use of scarce resources. They see sharing as " -"a way to improve the use of public spaces, mobility, social cohesion, and " -"safety.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" +"Seoul and Amsterdam call themselves <quote>sharing cities,</quote> looking " +"to make sustainable and more efficient use of scarce resources. They see " +"sharing as a way to improve the use of public spaces, mobility, social " +"cohesion, and safety.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1198 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1202 msgid "" "Tom Slee, What’s Yours Is Mine: Against the Sharing Economy (New York: OR " "Books, 2015), 42." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1188 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1192 msgid "" "The market itself has taken an interest in the sharing economy, with " "businesses like Airbnb providing a peer-to-peer marketplace for short-term " @@ -1665,7 +1669,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1220 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1224 msgid "" "Chris Anderson, Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by Giving " "Something for Nothing, Reprint with new preface. (New York: Hyperion, " @@ -1673,7 +1677,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1210 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1214 msgid "" "One way Made with Creative Commons case studies differ from those of the " "sharing economy is their focus on digital resources. Digital resources " @@ -1687,7 +1691,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1226 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1230 msgid "" "Those that are Made with Creative Commons are looking to leverage the unique " "inherent characteristics of digital resources, including lowering costs. The " @@ -1702,7 +1706,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1245 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1249 msgid "" "Jeremy Rifkin, The Zero Marginal Cost Society: The Internet of Things, the " "Collaborative Commons, and the Eclipse of Capitalism (New York: Palgrave " @@ -1710,7 +1714,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1240 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1244 msgid "" "The incremental cost of storing, copying, and distributing digital goods is " "next to zero, making abundance possible. But imagining a market based on " @@ -1722,7 +1726,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1253 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1257 msgid "" "Some are looking to minimize their interactions with the market and operate " "as autonomously as possible. Others are operating largely as a business " @@ -1731,7 +1735,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1267 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1271 msgid "" "Gar Alperovitz, What Then Must We Do? Straight Talk about the Next American " "Revolution: Democratizing Wealth and Building a Community-Sustaining Economy " @@ -1739,14 +1743,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1276 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1280 msgid "" "Marjorie Kelly, Owning Our Future: The Emerging Ownership Revolution; " "Journeys to a Generative Economy (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2012), 8–9." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1260 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1264 msgid "" "For an ordinary corporation, making social benefit a part of its operations " "is difficult, as it’s legally required to make decisions that financially " @@ -1761,7 +1765,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1289 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1292 msgid "" "Alex Osterwalder and Yves Pigneur, Business Model Generation (Hoboken, NJ: " "John Wiley and Sons, 2010). A preview of the book is available at <ulink url=" @@ -1769,50 +1773,51 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1282 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1285 msgid "" -"“A book on open business models” is how we described it in this book’s " -"Kickstarter campaign. We used a handbook called Business Model Generation as " -"our reference for defining just what a business model is. Developed over " -"nine years using an “open process” involving 470 coauthors from forty-five " -"countries, it is useful as a framework for talking about business models." -"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"<quote>A book on open business models</quote> is how we described it in this " +"book’s Kickstarter campaign. We used a handbook called Business Model " +"Generation as our reference for defining just what a business model is. " +"Developed over nine years using an <quote>open process</quote> involving 470 " +"coauthors from forty-five countries, it is useful as a framework for talking " +"about business models.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1298 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1302 msgid "" "This business model canvas is available to download at <ulink url=\"http://" "strategyzer.com/canvas/business-model-canvas\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1306 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1310 msgid "" -"We’ve made the “Open Business Model Canvas,” designed by the coauthor Paul " -"Stacey, available online at <ulink url=\"http://docs.google.com/drawings/" -"d/1QOIDa2qak7wZSSOa4Wv6qVMO77IwkKHN7CYyq0wHivs/edit\"/>. You can also find " -"the accompanying Open Business Model Canvas Questions at <ulink url=\"http://" -"docs.google.com/drawings/d/1kACK7TkoJgsM18HUWCbX9xuQ0Byna4plSVZXZGTtays/edit" -"\"/>." +"We’ve made the <quote>Open Business Model Canvas,</quote> designed by the " +"coauthor Paul Stacey, available online at <ulink url=\"http://docs.google." +"com/drawings/d/1QOIDa2qak7wZSSOa4Wv6qVMO77IwkKHN7CYyq0wHivs/edit\"/>. You " +"can also find the accompanying Open Business Model Canvas Questions at " +"<ulink url=\"http://docs.google.com/drawings/" +"d/1kACK7TkoJgsM18HUWCbX9xuQ0Byna4plSVZXZGTtays/edit\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1296 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1299 msgid "" -"It contains a “business model canvas,” which conceives of a business model " -"as having nine building blocks.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> " -"This blank canvas can serve as a tool for anyone to design their own " -"business model. We remixed this business model canvas into an open business " -"model canvas, adding three more building blocks relevant to hybrid market, " -"commons enterprises: social good, Creative Commons license, and “type of " -"open environment that the business fits in.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " -"id=\"1\"/> This enhanced canvas proved useful when we analyzed businesses " -"and helped start-ups plan their economic model." +"It contains a <quote>business model canvas,</quote> which conceives of a " +"business model as having nine building blocks.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " +"id=\"0\"/> This blank canvas can serve as a tool for anyone to design their " +"own business model. We remixed this business model canvas into an open " +"business model canvas, adding three more building blocks relevant to hybrid " +"market, commons enterprises: social good, Creative Commons license, and " +"<quote>type of open environment that the business fits in.</" +"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> This enhanced canvas proved " +"useful when we analyzed businesses and helped start-ups plan their economic " +"model." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1316 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1320 msgid "" "In our case study interviews, many expressed discomfort over describing " "themselves as an open business model—the term business model suggested " @@ -1826,37 +1831,37 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1337 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1342 msgid "" "A more comprehensive list of revenue streams is available in this post I " -"wrote on Medium on March 6, 2016. “What Is an Open Business Model and How " -"Can You Generate Revenue?”, available at <ulink url=\"http://medium.com/made-" -"with-creative-commons/what-is-an-open-business-model-and-how-can-you-" -"generate-revenue-5854d2659b15\"/>." +"wrote on Medium on March 6, 2016. <quote>What Is an Open Business Model and " +"How Can You Generate Revenue?</quote>, available at <ulink url=\"http://" +"medium.com/made-with-creative-commons/what-is-an-open-business-model-and-how-" +"can-you-generate-revenue-5854d2659b15\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1329 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1333 msgid "" "The creators, businesses, and organizations we profile all engage with the " "market to generate revenue in some way. The ways in which this is done vary " -"widely. Donations, pay what you can, memberships, “digital for free but " -"physical for a fee,” crowdfunding, matchmaking, value-add services, " -"patrons . . . the list goes on and on. (Initial description of how to earn " -"revenue available through reference note. For latest thinking see How to " -"Bring In Money in the next section.)<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/" -"> There is no single magic bullet, and each endeavor has devised ways that " -"work for them. Most make use of more than one way. Diversifying revenue " +"widely. Donations, pay what you can, memberships, <quote>digital for free " +"but physical for a fee,</quote> crowdfunding, matchmaking, value-add " +"services, patrons . . . the list goes on and on. (Initial description of how " +"to earn revenue available through reference note. For latest thinking see " +"How to Bring In Money in the next section.)<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" +"\"0\"/> There is no single magic bullet, and each endeavor has devised ways " +"that work for them. Most make use of more than one way. Diversifying revenue " "streams lowers risk and provides multiple paths to sustainability." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1349 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1354 msgid "Benefits of the Digital Commons" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1351 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1356 msgid "" "While it may be clear why commons-based organizations want to interact and " "engage with the market (they need money to survive), it may be less obvious " @@ -1865,7 +1870,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1357 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1362 msgid "" "The commons speeds dissemination. The free flow of resources in the commons " "offers tremendous economies of scale. Distribution is decentralized, with " @@ -1875,7 +1880,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1366 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1371 msgid "" "The commons ensures access to all. The market has traditionally operated by " "putting resources behind a paywall requiring payment first before access. " @@ -1889,7 +1894,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1379 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1384 msgid "" "The commons maximizes participation. Resources in the commons can be used " "and contributed to by everyone. Using the resources of others, contributing " @@ -1903,7 +1908,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1401 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1406 msgid "" "Henry Chesbrough, Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and " "Profiting from Technology (Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2006), 31–" @@ -1911,7 +1916,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1392 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1397 msgid "" "The commons spurs innovation. Resources in the hands of more people who can " "use them leads to new ideas. The way commons resources can be modified, " @@ -1927,7 +1932,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1410 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1415 msgid "" "The commons boosts reach and impact. The digital commons is global. " "Resources may be created for a local or regional need, but they go far and " @@ -1941,7 +1946,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1423 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1428 msgid "" "The commons is generative. Instead of extracting value, the commons adds " "value. Digitized resources persist without becoming depleted, and through " @@ -1956,7 +1961,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1437 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1442 msgid "" "The commons brings people together for a common cause. The commons vests " "people directly with the responsibility to manage the resources for the " @@ -1972,7 +1977,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1452 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1457 msgid "" "The benefits of the commons are many. When these benefits align with the " "goals of individuals, communities, businesses in the market, or state " @@ -1981,12 +1986,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1459 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1464 msgid "Our Case Studies" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1461 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1466 msgid "" "The creators, organizations, and businesses in our case studies operate as " "nonprofits, for-profits, and social enterprises. Regardless of legal " @@ -1999,7 +2004,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1473 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1478 msgid "" "The case studies are based on the narratives told to us by founders and key " "staff. Instead of solely using financials as the measure of success and " @@ -2009,7 +2014,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1481 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1486 msgid "" "Our case studies are diverse, ranging from publishing to education and " "manufacturing. All of the organizations, businesses, and creators in the " @@ -2021,7 +2026,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1491 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1496 msgid "" "They are creating new resources, or using the resources of others, or mixing " "existing resources together to make something new. They, and their audience, " @@ -2031,7 +2036,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1499 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1504 msgid "" "And as users of Creative Commons licenses, they are automatically part of a " "global community. The new digital commons is global. Those we profiled come " @@ -2040,7 +2045,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1506 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1511 msgid "" "Creative Commons licenses may express legal rules around the use of " "resources in a commons, but success in the commons requires more than " @@ -2055,7 +2060,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1519 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1524 msgid "" "The new digital commons is here to stay. Made With Creative Commons case " "studies show how it’s possible to be part of this commons while still " @@ -2066,7 +2071,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1528 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1533 msgid "" "Enterprise use of Creative Commons has only just begun. The case studies in " "this book are merely starting points. Each is changing and evolving over " @@ -2077,19 +2082,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1539 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1544 #, fuzzy #| msgid "Made with Creative Commons" msgid "How to Be Made with Creative Commons" msgstr "Gemacht mit Creative Commons" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1541 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1546 msgid "Sarah Hinchliff Pearson" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1544 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1549 msgid "" "When we began this project in August 2015, we set out to write a book about " "business models that involve Creative Commons licenses in some significant " @@ -2106,7 +2111,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1560 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1565 msgid "" "We analyzed the revenue models, customer segments, and value propositions of " "each endeavor. We searched for ways that putting their content under " @@ -2118,7 +2123,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1570 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1575 msgid "" "In fairly short order, we realized the book we set out to write was quite " "different from the one that was revealing itself in our interviews and " @@ -2126,7 +2131,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1575 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1580 msgid "" "It isn’t that we were wrong to think you can make money while using Creative " "Commons licenses. In many instances, CC can help make you more money. Nor " @@ -2137,7 +2142,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1587 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1593 msgid "" "Alex Osterwalder and Yves Pigneur, Business Model Generation (Hoboken, NJ: " "John Wiley and Sons, 2010), 14. A preview of the book is available at <ulink " @@ -2145,19 +2150,20 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1584 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1589 msgid "" "According to the seminal handbook Business Model Generation, a business " -"model “describes the rationale of how an organization creates, delivers, and " -"captures value.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Thinking about " -"sharing in terms of creating and capturing value always felt inappropriately " -"transactional and out of place, something we heard time and time again in " -"our interviews. And as Cory Doctorow told us in our interview with him, " -"“Business model can mean anything you want it to mean.”" +"model <quote>describes the rationale of how an organization creates, " +"delivers, and captures value.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/" +"> Thinking about sharing in terms of creating and capturing value always " +"felt inappropriately transactional and out of place, something we heard time " +"and time again in our interviews. And as Cory Doctorow told us in our " +"interview with him, <quote>Business model can mean anything you want it to " +"mean.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1598 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1605 msgid "" "Eventually, we got it. Being Made with Creative Commons is more than a " "business model. While we will talk about specific revenue models as one " @@ -2166,7 +2172,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1605 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1612 msgid "" "Admittedly, it took me a long time to get there. When Paul and I divided up " "our writing after finishing the research, my charge was to distill " @@ -2178,7 +2184,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1615 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1622 msgid "" "In every interview, we started from the same simple questions. Amid all the " "diversity among the creators, organizations, and businesses we profiled, " @@ -2191,7 +2197,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1627 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1634 msgid "" "But we also started to realize something about what it means to be Made with " "Creative Commons. When people talked to us about how and why they used CC, " @@ -2201,7 +2207,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1635 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1642 msgid "" "At one level, being Made with Creative Commons expresses an affinity for the " "value of Creative Commons. While there are many different flavors of CC " @@ -2216,21 +2222,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1649 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1656 msgid "" "Whether the public makes use of the opportunity to copy and adapt your work, " "sharing with a Creative Commons license is a symbol of how you want to " "interact with the people who consume your work. Whenever you create " -"something, “all rights reserved” under copyright is automatic, so the " -"copyright symbol (©) on the work does not necessarily come across as a " -"marker of distrust or excessive protectionism. But using a CC license can be " -"a symbol of the opposite—of wanting a real human relationship, rather than " -"an impersonal market transaction. It leaves open the possibility of " +"something, <quote>all rights reserved</quote> under copyright is automatic, " +"so the copyright symbol (©) on the work does not necessarily come across as " +"a marker of distrust or excessive protectionism. But using a CC license can " +"be a symbol of the opposite—of wanting a real human relationship, rather " +"than an impersonal market transaction. It leaves open the possibility of " "connection." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1661 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1668 msgid "" "Being Made with Creative Commons not only demonstrates values connected to " "CC and sharing. It also demonstrates that something other than profit drives " @@ -2240,29 +2246,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1674 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1681 msgid "" "Cory Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: Laws for the Internet " "Age (San Francisco, CA: McSweeney’s, 2014) 68." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1669 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1676 msgid "" "The driving motivation varies depending on the type of endeavor. For " "individual creators, it is most often about personal inspiration. In some " -"ways, this is nothing new. As Doctorow has written, “Creators usually start " -"doing what they do for love.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> But " -"when you share your creative work under a CC license, that dynamic is even " -"more pronounced. Similarly, for technological innovators, it is often less " -"about creating a specific new thing that will make you rich and more about " -"solving a specific problem you have. The creators of Arduino told us that " -"the key question when creating something is “Do you as the creator want to " -"use it? It has to have personal use and meaning.”" +"ways, this is nothing new. As Doctorow has written, <quote>Creators usually " +"start doing what they do for love.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" +"\"0\"/> But when you share your creative work under a CC license, that " +"dynamic is even more pronounced. Similarly, for technological innovators, it " +"is often less about creating a specific new thing that will make you rich " +"and more about solving a specific problem you have. The creators of Arduino " +"told us that the key question when creating something is <quote>Do you as " +"the creator want to use it? It has to have personal use and meaning.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1685 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1693 msgid "" "Many that are Made with Creative Commons have an express social mission that " "underpins everything they do. In many cases, sharing with Creative Commons " @@ -2274,7 +2280,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1695 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1703 msgid "" "This dynamic is probably one reason why there are so many nonprofit examples " "of being Made with Creative Commons. The content is the result of a labor of " @@ -2286,7 +2292,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1705 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1713 msgid "" "Even if profit isn’t the end goal, you have to bring in money to be " "successfully Made with Creative Commons. At a bare minimum, you have to make " @@ -2294,25 +2300,25 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1710 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1718 msgid "" "The costs of doing business vary widely for those made with CC, but there is " "generally a much lower threshold for sustainability than there used to be " "for any creative endeavor. Digital technology has made it easier than ever " "to create, and easier than ever to distribute. As Doctorow put it in his " -"book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, “If analog dollars have turned " -"into digital dimes (as the critics of ad-supported media have it), there is " -"the fact that it’s possible to run a business that gets the same amount of " -"advertising as its forebears at a fraction of the price.”" +"book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, <quote>If analog dollars have " +"turned into digital dimes (as the critics of ad-supported media have it), " +"there is the fact that it’s possible to run a business that gets the same " +"amount of advertising as its forebears at a fraction of the price.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1727 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1735 msgid "Ibid., 55." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1722 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1730 msgid "" "Some creation costs are the same as they always were. It takes the same " "amount of time and money to write a peer-reviewed journal article or paint a " @@ -2327,7 +2333,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1739 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1747 msgid "" "Chris Anderson, Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by Giving " "Something for Nothing, reprint with new preface (New York: Hyperion, 2010), " @@ -2335,7 +2341,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1736 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1744 msgid "" "Distributing content is almost universally cheaper than ever. Once content " "is created, the costs to distribute copies digitally are essentially zero." @@ -2349,45 +2355,45 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1761 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1769 msgid "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 44." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1751 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1759 msgid "" "It’s important to recognize that the biggest impact of technology on " "creative endeavors is that creators can now foot the costs of creation and " "distribution themselves. People now often have a direct route to their " "potential public without necessarily needing intermediaries like record " -"labels and book publishers. Doctorow wrote, “If you’re a creator who never " -"got the time of day from one of the great imperial powers, this is your " -"time. Where once you had no means of reaching an audience without the " +"labels and book publishers. Doctorow wrote, <quote>If you’re a creator who " +"never got the time of day from one of the great imperial powers, this is " +"your time. Where once you had no means of reaching an audience without the " "assistance of the industry-dominating megacompanies, now you have hundreds " -"of ways to do it without them.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> " -"Previously, distribution of creative work involved the costs associated with " -"sustaining a monolithic entity, now creators can do the work themselves. " -"That means the financial needs of creative endeavors can be a lot more " -"modest." +"of ways to do it without them.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" +"\"0\"/> Previously, distribution of creative work involved the costs " +"associated with sustaining a monolithic entity, now creators can do the work " +"themselves. That means the financial needs of creative endeavors can be a " +"lot more modest." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1768 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1776 msgid "" "Whether for an individual creator or a larger endeavor, it usually isn’t " "enough to break even if you want to make what you’re doing a livelihood. You " "need to build in some support for the general operation. This extra bit " "looks different for everyone, but importantly, in nearly all cases for those " -"Made with Creative Commons, the definition of “enough money” looks a lot " -"different than it does in the world of venture capital and stock options. It " -"is more about sustainability and less about unlimited growth and profit. " -"SparkFun founder Nathan Seidle told us, “Business model is a really " -"grandiose word for it. It is really just about keeping the operation going " -"day to day.”" +"Made with Creative Commons, the definition of <quote>enough money</quote> " +"looks a lot different than it does in the world of venture capital and stock " +"options. It is more about sustainability and less about unlimited growth and " +"profit. SparkFun founder Nathan Seidle told us, <quote>Business model is a " +"really grandiose word for it. It is really just about keeping the operation " +"going day to day.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1781 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1789 msgid "" "This book is a testament to the notion that it is possible to make money " "while using CC licenses and CC-licensed content, but we are still very much " @@ -2397,96 +2403,98 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1789 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1797 msgid "" "There are, however, plenty of ways in which CC licensing can be good for " "business in fairly predictable ways. The first is how it helps solve " -"“problem zero.”" +"<quote>problem zero.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1794 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1802 msgid "Problem Zero: Getting Discovered" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1801 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1809 msgid "" "Amanda Palmer, The Art of Asking: Or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Let " "People Help (New York: Grand Central, 2014), 121." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1815 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1824 msgid "" "Chris Anderson, Makers: The New Industrial Revolution (New York: Signal, " "2012), 64." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1796 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1804 msgid "" "Once you create or collect your content, the next step is finding users, " -"customers, fans—in other words, your people. As Amanda Palmer wrote, “It has " -"to start with the art. The songs had to touch people initially, and mean " -"something, for anything to work at all.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" -"\"0\"/> There isn’t any magic to finding your people, and there is certainly " -"no formula. Your work has to connect with people and offer them some " -"artistic and/or utilitarian value. In some ways, this is easier than ever. " -"Online we are not limited by shelf space, so there is room for every obscure " -"interest, taste, and need imaginable. This is what Chris Anderson dubbed the " -"Long Tail, where consumption becomes less about mainstream mass “hits” and " -"more about micromarkets for every particular niche. As Anderson wrote, “We " +"customers, fans—in other words, your people. As Amanda Palmer wrote, " +"<quote>It has to start with the art. The songs had to touch people " +"initially, and mean something, for anything to work at all.</" +"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> There isn’t any magic to " +"finding your people, and there is certainly no formula. Your work has to " +"connect with people and offer them some artistic and/or utilitarian value. " +"In some ways, this is easier than ever. Online we are not limited by shelf " +"space, so there is room for every obscure interest, taste, and need " +"imaginable. This is what Chris Anderson dubbed the Long Tail, where " +"consumption becomes less about mainstream mass <quote>hits</quote> and more " +"about micromarkets for every particular niche. As Anderson wrote, <quote>We " "are all different, with different wants and needs, and the Internet now has " -"a place for all of them in the way that physical markets did " -"not.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> We are no longer limited to " +"a place for all of them in the way that physical markets did not.</" +"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> We are no longer limited to " "what appeals to the masses." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1828 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1838 msgid "" "David Bollier, Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of " "the Commons (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014), 70." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1834 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1845 msgid "Anderson, Makers, 66." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1838 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1850 msgid "" "Bryan Kramer, Shareology: How Sharing Is Powering the Human Economy (New " "York: Morgan James, 2016), 10." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1821 -msgid "" -"While finding “your people” online is theoretically easier than in the " -"analog world, as a practical matter it can still be difficult to actually " -"get noticed. The Internet is a firehose of content, one that only grows " -"larger by the minute. As a content creator, not only are you competing for " -"attention against more content creators than ever before, you are competing " -"against creativity generated outside the market as well.<placeholder type=" -"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Anderson wrote, “The greatest change of the past " -"decade has been the shift in time people spend consuming amateur content " -"instead of professional content.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> " -"To top it all off, you have to compete against the rest of their lives, too" -"—“friends, family, music playlists, soccer games, and nights on the " -"town.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"2\"/> Somehow, some way, you have " -"to get noticed by the right people." +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1830 +msgid "" +"While finding <quote>your people</quote> online is theoretically easier than " +"in the analog world, as a practical matter it can still be difficult to " +"actually get noticed. The Internet is a firehose of content, one that only " +"grows larger by the minute. As a content creator, not only are you " +"competing for attention against more content creators than ever before, you " +"are competing against creativity generated outside the market as well." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Anderson wrote, <quote>The " +"greatest change of the past decade has been the shift in time people spend " +"consuming amateur content instead of professional content.</" +"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> To top it all off, you have " +"to compete against the rest of their lives, too—<quote>friends, family, " +"music playlists, soccer games, and nights on the town.</quote><placeholder " +"type=\"footnote\" id=\"2\"/> Somehow, some way, you have to get noticed by " +"the right people." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1852 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1864 msgid "Anderson, Free, 62." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1844 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1856 msgid "" "When you come to the Internet armed with an all-rights-reserved mentality " "from the start, you are often restricting access to your work before there " @@ -2498,26 +2506,26 @@ msgid "" "to charge money for your content. It simply means you need to recognize the " "effect that doing so will have on demand. The same principle applies to " "restricting access to copy the work. If your problem is how to get " -"discovered and find “your people,” prohibiting people from copying your work " -"and sharing it with others is counterproductive." +"discovered and find <quote>your people,</quote> prohibiting people from " +"copying your work and sharing it with others is counterproductive." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1866 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1878 msgid "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 38." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1862 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1874 msgid "" "Of course, it’s not that being discovered by people who like your work will " -"make you rich—far from it. But as Cory Doctorow says, “Recognition is one of " -"many necessary preconditions for artistic success.”<placeholder type=" -"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"make you rich—far from it. But as Cory Doctorow says, <quote>Recognition is " +"one of many necessary preconditions for artistic success.</" +"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1870 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1882 msgid "" "Choosing not to spend time and energy restricting access to your work and " "policing infringement also builds goodwill. Lumen Learning, a for-profit " @@ -2530,23 +2538,23 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1887 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1900 msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 68." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1881 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1893 msgid "" "It is not just that restricting access to your work may undermine your " "social mission. It also may alienate the people who most value your creative " "work. If people like your work, their natural instinct will be to share it " -"with others. But as David Bollier wrote, “Our natural human impulses to " -"imitate and share—the essence of culture—have been " -"criminalized.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"with others. But as David Bollier wrote, <quote>Our natural human impulses " +"to imitate and share—the essence of culture—have been criminalized.</" +"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1891 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1904 msgid "" "The fact that copying can carry criminal penalties undoubtedly deters " "copying it, but copying with the click of a button is too easy and " @@ -2557,46 +2565,46 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1900 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1913 msgid "" "If you take some amount of copying and sharing your work as a given, you can " "invest your time and resources elsewhere, rather than wasting them on " "playing a cat and mouse game with people who want to copy and share your " -"work. Lizzy Jongma from the Rijksmuseum said, “We could spend a lot of money " -"trying to protect works, but people are going to do it anyway. And they will " -"use bad-quality versions.” Instead, they started releasing high-resolution " -"digital copies of their collection into the public domain and making them " -"available for free on their website. For them, sharing was a form of quality " -"control over the copies that were inevitably being shared online. Doing this " -"meant forgoing the revenue they previously got from selling digital images. " -"But Lizzy says that was a small price to pay for all of the opportunities " -"that sharing unlocked for them." +"work. Lizzy Jongma from the Rijksmuseum said, <quote>We could spend a lot of " +"money trying to protect works, but people are going to do it anyway. And " +"they will use bad-quality versions.</quote> Instead, they started releasing " +"high-resolution digital copies of their collection into the public domain " +"and making them available for free on their website. For them, sharing was a " +"form of quality control over the copies that were inevitably being shared " +"online. Doing this meant forgoing the revenue they previously got from " +"selling digital images. But Lizzy says that was a small price to pay for all " +"of the opportunities that sharing unlocked for them." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1920 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1933 msgid "Anderson, Free, 86." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1916 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1929 msgid "" "Being Made with Creative Commons means you stop thinking about ways to " "artificially make your content scarce, and instead leverage it as the " "potentially abundant resource it is.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/" "> When you see information abundance as a feature, not a bug, you start " "thinking about the ways to use the idling capacity of your content to your " -"advantage. As my friend and colleague Eric Steuer once said, “Using CC " -"licenses shows you get the Internet.”" +"advantage. As my friend and colleague Eric Steuer once said, <quote>Using CC " +"licenses shows you get the Internet.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1931 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1944 msgid "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 144." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1928 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1941 msgid "" "Cory Doctorow says it costs him nothing when other people make copies of his " "work, and it opens the possibility that he might get something in return." @@ -2610,19 +2618,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1941 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1954 msgid "" "There are all kinds of way to leverage the power of sharing and remix to " "your benefit. Here are a few." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1945 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1958 msgid "Use CC to grow a larger audience" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1947 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1960 msgid "" "Putting a Creative Commons license on your content won’t make it " "automatically go viral, but eliminating legal barriers to copying the work " @@ -2631,11 +2639,12 @@ msgid "" "the shoulder to those who come across the work—a nudge to copy the work if " "they have any inkling of doing so. All things being equal, if one piece of " "content has a sign that says Share and the other says Don’t Share (which is " -"what “©” means), which do you think people are more likely to share?" +"what <quote>©</quote> means), which do you think people are more likely to " +"share?" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1959 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1972 msgid "" "The Conversation is an online news site with in-depth articles written by " "academics who are experts on particular topics. All of the articles are CC-" @@ -2645,38 +2654,38 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1975 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1989 msgid "Anderson, Free, 123." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1968 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1981 msgid "" "The idea that more eyeballs equates with more success is a form of the max " "strategy, adopted by Google and other technology companies. According to " -"Google’s Eric Schmidt, the idea is simple: “Take whatever it is you are " -"doing and do it at the max in terms of distribution. The other way of saying " -"this is that since marginal cost of distribution is free, you might as well " -"put things everywhere.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> This " -"strategy is what often motivates companies to make their products and " -"services free (i.e., no cost), but the same logic applies to making content " -"freely shareable. Because CC-licensed content is free (as in cost) and can " -"be freely copied, CC licensing makes it even more accessible and likely to " -"spread." +"Google’s Eric Schmidt, the idea is simple: <quote>Take whatever it is you " +"are doing and do it at the max in terms of distribution. The other way of " +"saying this is that since marginal cost of distribution is free, you might " +"as well put things everywhere.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" +"\"0\"/> This strategy is what often motivates companies to make their " +"products and services free (i.e., no cost), but the same logic applies to " +"making content freely shareable. Because CC-licensed content is free (as in " +"cost) and can be freely copied, CC licensing makes it even more accessible " +"and likely to spread." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1989 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2003 msgid "Ibid., 132." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1994 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2008 msgid "Ibid., 70." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1984 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1998 msgid "" "If you are successful in reaching more users, readers, listeners, or other " "consumers of your work, you can start to benefit from the bandwagon effect. " @@ -2688,20 +2697,20 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1999 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2013 msgid "Use CC to get attribution and name recognition" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2013 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2027 msgid "" "James Surowiecki, The Wisdom of Crowds (New York: Anchor Books, 2005), 124. " -"Surowiecki says, “The measure of success of laws and contracts is how rarely " -"they are invoked.”" +"Surowiecki says, <quote>The measure of success of laws and contracts is how " +"rarely they are invoked.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2001 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2015 msgid "" "Every Creative Commons license requires that credit be given to the author, " "and that reusers supply a link back to the original source of the material. " @@ -2719,7 +2728,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2024 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2038 msgid "" "The fact that the name of the creator follows a CC-licensed work makes the " "licenses an important means to develop a reputation or, in corporate speak, " @@ -2734,7 +2743,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2038 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2052 msgid "" "Attribution can be about more than just receiving credit. It can also be " "about establishing provenance. People naturally want to know where content " @@ -2749,7 +2758,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2053 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2067 msgid "" "Knowing the source of a work is also critical to ensuring its credibility. " "Just as a trademark is designed to give consumers a way to identify the " @@ -2760,12 +2769,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2063 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2077 msgid "Use CC-licensed content as a marketing tool" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2065 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2079 msgid "" "As we will cover in more detail later, many endeavors that are Made with " "Creative Commons make money by providing a product or service other than the " @@ -2776,12 +2785,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2087 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2101 msgid "Anderson, Free, 44." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2074 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2088 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched’s Pinter told us she has seen time and again how " "offering CC-licensed content—that is, digitally for free—actually increases " @@ -2798,7 +2807,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2091 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2105 msgid "" "In some cases, endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons do not even " "need dedicated marketing teams or marketing budgets. Cards Against Humanity " @@ -2815,12 +2824,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2108 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2122 msgid "Use CC to enable hands-on engagement with your work" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2111 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2125 msgid "" "The great promise of Creative Commons licensing is that it signifies an " "embrace of remix culture. Indeed, this is the great promise of digital " @@ -2829,12 +2838,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2125 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2139 msgid "Osterwalder and Pigneur, Business Model Generation, 23." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2118 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2132 msgid "" "Four of the six CC licenses enable reusers to take apart, build upon, or " "otherwise adapt the work. Depending on the context, adaptation can mean " @@ -2848,37 +2857,37 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2138 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2152 msgid "Anderson, Free, 67." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2143 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2157 msgid "Ibid., 58." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2146 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2160 msgid "Anderson, Makers, 71." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2151 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2165 msgid "" "Clay Shirky, Cognitive Surplus: How Technology Makes Consumers into " "Collaborators (London: Penguin Books, 2010), 78." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2133 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2147 msgid "" "This is a way to counteract a potential downside of the abundance of free " -"and open content described above. As Anderson wrote in Free, “People often " -"don’t care as much about things they don’t pay for, and as a result they " -"don’t think as much about how they consume them.”<placeholder type=\"footnote" -"\" id=\"0\"/> If even the tiny act of volition of paying one penny for " -"something changes our perception of that thing, then surely the act of " -"remixing it enhances our perception exponentially.<placeholder type=" +"and open content described above. As Anderson wrote in Free, <quote>People " +"often don’t care as much about things they don’t pay for, and as a result " +"they don’t think as much about how they consume them.</quote><placeholder " +"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> If even the tiny act of volition of paying one " +"penny for something changes our perception of that thing, then surely the " +"act of remixing it enhances our perception exponentially.<placeholder type=" "\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> We know that people will pay more for products they " "had a part in creating.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"2\"/> And we know " "that creating something, no matter what quality, brings with it a type of " @@ -2887,34 +2896,34 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2164 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2178 msgid "Ibid., 21." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2157 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2171 msgid "" "Actively engaging with the content helps us avoid the type of aimless " "consumption that anyone who has absentmindedly scrolled through their social-" "media feeds for an hour knows all too well. In his book, Cognitive Surplus, " -"Clay Shirky says, “To participate is to act as if your presence matters, as " -"if, when you see something or hear something, your response is part of the " -"event.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Opening the door to your " -"content can get people more deeply tied to your work." +"Clay Shirky says, <quote>To participate is to act as if your presence " +"matters, as if, when you see something or hear something, your response is " +"part of the event.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Opening " +"the door to your content can get people more deeply tied to your work." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2170 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2184 msgid "Use CC to differentiate yourself" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2179 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2193 msgid "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 43." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2172 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2186 msgid "" "Operating under a traditional copyright regime usually means operating under " "the rules of establishment players in the media. Business strategies that " @@ -2925,25 +2934,26 @@ msgid "" "function without those barriers and, in many cases, use the increased " "openness as a competitive advantage. David Harris from OpenStax said they " "specifically pursue strategies they know that traditional publishers cannot. " -"“Don’t go into a market and play by the incumbent rules,” David said. " -"“Change the rules of engagement.”" +"<quote>Don’t go into a market and play by the incumbent rules,</quote> David " +"said. <quote>Change the rules of engagement.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2191 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2205 msgid "Making Money" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2201 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2215 msgid "" -"William Landes Foster, Peter Kim, and Barbara Christiansen, “Ten Nonprofit " -"Funding Models,” Stanford Social Innovation Review, Spring 2009, <ulink url=" -"\"http://ssir.org/articles/entry/ten_nonprofit_funding_models\"/>." +"William Landes Foster, Peter Kim, and Barbara Christiansen, <quote>Ten " +"Nonprofit Funding Models,</quote> Stanford Social Innovation Review, Spring " +"2009, <ulink url=\"http://ssir.org/articles/entry/" +"ten_nonprofit_funding_models\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2193 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2207 msgid "" "Like any moneymaking endeavor, those that are Made with Creative Commons " "have to generate some type of value for their audience or customers. " @@ -2961,24 +2971,24 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2222 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2236 msgid "Shirky, Cognitive Surplus, 111." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2214 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2228 msgid "" "Most who are Made with Creative Commons use a variety of methods to bring in " "revenue, some market-based and some not. One common strategy is using grant " "funding for content creation when research-and-development costs are " "particularly high, and then finding a different revenue stream (or streams) " -"for ongoing expenses. As Shirky wrote, “The trick is in knowing when markets " -"are an optimal way of organizing interactions and when they are " -"not.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"for ongoing expenses. As Shirky wrote, <quote>The trick is in knowing when " +"markets are an optimal way of organizing interactions and when they are not." +"</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2226 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2240 msgid "" "Our case studies explore in more detail the various revenue-generating " "mechanisms used by the creators, organizations, and businesses we " @@ -2989,24 +2999,24 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2235 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2249 msgid "Market-based revenue streams" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2240 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2254 msgid "Osterwalder and Pigneur, Business Model Generation, 30." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2247 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2261 msgid "" "Jim Whitehurst, The Open Organization: Igniting Passion and Performance " "(Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2015), 202." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2237 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2251 msgid "" "In the market, the central question when determining how to bring in revenue " "is what value people are willing to pay for.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " @@ -3018,12 +3028,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2263 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2277 msgid "Anderson, Free, 71." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2253 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2267 msgid "" "In many ways, this is the way of the future for all content-driven " "endeavors. In the market, value lives in things that are scarce. Because the " @@ -3035,31 +3045,32 @@ msgid "" "or not.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> If people can easily find " "your content for free, getting people to buy it will be difficult, " "particularly in a context where access to content is more important than " -"owning it. In Free, Anderson wrote, “Copyright protection schemes, whether " -"coded into either law or software, are simply holding up a price against the " -"force of gravity.”" +"owning it. In Free, Anderson wrote, <quote>Copyright protection schemes, " +"whether coded into either law or software, are simply holding up a price " +"against the force of gravity.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2282 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2296 msgid "Ibid., 231." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2272 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2286 msgid "" "Of course, this doesn’t mean that content-driven endeavors have no future in " "the traditional marketplace. In Free, Anderson explains how when one product " "or service becomes free, as information and content largely have in the " -"digital age, other things become more valuable. “Every abundance creates a " -"new scarcity,” he wrote. You just have to find some way other than the " -"content to provide value to your audience or customers. As Anderson says, " -"“It’s easy to compete with Free: simply offer something better or at least " -"different from the free version.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"digital age, other things become more valuable. <quote>Every abundance " +"creates a new scarcity,</quote> he wrote. You just have to find some way " +"other than the content to provide value to your audience or customers. As " +"Anderson says, <quote>It’s easy to compete with Free: simply offer something " +"better or at least different from the free version.</quote><placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2286 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2300 msgid "" "In light of this reality, in some ways endeavors that are Made with Creative " "Commons are at a level playing field with all content-based endeavors in the " @@ -3070,7 +3081,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2295 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2309 msgid "" "For content creators and distributors, there are nearly infinite ways to " "provide value to the consumers of your work, above and beyond the value that " @@ -3079,47 +3090,47 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2302 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2316 msgid "Here are the most common high-level categories." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2306 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2320 msgid "" "Providing a custom service to consumers of your work <emphasis>[MARKET-" "BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2316 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2330 msgid "Ibid., 97." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2309 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2323 msgid "" "In this age of information abundance, we don’t lack for content. The trick " "is finding content that matches our needs and wants, so customized services " -"are particularly valuable. As Anderson wrote, “Commodity information " +"are particularly valuable. As Anderson wrote, <quote>Commodity information " "(everybody gets the same version) wants to be free. Customized information " -"(you get something unique and meaningful to you) wants to be " -"expensive.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> This can be anything " -"from the artistic and cultural consulting services provided by Ártica to the " -"custom-song business of Jonathan “Song-A-Day” Mann." +"(you get something unique and meaningful to you) wants to be expensive.</" +"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> This can be anything from " +"the artistic and cultural consulting services provided by Ártica to the " +"custom-song business of Jonathan <quote>Song-A-Day</quote> Mann." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2323 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2338 msgid "Charging for the physical copy <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2330 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2345 msgid "Anderson, Makers, 107." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2326 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2341 msgid "" "In his book about maker culture, Anderson characterizes this model as giving " "away the bits and selling the atoms (where bits refers to digital content " @@ -3143,12 +3154,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2354 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2369 msgid "Charging for the in-person version <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2357 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2372 msgid "" "As anyone who has ever gone to a concert will tell you, experiencing " "creativity in person is a completely different experience from consuming a " @@ -3159,12 +3170,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2368 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2383 msgid "Selling merchandise <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2371 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2386 msgid "" "In many cases, people who like your work will pay for products demonstrating " "a connection to your work. As a child of the 1980s, I can personally attest " @@ -3173,12 +3184,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2388 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2403 msgid "Osterwalder and Pigneur, Business Model Generation, 89." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2378 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2393 msgid "" "Sometimes the way to find a market-based revenue stream is by providing " "value to people other than those who consume your CC-licensed content. In " @@ -3194,22 +3205,22 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2395 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2410 msgid "Charging advertisers or sponsors <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2403 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2418 msgid "Ibid., 92." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2407 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2422 msgid "Anderson, Free, 142." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2398 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2413 msgid "" "The traditional model of subsidizing free content is advertising. In this " "version of multi-sided platforms, advertisers pay for the opportunity to " @@ -3225,36 +3236,36 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2416 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2431 msgid "Charging your content creators <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2419 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2434 msgid "" "Another type of multisided platform is where the content creators themselves " "pay to be featured on the platform. Obviously, this revenue stream is only " "available to those who rely on work created, at least in part, by others. " -"The most well-known version of this model is the “author-processing charge” " -"of open-access journals like those published by the Public Library of " -"Science, but there are other variations. The Conversation is primarily " -"funded by a university-membership model, where universities pay to have " -"their faculties participate as writers of the content on the Conversation " -"website." +"The most well-known version of this model is the <quote>author-processing " +"charge</quote> of open-access journals like those published by the Public " +"Library of Science, but there are other variations. The Conversation is " +"primarily funded by a university-membership model, where universities pay to " +"have their faculties participate as writers of the content on the " +"Conversation website." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2433 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2448 msgid "Charging a transaction fee <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2438 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2453 msgid "Osterwalder and Pigneur, Business Model Generation, 32." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2436 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2451 msgid "" "This is a version of a traditional business model based on brokering " "transactions between parties.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> " @@ -3268,13 +3279,13 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2450 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2465 msgid "" "Providing a service to your creators <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2453 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2468 msgid "" "As mentioned above, endeavors can make money by providing customized " "services to their users. Platforms can undertake a variation of this service " @@ -3285,12 +3296,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2463 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2478 msgid "Licensing a trademark <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2466 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2481 msgid "" "Finally, some that are Made with Creative Commons make money by selling use " "of their trademarks. Well known brands that consumers associate with " @@ -3303,12 +3314,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2478 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2493 msgid "Reciprocity-based revenue streams" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2480 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2495 msgid "" "Even if we set aside grant funding, we found that the traditional economic " "framework of understanding the market failed to fully capture the ways the " @@ -3317,7 +3328,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2487 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2502 msgid "" "Rather than devising a scheme to get people to pay money in exchange for " "some direct value provided to them, many of the revenue streams were more " @@ -3326,32 +3337,32 @@ msgid "" "like traditional nonprofit funding models, they aren’t charity. The endeavor " "exchange value with people, just not necessarily synchronously or in a way " "that requires that those values be equal. As David Bollier wrote in Think " -"Like a Commoner, “There is no self-serving calculation of whether the value " -"given and received is strictly equal.”" +"Like a Commoner, <quote>There is no self-serving calculation of whether the " +"value given and received is strictly equal.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2500 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2515 msgid "" "This should be a familiar dynamic—it is the way you deal with your friends " "and family. We give without regard for what and when we will get back. David " -"Bollier wrote, “Reciprocal social exchange lies at the heart of human " +"Bollier wrote, <quote>Reciprocal social exchange lies at the heart of human " "identity, community and culture. It is a vital brain function that helps the " -"human species survive and evolve.”" +"human species survive and evolve.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2510 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2525 msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 150." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2514 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2529 msgid "Ibid., 134." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2508 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2523 msgid "" "What is rare is to incorporate this sort of relationship into an endeavor " "that also engages with the market.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> " @@ -3361,13 +3372,13 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2519 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2534 msgid "" "Memberships and individual donations <emphasis>[RECIPROCITY-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2522 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2537 msgid "" "While memberships and donations are traditional nonprofit funding models, in " "the Made with Creative Commons context, they are directly tied to the " @@ -3382,30 +3393,30 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2538 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2553 msgid "The pay-what-you-want model <emphasis>[RECIPROCITY-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2541 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2556 msgid "" "In the pay-what-you-want model, the beneficiary of Creative Commons content " "is invited to give—at any amount they can and feel is appropriate, based on " "the public and personal value they feel is generated by the open content. " -"Critically, these models are not touted as “buying” something free. They are " -"similar to a tip jar. People make financial contributions as an act of " -"gratitude. These models capitalize on the fact that we are naturally " -"inclined to give money for things we value in the marketplace, even in " -"situations where we could find a way to get it for free." +"Critically, these models are not touted as <quote>buying</quote> something " +"free. They are similar to a tip jar. People make financial contributions as " +"an act of gratitude. These models capitalize on the fact that we are " +"naturally inclined to give money for things we value in the marketplace, " +"even in situations where we could find a way to get it for free." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2554 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2569 msgid "Crowdfunding <emphasis>[RECIPROCITY-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2557 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2572 msgid "" "Crowdfunding models are based on recouping the costs of creating and " "distributing content before the content is created. If the endeavor is Made " @@ -3415,15 +3426,15 @@ msgid "" "They have to want you to succeed. Amanda Palmer credits the success of her " "crowdfunding on Kickstarter and Patreon to the years she spent building her " "community and creating a connection with her fans. She wrote in The Art of " -"Asking, “Good art is made, good art is shared, help is offered, ears are " -"bent, emotions are exchanged, the compost of real, deep connection is " +"Asking, <quote>Good art is made, good art is shared, help is offered, ears " +"are bent, emotions are exchanged, the compost of real, deep connection is " "sprayed all over the fields. Then one day, the artist steps up and asks for " "something. And if the ground has been fertilized enough, the audience says, " -"without hesitation: of course.”" +"without hesitation: of course.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2575 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2590 msgid "" "Other types of crowdfunding rely on a sense of responsibility that a " "particular community may feel. Knowledge Unlatched pools funds from major U." @@ -3434,39 +3445,40 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2586 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2601 msgid "Making Human Connections" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2588 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2603 msgid "" "Regardless of how they made money, in our interviews, we repeatedly heard " -"language like “persuading people to buy” and “inviting people to pay.” We " -"heard it even in connection with revenue streams that sit squarely within " -"the market. Cory Doctorow told us, “I have to convince my readers that the " -"right thing to do is to pay me.” The founders of the for-profit company " -"Lumen Learning showed us the letter they send to those who opt not to pay " -"for the services they provide in connection with their CC-licensed " -"educational content. It isn’t a cease-and-desist letter; it’s an invitation " -"to pay because it’s the right thing to do. This sort of behavior toward what " -"could be considered nonpaying customers is largely unheard of in the " -"traditional marketplace. But it seems to be part of the fabric of being Made " -"with Creative Commons." +"language like <quote>persuading people to buy</quote> and <quote>inviting " +"people to pay.</quote> We heard it even in connection with revenue streams " +"that sit squarely within the market. Cory Doctorow told us, <quote>I have to " +"convince my readers that the right thing to do is to pay me.</quote> The " +"founders of the for-profit company Lumen Learning showed us the letter they " +"send to those who opt not to pay for the services they provide in connection " +"with their CC-licensed educational content. It isn’t a cease-and-desist " +"letter; it’s an invitation to pay because it’s the right thing to do. This " +"sort of behavior toward what could be considered nonpaying customers is " +"largely unheard of in the traditional marketplace. But it seems to be part " +"of the fabric of being Made with Creative Commons." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2604 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2620 msgid "" "Nearly every endeavor we profiled relied, at least in part, on people being " "invested in what they do. The closer the Creative Commons content is to " -"being “the product,” the more pronounced this dynamic has to be. Rather than " -"simply selling a product or service, they are making ideological, personal, " -"and creative connections with the people who value what they do." +"being <quote>the product,</quote> the more pronounced this dynamic has to " +"be. Rather than simply selling a product or service, they are making " +"ideological, personal, and creative connections with the people who value " +"what they do." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2612 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2628 msgid "" "It took me a very long time to see how this avoidance of thinking about what " "they do in pure market terms was deeply tied to being Made with Creative " @@ -3474,7 +3486,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2617 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2633 msgid "" "I came to the research with preconceived notions about what Creative Commons " "is and what it means to be Made with Creative Commons. It turned out I was " @@ -3482,7 +3494,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2622 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2638 msgid "" "Obviously, being Made with Creative Commons means using Creative Commons " "licenses. That much I knew. But in our interviews, people spoke of so much " @@ -3495,7 +3507,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2633 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2649 msgid "" "Being Made with Creative Commons is not just about the simple act of " "licensing a copyrighted work under a set of standardized terms, but also " @@ -3510,7 +3522,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2647 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2663 msgid "" "The rest of this section will explore some of the common strategies that " "creators, companies, and organizations use to remind us that there are " @@ -3519,19 +3531,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2654 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2670 msgid "Be human" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2658 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2674 msgid "" "Dan Ariely, Predictably Irrational: The Hidden Forces That Shape Our " "Decisions, rev. ed. (New York: Harper Perennial, 2010), 109." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2656 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2672 msgid "" "Humans are social animals, which means we are naturally inclined to treat " "each other well.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> But the further " @@ -3542,100 +3554,101 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2682 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2698 msgid "" "Austin Kleon, Show Your Work: 10 Ways to Share Your Creativity and Get " "Discovered (New York: Workman, 2014), 93." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2669 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2685 msgid "" "To counteract the anonymous and impersonal tendencies of how we operate " "online, individual creators and corporations who use Creative Commons " "licenses work to demonstrate their humanity. For some, this means pouring " "their lives out on the page. For others, it means showing their creative " "process, giving a glimpse into how they do what they do. As writer Austin " -"Kleon wrote, “Our work doesn’t speak for itself. Human beings want to know " -"where things came from, how they were made, and who made them. The stories " -"you tell about the work you do have a huge effect on how people feel and " -"what they understand about your work, and how people feel and what they " -"understand about your work affects how they value it.”<placeholder type=" -"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"Kleon wrote, <quote>Our work doesn’t speak for itself. Human beings want to " +"know where things came from, how they were made, and who made them. The " +"stories you tell about the work you do have a huge effect on how people feel " +"and what they understand about your work, and how people feel and what they " +"understand about your work affects how they value it.</quote><placeholder " +"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2688 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2704 msgid "" "A critical component to doing this effectively is not worrying about being a " -"“brand.” That means not being afraid to be vulnerable. Amanda Palmer says, " -"“When you’re afraid of someone’s judgment, you can’t connect with them. " -"You’re too preoccupied with the task of impressing them.” Not everyone is " -"suited to live life as an open book like Palmer, and that’s OK. There are a " -"lot of ways to be human. The trick is just avoiding pretense and the " -"temptation to artificially craft an image. People don’t just want the glossy " -"version of you. They can’t relate to it, at least not in a meaningful way." +"<quote>brand.</quote> That means not being afraid to be vulnerable. Amanda " +"Palmer says, <quote>When you’re afraid of someone’s judgment, you can’t " +"connect with them. You’re too preoccupied with the task of impressing them.</" +"quote> Not everyone is suited to live life as an open book like Palmer, and " +"that’s OK. There are a lot of ways to be human. The trick is just avoiding " +"pretense and the temptation to artificially craft an image. People don’t " +"just want the glossy version of you. They can’t relate to it, at least not " +"in a meaningful way." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2708 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2725 msgid "Kramer, Shareology, 76." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2700 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2717 msgid "" "This advice is probably even more important for businesses and organizations " "because we instinctively conceive of them as nonhuman (though in the United " "States, corporations are people!). When corporations and organizations make " "the people behind them more apparent, it reminds people that they are " "dealing with something other than an anonymous corporate entity. In business-" -"speak, this is about “humanizing your interactions” with the public." -"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> But it can’t be a gimmick. You " -"can’t fake being human." +"speak, this is about <quote>humanizing your interactions</quote> with the " +"public.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> But it can’t be a gimmick. " +"You can’t fake being human." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2714 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2731 msgid "Be open and accountable" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2723 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2740 msgid "Palmer, Art of Asking, 252." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2728 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2745 msgid "Whitehurst, Open Organization, 145." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2716 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2733 msgid "" "Transparency helps people understand who you are and why you do what you do, " "but it also inspires trust. Max Temkin of Cards Against Humanity told us, " -"“One of the most surprising things you can do in capitalism is just be " -"honest with people.” That means sharing the good and the bad. As Amanda " -"Palmer wrote, “You can fix almost anything by authentically " -"communicating.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> It isn’t about " -"trying to satisfy everyone or trying to sugarcoat mistakes or bad news, but " -"instead about explaining your rationale and then being prepared to defend it " -"when people are critical.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" +"<quote>One of the most surprising things you can do in capitalism is just be " +"honest with people.</quote> That means sharing the good and the bad. As " +"Amanda Palmer wrote, <quote>You can fix almost anything by authentically " +"communicating.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> It isn’t " +"about trying to satisfy everyone or trying to sugarcoat mistakes or bad " +"news, but instead about explaining your rationale and then being prepared to " +"defend it when people are critical.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2737 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2754 msgid "Surowiecki, Wisdom of Crowds, 203." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2744 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2761 msgid "Whitehurst, Open Organization, 80." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2732 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2749 msgid "" "Being accountable does not mean operating on consensus. According to James " "Surowiecki, consensus-driven groups tend to resort to lowest-common-" @@ -3652,22 +3665,22 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2752 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2769 msgid "Design for the good actors" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2756 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2773 msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 25." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2761 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2778 msgid "Ibid., 31." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2754 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2771 msgid "" "Traditional economics assumes people make decisions based solely on their " "own economic self-interest.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Any " @@ -3676,82 +3689,82 @@ msgid "" "In fact, we are hardwired to work together and ensure fairness.<placeholder " "type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> Being Made with Creative Commons requires an " "assumption that people will largely act on those social motivations, " -"motivations that would be considered “irrational” in an economic sense. As " -"Knowledge Unlatched’s Pinter told us, “It is best to ignore people who try " -"to scare you about free riding. That fear is based on a very shallow view of " -"what motivates human behavior.” There will always be people who will act in " -"purely selfish ways, but endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons " -"design for the good actors." +"motivations that would be considered <quote>irrational</quote> in an " +"economic sense. As Knowledge Unlatched’s Pinter told us, <quote>It is best " +"to ignore people who try to scare you about free riding. That fear is based " +"on a very shallow view of what motivates human behavior.</quote> There will " +"always be people who will act in purely selfish ways, but endeavors that are " +"Made with Creative Commons design for the good actors." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2779 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2797 msgid "Shirky, Cognitive Surplus, 112." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2773 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2791 msgid "" "The assumption that people will largely do the right thing can be a self-" -"fulfilling prophecy. Shirky wrote in Cognitive Surplus, “Systems that assume " -"people will act in ways that create public goods, and that give them " +"fulfilling prophecy. Shirky wrote in Cognitive Surplus, <quote>Systems that " +"assume people will act in ways that create public goods, and that give them " "opportunities and rewards for doing so, often let them work together better " -"than neoclassical economics would predict.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" -"\"0\"/> When we acknowledge that people are often motivated by something " -"other than financial self-interest, we design our endeavors in ways that " -"encourage and accentuate our social instincts." +"than neoclassical economics would predict.</quote><placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> When we acknowledge that people are often motivated " +"by something other than financial self-interest, we design our endeavors in " +"ways that encourage and accentuate our social instincts." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2796 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2815 msgid "Surowiecki, Wisdom of Crowds, 124." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2786 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2804 msgid "" "Rather than trying to exert control over people’s behavior, this mode of " "operating requires a certain level of trust. We might not realize it, but " "our daily lives are already built on trust. As Surowiecki wrote in The " -"Wisdom of Crowds, “It’s impossible for a society to rely on law alone to " -"make sure citizens act honestly and responsibly. And it’s impossible for any " -"organization to rely on contracts alone to make sure that its managers and " -"workers live up to their obligation.” Instead, we largely trust that people—" -"mostly strangers—will do what they are supposed to do.<placeholder type=" -"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> And most often, they do." +"Wisdom of Crowds, <quote>It’s impossible for a society to rely on law alone " +"to make sure citizens act honestly and responsibly. And it’s impossible for " +"any organization to rely on contracts alone to make sure that its managers " +"and workers live up to their obligation.</quote> Instead, we largely trust " +"that people—mostly strangers—will do what they are supposed to do." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> And most often, they do." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2801 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2820 msgid "Treat humans like, well, humans" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2806 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2825 msgid "Kleon, Show Your Work, 127." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2814 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2833 msgid "Palmer, Art of Asking, 121." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2803 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2822 msgid "" "For creators, treating people as humans means not treating them like fans. " -"As Kleon says, “If you want fans, you have to be a fan first.”<placeholder " -"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Even if you happen to be one of the few to " -"reach celebrity levels of fame, you are better off remembering that the " -"people who follow your work are human, too. Cory Doctorow makes a point to " -"answer every single email someone sends him. Amanda Palmer spends vast " -"quantities of time going online to communicate with her public, making a " -"point to listen just as much as she talks.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" -"\"1\"/>" +"As Kleon says, <quote>If you want fans, you have to be a fan first.</" +"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Even if you happen to be one " +"of the few to reach celebrity levels of fame, you are better off remembering " +"that the people who follow your work are human, too. Cory Doctorow makes a " +"point to answer every single email someone sends him. Amanda Palmer spends " +"vast quantities of time going online to communicate with her public, making " +"a point to listen just as much as she talks.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " +"id=\"1\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2818 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2837 msgid "" "The same idea goes for businesses and organizations. Rather than automating " "its customer service, the music platform Tribe of Noise makes a point to " @@ -3759,17 +3772,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2829 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2848 msgid "Ariely, Predictably Irrational, 87." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2839 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2858 msgid "Ibid., 105." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2824 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2843 msgid "" "When we treat people like humans, they typically return the gift in kind. " "It’s called karma. But social relationships are fragile. It is all too easy " @@ -3785,12 +3798,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2844 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2863 msgid "State your principles and stick to them" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2846 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2865 msgid "" "Being Made with Creative Commons makes a statement about who you are and " "what you do. The symbolism is powerful. Using Creative Commons licenses " @@ -3803,7 +3816,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2858 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2877 msgid "" "The expression of your values doesn’t have to be implicit. In fact, many of " "the people we interviewed talked about how important it is to state your " @@ -3816,12 +3829,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2873 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2892 msgid "Ibid., 36." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2869 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2888 msgid "" "When your end goal is not about making a profit, people trust that you " "aren’t just trying to extract value for your own gain. People notice when " @@ -3831,19 +3844,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2879 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2898 msgid "Build a community" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2887 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2906 msgid "" "Jono Bacon, The Art of Community, 2nd ed. (Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, " "2012), 36." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2881 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2900 msgid "" "Endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons thrive when community is built " "around what they do. This may mean a community collaborating together to " @@ -3856,109 +3869,112 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2903 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2922 msgid "Palmer, Art of Asking, 98." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2910 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2929 msgid "Whitehurst, Open Organization, 34." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2895 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2914 msgid "" "To be sustainable, though, you have to work to nurture community. People " "have to care—about you and each other. One critical piece to this is " "fostering a sense of belonging. As Jono Bacon writes in The Art of " -"Community, “If there is no belonging, there is no community.” For Amanda " -"Palmer and her band, that meant creating an accepting and inclusive " -"environment where people felt a part of their “weird little " -"family.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> For organizations like Red " -"Hat, that means connecting around common beliefs or goals. As the CEO Jim " -"Whitehurst wrote in The Open Organization, “Tapping into passion is " -"especially important in building the kinds of participative communities that " -"drive open organizations.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" +"Community, <quote>If there is no belonging, there is no community.</quote> " +"For Amanda Palmer and her band, that meant creating an accepting and " +"inclusive environment where people felt a part of their <quote>weird little " +"family.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> For organizations " +"like Red Hat, that means connecting around common beliefs or goals. As the " +"CEO Jim Whitehurst wrote in The Open Organization, <quote>Tapping into " +"passion is especially important in building the kinds of participative " +"communities that drive open organizations.</quote><placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2922 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2941 msgid "Surowiecki, Wisdom of Crowds, 200." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2926 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2945 msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 29." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2914 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2933 msgid "" "Communities that collaborate together take deliberate planning. Surowiecki " -"wrote, “It takes a lot of work to put the group together. It’s difficult to " -"ensure that people are working in the group’s interest and not in their own. " -"And when there’s a lack of trust between the members of the group (which " -"isn’t surprising given that they don’t really know each other), considerable " -"energy is wasted trying to determine each other’s bona fides.”<placeholder " -"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Building true community requires giving people " -"within the community the power to create or influence the rules that govern " -"the community.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> If the rules are " -"created and imposed in a top-down manner, people feel like they don’t have a " -"voice, which in turn leads to disengagement." +"wrote, <quote>It takes a lot of work to put the group together. It’s " +"difficult to ensure that people are working in the group’s interest and not " +"in their own. And when there’s a lack of trust between the members of the " +"group (which isn’t surprising given that they don’t really know each other), " +"considerable energy is wasted trying to determine each other’s bona fides.</" +"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Building true community " +"requires giving people within the community the power to create or influence " +"the rules that govern the community.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/" +"> If the rules are created and imposed in a top-down manner, people feel " +"like they don’t have a voice, which in turn leads to disengagement." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2932 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2951 msgid "" "Community takes work, but working together, or even simply being connected " "around common interests or values, is in many ways what sharing is about." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2938 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2957 msgid "Give more to the commons than you take" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2949 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2968 msgid "" -"Giana Eckhardt and Fleura Bardhi, “The Sharing Economy Isn’t about Sharing " -"at All,” Harvard Business Review (website), January 28, 2015, <ulink url=" -"\"http://hbr.org/2015/01/the-sharing-economy-isnt-about-sharing-at-all\"/>." +"Giana Eckhardt and Fleura Bardhi, <quote>The Sharing Economy Isn’t about " +"Sharing at All,</quote> Harvard Business Review (website), January 28, 2015, " +"<ulink url=\"http://hbr.org/2015/01/the-sharing-economy-isnt-about-sharing-" +"at-all\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2957 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2976 msgid "" "Lisa Gansky, The Mesh: Why the Future of Business Is Sharing, reprint with " "new epilogue (New York: Portfolio, 2012)." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2940 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2959 msgid "" "Conventional wisdom in the marketplace dictates that people should try to " "extract as much money as possible from resources. This is essentially what " "defines so much of the so-called sharing economy. In an article on the " -"Harvard Business Review website called “The Sharing Economy Isn’t about " -"Sharing at All,” authors Giana Eckhardt and Fleura Bardhi explained how the " -"anonymous market-driven trans-actions in most sharing-economy businesses are " -"purely about monetizing access.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> As " -"Lisa Gansky put it in her book The Mesh, the primary strategy of the sharing " -"economy is to sell the same product multiple times, by selling access rather " -"than ownership.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> That is not sharing." +"Harvard Business Review website called <quote>The Sharing Economy Isn’t " +"about Sharing at All,</quote> authors Giana Eckhardt and Fleura Bardhi " +"explained how the anonymous market-driven trans-actions in most sharing-" +"economy businesses are purely about monetizing access.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> As Lisa Gansky put it in her book The Mesh, the " +"primary strategy of the sharing economy is to sell the same product multiple " +"times, by selling access rather than ownership.<placeholder type=\"footnote" +"\" id=\"1\"/> That is not sharing." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2973 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2992 msgid "" -"David Lee, “Inside Medium: An Attempt to Bring Civility to the Internet,” " -"BBC News, March 3, 2016, <ulink url=\"http://www.bbc.com/news/" -"technology-35709680\"/>." +"David Lee, <quote>Inside Medium: An Attempt to Bring Civility to the " +"Internet,</quote> BBC News, March 3, 2016, <ulink url=\"http://www.bbc.com/" +"news/technology-35709680\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2963 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2982 msgid "" "Sharing requires adding as much or more value to the ecosystem than you " "take. You can’t simply treat open content as a free pool of resources from " @@ -3974,7 +3990,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2982 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3001 msgid "" "In all cases, it is important to openly acknowledge the amount of value you " "add versus that which you draw on that was created by others. Being " @@ -3986,28 +4002,28 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2993 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3012 msgid "Involve people in what you do" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2998 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3017 msgid "Anderson, Makers, 148." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3002 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3021 msgid "Shirky, Cognitive Surplus, 164." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3009 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3073 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3028 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3092 msgid "Whitehurst, foreword to Open Organization." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2995 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3014 msgid "" "Thanks to the Internet, we can tap into the talents and expertise of people " "around the globe. Chris Anderson calls it the Long Tail of talent." @@ -4023,12 +4039,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3022 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3041 msgid "Shirky, Cognitive Surplus, 144." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3013 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3032 msgid "" "As the success of Wikipedia demonstrates, editing an online encyclopedia is " "exactly the sort of activity that is perfect for massive co-creation because " @@ -4040,25 +4056,25 @@ msgid "" "\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3034 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><quote><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3053 msgid "Ibid., 154." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3046 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3065 msgid "Palmer, Art of Asking, 163." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3026 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3045 msgid "" "It is easy to romanticize the opportunities for global cocreation made " "possible by the Internet, and, indeed, the successful examples of it are " "truly incredible and inspiring. But in a wide range of circumstances—" "perhaps more often than not—community cocreation is not part of the " "equation, even within endeavors built on CC content. Shirky wrote, " -"“Sometimes the value of professional work trumps the value of amateur " +"<quote>Sometimes the value of professional work trumps the value of amateur " "sharing or a feeling of belonging.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> " "The textbook publisher OpenStax, which distributes all of its material for " "free under CC licensing, is an example of this dynamic. Rather than tapping " @@ -4068,45 +4084,46 @@ msgid "" "community cocreation is only rarely a part of the picture. Even musician " "Amanda Palmer, who is famous for her openness and involvement with her fans, " "said, “The only department where I wasn’t open to input was the writing, the " -"music itself.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" +"music itself.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3057 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3076 msgid "Anderson, Makers, 173." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3064 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3083 msgid "" "Tom Kelley and David Kelley, Creative Confidence: Unleashing the Potential " "within Us All (New York: Crown, 2013), 82." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3050 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3069 msgid "" "While we tend to immediately think of cocreation and remixing when we hear " "the word collaboration, you can also involve others in your creative process " "in more informal ways, by sharing half-baked ideas and early drafts, and " "interacting with the public to incubate ideas and get feedback. So-called " -"“making in public” opens the door to letting people feel more invested in " -"your creative work.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> And it shows a " -"nonterritorial approach to ideas and information. Stephen Covey (of The 7 " -"Habits of Highly Effective People fame) calls this the abundance mentality—" -"treating ideas like something plentiful—and it can create an environment " -"where collaboration flourishes.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" +"<quote>making in public</quote> opens the door to letting people feel more " +"invested in your creative work.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> And " +"it shows a nonterritorial approach to ideas and information. Stephen Covey " +"(of The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People fame) calls this the abundance " +"mentality—treating ideas like something plentiful—and it can create an " +"environment where collaboration flourishes.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" +"\"1\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3081 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3100 msgid "" "Rachel Botsman and Roo Rogers, What’s Mine Is Yours: The Rise of " "Collaborative Consumption (New York: Harper Business, 2010), 188." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3070 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3089 msgid "" "There is no one way to involve people in what you do. They key is finding a " "way for people to contribute on their terms, compelled by their own " @@ -4120,14 +4137,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3090 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3109 #, fuzzy #| msgid "Made With Creative Commons" msgid "The Creative Commons Licenses" msgstr "Gemacht Mit Creative Commons" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3092 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3111 msgid "" "All of the Creative Commons licenses grant a basic set of permissions. At a " "minimum, a CC- licensed work can be copied and shared in its original form " @@ -4142,17 +4159,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3106 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3125 msgid "Here are the six licenses:" msgstr "" -#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><informalfigure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3111 +#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3130 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001930000008D83BF99FC0821C489.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3119 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3128 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3142 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3158 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3170 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3183 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3196 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3216 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3228 +msgid "<placeholder type=\"inlinemediaobject\" id=\"0\"/>" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3135 msgid "" "The Attribution license (CC BY) lets others distribute, remix, tweak, and " "build upon your work, even commercially, as long as they credit you for the " @@ -4160,42 +4189,42 @@ msgid "" "Recommended for maximum dissemination and use of licensed materials." msgstr "" -#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><informalfigure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3128 +#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3144 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001930000008DFD3592CB17C4EC38.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3136 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3149 msgid "" "The Attribution-Share-Alike license (CC BY-SA) lets others remix, tweak, and " "build upon your work, even for commercial purposes, as long as they credit " "you and license their new creations under identical terms. This license is " -"often compared to “copyleft” free and open source software licenses. All new " -"works based on yours will carry the same license, so any derivatives will " -"also allow commercial use." +"often compared to <quote>copyleft</quote> free and open source software " +"licenses. All new works based on yours will carry the same license, so any " +"derivatives will also allow commercial use." msgstr "" -#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><informalfigure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3147 +#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3160 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001930000008D254882DE24793FEA.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3155 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3165 msgid "" "The Attribution-NoDerivs license (CC BY-ND) allows for redistribution, " "commercial and noncommercial, as long as it is passed along unchanged with " "credit to you." msgstr "" -#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><informalfigure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3162 +#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3172 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001930000008DCAF78FB61D1CBDA6.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3170 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3177 msgid "" "The Attribution-NonCommercial license (CC BY-NC) lets others remix, tweak, " "and build upon your work noncommercially. Although their new works must also " @@ -4203,26 +4232,26 @@ msgid "" "same terms." msgstr "" -#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><informalfigure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3178 +#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3185 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001930000008D16DA603376395620.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3186 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3190 msgid "" "The Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license (CC BY-NC-SA) lets others " "remix, tweak, and build upon your work noncommercially, as long as they " "credit you and license their new creations under the same terms." msgstr "" -#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><informalfigure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3194 +#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3198 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001930000008DC3FEF92B21310965.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3202 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3203 msgid "" "The Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs license (CC BY-NC-ND) is the most " "restrictive of our six main licenses, only allowing others to download your " @@ -4231,39 +4260,39 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3209 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3210 msgid "" "In addition to these six licenses, Creative Commons has two public-domain " "tools—one for creators and the other for those who manage collections of " "existing works by authors whose terms of copyright have expired:" msgstr "" -#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><informalfigure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3217 +#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3218 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001900000008DBE3414994CD27786.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3225 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3223 msgid "" "CC0 enables authors and copyright owners to dedicate their works to the " -"worldwide public domain (“no rights reserved”)." +"worldwide public domain (<quote>no rights reserved</quote>)." msgstr "" -#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><informalfigure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3231 +#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3230 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001900000008D36DCD649C5B1411F.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3239 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3235 msgid "" "The Creative Commons Public Domain Mark facilitates the labeling and " "discovery of works that are already free of known copyright restrictions." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3244 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3240 msgid "" "In our case studies, some use just one Creative Commons license, others use " "several. Attribution (found in thirteen case studies) and Attribution-" @@ -4276,7 +4305,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3255 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3251 msgid "" "There is a popular misconception that the three NonCommercial licenses " "offered by CC are the only options for those who want to make money off " @@ -4291,7 +4320,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3269 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3265 msgid "" "The decision to choose a NonCommercial and/or NoDerivs license comes down to " "how much you need to retain control over the creative work. The " @@ -4306,7 +4335,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3282 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3278 msgid "" "Other times the decision to use a more restrictive license is due to a " "concern about the integrity of the work. For example, the nonprofit " @@ -4315,7 +4344,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3289 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3285 msgid "" "There is no one right way. The NonCommercial and NoDerivs restrictions " "reflect the values and preferences of creators about how their creative work " @@ -4329,25 +4358,26 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3301 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3297 msgid "Note" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3304 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3300 msgid "" "For more about the licenses including examples and tips on sharing your work " -"in the digital commons, start with the Creative Commons page called “Share " -"Your Work” at <ulink url=\"http://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/\"/>." +"in the digital commons, start with the Creative Commons page called " +"<quote>Share Your Work</quote> at <ulink url=\"http://creativecommons.org/" +"share-your-work/\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3312 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3308 msgid "The Case Studies" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3315 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3311 msgid "" "The twenty-four case studies in this section were chosen from hundreds of " "nominations received from Kickstarter backers, Creative Commons staff, and " @@ -4359,7 +4389,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3325 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3321 msgid "" "We did background research and conducted interviews for each case study, " "based on the same set of basic questions about the endeavor. The idea for " @@ -4369,24 +4399,24 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3333 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3329 msgid "Arduino" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3336 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3332 msgid "" "Arduino is a for-profit open-source electronics platform and computer " "hardware and software company. Founded in 2005 in Italy." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3341 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3337 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.arduino.cc\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3343 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3339 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for physical " "copies (sales of boards, modules, shields, and kits), licensing a trademark " @@ -4394,38 +4424,38 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3348 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4189 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3344 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4195 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 4, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3351 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3347 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: David Cuartielles and Tom " "Igoe, cofounders" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3355 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4196 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4627 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4868 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5149 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5458 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5968 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6221 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6542 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6893 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7433 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7717 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8181 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8957 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3351 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4202 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4638 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4880 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5162 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5472 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5985 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6239 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6561 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6913 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7457 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7741 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8211 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8992 msgid "Profile written by Paul Stacey" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3359 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3355 msgid "" "In 2005, at the Interaction Design Institute Ivrea in northern Italy, " "teachers and students needed an easy way to use electronics and programming " @@ -4441,7 +4471,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3373 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3369 msgid "" "Arduino boards are able to read inputs—light on a sensor, a finger on a " "button, or a Twitter message—and turn it into outputs—activating a motor, " @@ -4452,29 +4482,30 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3383 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3378 msgid "" -"“The reasons for making Arduino open source are complicated,” Tom says. " -"Partly it was about supporting flexibility. The open-source nature of " -"Arduino empowers users to modify it and create a lot of different " -"variations, adding on top of what the founders build. David says this " -"“ended up strengthening the platform far beyond what we had even thought of " -"building.”" +"<quote>The reasons for making Arduino open source are complicated,</quote> " +"Tom says. Partly it was about supporting flexibility. The open-source nature " +"of Arduino empowers users to modify it and create a lot of different " +"variations, adding on top of what the founders build. David says this " +"<quote>ended up strengthening the platform far beyond what we had even " +"thought of building.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3391 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3387 msgid "" "For Tom another factor was the impending closure of the Ivrea design school. " "He’d seen other organizations close their doors and all their work and " "research just disappear. Open-sourcing ensured that Arduino would outlive " "the Ivrea closure. Persistence is one thing Tom really likes about open " "source. If key people leave, or a company shuts down, an open-source product " -"lives on. In Tom’s view, “Open sourcing makes it easier to trust a product.”" +"lives on. In Tom’s view, <quote>Open sourcing makes it easier to trust a " +"product.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3400 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3397 msgid "" "With the school closing, David and some of the other Arduino founders " "started a consulting firm and multidisciplinary design studio they called " @@ -4485,17 +4516,18 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3409 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3406 msgid "" "For Tom, part of Arduino’s success is because the founders made themselves " "the first customer of their product. They made products they themselves " -"personally wanted. It was a matter of “I need this thing,” not “If we make " -"this, we’ll make a lot of money.” Tom notes that being your own first " -"customer makes you more confident and convincing at selling your product." +"personally wanted. It was a matter of <quote>I need this thing,</quote> not " +"<quote>If we make this, we’ll make a lot of money.</quote> Tom notes that " +"being your own first customer makes you more confident and convincing at " +"selling your product." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3417 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3414 msgid "" "Arduino’s business model has evolved over time—and Tom says model is a " "grandiose term for it. Originally, they just wanted to make a few boards and " @@ -4510,7 +4542,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3431 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3428 msgid "" "Arduino now has a worldwide community of makers—students, hobbyists, " "artists, programmers, and professionals. Arduino provides a wiki called " @@ -4526,7 +4558,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3445 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3442 msgid "" "Transitioning Arduino from a project to a company was a big step. Other " "businesses who made boards were charging a lot of money for them. Arduino " @@ -4537,17 +4569,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3453 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3450 msgid "" "For a business, getting to the end of the year and not being in the red is a " "success. Arduino may have an open-licensing strategy, but they are still a " "business, and all the things needed to successfully run one still apply. " -"David says, “If you do those other things well, sharing things in an open-" -"source way can only help you.”" +"David says, <quote>If you do those other things well, sharing things in an " +"open-source way can only help you.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3461 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3458 msgid "" "While openly licensing the designs, documentation, and software ensures " "longevity, it does have risks. There’s a possibility that others will create " @@ -4561,7 +4593,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3473 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3470 msgid "" "Tom and David say that a lot of people have built companies off of Arduino, " "with dozens of Arduino derivatives out there. But in contrast to closed " @@ -4574,12 +4606,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3493 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3490 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Products\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3484 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3481 msgid "" "Over time, the range of Arduino products has diversified, changing and " "adapting to new needs and challenges. In addition to simple entry level " @@ -4593,21 +4625,22 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3496 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3493 msgid "" "Arduino’s focus is on high-quality boards, well-designed support materials, " "and the building of community; this focus is one of the keys to their " "success. And being open lets you build a real community. David says " "Arduino’s community is a big strength and something that really does matter—" -"in his words, “It’s good business.” When they started, the Arduino team had " -"almost entirely no idea how to build a community. They started by conducting " -"numerous workshops, working directly with people using the platform to make " -"sure the hardware and software worked the way it was meant to work and " -"solved people’s problems. The community grew organically from there." +"in his words, <quote>It’s good business.</quote> When they started, the " +"Arduino team had almost entirely no idea how to build a community. They " +"started by conducting numerous workshops, working directly with people using " +"the platform to make sure the hardware and software worked the way it was " +"meant to work and solved people’s problems. The community grew organically " +"from there." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3509 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3506 msgid "" "A key decision for Arduino was trademarking the name. The founders needed a " "way to guarantee to people that they were buying a quality product from a " @@ -4621,7 +4654,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3521 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3518 msgid "" "Current official manufacturers are Smart Projects in Italy, SparkFun in the " "United States, and Dog Hunter in Taiwan/China. These are the only " @@ -4633,7 +4666,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3531 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3528 msgid "" "How far to open things up wasn’t always something the founders perfectly " "agreed on. David, who was always one to advocate for opening things up more, " @@ -4644,12 +4677,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3552 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3549 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://blog.arduino.cc/2013/07/10/send-in-the-clones/\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3540 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3537 msgid "" "David encourages people and businesses to start by sharing everything as a " "default strategy, and then think about whether there is anything that really " @@ -4657,36 +4690,37 @@ msgid "" "certain elements. This strategy of sharing everything is certainly the " "complete opposite of how today’s world operates, where nothing is shared. " "Tom suggests a business formalize which elements are based on open sharing " -"and which are closed. An Arduino blog post from 2013 entitled “Send In the " -"Clones,” by one of the founders Massimo Banzi, does a great job of " -"explaining the full complexities of how trademarking their brand has played " -"out, distinguishing between official boards and those that are clones, " -"derivatives, compatibles, and counterfeits.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" -"\"0\"/>" +"and which are closed. An Arduino blog post from 2013 entitled <quote>Send In " +"the Clones,</quote> by one of the founders Massimo Banzi, does a great job " +"of explaining the full complexities of how trademarking their brand has " +"played out, distinguishing between official boards and those that are " +"clones, derivatives, compatibles, and counterfeits.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3555 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3552 msgid "" "For David, an exciting aspect of Arduino is the way lots of people can use " "it to adapt technology in many different ways. Technology is always making " "more things possible but doesn’t always focus on making it easy to use and " -"adapt. This is where Arduino steps in. Arduino’s goal is “making things " -"that help other people make things.”" +"adapt. This is where Arduino steps in. Arduino’s goal is <quote>making " +"things that help other people make things.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3563 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3560 msgid "" "Arduino has been hugely successful in making technology and electronics " -"reach a larger audience. For Tom, Arduino has been about “the " -"democratization of technology.” Tom sees Arduino’s open-source strategy as " -"helping the world get over the idea that technology has to be protected. Tom " -"says, “Technology is a literacy everyone should learn.”" +"reach a larger audience. For Tom, Arduino has been about <quote>the " +"democratization of technology.</quote> Tom sees Arduino’s open-source " +"strategy as helping the world get over the idea that technology has to be " +"protected. Tom says, <quote>Technology is a literacy everyone should learn.</" +"quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3571 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3568 msgid "" "Ultimately, for Arduino, going open has been good business—good for product " "development, good for distribution, good for pricing, and good for " @@ -4694,12 +4728,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3577 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3574 msgid "Ártica" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3580 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3577 msgid "" "Ártica provides online courses and consulting services focused on how to use " "digital technology to share knowledge and enable collaboration in arts and " @@ -4707,45 +4741,45 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3585 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3582 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.articaonline.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3587 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3584 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for custom " "services" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3590 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3587 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: March 9, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3592 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3589 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: Mariana Fossatti and " "Jorge Gemetto, cofounders" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3596 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3783 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3975 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4394 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5760 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7204 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7985 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8507 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8728 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9194 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3593 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3784 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3980 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4401 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5774 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7225 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8009 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8537 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8759 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9230 msgid "Profile written by Sarah Hinchliff Pearson" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3600 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3597 msgid "" "The story of Mariana Fossatti and Jorge Gemetto’s business, Ártica, is the " "ultimate example of DIY. Not only are they successful entrepreneurs, the " @@ -4754,12 +4788,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3606 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3603 msgid "Their dream jobs didn’t exist, so they created them." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3609 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3606 msgid "" "In 2011, Mariana was a sociologist working for an international organization " "to develop research and online education about rural-development issues. " @@ -4772,7 +4806,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3621 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3618 msgid "" "Ártica feels like a uniquely twenty-first century business. The small " "company has a global online presence with no physical offices. Jorge and " @@ -4787,30 +4821,31 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3634 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3631 msgid "" "Ártica offers personalized education and consulting services, and helps " "clients implement projects. All of these services are customized. They call " -"it an “artisan” process because of the time and effort it takes to adapt " -"their work for the particular needs of students and clients. “Each student " -"or client is paying for a specific solution to his or her problems and " -"questions,” Mariana said. Rather than sell access to their content, they " -"provide it for free and charge for the personalized services." +"it an <quote>artisan</quote> process because of the time and effort it takes " +"to adapt their work for the particular needs of students and clients. " +"<quote>Each student or client is paying for a specific solution to his or " +"her problems and questions,</quote> Mariana said. Rather than sell access to " +"their content, they provide it for free and charge for the personalized " +"services." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3644 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3642 msgid "" "When they started, they offered a smaller number of courses designed to " -"attract large audiences. “Over the years, we realized that online " -"communities are more specific than we thought,” Mariana said. Ártica now " -"provides more options for classes and has lower enrollment in each course. " -"This means they can provide more attention to individual students and offer " -"classes on more specialized topics." +"attract large audiences. <quote>Over the years, we realized that online " +"communities are more specific than we thought,</quote> Mariana said. Ártica " +"now provides more options for classes and has lower enrollment in each " +"course. This means they can provide more attention to individual students " +"and offer classes on more specialized topics." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3653 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3651 msgid "" "Online courses are their biggest revenue stream, but they also do more than " "a dozen consulting projects each year, ranging from digitization to event " @@ -4820,7 +4855,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3661 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3659 msgid "" "Ártica also seeks out public and private funding for specific projects. " "Sometimes, even if they are unsuccessful in subsidizing a project like a new " @@ -4830,24 +4865,24 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3669 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3667 msgid "" "Ártica relies heavily on their free Creative Commons–licensed content to " "attract new students and clients. Everything they create—online education, " "blog posts, videos—is published under an Attribution-ShareAlike license (CC " -"BY-SA). “We use a ShareAlike license because we want to give the greatest " -"freedom to our students and readers, and we also want that freedom to be " -"viral,” Jorge said. For them, giving others the right to reuse and remix " -"their content is a fundamental value. “How can you offer an online " -"educational service without giving permission to download, make and keep " -"copies, or print the educational resources?” Jorge said. “If we want to do " -"the best for our students—those who trust in us to the point that they are " -"willing to pay online without face-to-face contact—we have to offer them a " -"fair and ethical agreement.”" +"BY-SA). <quote>We use a ShareAlike license because we want to give the " +"greatest freedom to our students and readers, and we also want that freedom " +"to be viral,</quote> Jorge said. For them, giving others the right to reuse " +"and remix their content is a fundamental value. <quote>How can you offer an " +"online educational service without giving permission to download, make and " +"keep copies, or print the educational resources?</quote> Jorge said. " +"<quote>If we want to do the best for our students—those who trust in us to " +"the point that they are willing to pay online without face-to-face contact—" +"we have to offer them a fair and ethical agreement.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3685 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3683 msgid "" "They also believe sharing their ideas and expertise openly helps them build " "their reputation and visibility. People often share and cite their work. A " @@ -4857,36 +4892,38 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3693 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3691 msgid "" "This belief that openness creates new opportunities reflects another belief—" "in serendipity. When describing their process for creating content, they " "spoke of all of the spontaneous and organic ways they find inspiration. " -"“Sometimes, the collaborative process starts with a conversation between us, " -"or with friends from other projects,” Jorge said. “That can be the first " -"step for a new blog post or another simple piece of content, which can " -"evolve to a more complex product in the future, like a course or a book.”" +"<quote>Sometimes, the collaborative process starts with a conversation " +"between us, or with friends from other projects,</quote> Jorge said. " +"<quote>That can be the first step for a new blog post or another simple " +"piece of content, which can evolve to a more complex product in the future, " +"like a course or a book.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3703 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3702 msgid "" "Rather than planning their work in advance, they let their creative process " -"be dynamic. “This doesn’t mean that we don’t need to work hard in order to " -"get good professional results, but the design process is more flexible,” " -"Jorge said. They share early and often, and they adjust based on what they " -"learn, always exploring and testing new ideas and ways of operating. In many " -"ways, for them, the process is just as important as the final product." +"be dynamic. <quote>This doesn’t mean that we don’t need to work hard in " +"order to get good professional results, but the design process is more " +"flexible,</quote> Jorge said. They share early and often, and they adjust " +"based on what they learn, always exploring and testing new ideas and ways of " +"operating. In many ways, for them, the process is just as important as the " +"final product." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> #: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3712 msgid "" -"People and relationships are also just as important, sometimes more. “In the " -"educational and cultural business, it is more important to pay attention to " -"people and process, rather than content or specific formats or materials,” " -"Mariana said. “Materials and content are fluid. The important thing is the " -"relationships.”" +"People and relationships are also just as important, sometimes more. " +"<quote>In the educational and cultural business, it is more important to pay " +"attention to people and process, rather than content or specific formats or " +"materials,</quote> Mariana said. <quote>Materials and content are fluid. " +"The important thing is the relationships.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> @@ -4900,20 +4937,20 @@ msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> #: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3725 msgid "" -"At the core of everything Ártica does is a set of values. “Good content is " -"not enough,” Jorge said. “We also think that it is very important to take a " -"stand for some things in the cultural sector.” Mariana and Jorge are " -"activists. They defend free culture (the movement promoting the freedom to " -"modify and distribute creative work) and work to demonstrate the " -"intersection between free culture and other social-justice movements. Their " -"efforts to involve people in their work and enable artists and cultural " -"institutions to better use technology are all tied closely to their belief " -"system. Ultimately, what drives their work is a mission to democratize art " -"and culture." +"At the core of everything Ártica does is a set of values. <quote>Good " +"content is not enough,</quote> Jorge said. <quote>We also think that it is " +"very important to take a stand for some things in the cultural sector.</" +"quote> Mariana and Jorge are activists. They defend free culture (the " +"movement promoting the freedom to modify and distribute creative work) and " +"work to demonstrate the intersection between free culture and other social-" +"justice movements. Their efforts to involve people in their work and enable " +"artists and cultural institutions to better use technology are all tied " +"closely to their belief system. Ultimately, what drives their work is a " +"mission to democratize art and culture." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3738 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3739 msgid "" "Of course, Ártica also has to make enough money to cover its expenses. Human " "resources are, by far, their biggest expense. They tap a network of " @@ -4926,11 +4963,11 @@ msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> #: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3747 msgid "" -"“There are lots of people offering online courses,” Jorge said. “But it is " -"easy to differentiate us. We have an approach that is very specific and " -"personal.” Ártica’s model is rooted in the personal at every level. For " -"Mariana and Jorge, success means doing what brings them personal meaning and " -"purpose, and doing it sustainably and collaboratively." +"<quote>There are lots of people offering online courses,</quote> Jorge said. " +"<quote>But it is easy to differentiate us. We have an approach that is very " +"specific and personal.</quote> Ártica’s model is rooted in the personal at " +"every level. For Mariana and Jorge, success means doing what brings them " +"personal meaning and purpose, and doing it sustainably and collaboratively." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> @@ -4938,49 +4975,49 @@ msgstr "" msgid "" "In their work with younger artists, Mariana and Jorge try to emphasize that " "this model of success is just as valuable as the picture of success we get " -"from the media. “If they seek only the traditional type of success, they " -"will get frustrated,” Mariana said. “We try to show them another image of " -"what it looks like.”" +"from the media. <quote>If they seek only the traditional type of success, " +"they will get frustrated,</quote> Mariana said. <quote>We try to show them " +"another image of what it looks like.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3763 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3764 msgid "Blender Institute" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3766 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3767 msgid "" "The Blender Institute is an animation studio that creates 3-D films using " "Blender software. Founded in 2006 in the Netherlands." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3771 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3772 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.blender.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3773 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3774 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: crowdfunding " "(subscription-based), charging for physical copies, selling merchandise" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3777 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3778 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: March 8, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3779 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3780 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Francesco Siddi, " "production coordinator" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3787 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3788 msgid "" "For Ton Roosendaal, the creator of Blender software and its related " "entities, sharing is practical. Making their 3-D content creation software " @@ -4993,7 +5030,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3798 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3799 msgid "" "Each open-movie project Blender runs produces a host of openly licensed " "outputs, not just the final film itself but all of the source material as " @@ -5005,16 +5042,16 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3808 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3809 msgid "" "Rather than just talking about the theoretical benefits of sharing and free " "culture, Ton is very much about doing and making free culture. Blender’s " -"production coordinator Francesco Siddi told us, “Ton believes if you don’t " -"make content using your tools, then you’re not doing anything.”" +"production coordinator Francesco Siddi told us, <quote>Ton believes if you " +"don’t make content using your tools, then you’re not doing anything.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3815 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3816 msgid "" "Blender’s history begins in the late 1990s, when Ton created the Blender " "software. Originally, the software was an in-house resource for his " @@ -5027,31 +5064,32 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3826 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3827 msgid "" "This was long before Kickstarter and other online crowdfunding sites " "existed, but Ton ran his own version of a crowdfunding campaign and quickly " "raised the money he needed. The Blender software became freely available for " "anyone to use. Simply applying the General Public License to the software, " "however, was not enough to create a thriving community around it. Francesco " -"told us, “Software of this complexity relies on people and their vision of " -"how people work together. Ton is a fantastic community builder and manager, " -"and he put a lot of work into fostering a community of developers so that " -"the project could live.”" +"told us, <quote>Software of this complexity relies on people and their " +"vision of how people work together. Ton is a fantastic community builder and " +"manager, and he put a lot of work into fostering a community of developers " +"so that the project could live.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3838 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3840 msgid "" "Like any successful free and open-source software project, Blender developed " -"quickly because the community could make fixes and improvements. “Software " -"should be free and open to hack,” Francesco said. “Otherwise, everyone is " -"doing the same thing in the dark for ten years.” Ton set up the Blender " -"Foundation to oversee and steward the software development and maintenance." +"quickly because the community could make fixes and improvements. " +"<quote>Software should be free and open to hack,</quote> Francesco said. " +"<quote>Otherwise, everyone is doing the same thing in the dark for ten years." +"</quote> Ton set up the Blender Foundation to oversee and steward the " +"software development and maintenance." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3846 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3849 msgid "" "After a few years, Ton began looking for new ways to push development of the " "software. He came up with the idea of creating CC-licensed films using the " @@ -5063,18 +5101,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3856 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3859 msgid "" "They turned to crowdfunding to subsidize the costs of the project. They had " "about twenty people working full-time for six to ten months, so the costs " "were significant. Francesco said that when their crowdfunding campaign " -"succeeded, people were astounded. “The idea that making money was possible " -"by producing CC-licensed material was mind-blowing to people,” he said. " -"“They were like, ‘I have to see it to believe it.’”" +"succeeded, people were astounded. <quote>The idea that making money was " +"possible by producing CC-licensed material was mind-blowing to people,</" +"quote> he said. <quote>They were like, <quote>I have to see it to believe " +"it.</quote></quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3865 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3869 msgid "" "The first film, which was released in 2006, was an experiment. It was so " "successful that Ton decided to set up the Blender Institute, an entity " @@ -5084,7 +5123,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3873 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3877 msgid "" "Francesco said that, over time, the Blender Institute projects have gotten " "bigger and more prominent. That means the filmmaking process has become more " @@ -5092,34 +5131,37 @@ msgid "" "Francesco says the process is almost on an industrial scale because of the " "number of moving parts. This requires a lot of specialized assistance, but " "the Blender Institute has no problem finding the talent it needs to help on " -"projects. “Blender hardly does any recruiting for film projects because the " -"talent emerges naturally,” Francesco said. “So many people want to work " -"with us, and we can’t always hire them because of budget constraints.”" +"projects. <quote>Blender hardly does any recruiting for film projects " +"because the talent emerges naturally,</quote> Francesco said. <quote>So many " +"people want to work with us, and we can’t always hire them because of budget " +"constraints.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3886 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3890 msgid "" "Blender has had a lot of success raising money from its community over the " "years. In many ways, the pitch has gotten easier to make. Not only is " "crowdfunding simply more familiar to the public, but people know and trust " "Blender to deliver, and Ton has developed a reputation as an effective " -"community leader and visionary for their work. “There is a whole community " -"who sees and understands the benefit of these projects,” Francesco said." +"community leader and visionary for their work. <quote>There is a whole " +"community who sees and understands the benefit of these projects,</quote> " +"Francesco said." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3895 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3899 msgid "" "While these benefits of each open-movie project make a compelling pitch for " "crowdfunding campaigns, Francesco told us the Blender Institute has found " "some limitations in the standard crowdfunding model where you propose a " -"specific project and ask for funding. “Once a project is over, everyone " -"goes home,” he said. “It is great fun, but then it ends. That is a problem.”" +"specific project and ask for funding. <quote>Once a project is over, " +"everyone goes home,</quote> he said. <quote>It is great fun, but then it " +"ends. That is a problem.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3903 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3908 msgid "" "To make their work more sustainable, they needed a way to receive ongoing " "support rather than on a project-by-project basis. Their solution is Blender " @@ -5136,16 +5178,16 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3918 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3923 msgid "" "The continuous financial support provided by Blender Cloud subsidizes five " "to six full-time employees at the Blender Institute. Francesco says their " -"goal is to grow their subscriber base. “This is our freedom,” he told us, " -"“and for artists, freedom is everything.”" +"goal is to grow their subscriber base. <quote>This is our freedom,</quote> " +"he told us, <quote>and for artists, freedom is everything.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3925 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3930 msgid "" "Blender Cloud is the primary revenue stream of the Blender Institute. The " "Blender Foundation is funded primarily by donations, and that money goes " @@ -5156,7 +5198,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3934 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3939 msgid "" "Ton has worked on projects relating to his Blender software for nearly " "twenty years. Throughout most of that time, he has been committed to making " @@ -5165,78 +5207,79 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3941 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3946 msgid "" "Since 2006, he has been making films available along with all of their " "source material. He says he has hardly ever seen people stepping into " "Blender’s shoes and trying to make money off of their content. Ton believes " "this is because the true value of what they do is in the creative and " -"production process. “Even when you share everything, all your original " +"production process. <quote>Even when you share everything, all your original " "sources, it still takes a lot of talent, skills, time, and budget to " -"reproduce what you did,” Ton said." +"reproduce what you did,</quote> Ton said." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3951 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3956 msgid "For Ton and Blender, it all comes back to doing." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3955 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3960 msgid "Cards Against Humanity" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3958 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3963 msgid "" "Cards Against Humanity is a private, for-profit company that makes a popular " "party game by the same name. Founded in 2011 in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3963 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3968 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.cardsagainsthumanity.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3965 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3970 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for physical " "copies" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3968 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3973 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 3, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3971 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3976 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Max Temkin, cofounder" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3979 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3984 msgid "" "If you ask cofounder Max Temkin, there is nothing particularly interesting " -"about the Cards Against Humanity business model. “We make a product. We sell " -"it for money. Then we spend less money than we make,” Max said." +"about the Cards Against Humanity business model. <quote>We make a product. " +"We sell it for money. Then we spend less money than we make,</quote> Max " +"said." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3985 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3990 msgid "" "He is right. Cards Against Humanity is a simple party game, modeled after " "the game Apples to Apples. To play, one player asks a question or fill-in-" "the-blank statement from a black card, and the other players submit their " "funniest white card in response. The catch is that all of the cards are " "filled with crude, gruesome, and otherwise awful things. For the right kind " -"of people (“horrible people,” according to Cards Against Humanity " -"advertising), this makes for a hilarious and fun game." +"of people (<quote>horrible people,</quote> according to Cards Against " +"Humanity advertising), this makes for a hilarious and fun game." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3995 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4000 msgid "" "The revenue model is simple. Physical copies of the game are sold for a " "profit. And it works. At the time of this writing, Cards Against Humanity is " @@ -5246,7 +5289,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4003 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4008 msgid "" "But Cards Against Humanity is also available for free. Anyone can download a " "digital version of the game on the Cards Against Humanity website. More than " @@ -5255,7 +5298,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4009 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4014 msgid "" "The game is available under an Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license " "(CC BY-NC-SA). That means, in addition to copying the game, anyone can " @@ -5265,7 +5308,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4017 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4022 msgid "" "All together, these factors—the crass tone of the game and company, the free " "download, the openness to fans remixing the game—give the game a massive " @@ -5273,7 +5316,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4022 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4027 msgid "" "Their success is not the result of a grand plan. Instead, Cards Against " "Humanity was the last in a long line of games and comedy projects that Max " @@ -5288,24 +5331,24 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4035 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4040 msgid "" "The game caught on quickly, and it has only grown more popular over time. " "Max says the eight founders never had a meeting where they decided to make " -"it an ongoing business. “It kind of just happened,” he said." +"it an ongoing business. <quote>It kind of just happened,</quote> he said." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4041 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4046 msgid "" -"But this tale of a “happy accident” belies marketing genius. Just like the " -"game, the Cards Against Humanity brand is irreverent and memorable. It is " -"hard to forget a company that calls the FAQ on their website “Your dumb " -"questions.”" +"But this tale of a <quote>happy accident</quote> belies marketing genius. " +"Just like the game, the Cards Against Humanity brand is irreverent and " +"memorable. It is hard to forget a company that calls the FAQ on their " +"website <quote>Your dumb questions.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4047 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4052 msgid "" "Like most quality satire, however, there is more to the joke than vulgarity " "and shock value. The company’s marketing efforts around Black Friday " @@ -5314,41 +5357,42 @@ msgid "" "biggest shopping day of the year. It is an incredibly important day for " "Cards Against Humanity, like it is for all U.S. retailers. Max said they " "struggled with what to do on Black Friday because they didn’t want to " -"support what he called the “orgy of consumerism” the day has become, " -"particularly since it follows a day that is about being grateful for what " -"you have. In 2013, after deliberating, they decided to have an Everything " -"Costs $5 More sale." +"support what he called the <quote>orgy of consumerism</quote> the day has " +"become, particularly since it follows a day that is about being grateful for " +"what you have. In 2013, after deliberating, they decided to have an " +"Everything Costs $5 More sale." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4061 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4065 msgid "" -"“We sweated it out the night before Black Friday, wondering if our fans were " -"going to hate us for it,” he said. “But it made us laugh so we went with it. " -"People totally caught the joke.”" +"<quote>We sweated it out the night before Black Friday, wondering if our " +"fans were going to hate us for it,</quote> he said. <quote>But it made us " +"laugh so we went with it. People totally caught the joke.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4066 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4071 msgid "" "This sort of bold transparency delights the media, but more importantly, it " -"engages their fans. “One of the most surprising things you can do in " -"capitalism is just be honest with people,” Max said. “It shocks people that " -"there is transparency about what you are doing.”" +"engages their fans. <quote>One of the most surprising things you can do in " +"capitalism is just be honest with people,</quote> Max said. <quote>It shocks " +"people that there is transparency about what you are doing.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4073 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4078 msgid "" -"Max also likened it to a grand improv scene. “If we do something a little " -"subversive and unexpected, the public wants to be a part of the joke.” One " -"year they did a Give Cards Against Humanity $5 event, where people literally " -"paid them five dollars for no reason. Their fans wanted to make the joke " -"funnier by making it successful. They made $70,000 in a single day." +"Max also likened it to a grand improv scene. <quote>If we do something a " +"little subversive and unexpected, the public wants to be a part of the joke." +"</quote> One year they did a Give Cards Against Humanity $5 event, where " +"people literally paid them five dollars for no reason. Their fans wanted to " +"make the joke funnier by making it successful. They made $70,000 in a single " +"day." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4081 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4086 msgid "" "This remarkable trust they have in their customers is what inspired their " "decision to apply a Creative Commons license to the game. Trusting your " @@ -5356,14 +5400,14 @@ msgid "" "Against Humanity obviously isn’t afraid of doing the unexpected, but there " "are lines even they do not want to cross. Before applying the license, Max " "said they worried that some fans would adapt the game to include all of the " -"jokes they intentionally never made because they crossed that line. “It " -"happened, and the world didn’t end,” Max said. “If that is the worst cost of " -"using CC, I’d pay that a hundred times over because there are so many " -"benefits.”" +"jokes they intentionally never made because they crossed that line. " +"<quote>It happened, and the world didn’t end,</quote> Max said. <quote>If " +"that is the worst cost of using CC, I’d pay that a hundred times over " +"because there are so many benefits.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4094 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4099 msgid "" "Any successful product inspires its biggest fans to create remixes of it, " "but unsanctioned adaptations are more likely to fly under the radar. The " @@ -5373,43 +5417,44 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4102 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4107 msgid "" -"Max said, “CC was a no-brainer for us because it gets the most people " +"Max said, <quote>CC was a no-brainer for us because it gets the most people " "involved. Making the game free and available under a CC license led to the " "unbelievable situation where we are one of the best-marketed games in the " -"world, and we have never spent a dime on marketing.”" +"world, and we have never spent a dime on marketing.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4109 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4114 msgid "" "Of course, there are limits to what the company allows its customers to do " "with the game. They chose the Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license " "because it restricts people from using the game to make money. It also " "requires that adaptations of the game be made available under the same " "licensing terms if they are shared publicly. Cards Against Humanity also " -"polices its brand. “We feel like we’re the only ones who can use our brand " -"and our game and make money off of it,” Max said. About 99.9 percent of the " -"time, they just send an email to those making commercial use of the game, " -"and that is the end of it. There have only been a handful of instances where " -"they had to get a lawyer involved." +"polices its brand. <quote>We feel like we’re the only ones who can use our " +"brand and our game and make money off of it,</quote> Max said. About 99.9 " +"percent of the time, they just send an email to those making commercial use " +"of the game, and that is the end of it. There have only been a handful of " +"instances where they had to get a lawyer involved." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4123 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4128 msgid "" "Just as there is more than meets the eye to the Cards Against Humanity " "business model, the same can be said of the game itself. To be playable, " "every white card has to work syntactically with enough black cards. The " "eight creators invest an incredible amount of work into creating new cards " -"for the game. “We have daylong arguments about commas,” Max said. “The " -"slacker tone of the cards gives people the impression that it is easy to " -"write them, but it is actually a lot of work and quibbling.”" +"for the game. <quote>We have daylong arguments about commas,</quote> Max " +"said. <quote>The slacker tone of the cards gives people the impression that " +"it is easy to write them, but it is actually a lot of work and quibbling.</" +"quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4133 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4139 msgid "" "That means cocreation with their fans really doesn’t work. The company has a " "submission mechanism on their website, and they get thousands of " @@ -5422,27 +5467,28 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4144 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4150 msgid "" "For all of their success, the creators of Cards Against Humanity are only " "partially motivated by money. Max says they have always been interested in " -"the Walt Disney philosophy of financial success. “We don’t make jokes and " -"games to make money—we make money so we can make more jokes and games,” he " -"said." +"the Walt Disney philosophy of financial success. <quote>We don’t make jokes " +"and games to make money—we make money so we can make more jokes and games,</" +"quote> he said." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4151 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4157 msgid "" "In fact, the company has given more than $4 million to various charities and " -"causes. “Cards is not our life plan,” Max said. “We all have other interests " -"and hobbies. We are passionate about other things going on in our lives. A " -"lot of the activism we have done comes out of us taking things from the rest " -"of our lives and channeling some of the excitement from the game into it.”" +"causes. <quote>Cards is not our life plan,</quote> Max said. <quote>We all " +"have other interests and hobbies. We are passionate about other things going " +"on in our lives. A lot of the activism we have done comes out of us taking " +"things from the rest of our lives and channeling some of the excitement from " +"the game into it.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4159 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4166 msgid "" "Seeing money as fuel rather than the ultimate goal is what has enabled them " "to embrace Creative Commons licensing without reservation. CC licensing " @@ -5452,21 +5498,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4167 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4173 msgid "" -"“It’s not right for everyone to release everything under CC licensing,” Max " -"said. “If your only goal is to make a lot of money, then CC is not best " -"strategy. This kind of business model, though, speaks to your values, and " -"who you are and why you’re making things.”" +"<quote>It’s not right for everyone to release everything under CC licensing," +"</quote> Max said. <quote>If your only goal is to make a lot of money, then " +"CC is not best strategy. This kind of business model, though, speaks to your " +"values, and who you are and why you’re making things.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4175 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4181 msgid "The Conversation" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4178 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4184 msgid "" "The Conversation is an independent source of news, sourced from the academic " "and research community and delivered direct to the public over the Internet. " @@ -5474,12 +5520,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4183 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4189 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://theconversation.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4185 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4191 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging content " "creators (universities pay membership fees to have their faculties serve as " @@ -5487,13 +5533,13 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4192 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4198 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Andrew Jaspan, founder" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4200 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4206 msgid "" "Andrew Jaspan spent years as an editor of major newspapers including the " "Observer in London, the Sunday Herald in Glasgow, and the Age in Melbourne, " @@ -5504,7 +5550,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4210 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4216 msgid "" "Around the time he left his job as editor of the Melbourne Age, Andrew " "wondered where citizens would get news grounded in fact and evidence rather " @@ -5514,7 +5560,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4217 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4223 msgid "" "While at the Age, he’d become friends with a vice-chancellor of a university " "in Melbourne who encouraged him to talk to smart people across campus—an " @@ -5535,7 +5581,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4238 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4244 msgid "" "Andrew believed he could to help connect academics back into the public " "arena, and maybe help society find solutions to big problems. He thought " @@ -5550,7 +5596,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4251 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4257 msgid "" "The people he spoke to liked this idea, and Andrew embarked on raising money " "and support with the help of the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial " @@ -5564,7 +5610,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4264 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4270 msgid "" "The Conversation is founded on the belief that underpinning a functioning " "democracy is access to independent, high-quality, informative journalism. " @@ -5576,12 +5622,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4277 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4283 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://theconversation.com/us/charter\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4275 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4281 msgid "" "Andrew worked hard to reinvent a methodology for creating reliable, credible " "content. He introduced strict new working practices, a charter, and codes of " @@ -5598,7 +5644,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4290 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4296 msgid "" "Creative Commons help with these goals; articles are published with the " "Attribution- NoDerivs license (CC BY-ND). They’re freely available for " @@ -5612,7 +5658,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4302 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4308 msgid "" "When readers come across the Conversation, they seem to like what they find " "and recommend it to their friends, peers, and networks. Readership has " @@ -5622,7 +5668,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4310 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4316 msgid "" "It’s usual for the founders of any company to ask themselves what kind of " "company it should be. It quickly became clear to the founders of the " @@ -5633,7 +5679,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4319 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4325 msgid "" "There are now different editions of the Conversation for Africa, the United " "Kingdom, France, and the United States, in addition to the one for " @@ -5645,7 +5691,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4329 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4335 msgid "" "Additionally, each edition has its own set of founding partners, strategic " "partners, and funders. They’ve received funding from foundations, " @@ -5656,17 +5702,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4338 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4344 msgid "" "When professors from member universities write an article, there is some " "branding of the university associated with the article. On the Conversation " -"website, paying university members are listed as “members and funders.” " -"Early participants may be designated as “founding members,” with seats on " -"the editorial advisory board." +"website, paying university members are listed as <quote>members and funders." +"</quote> Early participants may be designated as <quote>founding members,</" +"quote> with seats on the editorial advisory board." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4345 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4352 msgid "" "Academics are not paid for their contributions, but they get free editing " "from a professional (four to five hours per piece, on average). They also " @@ -5678,7 +5724,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4355 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4362 msgid "" "The Conversation plans to expand the dashboard to show not just reach but " "impact. This tracks activities, behaviors, and events that occurred as a " @@ -5688,7 +5734,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4363 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4370 msgid "" "These reach and impact metrics show the benefits of membership. With the " "Conversation, universities can engage with the public and show why they’re " @@ -5696,59 +5742,59 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4368 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4375 msgid "" -"With its tagline, “Academic Rigor, Journalistic Flair,” the Conversation " -"represents a new form of journalism that contributes to a more informed " -"citizenry and improved democracy around the world. Its open business model " -"and use of Creative Commons show how it’s possible to generate both a public " -"good and operational revenue at the same time." +"With its tagline, <quote>Academic Rigor, Journalistic Flair,</quote> the " +"Conversation represents a new form of journalism that contributes to a more " +"informed citizenry and improved democracy around the world. Its open " +"business model and use of Creative Commons show how it’s possible to " +"generate both a public good and operational revenue at the same time." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4377 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4384 msgid "Cory Doctorow" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4380 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4387 msgid "" "Cory Doctorow is a science fiction writer, activist, blogger, and " "journalist. Based in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4383 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4390 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://craphound.com\"/> and <ulink url=\"http://boingboing.net" "\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4386 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4393 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for physical " "copies (book sales), pay-what-you-want, selling translation rights to books" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4390 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4397 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: January 12, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4398 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4405 msgid "" -"Cory Doctorow hates the term “business model,” and he is adamant that he is " -"not a brand. “To me, branding is the idea that you can take a thing that has " -"certain qualities, remove the qualities, and go on selling it,” he said. " -"“I’m not out there trying to figure out how to be a brand. I’m doing this " -"thing that animates me to work crazy insane hours because it’s the most " -"important thing I know how to do.”" +"Cory Doctorow hates the term <quote>business model,</quote> and he is " +"adamant that he is not a brand. <quote>To me, branding is the idea that you " +"can take a thing that has certain qualities, remove the qualities, and go on " +"selling it,</quote> he said. <quote>I’m not out there trying to figure out " +"how to be a brand. I’m doing this thing that animates me to work crazy " +"insane hours because it’s the most important thing I know how to do.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4407 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4414 msgid "" "Cory calls himself an entrepreneur. He likes to say his success came from " "making stuff people happened to like and then getting out of the way of them " @@ -5756,7 +5802,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4412 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4419 msgid "" "He is a science fiction writer, activist, blogger, and journalist. " "Beginning with his first novel, Down and Out in the Magic Kingdom, in 2003, " @@ -5768,7 +5814,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4423 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4430 msgid "" "Cory primarily makes money by selling physical books, but he also takes on " "paid speaking gigs and is experimenting with pay-what-you-want models for " @@ -5776,7 +5822,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4428 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4435 msgid "" "While Cory’s extensive body of fiction work has a large following, he is " "just as well known for his activism. He is an outspoken opponent of " @@ -5786,68 +5832,70 @@ msgid "" "Foundation, where he is involved in a lawsuit challenging the U.S. law that " "protects DRM. Cory says his political work doesn’t directly make him money, " "but if he gave it up, he thinks he would lose credibility and, more " -"importantly, lose the drive that propels him to create. “My political work " -"is a different expression of the same artistic-political urge,” he said. “I " -"have this suspicion that if I gave up the things that didn’t make me money, " -"the genuineness would leach out of what I do, and the quality that causes " -"people to like what I do would be gone.”" +"importantly, lose the drive that propels him to create. <quote>My political " +"work is a different expression of the same artistic-political urge,</quote> " +"he said. <quote>I have this suspicion that if I gave up the things that " +"didn’t make me money, the genuineness would leach out of what I do, and the " +"quality that causes people to like what I do would be gone.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4445 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4452 msgid "" "Cory has been financially successful, but money is not his primary " "motivation. At the start of his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, he " "stresses how important it is not to become an artist if your goal is to get " -"rich. “Entering the arts because you want to get rich is like buying lottery " -"tickets because you want to get rich,” he wrote. “It might work, but it " -"almost certainly won’t. Though, of course, someone always wins the " -"lottery.” He acknowledges that he is one of the lucky few to “make it,” but " -"he says he would be writing no matter what. “I am compelled to write,” he " -"wrote. “Long before I wrote to keep myself fed and sheltered, I was writing " -"to keep myself sane.”" +"rich. <quote>Entering the arts because you want to get rich is like buying " +"lottery tickets because you want to get rich,</quote> he wrote. <quote>It " +"might work, but it almost certainly won’t. Though, of course, someone always " +"wins the lottery.</quote> He acknowledges that he is one of the lucky few to " +"<quote>make it,</quote> but he says he would be writing no matter what. " +"<quote>I am compelled to write,</quote> he wrote. <quote>Long before I " +"wrote to keep myself fed and sheltered, I was writing to keep myself sane.</" +"quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4458 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4466 msgid "" "Just as money is not his primary motivation to create, money is not his " "primary motivation to share. For Cory, sharing his work with Creative " -"Commons is a moral imperative. “It felt morally right,” he said of his " -"decision to adopt Creative Commons licenses. “I felt like I wasn’t " -"contributing to the culture of surveillance and censorship that has been " -"created to try to stop copying.” In other words, using CC licenses " -"symbolizes his worldview." +"Commons is a moral imperative. <quote>It felt morally right,</quote> he said " +"of his decision to adopt Creative Commons licenses. <quote>I felt like I " +"wasn’t contributing to the culture of surveillance and censorship that has " +"been created to try to stop copying.</quote> In other words, using CC " +"licenses symbolizes his worldview." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4468 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4476 msgid "" "He also feels like there is a solid commercial basis for licensing his work " "with Creative Commons. While he acknowledges he hasn’t been able to do a " "controlled experiment to compare the commercial benefits of licensing with " "CC against reserving all rights, he thinks he has sold more books using a CC " "license than he would have without it. Cory says his goal is to convince " -"people they should pay him for his work. “I started by not calling them " -"thieves,” he said." +"people they should pay him for his work. <quote>I started by not calling " +"them thieves,</quote> he said." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4478 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4486 msgid "" "Cory started using CC licenses soon after they were first created. At the " "time his first novel came out, he says the science fiction genre was overrun " "with people scanning and downloading books without permission. When he and " "his publisher took a closer look at who was doing that sort of thing online, " -"they realized it looked a lot like book promotion. “I knew there was a " +"they realized it looked a lot like book promotion. <quote>I knew there was a " "relationship between having enthusiastic readers and having a successful " -"career as a writer,” he said. “At the time, it took eighty hours to OCR a " -"book, which is a big effort. I decided to spare them the time and energy, " -"and give them the book for free in a format destined to spread.”" +"career as a writer,</quote> he said. <quote>At the time, it took eighty " +"hours to OCR a book, which is a big effort. I decided to spare them the time " +"and energy, and give them the book for free in a format destined to spread.</" +"quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4491 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4499 msgid "" "Cory admits the stakes were pretty low for him when he first adopted " "Creative Commons licenses. He only had to sell two thousand copies of his " @@ -5857,33 +5905,34 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4499 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4507 msgid "" "The bottom line, Cory says, is that no one has found a way to prevent people " "from copying the stuff they like. Rather than fighting the tide, Cory makes " -"his work intrinsically shareable. “Getting the hell out of the way for " -"people who want to share their love of you with other people sounds obvious, " -"but it’s remarkable how many people don’t do it,” he said." +"his work intrinsically shareable. <quote>Getting the hell out of the way " +"for people who want to share their love of you with other people sounds " +"obvious, but it’s remarkable how many people don’t do it,</quote> he said." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4507 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4515 msgid "" "Making his work available under Creative Commons licenses enables him to " -"view his biggest fans as his ambassadors. “Being open to fan activity makes " -"you part of the conversation about what fans do with your work and how they " -"interact with it,” he said. Cory’s own website routinely highlights cool " -"things his audience has done with his work. Unlike corporations like Disney " -"that tend to have a hands-off relationship with their fan activity, he has a " -"symbiotic relationship with his audience. “Engaging with your audience can’t " -"guarantee you success,” he said. “And Disney is an example of being able to " -"remain aloof and still being the most successful company in the creative " -"industry in history. But I figure my likelihood of being Disney is pretty " -"slim, so I should take all the help I can get.”" +"view his biggest fans as his ambassadors. <quote>Being open to fan activity " +"makes you part of the conversation about what fans do with your work and how " +"they interact with it,</quote> he said. Cory’s own website routinely " +"highlights cool things his audience has done with his work. Unlike " +"corporations like Disney that tend to have a hands-off relationship with " +"their fan activity, he has a symbiotic relationship with his audience. " +"<quote>Engaging with your audience can’t guarantee you success,</quote> he " +"said. <quote>And Disney is an example of being able to remain aloof and " +"still being the most successful company in the creative industry in history. " +"But I figure my likelihood of being Disney is pretty slim, so I should take " +"all the help I can get.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4522 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4530 msgid "" "His first book was published under the most restrictive Creative Commons " "license, Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC BY-NC-ND). It allows only " @@ -5899,7 +5948,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4537 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4545 msgid "" "In his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, Cory likens his philosophy " "to thinking like a dandelion. Dandelions produce thousands of seeds each " @@ -5907,40 +5956,41 @@ msgid "" "strategy is to maximize the number of blind chances the dandelion has for " "continuing its genetic line. Similarly, he says there are lots of people out " "there who may want to buy creative work or compensate authors for it in some " -"other way. “The more places your work can find itself, the greater the " +"other way. <quote>The more places your work can find itself, the greater the " "likelihood that it will find one of those would-be customers in some " -"unsuspected crack in the metaphorical pavement,” he wrote. “The copies that " -"others make of my work cost me nothing, and present the possibility that " -"I’ll get something.”" +"unsuspected crack in the metaphorical pavement,</quote> he wrote. <quote>The " +"copies that others make of my work cost me nothing, and present the " +"possibility that I’ll get something.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4551 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4560 msgid "" "Applying a CC license to his work increases the chances it will be shared " "more widely around the Web. He avoids DRM—and openly opposes the practice—" "for similar reasons. DRM has the effect of tying a work to a particular " "platform. This digital lock, in turn, strips the authors of control over " "their own work and hands that control over to the platform. He calls it " -"Cory’s First Law: “Anytime someone puts a lock on something that belongs to " -"you and won’t give you the key, that lock isn’t there for your benefit.”" +"Cory’s First Law: <quote>Anytime someone puts a lock on something that " +"belongs to you and won’t give you the key, that lock isn’t there for your " +"benefit.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4561 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4571 msgid "" "Cory operates under the premise that artists benefit when there are more, " "rather than fewer, places where people can access their work. The Internet " -"has opened up those avenues, but DRM is designed to limit them. “On the one " -"hand, we can credibly make our work available to a widely dispersed " -"audience,” he said. “On the other hand, the intermediaries we historically " -"sold to are making it harder to go around them.” Cory continually looks for " -"ways to reach his audience without relying upon major platforms that will " -"try to take control over his work." +"has opened up those avenues, but DRM is designed to limit them. <quote>On " +"the one hand, we can credibly make our work available to a widely dispersed " +"audience,</quote> he said. <quote>On the other hand, the intermediaries we " +"historically sold to are making it harder to go around them.</quote> Cory " +"continually looks for ways to reach his audience without relying upon major " +"platforms that will try to take control over his work." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4572 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4582 msgid "" "Cory says his e-book sales have been lower than those of his competitors, " "and he attributes some of that to the CC license making the work available " @@ -5953,40 +6003,40 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4583 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4593 msgid "" "Fans are particularly willing to pay when they feel personally connected to " "the artist. Cory works hard to create that personal connection. One way he " -"does this is by personally answering every single email he gets. “If you " -"look at the history of artists, most die in penury,” he said. “That reality " -"means that for artists, we have to find ways to support ourselves when " -"public tastes shift, when copyright stops producing. Future-proofing your " -"artistic career in many ways means figuring out how to stay connected to " -"those people who have been touched by your work.”" +"does this is by personally answering every single email he gets. <quote>If " +"you look at the history of artists, most die in penury,</quote> he said. " +"<quote>That reality means that for artists, we have to find ways to support " +"ourselves when public tastes shift, when copyright stops producing. Future-" +"proofing your artistic career in many ways means figuring out how to stay " +"connected to those people who have been touched by your work.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4594 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4605 msgid "" "Cory’s realism about the difficulty of making a living in the arts does not " "reflect pessimism about the Internet age. Instead, he says the fact that it " "is hard to make a living as an artist is nothing new. What is new, he writes " -"in his book, “is how many ways there are to make things, and to get them " -"into other people’s hands and minds.”" +"in his book, <quote>is how many ways there are to make things, and to get " +"them into other people’s hands and minds.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4602 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4613 msgid "It has never been easier to think like a dandelion." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4606 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4617 msgid "Figshare" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4609 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4620 msgid "" "Figshare is a for-profit company offering an online repository where " "researchers can preserve and share the output of their research, including " @@ -5994,29 +6044,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4615 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4626 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://figshare.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4617 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4628 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: platform providing paid " "services to creators" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4620 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4631 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: January 28, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4623 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4634 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Mark Hahnel, founder" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4631 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4642 msgid "" "Figshare’s mission is to change the face of academic publishing through " "improved dissemination, discoverability, and reusability of scholarly " @@ -6029,7 +6079,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4642 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4653 msgid "" "Figshare founder Mark Hahnel often gets asked: How do you make money? How do " "we know you’ll be here in five years? Can you, as a for-profit venture, be " @@ -6037,7 +6087,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4647 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4658 msgid "" "Mark traces the origins of Figshare back to when he was a graduate student " "getting his PhD in stem cell biology. His research involved working with " @@ -6048,7 +6098,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4656 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4667 msgid "" "Mark does not consider himself an advanced software programmer. " "Fortunately, things like cloud-based computing and wikis had become " @@ -6057,7 +6107,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4663 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4674 msgid "" "There were two key needs: licenses to make the data citable, and persistent " "identifiers— URL links that always point back to the original object " @@ -6065,7 +6115,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4669 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4680 msgid "" "Mark chose Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs) to meet the need for a " "persistent identifier. In the DOI system, an object’s metadata is stored as " @@ -6076,7 +6126,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4678 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4689 msgid "" "As for licenses, Mark chose Creative Commons. The open-access and open-" "science communities were already using and recommending Creative Commons. " @@ -6086,7 +6136,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4686 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4697 msgid "" "So Mark began using DOIs and Creative Commons for his own research work. He " "had a science blog where he wrote about it and made all his data open. " @@ -6095,7 +6145,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4692 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4703 msgid "" "People liked the interface and simple upload process. People started asking " "if they could also share theses, grant proposals, and code. Inclusion of " @@ -6105,7 +6155,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4700 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4711 msgid "" "Mark sought investment to make this into a scalable product. After a few " "unsuccessful funding pitches, UK-based Digital Science expressed interest " @@ -6114,7 +6164,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4707 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4718 msgid "" "Under the freemium model, academics upload their research to Figshare for " "storage and sharing for free. Each research object is licensed with Creative " @@ -6122,12 +6172,12 @@ msgid "" "fee for gigabytes of private storage space, and for private online space " "designed for a set number of research collaborators, which is ideal for " "larger teams and geographically dispersed research groups. Figshare sums up " -"its value proposition to researchers as “You retain ownership. You license " -"it. You get credit. We just make sure it persists.”" +"its value proposition to researchers as <quote>You retain ownership. You " +"license it. You get credit. We just make sure it persists.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4718 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4730 msgid "" "In January 2012, Figshare was launched. (The fig in Figshare stands for " "figures.) Using investment funds, Mark made significant improvements to " @@ -6139,7 +6189,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4728 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4740 msgid "" "Figshare diversified its business model to include services for journals. " "Figshare began hosting large amounts of data for the journals’ online " @@ -6155,7 +6205,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4742 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4754 msgid "" "Governments allocate significant public funds to research. In parallel with " "the launch of Figshare, governments around the world began requesting the " @@ -6167,7 +6217,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4752 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4764 msgid "" "Figshare now offers a range of fee-based services to institutions, including " "their own minibranded Figshare space (called Figshare for Institutions) that " @@ -6179,7 +6229,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4762 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4774 msgid "" "As with researchers and publishers, Fig-share encouraged institutions to " "share their research with CC BY (Attribution) and their data with CC0 (into " @@ -6193,7 +6243,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4775 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4787 msgid "" "For Mark this created a conflict. On the one hand, the principles and " "benefits of open science are at the heart of Figshare, and Mark believes CC " @@ -6205,7 +6255,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4785 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4797 msgid "" "Mark is thinking of doing a Figshare study that tracks research " "dissemination according to Creative Commons license, and gathering metrics " @@ -6216,21 +6266,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4798 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4810 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://figshare.com/articles/" "Journal_subscription_costs_FOIs_to_UK_universities/1186832\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4801 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4813 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://retr0.shinyapps.io/journal_costs/?year=2014&" "inst=19,22,38,42,59,64,80,95,136\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4793 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4805 msgid "" "Figshare has an Application Programming Interface (API) that makes it " "possible for data to be pulled from Figshare and used in other applications. " @@ -6244,7 +6294,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4804 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4816 msgid "" "The free version of Figshare has built a community of academics, who through " "word of mouth and presentations have promoted and spread awareness of " @@ -6257,12 +6307,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4819 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4831 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://figshare.com/features\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4815 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4827 msgid "" "Mark says his success is partly about being in the right place at the right " "time. He also believes that the diversification of Figshare’s model over " @@ -6276,7 +6326,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4826 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4838 msgid "" "Today Figshare has 26 million–plus page views, 7.5 million–plus downloads, " "800,000–plus user uploads, 2 million–plus articles, 500,000-plus " @@ -6286,7 +6336,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4834 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4846 msgid "" "Figshare uses the revenue it generates from the premium subscribers, journal " "publishers, and institutions to fund and expand what it can offer to " @@ -6301,12 +6351,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4849 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4861 msgid "Figure.NZ" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4852 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4864 msgid "" "Figure.NZ is a nonprofit charity that makes an online data platform designed " "to make data reusable and easy to understand. Founded in 2012 in New " @@ -6314,37 +6364,37 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4857 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4869 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://figure.nz\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4859 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4871 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: platform providing paid " "services to creators, donations, sponsorships" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4862 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4874 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: May 3, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4864 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4876 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Lillian Grace, founder" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4873 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4885 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.nzdatafutures.org.nz/sites/default/files/" "NZDFF_harness-the-power.pdf\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4872 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4884 msgid "" "In the paper Harnessing the Economic and Social Power of Data presented at " "the New Zealand Data Futures Forum in 2014,<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" @@ -6365,20 +6415,20 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4891 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4903 msgid "" "Lillian had the idea for Figure.NZ in February 2012 while working for the " "New Zealand Institute, a think tank concerned with improving economic " "prosperity, social well-being, environmental quality, and environmental " "productivity for New Zealand and New Zealanders. While giving talks to " -"community and business groups, Lillian realized “every single issue we " +"community and business groups, Lillian realized <quote>every single issue we " "addressed would have been easier to deal with if more people understood the " -"basic facts.” But understanding the basic facts sometimes requires data and " -"research that you often have to pay for." +"basic facts.</quote> But understanding the basic facts sometimes requires " +"data and research that you often have to pay for." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4902 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4914 msgid "" "Lillian began to imagine a website that lifted data up to a visual form that " "could be easily understood and freely accessed. Initially launched as Wiki " @@ -6393,7 +6443,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4916 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4928 msgid "" "Here’s how it works. Figure.NZ sources data from other organizations, " "including corporations, public repositories, government departments, and " @@ -6411,14 +6461,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4942 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4954 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.ict.govt.nz/guidance-and-resources/open-government/" "new-zealand-government-open-access-and-licensing-nzgoal-framework/\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4933 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4945 msgid "" "Lillian characterizes the initial decision to use Creative Commons as " "naively fortunate. It was first recommended to her by a colleague. Lillian " @@ -6436,7 +6486,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4949 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4961 msgid "" "Lillian thinks current ideas of what a business is are relatively new, only " "a hundred years old or so. She’s convinced that twenty years from now, we " @@ -6451,7 +6501,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4962 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4974 msgid "" "Although Figure.NZ is a social enterprise that openly licenses their data " "and graphs for everyone to use for free, they have taken care not to be " @@ -6471,7 +6521,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4981 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4993 msgid "" "Figure.NZ spends a lot of time seeking to understand the motivations of data " "collectors and to identify the channels where it can provide value. Every " @@ -6480,7 +6530,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4987 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4999 msgid "" "Figure.NZ has multiple lines of business. They provide commercial services " "to organizations that want their data publicly available and want to use " @@ -6497,27 +6547,27 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5003 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5015 msgid "" "Lillian notes that the current state of most data is terrible and often not " "well understood by the people who have it. This sometimes makes it difficult " "for customers and Figure.NZ to figure out what it would cost to import, " "standardize, and display that data in a useful way. To deal with this, " -"Figure.NZ uses “high-trust contracts,” where customers allocate a certain " -"budget to the task that Figure.NZ is then free to draw from, as long as " -"Figure.NZ frequently reports on what they’ve produced so the customer can " -"determine the value for money. This strategy has helped build trust and " -"transparency about the level of effort associated with doing work that has " -"never been done before." +"Figure.NZ uses <quote>high-trust contracts,</quote> where customers allocate " +"a certain budget to the task that Figure.NZ is then free to draw from, as " +"long as Figure.NZ frequently reports on what they’ve produced so the " +"customer can determine the value for money. This strategy has helped build " +"trust and transparency about the level of effort associated with doing work " +"that has never been done before." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5021 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5034 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://figure.nz/business/\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5016 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5029 msgid "" "A second line of business is what Figure.NZ calls partners. ASB Bank and " "Statistics New Zealand are partners who back Figure.NZ’s efforts. As one " @@ -6527,12 +6577,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5024 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5037 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://figure.nz/patrons/\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5024 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5037 msgid "" "Figure.NZ also has patrons.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Patrons " "donate to topic areas they care about, directly enabling Figure.NZ to get " @@ -6541,7 +6591,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5030 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5043 msgid "" "Figure.NZ also accepts philanthropic donations, which are used to provide " "more content, extend technology, and improve services, or are targeted to " @@ -6550,7 +6600,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5036 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5049 msgid "" "Figure.NZ has morphed and grown over time. With data aggregation, curation, " "and visualizing services all in-house, Figure.NZ has developed a deep " @@ -6564,7 +6614,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5048 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5061 msgid "" "Figure.NZ’s website displays visuals and data associated with a wide range " "of categories including crime, economy, education, employment, energy, " @@ -6576,7 +6626,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5058 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5071 msgid "" "Figure.NZ believes data and visuals should be useful. They provide their " "customers with a data collection template and teach them why it’s important " @@ -6591,7 +6641,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5072 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5085 msgid "" "Lillian has a deep and profound vision for Figure.NZ that goes well beyond " "simply providing open-data services. She says things are different now. “We " @@ -6602,7 +6652,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5081 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5094 msgid "" "“But now we live in a world where it’s really easy to share information " "widely and also to communicate widely. In the world we live in now, the best " @@ -6610,7 +6660,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5087 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5100 msgid "" "“The use of numbers and data as a way of making well-informed decisions is " "one of the areas where there is the biggest gaps. We don’t really use " @@ -6618,7 +6668,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5093 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5106 msgid "" "“Part of the reason is the way data is spread across hundreds of sites. In " "addition, for the most part, deep thinking based on data is constrained to " @@ -6631,7 +6681,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5104 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5117 msgid "" "“Figure.NZ may be the first organization to assert that everyone can use " "numbers in their thinking, and it’s built a technological platform along " @@ -6640,33 +6690,34 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5111 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5124 msgid "" -"“Figure.NZ sees this as a new kind of alphabet that can help people analyze " -"what they see around them. A way to be thoughtful and informed about " +"<quote>Figure.NZ sees this as a new kind of alphabet that can help people " +"analyze what they see around them. A way to be thoughtful and informed about " "society. A means of engaging in conversation and shaping decision making " "that transcends personal experience. The long-term value and impact is " "almost impossible to measure, but the goal is to help citizens gain " -"understanding and work together in more informed ways to shape the future.”" +"understanding and work together in more informed ways to shape the future.</" +"quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5120 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5133 msgid "" "Lillian sees Figure.NZ’s model as having global potential. But for now, " "their focus is completely on making Figure.NZ work in New Zealand and to get " -"the “network effect”— users dramatically increasing value for themselves and " -"for others through use of their service. Creative Commons is core to making " -"the network effect possible." +"the <quote>network effect</quote>— users dramatically increasing value for " +"themselves and for others through use of their service. Creative Commons is " +"core to making the network effect possible." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5129 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5142 msgid "Knowledge Unlatched" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5132 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5145 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched is a not-for-profit community interest company that " "brings libraries together to pool funds to publish open-access books. " @@ -6674,32 +6725,32 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5137 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5150 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://knowledgeunlatched.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5139 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5152 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: crowdfunding " "(specialized)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5142 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5155 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 26, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5145 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5158 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Frances Pinter, founder" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5153 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5166 msgid "" -"The serial entrepreneur Dr. Frances Pinter has been at the forefront of " +"The serial entrepreneur Dr. Frances Pinter has been at the forefront of " "innovation in the publishing industry for nearly forty years. She founded " "the UK-based Knowledge Unlatched with a mission to enable open access to " "scholarly books. For Frances, the current scholarly- book-publishing system " @@ -6714,16 +6765,16 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5169 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5182 msgid "" -"Dr. Pinter has been in academic publishing most of her career. About ten " +"Dr. Pinter has been in academic publishing most of her career. About ten " "years ago, she became acquainted with the Creative Commons founder Lawrence " "Lessig and got interested in Creative Commons as a tool for both protecting " "content online and distributing it free to users." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5176 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5189 msgid "" "Not long after, she ran a project in Africa convincing publishers in Uganda " "and South Africa to put some of their content online for free using a " @@ -6732,7 +6783,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5182 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5195 msgid "" "In 2008, Bloomsbury Academic, a new imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing in the " "United Kingdom, appointed her its founding publisher in London. As part of " @@ -6750,18 +6801,18 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5199 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5212 msgid "" "Frances began to look at customer interest in the three forms of the book: " "1) the Creative Commons–licensed free online book in PDF form, 2) the " "printed book, and 3) a digital version of the book on an aggregator platform " -"with enhanced features. She thought of this as the “ice cream model”: the " -"free PDF was vanilla ice cream, the printed book was an ice cream cone, and " -"the enhanced e-book was an ice cream sundae." +"with enhanced features. She thought of this as the <quote>ice cream model</" +"quote>: the free PDF was vanilla ice cream, the printed book was an ice " +"cream cone, and the enhanced e-book was an ice cream sundae." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5208 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5221 msgid "" "After a while, Frances had an epiphany—what if there was a way to get " "libraries to underwrite the costs of making these books up until they’re " @@ -6772,17 +6823,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5217 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5230 msgid "" "This idea is similar to the article-processing charge some open-access " "journals charge researchers to cover publishing costs. Frances began to " -"imagine a coalition of libraries paying for the prepress costs—a “book-" -"processing charge”—and providing everyone in the world with an open-access " -"version of the books released under a Creative Commons license." +"imagine a coalition of libraries paying for the prepress costs—a <quote>book-" +"processing charge</quote>—and providing everyone in the world with an open-" +"access version of the books released under a Creative Commons license." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5225 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5238 msgid "" "This idea really took hold in her mind. She didn’t really have a name for it " "but began talking about it and making presentations to see if there was " @@ -6795,35 +6846,35 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5236 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5249 msgid "" "She describes the business model in a paper called Knowledge Unlatched: " "Toward an Open and Networked Future for Academic Publishing:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5243 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5256 msgid "" "Publishers offer titles for sale reflecting origination costs only via " "Knowledge Unlatched." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5249 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5262 msgid "" "Individual libraries select titles either as individual titles or as " "collections (as they do from library suppliers now)." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5255 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5268 msgid "" "Their selections are sent to Knowledge Unlatched specifying the titles to be " "purchased at the stated price(s)." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5261 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5274 msgid "" "The price, called a Title Fee (set by publishers and negotiated by Knowledge " "Unlatched), is paid to publishers to cover the fixed costs of publishing " @@ -6832,7 +6883,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5270 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5283 msgid "" "Publishers make the selected titles available Open Access (on a Creative " "Commons or similar open license) and are then paid the Title Fee which is " @@ -6840,12 +6891,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5280 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5293 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.pinter.org.uk/pdfs/Toward_an_Open.pdf\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5277 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5290 msgid "" "Publishers make print copies, e-Pub, and other digital versions of selected " "titles available to member libraries at a discount that reflects their " @@ -6854,7 +6905,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5285 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5298 msgid "" "The first round of this model resulted in a collection of twenty-eight " "current titles from thirteen recognized scholarly publishers being " @@ -6866,14 +6917,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5296 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5309 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://collections.knowledgeunlatched.org/collection-" "availability-1/\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5295 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5308 msgid "" "The open-access, Creative Commons versions of these twenty-eight books are " "still available online.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Most books " @@ -6887,7 +6938,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5306 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5319 msgid "" "There are three cost variables to consider for each round: the overall cost " "incurred by the publishers, total cost for each library to acquire all the " @@ -6900,7 +6951,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5318 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5331 msgid "" "The second round, recently completed, unlatched seventy-eight books from " "twenty-six publishers. For this round, Frances was experimenting with the " @@ -6916,7 +6967,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5333 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5346 msgid "" "The longest part of the whole process is getting libraries to pledge and " "commit funds. It takes about five months, as library buy-in has to fit " @@ -6924,7 +6975,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5339 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5352 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched informs and recruits libraries through social media, " "mailing lists, listservs, and library associations. Of the three hundred " @@ -6936,7 +6987,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5349 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5362 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched is scaling up, offering 150 new titles in the second " "half of 2016. It will also offer backlist titles, and in 2017 will start to " @@ -6944,7 +6995,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5354 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5367 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched deliberately chose monographs as the initial type of " "book to unlatch. Monographs are foundational and important, but also " @@ -6952,7 +7003,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5360 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5373 msgid "" "The cost for the publisher to get to a first digital copy of a monograph is " "$5,000 to $50,000. A good one costs in the $10,000 to $15,000 range. " @@ -6964,13 +7015,13 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5377 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5390 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.knowledgeunlatched.org/featured-authors-section/\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5370 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5383 msgid "" "Authors don’t generally make a lot of royalties from monographs. Royalties " "range from zero dollars to 5 to 10 percent of receipts. The value to the " @@ -6983,7 +7034,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5380 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5393 msgid "" "Library budgets are constantly being squeezed, partly due to the inflation " "of journal subscriptions. But even without budget constraints, academic " @@ -6995,7 +7046,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5391 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5404 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched offers libraries a compelling economic argument. Many of " "the participating libraries would have bought a copy of the monograph " @@ -7005,7 +7056,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5399 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5412 msgid "" "Not only do the economics make sense, but there is very strong alignment " "with library mandates. The participating libraries pay less than they would " @@ -7013,20 +7064,20 @@ msgid "" "libraries. While this means nonparticipating libraries could be seen as free " "riders, in the library world, wealthy libraries are used to paying more than " "poor libraries and accept that part of their money should be spent to " -"support open access. “Free ride” is more like community responsibility. By " -"the end of March 2016, the round-one books had been downloaded nearly eighty " -"thousand times in 175 countries." +"support open access. <quote>Free ride</quote> is more like community " +"responsibility. By the end of March 2016, the round-one books had been " +"downloaded nearly eighty thousand times in 175 countries." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5411 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5425 msgid "" "For publishers, authors, and librarians, the Knowledge Unlatched model for " "monographs is a win-win-win." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5415 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5429 msgid "" "In the first round, Knowledge Unlatched’s overheads were covered by grants. " "In the second round, they aim to demonstrate the model is sustainable. " @@ -7039,7 +7090,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5426 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5440 msgid "" "Frances believes that Knowledge Unlatched is tapping into new ways of " "valuing academic content. It’s about considering how many people can find, " @@ -7052,50 +7103,50 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5438 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5452 msgid "Lumen Learning" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5441 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5455 msgid "" "Lumen Learning is a for-profit company helping educational institutions use " "open educational resources (OER). Founded in 2013 in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5446 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5460 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://lumenlearning.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5448 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5462 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for custom " "services, grant funding" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5451 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5465 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: December 21, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5454 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5468 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: David Wiley and Kim " "Thanos, cofounders" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5468 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5482 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://lumenlearning.com/innovative-projects/\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5462 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5476 msgid "" -"Cofounded by open education visionary Dr. David Wiley and education-" +"Cofounded by open education visionary Dr. David Wiley and education-" "technology strategist Kim Thanos, Lumen Learning is dedicated to improving " "student success, bringing new ideas to pedagogy, and making education more " "affordable by facilitating adoption of open educational resources. In 2012, " @@ -7117,7 +7168,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5485 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5499 msgid "" "David and Kim went back and forth on whether it should be a nonprofit or " "for- profit. A nonprofit would make it a more comfortable fit with the " @@ -7129,7 +7180,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5495 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5509 msgid "" "But as a for-profit, they’d have to convince educational institutions to pay " "for what Lumen had to offer. On the positive side, they’d have more control " @@ -7140,7 +7191,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5504 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5518 msgid "" "Right from the start, David and Kim positioned Lumen Learning as a way to " "help institutions engage in open educational resources, or OER. OER are " @@ -7150,7 +7201,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5512 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5526 msgid "" "Originally, Lumen did custom contracts for each institution. This was " "complicated and challenging to manage. However, through that process " @@ -7165,33 +7216,33 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5528 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5542 msgid "replace expensive textbooks in high-enrollment courses with OER;" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5534 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5548 msgid "" "provide enrolled students day one access to Lumen’s fully customizable OER " "course materials through the institution’s learning-management system;" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5541 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5555 msgid "" "measure improvements in student success with metrics like passing rates, " "persistence, and course completion; and" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5547 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5561 msgid "" "collaborate with faculty to make ongoing improvements to OER based on " "student success research." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5553 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5567 msgid "" "Lumen has developed a suite of open, Creative Commons–licensed courseware in " "more than sixty-five subjects. All courses are freely and publicly available " @@ -7201,7 +7252,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5561 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5575 msgid "" "Then there are three types of bundled services that cost money. One option, " "which Lumen calls Candela courseware, offers integration with the " @@ -7211,7 +7262,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5569 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5583 msgid "" "A second option is Waymaker, which offers the services of Candela but adds " "personalized learning technologies, such as study plans, automated messages, " @@ -7220,7 +7271,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5576 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5590 msgid "" "The third and emerging line of business for Lumen is providing guidance and " "support for institutions and state systems that are pursuing the development " @@ -7231,7 +7282,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5585 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5599 msgid "" "Lumen generates revenue by charging for their value-added tools and services " "on top of their free courses, just as solar-power companies provide the " @@ -7249,7 +7300,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5602 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5616 msgid "" "In most cases, development of their courses is funded by the institution " "Lumen has a contract with. When creating new courses, Lumen typically works " @@ -7262,7 +7313,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5613 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5627 msgid "" "Sometimes faculty like the existing OER but not the way it is presented. The " "open licensing of existing OER allows Lumen to pick and choose from images, " @@ -7275,7 +7326,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5624 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5638 msgid "" "Using only OER made them experience firsthand how complex it could be to mix " "differently licensed work together. A common strategy with OER is to place " @@ -7285,7 +7336,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5632 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5646 msgid "" "Remixing OER often results in multiple attributions on every page of every " "course—text from one place, images from another, and videos from yet " @@ -7298,7 +7349,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5643 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5657 msgid "" "Lumen’s commitment to open licensing and helping low-income students has led " "to strong relationships with institutions, open-education enthusiasts, and " @@ -7308,7 +7359,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5651 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5665 msgid "" "To manage demand and ensure the success of projects, their strategy is to be " "proactive and focus on what’s going on in higher education in different " @@ -7322,7 +7373,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5664 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5678 msgid "" "As a business, Lumen is committed to openness. There are two core " "nonnegotiables: Lumen’s use of CC BY, the most permissive of the Creative " @@ -7334,7 +7385,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5674 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5688 msgid "" "Openness also means that Lumen’s OER must necessarily be nonexclusive and " "nonrivalrous. This represents several big challenges for the business model: " @@ -7346,7 +7397,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5684 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5698 msgid "" "In the OER sector, there are examples of corporations, and even " "institutions, acting as free riders. Some simply take and use open resources " @@ -7357,7 +7408,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5693 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5707 msgid "" "Lumen does track institutions accessing and using their free content. They " "proactively contact those institutions, with an estimate of how much their " @@ -7370,7 +7421,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5704 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5718 msgid "" "Lumen works hard to be a good corporate citizen in the OER community. For " "David and Kim, a good corporate citizen gives more than they take, adds " @@ -7381,7 +7432,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5713 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5727 msgid "" "Licensing all the content they produce with CC BY is a key part of giving " "more value than they take. They’ve also worked hard at finding the right " @@ -7390,7 +7441,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5719 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5733 msgid "" "As of the fall 2016 term, Lumen had eighty-six different open courses, " "working relationships with ninety-two institutions, and more than seventy-" @@ -7403,7 +7454,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5731 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5745 msgid "" "In creating Lumen Learning, David and Kim say they’ve landed on solutions " "they never imagined, and there is still a lot of learning taking place. For " @@ -7415,26 +7466,26 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5742 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5756 msgid "Jonathan Mann" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5745 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5759 msgid "" -"Jonathan Mann is a singer and songwriter who is most well known as the “Song " -"A Day” guy. Based in the U.S." +"Jonathan Mann is a singer and songwriter who is most well known as the " +"<quote>Song A Day</quote> guy. Based in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5748 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5762 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://jonathanmann.net\"/> and <ulink url=\"http://" "jonathanmann.bandcamp.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5751 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5765 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for custom " "services, pay-what-you-want, crowdfunding (subscription-based), charging for " @@ -7442,25 +7493,26 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5756 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5770 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 22, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5764 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5778 msgid "" -"Jonathan Mann thinks of his business model as “hustling”—seizing nearly " -"every opportunity he sees to make money. The bulk of his income comes from " -"writing songs under commission for people and companies, but he has a wide " -"variety of income sources. He has supporters on the crowdfunding site " -"Patreon. He gets advertising revenue from YouTube and Bandcamp, where he " -"posts all of his music. He gives paid speaking engagements about creativity " -"and motivation. He has been hired by major conferences to write songs " -"summarizing what speakers have said in the conference sessions." +"Jonathan Mann thinks of his business model as <quote>hustling</quote>—" +"seizing nearly every opportunity he sees to make money. The bulk of his " +"income comes from writing songs under commission for people and companies, " +"but he has a wide variety of income sources. He has supporters on the " +"crowdfunding site Patreon. He gets advertising revenue from YouTube and " +"Bandcamp, where he posts all of his music. He gives paid speaking " +"engagements about creativity and motivation. He has been hired by major " +"conferences to write songs summarizing what speakers have said in the " +"conference sessions." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5775 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5790 msgid "" "His entrepreneurial spirit is coupled with a willingness to take action " "quickly. A perfect illustration of his ability to act fast happened in 2010, " @@ -7473,16 +7525,16 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5786 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5801 msgid "" -"Jonathan’s successful “hustling” is also about old-fashioned persistence. He " -"is currently in his eighth straight year of writing one song each day. He " -"holds the Guinness World Record for consecutive daily songwriting, and he is " -"widely known as the “song-a-day guy.”" +"Jonathan’s successful <quote>hustling</quote> is also about old-fashioned " +"persistence. He is currently in his eighth straight year of writing one song " +"each day. He holds the Guinness World Record for consecutive daily " +"songwriting, and he is widely known as the <quote>song-a-day guy.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5793 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5808 msgid "" "He fell into this role by, naturally, seizing a random opportunity a friend " "alerted him to seven years ago—an event called Fun-A-Day, where people are " @@ -7494,7 +7546,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5803 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5818 msgid "" "He had a really good time doing the thirty-one-day challenge, so he decided " "to see if he could continue it for one year. He never stopped. He has " @@ -7511,7 +7563,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5819 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5834 msgid "" "Over time, the song-a-day gig became the basis of his livelihood. In the " "beginning, he made money one of two ways. The first was by entering a wide " @@ -7522,75 +7574,77 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5828 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5843 msgid "" -"His website explains his gig as “taking any message, from the super simple " -"to the totally complicated, and conveying that message through a heartfelt, " -"fun and quirky song.” He charges $500 to create a produced song and $300 for " -"an acoustic song. He has been hired for product launches, weddings, " -"conferences, and even Kickstarter campaigns like the one that funded the " -"production of this book." +"His website explains his gig as <quote>taking any message, from the super " +"simple to the totally complicated, and conveying that message through a " +"heartfelt, fun and quirky song.</quote> He charges $500 to create a produced " +"song and $300 for an acoustic song. He has been hired for product launches, " +"weddings, conferences, and even Kickstarter campaigns like the one that " +"funded the production of this book." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5837 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5852 msgid "" "Jonathan can’t recall when exactly he first learned about Creative Commons, " "but he began applying CC licenses to his songs and videos as soon as he " -"discovered the option. “CC seems like such a no-brainer,” Jonathan said. “I " -"don’t understand how anything else would make sense. It seems like such an " -"obvious thing that you would want your work to be able to be shared.”" +"discovered the option. <quote>CC seems like such a no-brainer,</quote> " +"Jonathan said. <quote>I don’t understand how anything else would make sense. " +"It seems like such an obvious thing that you would want your work to be able " +"to be shared.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5845 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5861 msgid "" "His songs are essentially marketing for his services, so obviously the " "further his songs spread, the better. Using CC licenses helps grease the " "wheels, letting people know that Jonathan allows and encourages them to " -"copy, interact with, and remix his music. “If you let someone cover your " -"song or remix it or use parts of it, that’s how music is supposed to work,” " -"Jonathan said. “That is how music has worked since the beginning of time. " -"Our me-me, mine-mine culture has undermined that.”" +"copy, interact with, and remix his music. <quote>If you let someone cover " +"your song or remix it or use parts of it, that’s how music is supposed to " +"work,</quote> Jonathan said. <quote>That is how music has worked since the " +"beginning of time. Our me-me, mine-mine culture has undermined that.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5855 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5871 msgid "" "There are some people who cover his songs fairly regularly, and he would " "never shut that down. But he acknowledges there is a lot more he could do to " -"build community. “There is all of this conventional wisdom about how to " -"build an audience online, and I generally think I don’t do any of that,” " -"Jonathan said." +"build community. <quote>There is all of this conventional wisdom about how " +"to build an audience online, and I generally think I don’t do any of that,</" +"quote> Jonathan said." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5862 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5878 msgid "" "He does have a fan community he cultivates on Bandcamp, but it isn’t his " -"major focus. “I do have a core audience that has stuck around for a really " -"long time, some even longer than I’ve been doing song-a-day,” he said. " -"“There is also a transitional aspect that drop in and get what they need and " -"then move on.” Focusing less on community building than other artists makes " -"sense given Jonathan’s primary income source of writing custom songs for " -"clients." +"major focus. <quote>I do have a core audience that has stuck around for a " +"really long time, some even longer than I’ve been doing song-a-day,</quote> " +"he said. <quote>There is also a transitional aspect that drop in and get " +"what they need and then move on.</quote> Focusing less on community building " +"than other artists makes sense given Jonathan’s primary income source of " +"writing custom songs for clients." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5872 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5888 msgid "" "Jonathan recognizes what comes naturally to him and leverages those skills. " "Through the practice of daily songwriting, he realized he has a gift for " "distilling complicated subjects into simple concepts and putting them to " -"music. In his song “How to Choose a Master Password,” Jonathan explained the " -"process of creating a secure password in a silly, simple song. He was hired " -"to write the song by a client who handed him a long technical blog post from " -"which to draw the information. Like a good (and rare) journalist, he " -"translated the technical concepts into something understandable." +"music. In his song <quote>How to Choose a Master Password,</quote> Jonathan " +"explained the process of creating a secure password in a silly, simple song. " +"He was hired to write the song by a client who handed him a long technical " +"blog post from which to draw the information. Like a good (and rare) " +"journalist, he translated the technical concepts into something " +"understandable." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5884 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5900 msgid "" "When he is hired by a client to write a song, he first asks them to send a " "list of talking points and other information they want to include in the " @@ -7599,14 +7653,15 @@ msgid "" "thing he tries to do is grok the core message and develop the chorus. Then " "he looks for connections or parts he can make rhyme. The entire process " "really does resemble good journalism, but of course the final product of his " -"work is a song rather than news. “There is something about being challenged " -"and forced to take information that doesn’t seem like it should be sung " -"about or doesn’t seem like it lends itself to a song,” he said. “I find that " -"creative challenge really satisfying. I enjoy getting lost in that process.”" +"work is a song rather than news. <quote>There is something about being " +"challenged and forced to take information that doesn’t seem like it should " +"be sung about or doesn’t seem like it lends itself to a song,</quote> he " +"said. <quote>I find that creative challenge really satisfying. I enjoy " +"getting lost in that process.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5899 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5916 msgid "" "Jonathan admits that in an ideal world, he would exclusively write the music " "he wanted to write, rather than what clients hire him to write. But his " @@ -7615,21 +7670,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5906 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5923 msgid "" "Jonathan uses nearly every tool possible to make money from his art, but he " "does have lines he won’t cross. He won’t write songs about things he " "fundamentally does not believe in, and there are times he has turned down " -"jobs on principle. He also won’t stray too much from his natural style. “My " -"style is silly, so I can’t really accommodate people who want something " -"super serious,” Jonathan said. “I do what I do very easily, and it’s part of " -"who I am.” Jonathan hasn’t gotten into writing commercials for the same " -"reasons; he is best at using his own unique style rather than mimicking " -"others." +"jobs on principle. He also won’t stray too much from his natural style. " +"<quote>My style is silly, so I can’t really accommodate people who want " +"something super serious,</quote> Jonathan said. <quote>I do what I do very " +"easily, and it’s part of who I am.</quote> Jonathan hasn’t gotten into " +"writing commercials for the same reasons; he is best at using his own unique " +"style rather than mimicking others." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5918 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5935 msgid "" "Jonathan’s song-a-day commitment exemplifies the power of habit and grit. " "Conventional wisdom about creative productivity, including advice in books " @@ -7640,7 +7695,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5927 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5944 msgid "" "When he speaks about his work, he talks about how much the song-a-day " "process has changed him. Rather than seeing any given piece of work as " @@ -7650,7 +7705,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5934 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5951 msgid "" "Jonathan seems to have this mentality about his career more generally. He is " "constantly experimenting with ways to make a living while sharing his work " @@ -7660,20 +7715,20 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5942 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5958 msgid "" -"“Success feels like it’s over,” he said. “To a certain extent, a creative " -"person is not ever going to feel completely satisfied because then so much " -"of what drives you would be gone.”" +"<quote>Success feels like it’s over,</quote> he said. <quote>To a certain " +"extent, a creative person is not ever going to feel completely satisfied " +"because then so much of what drives you would be gone.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5948 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5965 msgid "Noun Project" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5951 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5968 msgid "" "The Noun Project is a for-profit company offering an online platform to " "display visual icons from a global network of designers. Founded in 2010 in " @@ -7681,30 +7736,30 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5956 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5973 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://thenounproject.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5958 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5975 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging a transaction " "fee, charging for custom services" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5961 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5978 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: October 6, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5964 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5981 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Edward Boatman, cofounder" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5972 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5989 msgid "" "The Noun Project creates and shares visual language. There are millions who " "use Noun Project symbols to simplify communication across borders, " @@ -7712,7 +7767,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5977 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5994 msgid "" "The original idea for the Noun Project came to cofounder Edward Boatman " "while he was a student in architecture design school. He’d always done a lot " @@ -7723,7 +7778,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5985 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6002 msgid "" "When Edward went on to work at an architecture firm, he had to make a lot of " "presentation boards for clients. But finding high-quality sources for " @@ -7733,7 +7788,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5993 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6010 msgid "" "With his partner, Sofya Polyakov, he began collecting symbols for a website " "and writing a business plan. Inspiration came from the book Professor and " @@ -7743,14 +7798,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6004 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6021 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.kickstarter.com/projects/tnp/building-a-free-" "collection-of-our-worlds-visual-sy/description\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6001 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6018 msgid "" "Then Edward got laid off during the recession, which turned out to be a huge " "catalyst. He decided to give his idea a go, and in 2010 Edward and Sofya " @@ -7762,17 +7817,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6010 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6027 msgid "" "They created a platform where symbols and icons could be uploaded, and " "Edward began recruiting talented designers to contribute their designs, a " "process he describes as a relatively easy sell. Lots of designers have old " -"drawings just gathering “digital dust” on their hard drives. It’s easy to " -"convince them to finally share them with the world." +"drawings just gathering <quote>digital dust</quote> on their hard drives. " +"It’s easy to convince them to finally share them with the world." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6018 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6035 msgid "" "The Noun Project currently has about seven thousand designers from around " "the world. But not all submissions are accepted. The Noun Project’s quality-" @@ -7783,7 +7838,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6027 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6044 msgid "" "Creative Commons is an integral part of the Noun Project’s business model; " "this decision was inspired by Chris Anderson’s book Free: The Future of " @@ -7792,7 +7847,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6034 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6051 msgid "" "Edward knew he wanted to offer a free visual language while still providing " "some protection and reward for its contributors. There is a tension between " @@ -7807,7 +7862,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6048 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6065 msgid "" "Noun Project’s business model and means of generating revenue have evolved " "significantly over time. Their initial plan was to sell T-shirts with the " @@ -7815,11 +7870,12 @@ msgid "" "get a lot of email from people saying they loved the icons but asking if " "they could pay a fee instead of giving attribution. Ad agencies (among " "others) wanted to keep marketing and presentation materials clean and free " -"of attribution statements. For Edward, “That’s when our lightbulb went off.”" +"of attribution statements. For Edward, <quote>That’s when our lightbulb went " +"off.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6058 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6076 msgid "" "They asked their global network of designers whether they’d be open to " "receiving modest remuneration instead of attribution. Designers saw it as a " @@ -7829,7 +7885,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6065 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6083 msgid "" "The Noun Project first adopted a model whereby using an icon without giving " "attribution would cost $1.99 per icon. The model’s second iteration added a " @@ -7845,7 +7901,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6079 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6097 msgid "" "Customers then began asking for an application-programming interface (API), " "which would allow Noun Project icons and symbols to be directly accessed " @@ -7854,13 +7910,13 @@ msgid "" "know all of them in advance, so they built an API with a lot of " "flexibility. Knowing that most API applications would want to use the icons " "without giving attribution, the API was built with the aim of charging for " -"its use. You can use what’s called the “Playground API” for free to test how " -"it integrates with your application, but full implementation will require " -"you to purchase the API Pro version." +"its use. You can use what’s called the <quote>Playground API</quote> for " +"free to test how it integrates with your application, but full " +"implementation will require you to purchase the API Pro version." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6093 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6111 msgid "" "The Noun Project shares revenue with its international designers. For one-" "off purchases, the revenue is split 70 percent to the designer and 30 " @@ -7868,7 +7924,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6098 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6116 msgid "" "The revenue from premium purchases (the subscription and API options) is " "split a little differently. At the end of each month, the total revenue from " @@ -7881,14 +7937,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6110 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6182 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6128 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6200 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://thenounproject.com/handbook/royalties/#getting_paid\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6109 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6127 msgid "" "The Noun Project tries to be completely transparent about their royalty " "structure.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> They tend to over " @@ -7897,7 +7953,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6114 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6132 msgid "" "For most creators, contributing to the Noun Project is not a full-time job " "but something they do on the side. Edward categorizes monthly earnings for " @@ -7906,7 +7962,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6121 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6139 msgid "" "Recently the Noun Project launched a new app called Lingo. Designers can " "use Lingo to organize not just their Noun Project icons and symbols but also " @@ -7921,7 +7977,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6135 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6153 msgid "" "The Noun Project gives a ton of value away for free. A very large percentage " "of their roughly one million members have a free account, but there are " @@ -7931,15 +7987,16 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6142 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6160 msgid "" -"For Edward, “creating, sharing, and celebrating the world’s visual language” " -"is the most important aspect of what they do; it’s their stated mission. It " -"differentiates them from others who offer graphics, icons, or clip art." +"For Edward, <quote>creating, sharing, and celebrating the world’s visual " +"language</quote> is the most important aspect of what they do; it’s their " +"stated mission. It differentiates them from others who offer graphics, " +"icons, or clip art." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6148 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6166 msgid "" "Noun Project creators agree. When surveyed on why they participate in the " "Noun Project, this is how designers rank their reasons: 1) to support the " @@ -7950,7 +8007,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6157 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6175 msgid "" "In Edward’s view, Creative Commons is central to their mission of sharing " "and social good. Using Creative Commons makes the Noun Project’s mission " @@ -7959,19 +8016,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6164 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6182 msgid "" -"Edward told us, “Don’t underestimate the power of a passionate community " -"around your product or your business. They are going to go to bat for you " -"when you’re getting ripped in the media. If you go down the road of choosing " -"to work with Creative Commons, you’re taking the first step to building a " -"great community and tapping into a really awesome community that comes with " -"it. But you need to continue to foster that community through other " -"initiatives and continue to nurture it.”" +"Edward told us, <quote>Don’t underestimate the power of a passionate " +"community around your product or your business. They are going to go to bat " +"for you when you’re getting ripped in the media. If you go down the road of " +"choosing to work with Creative Commons, you’re taking the first step to " +"building a great community and tapping into a really awesome community that " +"comes with it. But you need to continue to foster that community through " +"other initiatives and continue to nurture it.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6174 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6192 msgid "" "The Noun Project nurtures their creators’ second motivation—promoting a " "personal brand—by connecting every icon and symbol to the creator’s name and " @@ -7980,7 +8037,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6181 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6199 msgid "" "The Noun Project also builds community through Iconathons—hackathons for " "icons.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> In partnership with a " @@ -7992,7 +8049,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6190 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6208 msgid "" "Providing a free version of their product that satisfies a lot of their " "customers’ needs has actually enabled the Noun Project to build the paid " @@ -8004,12 +8061,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6201 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6219 msgid "Open Data Institute" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6204 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6222 msgid "" "The Open Data Institute is an independent nonprofit that connects, equips, " "and inspires people around the world to innovate with data. Founded in 2012 " @@ -8017,31 +8074,31 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6209 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6227 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://theodi.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6211 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6229 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: grant and government " "funding, charging for custom services, donations" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6214 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6232 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: November 11, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6217 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6235 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Jeni Tennison, technical " "director" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6225 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6243 msgid "" "Cofounded by Sir Tim Berners-Lee and Sir Nigel Shadbolt in 2012, the London-" "based Open Data Institute (ODI) offers data-related training, events, " @@ -8053,7 +8110,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6235 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6253 msgid "" "Data underpins planning and decision making across all aspects of society. " "Weather data helps farmers know when to plant their crops, flight time data " @@ -8067,7 +8124,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6247 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6265 msgid "" "The Open Data Institute’s 2012–17 business plan starts out by describing its " "vision to establish itself as a world-leading center and to research and be " @@ -8077,49 +8134,49 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6257 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6275 msgid "" "demonstrate the commercial value of open government data and how open-data " "policies affect this;" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6263 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6281 msgid "develop the economic benefits case and business models for open data;" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6269 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6287 msgid "help UK businesses use open data; and" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6274 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6292 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://e642e8368e3bf8d5526e-464b4b70b4554c1a79566214d402739e.r6." "cf3.rackcdn.com/odi-business-plan-may-release.pdf\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6274 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6292 msgid "" "show how open data can improve public services.<placeholder type=\"footnote" "\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6279 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6297 msgid "" "ODI is very explicit about how it wants to make open business models, and " "defining what this means. Jeni Tennison, ODI’s technical director, puts it " -"this way: “There is a whole ecosystem of open—open-source software, open " -"government, open-access research—and a whole ecosystem of data. ODI’s work " -"cuts across both, with an emphasis on where they overlap—with open data.” " -"ODI’s particular focus is to show open data’s potential for revenue." +"this way: <quote>There is a whole ecosystem of open—open-source software, " +"open government, open-access research—and a whole ecosystem of data. ODI’s " +"work cuts across both, with an emphasis on where they overlap—with open data." +"</quote> ODI’s particular focus is to show open data’s potential for revenue." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6289 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6307 msgid "" "As an independent nonprofit, ODI secured £10 million over five years from " "the UK government via Innovate UK, an agency that promotes innovation in " @@ -8129,7 +8186,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6297 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6315 msgid "" "Jeni started out as a developer and technical architect for data.gov.uk, the " "UK government’s pioneering open-data initiative. She helped make data sets " @@ -8139,7 +8196,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6304 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6322 msgid "" "ODI strives to have half its annual budget come from the core UK government " "and Omidyar grants, and the other half from project-based research and " @@ -8149,19 +8206,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6312 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6330 msgid "" "On the commercial side, ODI generates funding through memberships, training, " "and advisory services." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6327 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6345 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://directory.theodi.org/members\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6316 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6334 msgid "" "You can join the ODI as an individual or commercial member. Individual " "membership is pay-what-you-can, with options ranging from £1 to £100. " @@ -8176,7 +8233,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6330 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6348 msgid "" "ODI provides standardized open data training courses in which anyone can " "enroll. The initial idea was to offer an intensive and academically oriented " @@ -8184,14 +8241,14 @@ msgid "" "that. Instead, they offered a five-day-long public training course, which " "has subsequently been reduced to three days; now the most popular course is " "one day long. The fee, in addition to the time commitment, can be a barrier " -"for participation. Jeni says, “Most of the people who would be able to pay " -"don’t know they need it. Most who know they need it can’t pay.” Public-" -"sector organizations sometimes give vouchers to their employees so they can " -"attend as a form of professional development." +"for participation. Jeni says, <quote>Most of the people who would be able to " +"pay don’t know they need it. Most who know they need it can’t pay.</quote> " +"Public-sector organizations sometimes give vouchers to their employees so " +"they can attend as a form of professional development." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6344 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6362 msgid "" "ODI customizes training for clients as well, for which there is more demand. " "Custom training usually emerges through an established relationship with an " @@ -8202,7 +8259,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6353 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6371 msgid "" "Education about open data is also a part of ODI’s annual summit event, where " "curated presentations and speakers showcase the work of ODI and its members " @@ -8212,7 +8269,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6361 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6379 msgid "" "In addition to memberships and training, ODI provides advisory services to " "help with technical-data support, technology development, change management, " @@ -8223,13 +8280,13 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6370 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6388 msgid "" "On the commercial side, the following value propositions seem to resonate:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6376 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6394 msgid "" "Data-driven insights. Businesses need data from outside their business to " "get more insight. Businesses can generate value and more effectively pursue " @@ -8237,7 +8294,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6384 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6402 msgid "" "Open innovation. Many large-scale enterprises are aware they don’t innovate " "very well. One way they can innovate is to open up their data. ODI " @@ -8247,7 +8304,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6393 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6411 msgid "" "Corporate social responsibility. While this resonates with businesses, ODI " "cautions against having it be the sole reason for making data open. If a " @@ -8256,18 +8313,18 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6402 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6420 msgid "" "During their early years, ODI wanted to focus solely on the United Kingdom. " "But in their first year, large delegations of government visitors from over " "fifty countries wanted to learn more about the UK government’s open-data " "practices and how ODI saw that translating into economic value. They were " "contracted as a service provider to international governments, which " -"prompted a need to set up international ODI “nodes.”" +"prompted a need to set up international ODI <quote>nodes.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6411 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6429 msgid "" "Nodes are franchises of the ODI at a regional or city level. Hosted by " "existing (for-profit or not-for-profit) organizations, they operate locally " @@ -8280,14 +8337,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6425 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6443 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://theodi.org/odi-startup-programme\"/>; <ulink url=" "\"http://theodi.org/open-data-incubator-for-europe\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6423 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6441 msgid "" "ODI also runs programs to help start-ups in the UK and across Europe develop " "a sustainable business around open data, offering mentoring, advice, " @@ -8295,7 +8352,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6429 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6447 msgid "" "A big part of ODI’s business model revolves around community building. " "Memberships, training, summits, consulting services, nodes, and start-up " @@ -8306,12 +8363,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6443 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6461 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://certificates.theodi.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6438 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6456 msgid "" "ODI has created an online tool that organizations can use to assess the " "legal, practical, technical, and social aspects of their open data. If it is " @@ -8322,7 +8379,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6446 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6464 msgid "" "Separate from commercial activities, the ODI generates funding through " "research grants. Research includes looking at evidence on the impact of open " @@ -8331,16 +8388,16 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6452 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6470 msgid "" "Creative Commons 4.0 licenses cover database rights and ODI recommends CC " "BY, CC BY-SA, and CC0 for data releases. ODI encourages publishers of data " -"to use Creative Commons licenses rather than creating new “open licenses” of " -"their own." +"to use Creative Commons licenses rather than creating new <quote>open " +"licenses</quote> of their own." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6458 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6477 msgid "" "For ODI, open is at the heart of what they do. They also release any " "software code they produce under open-source-software licenses, and " @@ -8354,12 +8411,12 @@ msgid "" "people pay for the advice ODI gives them, not for the methodologies they " "use. Producing open content, data, and source code helps establish " "credibility and creates leads for the paid services that they offer. " -"According to Jeni, “The biggest lesson we have learned is that it is " -"completely possible to be open, get customers, and make money.”" +"According to Jeni, <quote>The biggest lesson we have learned is that it is " +"completely possible to be open, get customers, and make money.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6476 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6495 msgid "" "To serve as evidence of a successful open business model and return on " "investment, ODI has a public dashboard of key performance indicators. Here " @@ -8367,7 +8424,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6484 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6503 msgid "" "Total amount of cash investments unlocked in direct investments in ODI, " "competition funding, direct contracts, and partnerships, and income that ODI " @@ -8376,46 +8433,46 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6492 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6511 msgid "Total number of active members and nodes across the globe: 1,350" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6498 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6517 msgid "Total sales since ODI began: £7.44 million" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6503 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6522 msgid "" "Total number of unique people reached since ODI began, in person and online: " "2.2 million" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6509 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6528 msgid "Total Open Data Certificates created: 151,000" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6515 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6534 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://dashboards.theodi.org/company/all\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6514 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6533 msgid "" "Total number of people trained by ODI and its nodes since ODI began: " "5,080<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6521 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6540 msgid "OpenDesk" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6524 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6543 msgid "" "Opendesk is a for-profit company offering an online platform that connects " "furniture designers around the world with customers and local makers who " @@ -8423,32 +8480,32 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6530 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6549 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.opendesk.cc\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6532 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8947 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6551 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8982 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging a transaction " "fee" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6535 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6554 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: November 4, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6538 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6557 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: Nick Ierodiaconou and " "Joni Steiner, cofounders" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6546 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6565 msgid "" "Opendesk is an online platform that connects furniture designers around the " "world not just with customers but also with local registered makers who " @@ -8457,7 +8514,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6552 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6571 msgid "" "Cofounders Nick Ierodiaconou and Joni Steiner studied and worked as " "architects together. They also made goods. Their first client was Mint " @@ -8465,17 +8522,17 @@ msgid "" "digital fabrication, and Mint’s interest in open licensing got them to " "thinking how the open-source world may interact and apply to physical goods. " "They sought to design something for their client that was also reproducible. " -"As they put it, they decided to “ship the recipe, but not the goods.” They " -"created the design using software, put it under an open license, and had it " -"manufactured locally near the client. This was the start of the idea for " -"Opendesk. The idea for Wikihouse—another open project dedicated to " +"As they put it, they decided to <quote>ship the recipe, but not the goods.</" +"quote> They created the design using software, put it under an open license, " +"and had it manufactured locally near the client. This was the start of the " +"idea for Opendesk. The idea for Wikihouse—another open project dedicated to " "accessible housing for all—started as discussions around the same table. The " "two projects ultimately went on separate paths, with Wikihouse becoming a " "nonprofit foundation and Opendesk a for-profit company." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6569 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6588 msgid "" "When Nick and Joni set out to create Opendesk, there were a lot of questions " "about the viability of distributed manufacturing. No one was doing it in a " @@ -8484,7 +8541,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6576 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6595 msgid "" "And now this sector is emerging, and Nick and Joni are highly interested in " "the commercialization aspects of it. As part of coming up with a business " @@ -8497,7 +8554,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6587 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6606 msgid "" "When designing the Opendesk system, they had two goals. They wanted anyone, " "anywhere in the world, to be able to download designs so that they could be " @@ -8507,7 +8564,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6594 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6613 msgid "" "They gave a lot of thought to three angles—the potential for social sharing, " "allowing designers to choose their license, and the impact these choices " @@ -8515,7 +8572,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6599 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6618 msgid "" "In support of social sharing, Opendesk actively advocates for (but doesn’t " "demand) open licensing. And Nick and Joni are agnostic about which Creative " @@ -8525,21 +8582,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6610 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6630 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.opendesk.cc/designers\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6607 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6626 msgid "" "For the most part, designers love the idea of sharing content. They " "understand that you get positive feedback when you’re attributed, what Nick " -"and Joni called “reputational glow.” And Opendesk does an awesome job " -"profiling the designers.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"and Joni called <quote>reputational glow.</quote> And Opendesk does an " +"awesome job profiling the designers.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6613 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6633 msgid "" "While designers are largely OK with personal sharing, there is a concern " "that someone will take the design and manufacture the furniture in bulk, " @@ -8548,7 +8605,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6620 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6640 msgid "" "Anyone can download a design and make it themselves, provided it’s for " "noncommercial use — and there have been many, many downloads. Or users can " @@ -8560,25 +8617,25 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6637 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6657 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.opendesk.cc/open-making/makers/\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6630 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6650 msgid "" "Makers benefit from being part of Opendesk’s network. Making furniture for " "local customers is paid work, and Opendesk generates business for them. Joni " -"said, “Finding a whole network and community of makers was pretty easy " +"said, <quote>Finding a whole network and community of makers was pretty easy " "because we built a site where people could write in about their " "capabilities. Building the community by learning from the maker community is " -"how we have moved forward.” Opendesk now has relationships with hundreds of " -"makers in countries all around the world.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" -"\"0\"/>" +"how we have moved forward.</quote> Opendesk now has relationships with " +"hundreds of makers in countries all around the world.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6640 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6660 msgid "" "The makers are a critical part of the Opendesk business model. Their model " "builds off the makers’ quotes. Here’s how it’s expressed on Opendesk’s " @@ -8586,14 +8643,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6645 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6665 msgid "" "When customers buy an Opendesk product directly from a registered maker, " "they pay:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6651 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6671 msgid "" "the manufacturing cost as set by the maker (this covers material and labour " "costs for the product to be manufactured and any extra assembly costs " @@ -8601,14 +8658,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6658 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6678 msgid "" "a design fee for the designer (a design fee that is paid to the designer " "every time their design is used)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6664 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6684 msgid "" "a percentage fee to the Opendesk platform (this supports the infrastructure " "and ongoing development of the platform that helps us build out our " @@ -8616,7 +8673,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6671 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6691 msgid "" "a percentage fee to the channel through which the sale is made (at the " "moment this is Opendesk, but in the future we aim to open this up to third-" @@ -8625,14 +8682,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6680 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6700 msgid "" "a local delivery service charge (the delivery is typically charged by the " "maker, but in some cases may be paid to a third-party delivery partner)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6687 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6707 msgid "" "charges for any additional services the customer chooses, such as on-site " "assembly (additional services are discretionary—in many cases makers will be " @@ -8641,24 +8698,24 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6696 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6716 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.opendesk.cc/open-making/join\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6695 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6715 msgid "" "local sales taxes (variable by customer and maker location)<placeholder type=" "\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6701 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6721 msgid "They then go into detail how makers’ quotes are created:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6704 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6724 msgid "" "When a customer wants to buy an Opendesk . . . they are provided with a " "transparent breakdown of fees including the manufacturing cost, design fee, " @@ -8671,34 +8728,34 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6717 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6737 msgid "" "manufacturing cost: fabrication, finishing and any other costs as set by the " "maker (excluding any services like delivery or on-site assembly)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6724 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6744 msgid "design fee: 8 percent of the manufacturing cost" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6729 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6749 msgid "platform fee: 12 percent of the manufacturing cost" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6734 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6754 msgid "channel fee: 18 percent of the manufacturing cost" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6739 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6759 msgid "sales tax: as applicable (depends on product and location)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6744 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6764 msgid "" "Opendesk shares revenue with their community of designers. According to " "Nick and Joni, a typical designer fee is around 2.5 percent, so Opendesk’s 8 " @@ -8706,7 +8763,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6750 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6770 msgid "" "The Opendesk website features stories of designers and makers. Denis Fuzii " "published the design for the Valovi Chair from his studio in São Paulo. His " @@ -8716,7 +8773,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6758 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6778 msgid "" "To manage resources and remain effective, Opendesk has so far focused on a " "very narrow niche—primarily office furniture of a certain simple aesthetic, " @@ -8727,17 +8784,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6767 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6787 msgid "" -"On their website, Opendesk describes what they do as “open making”: " -"“Designers get a global distribution channel. Makers get profitable jobs and " -"new customers. You get designer products without the designer price tag, a " -"more social, eco-friendly alternative to mass-production and an affordable " -"way to buy custom-made products.”" +"On their website, Opendesk describes what they do as <quote>open making</" +"quote>: <quote>Designers get a global distribution channel. Makers get " +"profitable jobs and new customers. You get designer products without the " +"designer price tag, a more social, eco-friendly alternative to mass-" +"production and an affordable way to buy custom-made products.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6775 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6795 msgid "" "Nick and Joni say that customers like the fact that the furniture has a " "known provenance. People really like that their furniture was designed by a " @@ -8747,24 +8804,24 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6788 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6808 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://openmaking.is\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6783 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6803 msgid "" "Nick and Joni are taking a community-based approach to define and evolve " -"Opendesk and the “open making” business model. They’re engaging thought " -"leaders and practitioners to define this new movement. They have a separate " -"Open Making site, which includes a manifesto, a field guide, and an " -"invitation to get involved in the Open Making community.<placeholder type=" -"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> People can submit ideas and discuss the principles " -"and business practices they’d like to see used." +"Opendesk and the <quote>open making</quote> business model. They’re " +"engaging thought leaders and practitioners to define this new movement. They " +"have a separate Open Making site, which includes a manifesto, a field guide, " +"and an invitation to get involved in the Open Making community.<placeholder " +"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> People can submit ideas and discuss the " +"principles and business practices they’d like to see used." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6792 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6812 msgid "" "Nick and Joni talked a lot with us about intellectual property (IP) and " "commercialization. Many of their designers fear the idea that someone could " @@ -8774,29 +8831,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6800 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6820 msgid "" "Opendesk established a set of principles for what their community considers " "commercial and noncommercial use. Their website states:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6804 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6824 msgid "It is unambiguously commercial use when anyone:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6809 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6829 msgid "charges a fee or makes a profit when making an Opendesk" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6814 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6834 msgid "sells (or bases a commercial service on) an Opendesk" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6819 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6839 msgid "" "It follows from this that noncommercial use is when you make an Opendesk " "yourself, with no intention to gain commercial advantage or monetary " @@ -8804,28 +8861,28 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6827 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6847 msgid "" "you are an individual with your own CNC machine, or access to a shared CNC " "machine, and will personally cut and make a few pieces of furniture yourself" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6834 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6854 msgid "" "you are a student (or teacher) and you use the design files for educational " "purposes or training (and do not intend to sell the resulting pieces)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6841 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6861 msgid "" "you work for a charity and get furniture cut by volunteers, or by employees " "at a fab lab or maker space" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6847 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6867 msgid "" "Whether or not people technically are doing things that implicate IP, Nick " "and Joni have found that people tend to comply with the wishes of creators " @@ -8833,11 +8890,12 @@ msgid "" "replace some of the thorny legal issues. In their business model, Nick and " "Joni are trying to suspend the focus on IP and build an open business model " "that works for all stakeholders—designers, channels, manufacturers, and " -"customers. For them, the value Opendesk generates hangs off “open,” not IP." +"customers. For them, the value Opendesk generates hangs off <quote>open,</" +"quote> not IP." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6858 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6878 msgid "" "The mission of Opendesk is about relocalizing manufacturing, which changes " "the way we think about how goods are made. Commercialization is integral to " @@ -8847,7 +8905,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6865 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6885 msgid "" "As a global platform for local making, Opendesk’s business model has been " "built on honesty, transparency, and inclusivity. As Nick and Joni describe " @@ -8855,12 +8913,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6872 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6892 msgid "OpenStax" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6875 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6895 msgid "" "OpenStax is a nonprofit that provides free, openly licensed textbooks for " "high-enrollment introductory college courses and Advanced Placement courses. " @@ -8868,45 +8926,45 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6880 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6900 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.openstaxcollege.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6882 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6902 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: grant funding, charging " "for custom services, charging for physical copies (textbook sales)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6886 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6906 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: December 16, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6889 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6909 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: David Harris, editor-in-" "chief" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6897 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6917 msgid "" "OpenStax is an extension of a program called Connexions, which was started " -"in 1999 by Dr. Richard Baraniuk, the Victor E. Cameron Professor of " +"in 1999 by Dr. Richard Baraniuk, the Victor E. Cameron Professor of " "Electrical and Computer Engineering at Rice University in Houston, Texas. " -"Frustrated by the limitations of traditional textbooks and courses, Dr. " -"Baraniuk wanted to provide authors and learners a way to share and freely " -"adapt educational materials such as courses, books, and reports. Today, " -"Connexions (now called OpenStax CNX) is one of the world’s best libraries of " -"customizable educational materials, all licensed with Creative Commons and " -"available to anyone, anywhere, anytime—for free." +"Frustrated by the limitations of traditional textbooks and courses, " +"Dr. Baraniuk wanted to provide authors and learners a way to share and " +"freely adapt educational materials such as courses, books, and reports. " +"Today, Connexions (now called OpenStax CNX) is one of the world’s best " +"libraries of customizable educational materials, all licensed with Creative " +"Commons and available to anyone, anywhere, anytime—for free." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6909 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6929 msgid "" "In 2008, while in a senior leadership role at WebAssign and looking at ways " "to reduce the risk that came with relying on publishers, David Harris began " @@ -8919,7 +8977,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6920 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6940 msgid "" "David brought with him a deep understanding of the best practices of " "publishing along with where publishers have inefficiencies. In David’s view, " @@ -8933,14 +8991,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6938 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6958 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://news.rice.edu/files/2016/01/0119-" "OPENSTAX-2016Infographic-lg-1tahxiu.jpg\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6932 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6952 msgid "" "In 2012, OpenStax College launched as a nonprofit with the aim of producing " "high-quality, peer-reviewed full-color textbooks that would be available for " @@ -8953,7 +9011,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6942 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6962 msgid "" "OpenStax textbooks are all Attribution (CC BY) licensed, and each textbook " "is available as a PDF, an e-book, or web pages. Those who want a physical " @@ -8964,7 +9022,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6951 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6971 msgid "" "Teachers are invited to try out a single chapter from one of the textbooks " "with students. If that goes well, they’re encouraged to adopt the entire " @@ -8974,7 +9032,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6959 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6979 msgid "" "Any teacher can post corrections, suggest examples for difficult concepts, " "or volunteer as an editor or author. As many teachers also want supplemental " @@ -8983,12 +9041,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6970 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6990 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://openstax.org/adopters\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6966 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6986 msgid "" "Institutions can stand out by offering students a lower-cost education " "through the use of OpenStax textbooks; there’s even a textbook-savings " @@ -8998,7 +9056,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6973 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6993 msgid "" "Unlike traditional publishers’ monolithic approach of controlling " "intellectual property, distribution, and so many other aspects, OpenStax has " @@ -9007,7 +9065,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6979 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6999 msgid "" "Up-front funding of a professionally produced all-color turnkey textbook is " "expensive. For this part of their model, OpenStax relies on philanthropy. " @@ -9020,7 +9078,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6990 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7010 msgid "" "However, ongoing operations will not rely on foundation grants but instead " "on funds received through an ecosystem of over forty partners, whereby a " @@ -9032,7 +9090,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7000 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7020 msgid "" "Another example is Odigia, who has turned OpenStax books into interactive " "learning experiences and created additional tools to measure and promote " @@ -9044,7 +9102,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7010 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7030 msgid "" "In David’s view, this approach lets the market operate at peak efficiency. " "OpenStax’s partners don’t have to worry about developing textbook content, " @@ -9057,7 +9115,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7022 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7042 msgid "" "OpenStax’s cost of sales to acquire a single student is very, very low and " "is a fraction of what traditional players in the market face. This year, " @@ -9067,7 +9125,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7030 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7050 msgid "" "While OpenStax books are available online for free, many students still want " "a print copy. Through a partnership with a print and courier company, " @@ -9079,7 +9137,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7040 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7060 msgid "" "Campus-based bookstores are part of the OpenStax solution. OpenStax " "collaborates with NACSCORP (the National Association of College Stores " @@ -9094,18 +9152,18 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7053 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7073 msgid "" -"David thinks of the OpenStax model as “OER 2.0.” So what is OER 1.0? " -"Historically in the OER field, many OER initiatives have been locally funded " -"by institutions or government ministries. In David’s view, this results in " -"content that has high local value but is infrequently adopted nationally. " -"It’s therefore difficult to show payback over a time scale that is " -"reasonable." +"David thinks of the OpenStax model as <quote>OER 2.0.</quote> So what is OER " +"1.0? Historically in the OER field, many OER initiatives have been locally " +"funded by institutions or government ministries. In David’s view, this " +"results in content that has high local value but is infrequently adopted " +"nationally. It’s therefore difficult to show payback over a time scale that " +"is reasonable." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7061 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7081 msgid "" "OER 2.0 is about OER intended to be used and adopted on a national level " "right from the start. This requires a bigger investment up front but pays " @@ -9119,7 +9177,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7074 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7094 msgid "" "The process is similar for both models. First they look at the scope and " "sequence of existing textbooks. They ask questions like what does the " @@ -9138,7 +9196,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7092 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7112 msgid "" "All the people involved in this process are paid. OpenStax does not rely on " "volunteers. Writers, reviewers, illustrators, and editors are all paid an up-" @@ -9150,18 +9208,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7102 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7122 msgid "" -"David thinks of the Attribution license (CC BY) as the “innovation license.” " -"It’s core to the mission of OpenStax, letting people use their textbooks in " -"innovative ways without having to ask for permission. It frees up the whole " -"market and has been central to OpenStax being able to bring on partners. " -"OpenStax sees a lot of customization of their materials. By enabling " -"frictionless remixing, CC BY gives teachers control and academic freedom." +"David thinks of the Attribution license (CC BY) as the <quote>innovation " +"license.</quote> It’s core to the mission of OpenStax, letting people use " +"their textbooks in innovative ways without having to ask for permission. It " +"frees up the whole market and has been central to OpenStax being able to " +"bring on partners. OpenStax sees a lot of customization of their materials. " +"By enabling frictionless remixing, CC BY gives teachers control and academic " +"freedom." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7111 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7132 msgid "" "Using CC BY is also a good example of using strategies that traditional " "publishers can’t. Traditional publishers rely on copyright to prevent others " @@ -9173,34 +9232,34 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7121 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7142 msgid "" "As of September 16, 2016, OpenStax has achieved some impressive results. " "From the OpenStax at a Glance fact sheet from their recent press kit:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7128 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7149 msgid "Books published: 23" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7133 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7154 msgid "Students who have used OpenStax: 1.6 million" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7138 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7159 msgid "Money saved for students: $155 million" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7143 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7164 msgid "Money saved for students in the 2016/17 academic year: $77 million" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7149 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7170 msgid "" "Schools that have used OpenStax: 2,668 (This number reflects all " "institutions using at least one OpenStax textbook. Out of 2,668 schools, 517 " @@ -9209,7 +9268,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7158 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7179 msgid "" "While OpenStax has to date been focused on the United States, there is " "overseas adoption especially in the science, technology, engineering, and " @@ -9218,7 +9277,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7165 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7186 msgid "" "OpenStax has primarily focused on introductory-level college courses where " "there is high enrollment, but they are starting to think about verticals—a " @@ -9228,7 +9287,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7173 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7194 msgid "" "Finally, for OpenStax success is not just about the adoption of their " "textbooks and student savings. There is a human aspect to the work that is " @@ -9241,22 +9300,22 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7186 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7207 msgid "Amanda Palmer" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7189 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7210 msgid "Amanda Palmer is a musician, artist, and writer. Based in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7193 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7214 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://amandapalmer.net\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7195 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7216 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: crowdfunding " "(subscription-based), pay-what-you-want, charging for physical copies (book " @@ -9265,12 +9324,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7200 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7221 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: December 15, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7210 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7232 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.forbes.com/sites/zackomalleygreenburg/2015/04/16/" "amanda-palmer-uncut-the-kickstarter-queen-on-spotify-patreon-and-taylor-" @@ -9278,35 +9337,36 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7208 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7229 msgid "" "Since the beginning of her career, Amanda Palmer has been on what she calls " -"a “journey with no roadmap,” continually experimenting to find new ways to " -"sustain her creative work.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"a <quote>journey with no roadmap,</quote> continually experimenting to find " +"new ways to sustain her creative work.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" +"\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7213 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7235 msgid "" "In her best-selling book, The Art of Asking, Amanda articulates exactly what " -"she has been and continues to strive for—“the ideal sweet spot . . . in " -"which the artist can share freely and directly feel the reverberations of " -"their artistic gifts to the community, and make a living doing that.”" +"she has been and continues to strive for—<quote>the ideal sweet spot . . . " +"in which the artist can share freely and directly feel the reverberations of " +"their artistic gifts to the community, and make a living doing that.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7220 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7242 msgid "" "While she seems to have successfully found that sweet spot for herself, " "Amanda is the first to acknowledge there is no silver bullet. She thinks the " -"digital age is both an exciting and frustrating time for creators. “On the " -"one hand, we have this beautiful shareability,” Amanda said. “On the other, " -"you’ve got a bunch of confused artists wondering how to make money to buy " -"food so we can make more art.”" +"digital age is both an exciting and frustrating time for creators. <quote>On " +"the one hand, we have this beautiful shareability,</quote> Amanda said. " +"<quote>On the other, you’ve got a bunch of confused artists wondering how to " +"make money to buy food so we can make more art.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7229 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7251 msgid "" "Amanda began her artistic career as a street performer. She would dress up " "in an antique wedding gown, paint her face white, stand on a stack of milk " @@ -9314,52 +9374,56 @@ msgid "" "performance. She collected money in a hat. Most people walked by her without " "stopping, but an essential few stopped to watch and drop some money into her " "hat to show their appreciation. Rather than dwelling on the majority of " -"people who ignored her, she felt thankful for those who stopped. “All I " -"needed was . . . some people,” she wrote in her book. “Enough people. Enough " -"to make it worth coming back the next day, enough people to help me make " -"rent and put food on the table. Enough so I could keep making art.”" +"people who ignored her, she felt thankful for those who stopped. <quote>All " +"I needed was . . . some people,</quote> she wrote in her book. <quote>Enough " +"people. Enough to make it worth coming back the next day, enough people to " +"help me make rent and put food on the table. Enough so I could keep making " +"art.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7243 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7265 msgid "" "Amanda has come a long way from her street-performing days, but her career " -"remains dominated by that same sentiment—finding ways to reach “her crowd” " -"and feeling gratitude when she does. With her band the Dresden Dolls, Amanda " -"tried the traditional path of signing with a record label. It didn’t take " -"for a variety of reasons, but one of them was that the label had absolutely " -"no interest in Amanda’s view of success. They wanted hits, but making music " -"for the masses was never what Amanda and the Dresden Dolls set out to do." +"remains dominated by that same sentiment—finding ways to reach <quote>her " +"crowd</quote> and feeling gratitude when she does. With her band the Dresden " +"Dolls, Amanda tried the traditional path of signing with a record label. It " +"didn’t take for a variety of reasons, but one of them was that the label had " +"absolutely no interest in Amanda’s view of success. They wanted hits, but " +"making music for the masses was never what Amanda and the Dresden Dolls set " +"out to do." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7254 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7276 msgid "" "After leaving the record label in 2008, she began experimenting with " "different ways to make a living. She released music directly to the public " -"without involving a middle man, releasing digital files on a “pay what you " -"want” basis and selling CDs and vinyl. She also made money from live " -"performances and merchandise sales. Eventually, in 2012 she decided to try " -"her hand at the sort of crowdfunding we know so well today. Her Kickstarter " -"project started with a goal of $100,000, and she made $1.2 million. It " -"remains one of the most successful Kickstarter projects of all time." +"without involving a middle man, releasing digital files on a <quote>pay what " +"you want</quote> basis and selling CDs and vinyl. She also made money from " +"live performances and merchandise sales. Eventually, in 2012 she decided to " +"try her hand at the sort of crowdfunding we know so well today. Her " +"Kickstarter project started with a goal of $100,000, and she made $1.2 " +"million. It remains one of the most successful Kickstarter projects of all " +"time." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7266 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7288 msgid "" "Today, Amanda has switched gears away from crowdfunding for specific " "projects to instead getting consistent financial support from her fan base " "on Patreon, a crowdfunding site that allows artists to get recurring " "donations from fans. More than eight thousand people have signed up to " -"support her so she can create music, art, and any other creative “thing” " -"that she is inspired to make. The recurring pledges are made on a “per " -"thing” basis. All of the content she makes is made freely available under an " -"Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license (CC BY-NC-SA)." +"support her so she can create music, art, and any other creative " +"<quote>thing</quote> that she is inspired to make. The recurring pledges are " +"made on a <quote>per thing</quote> basis. All of the content she makes is " +"made freely available under an Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license " +"(CC BY-NC-SA)." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7277 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7300 msgid "" "Making her music and art available under Creative Commons licensing " "undoubtedly limits her options for how she makes a living. But sharing her " @@ -9368,37 +9432,39 @@ msgid "" "to get ten emails per week from fans asking if they could use their music " "for different projects. They said yes to all of the requests, as long as it " "wasn’t for a completely for-profit venture. At the time, they used a short-" -"form agreement written by Amanda herself. “I made everyone sign that " +"form agreement written by Amanda herself. <quote>I made everyone sign that " "contract so at least I wouldn’t be leaving the band vulnerable to someone " -"later going on and putting our music in a Camel cigarette ad,” Amanda said. " -"Once she discovered Creative Commons, adopting the licenses was an easy " -"decision because it gave them a more formal, standardized way of doing what " -"they had been doing all along. The NonCommercial licenses were a natural fit." +"later going on and putting our music in a Camel cigarette ad,</quote> Amanda " +"said. Once she discovered Creative Commons, adopting the licenses was an " +"easy decision because it gave them a more formal, standardized way of doing " +"what they had been doing all along. The NonCommercial licenses were a " +"natural fit." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7295 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7318 msgid "" "Amanda embraces the way her fans share and build upon her music. In The Art " "of Asking, she wrote that some of her fans’ unofficial videos using her " "music surpass the official videos in number of views on YouTube. Rather than " -"seeing this sort of thing as competition, Amanda celebrates it. “We got into " -"this because we wanted to share the joy of music,” she said." +"seeing this sort of thing as competition, Amanda celebrates it. <quote>We " +"got into this because we wanted to share the joy of music,</quote> she said." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7303 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7326 msgid "" "This is symbolic of how nearly everything she does in her career is " "motivated by a desire to connect with her fans. At the start of her career, " "she and the band would throw concerts at house parties. As the gatherings " -"grew, the line between fans and friends was completely blurred. “Not only " -"did most our early fans know where I lived and where we practiced, but most " -"of them had also been in my kitchen,” Amanda wrote in The Art of Asking." +"grew, the line between fans and friends was completely blurred. <quote>Not " +"only did most our early fans know where I lived and where we practiced, but " +"most of them had also been in my kitchen,</quote> Amanda wrote in The Art of " +"Asking." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7312 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7336 msgid "" "Even though her fan base is now huge and global, she continues to seek this " "sort of human connection with her fans. She seeks out face-to-face contact " @@ -9407,11 +9473,12 @@ msgid "" "the signing line after shows. It helps that Amanda has the kind of dynamic, " "engaging personality that instantly draws people to her, but a big component " "of her ability to connect with people is her willingness to listen. " -"“Listening fast and caring immediately is a skill unto itself,” Amanda wrote." +"<quote>Listening fast and caring immediately is a skill unto itself,</quote> " +"Amanda wrote." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7324 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7348 msgid "" "Another part of the connection fans feel with Amanda is how much they know " "about her life. Rather than trying to craft a public persona or image, she " @@ -9423,18 +9490,18 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7334 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7357 msgid "" -"“With social media, we’re so concerned with the picture looking palatable " -"and consumable that we forget that being human and showing the flaws and " -"exposing the vulnerability actually create a deeper connection than just " -"looking fantastic,” Amanda said. “Everything in our culture is telling us " -"otherwise. But my experience has shown me that the risk of making yourself " -"vulnerable is almost always worth it.”" +"<quote>With social media, we’re so concerned with the picture looking " +"palatable and consumable that we forget that being human and showing the " +"flaws and exposing the vulnerability actually create a deeper connection " +"than just looking fantastic,</quote> Amanda said. <quote>Everything in our " +"culture is telling us otherwise. But my experience has shown me that the " +"risk of making yourself vulnerable is almost always worth it.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7343 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7366 msgid "" "Not only does she disclose intimate details of her life to them, she sleeps " "on their couches, listens to their stories, cries with them. In short, she " @@ -9446,7 +9513,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7353 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7376 msgid "" "After years of investing time and energy into building trust with her fans, " "she has a strong enough relationship with them to ask for support—through " @@ -9458,29 +9525,30 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7363 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7385 msgid "" -"“When you openly, radically trust people, they not only take care of you, " -"they become your allies, your family,” she wrote. There really is a feeling " -"of solidarity within her core fan base. From the beginning, Amanda and her " -"band encouraged people to dress up for their shows. They consciously " -"cultivated a feeling of belonging to their “weird little family.”" +"<quote>When you openly, radically trust people, they not only take care of " +"you, they become your allies, your family,</quote> she wrote. There really " +"is a feeling of solidarity within her core fan base. From the beginning, " +"Amanda and her band encouraged people to dress up for their shows. They " +"consciously cultivated a feeling of belonging to their <quote>weird little " +"family.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7371 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7393 msgid "" "This sort of intimacy with fans is not possible or even desirable for every " -"creator. “I don’t take for granted that I happen to be the type of person " -"who loves cavorting with strangers,” Amanda said. “I recognize that it’s not " -"necessarily everyone’s idea of a good time. Everyone does it differently. " -"Replicating what I have done won’t work for others if it isn’t joyful to " -"them. It’s about finding a way to channel energy in a way that is joyful to " -"you.”" +"creator. <quote>I don’t take for granted that I happen to be the type of " +"person who loves cavorting with strangers,</quote> Amanda said. <quote>I " +"recognize that it’s not necessarily everyone’s idea of a good time. Everyone " +"does it differently. Replicating what I have done won’t work for others if " +"it isn’t joyful to them. It’s about finding a way to channel energy in a way " +"that is joyful to you.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7380 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7403 msgid "" "Yet while Amanda joyfully interacts with her fans and involves them in her " "work as much as possible, she does keep one job primarily to herself—writing " @@ -9495,18 +9563,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7393 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7416 msgid "" "For Amanda, the entire point of being an artist is to establish and maintain " -"this connection. “It sounds so corny,” she said, “but my experience in forty " -"years on this planet has pointed me to an obvious truth—that connection with " -"human beings feels so much better and more fulfilling than approaching art " -"through a capitalist lens. There is no more satisfying end goal than having " -"someone tell you that what you do is genuinely of value to them.”" +"this connection. <quote>It sounds so corny,</quote> she said, <quote>but my " +"experience in forty years on this planet has pointed me to an obvious truth—" +"that connection with human beings feels so much better and more fulfilling " +"than approaching art through a capitalist lens. There is no more satisfying " +"end goal than having someone tell you that what you do is genuinely of value " +"to them.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7402 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7426 msgid "" "As she explains it, when a fan gives her a ten-dollar bill, usually what " "they are saying is that the money symbolizes some deeper value the music " @@ -9518,12 +9587,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7413 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7437 msgid "PLOS (Public Library of Science)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7416 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7440 msgid "" "PLOS (Public Library of Science) is a nonprofit that publishes a library of " "academic journals and other scientific literature. Founded in 2000 in the U." @@ -9531,30 +9600,30 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7421 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7445 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://plos.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7423 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7447 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging content " "creators an author processing charge to be featured in the journal" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7427 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7451 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: March 7, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7429 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7453 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Louise Page, publisher" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7437 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7461 msgid "" "The Public Library of Science (PLOS) began in 2000 when three leading " "scientists—Harold E. Varmus, Patrick O. Brown, and Michael Eisen—started an " @@ -9570,7 +9639,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7451 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7475 msgid "" "Traditionally, academic publishing begins with an author submitting a " "manuscript to a publisher. After in-house technical and ethical " @@ -9584,7 +9653,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7462 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7486 msgid "" "For Louise Page, the current publisher of PLOS, this traditional model " "results in inequity. Access is restricted to those who can pay. Most " @@ -9598,7 +9667,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7474 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7498 msgid "" "That new model became known as open access. That is, free and open " "availability on the Internet. Open-access research articles are not behind a " @@ -9612,7 +9681,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7486 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7510 msgid "" "However, open access requires rethinking the business model of research " "publication. Rather than charge a subscription fee to access the journal, " @@ -9626,7 +9695,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7498 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7522 msgid "" "Calculating the article-processing charge involves taking all the costs " "associated with publishing the journal and determining a cost per article " @@ -9638,7 +9707,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7507 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7531 msgid "" "PLOS believes that lack of funds should not be a barrier to publication. " "Since its inception, PLOS has provided fee support for individuals and " @@ -9646,7 +9715,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7513 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7537 msgid "" "Louise identifies marketing as one area of big difference between PLOS and " "traditional journal publishers. Traditional journals have to invest heavily " @@ -9664,7 +9733,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7530 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7554 msgid "" "For Louise, PLOS would not exist without the Attribution license (CC BY). " "This makes it very clear what rights are associated with the content and " @@ -9675,7 +9744,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7538 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7562 msgid "" "PLOS also has a broad open-data policy. To get their research paper " "published, PLOS authors must also make their data available in a public " @@ -9683,7 +9752,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7543 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7567 msgid "" "Business-operation costs associated with the open-access model still largely " "follow the existing publishing model. PLOS journals are online only, but the " @@ -9694,7 +9763,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7552 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7576 msgid "" "Researchers are influenced by journal rankings, which reflect the place of a " "journal within its field, the relative difficulty of being published in that " @@ -9703,7 +9772,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7558 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7582 msgid "" "The promotion and tenure of researchers are partially based how many times " "other researchers cite their articles. Louise says when researchers want to " @@ -9714,7 +9783,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7567 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7591 msgid "" "Louise believes that open access has been a huge success, progressing from a " "movement led by a small cadre of researchers to something that is now " @@ -9724,7 +9793,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7575 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7599 msgid "" "PLOS further disrupted the traditional journal-publishing model by " "pioneering the concept of a megajournal. The PLOS ONE megajournal, launched " @@ -9748,7 +9817,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7599 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7623 msgid "" "Louise outlined some other aspects of the research-journal business model " "PLOS is experimenting with, describing each as a kind of slider that could " @@ -9756,7 +9825,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7604 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7628 msgid "" "One slider is time to publication. Time to publication may shorten as " "journals get better at providing quicker decisions to authors. However, " @@ -9765,7 +9834,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7611 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7635 msgid "" "Peer review is another part of the process that could change. It’s possible " "to redefine what peer review actually is, when to review, and what " @@ -9779,7 +9848,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7623 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7647 msgid "" "Louise says research with negative outcomes is almost as important as " "positive results. If journals published more research with negative " @@ -9788,7 +9857,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7630 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7654 msgid "" "Another adjustable practice is the sharing of articles at early preprint " "stages. Publication of research in a peer-reviewed journal can take a long " @@ -9806,7 +9875,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7648 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7672 msgid "" "What constitutes a journal article could also change. The idea of a research " "article as printed, bound, and in a library stack is outdated. Digital and " @@ -9818,17 +9887,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7662 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7686 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://collections.plos.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7666 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7690 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://plos.org/article-level-metrics\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7658 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7682 msgid "" "As journals scale up, and new journals are introduced, more and more " "information is being pushed out to readers, making the experience feel like " @@ -9844,7 +9913,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7671 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7695 msgid "" "The big picture for PLOS going forward is to combine and adjust these " "experimental practices in ways that continue to improve accessibility and " @@ -9856,7 +9925,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7681 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7705 msgid "" "For PLOS, success is not about revenue. Success is about proving that " "scientific research can be communicated rapidly and economically at scale, " @@ -9868,7 +9937,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7691 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7715 msgid "" "Ultimately, for PLOS, its authors, and its readers, success is about making " "research discoverable, available, and reproducible for the advancement of " @@ -9876,24 +9945,24 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7697 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7721 msgid "Rijksmuseum" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7700 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7724 msgid "" "The Rijksmuseum is a Dutch national museum dedicated to art and history. " "Founded in 1800 in the Netherlands" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7704 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7728 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7706 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7730 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: grants and government " "funding, charging for in-person version (museum admission), selling " @@ -9901,19 +9970,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7710 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7734 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: December 11, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7713 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7737 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Lizzy Jongma, the data " "manager of the collections information department" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7721 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7745 msgid "" "The Rijksmuseum, a national museum in the Netherlands dedicated to art and " "history, has been housed in its current building since 1885. The monumental " @@ -9930,7 +9999,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7737 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7761 msgid "" "By the time Lizzy Jongma joined the Rijksmuseum in 2011 as a data manager, " "staff were fed up with the situation the museum was in. They also realized " @@ -9946,7 +10015,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7751 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7775 msgid "" "It was effective but a bit boring. It was just data. A hackathon they were " "invited to got them to start talking about events like that as having " @@ -9957,12 +10026,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7762 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7786 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.europeana.eu/portal/en\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7760 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7784 msgid "" "Then, Lizzy says, Europeana came along. Europeana is Europe’s digital " "library, museum, and archive for cultural heritage.<placeholder type=" @@ -9978,9 +10047,9 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7774 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7798 msgid "" -"They realized that they don’t “own” the collection and couldn’t " +"They realized that they don’t <quote>own</quote> the collection and couldn’t " "realistically monitor and enforce compliance with the restrictive licensing " "terms they currently had in place. For example, many copies and versions of " "Vermeer’s Milkmaid (part of their collection) were already online, many of " @@ -9992,7 +10061,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7787 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7811 msgid "" "In 2011 the Rijksmuseum began making their digital photos of works known to " "be free of copyright available online, using Creative Commons CC0 to place " @@ -10007,7 +10076,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7801 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7825 msgid "" "In 2013 the Rijksmuseum changed its business model. They Creative Commons " "licensed their highest-quality images and released them online for free. " @@ -10020,7 +10089,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7812 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7836 msgid "" "Releasing these high-quality images for free reduced the number of poor-" "quality images that were proliferating. The high-quality image of Vermeer’s " @@ -10030,13 +10099,13 @@ msgid "" "found in other platforms. For example, Rijksmuseum images are now used in " "thousands of Wikipedia articles, receiving ten to eleven million views per " "month. This extends Rijksmuseum’s reach far beyond the scope of its website. " -"Sharing these images online creates what Lizzy calls the “Mona Lisa effect,” " -"where a work of art becomes so famous that people want to see it in real " -"life by visiting the actual museum." +"Sharing these images online creates what Lizzy calls the <quote>Mona Lisa " +"effect,</quote> where a work of art becomes so famous that people want to " +"see it in real life by visiting the actual museum." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7827 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7851 msgid "" "Every museum tends to be driven by the number of physical visitors. The " "Rijksmuseum is primarily publicly funded, receiving roughly 70 percent of " @@ -10047,7 +10116,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7835 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7859 msgid "" "As museums create a digital presence for themselves and put up digital " "representations of their collection online, there’s frequently a worry that " @@ -10062,12 +10131,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7855 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7879 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7849 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7873 msgid "" "In 2011 the Rijksmuseum received €1 million from the Dutch lottery to create " "a new web presence that would be different from any other museum’s. In " @@ -10078,20 +10147,20 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7858 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7882 msgid "" "The Rijksstudio gives users access to over two hundred thousand high-quality " "digital representations of masterworks from the collection. Users can zoom " "in to any work and even clip small parts of images they like. Rijksstudio is " -"a bit like Pinterest. You can “like” works and compile your personal " -"favorites, and you can share them with friends or download them free of " -"charge. All the images in the Rijksstudio are copyright and royalty free, " -"and users are encouraged to use them as they like, for private or even " +"a bit like Pinterest. You can <quote>like</quote> works and compile your " +"personal favorites, and you can share them with friends or download them " +"free of charge. All the images in the Rijksstudio are copyright and royalty " +"free, and users are encouraged to use them as they like, for private or even " "commercial purposes." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7869 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7893 msgid "" "Users have created over 276,000 Rijksstudios, generating their own themed " "virtual exhibitions on a wide variety of topics ranging from tapestries to " @@ -10100,7 +10169,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7876 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7900 msgid "" "Some contemporary artists who have works in the Rijksmuseum collection " "contacted them to ask why their works were not included in the Rijksstudio. " @@ -10113,14 +10182,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7896 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7920 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.etsy.com/ca/listing/175696771/fringe-kimono-silk-" "kimono-kimono-robe\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7887 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7911 msgid "" "The Rijksmuseum believes that art stimulates entrepreneurial activity. The " "line between creative and commercial can be blurry. As Lizzy says, even " @@ -10134,7 +10203,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7900 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7924 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-award\"/>; the 2014 " "award: <ulink url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-award-2014\"/>; " @@ -10143,14 +10212,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7912 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7936 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/rijksstudio/142328--nominees-" "rijksstudio-award/creaties/ba595afe-452d-46bd-9c8c-48dcbdd7f0a4\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7899 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7923 msgid "" "In 2013 the Rijksmuseum organized their first high-profile design " "competition, known as the Rijksstudio Award.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " @@ -10168,7 +10237,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7918 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7942 msgid "" "For the next iteration of the Rijksstudio, the Rijksmuseum is considering an " "upload tool, for people to upload their own works of art, and enhanced " @@ -10176,7 +10245,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7924 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7948 msgid "" "Going with a more open business model generated lots of publicity for the " "Rijksmuseum. They were one of the first museums to open up their collection " @@ -10187,7 +10256,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7933 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7957 msgid "" "The Rijksmuseum has been experimenting with other ways to invite the public " "to look at and interact with their collection. On an international day " @@ -10202,75 +10271,75 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7946 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7970 msgid "" "For the Rijksmuseum, adopting an open business model was scary. They came " "up with many worst-case scenarios, imagining all kinds of awful things " "people might do with the museum’s works. But Lizzy says those fears did not " -"come true because “ninety-nine percent of people have respect for great " -"art.” Many museums think they can make a lot of money by selling things " -"related to their collection. But in Lizzy’s experience, museums are usually " -"bad at selling things, and sometimes efforts to generate a small amount of " -"money block something much bigger—the real value that the collection has. " -"For Lizzy, clinging to small amounts of revenue is being penny-wise but " -"pound-foolish. For the Rijksmuseum, a key lesson has been to never lose " -"sight of its vision for the collection. Allowing access to and use of their " -"collection has generated great promotional value—far more than the previous " -"practice of charging fees for access and use. Lizzy sums up their " -"experience: “Give away; get something in return. Generosity makes people " -"happy to join you and help out.”" +"come true because <quote>ninety-nine percent of people have respect for " +"great art.</quote> Many museums think they can make a lot of money by " +"selling things related to their collection. But in Lizzy’s experience, " +"museums are usually bad at selling things, and sometimes efforts to generate " +"a small amount of money block something much bigger—the real value that the " +"collection has. For Lizzy, clinging to small amounts of revenue is being " +"penny-wise but pound-foolish. For the Rijksmuseum, a key lesson has been to " +"never lose sight of its vision for the collection. Allowing access to and " +"use of their collection has generated great promotional value—far more than " +"the previous practice of charging fees for access and use. Lizzy sums up " +"their experience: <quote>Give away; get something in return. Generosity " +"makes people happy to join you and help out.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7966 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7990 msgid "Shareable" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7969 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7993 msgid "" "Shareable is an online magazine about sharing. Founded in 2009 in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7973 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7997 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.shareable.net\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7975 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7999 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: grant funding, " "crowdfunding (project-based), donations, sponsorships" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7978 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8002 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 24, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7981 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8005 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Neal Gorenflo, cofounder " "and executive editor" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7989 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8013 msgid "" "In 2013, Shareable faced an impasse. The nonprofit online publication had " "helped start a sharing movement four years prior, but over time, they " "watched one part of the movement stray from its ideals. As giants like Uber " -"and Airbnb gained ground, attention began to center on the “sharing economy” " -"we know now—profit-driven, transactional, and loaded with venture-capital " -"money. Leaders of corporate start-ups in this domain invited Shareable to " -"advocate for them. The magazine faced a choice: ride the wave or stand on " -"principle." +"and Airbnb gained ground, attention began to center on the <quote>sharing " +"economy</quote> we know now—profit-driven, transactional, and loaded with " +"venture-capital money. Leaders of corporate start-ups in this domain invited " +"Shareable to advocate for them. The magazine faced a choice: ride the wave " +"or stand on principle." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8000 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8024 msgid "" "As an organization, Shareable decided to draw a line in the sand. In 2013, " "the cofounder and executive editor Neal Gorenflo wrote an opinion piece in " @@ -10278,23 +10347,24 @@ msgid "" "Valley version of the sharing economy, while contrasting it with aspects of " "the real sharing economy like open-source software, participatory budgeting " "(where citizens decide how a public budget is spent), cooperatives, and " -"more. He wrote, “It’s not so much that collaborative consumption is dead, " -"it’s more that it risks dying as it gets absorbed by the ‘Borg.’”" +"more. He wrote, <quote>It’s not so much that collaborative consumption is " +"dead, it’s more that it risks dying as it gets absorbed by the <quote>Borg.</" +"quote></quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8012 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8036 msgid "" "Neal said their public critique of the corporate sharing economy defined " "what Shareable was and is. He does not think the magazine would still be " -"around had they chosen differently. “We would have gotten another type of " -"audience, but it would have spelled the end of us,” he said. “We are a " -"small, mission-driven organization. We would never have been able to weather " -"the criticism that Airbnb and Uber are getting now.”" +"around had they chosen differently. <quote>We would have gotten another type " +"of audience, but it would have spelled the end of us,</quote> he said. " +"<quote>We are a small, mission-driven organization. We would never have been " +"able to weather the criticism that Airbnb and Uber are getting now.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8021 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8046 msgid "" "Interestingly, impassioned supporters are only a small sliver of Shareable’s " "total audience. Most are casual readers who come across a Shareable story " @@ -10302,69 +10372,70 @@ msgid "" "choosing principles over the possibility of riding the coattails of the " "major corporate players in the sharing space saved Shareable’s credibility. " "Although they became detached from the corporate sharing economy, the online " -"magazine became the voice of the “real sharing economy” and continued to " -"grow their audience." +"magazine became the voice of the <quote>real sharing economy</quote> and " +"continued to grow their audience." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8032 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8057 msgid "" "Shareable is a magazine, but the content they publish is a means to " "furthering their role as a leader and catalyst of a movement. Shareable " -"became a leader in the movement in 2009. “At that time, there was a sharing " -"movement bubbling beneath the surface, but no one was connecting the dots,” " -"Neal said. “We decided to step into that space and take on that role.” The " -"small team behind the nonprofit publication truly believed sharing could be " -"central to solving some of the major problems human beings face—resource " -"inequality, social isolation, and global warming." +"became a leader in the movement in 2009. <quote>At that time, there was a " +"sharing movement bubbling beneath the surface, but no one was connecting the " +"dots,</quote> Neal said. <quote>We decided to step into that space and take " +"on that role.</quote> The small team behind the nonprofit publication truly " +"believed sharing could be central to solving some of the major problems " +"human beings face—resource inequality, social isolation, and global warming." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8043 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8069 msgid "" "They have worked hard to find ways to tell stories that show different " -"metrics for success. “We wanted to change the notion of what constitutes the " -"good life,” Neal said. While they started out with a very broad focus on " -"sharing generally, today they emphasize stories about the physical commons " -"like “sharing cities” (i.e., urban areas managed in a sustainable, " -"cooperative way), as well as digital platforms that are run democratically. " -"They particularly focus on how-to content that help their readers make " -"changes in their own lives and communities." +"metrics for success. <quote>We wanted to change the notion of what " +"constitutes the good life,</quote> Neal said. While they started out with a " +"very broad focus on sharing generally, today they emphasize stories about " +"the physical commons like <quote>sharing cities</quote> (i.e., urban areas " +"managed in a sustainable, cooperative way), as well as digital platforms " +"that are run democratically. They particularly focus on how-to content that " +"help their readers make changes in their own lives and communities." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8054 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8081 msgid "" "More than half of Shareable’s stories are written by paid journalists that " -"are contracted by the magazine. “Particularly in content areas that are a " -"priority for us, we really want to go deep and control the quality,” Neal " -"said. The rest of the content is either contributed by guest writers, often " -"for free, or written by other publications from their network of content " -"publishers. Shareable is a member of the Post Growth Alliance, which " -"facilitates the sharing of content and audiences among a large and growing " -"group of mostly nonprofits. Each organization gets a chance to present " -"stories to the group, and the organizations can use and promote each other’s " -"stories. Much of the content created by the network is licensed with " -"Creative Commons." +"are contracted by the magazine. <quote>Particularly in content areas that " +"are a priority for us, we really want to go deep and control the quality,</" +"quote> Neal said. The rest of the content is either contributed by guest " +"writers, often for free, or written by other publications from their network " +"of content publishers. Shareable is a member of the Post Growth Alliance, " +"which facilitates the sharing of content and audiences among a large and " +"growing group of mostly nonprofits. Each organization gets a chance to " +"present stories to the group, and the organizations can use and promote each " +"other’s stories. Much of the content created by the network is licensed " +"with Creative Commons." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8068 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8096 msgid "" "All of Shareable’s original content is published under the Attribution " "license (CC BY), meaning it can be used for any purpose as long as credit is " "given to Shareable. Creative Commons licensing is aligned with Shareable’s " "vision, mission, and identity. That alone explains the organization’s " "embrace of the licenses for their content, but Neal also believes CC " -"licensing helps them increase their reach. “By using CC licensing,” he said, " -"“we realized we could reach far more people through a formal and informal " -"network of republishers or affiliates. That has definitely been the case. " -"It’s hard for us to measure the reach of other media properties, but most of " -"the outlets who republish our work have much bigger audiences than we do.”" +"licensing helps them increase their reach. <quote>By using CC licensing,</" +"quote> he said, <quote>we realized we could reach far more people through a " +"formal and informal network of republishers or affiliates. That has " +"definitely been the case. It’s hard for us to measure the reach of other " +"media properties, but most of the outlets who republish our work have much " +"bigger audiences than we do.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8082 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8111 msgid "" "In addition to their regular news and commentary online, Shareable has also " "experimented with book publishing. In 2012, they worked with a traditional " @@ -10376,7 +10447,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8092 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8121 msgid "" "In 2016, Shareable self-published a book of curated Shareable stories called " "How to: Share, Save Money and Have Fun. The book was available for sale, but " @@ -10385,7 +10456,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8099 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8128 msgid "" "This recent book is one of many fund-raising experiments Shareable has " "conducted in recent years. Currently, Shareable is primarily funded by " @@ -10397,33 +10468,33 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8109 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8138 msgid "" "For Shareable, success is very much about their impact on the world. This is " -"true for Neal, but also for everyone who works for Shareable. “We attract " -"passionate people,” Neal said. At times, that means employees work so hard " -"they burn out. Neal tries to stress to the Shareable team that another part " -"of success is having fun and taking care of yourself while you do something " -"you love. “A central part of human beings is that we long to be on a great " -"adventure with people we love,” he said. “We are a species who look over the " -"horizon and imagine and create new worlds, but we also seek the comfort of " -"hearth and home.”" +"true for Neal, but also for everyone who works for Shareable. <quote>We " +"attract passionate people,</quote> Neal said. At times, that means " +"employees work so hard they burn out. Neal tries to stress to the Shareable " +"team that another part of success is having fun and taking care of yourself " +"while you do something you love. <quote>A central part of human beings is " +"that we long to be on a great adventure with people we love,</quote> he " +"said. <quote>We are a species who look over the horizon and imagine and " +"create new worlds, but we also seek the comfort of hearth and home.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8121 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8151 msgid "" "In 2013, Shareable ran its first crowdfunding campaign to launch their " "Sharing Cities Network. Neal said at first they were on pace to fail " "spectacularly. They called in their advisers in a panic and asked for help. " -"The advice they received was simple—“Sit your ass in a chair and start " -"making calls.” That’s exactly what they did, and they ended up reaching " -"their $50,000 goal. Neal said the campaign helped them reach new people, but " -"the vast majority of backers were people in their existing base." +"The advice they received was simple—<quote>Sit your ass in a chair and start " +"making calls.</quote> That’s exactly what they did, and they ended up " +"reaching their $50,000 goal. Neal said the campaign helped them reach new " +"people, but the vast majority of backers were people in their existing base." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8131 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8161 msgid "" "For Neal, this symbolized how so much of success comes down to " "relationships. Over time, Shareable has invested time and energy into the " @@ -10433,25 +10504,25 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8138 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8168 msgid "" "Shareable began hosting events in 2010. These events were designed to bring " "the sharing community together. But over time they realized they could reach " -"far more people if they helped their readers to host their own events. “If " -"we wanted to go big on a conference, there was a huge risk and huge staffing " -"needs, plus only a fraction of our community could travel to the event,” " -"Neal said. Enabling others to create their own events around the globe " -"allowed them to scale up their work more effectively and reach far more " -"people. Shareable has catalyzed three hundred different events reaching over " -"twenty thousand people since implementing this strategy three years ago. " -"Going forward, Shareable is focusing the network on creating and " -"distributing content meant to spur local action. For instance, Shareable " -"will publish a new CC-licensed book in 2017 filled with ideas for their " -"network to implement." +"far more people if they helped their readers to host their own events. " +"<quote>If we wanted to go big on a conference, there was a huge risk and " +"huge staffing needs, plus only a fraction of our community could travel to " +"the event,</quote> Neal said. Enabling others to create their own events " +"around the globe allowed them to scale up their work more effectively and " +"reach far more people. Shareable has catalyzed three hundred different " +"events reaching over twenty thousand people since implementing this strategy " +"three years ago. Going forward, Shareable is focusing the network on " +"creating and distributing content meant to spur local action. For instance, " +"Shareable will publish a new CC-licensed book in 2017 filled with ideas for " +"their network to implement." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8155 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8185 msgid "" "Neal says Shareable stumbled upon this strategy, but it seems to perfectly " "encapsulate just how the commons is supposed to work. Rather than a one-" @@ -10460,12 +10531,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8163 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8193 msgid "Siyavula" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8166 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8196 msgid "" "Siyavula is a for-profit educational-technology company that creates " "textbooks and integrated learning experiences. Founded in 2012 in South " @@ -10473,29 +10544,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8171 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8201 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.siyavula.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8173 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8203 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for custom " "services, sponsorships" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8176 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8206 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: April 5, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8178 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8208 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Mark Horner, CEO" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8185 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8215 msgid "" "Openness is a key principle for Siyavula. They believe that every learner " "and teacher should have access to high-quality educational resources, as " @@ -10505,7 +10576,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8193 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8223 msgid "" "In terms of creating an open business model that involves Creative Commons, " "Siyavula—and its founder, Mark Horner—have been around the block a few " @@ -10514,7 +10585,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8200 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8230 msgid "" "It all started in 2002, when Mark and several other colleagues at the " "University of Cape Town in South Africa founded the Free High School Science " @@ -10524,12 +10595,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8211 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8241 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8208 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8238 msgid "" "As physicists, Mark and his colleagues were advocates of open-source " "software. To make the books open and free, they adopted the Free Software " @@ -10541,7 +10612,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8217 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8247 msgid "" "In 2007, the Shuttleworth Foundation offered funding support to make the " "textbooks available for trial use at more schools. Surveys before and after " @@ -10551,7 +10622,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8225 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8255 msgid "" "But the development of new textbooks froze at this stage. Mark shifted his " "focus to rural schools, which didn’t have textbooks at all, and looked into " @@ -10560,12 +10631,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8235 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8265 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.capetowndeclaration.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8231 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8261 msgid "" "In 2007, Shuttleworth and the Open Society Institute convened a group of " "open-education activists for a small but lively meeting in Cape Town. One " @@ -10577,7 +10648,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8240 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8270 msgid "" "They wrote six original textbooks. A small publishing company offered " "Shuttleworth the option to buy out the publisher’s existing K–9 content for " @@ -10587,7 +10658,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8248 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8278 msgid "" "Mark wanted to build out the remaining curricula collaboratively through " "communities of practice—that is, with fellow educators and writers. Although " @@ -10603,12 +10674,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8267 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8297 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://cnx.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8263 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8293 msgid "" "Not only did Mark want the resources to be shareable, he wanted all teachers " "to be able to remix and edit the content. Mark and his team had to come up " @@ -10620,7 +10691,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8271 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8301 msgid "" "Then the Shuttleworth Foundation decided to completely restructure its work " "as a foundation into a fellowship model (for reasons completely unrelated to " @@ -10629,7 +10700,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8278 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8308 msgid "" "Mark and his team experimented with several different strategies. They " "tried creating an authoring and hosting platform called Full Marks so that " @@ -10640,7 +10711,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8286 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8316 msgid "" "Then the South African government approached Siyavula with an interest in " "printing out the original six Free High School Science Texts (math and " @@ -10651,7 +10722,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8294 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8324 msgid "" "They began to conceive of the six books as having massive marketing " "potential for Siyavula. Printing Siyavula books for every kid in South " @@ -10662,7 +10733,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8303 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8333 msgid "" "Mark and his team began imagining what they could develop beyond what was in " "the textbooks as a service they charge for. One key thing you can’t do well " @@ -10676,7 +10747,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8316 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8346 msgid "" "The costs for using Intelligent Practice were set very low, making it " "accessible even to those with limited financial means. Siyavula was going " @@ -10685,7 +10756,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8322 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8352 msgid "" "The government distributed the books to 1.5 million students, but there was " "an unexpected wrinkle: the books were delivered late. Rather than wait, " @@ -10696,18 +10767,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8331 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8361 msgid "" "Siyavula’s site did see a dramatic increase in traffic. They got five " "hundred thousand visitors per month to their math site and the same number " -"to their science site. Two-fifths of the traffic was reading on a “feature " -"phone” (a nonsmartphone with no apps). People on basic phones were reading " -"math and science on a two-inch screen at all hours of the day. To Mark, it " -"was quite amazing and spoke to a need they were servicing." +"to their science site. Two-fifths of the traffic was reading on a " +"<quote>feature phone</quote> (a nonsmartphone with no apps). People on basic " +"phones were reading math and science on a two-inch screen at all hours of " +"the day. To Mark, it was quite amazing and spoke to a need they were " +"servicing." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8340 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8370 msgid "" "At first, the Intelligent Practice services could only be paid using a " "credit card. This proved problematic, especially for those in the low-income " @@ -10718,7 +10790,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8349 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8379 msgid "" "Mark describes this as the first version of Siyavula’s business model: open " "textbooks serving as marketing material and driving traffic to your site, " @@ -10727,7 +10799,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8355 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8385 msgid "" "For Mark a key decision for Siyavula’s business was to focus on how they can " "add value on top of their basic service. They’ll charge only if they are " @@ -10738,7 +10810,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8364 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8394 msgid "" "Version two of Siyavula’s business model was a big, ambitious idea—scale up. " "They also decided to sell the Intelligent Practice service to schools " @@ -10751,7 +10823,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8375 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8405 msgid "" "Teachers get a dashboard that allows them to monitor the progress of an " "entire class or view an individual learner’s results. They can see the " @@ -10762,7 +10834,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8384 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8414 msgid "" "Based on the success of this effort, Siyavula decided to substantially " "increase the production of open educational resources so they could provide " @@ -10772,12 +10844,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8395 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8425 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.siyavula.com/products-primary-school.html\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8392 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8422 msgid "" "In partnership with, and sponsored by, the Sasol Inzalo Foundation, Siyavula " "produced a series of natural sciences and technology workbooks for grades 4 " @@ -10787,7 +10859,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8399 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8429 msgid "" "Through this experience, Siyavula learned they could get sponsors to help " "fund openly licensed textbooks. It helped that Siyavula had by this time " @@ -10799,7 +10871,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8409 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8439 msgid "" "The Siyavula books that are reviewed, approved, and branded by the " "government are freely and openly available on Siyavula’s website under an " @@ -10810,7 +10882,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8417 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8447 msgid "" "Although the South African government paid to print and distribute hard " "copies of the books to schoolkids, Siyavula itself received no funding from " @@ -10823,7 +10895,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8428 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8458 msgid "" "Using Siyavula books generated huge savings for the government. Providing " "students with a traditionally published grade 12 science or math textbook " @@ -10835,7 +10907,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8438 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8468 msgid "" "Just as Siyavula was planning to scale up the production of open textbooks " "even more, the South African government changed its textbook policy. To save " @@ -10845,7 +10917,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8446 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8476 msgid "" "Rather than producing more textbooks, Siyavula focused on improving its " "Intelligent Practice technology for its existing books. Mark calls this " @@ -10858,7 +10930,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8457 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8487 msgid "" "Mark says sales are way up, and they are really nailing Intelligent " "Practice. Schools continue to use their open textbooks. The government-" @@ -10867,7 +10939,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8464 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8494 msgid "" "Siyavula is exploring a range of enhancements to their business model. These " "include charging a small amount for assessment services provided over the " @@ -10877,7 +10949,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8472 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8502 msgid "" "Siyavula is a for-profit business but one with a social mission. Their " "shareholders’ agreement lists lots of requirements around openness for " @@ -10893,42 +10965,42 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8488 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8518 msgid "SparkFun" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8491 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8521 msgid "" "SparkFun is an online electronics retailer specializing in open hardware. " "Founded in 2003 in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8495 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8525 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.sparkfun.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8497 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8527 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for physical " "copies (electronics sales)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8500 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8530 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 29, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8503 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8533 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Nathan Seidle, founder" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8511 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8541 msgid "" "SparkFun founder and former CEO Nathan Seidle has a picture of himself " "holding up a clone of a SparkFun product in an electronics market in China, " @@ -10938,16 +11010,16 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8518 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8547 msgid "" -"“Being copied is the greatest earmark of flattery and success,” Nathan said. " -"“I thought it was so cool that they were selling to a market we were never " -"going to get access to otherwise. It was evidence of our impact on the " -"world.”" +"<quote>Being copied is the greatest earmark of flattery and success,</quote> " +"Nathan said. <quote>I thought it was so cool that they were selling to a " +"market we were never going to get access to otherwise. It was evidence of " +"our impact on the world.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8524 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8553 msgid "" "This worldview runs through everything SparkFun does. SparkFun is an " "electronics manufacturer. The company sells its products directly to the " @@ -10958,74 +11030,76 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8533 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8562 msgid "" -"Nathan believes open licensing is good for the world. “It touches on our " -"natural human instinct to share,” he said. But he also strongly believes it " -"makes SparkFun better at what they do. They encourage copying, and their " -"products are copied at a very fast rate, often within ten to twelve weeks of " -"release. This forces the company to compete on something other than product " -"design, or what most commonly consider their intellectual property." +"Nathan believes open licensing is good for the world. <quote>It touches on " +"our natural human instinct to share,</quote> he said. But he also strongly " +"believes it makes SparkFun better at what they do. They encourage copying, " +"and their products are copied at a very fast rate, often within ten to " +"twelve weeks of release. This forces the company to compete on something " +"other than product design, or what most commonly consider their intellectual " +"property." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8542 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8571 msgid "" -"“We compete on business principles,” Nathan said. “Claiming your territory " -"with intellectual property allows you to get comfy and rest on your laurels. " -"It gives you a safety net. We took away that safety net.”" +"<quote>We compete on business principles,</quote> Nathan said. " +"<quote>Claiming your territory with intellectual property allows you to get " +"comfy and rest on your laurels. It gives you a safety net. We took away that " +"safety net.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8548 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8577 msgid "" "The result is an intense company-wide focus on product development and " -"improvement. “Our products are so much better than they were five years " -"ago,” Nathan said. “We used to just sell products. Now it’s a product plus a " -"video, a seventeen-page hookup guide, and example firmware on three " -"different platforms to get you up and running faster. We have gotten better " -"because we had to in order to compete. As painful as it is for us, it’s " -"better for the customers.”" +"improvement. <quote>Our products are so much better than they were five " +"years ago,</quote> Nathan said. <quote>We used to just sell products. Now " +"it’s a product plus a video, a seventeen-page hookup guide, and example " +"firmware on three different platforms to get you up and running faster. We " +"have gotten better because we had to in order to compete. As painful as it " +"is for us, it’s better for the customers.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8558 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8587 msgid "" "SparkFun parts are available on eBay for lower prices. But people come " "directly to SparkFun because SparkFun makes their lives easier. The example " "code works; there is a service number to call; they ship replacement parts " "the day they get a service call. They invest heavily in service and support. " -"“I don’t believe businesses should be competing with IP [intellectual " -"property] barriers,” Nathan said. “This is the stuff they should be " -"competing on.”" +"<quote>I don’t believe businesses should be competing with IP [intellectual " +"property] barriers,</quote> Nathan said. <quote>This is the stuff they " +"should be competing on.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8567 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8597 msgid "" "SparkFun’s company history began in Nathan’s college dorm room. He spent a " "lot of time experimenting with and building electronics, and he realized " -"there was a void in the market. “If you wanted to place an order for " -"something,” he said, “you first had to search far and wide to find it, and " -"then you had to call or fax someone.” In 2003, during his third year of " -"college, he registered <ulink url=\"http://sparkfun.com\"/> and started " -"reselling products out of his bedroom. After he graduated, he started making " -"and selling his own products." +"there was a void in the market. <quote>If you wanted to place an order for " +"something,</quote> he said, <quote>you first had to search far and wide to " +"find it, and then you had to call or fax someone.</quote> In 2003, during " +"his third year of college, he registered <ulink url=\"http://sparkfun.com\"/" +"> and started reselling products out of his bedroom. After he graduated, he " +"started making and selling his own products." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8578 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8609 msgid "" "Once he started designing his own products, he began putting the software " "and schematics online to help with technical support. After doing some " "research on licensing options, he chose Creative Commons licenses because he " -"was drawn to the “human-readable deeds” that explain the licensing terms in " -"simple terms. SparkFun still uses CC licenses for all of the schematics and " -"firmware for the products they create." +"was drawn to the <quote>human-readable deeds</quote> that explain the " +"licensing terms in simple terms. SparkFun still uses CC licenses for all of " +"the schematics and firmware for the products they create." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8587 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8618 msgid "" "The company has grown from a solo project to a corporation with 140 " "employees. In 2015, SparkFun earned $33 million in revenue. Selling " @@ -11036,7 +11110,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8596 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8627 msgid "" "SparkFun also has an educational department dedicated to creating a hands-on " "curriculum to teach students about electronics using prototyping parts. " @@ -11046,28 +11120,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8604 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8634 msgid "" -"“We have the burden and opportunity to educate the next generation of " -"technical citizens,” Nathan said. “Our goal is to affect the lives of three " -"hundred and fifty thousand high school students by 2020.”" +"<quote>We have the burden and opportunity to educate the next generation of " +"technical citizens,</quote> Nathan said. <quote>Our goal is to affect the " +"lives of three hundred and fifty thousand high school students by 2020.</" +"quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8610 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8640 msgid "" "The Creative Commons license underlying all of SparkFun’s products is " "central to this mission. The license not only signals a willingness to " "share, but it also expresses a desire for others to get in and tinker with " "their products, both to learn and to make their products better. SparkFun " -"uses the Attribution-ShareAlike license (CC BY-SA), which is a “copyleft” " -"license that allows people to do anything with the content as long as they " -"provide credit and make any adaptations available under the same licensing " -"terms." +"uses the Attribution-ShareAlike license (CC BY-SA), which is a " +"<quote>copyleft</quote> license that allows people to do anything with the " +"content as long as they provide credit and make any adaptations available " +"under the same licensing terms." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8621 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8651 msgid "" "From the beginning, Nathan has tried to create a work environment at " "SparkFun that he himself would want to work in. The result is what appears " @@ -11079,34 +11154,35 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8632 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8662 msgid "" "The public event, called the Autonomous Vehicle Competition, brings in a " "thousand to two thousand customers and other technology enthusiasts from " "around the area to race their own self-created bots against each other, " "participate in training workshops, and socialize. From a business " "perspective, Nathan says it’s a terrible idea. But they don’t hold the event " -"for business reasons. “The reason we do it is because I get to travel and " -"have interactions with our customers all the time, but most of our employees " -"don’t,” he said. “This event gives our employees the opportunity to get face-" -"to-face contact with our customers.” The event infuses their work with a " -"human element, which makes it more meaningful." +"for business reasons. <quote>The reason we do it is because I get to travel " +"and have interactions with our customers all the time, but most of our " +"employees don’t,</quote> he said. <quote>This event gives our employees the " +"opportunity to get face-to-face contact with our customers.</quote> The " +"event infuses their work with a human element, which makes it more " +"meaningful." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8646 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8676 msgid "" "Nathan has worked hard to imbue a deeper meaning into the work SparkFun " "does. The company is, of course, focused on being fiscally responsible, but " -"they are ultimately driven by something other than money. “Profit is not the " -"goal; it is the outcome of a well-executed plan,” Nathan said. “We focus on " -"having a bigger impact on the world.” Nathan believes they get some of the " -"brightest and most amazing employees because they aren’t singularly focused " -"on the bottom line." +"they are ultimately driven by something other than money. <quote>Profit is " +"not the goal; it is the outcome of a well-executed plan,</quote> Nathan " +"said. <quote>We focus on having a bigger impact on the world.</quote> Nathan " +"believes they get some of the brightest and most amazing employees because " +"they aren’t singularly focused on the bottom line." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8656 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8686 msgid "" "The company is committed to transparency and shares all of its financials " "with its employees. They also generally strive to avoid being another " @@ -11116,43 +11192,46 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8663 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8693 msgid "" "SparkFun’s customer base is largely made up of industrious electronics " "enthusiasts. They have customers who are regularly involved in the company’s " "customer support, independently responding to questions in forums and " "product-comment sections. Customers also bring product ideas to the " "company. SparkFun regularly sifts through suggestions from customers and " -"tries to build on them where they can. “From the beginning, we have been " -"listening to the community,” Nathan said. “Customers would identify a pain " -"point, and we would design something to address it.”" +"tries to build on them where they can. <quote>From the beginning, we have " +"been listening to the community,</quote> Nathan said. <quote>Customers " +"would identify a pain point, and we would design something to address it.</" +"quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8675 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8705 msgid "" "However, this sort of customer engagement does not always translate to " "people actively contributing to SparkFun’s projects. The company has a " "public repository of software code for each of its devices online. On a " "particularly active project, there will only be about two dozen people " "contributing significant improvements. The vast majority of projects are " -"relatively untouched by the public. “There is a theory that if you open-" -"source it, they will come,” Nathan said. “That’s not really true.”" +"relatively untouched by the public. <quote>There is a theory that if you " +"open-source it, they will come,</quote> Nathan said. <quote>That’s not " +"really true.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8686 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8716 msgid "" "Rather than focusing on cocreation with their customers, SparkFun instead " "focuses on enabling people to copy, tinker, and improve products on their " "own. They heavily invest in tutorials and other material designed to help " "people understand how the products work so they can fix and improve things " -"independently. “What gives me joy is when people take open-source layouts " -"and then build their own circuit boards from our designs,” Nathan said." +"independently. <quote>What gives me joy is when people take open-source " +"layouts and then build their own circuit boards from our designs,</quote> " +"Nathan said." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8695 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8726 msgid "" "Obviously, opening up the design of their products is a necessary step if " "their goal is to empower the public. Nathan also firmly believes it makes " @@ -11167,12 +11246,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8709 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8740 msgid "TeachAIDS" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8712 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8743 msgid "" "TeachAIDS is a nonprofit that creates educational materials designed to " "teach people around the world about HIV and AIDS. Founded in 2005 in the U." @@ -11180,29 +11259,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8717 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8748 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://teachaids.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8719 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8750 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: sponsorships" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8721 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8752 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: March 24, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8724 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8755 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: Piya Sorcar, the CEO, and " "Shuman Ghosemajumder, the chair" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8732 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8763 msgid "" "TeachAIDS is an unconventional media company with a conventional revenue " "model. Like most media companies, they are subsidized by advertising. " @@ -11211,7 +11290,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8738 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8769 msgid "" "But unlike most media companies, Teach-AIDS is a nonprofit organization with " "a purely social mission. TeachAIDS is dedicated to educating the global " @@ -11226,7 +11305,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8751 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8782 msgid "" "TeachAIDS is a labor of love for founder and CEO Piya Sorcar, who earns a " "salary of one dollar per year from the nonprofit. The project grew out of " @@ -11247,21 +11326,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8771 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8802 msgid "" "In late 2005, Piya and her team used research-based design to create new " "educational materials and worked with local partners in India to help " "distribute them. As soon as the animated software was posted online, Piya’s " "team started receiving requests from individuals and governments who were " -"interested in bringing this model to more countries. “We realized fairly " -"quickly that educating large populations about a topic that was considered " -"taboo would be challenging. We began by identifying optimal local partners " -"and worked toward creating an effective, culturally appropriate education,” " -"Piya said." +"interested in bringing this model to more countries. <quote>We realized " +"fairly quickly that educating large populations about a topic that was " +"considered taboo would be challenging. We began by identifying optimal local " +"partners and worked toward creating an effective, culturally appropriate " +"education,</quote> Piya said." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8783 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8814 msgid "" "Very shortly after the initial release, Piya’s team decided to spin the " "endeavor into an independent nonprofit out of Stanford University. They also " @@ -11269,34 +11348,35 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8789 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8820 msgid "" "Given their educational mission, TeachAIDS had an obvious interest in seeing " "the materials as widely shared as possible. But they also needed to preserve " "the integrity of the medical information in the content. They chose the " "Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs license (CC BY-NC-ND), which essentially " "gives the public the right to distribute only verbatim copies of the " -"content, and for noncommercial purposes. “We wanted attribution for " -"TeachAIDS, and we couldn’t stand by derivatives without vetting them,” the " -"cofounder and chair Shuman Ghosemajumder said. “It was almost a no-brainer " -"to go with a CC license because it was a plug-and-play solution to this " -"exact problem. It has allowed us to scale our materials safely and quickly " -"worldwide while preserving our content and protecting us at the same time.”" +"content, and for noncommercial purposes. <quote>We wanted attribution for " +"TeachAIDS, and we couldn’t stand by derivatives without vetting them,</" +"quote> the cofounder and chair Shuman Ghosemajumder said. <quote>It was " +"almost a no-brainer to go with a CC license because it was a plug-and-play " +"solution to this exact problem. It has allowed us to scale our materials " +"safely and quickly worldwide while preserving our content and protecting us " +"at the same time.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8804 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8836 msgid "" "Choosing a license that does not allow adaptation of the content was an " "outgrowth of the careful precision with which TeachAIDS crafts their " "content. The organization invests heavily in research and testing to " -"determine the best method of conveying the information. “Creating high-" -"quality content is what matters most to us,” Piya said. “Research drives " -"everything we do.”" +"determine the best method of conveying the information. <quote>Creating high-" +"quality content is what matters most to us,</quote> Piya said. " +"<quote>Research drives everything we do.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8812 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8845 msgid "" "One important finding was that people accept the message best when it comes " "from familiar voices they trust and admire. To achieve this, TeachAIDS " @@ -11307,7 +11387,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8821 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8854 msgid "" "Localization is probably the single-most important aspect of the way " "TeachAIDS creates its content. While each regional version builds from the " @@ -11323,7 +11403,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8836 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8869 msgid "" "The localization process relies heavily on volunteers. Their volunteer base " "is deeply committed to the cause, and the organization has had better luck " @@ -11340,7 +11420,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8852 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8885 msgid "" "TeachAIDS employs full-time employees, contractors, and volunteers, all in " "different capacities and organizational configurations. They are careful to " @@ -11353,29 +11433,29 @@ msgid "" "but highly controlled, creative process is undertaken entirely by people who " "are specifically brought on to help with a particular project, rather than " "ongoing staff. The final product they create is designed to require zero " -"training for people to implement in practice. “In our research, we found we " -"can’t depend on people passing on the information correctly, even if they " -"have the best of intentions,” Piya said. “We need materials where you can " -"push play and they will work.”" +"training for people to implement in practice. <quote>In our research, we " +"found we can’t depend on people passing on the information correctly, even " +"if they have the best of intentions,</quote> Piya said. <quote>We need " +"materials where you can push play and they will work.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8871 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8905 msgid "" "Piya’s team was able to produce all of these versions over several years " "with a head count that never exceeded eight full-time employees. The " "organization is able to reduce costs by relying heavily on volunteers and in-" "kind donations. Nevertheless, the nonprofit needed a sustainable revenue " "model to subsidize content creation and physical distribution of the " -"materials. Charging even a low price was simply not an option. “Educators " -"from various nonprofits around the world were just creating their own " -"materials using whatever they could find for free online,” Shuman said. “The " -"only way to persuade them to use our highly effective model was to make it " -"completely free.”" +"materials. Charging even a low price was simply not an option. " +"<quote>Educators from various nonprofits around the world were just creating " +"their own materials using whatever they could find for free online,</quote> " +"Shuman said. <quote>The only way to persuade them to use our highly " +"effective model was to make it completely free.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8884 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8918 msgid "" "Like many content creators offering their work for free, they settled on " "advertising as a funding model. But they were extremely careful not to let " @@ -11388,61 +11468,61 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8895 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8929 msgid "" "TeachAIDS is careful not to seek funding to cover the costs of a specific " "project. Instead, sponsorships are structured as unrestricted donations to " "the nonprofit. This gives the nonprofit more stability, but even more " "importantly, it enables them to subsidize projects being localized for an " -"area with no sponsors. “If we just created versions based on where we could " -"get sponsorships, we would only have materials for wealthier countries,” " -"Shuman said." +"area with no sponsors. <quote>If we just created versions based on where we " +"could get sponsorships, we would only have materials for wealthier countries," +"</quote> Shuman said." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8905 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8939 msgid "" -"As of 2016, TeachAIDS has dozens of sponsors. “When we go into a new " -"country, various companies hear about us and reach out to us,” Piya said. " -"“We don’t have to do much to find or attract them.” They believe the " -"sponsorships are easy to sell because they offer so much value to sponsors. " -"TeachAIDS sponsorships give corporations the chance to reach new eyeballs " -"with their brand, but at a much lower cost than other advertising channels. " -"The audience for TeachAIDS content also tends to skew young, which is often " -"a desirable demographic for brands. Unlike traditional advertising, the " -"content is not time-sensitive, so an investment in a sponsorship can benefit " -"a brand for many years to come." +"As of 2016, TeachAIDS has dozens of sponsors. <quote>When we go into a new " +"country, various companies hear about us and reach out to us,</quote> Piya " +"said. <quote>We don’t have to do much to find or attract them.</quote> They " +"believe the sponsorships are easy to sell because they offer so much value " +"to sponsors. TeachAIDS sponsorships give corporations the chance to reach " +"new eyeballs with their brand, but at a much lower cost than other " +"advertising channels. The audience for TeachAIDS content also tends to skew " +"young, which is often a desirable demographic for brands. Unlike traditional " +"advertising, the content is not time-sensitive, so an investment in a " +"sponsorship can benefit a brand for many years to come." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8918 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8953 msgid "" "Importantly, the value to corporate sponsors goes beyond commercial " "considerations. As a nonprofit with a clearly articulated social mission, " -"corporate sponsorships are donations to a cause. “This is something " -"companies can be proud of internally,” Shuman said. Some companies have even " -"built publicity campaigns around the fact that they have sponsored these " -"initiatives." +"corporate sponsorships are donations to a cause. <quote>This is something " +"companies can be proud of internally,</quote> Shuman said. Some companies " +"have even built publicity campaigns around the fact that they have sponsored " +"these initiatives." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8927 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8962 msgid "" "The core mission of TeachAIDS—ensuring global access to life-saving education" "—is at the root of everything the organization does. It underpins the work; " "it motivates the funders. The CC license on the materials they create " "furthers that mission, allowing them to safely and quickly scale their " -"materials worldwide. “The Creative Commons license has been a game changer " -"for TeachAIDS,” Piya said." +"materials worldwide. <quote>The Creative Commons license has been a game " +"changer for TeachAIDS,</quote> Piya said." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8937 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8972 msgid "Tribe of Noise" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8940 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8975 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise is a for-profit online music platform serving the film, TV, " "video, gaming, and in-store-media industries. Founded in 2008 in the " @@ -11450,24 +11530,24 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8945 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8980 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.tribeofnoise.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8950 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8985 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: January 26, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8953 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8988 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Hessel van Oorschot, " "cofounder" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8961 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8996 msgid "" "In the early 2000s, Hessel van Oorschot was an entrepreneur running a " "business where he coached other midsize entrepreneurs how to create an " @@ -11478,7 +11558,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8970 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9005 msgid "" "In 2005, Hessel and Sandra Brandenburg launched a niche video-production " "initiative. Almost immediately, they ran into issues around finding and " @@ -11490,19 +11570,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8980 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9015 msgid "" "They hired two lawyers to investigate further, and while they uncovered five " "or six examples, Hessel found the business models lacking. The lawyers " "expressed interest in being their legal team should they decide to pursue " -"this as an entrepreneurial opportunity. Hessel says, “When lawyers are " -"interested in a venture like this, you might have something special.” So " -"after some more research, in early 2008, Hessel and Sandra decided to build " -"a platform." +"this as an entrepreneurial opportunity. Hessel says, <quote>When lawyers are " +"interested in a venture like this, you might have something special.</quote> " +"So after some more research, in early 2008, Hessel and Sandra decided to " +"build a platform." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8990 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9025 msgid "" "Building a platform posed a real chicken-and-egg problem. The platform had " "to build an online community of music-rights holders and, at the same time, " @@ -11512,7 +11592,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8997 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9032 msgid "" "In July 2008, Tribe of Noise opened its virtual doors with a couple hundred " "musicians willing to use the CC BY-SA license (Attribution-ShareAlike) for a " @@ -11522,12 +11602,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9012 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9047 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.instoremusicservice.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9005 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9040 msgid "" "As they were growing the community, Hessel got a phone call from a company " "that made in-store music playlists asking if they had enough music licensed " @@ -11540,7 +11620,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9015 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9050 msgid "" "In most countries, artists, authors, and musicians join a collecting society " "that manages the licensing and helps collect the royalties. Copyright " @@ -11556,12 +11636,12 @@ msgid "" "hesitant and said no, but Tribe of Noise persisted arguing that they " "primarily work with unknown artists and provide them exposure in parts of " "the world where they don’t get airtime normally and a source of revenue—and " -"this convinced them that it was OK. However, Hessel says, “We are still " -"fighting for a good cause every single day.”" +"this convinced them that it was OK. However, Hessel says, <quote>We are " +"still fighting for a good cause every single day.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9036 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9071 msgid "" "Instead of building a large sales force, Tribe of Noise partnered with big " "organizations who have lots of clients and can act as a kind of Tribe of " @@ -11569,14 +11649,14 @@ msgid "" "sells Tribe’s In-store Music Service subscriptions to their business " "clients, which include fashion retailers and fitness centers. They have a " "similar deal with the leading trade association representing hotels and " -"restaurants in the country. Hessel hopes to “copy and paste” this service " -"into other countries where collecting societies understand what you can do " -"with Creative Commons. Outside of the Netherlands, early adoptions have " -"happened in Scandinavia, Belgium, and the U.S." +"restaurants in the country. Hessel hopes to <quote>copy and paste</quote> " +"this service into other countries where collecting societies understand what " +"you can do with Creative Commons. Outside of the Netherlands, early " +"adoptions have happened in Scandinavia, Belgium, and the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9049 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9085 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise doesn’t pay the musicians up front; they get paid when their " "music ends up in Tribe of Noise’s in-store music channels. The musicians’ " @@ -11586,12 +11666,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9065 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9101 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.tribeofnoise.com/info_instoremusic.php\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9057 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9093 msgid "" "A few of your songs [licensed with CC BY-SA], for example five in total, are " "selected for a bespoke in-store music channel broadcasting at a large " @@ -11604,7 +11684,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9068 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9104 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise has another model that does not involve Creative Commons. In " "a survey with members, most said they liked the exposure using Creative " @@ -11616,20 +11696,20 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9079 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9115 msgid "" "Hessel’s legal team took this feedback and created a second model and " "separate area of the platform called Tribe of Noise Pro. Songs uploaded to " "Tribe of Noise Pro aren’t Creative Commons licensed; Tribe of Noise has " -"instead created a “nonexclusive exploitation” contract, similar to a " -"Creative Commons license but allowing musicians to opt out whenever they " -"want. When you opt out, Tribe of Noise agrees to take your music off the " -"Tribe of Noise platform within one to two months. This lets the musician " +"instead created a <quote>nonexclusive exploitation</quote> contract, similar " +"to a Creative Commons license but allowing musicians to opt out whenever " +"they want. When you opt out, Tribe of Noise agrees to take your music off " +"the Tribe of Noise platform within one to two months. This lets the musician " "reuse their song for a better deal." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9090 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9126 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise Pro is primarily geared toward media makers who are looking " "for music. If they buy a license from this catalog, they don’t have to state " @@ -11639,7 +11719,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9098 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9134 msgid "" "Lots of Tribe of Noise musicians upload songs to both Tribe of Noise Pro and " "the community area of Tribe of Noises. There aren’t that many artists who " @@ -11648,7 +11728,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9104 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9140 msgid "" "Hessel sees the two as complementary. Both are needed for the model to work. " "With a whole generation of musicians interested in the sharing economy, the " @@ -11658,7 +11738,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9112 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9148 msgid "" "Every musician who joins Tribe of Noise gets their own home page and free " "unlimited Web space to upload as much of their own music as they like. Tribe " @@ -11671,7 +11751,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9123 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9159 msgid "" "Another way Tribe of Noise creates community and interest is with contests, " "which are organized in partnership with Tribe of Noise clients. The client " @@ -11682,7 +11762,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9133 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9169 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise now has twenty-seven thousand members from 192 countries, and " "many are exploring do-it-yourself models for generating revenue. Some came " @@ -11696,7 +11776,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9145 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9181 msgid "" "It’s not uncommon for performance-rights organizations, record labels, or " "music publishers to sign contracts with musicians based on exclusivity. Such " @@ -11714,7 +11794,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9162 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9198 msgid "" "For Hessel the key to Tribe of Noise’s success is trust. The fact that " "Creative Commons licenses work the same way all over the world and have been " @@ -11727,46 +11807,46 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9174 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9210 msgid "Wikimedia Foundation" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9177 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9213 msgid "" "The Wikimedia Foundation is the nonprofit organization that hosts Wikipedia " "and its sister projects. Founded in 2003 in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9182 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9218 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://wikimediafoundation.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9184 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9220 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: donations" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9186 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9222 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: December 18, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9189 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9225 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: Luis Villa, former Chief " "Officer of Community Engagement, and Stephen LaPorte, legal counsel" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9198 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9234 msgid "Nearly every person with an online presence knows Wikipedia." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9201 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9237 msgid "" "In many ways, it is the preeminent open project: The online encyclopedia is " "created entirely by volunteers. Anyone in the world can edit the articles. " @@ -11776,7 +11856,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9209 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9245 msgid "" "As of December 2016, there were more than forty-two million articles in the " "295 language editions of the online encyclopedia, according to—what else?—" @@ -11784,7 +11864,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9214 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9250 msgid "" "The Wikimedia Foundation is a U.S.-based nonprofit organization that owns " "the Wikipedia domain name and hosts the site, along with many other related " @@ -11800,16 +11880,16 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9228 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9264 msgid "" -"As Wikimedia legal counsel Stephen LaPorte told us, “There is a common " -"saying that Wikipedia works in practice but not in theory.” While it " +"As Wikimedia legal counsel Stephen LaPorte told us, <quote>There is a common " +"saying that Wikipedia works in practice but not in theory.</quote> While it " "undoubtedly has its challenges and flaws, Wikipedia and its sister projects " "are a striking testament to the power of human collaboration." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9235 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9271 msgid "" "Because of its extraordinary breadth and scope, it does feel a bit like a " "unicorn. Indeed, there is nothing else like Wikipedia. Still, much of what " @@ -11820,7 +11900,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9244 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9280 msgid "" "The story of Wikipedia has been told many times. For our purposes, it is " "enough to know the experiment started in 2001 at a small scale, inspired by " @@ -11834,46 +11914,47 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9256 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9292 msgid "" "The nature of the content the community creates is ideal for asynchronous " -"cocreation. “An encyclopedia is something where incremental community " -"improvement really works,” Luis Villa, former Chief Officer of Community " -"Engagement, told us. The rules and processes that govern cocreation on " -"Wikipedia and its sister projects are all community-driven and vary by " -"language edition. There are entire books written on the intricacies of " -"their systems, but generally speaking, there are very few exceptions to the " -"rule that anyone can edit any article, even without an account on their " +"cocreation. <quote>An encyclopedia is something where incremental community " +"improvement really works,</quote> Luis Villa, former Chief Officer of " +"Community Engagement, told us. The rules and processes that govern " +"cocreation on Wikipedia and its sister projects are all community-driven and " +"vary by language edition. There are entire books written on the intricacies " +"of their systems, but generally speaking, there are very few exceptions to " +"the rule that anyone can edit any article, even without an account on their " "system. The extensive peer-review process includes elaborate systems to " "resolve disputes, methods for managing particularly controversial subject " "areas, talk pages explaining decisions, and much, much more. The Wikimedia " "Foundation’s decision to leave governance of the projects to the community " -"is very deliberate. “We look at the things that the community can do well, " -"and we want to let them do those things,” Stephen told us. Instead, the " -"foundation focuses its time and resources on what the community cannot do as " -"effectively, like the software engineering that supports the technical " -"infrastructure of the sites. In 2015-16, about half of the foundation’s " -"budget went to direct support for the Wikimedia sites." +"is very deliberate. <quote>We look at the things that the community can do " +"well, and we want to let them do those things,</quote> Stephen told us. " +"Instead, the foundation focuses its time and resources on what the community " +"cannot do as effectively, like the software engineering that supports the " +"technical infrastructure of the sites. In 2015-16, about half of the " +"foundation’s budget went to direct support for the Wikimedia sites." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9279 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9316 msgid "" "Some of that is directed at servers and general IT support, but the " "foundation also invests a significant amount on architecture designed to " -"help the site function as effectively as possible. “There is a constantly " -"evolving system to keep the balance in place to avoid Wikipedia becoming the " -"world’s biggest graffiti wall,” Luis said. Depending on how you measure it, " -"somewhere between 90 to 98 percent of edits to Wikipedia are positive. Some " -"portion of that success is attributable to the tools Wikimedia has in place " -"to try to incentivize good actors. “The secret to having any healthy " -"community is bringing back the right people,” Luis said. “Vandals tend to " -"get bored and go away. That is partially our model working, and partially " -"just human nature.” Most of the time, people want to do the right thing." +"help the site function as effectively as possible. <quote>There is a " +"constantly evolving system to keep the balance in place to avoid Wikipedia " +"becoming the world’s biggest graffiti wall,</quote> Luis said. Depending on " +"how you measure it, somewhere between 90 to 98 percent of edits to Wikipedia " +"are positive. Some portion of that success is attributable to the tools " +"Wikimedia has in place to try to incentivize good actors. <quote>The secret " +"to having any healthy community is bringing back the right people,</quote> " +"Luis said. <quote>Vandals tend to get bored and go away. That is partially " +"our model working, and partially just human nature.</quote> Most of the " +"time, people want to do the right thing." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9294 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9332 msgid "" "Wikipedia not only relies on good behavior within its community and on its " "sites, but also by everyone else once the content leaves Wikipedia. All of " @@ -11881,20 +11962,20 @@ msgid "" "(CC BY-SA), which means it can be used for any purpose and modified so long " "as credit is given and anything new is shared back with the public under the " "same license. In theory, that means anyone can copy the content and start a " -"new Wikipedia. But as Stephen explained, “Being open has only made Wikipedia " -"bigger and stronger. The desire to protect is not always what is best for " -"everyone.”" +"new Wikipedia. But as Stephen explained, <quote>Being open has only made " +"Wikipedia bigger and stronger. The desire to protect is not always what is " +"best for everyone.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9318 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9356 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://gimletmedia.com/episode/14-the-art-of-making-and-fixing-" "mistakes/\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9306 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9344 msgid "" "Of course, the primary reason no one has successfully co-opted Wikipedia is " "that copycat efforts do not have the Wikipedia community to sustain what " @@ -11903,18 +11984,18 @@ msgid "" "in a million different ways, in a million different capacities, for a " "million different reasons. While many have tried to guess what makes " "Wikipedia work as well it does, the fact is there is no single explanation. " -"“In a movement as large as ours, there is an incredible diversity of " -"motivations,” Stephen said. For example, there is one editor of the English " -"Wikipedia edition who has corrected a single grammatical error in articles " -"more than forty-eight thousand times.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/" -"> Only a fraction of Wikipedia users are also editors. But editing is not " -"the only way to contribute to Wikipedia. “Some donate text, some donate " -"images, some donate financially,” Stephen told us. “They are all " -"contributors.”" +"<quote>In a movement as large as ours, there is an incredible diversity of " +"motivations,</quote> Stephen said. For example, there is one editor of the " +"English Wikipedia edition who has corrected a single grammatical error in " +"articles more than forty-eight thousand times.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " +"id=\"0\"/> Only a fraction of Wikipedia users are also editors. But editing " +"is not the only way to contribute to Wikipedia. <quote>Some donate text, " +"some donate images, some donate financially,</quote> Stephen told us. " +"<quote>They are all contributors.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9324 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9363 msgid "" "But the vast majority of us who use Wikipedia are not contributors; we are " "passive readers. The Wikimedia Foundation survives primarily on individual " @@ -11926,7 +12007,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9334 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9373 msgid "" "The foundation has a fund-raising team that works year-round to raise money, " "but the bulk of their revenue comes in during the December campaign in " @@ -11938,7 +12019,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9345 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9384 msgid "" "The vision of the Wikimedia Foundation is a world in which every single " "human being can freely share in the sum of all knowledge. They work to " @@ -11950,7 +12031,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9354 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9393 msgid "" "The philosophy behind the endeavor also enables the foundation to be " "financially sustainable. It instills trust in their readership, which is " @@ -11959,30 +12040,31 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9360 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9399 msgid "" "Any given edit on Wikipedia could be motivated by nearly an infinite number " "of reasons. But the social mission of the project is what binds the global " -"community together. “Wikipedia is an example of how a mission can motivate " -"an entire movement,” Stephen told us." +"community together. <quote>Wikipedia is an example of how a mission can " +"motivate an entire movement,</quote> Stephen told us." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9367 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9406 msgid "" "Of course, what results from that movement is one of the Internet’s great " -"public resources. “The Internet has a lot of businesses and stores, but it " -"is missing the digital equivalent of parks and open public spaces,” Stephen " -"said. “Wikipedia has found a way to be that open public space.”" +"public resources. <quote>The Internet has a lot of businesses and stores, " +"but it is missing the digital equivalent of parks and open public spaces,</" +"quote> Stephen said. <quote>Wikipedia has found a way to be that open " +"public space.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9376 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9416 msgid "Bibliography" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9378 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9418 msgid "" "Alperovitz, Gar. What Then Must We Do? Straight Talk about the Next American " "Revolution; Democratizing Wealth and Building a Community-Sustaining Economy " @@ -11990,33 +12072,33 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9384 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9424 msgid "" "Anderson, Chris. Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by Giving " "Something for Nothing, reprint with new preface. New York: Hyperion, 2010." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9389 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9429 msgid "———. Makers: The New Industrial Revolution. New York: Signal, 2012." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9392 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9432 msgid "" "Ariely, Dan. Predictably Irrational: The Hidden Forces That Shape Our " -"Decisions. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Perennial, 2010." +"Decisions. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Perennial, 2010." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9396 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9436 msgid "" "Bacon, Jono. The Art of Community. 2nd ed. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, " "2012." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9400 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9440 msgid "" "Benkler, Yochai. The Wealth of Networks: How Social Production Transforms " "Markets and Freedom. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2006. <ulink url=" @@ -12025,7 +12107,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9407 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9447 msgid "" "Benyayer, Louis-David, ed. Open Models: Business Models of the Open Economy. " "Cachan, France: Without Model, 2016. <ulink url=\"http://www.slideshare.net/" @@ -12033,7 +12115,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9413 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9453 msgid "" "Bollier, David. Commoning as a Transformative Social Paradigm. Paper " "commissioned by the Next Systems Project. Washington, DC: Democracy " @@ -12042,14 +12124,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9419 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9459 msgid "" "———. Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of the Commons. " "Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9423 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9463 msgid "" "Bollier, David, and Pat Conaty. Democratic Money and Capital for the " "Commons: Strategies for Transforming Neoliberal Finance through Commons-" @@ -12061,56 +12143,56 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9433 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9473 msgid "" "Bollier, David, and Silke Helfrich, eds. The Wealth of the Commons: A World " "Beyond Market and State. Amherst, MA: Levellers Press, 2012." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9437 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9477 msgid "" "Botsman, Rachel, and Roo Rogers. What’s Mine Is Yours: The Rise of " "Collaborative Consumption. New York: Harper Business, 2010." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9441 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9481 msgid "" "Boyle, James. The Public Domain: Enclosing the Commons of the Mind. New " "Haven: Yale University Press, 2008." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9444 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9484 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.thepublicdomain.org/download/\"/> (licensed under CC " "BY-NC-SA)." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9448 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9488 msgid "" "Capra, Fritjof, and Ugo Mattei. The Ecology of Law: Toward a Legal System in " "Tune with Nature and Community. Oakland, CA: Berrett-Koehler, 2015." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9453 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9493 msgid "" "Chesbrough, Henry. Open Business Models: How to Thrive in the New Innovation " "Landscape. Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 2006." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9457 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9497 msgid "" "———. Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and Profiting from " "Technology. Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2006." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9461 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9501 msgid "" "City of Bologna. Regulation on Collaboration between Citizens and the City " "for the Care and Regeneration of Urban Commons. Translated by LabGov " @@ -12121,37 +12203,38 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9468 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9508 msgid "" -"Cole, Daniel H. “Learning from Lin: Lessons and Cautions from the Natural " -"Commons for the Knowledge Commons.” Chap. 2 in Frischmann, Madison, and " -"Strandburg, Governing Knowledge Commons." +"Cole, Daniel H. <quote>Learning from Lin: Lessons and Cautions from the " +"Natural Commons for the Knowledge Commons.</quote> Chap. 2 in Frischmann, " +"Madison, and Strandburg, Governing Knowledge Commons." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9473 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9513 msgid "" "Creative Commons. 2015 State of the Commons. Mountain View, CA: Creative " "Commons, 2015. <ulink url=\"http://stateof.creativecommons.org/2015/\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9478 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9518 msgid "" "Doctorow, Cory. Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: Laws for the Internet " "Age. San Francisco: McSweeney’s, 2014." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9482 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9522 msgid "" -"Eckhardt, Giana, and Fleura Bardhi. “The Sharing Economy Isn’t about Sharing " -"at All.” Harvard Business Review, January 28, 2015. <ulink url=\"http://hbr." -"org/2015/01/the-sharing-economy-isnt-about-sharing-at-all\"/>." +"Eckhardt, Giana, and Fleura Bardhi. <quote>The Sharing Economy Isn’t about " +"Sharing at All.</quote> Harvard Business Review, January 28, 2015. <ulink " +"url=\"http://hbr.org/2015/01/the-sharing-economy-isnt-about-sharing-at-all\"/" +">." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9487 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9528 msgid "" "Elliott, Patricia W., and Daryl H. Hepting, eds. (2015). Free Knowledge: " "Confronting the Commodification of Human Discovery. Regina, SK: University " @@ -12160,164 +12243,166 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9494 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9535 msgid "" "Eyal, Nir. Hooked: How to Build Habit-Forming Products. With Ryan Hoover. " "New York: Portfolio, 2014." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9498 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9539 msgid "" -"Farley, Joshua, and Ida Kubiszewski. “The Economics of Information in a Post-" -"Carbon Economy.” Chap. 11 in Elliott and Hepting, Free Knowledge." +"Farley, Joshua, and Ida Kubiszewski. <quote>The Economics of Information in " +"a Post-Carbon Economy.</quote> Chap. 11 in Elliott and Hepting, Free " +"Knowledge." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9503 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9544 msgid "" -"Foster, William Landes, Peter Kim, and Barbara Christiansen. “Ten Nonprofit " -"Funding Models.” Stanford Social Innovation Review, Spring 2009. <ulink url=" -"\"http://ssir.org/articles/entry/ten_nonprofit_funding_models\"/>." +"Foster, William Landes, Peter Kim, and Barbara Christiansen. <quote>Ten " +"Nonprofit Funding Models.</quote> Stanford Social Innovation Review, Spring " +"2009. <ulink url=\"http://ssir.org/articles/entry/" +"ten_nonprofit_funding_models\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9509 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9550 msgid "" "Frischmann, Brett M. Infrastructure: The Social Value of Shared Resources. " "New York: Oxford University Press, 2012." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9513 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9554 msgid "" "Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg, eds. " "Governing Knowledge Commons. New York: Oxford University Press, 2014." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9518 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9559 msgid "" "Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg. " -"“Governing Knowledge Commons.” Chap. 1 in Frischmann, Madison, and " -"Strandburg, Governing Knowledge Commons." +"<quote>Governing Knowledge Commons.</quote> Chap. 1 in Frischmann, Madison, " +"and Strandburg, Governing Knowledge Commons." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9523 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9564 msgid "" "Gansky, Lisa. The Mesh: Why the Future of Business Is Sharing. Reprint with " "new epilogue. New York: Portfolio, 2012." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9527 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9568 msgid "" "Grant, Adam. Give and Take: Why Helping Others Drives Our Success. New " "York: Viking, 2013." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9531 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9572 msgid "" "Haiven, Max. Crises of Imagination, Crises of Power: Capitalism, Creativity " "and the Commons. New York: Zed Books, 2014." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9535 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9576 msgid "" "Harris, Malcom, ed. Share or Die: Voices of the Get Lost Generation in the " "Age of Crisis. With Neal Gorenflo. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2012." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9540 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9581 msgid "" "Hermida, Alfred. Tell Everyone: Why We Share and Why It Matters. Toronto: " "Doubleday Canada, 2014." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9544 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9585 msgid "" "Hyde, Lewis. Common as Air: Revolution, Art, and Ownership. New York: " "Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2010." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9548 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9589 msgid "" "———. The Gift: Creativity and the Artist in the Modern World. 2nd Vintage " "Books edition. New York: Vintage Books, 2007." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9552 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9593 msgid "" "Kelley, Tom, and David Kelley. Creative Confidence: Unleashing the Potential " "within Us All. New York: Crown, 2013." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9556 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9597 msgid "" "Kelly, Marjorie. Owning Our Future: The Emerging Ownership Revolution; " "Journeys to a Generative Economy. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2012." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9561 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9602 msgid "" "Kleon, Austin. Show Your Work: 10 Ways to Share Your Creativity and Get " "Discovered. New York: Workman, 2014." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9565 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9606 msgid "" "———. Steal Like an Artist: 10 Things Nobody Told You about Being Creative. " "New York: Workman, 2012." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9569 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9610 msgid "" "Kramer, Bryan. Shareology: How Sharing Is Powering the Human Economy. New " "York: Morgan James, 2016." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9573 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9614 msgid "" -"Lee, David. “Inside Medium: An Attempt to Bring Civility to the Internet.” " -"BBC News, March 3, 2016. <ulink url=\"http://www.bbc.com/news/" -"technology-35709680\"/>" +"Lee, David. <quote>Inside Medium: An Attempt to Bring Civility to the " +"Internet.</quote> BBC News, March 3, 2016. <ulink url=\"http://www.bbc.com/" +"news/technology-35709680\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9578 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9619 msgid "" "Lessig, Lawrence. Remix: Making Art and Commerce Thrive in the Hybrid " "Economy. New York: Penguin Press, 2008." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9582 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9623 msgid "" "Menzies, Heather. Reclaiming the Commons for the Common Good: A Memoir and " "Manifesto. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9586 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9627 msgid "" "Mason, Paul. Postcapitalism: A Guide to Our Future. New York: Farrar, Straus " "and Giroux, 2015." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9590 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9631 msgid "" "New York Times Customer Insight Group. The Psychology of Sharing: Why Do " "People Share Online? New York: New York Times Customer Insight Group, 2011. " @@ -12325,7 +12410,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9596 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9637 msgid "" "Osterwalder, Alex, and Yves Pigneur. Business Model Generation. Hoboken, " "NJ: John Wiley and Sons, 2010. A preview of the book is available at <ulink " @@ -12333,7 +12418,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9602 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9643 msgid "" "Osterwalder, Alex, Yves Pigneur, Greg Bernarda, and Adam Smith. Value " "Proposition Design. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons, 2014. A preview of the " @@ -12342,14 +12427,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9608 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9649 msgid "" "Palmer, Amanda. The Art of Asking: Or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Let " "People Help. New York: Grand Central, 2014." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9612 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9653 msgid "" "Pekel, Joris. Democratising the Rijksmuseum: Why Did the Rijksmuseum Make " "Available Their Highest Quality Material without Restrictions, and What Are " @@ -12359,7 +12444,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9620 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9661 msgid "" "Ramos, José Maria, ed. The City as Commons: A Policy Reader. Melbourne, " "Australia: Commons Transition Coalition, 2016. <ulink url=\"http://www." @@ -12368,16 +12453,16 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9626 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9667 msgid "" "Raymond, Eric S. The Cathedral and the Bazaar: Musings on Linux and Open " -"Source by an Accidental Revolutionary. Rev. ed. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly " -"Media, 2001. See esp. “The Magic Cauldron.” <ulink url=\"http://www.catb.org/" -"esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/\"/>." +"Source by an Accidental Revolutionary. Rev. ed. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly " +"Media, 2001. See esp. <quote>The Magic Cauldron.</quote> <ulink url=\"http://" +"www.catb.org/esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9632 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9673 msgid "" "Ries, Eric. The Lean Startup: How Today’s Entrepreneurs Use Continuous " "Innovation to Create Radically Successful Businesses. New York: Crown " @@ -12385,7 +12470,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9637 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9678 msgid "" "Rifkin, Jeremy. The Zero Marginal Cost Society: The Internet of Things, the " "Collaborative Commons, and the Eclipse of Capitalism. New York: Palgrave " @@ -12393,74 +12478,74 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9642 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9683 msgid "" "Rowe, Jonathan. Our Common Wealth. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9646 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9687 msgid "" "Rushkoff, Douglas. Throwing Rocks at the Google Bus: How Growth Became the " "Enemy of Prosperity. New York: Portfolio, 2016." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9650 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9691 msgid "" "Sandel, Michael J. What Money Can’t Buy: The Moral Limits of Markets. New " "York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2012." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9654 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9695 msgid "" "Shirky, Clay. Cognitive Surplus: How Technology Makes Consumers into " "Collaborators. London, England: Penguin Books, 2010." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9658 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9699 msgid "" "Slee, Tom. What’s Yours Is Mine: Against the Sharing Economy. New York: OR " "Books, 2015." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9662 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9703 msgid "" "Stephany, Alex. The Business of Sharing: Making in the New Sharing Economy. " "New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9666 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9707 msgid "" "Stepper, John. Working Out Loud: For a Better Career and Life. New York: " "Ikigai Press, 2015." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9670 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9711 msgid "" "Sull, Donald, and Kathleen M. Eisenhardt. Simple Rules: How to Thrive in a " "Complex World. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2015." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9674 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9715 msgid "" "Sundararajan, Arun. The Sharing Economy: The End of Employment and the Rise " "of Crowd-Based Capitalism. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2016." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9678 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9719 msgid "Surowiecki, James. The Wisdom of Crowds. New York: Anchor Books, 2005." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9682 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9723 msgid "" "Tapscott, Don, and Alex Tapscott. Blockchain Revolution: How the Technology " "Behind Bitcoin Is Changing Money, Business, and the World. Toronto: " @@ -12468,21 +12553,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9687 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9728 msgid "" "Tharp, Twyla. The Creative Habit: Learn It and Use It for Life. With Mark " "Reiter. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2006." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9691 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9732 msgid "" "Tkacz, Nathaniel. Wikipedia and the Politics of Openness. Chicago: " "University of Chicago Press, 2015." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9695 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9736 msgid "" "Van Abel, Bass, Lucas Evers, Roel Klaassen, and Peter Troxler, eds. Open " "Design Now: Why Design Cannot Remain Exclusive. Amsterdam: BIS Publishers, " @@ -12492,7 +12577,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9703 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9744 msgid "" "Van den Hoff, Ronald. Mastering the Global Transition on Our Way to Society " "3.0. Utrecht, the Netherlands: Society 3.0 Foundation, 2014. <ulink url=" @@ -12500,7 +12585,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9709 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9750 msgid "" "Von Hippel, Eric. Democratizing Innovation. London: MIT Press, 2005. <ulink " "url=\"http://web.mit.edu/evhippel/www/democ1.htm\"/> (licensed under CC BY-" @@ -12508,19 +12593,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9714 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9755 msgid "" "Whitehurst, Jim. The Open Organization: Igniting Passion and Performance. " "Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2015." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9719 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9760 msgid "Acknowledgments" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9721 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9762 msgid "" "We extend special thanks to Creative Commons CEO Ryan Merkley, the Creative " "Commons Board, and all of our Creative Commons colleagues for " @@ -12530,7 +12615,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9728 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9769 msgid "" "Huge appreciation to all the Made with Creative Commons interviewees for " "sharing their stories with us. You make the commons come alive. Thanks for " @@ -12538,7 +12623,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9733 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9774 msgid "" "We interviewed more than the twenty-four organizations profiled in this " "book. We extend special thanks to Gooru, OERu, Sage Bionetworks, and Medium " @@ -12548,7 +12633,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9741 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9782 msgid "" "This book was made possible by the generous support of 1,687 Kickstarter " "backers listed below. We especially acknowledge our many Kickstarter co-" @@ -12557,7 +12642,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9747 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9788 msgid "" "Co-editor Kickstarter backers (alphabetically by first name): Abraham " "Taherivand, Alan Graham, Alfredo Louro, Anatoly Volynets, Aurora Thornton, " @@ -12606,7 +12691,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9798 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9839 msgid "" "All other Kickstarter backers (alphabetically by first name): A. Lee, Aaron " "C. Rathbun, Aaron Stubbs, Aaron Suggs, Abdul Razak Manaf, Abraham " @@ -12698,7 +12783,7 @@ msgid "" "Kiefer, Dirk Loop, DJ Fusion - FuseBox Radio Broadcast, Dom jurkewitz, Dom " "Lane, Domi Enders, Domingo Gallardo, Dominic de Haas, Dominique Karadjian, " "Dongpo Deng, Donnovan Knight, Door de Flines, Doug Fitzpatrick, Doug Hoover, " -"Douglas Craver, Douglas Van Camp, Douglas Van Houweling, Dr. Braddlee, Drew " +"Douglas Craver, Douglas Van Camp, Douglas Van Houweling, Dr. Braddlee, Drew " "Spencer, Duncan Sample, Durand D’souza, Dylan Field, E C Humphries, Eamon " "Caddigan, Earleen Smith, Eden Sarid, Eden Spodek, Eduardo Belinchon, Eduardo " "Castro, Edwin Vandam, Einar Joergensen, Ejnar Brendsdal, Elad Wieder, Elar " @@ -12834,35 +12919,35 @@ msgid "" "Chelen, Mike Habicher, Mike Maloney, Mike Masnick, Mike McDaniel, Mike " "Pouraryan, Mike Sheldon, Mike Stop Continues, Mike Stringer, Mike " "Wittenstein, Mikkel Ovesen, Mikołaj Podlaszewski, Millie Gonzalez, Mindi " -"Lovell, Mindy Lin, Mirko “Macro” Fichtner, Mitch Featherston, Mitchell " -"Adams, Molika Oum, Molly Shaffer Van Houweling, Monica Mora, Morgan Loomis, " -"Moritz Schubert, Mrs. Paganini, Mushin Schilling, Mustafa K Calik, MD, Myk " -"Pilgrim, Myra Harmer, Nadine Forget-Dubois, Nagle Industries, LLC, Nah Wee " -"Yang, Natalie Brown, Natalie Freed, Nathan D Howell, Nathan Massey, Nathan " -"Miller, Neal Gorenflo, Neal McBurnett, Neal Stimler, Neil Wilson, Nele " -"Wollert, Neuchee Chang, Niall McDonagh, Niall Twohig, Nic McPhee, Nicholas " -"Bentley, Nicholas Koran, Nicholas Norfolk, Nicholas Potter, Nick Bell, Nick " -"Coghlan, Nick Isaacs, Nick M. Daly, Nick Vance, Nickolay Vedernikov, Nicky " -"Weaver-Weinberg, Nico Prin, Nicolas Weidinger, Nicole Hickman, Niek " -"Theunissen, Nigel Robertson, Nikki Thompson, Nikko Marie, Nikola Chernev, " -"Nils Lavesson, Noah Blumenson-Cook, Noah Fang, Noah Kardos-Fein, Noah " -"Meyerhans, Noel Hanigan, Noel Hart, Norrie Mailer, O.P. Gobée, Ohad Mayblum, " -"Olivia Wilson, Olivier De Doncker, Olivier Schulbaum, Olle Ahnve, Omar " -"Kaminski, Omar Willey, OpenBuilds, Ove Ødegård, Øystein Kjærnet, Pablo López " -"Soriano, Pablo Vasquez, Pacific Design, Paige Mackay, Papp István Péter, " -"Paris Marx, Parker Higgins, Pasquale Borriello, Pat Allan, Pat Hawks, Pat " -"Ludwig, Pat Sticks, Patricia Brennan, Patricia Rosnel, Patricia Wolf, " -"Patrick Berry, Patrick Beseda, Patrick Hurley, Patrick M. Lozeau, Patrick " -"McCabe, Patrick Nafarrete, Patrick Tanguay, Patrick von Hauff, Patrik " -"Kernstock, Patti J Ryan, Paul A Golder, Paul and Iris Brest, Paul Bailey, " -"Paul Bryan, Paul Bunkham, Paul Elosegui, Paul Hibbitts, Paul Jacobson, Paul " -"Keller, Paul Rowe, Paul Timpson, Paul Walker, Pavel Dostál, Peeter Sällström " -"Randsalu, Peggy Frith, Pen-Yuan Hsing, Penny Pearson, Per Åström, Perry " -"Jetter, Péter Fankhauser, Peter Hirtle, Peter Humphries, Peter Jenkins, " -"Peter Langmar, Peter le Roux, Peter Marinari, Peter Mengelers, Peter " -"O’Brien, Peter Pinch, Peter S. Crosby, Peter Wells, Petr Fristedt, Petr " -"Viktorin, Petronella Jeurissen, Phil Flickinger, Philip Chung, Philip " -"Pangrac, Philip R. Skaggs Jr., Philip Young, Philippa Lorne Channer, " +"Lovell, Mindy Lin, Mirko <quote>Macro</quote> Fichtner, Mitch Featherston, " +"Mitchell Adams, Molika Oum, Molly Shaffer Van Houweling, Monica Mora, Morgan " +"Loomis, Moritz Schubert, Mrs. Paganini, Mushin Schilling, Mustafa K Calik, " +"MD, Myk Pilgrim, Myra Harmer, Nadine Forget-Dubois, Nagle Industries, LLC, " +"Nah Wee Yang, Natalie Brown, Natalie Freed, Nathan D Howell, Nathan Massey, " +"Nathan Miller, Neal Gorenflo, Neal McBurnett, Neal Stimler, Neil Wilson, " +"Nele Wollert, Neuchee Chang, Niall McDonagh, Niall Twohig, Nic McPhee, " +"Nicholas Bentley, Nicholas Koran, Nicholas Norfolk, Nicholas Potter, Nick " +"Bell, Nick Coghlan, Nick Isaacs, Nick M. Daly, Nick Vance, Nickolay " +"Vedernikov, Nicky Weaver-Weinberg, Nico Prin, Nicolas Weidinger, Nicole " +"Hickman, Niek Theunissen, Nigel Robertson, Nikki Thompson, Nikko Marie, " +"Nikola Chernev, Nils Lavesson, Noah Blumenson-Cook, Noah Fang, Noah Kardos-" +"Fein, Noah Meyerhans, Noel Hanigan, Noel Hart, Norrie Mailer, O.P. Gobée, " +"Ohad Mayblum, Olivia Wilson, Olivier De Doncker, Olivier Schulbaum, Olle " +"Ahnve, Omar Kaminski, Omar Willey, OpenBuilds, Ove Ødegård, Øystein Kjærnet, " +"Pablo López Soriano, Pablo Vasquez, Pacific Design, Paige Mackay, Papp " +"István Péter, Paris Marx, Parker Higgins, Pasquale Borriello, Pat Allan, Pat " +"Hawks, Pat Ludwig, Pat Sticks, Patricia Brennan, Patricia Rosnel, Patricia " +"Wolf, Patrick Berry, Patrick Beseda, Patrick Hurley, Patrick M. Lozeau, " +"Patrick McCabe, Patrick Nafarrete, Patrick Tanguay, Patrick von Hauff, " +"Patrik Kernstock, Patti J Ryan, Paul A Golder, Paul and Iris Brest, Paul " +"Bailey, Paul Bryan, Paul Bunkham, Paul Elosegui, Paul Hibbitts, Paul " +"Jacobson, Paul Keller, Paul Rowe, Paul Timpson, Paul Walker, Pavel Dostál, " +"Peeter Sällström Randsalu, Peggy Frith, Pen-Yuan Hsing, Penny Pearson, Per " +"Åström, Perry Jetter, Péter Fankhauser, Peter Hirtle, Peter Humphries, Peter " +"Jenkins, Peter Langmar, Peter le Roux, Peter Marinari, Peter Mengelers, " +"Peter O’Brien, Peter Pinch, Peter S. Crosby, Peter Wells, Petr Fristedt, " +"Petr Viktorin, Petronella Jeurissen, Phil Flickinger, Philip Chung, Philip " +"Pangrac, Philip R. Skaggs Jr., Philip Young, Philippa Lorne Channer, " "Philippe Vandenbroeck, Pierluigi Luisi, Pierre Suter, Pieter-Jan Pauwels, " "Playground Inc., Pomax, Popenoe, Pouhiou Noenaute, Prilutskiy Kirill, " "Print3Dreams Ltd., Quentin Coispeau, R. Smith, Race DiLoreto, Rachel Mercer, " @@ -12870,36 +12955,36 @@ msgid "" "Ralph Chapoteau, Randall Kirby, Randy Brians, Raphaël Alexandre, Raphaël " "Schröder, Rasmus Jensen, Rayn Drahps, Rayna Stamboliyska, Rebecca Godar, " "Rebecca Lendl, Rebecca Weir, Regina Tschud, Remi Dino, Ric Herrero, Rich " -"McCue, Richard “TalkToMeGuy” Olson, Richard Best, Richard Blumberg, Richard " -"Fannon, Richard Heying, Richard Karnesky, Richard Kelly, Richard Littauer, " -"Richard Sobey, Richard White, Richard Winchell, Rik ToeWater, Rita Lewis, " -"Rita Wood, Riyadh Al Balushi, Rob Balder, Rob Berkley, Rob Bertholf, Rob " -"Emanuele, Rob McAuliffe, Rob McKaughan, Rob Tillie, Rob Utter, Rob Vincent, " -"Robert Gaffney, Robert Jones, Robert Kelly, Robert Lawlis, Robert McDonald, " -"Robert Orzanna, Robert Paterson Hunter, Robert R. Daniel Jr., Robert Ryan-" -"Silva, Robert Thompson, Robert Wagoner, Roberto Selvaggio, Robin DeRosa, " -"Robin Rist Kildal, Rodrigo Castilhos, Roger Bacon, Roger Saner, Roger So, " -"Roger Solé, Roger Tregear, Roland Tanglao, Rolf and Mari von Walthausen, " -"Rolf Egstad, Rolf Schaller, Ron Zuijlen, Ronald Bissell, Ronald van den " -"Hoff, Ronda Snow, Rory Landon Aronson, Ross Findlay, Ross Pruden, Ross " -"Williams, Rowan Skewes, Roy Ivy III, Ruben Flores, Rupert Hitzenberger, Rusi " -"Popov, Russ Antonucci, Russ Spollin, Russell Brand, Rute Correia, Ruth Ann " -"Carpenter, Ruth White, Ryan Mentock, Ryan Merkley, Ryan Price, Ryan Sasaki, " -"Ryan Singer, Ryan Voisin, Ryan Weir, S Searle, Salem Bin Kenaid, Salomon " -"Riedo, Sam Hokin, Sam Twidale, Samantha Levin, Samantha-Jayne Chapman, " -"Samarth Agarwal, Sami Al-AbdRabbuh, Samuel A. Rebelsky, Samuel Goëta, Samuel " -"Hauser, Samuel Landete, Samuel Oliveira Cersosimo, Samuel Tait, Sandra " -"Fauconnier, Sandra Markus, Sandy Bjar, Sandy ONeil, Sang-Phil Ju, Sanjay " -"Basu, Santiago Garcia, Sara Armstrong, Sara Lucca, Sara Rodriguez Marin, " -"Sarah Brand, Sarah Cove, Sarah Curran, Sarah Gold, Sarah McGovern, Sarah " -"Smith, Sarinee Achavanuntakul, Sasha Moss, Sasha VanHoven, Saul Gasca, Scott " -"Abbott, Scott Akerman, Scott Beattie, Scott Bruinooge, Scott Conroy, Scott " -"Gillespie, Scott Williams, Sean Anderson, Sean Johnson, Sean Lim, Sean " -"Wickett, Seb Schmoller, Sebastiaan Bekker, Sebastiaan ter Burg, Sebastian " -"Makowiecki, Sebastian Meyer, Sebastian Schweizer, Sebastian Sigloch, " -"Sebastien Huchet, Seokwon Yang, Sergey Chernyshev, Sergey Storchay, Sergio " -"Cardoso, Seth Drebitko, Seth Gover, Seth Lepore, Shannon Turner, Sharon " -"Clapp, Shauna Redmond, Shawn Gaston, Shawn Martin, Shay Knohl, Shelby " +"McCue, Richard <quote>TalkToMeGuy</quote> Olson, Richard Best, Richard " +"Blumberg, Richard Fannon, Richard Heying, Richard Karnesky, Richard Kelly, " +"Richard Littauer, Richard Sobey, Richard White, Richard Winchell, Rik " +"ToeWater, Rita Lewis, Rita Wood, Riyadh Al Balushi, Rob Balder, Rob Berkley, " +"Rob Bertholf, Rob Emanuele, Rob McAuliffe, Rob McKaughan, Rob Tillie, Rob " +"Utter, Rob Vincent, Robert Gaffney, Robert Jones, Robert Kelly, Robert " +"Lawlis, Robert McDonald, Robert Orzanna, Robert Paterson Hunter, Robert R. " +"Daniel Jr., Robert Ryan-Silva, Robert Thompson, Robert Wagoner, Roberto " +"Selvaggio, Robin DeRosa, Robin Rist Kildal, Rodrigo Castilhos, Roger Bacon, " +"Roger Saner, Roger So, Roger Solé, Roger Tregear, Roland Tanglao, Rolf and " +"Mari von Walthausen, Rolf Egstad, Rolf Schaller, Ron Zuijlen, Ronald " +"Bissell, Ronald van den Hoff, Ronda Snow, Rory Landon Aronson, Ross Findlay, " +"Ross Pruden, Ross Williams, Rowan Skewes, Roy Ivy III, Ruben Flores, Rupert " +"Hitzenberger, Rusi Popov, Russ Antonucci, Russ Spollin, Russell Brand, Rute " +"Correia, Ruth Ann Carpenter, Ruth White, Ryan Mentock, Ryan Merkley, Ryan " +"Price, Ryan Sasaki, Ryan Singer, Ryan Voisin, Ryan Weir, S Searle, Salem Bin " +"Kenaid, Salomon Riedo, Sam Hokin, Sam Twidale, Samantha Levin, Samantha-" +"Jayne Chapman, Samarth Agarwal, Sami Al-AbdRabbuh, Samuel A. Rebelsky, " +"Samuel Goëta, Samuel Hauser, Samuel Landete, Samuel Oliveira Cersosimo, " +"Samuel Tait, Sandra Fauconnier, Sandra Markus, Sandy Bjar, Sandy ONeil, Sang-" +"Phil Ju, Sanjay Basu, Santiago Garcia, Sara Armstrong, Sara Lucca, Sara " +"Rodriguez Marin, Sarah Brand, Sarah Cove, Sarah Curran, Sarah Gold, Sarah " +"McGovern, Sarah Smith, Sarinee Achavanuntakul, Sasha Moss, Sasha VanHoven, " +"Saul Gasca, Scott Abbott, Scott Akerman, Scott Beattie, Scott Bruinooge, " +"Scott Conroy, Scott Gillespie, Scott Williams, Sean Anderson, Sean Johnson, " +"Sean Lim, Sean Wickett, Seb Schmoller, Sebastiaan Bekker, Sebastiaan ter " +"Burg, Sebastian Makowiecki, Sebastian Meyer, Sebastian Schweizer, Sebastian " +"Sigloch, Sebastien Huchet, Seokwon Yang, Sergey Chernyshev, Sergey Storchay, " +"Sergio Cardoso, Seth Drebitko, Seth Gover, Seth Lepore, Shannon Turner, " +"Sharon Clapp, Shauna Redmond, Shawn Gaston, Shawn Martin, Shay Knohl, Shelby " "Hatfield, Sheldon (Vila) Widuch, Sheona Thomson, Si Jie, Sicco van Sas, " "Siena Oristaglio, Simon Glover, Simon John King, Simon Klose, Simon Law, " "Simon Linder, Simon Moffitt, Solomon Kahn, Solomon Simon, Soujanna Sarkar, " @@ -12909,7 +12994,7 @@ msgid "" "Stephen Rose, Stephen Suen, Stephen Walli, Stevan Matheson, Steve Battle, " "Steve Fisches, Steve Fitzhugh, Steve Guen-gerich, Steve Ingram, Steve Kroy, " "Steve Midgley, Steve Rhine, Steven Kasprzyk, Steven Knudsen, Steven Melvin, " -"Stig-Jørund B. Ö. Arnesen, Stuart Drewer, Stuart Maxwell, Stuart Reich, " +"Stig-Jørund B. Ö. Arnesen, Stuart Drewer, Stuart Maxwell, Stuart Reich, " "Subhendu Ghosh, Sujal Shah, Sune Bøegh, Susan Chun, Susan R Grossman, Suzie " "Wiley, Sven Fielitz, Swan/Starts, Sylvain Carle, Sylvain Chery, Sylvia " "Green, Sylvia van Bruggen, Szabolcs Berecz, T. L. Mason, Tanbir Baeg, Tanya " diff --git a/po/es/mwcc.po b/po/es/mwcc.po index 57200ab..ba2338c 100644 --- a/po/es/mwcc.po +++ b/po/es/mwcc.po @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: Made with Creative Commons\n" -"POT-Creation-Date: 2018-03-12 07:43+0000\n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2018-09-07 06:21+0000\n" "PO-Revision-Date: 2018-09-07 00:18+0000\n" "Last-Translator: Gunnar Wolf <gwolf@gwolf.org>\n" "Language-Team: Spanish <https://hosted.weblate.org/projects/madewithcc/" @@ -193,13 +193,21 @@ msgstr "(ACM CRCS) ?" #. type: Content of: <book><dedication><blockquote><para> #: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:94 -msgid "" -"“I don’t know a whole lot about nonfiction journalism. . . The way that I " -"think about these things, and in terms of what I can do is. . . essays like " -"this are occasions to watch somebody reasonably bright but also reasonably " -"average pay far closer attention and think at far more length about all " -"sorts of different stuff than most of us have a chance to in our daily " -"lives.”" +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "“I don’t know a whole lot about nonfiction journalism. . . The way that I " +#| "think about these things, and in terms of what I can do is. . . essays " +#| "like this are occasions to watch somebody reasonably bright but also " +#| "reasonably average pay far closer attention and think at far more length " +#| "about all sorts of different stuff than most of us have a chance to in " +#| "our daily lives.”" +msgid "" +"<quote>I don’t know a whole lot about nonfiction journalism. . . The way " +"that I think about these things, and in terms of what I can do is. . . " +"essays like this are occasions to watch somebody reasonably bright but also " +"reasonably average pay far closer attention and think at far more length " +"about all sorts of different stuff than most of us have a chance to in our " +"daily lives.</quote>" msgstr "" "“No se mucho de periodismo no ficticio... La forma en que pienso acerca de " "estas cosas, en términos de lo que puedo hacer es que... Ensayos como este " @@ -209,24 +217,34 @@ msgstr "" "lo que tenemos la oportunidad de hacer en nuestras vidas diarias.”" #. type: Content of: <book><dedication><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:102 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:103 msgid "— <emphasis>David Foster Wallace</emphasis>" msgstr "— <emphasis>David Foster Wallace</emphasis>" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:107 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:108 msgid "Foreword" msgstr "Prefacio" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:109 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:110 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Three years ago, just after I was hired as CEO of Creative Commons, I met " +#| "with Cory Doctorow in the hotel bar of Toronto’s Gladstone Hotel. As one " +#| "of CC’s most well-known proponents—one who has also had a successful " +#| "career as a writer who shares his work using CC—I told him I thought CC " +#| "had a role in defining and advancing open business models. He kindly " +#| "disagreed, and called the pursuit of viable business models through CC “a " +#| "red herring.”" msgid "" "Three years ago, just after I was hired as CEO of Creative Commons, I met " "with Cory Doctorow in the hotel bar of Toronto’s Gladstone Hotel. As one of " "CC’s most well-known proponents—one who has also had a successful career as " "a writer who shares his work using CC—I told him I thought CC had a role in " "defining and advancing open business models. He kindly disagreed, and called " -"the pursuit of viable business models through CC “a red herring.”" +"the pursuit of viable business models through CC <quote>a red herring.</" +"quote>" msgstr "" "Hace tres años, justo después de haber sido contratado como CEO de Creative " "Commons, me encontré con Cory Doctorow en el bar del Hotel Gladstone, en " @@ -238,13 +256,20 @@ msgstr "" "humo.”" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:118 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:119 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "He was, in a way, completely correct—those who make things with Creative " +#| "Commons have ulterior motives, as Paul Stacey explains in this book: " +#| "“Regardless of legal status, they all have a social mission. Their " +#| "primary reason for being is to make the world a better place, not to " +#| "profit. Money is a means to a social end, not the end itself.”" msgid "" "He was, in a way, completely correct—those who make things with Creative " "Commons have ulterior motives, as Paul Stacey explains in this book: " -"“Regardless of legal status, they all have a social mission. Their primary " -"reason for being is to make the world a better place, not to profit. Money " -"is a means to a social end, not the end itself.”" +"<quote>Regardless of legal status, they all have a social mission. Their " +"primary reason for being is to make the world a better place, not to profit. " +"Money is a means to a social end, not the end itself.</quote>" msgstr "" "Tenía, de cierto modo, toda la razón —Quienes hacen cosas con Creative " "Commons tienen motivos ulteriores, como lo explica Paul Stacey en su libro: " @@ -253,13 +278,20 @@ msgstr "" "dinero es un medio para un fin social, no el fin mismo.”" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:126 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:127 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "In the case study about Cory Doctorow, Sarah Hinchliff Pearson cites " +#| "Cory’s words from his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: “Entering " +#| "the arts because you want to get rich is like buying lottery tickets " +#| "because you want to get rich. It might work, but it almost certainly " +#| "won’t. Though, of course, someone always wins the lottery.”" msgid "" "In the case study about Cory Doctorow, Sarah Hinchliff Pearson cites Cory’s " -"words from his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: “Entering the arts " -"because you want to get rich is like buying lottery tickets because you want " -"to get rich. It might work, but it almost certainly won’t. Though, of " -"course, someone always wins the lottery.”" +"words from his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: <quote>Entering the " +"arts because you want to get rich is like buying lottery tickets because you " +"want to get rich. It might work, but it almost certainly won’t. Though, of " +"course, someone always wins the lottery.</quote>" msgstr "" "En el estudio de caso acerca de Cory Doctorow, Sarah Hinchliff Pearson cita " "las palabras de Cory de su libro _La Información no Quiere ser Libre_: " @@ -269,7 +301,7 @@ msgstr "" "lotería.”" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:134 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:135 msgid "" "Today, copyright is like a lottery ticket—everyone has one, and almost " "nobody wins. What they don’t tell you is that if you choose to share your " @@ -287,12 +319,20 @@ msgstr "" "vivir según sus valores." #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:143 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:144 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "So it’s not about the money. Also: it is. Finding the means to continue " +#| "to create and share often requires some amount of income. Max Temkin of " +#| "Cards Against Humanity says it best in their case study: “We don’t make " +#| "jokes and games to make money—we make money so we can make more jokes and " +#| "games.”" msgid "" "So it’s not about the money. Also: it is. Finding the means to continue to " "create and share often requires some amount of income. Max Temkin of Cards " -"Against Humanity says it best in their case study: “We don’t make jokes and " -"games to make money—we make money so we can make more jokes and games.”" +"Against Humanity says it best in their case study: <quote>We don’t make " +"jokes and games to make money—we make money so we can make more jokes and " +"games.</quote>" msgstr "" "Así que no es acerca del dinero. Pero, al mismo tiempo, sí lo es. Encontrar " "los medios para continuar creando y compartiendo frecuentemente requiere de " @@ -301,7 +341,7 @@ msgstr "" "Hacemos dinero para poder seguir haciendo más chistes y juegos.”" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:150 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:151 msgid "" "Creative Commons’ focus is on building a vibrant, usable commons, powered by " "collaboration and gratitude. Enabling communities of collaboration is at the " @@ -319,7 +359,7 @@ msgstr "" "autores ideales para escribir _Hecho con Creative Commons_." #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:159 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:160 msgid "" "Paul dreams of a future where new models of creativity and innovation " "overpower the inequality and scarcity that today define the worst parts of " @@ -338,7 +378,7 @@ msgstr "" "inspira a sus colegas y a su comunidad." #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:168 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:169 msgid "" "Sarah is the best kind of lawyer—a true advocate who believes in the good of " "people, and the power of collective acts to change the world. Over the past " @@ -360,7 +400,7 @@ msgstr "" "debatir de mi equipo." #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:180 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:181 msgid "" "As coauthors, Paul and Sarah complement each other perfectly. They " "researched, analyzed, argued, and worked as a team, sometimes together and " @@ -382,7 +422,7 @@ msgstr "" "interesante, honesto y útil." #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:191 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:192 msgid "" "From the beginning, CC wanted to develop this project with the principles " "and values of open collaboration. The book was funded, developed, " @@ -398,7 +438,7 @@ msgstr "" "modelo de negocios abierto." #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:199 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:200 msgid "" "For 31 days in August of 2015, Sarah took point to organize and execute a " "Kickstarter campaign to generate the core funding for the book. The " @@ -416,7 +456,7 @@ msgstr "" "Creative Commons." #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:208 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:209 msgid "" "Paul and Sarah worked openly throughout the project, publishing the plans, " "drafts, case studies, and analysis, early and often, and they engaged " @@ -436,7 +476,7 @@ msgstr "" "que _Hecho con Creative Commons_ resultara un mejor proyecto." #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:218 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:219 msgid "" "Those who work and share in the commons are not typical creators. They are " "part of something greater than themselves, and what they offer us all is a " @@ -448,7 +488,7 @@ msgstr "" "comunidad." #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:224 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:225 msgid "" "Jonathan Mann, who is profiled in this book, writes a song a day. When I " "reached out to ask him to write a song for our Kickstarter (and to offer " @@ -466,19 +506,32 @@ msgstr "" "y con un público global." #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:233 -msgid "" -"Sarah writes, “Endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons thrive when " -"community is built around what they do. This may mean a community " +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:234 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Sarah writes, “Endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons thrive when " +#| "community is built around what they do. This may mean a community " +#| "collaborating together to create something new, or it may simply be a " +#| "collection of like-minded people who get to know each other and rally " +#| "around common interests or beliefs. To a certain extent, simply being " +#| "Made with Creative Commons automatically brings with it some element of " +#| "community, by helping connect you to like-minded others who recognize and " +#| "are drawn to the values symbolized by using CC.” Amanda Palmer, the other " +#| "musician profiled in the book, would surely add this from her case study: " +#| "“There is no more satisfying end goal than having someone tell you that " +#| "what you do is genuinely of value to them.”" +msgid "" +"Sarah writes, <quote>Endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons thrive " +"when community is built around what they do. This may mean a community " "collaborating together to create something new, or it may simply be a " "collection of like-minded people who get to know each other and rally around " "common interests or beliefs. To a certain extent, simply being Made with " "Creative Commons automatically brings with it some element of community, by " "helping connect you to like-minded others who recognize and are drawn to the " -"values symbolized by using CC.” Amanda Palmer, the other musician profiled " -"in the book, would surely add this from her case study: “There is no more " -"satisfying end goal than having someone tell you that what you do is " -"genuinely of value to them.”" +"values symbolized by using CC.</quote> Amanda Palmer, the other musician " +"profiled in the book, would surely add this from her case study: " +"<quote>There is no more satisfying end goal than having someone tell you " +"that what you do is genuinely of value to them.</quote>" msgstr "" "Sarah escribe, ”Los esfuerzos que son Hechos con Creative Commons prosperan " "cuando se construye una comunidad alrededor de lo que hacen. Puede ser que " @@ -494,7 +547,7 @@ msgstr "" "valioso.”" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:247 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:248 msgid "" "This is not a typical business book. For those looking for a recipe or a " "roadmap, you might be disappointed. But for those looking to pursue a social " @@ -514,15 +567,24 @@ msgstr "" "docenas de dosis de inspiración pura." #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:257 -msgid "" -"In a 1996 Stanford Law Review article “The Zones of Cyberspace”, CC founder " -"Lawrence Lessig wrote, “Cyberspace is a place. People live there. They " -"experience all the sorts of things that they experience in real space, " -"there. For some, they experience more. They experience this not as isolated " -"individuals, playing some high tech computer game; they experience it in " -"groups, in communities, among strangers, among people they come to know, and " -"sometimes like.”" +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:258 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "In a 1996 Stanford Law Review article “The Zones of Cyberspace”, CC " +#| "founder Lawrence Lessig wrote, “Cyberspace is a place. People live there. " +#| "They experience all the sorts of things that they experience in real " +#| "space, there. For some, they experience more. They experience this not as " +#| "isolated individuals, playing some high tech computer game; they " +#| "experience it in groups, in communities, among strangers, among people " +#| "they come to know, and sometimes like.”" +msgid "" +"In a 1996 Stanford Law Review article <quote>The Zones of Cyberspace</" +"quote>, CC founder Lawrence Lessig wrote, <quote>Cyberspace is a place. " +"People live there. They experience all the sorts of things that they " +"experience in real space, there. For some, they experience more. They " +"experience this not as isolated individuals, playing some high tech computer " +"game; they experience it in groups, in communities, among strangers, among " +"people they come to know, and sometimes like.</quote>" msgstr "" "En el artículo publicado en Stanford Law Review de 1996, el fundador de CC, " "Lawrence Lessig, escribió: ”El ciberespacio es un lugar. Hay gente que vive " @@ -533,13 +595,20 @@ msgstr "" "van conociendo, de quienes se van haciendo amigos.”" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:266 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:268 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "I’m incredibly proud that Creative Commons is able to publish this book " +#| "for the many communities that we have come to know and like. I’m " +#| "grateful to Paul and Sarah for their creativity and insights, and to the " +#| "global communities that have helped us bring it to you. As CC board " +#| "member Johnathan Nightingale often says, “It’s all made of people.”" msgid "" "I’m incredibly proud that Creative Commons is able to publish this book for " "the many communities that we have come to know and like. I’m grateful to " "Paul and Sarah for their creativity and insights, and to the global " "communities that have helped us bring it to you. As CC board member " -"Johnathan Nightingale often says, “It’s all made of people.”" +"Johnathan Nightingale often says, <quote>It’s all made of people.</quote>" msgstr "" "Estoy increíblemente orgulloso de que Creative Commons pueda publicar este " "libro para las muchas comunidades que hemos llegado a conocer y amar. Estoy " @@ -548,29 +617,29 @@ msgstr "" "Nightingale, miembro del consejo de CC, ”todo está hecho de gente.”" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:274 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:276 msgid "That’s the true value of things that are Made with Creative Commons." msgstr "" "Ese es el verdadero valor de las cosas que están _Hechas con Creative " "Commons_." #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:277 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:279 msgid "<emphasis>Ryan Merkley</emphasis>" msgstr "<emphasis>Ryan Merkley</emphasis>" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:280 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:282 msgid "<emphasis>CEO, Creative Commons</emphasis>" msgstr "<emphasis>CEO, Creative Commons</emphasis>" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:284 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:286 msgid "Introduction" msgstr "Introducción" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:286 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:288 msgid "" "This book shows the world how sharing can be good for business—but with a " "twist." @@ -579,7 +648,18 @@ msgstr "" "negocios — Pero con un giro adicional." #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:290 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:292 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "We began the project intending to explore how creators, organizations, " +#| "and businesses make money to sustain what they do when they share their " +#| "work using Creative Commons licenses. Our goal was not to identify a " +#| "formula for business models that use Creative Commons but instead gather " +#| "fresh ideas and dynamic examples that spark new, innovative models and " +#| "help others follow suit by building on what already works. At the onset, " +#| "we framed our investigation in familiar business terms. We created a " +#| "blank “open business model canvas,” an interactive online tool that would " +#| "help people design and analyze their business model." msgid "" "We began the project intending to explore how creators, organizations, and " "businesses make money to sustain what they do when they share their work " @@ -587,9 +667,9 @@ msgid "" "business models that use Creative Commons but instead gather fresh ideas and " "dynamic examples that spark new, innovative models and help others follow " "suit by building on what already works. At the onset, we framed our " -"investigation in familiar business terms. We created a blank “open business " -"model canvas,” an interactive online tool that would help people design and " -"analyze their business model." +"investigation in familiar business terms. We created a blank <quote>open " +"business model canvas,</quote> an interactive online tool that would help " +"people design and analyze their business model." msgstr "" "Comenzamos el proyecto con la intención de explorar cómo los creadores, " "organizaciones y negocios hacen dinero para sostener lo que tienen que hacer " @@ -604,7 +684,7 @@ msgstr "" "modelo de negocios." #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:302 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:304 msgid "" "Through the generous funding of Kickstarter backers, we set about this " "project first by identifying and selecting a diverse group of creators, " @@ -620,7 +700,7 @@ msgstr "" "escuchamos y profundizamos en la literatura." #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:310 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:312 msgid "" "But as we did our research, something interesting happened. Our initial way " "of framing the work did not match the stories we were hearing." @@ -630,7 +710,7 @@ msgstr "" "escuchábamos." #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:315 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:317 msgid "" "Those we interviewed were not typical businesses selling to consumers and " "seeking to maximize profits and the bottom line. Instead, they were sharing " @@ -646,13 +726,20 @@ msgstr "" "sostener sus operaciones." #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:323 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:325 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "They often didn’t like hearing what they do described as an open business " +#| "model. Their endeavor was something more than that. Something different. " +#| "Something that generates not just economic value but social and cultural " +#| "value. Something that involves human connection. Being Made with Creative " +#| "Commons is not “business as usual.”" msgid "" "They often didn’t like hearing what they do described as an open business " "model. Their endeavor was something more than that. Something different. " "Something that generates not just economic value but social and cultural " "value. Something that involves human connection. Being Made with Creative " -"Commons is not “business as usual.”" +"Commons is not <quote>business as usual.</quote>" msgstr "" "Frecuentemente no les gustaba escuchar que se describiera lo que hacían como " "un modelo de negocios abierto. Su emprendimiento iba más allá que eso, era " @@ -661,7 +748,7 @@ msgstr "" "_Hecho con Creative Commons_ no es ”negocios como siempre.”" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:331 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:333 msgid "" "We had to rethink the way we conceived of this project. And it didn’t happen " "overnight. From the fall of 2015 through 2016, we documented our thoughts in " @@ -680,7 +767,7 @@ msgstr "" "en el transcurso de un año y medio." #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:340 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:342 msgid "" "Throughout the process, the two of us have often had very different ways of " "understanding and describing what we were learning. Learning from each other " @@ -700,7 +787,7 @@ msgstr "" "diferentes secciones." #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:350 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:352 msgid "" "While we recommend that you read the book from start to finish, each section " "reads more or less independently. The book is structured into two main parts." @@ -710,7 +797,7 @@ msgstr "" "dos partes principales." #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:355 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:357 msgid "" "Part one, the overview, begins with a big-picture framework written by Paul. " "He provides some historical context for the digital commons, describing the " @@ -728,7 +815,7 @@ msgstr "" "los bienes comunes digitales." #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:363 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:365 msgid "" "The overview continues with Sarah’s chapter, as she considers what it means " "to be successfully Made with Creative Commons. While making money is one " @@ -748,7 +835,7 @@ msgstr "" "impulsan conexiones con la gente con quienes comparten." #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:373 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:375 msgid "" "And to end part one, we have a short section that explains the different " "Creative Commons licenses. We talk about the misconception that the more " @@ -762,7 +849,7 @@ msgstr "" "son las únicas maneras de hacer dinero." #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:380 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:382 msgid "" "Part two of the book is made up of the twenty-four stories of the creators, " "businesses, and organizations we interviewed. While both of us participated " @@ -774,7 +861,7 @@ msgstr "" "perfiles." #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:386 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:388 msgid "" "Of course, we are pleased to make the book available using a Creative " "Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license. Please copy, distribute, translate, " @@ -785,7 +872,7 @@ msgstr "" "traduce, localiza y construye sobre de este trabajo." #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:391 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:393 msgid "" "Writing this book has transformed and inspired us. The way we now look at " "and think about what it means to be Made with Creative Commons has " @@ -800,42 +887,51 @@ msgstr "" "contribuya a transformar nuestra economía y al mundo para mejor." #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:398 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:400 msgid "<emphasis>Paul and Sarah </emphasis>" msgstr "<emphasis>Paul y Sarah </emphasis>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:402 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:404 msgid "The Big Picture" msgstr "El panorama completo" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:404 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:406 msgid "The New World of Digital Commons" msgstr "El nuevo mundo de los bienes comunes digitales" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:406 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:408 msgid "Paul Stacey" msgstr "Paul Stacey" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:416 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:418 msgid "" "Jonathan Rowe, Our Common Wealth (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013), 14." msgstr "" "Jonathan Rowe, Our Common Wealth (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013), 14." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:409 -msgid "" -"Jonathan Rowe eloquently describes the commons as “the air and oceans, the " -"web of species, wilderness and flowing water—all are parts of the commons. " -"So are language and knowledge, sidewalks and public squares, the stories of " -"childhood and the processes of democracy. Some parts of the commons are " -"gifts of nature, others the product of human endeavor. Some are new, such as " -"the Internet; others are as ancient as soil and calligraphy.”<placeholder " -"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:411 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Jonathan Rowe eloquently describes the commons as “the air and oceans, " +#| "the web of species, wilderness and flowing water—all are parts of the " +#| "commons. So are language and knowledge, sidewalks and public squares, the " +#| "stories of childhood and the processes of democracy. Some parts of the " +#| "commons are gifts of nature, others the product of human endeavor. Some " +#| "are new, such as the Internet; others are as ancient as soil and " +#| "calligraphy.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +msgid "" +"Jonathan Rowe eloquently describes the commons as <quote>the air and oceans, " +"the web of species, wilderness and flowing water—all are parts of the " +"commons. So are language and knowledge, sidewalks and public squares, the " +"stories of childhood and the processes of democracy. Some parts of the " +"commons are gifts of nature, others the product of human endeavor. Some are " +"new, such as the Internet; others are as ancient as soil and calligraphy.</" +"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" "Jonathan Rowe describe de forma elocuente a los bienes comunes como «el aire " "y los océanos, la red de especies, la naturaleza salvaje y la corriente de " @@ -847,7 +943,7 @@ msgstr "" "caligrafía.»<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:421 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:423 msgid "" "In Made with Creative Commons, we focus on our current era of digital " "commons, a commons of human-produced works. This commons cuts across a broad " @@ -870,7 +966,7 @@ msgstr "" "Internet." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:436 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:438 msgid "" "David Bollier, Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of " "the Commons (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014), 176." @@ -879,12 +975,12 @@ msgstr "" "the Commons (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014), 176." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:444 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:446 msgid "Ibid., 15." msgstr "Ibid., 15." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:432 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:434 msgid "" "The commons is not just about shared resources, however. It’s also about the " "social practices and values that manage them. A resource is a noun, but to " @@ -904,24 +1000,24 @@ msgstr "" "Las personas creadoras, organizaciones y negocios que perfilamos están todas " "comprometidas con comunalizar. Su uso de Creative Commons les involucra en " "la práctica social de la comunalización, gestionando recursos de una forma " -"colectiva con una comunidad de usuarios.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"" -"1\"/> La liberación es guiada por un conjunto de valores y normas que " +"colectiva con una comunidad de usuarios.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" +"\"1\"/> La liberación es guiada por un conjunto de valores y normas que " "balancean los costos y beneficios de la empresa con aquellos de la " "comunidad. Se le da especial atención al acceso equitativo, uso y " "sostenibilidad." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:451 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:453 msgid "The Commons, the Market, and the State" msgstr "Los bienes comunes, el mercado y el Estado" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:457 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:459 msgid "Ibid., 145." msgstr "Ibid., 145." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:453 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:455 msgid "" "Historically, there have been three ways to manage resources and share " "wealth: the commons (managed collectively), the state (i.e., the " @@ -929,17 +1025,17 @@ msgid "" "<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" "Históricamente, han habido tres formas de gestionar recursos y compartir " -"riquezas: los bienes comunes (gestionados de forma colectiva), el Estado (" -"esto es, el gobierno) y el mercado—con los dos últimos siendo hoy las formas " -"dominantes.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"riquezas: los bienes comunes (gestionados de forma colectiva), el Estado " +"(esto es, el gobierno) y el mercado—con los dos últimos siendo hoy las " +"formas dominantes.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:466 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:468 msgid "Ibid., 175." msgstr "Ibid., 175." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:461 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:463 msgid "" "The organizations and businesses in our case studies are unique in the way " "they participate in the commons while still engaging with the market and/or " @@ -954,13 +1050,13 @@ msgstr "" "la forma en que participan en los bienes comunes, al tiempo que se mantienen " "involucrados con el mercado y/o el Estado. El grado de involucramiento con " "el mercado o Estado varía. Algunas operan ante todo en los bienes comunes " -"con mínima o ninguna dependencia del mercado o Estado.<placeholder type=\"" -"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Otras son parte del mercado o Estado, y dependen de " +"con mínima o ninguna dependencia del mercado o Estado.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Otras son parte del mercado o Estado, y dependen de " "estos para su sotenibilidad financiera. Todas operan como híbridos, " "mezclando las normas de cada bien común con las del mercado o Estado." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:473 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:475 msgid "" "Fig. 1. is a depiction of how an enterprise can have varying levels of " "engagement with commons, state, and market." @@ -969,7 +1065,7 @@ msgstr "" "variables de involucramiento con los bienes comunes, el Estado y el mercado." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:477 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:479 msgid "" "Some of our case studies are simply commons and market enterprises with " "little or no engagement with the state. A depiction of those case studies " @@ -980,8 +1076,8 @@ msgid "" "as being primarily of one type or another affects the balance of norms by " "which they operate." msgstr "" -"Algunos de nuestros casos de estudio son simplemente bienes comunes y empresas " -"de mercado con poco o ningún involucramiento con el Estado. Una " +"Algunos de nuestros casos de estudio son simplemente bienes comunes y " +"empresas de mercado con poco o ningún involucramiento con el Estado. Una " "representación de estos casos de estudio mostraría una esfera del Estado " "pequeña o incluso ausente. Otros casos de estudio se basan ante todo en el " "mercado, con sólo un pequeño involucramiento con el bien común. Una " @@ -991,7 +1087,7 @@ msgstr "" "balance de normas bajo las cuales operan." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:488 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:490 msgid "" "All our case studies generate money as a means of livelihood and " "sustainability. Money is primarily of the market. Finding ways to generate " @@ -1009,7 +1105,7 @@ msgstr "" "habilidad de mezclar lo mejor de ambos." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:497 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:499 msgid "" "The state has an important role to play in fostering the use and adoption of " "the commons. State programs and funding can deliberately contribute to and " @@ -1023,30 +1119,30 @@ msgstr "" "derechos de autor, negocios y finanzas para promoverlos." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><textobject><phrase> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:504 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:511 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:506 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:513 msgid "Enterprise engagement with commons, state and market." msgstr "" "Una empresa puede tener niveles variables de involucramiento con los bienes " "comunes, el Estado y el mercado." #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:508 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:510 msgid "Pictures/10000201000008000000045C30360249076453E6.png" msgstr "Pictures/10000201000008000000045C30360249076453E6.png" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:506 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:555 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:673 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:802 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:844 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:929 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:508 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:557 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:675 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:804 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:846 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:934 msgid "<placeholder type=\"mediaobject\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "<placeholder type=\"mediaobject\" id=\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:517 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:519 msgid "" "It’s helpful to understand how the commons, market, and state manage " "resources differently, and not just for those who consider themselves " @@ -1065,17 +1161,23 @@ msgstr "" "Estado no resultaría una estrategia exitosa." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:528 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:530 msgid "The Four Aspects of a Resource" msgstr "Los cuatro aspectos de un recurso" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:533 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:535 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Daniel H. Cole, “Learning from Lin: Lessons and Cautions from the Natural " +#| "Commons for the Knowledge Commons,” in Governing Knowledge Commons, eds. " +#| "Brett M. Frischmann, Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg (New " +#| "York: Oxford University Press, 2014), 53." msgid "" -"Daniel H. Cole, “Learning from Lin: Lessons and Cautions from the Natural " -"Commons for the Knowledge Commons,” in Governing Knowledge Commons, eds. " -"Brett M. Frischmann, Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg (New " -"York: Oxford University Press, 2014), 53." +"Daniel H. Cole, <quote>Learning from Lin: Lessons and Cautions from the " +"Natural Commons for the Knowledge Commons,</quote> in Governing Knowledge " +"Commons, eds. Brett M. Frischmann, Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. " +"Strandburg (New York: Oxford University Press, 2014), 53." msgstr "" "Daniel H. Cole, “Learning from Lin: Lessons and Cautions from the Natural " "Commons for the Knowledge Commons,” en Governing Knowledge Commons, eds. " @@ -1083,7 +1185,7 @@ msgstr "" "York: Oxford University Press, 2014), 53." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:530 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:532 msgid "" "As part of her Nobel Prize–winning work, Elinor Ostrom developed a framework " "for analyzing how natural resources are managed in a commons.<placeholder " @@ -1103,7 +1205,7 @@ msgstr "" "al Estado para este capítulo." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:546 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:548 msgid "" "To compare and contrast the ways in which the commons, market, and state " "work, let’s consider four aspects of resource management: resource " @@ -1119,23 +1221,23 @@ msgstr "" "uso (ver Fig. 2)." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><textobject><phrase> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:554 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:560 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:556 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:562 msgid "Four aspects of resource management" msgstr "Cuatro aspectos de administración de recursos" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:557 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:559 msgid "Pictures/10000201000007D0000007D0ACF13F8B71EAF0B9.png" msgstr "Pictures/10000201000007D0000007D0ACF13F8B71EAF0B9.png" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:566 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:568 msgid "Characteristics" msgstr "Características" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:568 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:570 msgid "" "Resources have particular characteristics or attributes that affect the way " "they can be used. Some resources are natural; others are human produced. And—" @@ -1149,7 +1251,7 @@ msgstr "" "el potencial inherente del recurso." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:575 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:577 msgid "" "Physical resources exist in limited supply. If I have a physical resource " "and give it to you, I no longer have it. When a resource is removed and " @@ -1169,7 +1271,7 @@ msgstr "" "requieren que se involucren con el mercado." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:586 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:588 msgid "" "Physical resources are depletable, exclusive, and rivalrous. Digital " "resources, on the other hand, are nondepletable, nonexclusive, and " @@ -1188,7 +1290,7 @@ msgstr "" "es una característica inherente de los recursos digitales." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:596 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:598 msgid "" "The nondepletable, nonexclusive, and nonrivalrous nature of digital " "resources means the rules and norms for managing them can (and ought to) be " @@ -1204,7 +1306,7 @@ msgstr "" "libres y abundantes." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:604 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:606 msgid "" "Our case studies frequently manage hybrid resources, which start out as " "digital with the possibility of being made into a physical resource. The " @@ -1224,7 +1326,7 @@ msgstr "" "un recurso digital en uno físico." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:615 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:617 msgid "" "Beyond this idea of physical versus digital, the commons, market, and state " "conceive of resources differently (see Fig. 3). The market sees resources " @@ -1244,12 +1346,12 @@ msgstr "" "futuras generaciones de forma no disminuída y, en ocasiones, mejorada." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:626 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:628 msgid "People and processes" msgstr "Personas y procesos" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:628 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:630 msgid "" "In the commons, the market, and the state, different people and processes " "are used to manage resources. The processes used define both who has a say " @@ -1260,7 +1362,7 @@ msgstr "" "quiéne tiene voz, así como la forma en que un recurso se gestiona." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:633 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:635 msgid "" "In the state, a government of elected officials is responsible for managing " "resources on behalf of the public. The citizens who produce and use those " @@ -1277,7 +1379,7 @@ msgstr "" "recursos con base en prioridades y procedimientos del gobierno." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:642 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:644 msgid "" "In the market, the people involved are producers, buyers, sellers, and " "consumers. Businesses act as intermediaries between those who produce " @@ -1295,7 +1397,7 @@ msgstr "" "de una transacción de efectivo." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:653 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:655 msgid "" "Max Haiven, Crises of Imagination, Crises of Power: Capitalism, Creativity " "and the Commons (New York: Zed Books, 2014), 93." @@ -1304,7 +1406,7 @@ msgstr "" "and the Commons (New York: Zed Books, 2014), 93." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:651 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:653 msgid "" "In contrast to the state and market, resources in a commons are managed more " "directly by the people involved.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> " @@ -1335,23 +1437,23 @@ msgstr "" "recurso vuelve al bien común menos anónimo y más personal." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><mediaobject><textobject><phrase> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:671 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:678 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:673 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:680 msgid "How the market, commons and state concieve of resources." msgstr "Cómo el mercado, los bienes comunes y el Estado conciben los recursos." #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:675 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:677 msgid "Pictures/10000201000009C40000065D9EC4F530BD4DFBE0.png" msgstr "Pictures/10000201000009C40000065D9EC4F530BD4DFBE0.png" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:685 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:687 msgid "Norms and rules" msgstr "Normas y reglas" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:687 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:689 msgid "" "The social interactions between people, and the processes used by the state, " "market, and commons, evolve social norms and rules. These norms and rules " @@ -1363,7 +1465,7 @@ msgstr "" "disputas." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:693 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:695 msgid "" "State authority is governed by national constitutions. Norms related to " "priorities and decision making are defined by elected officials and " @@ -1379,7 +1481,7 @@ msgstr "" "las reglas mediante las cuales se regula." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:701 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:703 msgid "" "Market norms are influenced by economics and competition for scarce " "resources. Market rules follow property, business, and financial laws " @@ -1390,12 +1492,12 @@ msgstr "" "y leyes financieras definidas por el Estado." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:713 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:715 msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 175." msgstr "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 175." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:706 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:708 msgid "" "As with the market, a commons can be influenced by state policies, " "regulations, and laws. But the norms and rules of a commons are largely " @@ -1413,12 +1515,12 @@ msgstr "" "\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:718 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:720 msgid "Goals" msgstr "Objetivos" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:720 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:722 msgid "" "The combination of the aspects we’ve discussed so far—the resource’s " "inherent characteristics, people and processes, and norms and rules—shape " @@ -1432,12 +1534,18 @@ msgstr "" "los bienes comunes." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:732 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:734 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Joshua Farley and Ida Kubiszewski, “The Economics of Information in a " +#| "Post-Carbon Economy,” in Free Knowledge: Confronting the Commodification " +#| "of Human Discovery, eds. Patricia W. Elliott and Daryl H. Hepting " +#| "(Regina, SK: University of Regina Press, 2015), 201–4." msgid "" -"Joshua Farley and Ida Kubiszewski, “The Economics of Information in a Post-" -"Carbon Economy,” in Free Knowledge: Confronting the Commodification of Human " -"Discovery, eds. Patricia W. Elliott and Daryl H. Hepting (Regina, SK: " -"University of Regina Press, 2015), 201–4." +"Joshua Farley and Ida Kubiszewski, <quote>The Economics of Information in a " +"Post-Carbon Economy,</quote> in Free Knowledge: Confronting the " +"Commodification of Human Discovery, eds. Patricia W. Elliott and Daryl H. " +"Hepting (Regina, SK: University of Regina Press, 2015), 201–4." msgstr "" "Joshua Farley e Ida Kubiszewski, “The Economics of Information in a Post-" "Carbon Economy,” en Free Knowledge: Confronting the Commodification of Human " @@ -1445,7 +1553,7 @@ msgstr "" "University of Regina Press, 2015), 201–4." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:727 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:729 msgid "" "In the market, the focus is on maximizing the utility of a resource. What we " "pay for the goods we consume is seen as an objective measure of the utility " @@ -1462,7 +1570,7 @@ msgstr "" "y estas todas son formas de medir los objetivos del mercado." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:742 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:744 msgid "" "The state aims to use and manage resources in a way that balances the " "economy with the social and cultural needs of its citizens. Health care, " @@ -1479,7 +1587,7 @@ msgstr "" "reflejan en mediciones de calidad de vida." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:751 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:753 msgid "" "In the commons, the goal is maximizing access, equity, distribution, " "participation, innovation, and sustainability. You can measure success by " @@ -1497,7 +1605,7 @@ msgstr "" "personal y social." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:760 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:762 msgid "" "As hybrid combinations of the commons with the market or state, the success " "and sustainability of all our case study enterprises depends on their " @@ -1510,12 +1618,12 @@ msgstr "" "estos diferentes aspectos de la gestión de recursos." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:768 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:770 msgid "A Short History of the Commons" msgstr "Una corta historia de los bienes comunes" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:770 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:772 msgid "" "Using the commons to manage resources is part of a long historical " "continuum. However, in contemporary society, the market and the state " @@ -1527,12 +1635,12 @@ msgstr "" "Usar los bienes comunes para gestionar recursos es parte de un largo " "contínuo histórico. Sin embargo, en la sociedad contemporánea, el mercado y " "el Estado dominan el discurso de cuál es la mejor manera de gestionar los " -"recursos. Es raro que el bien común siquiera se considere como una opción. El " -"bien común ha desaparecido de la conciencia y consideración en gran parte. No " -"hay reportes noticiosos o discursos acerca de los bienes comunes." +"recursos. Es raro que el bien común siquiera se considere como una opción. " +"El bien común ha desaparecido de la conciencia y consideración en gran " +"parte. No hay reportes noticiosos o discursos acerca de los bienes comunes." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:779 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:781 msgid "" "But the more than 1.1 billion resources licensed with Creative Commons " "around the world are indications of a grassroots move toward the commons. " @@ -1547,7 +1655,7 @@ msgstr "" "historia." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:790 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:792 msgid "" "Rowe, Our Common Wealth, 19; and Heather Menzies, Reclaiming the Commons for " "the Common Good: A Memoir and Manifesto (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, " @@ -1558,7 +1666,7 @@ msgstr "" "2014), 42–43." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:786 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:788 msgid "" "For centuries, indigenous people and preindustrialized societies managed " "resources, including water, food, firewood, irrigation, fish, wild game, and " @@ -1580,23 +1688,23 @@ msgstr "" "y el mercado)." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><textobject><phrase> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:801 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:807 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:803 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:809 msgid "In preindustrialized society." msgstr "en la sociedad preindustrializada." #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:804 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:806 msgid "Pictures/10000201000009C4000005153EACBD62F00F6BA9.png" msgstr "Pictures/10000201000009C4000005153EACBD62F00F6BA9.png" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:816 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:818 msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 55–78." msgstr "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 55–78." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:820 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:822 msgid "" "Fritjof Capra and Ugo Mattei, The Ecology of Law: Toward a Legal System in " "Tune with Nature and Community (Oakland, CA: Berrett-Koehler, 2015), 46–57; " @@ -1607,27 +1715,38 @@ msgstr "" "y Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 88." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:813 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:815 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "This is followed by a long history of the state (a monarchy or ruler) " +#| "taking over the commons for their own purposes. This is called enclosure " +#| "of the commons.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> In olden days, " +#| "“commoners” were evicted from the land, fences and hedges erected, laws " +#| "passed, and security set up to forbid access.<placeholder type=\"footnote" +#| "\" id=\"1\"/> Gradually, resources became the property of the state and " +#| "the state became the primary means by which resources were managed. (See " +#| "Fig. 5)." msgid "" "This is followed by a long history of the state (a monarchy or ruler) taking " "over the commons for their own purposes. This is called enclosure of the " -"commons.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> In olden days, “commoners” " -"were evicted from the land, fences and hedges erected, laws passed, and " -"security set up to forbid access.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> " -"Gradually, resources became the property of the state and the state became " -"the primary means by which resources were managed. (See Fig. 5)." +"commons.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> In olden days, " +"<quote>commoners</quote> were evicted from the land, fences and hedges " +"erected, laws passed, and security set up to forbid access.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> Gradually, resources became the property of the " +"state and the state became the primary means by which resources were " +"managed. (See Fig. 5)." msgstr "" "A esto le sigue una larga historia del Estado (un monarca o soberano) " "tomando control sobre los bienes comunes para sus propios propósitos. A esto " -"se le llama cercamiento del bien común.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"" -"0\"/> Antíguamente, las masas eran desalojadas de la tierra, se levantaban " +"se le llama cercamiento del bien común.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" +"\"0\"/> Antíguamente, las masas eran desalojadas de la tierra, se levantaban " "vallas y cercas, se aprobaban leyes y se vigilaba el espacio para prohibir " "el acceso.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> De forma gradual, los " "recursos se volvieron propiedad del estado y el estado se volvió la forma " "principal mediante la cual los recursos se gestionaban. (Ver Fig. 5)." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:829 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:831 msgid "" "Holdings of land, water, and game were distributed to ruling family and " "political appointees. Commoners displaced from the land migrated to cities. " @@ -1652,18 +1771,18 @@ msgstr "" "por el cuál los recursos son gestionados." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><textobject><phrase> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:843 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:849 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:845 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:851 msgid "The commons is gradually superseded by the state." msgstr "Los bienes comunes son gradualmente reemplazados por el estado." #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:846 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:848 msgid "Pictures/10000201000009C4000005150F069409C1CC12F0.png" msgstr "Pictures/10000201000009C4000005150F069409C1CC12F0.png" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:855 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:857 msgid "" "However, the world today is going through turbulent times. The benefits of " "the market have been offset by unequal distribution and overexploitation." @@ -1673,47 +1792,79 @@ msgstr "" "la sobreexplotación." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:860 -msgid "" -"Overexploitation was the topic of Garrett Hardin’s influential essay “The " -"Tragedy of the Commons,” published in Science in 1968. Hardin argues that " -"everyone in a commons seeks to maximize personal gain and will continue to " -"do so even when the limits of the commons are reached. The commons is then " -"tragically depleted to the point where it can no longer support anyone. " -"Hardin’s essay became widely accepted as an economic truism and a " -"justification for private property and free markets." -msgstr "" -"La sobreexplotación fue el tema de el influyente ensayo de Garret Hardin, «" -"La tragedia de los comunes,» publicado en la revista Science en 1968. Hardin " -"argumenta que, en un bien común, todos buscan maximizar la ganancia personal " -"y continuar haciéndolo incluso cuando se alcanzan los limites del bien " -"comunal. Éste es entonces trágicamente agotado al punto en el que ya no " +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:862 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Overexploitation was the topic of Garrett Hardin’s influential essay “The " +#| "Tragedy of the Commons,” published in Science in 1968. Hardin argues that " +#| "everyone in a commons seeks to maximize personal gain and will continue " +#| "to do so even when the limits of the commons are reached. The commons is " +#| "then tragically depleted to the point where it can no longer support " +#| "anyone. Hardin’s essay became widely accepted as an economic truism and a " +#| "justification for private property and free markets." +msgid "" +"Overexploitation was the topic of Garrett Hardin’s influential essay " +"<quote>The Tragedy of the Commons,</quote> published in Science in 1968. " +"Hardin argues that everyone in a commons seeks to maximize personal gain and " +"will continue to do so even when the limits of the commons are reached. The " +"commons is then tragically depleted to the point where it can no longer " +"support anyone. Hardin’s essay became widely accepted as an economic truism " +"and a justification for private property and free markets." +msgstr "" +"La sobreexplotación fue el tema de el influyente ensayo de Garret Hardin, " +"«La tragedia de los comunes,» publicado en la revista Science en 1968. " +"Hardin argumenta que, en un bien común, todos buscan maximizar la ganancia " +"personal y continuar haciéndolo incluso cuando se alcanzan los limites del " +"bien comunal. Éste es entonces trágicamente agotado al punto en el que ya no " "puede soportar a nadie. El ensayo de Hardin se volvió aceptado de forma " "extensa como cierto y una justificación para la propiedad privada y los " "libre mercados." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:887 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:890 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Brett M. Frischmann, Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg, " +#| "“Governing Knowledge Commons,” in Frischmann, Madison, and Strandburg " +#| "Governing Knowledge Commons, 12." msgid "" "Brett M. Frischmann, Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg, " -"“Governing Knowledge Commons,” in Frischmann, Madison, and Strandburg " -"Governing Knowledge Commons, 12." +"<quote>Governing Knowledge Commons,</quote> in Frischmann, Madison, and " +"Strandburg Governing Knowledge Commons, 12." msgstr "" "Brett M. Frischmann, Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg, " "“Governing Knowledge Commons,” en Frischmann, Madison, and Strandburg " "Governing Knowledge Commons, 12." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:870 -msgid "" -"However, there is one serious flaw with Hardin’s “The Tragedy of the " -"Commons”—it’s fiction. Hardin did not actually study how real commons work. " -"Elinor Ostrom won the 2009 Nobel Prize in economics for her work studying " -"different commons all around the world. Ostrom’s work shows that natural " -"resource commons can be successfully managed by local communities without " -"any regulation by central authorities or without privatization. Government " -"and privatization are not the only two choices. There is a third way: " -"management by the people, where those that are directly impacted are " +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:873 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "However, there is one serious flaw with Hardin’s “The Tragedy of the " +#| "Commons”—it’s fiction. Hardin did not actually study how real commons " +#| "work. Elinor Ostrom won the 2009 Nobel Prize in economics for her work " +#| "studying different commons all around the world. Ostrom’s work shows that " +#| "natural resource commons can be successfully managed by local communities " +#| "without any regulation by central authorities or without privatization. " +#| "Government and privatization are not the only two choices. There is a " +#| "third way: management by the people, where those that are directly " +#| "impacted are directly involved. With natural resources, there is a " +#| "regional locality. The people in the region are the most familiar with " +#| "the natural resource, have the most direct relationship and history with " +#| "it, and are therefore best situated to manage it. Ostrom’s approach to " +#| "the governance of natural resources broke with convention; she recognized " +#| "the importance of the commons as an alternative to the market or state " +#| "for solving problems of collective action.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " +#| "id=\"0\"/>" +msgid "" +"However, there is one serious flaw with Hardin’s <quote>The Tragedy of the " +"Commons</quote>—it’s fiction. Hardin did not actually study how real commons " +"work. Elinor Ostrom won the 2009 Nobel Prize in economics for her work " +"studying different commons all around the world. Ostrom’s work shows that " +"natural resource commons can be successfully managed by local communities " +"without any regulation by central authorities or without privatization. " +"Government and privatization are not the only two choices. There is a third " +"way: management by the people, where those that are directly impacted are " "directly involved. With natural resources, there is a regional locality. The " "people in the region are the most familiar with the natural resource, have " "the most direct relationship and history with it, and are therefore best " @@ -1741,7 +1892,7 @@ msgstr "" "type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:893 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:897 msgid "" "Hardin failed to consider the actual social dynamic of the commons. His " "model assumed that people in the commons act autonomously, out of pure self-" @@ -1763,16 +1914,20 @@ msgstr "" "forma más precisa La tragedia del mercado." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:909 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:913 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Farley and Kubiszewski, “Economics of Information,” in Elliott and " +#| "Hepting, Free Knowledge, 203." msgid "" -"Farley and Kubiszewski, “Economics of Information,” in Elliott and Hepting, " -"Free Knowledge, 203." +"Farley and Kubiszewski, <quote>Economics of Information,</quote> in Elliott " +"and Hepting, Free Knowledge, 203." msgstr "" "Farley and Kubiszewski, “Economics of Information,” en Elliott and Hepting, " "Free Knowledge, 203." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:905 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:909 msgid "" "Hardin’s story is based on the premise of depletable resources. Economists " "have focused almost exclusively on scarcity-based markets. Very little is " @@ -1796,7 +1951,7 @@ msgstr "" "usuales del mercado." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:920 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:925 msgid "" "When it comes to use of state funds to create digital goods, however, there " "is really no justification for artificial scarcity. The norm for state " @@ -1810,23 +1965,23 @@ msgstr "" "ellos." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><textobject><phrase> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:927 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:934 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:932 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:939 msgid "How the market, the state and the commons look today." msgstr "Cómo el mercado, el estado y los bienes comunes se ven al día de hoy." #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:931 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:936 msgid "Pictures/10000201000009C400000515F1CAA15B223F6BAF.png" msgstr "Pictures/10000201000009C400000515F1CAA15B223F6BAF.png" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:941 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:946 msgid "The Digital Revolution" msgstr "La revolución digital" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:943 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:948 msgid "" "In the early days of computing, programmers and developers learned from each " "other by sharing software. In the 1980s, the free-software movement codified " @@ -1838,14 +1993,14 @@ msgstr "" "conjunto de principios y libertades:" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:951 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:956 msgid "The freedom to run a software program as you wish, for any purpose." msgstr "" "La libertad de ejecutar un programa de software de la forma en que desee, " "para cualquier propósito." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:957 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:962 msgid "" "The freedom to study how a software program works (because access to the " "source code has been freely given), and change it so it does your computing " @@ -1856,23 +2011,28 @@ msgstr "" "realice el cómputo como lo requiera cada quién." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:964 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:969 msgid "The freedom to redistribute copies." msgstr "La libertad de redistribuir copias." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:971 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:975 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "“What Is Free Software?” GNU Operating System, the Free Software " +#| "Foundation’s Licensing and Compliance Lab, accessed December 30, 2016, " +#| "<ulink url=\"http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw\"/>." msgid "" -"“What Is Free Software?” GNU Operating System, the Free Software " -"Foundation’s Licensing and Compliance Lab, accessed December 30, 2016, " -"<ulink url=\"http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw\"/>." +"<quote>What Is Free Software?</quote> GNU Operating System, the Free " +"Software Foundation’s Licensing and Compliance Lab, accessed December 30, " +"2016, <ulink url=\"http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw\"/>." msgstr "" "“What Is Free Software?” GNU Operating System, el Free Software Foundation’s " "Licensing and Compliance Lab, accesado el 30 de diciembre de 2016, <ulink " "url=\"http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw\"/>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:969 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:974 msgid "" "The freedom to distribute copies of your modified versions to others." "<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" @@ -1881,7 +2041,7 @@ msgstr "" "<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:980 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:984 msgid "" "These principles and freedoms constitute a set of norms and rules that " "typify a digital commons." @@ -1890,15 +2050,19 @@ msgstr "" "tipifican un bien común digital." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:995 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:999 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Wikipedia, s.v. “Open-source software,” last modified November 22, 2016." msgid "" -"Wikipedia, s.v. “Open-source software,” last modified November 22, 2016." +"Wikipedia, s.v. <quote>Open-source software,</quote> last modified November " +"22, 2016." msgstr "" "Wikipedia, s.v. “Open-source software,” última modificación 22 de noviembre " "de 2016." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:984 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:988 msgid "" "In the late 1990s, to make the sharing of source code and collaboration more " "appealing to companies, the open-source-software initiative converted these " @@ -1929,12 +2093,18 @@ msgstr "" "propietario sobre los protocolos centrales de Internet." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1010 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1014 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Eric S. Raymond, “The Magic Cauldron,” in The Cathedral and the Bazaar: " +#| "Musings on Linux and Open Source by an Accidental Revolutionary, rev. ed. " +#| "(Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, 2001), <ulink url=\"http://www.catb.org/" +#| "esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/\"/>." msgid "" -"Eric S. Raymond, “The Magic Cauldron,” in The Cathedral and the Bazaar: " -"Musings on Linux and Open Source by an Accidental Revolutionary, rev. ed. " -"(Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, 2001), <ulink url=\"http://www.catb.org/esr/" -"writings/cathedral-bazaar/\"/>." +"Eric S. Raymond, <quote>The Magic Cauldron,</quote> in The Cathedral and the " +"Bazaar: Musings on Linux and Open Source by an Accidental Revolutionary, " +"rev. ed. (Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, 2001), <ulink url=\"http://www." +"catb.org/esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/\"/>." msgstr "" "Eric S. Raymond, “The Magic Cauldron,” en The Cathedral and the Bazaar: " "Musings on Linux and Open Source by an Accidental Revolutionary, rev. ed. " @@ -1942,16 +2112,26 @@ msgstr "" "writings/cathedral-bazaar/\"/>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1002 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1006 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "While open-source software functions as a commons, many businesses and " +#| "markets did build up around it. Business models based on the licenses and " +#| "standards of open-source software evolved alongside organizations that " +#| "managed software code on principles of abundance rather than scarcity. " +#| "Eric Raymond’s essay “The Magic Cauldron” does a great job of analyzing " +#| "the economics and business models associated with open-source software." +#| "<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> These models can provide " +#| "examples of sustainable approaches for those Made with Creative Commons." msgid "" "While open-source software functions as a commons, many businesses and " "markets did build up around it. Business models based on the licenses and " "standards of open-source software evolved alongside organizations that " "managed software code on principles of abundance rather than scarcity. Eric " -"Raymond’s essay “The Magic Cauldron” does a great job of analyzing the " -"economics and business models associated with open-source software." -"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> These models can provide examples " -"of sustainable approaches for those Made with Creative Commons." +"Raymond’s essay <quote>The Magic Cauldron</quote> does a great job of " +"analyzing the economics and business models associated with open-source " +"software.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> These models can provide " +"examples of sustainable approaches for those Made with Creative Commons." msgstr "" "Al tiempo que los programas de código abierto funcionan como un bien común, " "muchos negocios y mercados se construyeron a su alrededor. Los modelos de " @@ -1965,7 +2145,7 @@ msgstr "" "Commons_." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1019 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1023 msgid "" "It isn’t just about an abundant availability of digital assets but also " "about abundance of participation. The growth of personal computing, " @@ -1991,7 +2171,7 @@ msgstr "" "accesarlo y usarlo sin el permiso del creador." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1038 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1042 msgid "" "New York Times Customer Insight Group, The Psychology of Sharing: Why Do " "People Share Online? (New York: New York Times Customer Insight Group, " @@ -2002,7 +2182,7 @@ msgstr "" "2011), <ulink url=\"http://www.iab.net/media/file/POSWhitePaper.pdf\"/>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1032 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1036 msgid "" "But people like to share. One of the ways we define ourselves is by sharing " "valuable and entertaining content. Doing so grows and nourishes " @@ -2018,12 +2198,12 @@ msgstr "" "<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1046 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1050 msgid "The Birth of Creative Commons" msgstr "El nacimiento de Creative Commons" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1048 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1052 msgid "" "In 2001, Creative Commons was created as a nonprofit to support all those " "who wanted to share digital content. A suite of Creative Commons licenses " @@ -2042,10 +2222,15 @@ msgstr "" "trabajo creativo." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1069 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1072 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "“Licensing Considerations,” Creative Commons, accessed December 30, 2016, " +#| "<ulink url=\"http://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/licensing-" +#| "considerations/\"/>." msgid "" -"“Licensing Considerations,” Creative Commons, accessed December 30, 2016, " -"<ulink url=\"http://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/licensing-" +"<quote>Licensing Considerations,</quote> Creative Commons, accessed December " +"30, 2016, <ulink url=\"http://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/licensing-" "considerations/\"/>." msgstr "" "“Licensing Considerations,” Creative Commons, último acceso el 30 de " @@ -2053,7 +2238,7 @@ msgstr "" "licensing-considerations/\"/>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1057 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1061 msgid "" "Creative Commons licenses have a three-layer design. The norms and rules of " "each license are first expressed in full legal language as used by lawyers. " @@ -2078,13 +2263,13 @@ msgstr "" "legal subyacente. La tercera capa es una intelegible por computadoras, que " "facilita que la Web sepa que un trabajo está licenciado bajo Creative " "Commons al expresar permisos en una forma que sistemas de software, motores " -"de búsqueda y otros tipos de tecnología puedan entender.<placeholder type=\"" -"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Tomadas en conjunto, estas tres capas aseguran que " +"de búsqueda y otros tipos de tecnología puedan entender.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Tomadas en conjunto, estas tres capas aseguran que " "creadores, usuarios e incluso la Web misma entiendan las normas y reglas " "asociadas con contenidos digitales que forman parte del bien común." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1077 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1080 msgid "" "In 2015, there were over one billion Creative Commons licensed works in a " "global commons. These works were viewed online 136 billion times. People are " @@ -2100,7 +2285,7 @@ msgstr "" "educativos, música y otros tipos de audio y vídeos." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1090 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1093 msgid "" "Creative Commons, 2015 State of the Commons (Mountain View, CA: Creative " "Commons, 2015), <ulink url=\"http://stateof.creativecommons.org/2015/\"/>." @@ -2109,7 +2294,7 @@ msgstr "" "Commons, 2015. <ulink url=\"http://stateof.creativecommons.org/2015/\"/>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1085 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1088 msgid "" "Individual artists, photographers, musicians, and filmmakers use Creative " "Commons, but so do museums, governments, creative industries, manufacturers, " @@ -2128,7 +2313,7 @@ msgstr "" "de estudio fueron escogidos buscando reflejar esa diversidad.)" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1098 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1101 msgid "" "Some see Creative Commons as a way to share a gift with others, a way of " "getting known, or a way to provide social benefit. Others are simply " @@ -2152,7 +2337,7 @@ msgstr "" "el movimiento del software libre y de código abierto." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1110 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1113 msgid "" "Over time, Creative Commons has spawned a range of open movements, including " "open educational resources, open access, open science, and open data. The " @@ -2168,18 +2353,23 @@ msgstr "" "de forma libre." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1123 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1126 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Wikipedia, s.v. “Open Government Partnership,” last modified September " +#| "24, 2016, <ulink url=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/" +#| "Open_Government_Partnership\"/>." msgid "" -"Wikipedia, s.v. “Open Government Partnership,” last modified September 24, " -"2016, <ulink url=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Government_Partnership" -"\"/>." +"Wikipedia, s.v. <quote>Open Government Partnership,</quote> last modified " +"September 24, 2016, <ulink url=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/" +"Open_Government_Partnership\"/>." msgstr "" "Wikipedia, s.v. “Open Government Partnership,” última modificación el 24 de " "setiembre de 2016, <ulink url=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/" "Open_Government_Partnership\"/>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1118 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1121 msgid "" "The state is increasingly involved in supporting open movements. The Open " "Government Partnership was launched in 2011 to provide an international " @@ -2204,22 +2394,22 @@ msgstr "" "libres para el público que pagó por ellos." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1134 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1137 msgid "The Changing Market" msgstr "El mercado cambiante" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1142 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1145 msgid "Capra and Mattei, Ecology of Law, 114." msgstr "Capra y Mattei, Ecology of Law, 114." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1150 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1153 msgid "Ibid., 116." msgstr "Ibid., 116." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1136 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1139 msgid "" "Today’s market is largely driven by global capitalism. Law and financial " "systems are structured to support extraction, privatization, and corporate " @@ -2247,10 +2437,15 @@ msgstr "" "de la democracia.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1160 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1163 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "The Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency, “Stockholm " +#| "Statement” accessed February 15, 2017, <ulink url=\"http://sida.se/" +#| "globalassets/sida/eng/press/stockholm-statement.pdf\"/>" msgid "" -"The Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency, “Stockholm " -"Statement” accessed February 15, 2017, <ulink url=\"http://sida.se/" +"The Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency, <quote>Stockholm " +"Statement</quote> accessed February 15, 2017, <ulink url=\"http://sida.se/" "globalassets/sida/eng/press/stockholm-statement.pdf\"/>" msgstr "" "La Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency, “Stockholm " @@ -2258,7 +2453,7 @@ msgstr "" "se/globalassets/sida/eng/press/stockholm-statement.pdf\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1154 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1157 msgid "" "In light of these challenges there is a growing recognition that GDP growth " "should not be an end in itself, that development needs to be socially and " @@ -2274,7 +2469,7 @@ msgstr "" ">" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1171 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1175 msgid "" "City of Bologna, Regulation on Collaboration between Citizens and the City " "for the Care and Regeneration of Urban Commons, trans. LabGov (LABoratory " @@ -2291,7 +2486,7 @@ msgstr "" "cure-and-regeneration-of-urban-commons1.pdf\"/>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1181 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1185 msgid "" "The Seoul Sharing City website is <ulink url=\"http://english.sharehub.kr\"/" ">; for Amsterdam Sharing City, go to <ulink url=\"http://www.sharenl.nl/" @@ -2302,29 +2497,39 @@ msgstr "" "amsterdam-sharing-city/\"/>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1166 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1170 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "These realizations have led to a resurgence of interest in the commons as " +#| "a means of enabling that balance. City governments like Bologna, Italy, " +#| "are collaborating with their citizens to put in place regulations for the " +#| "care and regeneration of urban commons.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" +#| "\"0\"/> Seoul and Amsterdam call themselves “sharing cities,” looking to " +#| "make sustainable and more efficient use of scarce resources. They see " +#| "sharing as a way to improve the use of public spaces, mobility, social " +#| "cohesion, and safety.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" msgid "" "These realizations have led to a resurgence of interest in the commons as a " "means of enabling that balance. City governments like Bologna, Italy, are " "collaborating with their citizens to put in place regulations for the care " "and regeneration of urban commons.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> " -"Seoul and Amsterdam call themselves “sharing cities,” looking to make " -"sustainable and more efficient use of scarce resources. They see sharing as " -"a way to improve the use of public spaces, mobility, social cohesion, and " -"safety.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" +"Seoul and Amsterdam call themselves <quote>sharing cities,</quote> looking " +"to make sustainable and more efficient use of scarce resources. They see " +"sharing as a way to improve the use of public spaces, mobility, social " +"cohesion, and safety.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" msgstr "" "Estas revelaciones ha llevado a un resurgimiento de interés en el los bienes " "comunes como una forma de hacer posible ese balance. Gobiernos de ciudades " "como Bolonia, Italia, están colaborando con sus ciudadanos para establecer " -"regulaciones para el cuidado y regeneración de los bienes comunes urbano.<" -"placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Seúl y Amsterdam se llaman a si " +"regulaciones para el cuidado y regeneración de los bienes comunes urbano." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Seúl y Amsterdam se llaman a si " "mismas «ciudades compartidas», buscando hacerse sostenibles y más eficientes " "en el uso de recursos escasos. Ellas ven el compartir como una forma de " "mejorar el uso de los espacios públicos, la movilidad, la cohesión social y " "la seguridad.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1198 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1202 msgid "" "Tom Slee, What’s Yours Is Mine: Against the Sharing Economy (New York: OR " "Books, 2015), 42." @@ -2333,7 +2538,7 @@ msgstr "" "Books, 2015), 42." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1188 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1192 msgid "" "The market itself has taken an interest in the sharing economy, with " "businesses like Airbnb providing a peer-to-peer marketplace for short-term " @@ -2359,8 +2564,8 @@ msgstr "" "negocio tradicional que busca ganancias financieras. En buena medida, la " "economía compartida no se trata de bienes comunes o de cómo construir una " "alternativa a la economía de mercado dirigida por corporaciones, sino que de " -"extender el libre mercado desregulado hacia nuevas áreas de nuestras vidas.<" -"placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Aunque ninguna de las personas que " +"extender el libre mercado desregulado hacia nuevas áreas de nuestras vidas." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Aunque ninguna de las personas que " "entrevistamos en nuestros casos de estudio se describirían a ellas mismas " "como parte de una economía compartida, de hecho hay algunos paralelismos " "importantes. Tanto la economía compartida como los bienes comunes hacen un " @@ -2371,7 +2576,7 @@ msgstr "" "activo." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1220 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1224 msgid "" "Chris Anderson, Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by Giving " "Something for Nothing, Reprint with new preface. (New York: Hyperion, " @@ -2382,7 +2587,7 @@ msgstr "" "Hyperion, 2010), 78." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1210 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1214 msgid "" "One way Made with Creative Commons case studies differ from those of the " "sharing economy is their focus on digital resources. Digital resources " @@ -2407,7 +2612,7 @@ msgstr "" "a cero.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1226 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1230 msgid "" "Those that are Made with Creative Commons are looking to leverage the unique " "inherent characteristics of digital resources, including lowering costs. The " @@ -2433,7 +2638,7 @@ msgstr "" "son objetivos comunes. El propósito es la abundancia sobre la escasez." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1245 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1249 msgid "" "Jeremy Rifkin, The Zero Marginal Cost Society: The Internet of Things, the " "Collaborative Commons, and the Eclipse of Capitalism (New York: Palgrave " @@ -2444,7 +2649,7 @@ msgstr "" "Macmillan, 2014) , 273." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1240 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1244 msgid "" "The incremental cost of storing, copying, and distributing digital goods is " "next to zero, making abundance possible. But imagining a market based on " @@ -2463,7 +2668,7 @@ msgstr "" "modelos y prácticas económicas." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1253 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1257 msgid "" "Some are looking to minimize their interactions with the market and operate " "as autonomously as possible. Others are operating largely as a business " @@ -2477,7 +2682,7 @@ msgstr "" "opera el mercado." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1267 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1271 msgid "" "Gar Alperovitz, What Then Must We Do? Straight Talk about the Next American " "Revolution: Democratizing Wealth and Building a Community-Sustaining Economy " @@ -2488,7 +2693,7 @@ msgstr "" "from the Ground Up (White River Junction, VT: Chelsea Green, 2013), 39." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1276 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1280 msgid "" "Marjorie Kelly, Owning Our Future: The Emerging Ownership Revolution; " "Journeys to a Generative Economy (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2012), 8–9." @@ -2497,7 +2702,7 @@ msgstr "" "Journeys to a Generative Economy (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2012), 8–9." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1260 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1264 msgid "" "For an ordinary corporation, making social benefit a part of its operations " "is difficult, as it’s legally required to make decisions that financially " @@ -2524,7 +2729,7 @@ msgstr "" "\" id=\"1\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1289 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1292 msgid "" "Alex Osterwalder and Yves Pigneur, Business Model Generation (Hoboken, NJ: " "John Wiley and Sons, 2010). A preview of the book is available at <ulink url=" @@ -2535,14 +2740,22 @@ msgstr "" "en <ulink url=\"http://strategyzer.com/books/business-model-generation\"/>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1282 -msgid "" -"“A book on open business models” is how we described it in this book’s " -"Kickstarter campaign. We used a handbook called Business Model Generation as " -"our reference for defining just what a business model is. Developed over " -"nine years using an “open process” involving 470 coauthors from forty-five " -"countries, it is useful as a framework for talking about business models." -"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1285 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "“A book on open business models” is how we described it in this book’s " +#| "Kickstarter campaign. We used a handbook called Business Model Generation " +#| "as our reference for defining just what a business model is. Developed " +#| "over nine years using an “open process” involving 470 coauthors from " +#| "forty-five countries, it is useful as a framework for talking about " +#| "business models.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +msgid "" +"<quote>A book on open business models</quote> is how we described it in this " +"book’s Kickstarter campaign. We used a handbook called Business Model " +"Generation as our reference for defining just what a business model is. " +"Developed over nine years using an <quote>open process</quote> involving 470 " +"coauthors from forty-five countries, it is useful as a framework for talking " +"about business models.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" "«Un libro acerca de modelos abiertos de negocio» es lo que describimos en la " "campaña de Kickstarter para este libro. Utilizamos un manual llamado " @@ -2553,7 +2766,7 @@ msgstr "" "negocios.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1298 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1302 msgid "" "This business model canvas is available to download at <ulink url=\"http://" "strategyzer.com/canvas/business-model-canvas\"/>." @@ -2562,14 +2775,22 @@ msgstr "" "\"http://strategyzer.com/canvas/business-model-canvas\"/>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1306 -msgid "" -"We’ve made the “Open Business Model Canvas,” designed by the coauthor Paul " -"Stacey, available online at <ulink url=\"http://docs.google.com/drawings/" -"d/1QOIDa2qak7wZSSOa4Wv6qVMO77IwkKHN7CYyq0wHivs/edit\"/>. You can also find " -"the accompanying Open Business Model Canvas Questions at <ulink url=\"http://" -"docs.google.com/drawings/d/1kACK7TkoJgsM18HUWCbX9xuQ0Byna4plSVZXZGTtays/edit" -"\"/>." +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1310 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "We’ve made the “Open Business Model Canvas,” designed by the coauthor " +#| "Paul Stacey, available online at <ulink url=\"http://docs.google.com/" +#| "drawings/d/1QOIDa2qak7wZSSOa4Wv6qVMO77IwkKHN7CYyq0wHivs/edit\"/>. You " +#| "can also find the accompanying Open Business Model Canvas Questions at " +#| "<ulink url=\"http://docs.google.com/drawings/" +#| "d/1kACK7TkoJgsM18HUWCbX9xuQ0Byna4plSVZXZGTtays/edit\"/>." +msgid "" +"We’ve made the <quote>Open Business Model Canvas,</quote> designed by the " +"coauthor Paul Stacey, available online at <ulink url=\"http://docs.google." +"com/drawings/d/1QOIDa2qak7wZSSOa4Wv6qVMO77IwkKHN7CYyq0wHivs/edit\"/>. You " +"can also find the accompanying Open Business Model Canvas Questions at " +"<ulink url=\"http://docs.google.com/drawings/" +"d/1kACK7TkoJgsM18HUWCbX9xuQ0Byna4plSVZXZGTtays/edit\"/>." msgstr "" "Hemos puesto el “Lienzo de modelo de negocio abierto,” diseñado por el " "coautor Paul Stacey, disponible en línea en <ulink url=\"http://docs.google." @@ -2579,17 +2800,30 @@ msgstr "" "d/1kACK7TkoJgsM18HUWCbX9xuQ0Byna4plSVZXZGTtays/edit\"/>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1296 -msgid "" -"It contains a “business model canvas,” which conceives of a business model " -"as having nine building blocks.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> " -"This blank canvas can serve as a tool for anyone to design their own " -"business model. We remixed this business model canvas into an open business " -"model canvas, adding three more building blocks relevant to hybrid market, " -"commons enterprises: social good, Creative Commons license, and “type of " -"open environment that the business fits in.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " -"id=\"1\"/> This enhanced canvas proved useful when we analyzed businesses " -"and helped start-ups plan their economic model." +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1299 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "It contains a “business model canvas,” which conceives of a business " +#| "model as having nine building blocks.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" +#| "\"0\"/> This blank canvas can serve as a tool for anyone to design their " +#| "own business model. We remixed this business model canvas into an open " +#| "business model canvas, adding three more building blocks relevant to " +#| "hybrid market, commons enterprises: social good, Creative Commons " +#| "license, and “type of open environment that the business fits " +#| "in.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> This enhanced canvas proved " +#| "useful when we analyzed businesses and helped start-ups plan their " +#| "economic model." +msgid "" +"It contains a <quote>business model canvas,</quote> which conceives of a " +"business model as having nine building blocks.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " +"id=\"0\"/> This blank canvas can serve as a tool for anyone to design their " +"own business model. We remixed this business model canvas into an open " +"business model canvas, adding three more building blocks relevant to hybrid " +"market, commons enterprises: social good, Creative Commons license, and " +"<quote>type of open environment that the business fits in.</" +"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> This enhanced canvas proved " +"useful when we analyzed businesses and helped start-ups plan their economic " +"model." msgstr "" "Contiene un «lienzo de modelo de negocios,» que concibe un modelo de " "negocios como algo que tiene nueve bloques de construcción.<placeholder type=" @@ -2598,13 +2832,13 @@ msgstr "" "Nosotros lo remezclamos, convirtiéndolo en un lienzo de modelo de negocios " "abierto, agregando tres bloques de construcción más, relevantes para " "empresas de los bienes comunes en el mercado híbrido: Bien social, licencia " -"Creative Commons, y «tipo de ambiente abierto en el que el negocio encaja.»<" -"placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> Este lienzo mejorado demostró ser " -"útil cuando analizamos los negocios y ayudamos a las empresas de nueva " -"creación a planear su modelo económico." +"Creative Commons, y «tipo de ambiente abierto en el que el negocio " +"encaja.»<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> Este lienzo mejorado " +"demostró ser útil cuando analizamos los negocios y ayudamos a las empresas " +"de nueva creación a planear su modelo económico." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1316 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1320 msgid "" "In our case study interviews, many expressed discomfort over describing " "themselves as an open business model—the term business model suggested " @@ -2629,13 +2863,20 @@ msgstr "" "ser planeado cuidadosamente usando un modelo predefinido." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1337 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1342 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "A more comprehensive list of revenue streams is available in this post I " +#| "wrote on Medium on March 6, 2016. “What Is an Open Business Model and How " +#| "Can You Generate Revenue?”, available at <ulink url=\"http://medium.com/" +#| "made-with-creative-commons/what-is-an-open-business-model-and-how-can-you-" +#| "generate-revenue-5854d2659b15\"/>." msgid "" "A more comprehensive list of revenue streams is available in this post I " -"wrote on Medium on March 6, 2016. “What Is an Open Business Model and How " -"Can You Generate Revenue?”, available at <ulink url=\"http://medium.com/made-" -"with-creative-commons/what-is-an-open-business-model-and-how-can-you-" -"generate-revenue-5854d2659b15\"/>." +"wrote on Medium on March 6, 2016. <quote>What Is an Open Business Model and " +"How Can You Generate Revenue?</quote>, available at <ulink url=\"http://" +"medium.com/made-with-creative-commons/what-is-an-open-business-model-and-how-" +"can-you-generate-revenue-5854d2659b15\"/>." msgstr "" "En la columna que publiqué en Medium el 6 de marzo de 2016, ”¿Qué es un " "modelo de negocios abierto y cómo puedes generar ganancias?”, se presenta " @@ -2644,17 +2885,30 @@ msgstr "" "is-an-open-business-model-and-how-can-you-generate-revenue-5854d2659b15\"/>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1329 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1333 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "The creators, businesses, and organizations we profile all engage with " +#| "the market to generate revenue in some way. The ways in which this is " +#| "done vary widely. Donations, pay what you can, memberships, “digital for " +#| "free but physical for a fee,” crowdfunding, matchmaking, value-add " +#| "services, patrons . . . the list goes on and on. (Initial description of " +#| "how to earn revenue available through reference note. For latest thinking " +#| "see How to Bring In Money in the next section.)<placeholder type=" +#| "\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> There is no single magic bullet, and each " +#| "endeavor has devised ways that work for them. Most make use of more than " +#| "one way. Diversifying revenue streams lowers risk and provides multiple " +#| "paths to sustainability." msgid "" "The creators, businesses, and organizations we profile all engage with the " "market to generate revenue in some way. The ways in which this is done vary " -"widely. Donations, pay what you can, memberships, “digital for free but " -"physical for a fee,” crowdfunding, matchmaking, value-add services, " -"patrons . . . the list goes on and on. (Initial description of how to earn " -"revenue available through reference note. For latest thinking see How to " -"Bring In Money in the next section.)<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/" -"> There is no single magic bullet, and each endeavor has devised ways that " -"work for them. Most make use of more than one way. Diversifying revenue " +"widely. Donations, pay what you can, memberships, <quote>digital for free " +"but physical for a fee,</quote> crowdfunding, matchmaking, value-add " +"services, patrons . . . the list goes on and on. (Initial description of how " +"to earn revenue available through reference note. For latest thinking see " +"How to Bring In Money in the next section.)<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" +"\"0\"/> There is no single magic bullet, and each endeavor has devised ways " +"that work for them. Most make use of more than one way. Diversifying revenue " "streams lowers risk and provides multiple paths to sustainability." msgstr "" "Los creadores, negocios y organizaciones que perfilamos, participan en el " @@ -2671,26 +2925,26 @@ msgstr "" "múltiples caminos hacia la sostenibilidad." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1349 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1354 msgid "Benefits of the Digital Commons" msgstr "Beneficios del bien común digital" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1351 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1356 msgid "" "While it may be clear why commons-based organizations want to interact and " "engage with the market (they need money to survive), it may be less obvious " "why the market would engage with the commons. The digital commons offers " "many benefits." msgstr "" -"Mientras puede parecer claro por qué las organizaciones basadas en los bienes " -"comunes quieren interactuar e involucrarse con el mercado (necesitan dinero " -"para sobrevivir), puede ser menos obvio por qué el mercado podría " +"Mientras puede parecer claro por qué las organizaciones basadas en los " +"bienes comunes quieren interactuar e involucrarse con el mercado (necesitan " +"dinero para sobrevivir), puede ser menos obvio por qué el mercado podría " "involucrarse con los bienes comunes. Los bienes comunes digitales ofrecen " "muchos beneficios." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1357 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1362 msgid "" "The commons speeds dissemination. The free flow of resources in the commons " "offers tremendous economies of scale. Distribution is decentralized, with " @@ -2707,7 +2961,7 @@ msgstr "" "experiencia." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1366 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1371 msgid "" "The commons ensures access to all. The market has traditionally operated by " "putting resources behind a paywall requiring payment first before access. " @@ -2732,7 +2986,7 @@ msgstr "" "inclusividad, equidad y justicia." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1379 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1384 msgid "" "The commons maximizes participation. Resources in the commons can be used " "and contributed to by everyone. Using the resources of others, contributing " @@ -2757,7 +3011,7 @@ msgstr "" "que benefician a la sociedad." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1401 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1406 msgid "" "Henry Chesbrough, Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and " "Profiting from Technology (Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2006), 31–" @@ -2768,7 +3022,7 @@ msgstr "" "44." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1392 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1397 msgid "" "The commons spurs innovation. Resources in the hands of more people who can " "use them leads to new ideas. The way commons resources can be modified, " @@ -2797,7 +3051,7 @@ msgstr "" "con la comunidad." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1410 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1415 msgid "" "The commons boosts reach and impact. The digital commons is global. " "Resources may be created for a local or regional need, but they go far and " @@ -2821,7 +3075,7 @@ msgstr "" "trabajo tanto local como globalmente." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1423 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1428 msgid "" "The commons is generative. Instead of extracting value, the commons adds " "value. Digitized resources persist without becoming depleted, and through " @@ -2846,7 +3100,7 @@ msgstr "" "al público y contribuye al valor del bien común en su totalidad." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1437 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1442 msgid "" "The commons brings people together for a common cause. The commons vests " "people directly with the responsibility to manage the resources for the " @@ -2860,39 +3114,39 @@ msgid "" "connections with those who use and improve them. By functioning on the basis " "of social engagement, not monetary exchange, the commons unifies people." msgstr "" -"Los bienes comunes reúnen a las personas en una causa común. Confieren a " -"las personas directamente la responsabilidad de gestionar los recursos por " -"el bien común. Los costos y beneficios para el individuo están balanceados " -"con los costos y beneficios de la comunidad y para futuras generaciones. Los " +"Los bienes comunes reúnen a las personas en una causa común. Confieren a las " +"personas directamente la responsabilidad de gestionar los recursos por el " +"bien común. Los costos y beneficios para el individuo están balanceados con " +"los costos y beneficios de la comunidad y para futuras generaciones. Los " "recursos no son anónimos ni producidos en masa. Su procedencia es conocida y " "reconocida a través de la atribución y otros medios. Aquellos Hechos con " "Creative Commons generan conciencia y reputación con base en sus " "contribuciones al bien común. El alcance, impacto y sostenibilidad de esas " "contribuciones descansa en gran medida en su habilidad para forjar " "relaciones y conexiones con quienes las usan y mejoran. Al funcionar en la " -"base de un compromiso social, no en un intercambio monetario, el bien " -"común unifica a las personas." +"base de un compromiso social, no en un intercambio monetario, el bien común " +"unifica a las personas." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1452 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1457 msgid "" "The benefits of the commons are many. When these benefits align with the " "goals of individuals, communities, businesses in the market, or state " "enterprises, choosing to manage resources as a commons ought to be the " "option of choice." msgstr "" -"Los beneficios de los bienes comunes son muchos. cuando estos beneficios " -"se alinean con objetivos de individuos, comunidades, negocios en el " -"mercado, o empresas del Estado, escoger la gestión de recursos como un " -"bien común debe ser la opción favorecida." +"Los beneficios de los bienes comunes son muchos. cuando estos beneficios se " +"alinean con objetivos de individuos, comunidades, negocios en el mercado, o " +"empresas del Estado, escoger la gestión de recursos como un bien común debe " +"ser la opción favorecida." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1459 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1464 msgid "Our Case Studies" msgstr "Nuestros casos de estudio" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1461 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1466 msgid "" "The creators, organizations, and businesses in our case studies operate as " "nonprofits, for-profits, and social enterprises. Regardless of legal " @@ -2915,7 +3169,7 @@ msgstr "" "final." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1473 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1478 msgid "" "The case studies are based on the narratives told to us by founders and key " "staff. Instead of solely using financials as the measure of success and " @@ -2931,7 +3185,7 @@ msgstr "" "sostenible es la empresa." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1481 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1486 msgid "" "Our case studies are diverse, ranging from publishing to education and " "manufacturing. All of the organizations, businesses, and creators in the " @@ -2950,7 +3204,7 @@ msgstr "" "físicos. Otros nacen digitales pero pueden convertirse en recursos físicos." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1491 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1496 msgid "" "They are creating new resources, or using the resources of others, or mixing " "existing resources together to make something new. They, and their audience, " @@ -2966,7 +3220,7 @@ msgstr "" "monetarios." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1499 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1504 msgid "" "And as users of Creative Commons licenses, they are automatically part of a " "global community. The new digital commons is global. Those we profiled come " @@ -2979,7 +3233,7 @@ msgstr "" "Construir e interactuar en esta comunidad global conduce al éxito." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1506 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1511 msgid "" "Creative Commons licenses may express legal rules around the use of " "resources in a commons, but success in the commons requires more than " @@ -2995,17 +3249,17 @@ msgstr "" "Las licencias Creative Commons pueden expresar reglas legales alrededor del " "uso de recursos en los bienes comunes, pero el éxito en el bien común " "requiere más que seguir las palabras de la ley y adquirir medios " -"financieros. Una y otra vez oímos en nuestras entrevistas cómo el éxito y " -"la sostenibilidad están ligados a un conjunto de creencias, valores y " -"principios que están por debajo de sus acciones: Dar más de lo que se recibe. " -"Ser abiertos e inclusivos. Agregar valor. Visibilizar las cosas que se están " -"usando del bien común, las que se están agregando, y lo que se está " +"financieros. Una y otra vez oímos en nuestras entrevistas cómo el éxito y la " +"sostenibilidad están ligados a un conjunto de creencias, valores y " +"principios que están por debajo de sus acciones: Dar más de lo que se " +"recibe. Ser abiertos e inclusivos. Agregar valor. Visibilizar las cosas que " +"se están usando del bien común, las que se están agregando, y lo que se está " "monetizando. Maximizar la abundancia. Dar atribución. Expresar gratitud. " "Desarrollar confianza; no explotar. Construir relación y comunidad. Ser " "transparente. Defender el bien común." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1519 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1524 msgid "" "The new digital commons is here to stay. Made With Creative Commons case " "studies show how it’s possible to be part of this commons while still " @@ -3014,16 +3268,16 @@ msgid "" "market or state dominating as primary means of resource management, a more " "balanced alternative is possible." msgstr "" -"Los nuevos bienes comunes digitales están aquí para quedarse. Los casos de estudio de " -"_Hecho con Creative Commons_ muestran cómo es posible ser parte de estos " -"bienes comunes, sin por ello dejar de funcionar dentro de los sistemas del mercado y el " -"Estado. Los bienes comunes generan beneficios que ni el mercado ni el Estado pueden " -"alcanzar por sí mismos. En lugar de que el mercado o el Estado dominen como " -"principales medios de gestión de recursos, una alternativa más balanceada es " -"posible." +"Los nuevos bienes comunes digitales están aquí para quedarse. Los casos de " +"estudio de _Hecho con Creative Commons_ muestran cómo es posible ser parte " +"de estos bienes comunes, sin por ello dejar de funcionar dentro de los " +"sistemas del mercado y el Estado. Los bienes comunes generan beneficios que " +"ni el mercado ni el Estado pueden alcanzar por sí mismos. En lugar de que el " +"mercado o el Estado dominen como principales medios de gestión de recursos, " +"una alternativa más balanceada es posible." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1528 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1533 msgid "" "Enterprise use of Creative Commons has only just begun. The case studies in " "this book are merely starting points. Each is changing and evolving over " @@ -3041,17 +3295,17 @@ msgstr "" "una guía e ideas de cómo trabaja." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1539 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1544 msgid "How to Be Made with Creative Commons" msgstr "Hecho con Creative Commons" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1541 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1546 msgid "Sarah Hinchliff Pearson" msgstr "Sarah Hinchliff Pearson" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1544 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1549 msgid "" "When we began this project in August 2015, we set out to write a book about " "business models that involve Creative Commons licenses in some significant " @@ -3082,7 +3336,7 @@ msgstr "" "público no solo accessarlo, sino también hacer uso de este." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1560 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1565 msgid "" "We analyzed the revenue models, customer segments, and value propositions of " "each endeavor. We searched for ways that putting their content under " @@ -3102,7 +3356,7 @@ msgstr "" "generación de ingresos, definiciones de éxito." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1570 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1575 msgid "" "In fairly short order, we realized the book we set out to write was quite " "different from the one that was revealing itself in our interviews and " @@ -3113,7 +3367,7 @@ msgstr "" "entrevistas e investigaciones." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1575 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1580 msgid "" "It isn’t that we were wrong to think you can make money while using Creative " "Commons licenses. In many instances, CC can help make you more money. Nor " @@ -3131,7 +3385,7 @@ msgstr "" "Creative Commons usando solo una perspectiva de negocio." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1587 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1593 msgid "" "Alex Osterwalder and Yves Pigneur, Business Model Generation (Hoboken, NJ: " "John Wiley and Sons, 2010), 14. A preview of the book is available at <ulink " @@ -3143,15 +3397,26 @@ msgstr "" "generation\"/>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1584 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1589 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "According to the seminal handbook Business Model Generation, a business " +#| "model “describes the rationale of how an organization creates, delivers, " +#| "and captures value.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Thinking " +#| "about sharing in terms of creating and capturing value always felt " +#| "inappropriately transactional and out of place, something we heard time " +#| "and time again in our interviews. And as Cory Doctorow told us in our " +#| "interview with him, “Business model can mean anything you want it to " +#| "mean.”" msgid "" "According to the seminal handbook Business Model Generation, a business " -"model “describes the rationale of how an organization creates, delivers, and " -"captures value.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Thinking about " -"sharing in terms of creating and capturing value always felt inappropriately " -"transactional and out of place, something we heard time and time again in " -"our interviews. And as Cory Doctorow told us in our interview with him, " -"“Business model can mean anything you want it to mean.”" +"model <quote>describes the rationale of how an organization creates, " +"delivers, and captures value.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/" +"> Thinking about sharing in terms of creating and capturing value always " +"felt inappropriately transactional and out of place, something we heard time " +"and time again in our interviews. And as Cory Doctorow told us in our " +"interview with him, <quote>Business model can mean anything you want it to " +"mean.</quote>" msgstr "" "De acuerdo con el manual seminal «Business Model Generation», un modelo de " "negocios «describe la justificación de cómo una organización crea, entrega y " @@ -3163,7 +3428,7 @@ msgstr "" "que uno quiera que signifique.»" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1598 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1605 msgid "" "Eventually, we got it. Being Made with Creative Commons is more than a " "business model. While we will talk about specific revenue models as one " @@ -3176,7 +3441,7 @@ msgstr "" "estudio), lo descartamos como nuestro rubro guía para el libro." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1605 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1612 msgid "" "Admittedly, it took me a long time to get there. When Paul and I divided up " "our writing after finishing the research, my charge was to distill " @@ -3196,7 +3461,7 @@ msgstr "" "de seguir leyendo." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1615 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1622 msgid "" "In every interview, we started from the same simple questions. Amid all the " "diversity among the creators, organizations, and businesses we profiled, " @@ -3219,7 +3484,7 @@ msgstr "" "negocios podría estar un poco desviado." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1627 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1634 msgid "" "But we also started to realize something about what it means to be Made with " "Creative Commons. When people talked to us about how and why they used CC, " @@ -3234,7 +3499,7 @@ msgstr "" "simbolismo detrás de usar CC, y ese simbolismo tiene muchas capas." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1635 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1642 msgid "" "At one level, being Made with Creative Commons expresses an affinity for the " "value of Creative Commons. While there are many different flavors of CC " @@ -3261,16 +3526,27 @@ msgstr "" "compartir." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1649 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1656 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Whether the public makes use of the opportunity to copy and adapt your " +#| "work, sharing with a Creative Commons license is a symbol of how you want " +#| "to interact with the people who consume your work. Whenever you create " +#| "something, “all rights reserved” under copyright is automatic, so the " +#| "copyright symbol (©) on the work does not necessarily come across as a " +#| "marker of distrust or excessive protectionism. But using a CC license can " +#| "be a symbol of the opposite—of wanting a real human relationship, rather " +#| "than an impersonal market transaction. It leaves open the possibility of " +#| "connection." msgid "" "Whether the public makes use of the opportunity to copy and adapt your work, " "sharing with a Creative Commons license is a symbol of how you want to " "interact with the people who consume your work. Whenever you create " -"something, “all rights reserved” under copyright is automatic, so the " -"copyright symbol (©) on the work does not necessarily come across as a " -"marker of distrust or excessive protectionism. But using a CC license can be " -"a symbol of the opposite—of wanting a real human relationship, rather than " -"an impersonal market transaction. It leaves open the possibility of " +"something, <quote>all rights reserved</quote> under copyright is automatic, " +"so the copyright symbol (©) on the work does not necessarily come across as " +"a marker of distrust or excessive protectionism. But using a CC license can " +"be a symbol of the opposite—of wanting a real human relationship, rather " +"than an impersonal market transaction. It leaves open the possibility of " "connection." msgstr "" "Ya sea que el público haga uso de la oportunidad de copiar y adaptar su " @@ -3285,7 +3561,7 @@ msgstr "" "conexión." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1661 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1668 msgid "" "Being Made with Creative Commons not only demonstrates values connected to " "CC and sharing. It also demonstrates that something other than profit drives " @@ -3301,7 +3577,7 @@ msgstr "" "del éxito." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1674 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1681 msgid "" "Cory Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: Laws for the Internet " "Age (San Francisco, CA: McSweeney’s, 2014) 68." @@ -3310,18 +3586,30 @@ msgstr "" "Age (San Francisco, CA: McSweeney’s, 2014) 68." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1669 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1676 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "The driving motivation varies depending on the type of endeavor. For " +#| "individual creators, it is most often about personal inspiration. In some " +#| "ways, this is nothing new. As Doctorow has written, “Creators usually " +#| "start doing what they do for love.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" +#| "\"0\"/> But when you share your creative work under a CC license, that " +#| "dynamic is even more pronounced. Similarly, for technological innovators, " +#| "it is often less about creating a specific new thing that will make you " +#| "rich and more about solving a specific problem you have. The creators of " +#| "Arduino told us that the key question when creating something is “Do you " +#| "as the creator want to use it? It has to have personal use and meaning.”" msgid "" "The driving motivation varies depending on the type of endeavor. For " "individual creators, it is most often about personal inspiration. In some " -"ways, this is nothing new. As Doctorow has written, “Creators usually start " -"doing what they do for love.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> But " -"when you share your creative work under a CC license, that dynamic is even " -"more pronounced. Similarly, for technological innovators, it is often less " -"about creating a specific new thing that will make you rich and more about " -"solving a specific problem you have. The creators of Arduino told us that " -"the key question when creating something is “Do you as the creator want to " -"use it? It has to have personal use and meaning.”" +"ways, this is nothing new. As Doctorow has written, <quote>Creators usually " +"start doing what they do for love.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" +"\"0\"/> But when you share your creative work under a CC license, that " +"dynamic is even more pronounced. Similarly, for technological innovators, it " +"is often less about creating a specific new thing that will make you rich " +"and more about solving a specific problem you have. The creators of Arduino " +"told us that the key question when creating something is <quote>Do you as " +"the creator want to use it? It has to have personal use and meaning.</quote>" msgstr "" "La motivación impulsora varía dependiendo del tipo de esfuerzo. Para " "personas creadoras, es por lo general acerca de inspiración personal. En " @@ -3336,7 +3624,7 @@ msgstr "" "Tiene que tener un uso y significado personal.»" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1685 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1693 msgid "" "Many that are Made with Creative Commons have an express social mission that " "underpins everything they do. In many cases, sharing with Creative Commons " @@ -3356,7 +3644,7 @@ msgstr "" "licencia Creative Commons." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1695 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1703 msgid "" "This dynamic is probably one reason why there are so many nonprofit examples " "of being Made with Creative Commons. The content is the result of a labor of " @@ -3376,7 +3664,7 @@ msgstr "" "conexiones humanas es integral para el éxito." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1705 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1713 msgid "" "Even if profit isn’t the end goal, you have to bring in money to be " "successfully Made with Creative Commons. At a bare minimum, you have to make " @@ -3387,16 +3675,26 @@ msgstr "" "suficiente dinero para mantener las luces encendidas." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1710 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1718 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "The costs of doing business vary widely for those made with CC, but there " +#| "is generally a much lower threshold for sustainability than there used to " +#| "be for any creative endeavor. Digital technology has made it easier than " +#| "ever to create, and easier than ever to distribute. As Doctorow put it in " +#| "his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, “If analog dollars have " +#| "turned into digital dimes (as the critics of ad-supported media have it), " +#| "there is the fact that it’s possible to run a business that gets the same " +#| "amount of advertising as its forebears at a fraction of the price.”" msgid "" "The costs of doing business vary widely for those made with CC, but there is " "generally a much lower threshold for sustainability than there used to be " "for any creative endeavor. Digital technology has made it easier than ever " "to create, and easier than ever to distribute. As Doctorow put it in his " -"book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, “If analog dollars have turned " -"into digital dimes (as the critics of ad-supported media have it), there is " -"the fact that it’s possible to run a business that gets the same amount of " -"advertising as its forebears at a fraction of the price.”" +"book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, <quote>If analog dollars have " +"turned into digital dimes (as the critics of ad-supported media have it), " +"there is the fact that it’s possible to run a business that gets the same " +"amount of advertising as its forebears at a fraction of the price.</quote>" msgstr "" "Los costos de hacer negocios varían mucho para aquellos hechos con CC, pero " "por lo general hay un límite mucho menor para la sostenibilidad que el que " @@ -3409,12 +3707,12 @@ msgstr "" "antepasados por una fracción del precio.”" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1727 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1735 msgid "Ibid., 55." msgstr "Ibid., 55." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1722 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1730 msgid "" "Some creation costs are the same as they always were. It takes the same " "amount of time and money to write a peer-reviewed journal article or paint a " @@ -3440,7 +3738,7 @@ msgstr "" "porque es un trabajo por amor." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1739 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1747 msgid "" "Chris Anderson, Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by Giving " "Something for Nothing, reprint with new preface (New York: Hyperion, 2010), " @@ -3451,7 +3749,7 @@ msgstr "" "Hyperion, 2010), 224." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1736 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1744 msgid "" "Distributing content is almost universally cheaper than ever. Once content " "is created, the costs to distribute copies digitally are essentially zero." @@ -3475,26 +3773,41 @@ msgstr "" "personalizado." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1761 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1769 msgid "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 44." msgstr "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 44." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1751 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1759 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "It’s important to recognize that the biggest impact of technology on " +#| "creative endeavors is that creators can now foot the costs of creation " +#| "and distribution themselves. People now often have a direct route to " +#| "their potential public without necessarily needing intermediaries like " +#| "record labels and book publishers. Doctorow wrote, “If you’re a creator " +#| "who never got the time of day from one of the great imperial powers, this " +#| "is your time. Where once you had no means of reaching an audience without " +#| "the assistance of the industry-dominating megacompanies, now you have " +#| "hundreds of ways to do it without them.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" +#| "\"0\"/> Previously, distribution of creative work involved the costs " +#| "associated with sustaining a monolithic entity, now creators can do the " +#| "work themselves. That means the financial needs of creative endeavors can " +#| "be a lot more modest." msgid "" "It’s important to recognize that the biggest impact of technology on " "creative endeavors is that creators can now foot the costs of creation and " "distribution themselves. People now often have a direct route to their " "potential public without necessarily needing intermediaries like record " -"labels and book publishers. Doctorow wrote, “If you’re a creator who never " -"got the time of day from one of the great imperial powers, this is your " -"time. Where once you had no means of reaching an audience without the " +"labels and book publishers. Doctorow wrote, <quote>If you’re a creator who " +"never got the time of day from one of the great imperial powers, this is " +"your time. Where once you had no means of reaching an audience without the " "assistance of the industry-dominating megacompanies, now you have hundreds " -"of ways to do it without them.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> " -"Previously, distribution of creative work involved the costs associated with " -"sustaining a monolithic entity, now creators can do the work themselves. " -"That means the financial needs of creative endeavors can be a lot more " -"modest." +"of ways to do it without them.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" +"\"0\"/> Previously, distribution of creative work involved the costs " +"associated with sustaining a monolithic entity, now creators can do the work " +"themselves. That means the financial needs of creative endeavors can be a " +"lot more modest." msgstr "" "Es importante reconocer que el mayor impacto de la tecnología en esfuerzos " "creativos es que las personas creadoras ahora pueden pagar los costos de " @@ -3512,18 +3825,30 @@ msgstr "" "creativos pueden ser mucho más modestas." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1768 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1776 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Whether for an individual creator or a larger endeavor, it usually isn’t " +#| "enough to break even if you want to make what you’re doing a livelihood. " +#| "You need to build in some support for the general operation. This extra " +#| "bit looks different for everyone, but importantly, in nearly all cases " +#| "for those Made with Creative Commons, the definition of “enough money” " +#| "looks a lot different than it does in the world of venture capital and " +#| "stock options. It is more about sustainability and less about unlimited " +#| "growth and profit. SparkFun founder Nathan Seidle told us, “Business " +#| "model is a really grandiose word for it. It is really just about keeping " +#| "the operation going day to day.”" msgid "" "Whether for an individual creator or a larger endeavor, it usually isn’t " "enough to break even if you want to make what you’re doing a livelihood. You " "need to build in some support for the general operation. This extra bit " "looks different for everyone, but importantly, in nearly all cases for those " -"Made with Creative Commons, the definition of “enough money” looks a lot " -"different than it does in the world of venture capital and stock options. It " -"is more about sustainability and less about unlimited growth and profit. " -"SparkFun founder Nathan Seidle told us, “Business model is a really " -"grandiose word for it. It is really just about keeping the operation going " -"day to day.”" +"Made with Creative Commons, the definition of <quote>enough money</quote> " +"looks a lot different than it does in the world of venture capital and stock " +"options. It is more about sustainability and less about unlimited growth and " +"profit. SparkFun founder Nathan Seidle told us, <quote>Business model is a " +"really grandiose word for it. It is really just about keeping the operation " +"going day to day.</quote>" msgstr "" "Ya sea para una persona creadora o para un esfuerzo más grande, usualmente " "no es suficiente apenas cubrir los gastos si se quiere hacer lo que se hace " @@ -3538,7 +3863,7 @@ msgstr "" "mantener la operación funcionando día a día.»" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1781 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1789 msgid "" "This book is a testament to the notion that it is possible to make money " "while using CC licenses and CC-licensed content, but we are still very much " @@ -3554,23 +3879,28 @@ msgstr "" "operar." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1789 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1797 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "There are, however, plenty of ways in which CC licensing can be good for " +#| "business in fairly predictable ways. The first is how it helps solve " +#| "“problem zero.”" msgid "" "There are, however, plenty of ways in which CC licensing can be good for " "business in fairly predictable ways. The first is how it helps solve " -"“problem zero.”" +"<quote>problem zero.</quote>" msgstr "" "Sin embargo, hay muchas formas en las que el licenciamiento CC puede ser " "bueno para negocios de formas bastantes predecibles. La primera es cómo " "ayuda a resolver el «problema cero.»" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1794 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1802 msgid "Problem Zero: Getting Discovered" msgstr "Problema Cero: ser descubierto" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1801 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1809 msgid "" "Amanda Palmer, The Art of Asking: Or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Let " "People Help (New York: Grand Central, 2014), 121." @@ -3579,7 +3909,7 @@ msgstr "" "People Help (New York: Grand Central, 2014), 121." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1815 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1824 msgid "" "Chris Anderson, Makers: The New Industrial Revolution (New York: Signal, " "2012), 64." @@ -3588,22 +3918,40 @@ msgstr "" "2012), 64." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1796 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1804 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Once you create or collect your content, the next step is finding users, " +#| "customers, fans—in other words, your people. As Amanda Palmer wrote, “It " +#| "has to start with the art. The songs had to touch people initially, and " +#| "mean something, for anything to work at all.”<placeholder type=\"footnote" +#| "\" id=\"0\"/> There isn’t any magic to finding your people, and there is " +#| "certainly no formula. Your work has to connect with people and offer them " +#| "some artistic and/or utilitarian value. In some ways, this is easier than " +#| "ever. Online we are not limited by shelf space, so there is room for " +#| "every obscure interest, taste, and need imaginable. This is what Chris " +#| "Anderson dubbed the Long Tail, where consumption becomes less about " +#| "mainstream mass “hits” and more about micromarkets for every particular " +#| "niche. As Anderson wrote, “We are all different, with different wants and " +#| "needs, and the Internet now has a place for all of them in the way that " +#| "physical markets did not.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> We " +#| "are no longer limited to what appeals to the masses." msgid "" "Once you create or collect your content, the next step is finding users, " -"customers, fans—in other words, your people. As Amanda Palmer wrote, “It has " -"to start with the art. The songs had to touch people initially, and mean " -"something, for anything to work at all.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" -"\"0\"/> There isn’t any magic to finding your people, and there is certainly " -"no formula. Your work has to connect with people and offer them some " -"artistic and/or utilitarian value. In some ways, this is easier than ever. " -"Online we are not limited by shelf space, so there is room for every obscure " -"interest, taste, and need imaginable. This is what Chris Anderson dubbed the " -"Long Tail, where consumption becomes less about mainstream mass “hits” and " -"more about micromarkets for every particular niche. As Anderson wrote, “We " +"customers, fans—in other words, your people. As Amanda Palmer wrote, " +"<quote>It has to start with the art. The songs had to touch people " +"initially, and mean something, for anything to work at all.</" +"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> There isn’t any magic to " +"finding your people, and there is certainly no formula. Your work has to " +"connect with people and offer them some artistic and/or utilitarian value. " +"In some ways, this is easier than ever. Online we are not limited by shelf " +"space, so there is room for every obscure interest, taste, and need " +"imaginable. This is what Chris Anderson dubbed the Long Tail, where " +"consumption becomes less about mainstream mass <quote>hits</quote> and more " +"about micromarkets for every particular niche. As Anderson wrote, <quote>We " "are all different, with different wants and needs, and the Internet now has " -"a place for all of them in the way that physical markets did " -"not.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> We are no longer limited to " +"a place for all of them in the way that physical markets did not.</" +"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> We are no longer limited to " "what appeals to the masses." msgstr "" "Una vez que se crea o colecciona el contenido, el siguiente paso es " @@ -3625,7 +3973,7 @@ msgstr "" "que apela a las masas." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1828 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1838 msgid "" "David Bollier, Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of " "the Commons (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014), 70." @@ -3634,12 +3982,12 @@ msgstr "" "the Commons (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014), 70." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1834 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1845 msgid "Anderson, Makers, 66." msgstr "Anderson, Makers, 66." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1838 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1850 msgid "" "Bryan Kramer, Shareology: How Sharing Is Powering the Human Economy (New " "York: Morgan James, 2016), 10." @@ -3648,21 +3996,37 @@ msgstr "" "York: Morgan James, 2016), 10." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1821 -msgid "" -"While finding “your people” online is theoretically easier than in the " -"analog world, as a practical matter it can still be difficult to actually " -"get noticed. The Internet is a firehose of content, one that only grows " -"larger by the minute. As a content creator, not only are you competing for " -"attention against more content creators than ever before, you are competing " -"against creativity generated outside the market as well.<placeholder type=" -"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Anderson wrote, “The greatest change of the past " -"decade has been the shift in time people spend consuming amateur content " -"instead of professional content.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> " -"To top it all off, you have to compete against the rest of their lives, too" -"—“friends, family, music playlists, soccer games, and nights on the " -"town.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"2\"/> Somehow, some way, you have " -"to get noticed by the right people." +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1830 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "While finding “your people” online is theoretically easier than in the " +#| "analog world, as a practical matter it can still be difficult to actually " +#| "get noticed. The Internet is a firehose of content, one that only grows " +#| "larger by the minute. As a content creator, not only are you competing " +#| "for attention against more content creators than ever before, you are " +#| "competing against creativity generated outside the market as well." +#| "<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Anderson wrote, “The greatest " +#| "change of the past decade has been the shift in time people spend " +#| "consuming amateur content instead of professional content.”<placeholder " +#| "type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> To top it all off, you have to compete " +#| "against the rest of their lives, too—“friends, family, music playlists, " +#| "soccer games, and nights on the town.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" +#| "\"2\"/> Somehow, some way, you have to get noticed by the right people." +msgid "" +"While finding <quote>your people</quote> online is theoretically easier than " +"in the analog world, as a practical matter it can still be difficult to " +"actually get noticed. The Internet is a firehose of content, one that only " +"grows larger by the minute. As a content creator, not only are you " +"competing for attention against more content creators than ever before, you " +"are competing against creativity generated outside the market as well." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Anderson wrote, <quote>The " +"greatest change of the past decade has been the shift in time people spend " +"consuming amateur content instead of professional content.</" +"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> To top it all off, you have " +"to compete against the rest of their lives, too—<quote>friends, family, " +"music playlists, soccer games, and nights on the town.</quote><placeholder " +"type=\"footnote\" id=\"2\"/> Somehow, some way, you have to get noticed by " +"the right people." msgstr "" "Aunque encontrar a «su gente» en línea es en teoría más sencillo que en el " "mundo analógico, como un asunto práctico puede aún ser difícil ser realmente " @@ -3680,12 +4044,27 @@ msgstr "" "llamar la atención de las personas correctas." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1852 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1864 msgid "Anderson, Free, 62." msgstr "Anderson, Free, 62." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1844 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1856 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "When you come to the Internet armed with an all-rights-reserved mentality " +#| "from the start, you are often restricting access to your work before " +#| "there is even any demand for it. In many cases, requiring payment for " +#| "your work is part of the traditional copyright system. Even a tiny cost " +#| "has a big effect on demand. It’s called the penny gap—the large " +#| "difference in demand between something that is available at the price of " +#| "one cent versus the price of zero.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/" +#| "> That doesn’t mean it is wrong to charge money for your content. It " +#| "simply means you need to recognize the effect that doing so will have on " +#| "demand. The same principle applies to restricting access to copy the " +#| "work. If your problem is how to get discovered and find “your people,” " +#| "prohibiting people from copying your work and sharing it with others is " +#| "counterproductive." msgid "" "When you come to the Internet armed with an all-rights-reserved mentality " "from the start, you are often restricting access to your work before there " @@ -3697,8 +4076,8 @@ msgid "" "to charge money for your content. It simply means you need to recognize the " "effect that doing so will have on demand. The same principle applies to " "restricting access to copy the work. If your problem is how to get " -"discovered and find “your people,” prohibiting people from copying your work " -"and sharing it with others is counterproductive." +"discovered and find <quote>your people,</quote> prohibiting people from " +"copying your work and sharing it with others is counterproductive." msgstr "" "Al entrar a la Internet armaos con una mentalidad de todos los derechos " "reservados desde el inicio, con frecuencia está restringiendo el acceso a su " @@ -3716,17 +4095,23 @@ msgstr "" "que lo compartan con otros es contraproducente." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1866 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1878 msgid "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 38." msgstr "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 38." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1862 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1874 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Of course, it’s not that being discovered by people who like your work " +#| "will make you rich—far from it. But as Cory Doctorow says, “Recognition " +#| "is one of many necessary preconditions for artistic success.”<placeholder " +#| "type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgid "" "Of course, it’s not that being discovered by people who like your work will " -"make you rich—far from it. But as Cory Doctorow says, “Recognition is one of " -"many necessary preconditions for artistic success.”<placeholder type=" -"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"make you rich—far from it. But as Cory Doctorow says, <quote>Recognition is " +"one of many necessary preconditions for artistic success.</" +"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" "Por supuesto, no es que ser descubierto por personas a las que les gusta su " "trabajo le hará rico—lejos de eso. Pero como Cory Doctorow dice, «El " @@ -3734,7 +4119,7 @@ msgstr "" "artístico.»<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1870 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1882 msgid "" "Choosing not to spend time and energy restricting access to your work and " "policing infringement also builds goodwill. Lumen Learning, a for-profit " @@ -3755,19 +4140,27 @@ msgstr "" "generado una inmensa cantidad de buena voluntad dentro de la comunidad." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1887 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1900 msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 68." msgstr "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 68." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1881 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1893 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "It is not just that restricting access to your work may undermine your " +#| "social mission. It also may alienate the people who most value your " +#| "creative work. If people like your work, their natural instinct will be " +#| "to share it with others. But as David Bollier wrote, “Our natural human " +#| "impulses to imitate and share—the essence of culture—have been " +#| "criminalized.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgid "" "It is not just that restricting access to your work may undermine your " "social mission. It also may alienate the people who most value your creative " "work. If people like your work, their natural instinct will be to share it " -"with others. But as David Bollier wrote, “Our natural human impulses to " -"imitate and share—the essence of culture—have been " -"criminalized.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"with others. But as David Bollier wrote, <quote>Our natural human impulses " +"to imitate and share—the essence of culture—have been criminalized.</" +"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" "No es solo que restringir el acceso a su trabajo puede socavar su misión " "social. También puede alienar a las personas que más valoran su trabajo " @@ -3777,7 +4170,7 @@ msgstr "" "criminalizados.»<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1891 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1904 msgid "" "The fact that copying can carry criminal penalties undoubtedly deters " "copying it, but copying with the click of a button is too easy and " @@ -3795,20 +4188,34 @@ msgstr "" "creativo no tiene impacto en la capacidad de nadie más para usarlo." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1900 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1913 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "If you take some amount of copying and sharing your work as a given, you " +#| "can invest your time and resources elsewhere, rather than wasting them on " +#| "playing a cat and mouse game with people who want to copy and share your " +#| "work. Lizzy Jongma from the Rijksmuseum said, “We could spend a lot of " +#| "money trying to protect works, but people are going to do it anyway. And " +#| "they will use bad-quality versions.” Instead, they started releasing high-" +#| "resolution digital copies of their collection into the public domain and " +#| "making them available for free on their website. For them, sharing was a " +#| "form of quality control over the copies that were inevitably being shared " +#| "online. Doing this meant forgoing the revenue they previously got from " +#| "selling digital images. But Lizzy says that was a small price to pay for " +#| "all of the opportunities that sharing unlocked for them." msgid "" "If you take some amount of copying and sharing your work as a given, you can " "invest your time and resources elsewhere, rather than wasting them on " "playing a cat and mouse game with people who want to copy and share your " -"work. Lizzy Jongma from the Rijksmuseum said, “We could spend a lot of money " -"trying to protect works, but people are going to do it anyway. And they will " -"use bad-quality versions.” Instead, they started releasing high-resolution " -"digital copies of their collection into the public domain and making them " -"available for free on their website. For them, sharing was a form of quality " -"control over the copies that were inevitably being shared online. Doing this " -"meant forgoing the revenue they previously got from selling digital images. " -"But Lizzy says that was a small price to pay for all of the opportunities " -"that sharing unlocked for them." +"work. Lizzy Jongma from the Rijksmuseum said, <quote>We could spend a lot of " +"money trying to protect works, but people are going to do it anyway. And " +"they will use bad-quality versions.</quote> Instead, they started releasing " +"high-resolution digital copies of their collection into the public domain " +"and making them available for free on their website. For them, sharing was a " +"form of quality control over the copies that were inevitably being shared " +"online. Doing this meant forgoing the revenue they previously got from " +"selling digital images. But Lizzy says that was a small price to pay for all " +"of the opportunities that sharing unlocked for them." msgstr "" "Si da por sentado cierta cantidad de copias e intercambio de su trabajo, " "puede investir su tiempo y recursos en otra cosa, en lugar de gastarlos " @@ -3825,20 +4232,29 @@ msgstr "" "todas las oportunidades que el compartir desbloqueó para ellos." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1920 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1933 msgid "Anderson, Free, 86." msgstr "Anderson, Free, 86." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1916 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1929 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Being Made with Creative Commons means you stop thinking about ways to " +#| "artificially make your content scarce, and instead leverage it as the " +#| "potentially abundant resource it is.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" +#| "\"0\"/> When you see information abundance as a feature, not a bug, you " +#| "start thinking about the ways to use the idling capacity of your content " +#| "to your advantage. As my friend and colleague Eric Steuer once said, " +#| "“Using CC licenses shows you get the Internet.”" msgid "" "Being Made with Creative Commons means you stop thinking about ways to " "artificially make your content scarce, and instead leverage it as the " "potentially abundant resource it is.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/" "> When you see information abundance as a feature, not a bug, you start " "thinking about the ways to use the idling capacity of your content to your " -"advantage. As my friend and colleague Eric Steuer once said, “Using CC " -"licenses shows you get the Internet.”" +"advantage. As my friend and colleague Eric Steuer once said, <quote>Using CC " +"licenses shows you get the Internet.</quote>" msgstr "" "Ser _Hecho con Creative Commons_ significa dejar de pensar sobre formas de " "hacer su contenido artificialmente escaso, y en lugar de eso aprovecharlo " @@ -3850,12 +4266,12 @@ msgstr "" "Internet.»" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1931 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1944 msgid "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 144." msgstr "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 144." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1928 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1941 msgid "" "Cory Doctorow says it costs him nothing when other people make copies of his " "work, and it opens the possibility that he might get something in return." @@ -3878,7 +4294,7 @@ msgstr "" "con su trabajo que nunca hubieran podido hacer de otra manera." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1941 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1954 msgid "" "There are all kinds of way to leverage the power of sharing and remix to " "your benefit. Here are a few." @@ -3887,12 +4303,23 @@ msgstr "" "beneficio. Aquí hay unas cuantas." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1945 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1958 msgid "Use CC to grow a larger audience" msgstr "Usar CC para generar una audiencia más grande" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1947 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1960 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Putting a Creative Commons license on your content won’t make it " +#| "automatically go viral, but eliminating legal barriers to copying the " +#| "work certainly can’t hurt the chances that your work will be shared. The " +#| "CC license symbolizes that sharing is welcome. It can act as a little tap " +#| "on the shoulder to those who come across the work—a nudge to copy the " +#| "work if they have any inkling of doing so. All things being equal, if one " +#| "piece of content has a sign that says Share and the other says Don’t " +#| "Share (which is what “©” means), which do you think people are more " +#| "likely to share?" msgid "" "Putting a Creative Commons license on your content won’t make it " "automatically go viral, but eliminating legal barriers to copying the work " @@ -3901,7 +4328,8 @@ msgid "" "the shoulder to those who come across the work—a nudge to copy the work if " "they have any inkling of doing so. All things being equal, if one piece of " "content has a sign that says Share and the other says Don’t Share (which is " -"what “©” means), which do you think people are more likely to share?" +"what <quote>©</quote> means), which do you think people are more likely to " +"share?" msgstr "" "El poner una licencia Creative Commons en su contenido no lo hará viral de " "forma automática, pero eliminar barreras legales para copiar su trabajo " @@ -3914,7 +4342,7 @@ msgstr "" "«©» significa), ¿cuál cree que sea más probable que las personas compartan?" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1959 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1972 msgid "" "The Conversation is an online news site with in-depth articles written by " "academics who are experts on particular topics. All of the articles are CC-" @@ -3930,24 +4358,37 @@ msgstr "" "alcanzar tantas personas lectoras como sea posible." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1975 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1989 msgid "Anderson, Free, 123." msgstr "Anderson, Free, 123." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1968 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1981 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "The idea that more eyeballs equates with more success is a form of the " +#| "max strategy, adopted by Google and other technology companies. According " +#| "to Google’s Eric Schmidt, the idea is simple: “Take whatever it is you " +#| "are doing and do it at the max in terms of distribution. The other way of " +#| "saying this is that since marginal cost of distribution is free, you " +#| "might as well put things everywhere.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" +#| "\"0\"/> This strategy is what often motivates companies to make their " +#| "products and services free (i.e., no cost), but the same logic applies to " +#| "making content freely shareable. Because CC-licensed content is free (as " +#| "in cost) and can be freely copied, CC licensing makes it even more " +#| "accessible and likely to spread." msgid "" "The idea that more eyeballs equates with more success is a form of the max " "strategy, adopted by Google and other technology companies. According to " -"Google’s Eric Schmidt, the idea is simple: “Take whatever it is you are " -"doing and do it at the max in terms of distribution. The other way of saying " -"this is that since marginal cost of distribution is free, you might as well " -"put things everywhere.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> This " -"strategy is what often motivates companies to make their products and " -"services free (i.e., no cost), but the same logic applies to making content " -"freely shareable. Because CC-licensed content is free (as in cost) and can " -"be freely copied, CC licensing makes it even more accessible and likely to " -"spread." +"Google’s Eric Schmidt, the idea is simple: <quote>Take whatever it is you " +"are doing and do it at the max in terms of distribution. The other way of " +"saying this is that since marginal cost of distribution is free, you might " +"as well put things everywhere.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" +"\"0\"/> This strategy is what often motivates companies to make their " +"products and services free (i.e., no cost), but the same logic applies to " +"making content freely shareable. Because CC-licensed content is free (as in " +"cost) and can be freely copied, CC licensing makes it even more accessible " +"and likely to spread." msgstr "" "La idea de que más ojos es igual a más éxito es una forma de la estrategia " "de máximo, adoptada por Google y otras compañías de tecnología. De acuerdo " @@ -3963,17 +4404,17 @@ msgstr "" "accesible y que sea más probable que prolifere." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1989 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2003 msgid "Ibid., 132." msgstr "Ibid., 132." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1994 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2008 msgid "Ibid., 70." msgstr "Ibid., 70." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1984 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1998 msgid "" "If you are successful in reaching more users, readers, listeners, or other " "consumers of your work, you can start to benefit from the bandwagon effect. " @@ -3993,23 +4434,28 @@ msgstr "" "parcial de calidad o utilidad.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1999 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2013 msgid "Use CC to get attribution and name recognition" msgstr "Usar CC para obtener atribución y reconocimiento de nombre" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2013 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2027 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "James Surowiecki, The Wisdom of Crowds (New York: Anchor Books, 2005), " +#| "124. Surowiecki says, “The measure of success of laws and contracts is " +#| "how rarely they are invoked.”" msgid "" "James Surowiecki, The Wisdom of Crowds (New York: Anchor Books, 2005), 124. " -"Surowiecki says, “The measure of success of laws and contracts is how rarely " -"they are invoked.”" +"Surowiecki says, <quote>The measure of success of laws and contracts is how " +"rarely they are invoked.</quote>" msgstr "" "James Surowiecki, The Wisdom of Crowds (New York: Anchor Books, 2005), 124. " "Surowiecki dice, «La medida del éxito de leyes y contratos es qué tan poco " "frecuentemente son invocados.»" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2001 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2015 msgid "" "Every Creative Commons license requires that credit be given to the author, " "and that reusers supply a link back to the original source of the material. " @@ -4042,7 +4488,7 @@ msgstr "" "básicas de justicia, como dar crédito." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2024 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2038 msgid "" "The fact that the name of the creator follows a CC-licensed work makes the " "licenses an important means to develop a reputation or, in corporate speak, " @@ -4069,7 +4515,7 @@ msgstr "" "citando su trabajo." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2038 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2052 msgid "" "Attribution can be about more than just receiving credit. It can also be " "about establishing provenance. People naturally want to know where content " @@ -4096,7 +4542,7 @@ msgstr "" "una parte especial del producto." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2053 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2067 msgid "" "Knowing the source of a work is also critical to ensuring its credibility. " "Just as a trademark is designed to give consumers a way to identify the " @@ -4114,13 +4560,13 @@ msgstr "" "confiable de información es más valioso que nunca." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2063 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2077 msgid "Use CC-licensed content as a marketing tool" msgstr "" "Utilizar el contenido licenciado con CC como una herramienta publicitaria" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2065 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2079 msgid "" "As we will cover in more detail later, many endeavors that are Made with " "Creative Commons make money by providing a product or service other than the " @@ -4138,12 +4584,12 @@ msgstr "" "llevar a la gente al otro producto o servicio." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2087 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2101 msgid "Anderson, Free, 44." msgstr "Anderson, Free, 44." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2074 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2088 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched’s Pinter told us she has seen time and again how " "offering CC-licensed content—that is, digitally for free—actually increases " @@ -4174,7 +4620,7 @@ msgstr "" "\"0\"/> Lo gratuito puede ser una forma de promoción." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2091 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2105 msgid "" "In some cases, endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons do not even " "need dedicated marketing teams or marketing budgets. Cards Against Humanity " @@ -4205,14 +4651,14 @@ msgstr "" "libros de texto de OpenStax)." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2108 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2122 msgid "Use CC to enable hands-on engagement with your work" msgstr "" "Utilizar CC para que otros se comprometan con tu trabajo y participen " "activamente" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2111 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2125 msgid "" "The great promise of Creative Commons licensing is that it signifies an " "embrace of remix culture. Indeed, this is the great promise of digital " @@ -4225,12 +4671,12 @@ msgstr "" "para la participación pública en el trabajo creativo." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2125 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2139 msgid "Osterwalder and Pigneur, Business Model Generation, 23." msgstr "Osterwalder y Pigneur, Business Model Generation, 23." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2118 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2132 msgid "" "Four of the six CC licenses enable reusers to take apart, build upon, or " "otherwise adapt the work. Depending on the context, adaptation can mean " @@ -4255,22 +4701,22 @@ msgstr "" "foto es menos importante." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2138 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2152 msgid "Anderson, Free, 67." msgstr "Anderson, Free, 67." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2143 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2157 msgid "Ibid., 58." msgstr "Ibid., 58." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2146 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2160 msgid "Anderson, Makers, 71." msgstr "Anderson, Makers, 71." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2151 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2165 msgid "" "Clay Shirky, Cognitive Surplus: How Technology Makes Consumers into " "Collaborators (London: Penguin Books, 2010), 78." @@ -4279,15 +4725,30 @@ msgstr "" "Collaborators (Londres: Penguin Books, 2010), 78." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2133 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2147 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "This is a way to counteract a potential downside of the abundance of free " +#| "and open content described above. As Anderson wrote in Free, “People " +#| "often don’t care as much about things they don’t pay for, and as a result " +#| "they don’t think as much about how they consume them.”<placeholder type=" +#| "\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> If even the tiny act of volition of paying one " +#| "penny for something changes our perception of that thing, then surely the " +#| "act of remixing it enhances our perception exponentially.<placeholder " +#| "type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> We know that people will pay more for " +#| "products they had a part in creating.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" +#| "\"2\"/> And we know that creating something, no matter what quality, " +#| "brings with it a type of creative satisfaction that can never be replaced " +#| "by consuming something created by someone else.<placeholder type=" +#| "\"footnote\" id=\"3\"/>" msgid "" "This is a way to counteract a potential downside of the abundance of free " -"and open content described above. As Anderson wrote in Free, “People often " -"don’t care as much about things they don’t pay for, and as a result they " -"don’t think as much about how they consume them.”<placeholder type=\"footnote" -"\" id=\"0\"/> If even the tiny act of volition of paying one penny for " -"something changes our perception of that thing, then surely the act of " -"remixing it enhances our perception exponentially.<placeholder type=" +"and open content described above. As Anderson wrote in Free, <quote>People " +"often don’t care as much about things they don’t pay for, and as a result " +"they don’t think as much about how they consume them.</quote><placeholder " +"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> If even the tiny act of volition of paying one " +"penny for something changes our perception of that thing, then surely the " +"act of remixing it enhances our perception exponentially.<placeholder type=" "\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> We know that people will pay more for products they " "had a part in creating.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"2\"/> And we know " "that creating something, no matter what quality, brings with it a type of " @@ -4309,20 +4770,29 @@ msgstr "" "<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"3\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2164 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2178 msgid "Ibid., 21." msgstr "Ibid., 21." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2157 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2171 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Actively engaging with the content helps us avoid the type of aimless " +#| "consumption that anyone who has absentmindedly scrolled through their " +#| "social-media feeds for an hour knows all too well. In his book, Cognitive " +#| "Surplus, Clay Shirky says, “To participate is to act as if your presence " +#| "matters, as if, when you see something or hear something, your response " +#| "is part of the event.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Opening " +#| "the door to your content can get people more deeply tied to your work." msgid "" "Actively engaging with the content helps us avoid the type of aimless " "consumption that anyone who has absentmindedly scrolled through their social-" "media feeds for an hour knows all too well. In his book, Cognitive Surplus, " -"Clay Shirky says, “To participate is to act as if your presence matters, as " -"if, when you see something or hear something, your response is part of the " -"event.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Opening the door to your " -"content can get people more deeply tied to your work." +"Clay Shirky says, <quote>To participate is to act as if your presence " +"matters, as if, when you see something or hear something, your response is " +"part of the event.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Opening " +"the door to your content can get people more deeply tied to your work." msgstr "" "Comprometerse activamente con el contenido nos ayuda a evitar el tipo de " "consumo sin sentido que conoce muy bien cualquiera que haya revisado durante " @@ -4334,17 +4804,30 @@ msgstr "" "trabajo." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2170 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2184 msgid "Use CC to differentiate yourself" msgstr "Usar CC para diferenciarse" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2179 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2193 msgid "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 43." msgstr "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 43." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2172 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2186 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Operating under a traditional copyright regime usually means operating " +#| "under the rules of establishment players in the media. Business " +#| "strategies that are embedded in the traditional copyright system, like " +#| "using digital rights management (DRM) and signing exclusivity contracts, " +#| "can tie the hands of creators, often at the expense of the creator’s best " +#| "interest.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Being Made with " +#| "Creative Commons means you can function without those barriers and, in " +#| "many cases, use the increased openness as a competitive advantage. David " +#| "Harris from OpenStax said they specifically pursue strategies they know " +#| "that traditional publishers cannot. “Don’t go into a market and play by " +#| "the incumbent rules,” David said. “Change the rules of engagement.”" msgid "" "Operating under a traditional copyright regime usually means operating under " "the rules of establishment players in the media. Business strategies that " @@ -4355,8 +4838,8 @@ msgid "" "function without those barriers and, in many cases, use the increased " "openness as a competitive advantage. David Harris from OpenStax said they " "specifically pursue strategies they know that traditional publishers cannot. " -"“Don’t go into a market and play by the incumbent rules,” David said. " -"“Change the rules of engagement.”" +"<quote>Don’t go into a market and play by the incumbent rules,</quote> David " +"said. <quote>Change the rules of engagement.</quote>" msgstr "" "Operar bajo un régimen tradicional de derecho de autor a menudo significa " "operar bajo las reglas de los jugadores establecidos en los medios. Las " @@ -4373,23 +4856,30 @@ msgstr "" "David. “Cambia las reglas del juego.”" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2191 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2205 msgid "Making Money" msgstr "Hacer dinero" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2201 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2215 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "William Landes Foster, Peter Kim, and Barbara Christiansen, “Ten " +#| "Nonprofit Funding Models,” Stanford Social Innovation Review, Spring " +#| "2009, <ulink url=\"http://ssir.org/articles/entry/" +#| "ten_nonprofit_funding_models\"/>." msgid "" -"William Landes Foster, Peter Kim, and Barbara Christiansen, “Ten Nonprofit " -"Funding Models,” Stanford Social Innovation Review, Spring 2009, <ulink url=" -"\"http://ssir.org/articles/entry/ten_nonprofit_funding_models\"/>." +"William Landes Foster, Peter Kim, and Barbara Christiansen, <quote>Ten " +"Nonprofit Funding Models,</quote> Stanford Social Innovation Review, Spring " +"2009, <ulink url=\"http://ssir.org/articles/entry/" +"ten_nonprofit_funding_models\"/>." msgstr "" "William Landes Foster, Peter Kim, y Barbara Christiansen, “Ten Nonprofit " "Funding Models,” Stanford Social Innovation Review, Primavera 2009, <ulink " "url=\"http://ssir.org/articles/entry/ten_nonprofit_funding_models\"/>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2193 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2207 msgid "" "Like any moneymaking endeavor, those that are Made with Creative Commons " "have to generate some type of value for their audience or customers. " @@ -4422,20 +4912,29 @@ msgstr "" "reciprocidad." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2222 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2236 msgid "Shirky, Cognitive Surplus, 111." msgstr "Shirky, Cognitive Surplus, 111." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2214 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2228 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Most who are Made with Creative Commons use a variety of methods to bring " +#| "in revenue, some market-based and some not. One common strategy is using " +#| "grant funding for content creation when research-and-development costs " +#| "are particularly high, and then finding a different revenue stream (or " +#| "streams) for ongoing expenses. As Shirky wrote, “The trick is in knowing " +#| "when markets are an optimal way of organizing interactions and when they " +#| "are not.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgid "" "Most who are Made with Creative Commons use a variety of methods to bring in " "revenue, some market-based and some not. One common strategy is using grant " "funding for content creation when research-and-development costs are " "particularly high, and then finding a different revenue stream (or streams) " -"for ongoing expenses. As Shirky wrote, “The trick is in knowing when markets " -"are an optimal way of organizing interactions and when they are " -"not.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"for ongoing expenses. As Shirky wrote, <quote>The trick is in knowing when " +"markets are an optimal way of organizing interactions and when they are not." +"</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" "La mayoría de los que están Hechos con Creative Commons utilizan una " "variedad de métodos para traer ganancias, algunos de ellos basados en el " @@ -4448,7 +4947,7 @@ msgstr "" "\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2226 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2240 msgid "" "Our case studies explore in more detail the various revenue-generating " "mechanisms used by the creators, organizations, and businesses we " @@ -4466,17 +4965,17 @@ msgstr "" "alto de abstracción." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2235 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2249 msgid "Market-based revenue streams" msgstr "Flujos de ingresos basados en el mercado" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2240 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2254 msgid "Osterwalder and Pigneur, Business Model Generation, 30." msgstr "Osterwalder y Pigneur, Business Model Generation, 30." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2247 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2261 msgid "" "Jim Whitehurst, The Open Organization: Igniting Passion and Performance " "(Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2015), 202." @@ -4485,7 +4984,7 @@ msgstr "" "(Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2015), 202." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2237 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2251 msgid "" "In the market, the central question when determining how to bring in revenue " "is what value people are willing to pay for.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " @@ -4505,12 +5004,27 @@ msgstr "" "le provee al producto.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2263 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2277 msgid "Anderson, Free, 71." msgstr "Anderson, Free, 71." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2253 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2267 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "In many ways, this is the way of the future for all content-driven " +#| "endeavors. In the market, value lives in things that are scarce. Because " +#| "the Internet makes a universe of content available to all of us for free, " +#| "it is difficult to get people to pay for content online. The struggling " +#| "newspaper industry is a testament to this fact. This is compounded by the " +#| "fact that at least some amount of copying is probably inevitable. That " +#| "means you may end up competing with free versions of your own content, " +#| "whether you condone it or not.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> " +#| "If people can easily find your content for free, getting people to buy it " +#| "will be difficult, particularly in a context where access to content is " +#| "more important than owning it. In Free, Anderson wrote, “Copyright " +#| "protection schemes, whether coded into either law or software, are simply " +#| "holding up a price against the force of gravity.”" msgid "" "In many ways, this is the way of the future for all content-driven " "endeavors. In the market, value lives in things that are scarce. Because the " @@ -4522,9 +5036,9 @@ msgid "" "or not.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> If people can easily find " "your content for free, getting people to buy it will be difficult, " "particularly in a context where access to content is more important than " -"owning it. In Free, Anderson wrote, “Copyright protection schemes, whether " -"coded into either law or software, are simply holding up a price against the " -"force of gravity.”" +"owning it. In Free, Anderson wrote, <quote>Copyright protection schemes, " +"whether coded into either law or software, are simply holding up a price " +"against the force of gravity.</quote>" msgstr "" "De muchas maneras, este es el camino al futuro para todas las empresas de " "contenido. En el mercado, el valor vive en las cosas que son escasas. La " @@ -4542,21 +5056,33 @@ msgstr "" "gravedad.\"" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2282 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2296 msgid "Ibid., 231." msgstr "Ibid., 231." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2272 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2286 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Of course, this doesn’t mean that content-driven endeavors have no future " +#| "in the traditional marketplace. In Free, Anderson explains how when one " +#| "product or service becomes free, as information and content largely have " +#| "in the digital age, other things become more valuable. “Every abundance " +#| "creates a new scarcity,” he wrote. You just have to find some way other " +#| "than the content to provide value to your audience or customers. As " +#| "Anderson says, “It’s easy to compete with Free: simply offer something " +#| "better or at least different from the free version.”<placeholder type=" +#| "\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgid "" "Of course, this doesn’t mean that content-driven endeavors have no future in " "the traditional marketplace. In Free, Anderson explains how when one product " "or service becomes free, as information and content largely have in the " -"digital age, other things become more valuable. “Every abundance creates a " -"new scarcity,” he wrote. You just have to find some way other than the " -"content to provide value to your audience or customers. As Anderson says, " -"“It’s easy to compete with Free: simply offer something better or at least " -"different from the free version.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"digital age, other things become more valuable. <quote>Every abundance " +"creates a new scarcity,</quote> he wrote. You just have to find some way " +"other than the content to provide value to your audience or customers. As " +"Anderson says, <quote>It’s easy to compete with Free: simply offer something " +"better or at least different from the free version.</quote><placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" "Por supuesto, esto no significa que las empresas de contenido no tengan " "futuro en el mercado tradicional. En Free, Anderson explica como cuando un " @@ -4569,7 +5095,7 @@ msgstr "" "gratuita.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> 1" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2286 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2300 msgid "" "In light of this reality, in some ways endeavors that are Made with Creative " "Commons are at a level playing field with all content-based endeavors in the " @@ -4586,7 +5112,7 @@ msgstr "" "detras de _Hecho con Creative Commons_." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2295 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2309 msgid "" "For content creators and distributors, there are nearly infinite ways to " "provide value to the consumers of your work, above and beyond the value that " @@ -4600,12 +5126,12 @@ msgstr "" "servicio asociado con un costo." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2302 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2316 msgid "Here are the most common high-level categories." msgstr "Aquí hay algunas de la categorias superiores." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2306 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2320 msgid "" "Providing a custom service to consumers of your work <emphasis>[MARKET-" "BASED]</emphasis>" @@ -4614,21 +5140,31 @@ msgstr "" "<emphasis>[BASADO EN EL MERCADO]</emphasis>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2316 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2330 msgid "Ibid., 97." msgstr "Ibid., 97." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2309 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2323 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "In this age of information abundance, we don’t lack for content. The " +#| "trick is finding content that matches our needs and wants, so customized " +#| "services are particularly valuable. As Anderson wrote, “Commodity " +#| "information (everybody gets the same version) wants to be free. " +#| "Customized information (you get something unique and meaningful to you) " +#| "wants to be expensive.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> This can " +#| "be anything from the artistic and cultural consulting services provided " +#| "by Ártica to the custom-song business of Jonathan “Song-A-Day” Mann." msgid "" "In this age of information abundance, we don’t lack for content. The trick " "is finding content that matches our needs and wants, so customized services " -"are particularly valuable. As Anderson wrote, “Commodity information " +"are particularly valuable. As Anderson wrote, <quote>Commodity information " "(everybody gets the same version) wants to be free. Customized information " -"(you get something unique and meaningful to you) wants to be " -"expensive.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> This can be anything " -"from the artistic and cultural consulting services provided by Ártica to the " -"custom-song business of Jonathan “Song-A-Day” Mann." +"(you get something unique and meaningful to you) wants to be expensive.</" +"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> This can be anything from " +"the artistic and cultural consulting services provided by Ártica to the " +"custom-song business of Jonathan <quote>Song-A-Day</quote> Mann." msgstr "" "En esta era de la abundancia de la información, no sufriremos por falta de " "contenido. El truco es encontrar contenido que se ajuste a nuestras " @@ -4642,18 +5178,18 @@ msgstr "" "canción-al-dia\" Mann." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2323 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2338 msgid "Charging for the physical copy <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" "Cobrando por la copia física <emphasis>[BASADO EN EL MERCADO]</emphasis>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2330 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2345 msgid "Anderson, Makers, 107." msgstr "Anderson, Makers, 107." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2326 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2341 msgid "" "In his book about maker culture, Anderson characterizes this model as giving " "away the bits and selling the atoms (where bits refers to digital content " @@ -4698,14 +5234,14 @@ msgstr "" "tradicional." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2354 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2369 msgid "Charging for the in-person version <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" "Cobrando por la versión en persona <emphasis>[BASADA EN EL MERCADO]</" "emphasis>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2357 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2372 msgid "" "As anyone who has ever gone to a concert will tell you, experiencing " "creativity in person is a completely different experience from consuming a " @@ -4724,12 +5260,12 @@ msgstr "" "capacitación." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2368 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2383 msgid "Selling merchandise <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "Vendiendo mercancia <emphasis>[BASADO EN EL MERCADO]</emphasis>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2371 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2386 msgid "" "In many cases, people who like your work will pay for products demonstrating " "a connection to your work. As a child of the 1980s, I can personally attest " @@ -4742,12 +5278,12 @@ msgstr "" "Esto puede ser un flujo de ganancias importante para galerias y museos." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2388 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2403 msgid "Osterwalder and Pigneur, Business Model Generation, 89." msgstr "Osterwalder y Pigneur, Business Model Generation, 89." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2378 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2393 msgid "" "Sometimes the way to find a market-based revenue stream is by providing " "value to people other than those who consume your CC-licensed content. In " @@ -4775,24 +5311,24 @@ msgstr "" "proveer." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2395 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2410 msgid "Charging advertisers or sponsors <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" "Cobrando a los anunciantes o promotores <emphasis>[BASADO EN EL MERCADO]</" "emphasis>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2403 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2418 msgid "Ibid., 92." msgstr "Ibid., 92." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2407 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2422 msgid "Anderson, Free, 142." msgstr "Anderson, Free, 142." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2398 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2413 msgid "" "The traditional model of subsidizing free content is advertising. In this " "version of multi-sided platforms, advertisers pay for the opportunity to " @@ -4820,24 +5356,35 @@ msgstr "" "particular, o de toda la empresa." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2416 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2431 msgid "Charging your content creators <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" "Cobrando a los creadores de contenido <emphasis>[BASADO EN EL MERCADO]</" "emphasis>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2419 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2434 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Another type of multisided platform is where the content creators " +#| "themselves pay to be featured on the platform. Obviously, this revenue " +#| "stream is only available to those who rely on work created, at least in " +#| "part, by others. The most well-known version of this model is the “author-" +#| "processing charge” of open-access journals like those published by the " +#| "Public Library of Science, but there are other variations. The " +#| "Conversation is primarily funded by a university-membership model, where " +#| "universities pay to have their faculties participate as writers of the " +#| "content on the Conversation website." msgid "" "Another type of multisided platform is where the content creators themselves " "pay to be featured on the platform. Obviously, this revenue stream is only " "available to those who rely on work created, at least in part, by others. " -"The most well-known version of this model is the “author-processing charge” " -"of open-access journals like those published by the Public Library of " -"Science, but there are other variations. The Conversation is primarily " -"funded by a university-membership model, where universities pay to have " -"their faculties participate as writers of the content on the Conversation " -"website." +"The most well-known version of this model is the <quote>author-processing " +"charge</quote> of open-access journals like those published by the Public " +"Library of Science, but there are other variations. The Conversation is " +"primarily funded by a university-membership model, where universities pay to " +"have their faculties participate as writers of the content on the " +"Conversation website." msgstr "" "Otro tipo de plataforma multi-cara es donde los creadores de contenido " "mismos pagan para ser exhibidos en la plataforma. Obviamente, este flujo de " @@ -4851,19 +5398,19 @@ msgstr "" "contenido del website de The Conversation." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2433 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2448 msgid "Charging a transaction fee <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" "Cobrando una cuota por transacción <emphasis>[BASADO EN EL MERCADO]</" "emphasis>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2438 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2453 msgid "Osterwalder and Pigneur, Business Model Generation, 32." msgstr "Osterwalder y Pigneur, Business Model Generation, 32." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2436 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2451 msgid "" "This is a version of a traditional business model based on brokering " "transactions between parties.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> " @@ -4887,7 +5434,7 @@ msgstr "" "creador para hacer mobilario basado en uno de los diseños en su plataforma." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2450 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2465 msgid "" "Providing a service to your creators <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" @@ -4895,7 +5442,7 @@ msgstr "" "emphasis>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2453 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2468 msgid "" "As mentioned above, endeavors can make money by providing customized " "services to their users. Platforms can undertake a variation of this service " @@ -4913,13 +5460,13 @@ msgstr "" "reusable y localizable." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2463 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2478 msgid "Licensing a trademark <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" "Licenciando una marca registrada <emphasis>[BASADO EN EL MERCADO]</emphasis>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2466 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2481 msgid "" "Finally, some that are Made with Creative Commons make money by selling use " "of their trademarks. Well known brands that consumers associate with " @@ -4940,12 +5487,12 @@ msgstr "" "mientras se toma ventaja de la abundancia del contenido bajo CC." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2478 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2493 msgid "Reciprocity-based revenue streams" msgstr "Flujos de ingresos basados en la reciprocidad" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2480 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2495 msgid "" "Even if we set aside grant funding, we found that the traditional economic " "framework of understanding the market failed to fully capture the ways the " @@ -4958,7 +5505,18 @@ msgstr "" "hecho dinero. No era simplemente acerca de monetizar la escasez." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2487 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2502 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Rather than devising a scheme to get people to pay money in exchange for " +#| "some direct value provided to them, many of the revenue streams were more " +#| "about providing value, building a relationship, and then eventually " +#| "finding some money that flows back out of a sense of reciprocity. While " +#| "some look like traditional nonprofit funding models, they aren’t charity. " +#| "The endeavor exchange value with people, just not necessarily " +#| "synchronously or in a way that requires that those values be equal. As " +#| "David Bollier wrote in Think Like a Commoner, “There is no self-serving " +#| "calculation of whether the value given and received is strictly equal.”" msgid "" "Rather than devising a scheme to get people to pay money in exchange for " "some direct value provided to them, many of the revenue streams were more " @@ -4967,8 +5525,8 @@ msgid "" "like traditional nonprofit funding models, they aren’t charity. The endeavor " "exchange value with people, just not necessarily synchronously or in a way " "that requires that those values be equal. As David Bollier wrote in Think " -"Like a Commoner, “There is no self-serving calculation of whether the value " -"given and received is strictly equal.”" +"Like a Commoner, <quote>There is no self-serving calculation of whether the " +"value given and received is strictly equal.</quote>" msgstr "" "En vez de divisar un esquema para hacer que la gente pague dinero en " "intercambio por algun valor directo provisto, muchos de los flujos de " @@ -4982,13 +5540,20 @@ msgstr "" "valor dado y recibido sean estrictamente iguales.\"" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2500 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2515 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "This should be a familiar dynamic—it is the way you deal with your " +#| "friends and family. We give without regard for what and when we will get " +#| "back. David Bollier wrote, “Reciprocal social exchange lies at the heart " +#| "of human identity, community and culture. It is a vital brain function " +#| "that helps the human species survive and evolve.”" msgid "" "This should be a familiar dynamic—it is the way you deal with your friends " "and family. We give without regard for what and when we will get back. David " -"Bollier wrote, “Reciprocal social exchange lies at the heart of human " +"Bollier wrote, <quote>Reciprocal social exchange lies at the heart of human " "identity, community and culture. It is a vital brain function that helps the " -"human species survive and evolve.”" +"human species survive and evolve.</quote>" msgstr "" "Esta debería ser una dinámica familiar -- ese es el camino con el que lidias " "con tús amigos y tú familia. Damos sin importarnos el que y cuando " @@ -4998,17 +5563,17 @@ msgstr "" "evolucionar.\"" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2510 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2525 msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 150." msgstr "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 150." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2514 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2529 msgid "Ibid., 134." msgstr "Ibid., 134." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2508 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2523 msgid "" "What is rare is to incorporate this sort of relationship into an endeavor " "that also engages with the market.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> " @@ -5022,7 +5587,7 @@ msgstr "" "intercambio equitativo del valor.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2519 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2534 msgid "" "Memberships and individual donations <emphasis>[RECIPROCITY-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" @@ -5030,7 +5595,7 @@ msgstr "" "emphasis>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2522 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2537 msgid "" "While memberships and donations are traditional nonprofit funding models, in " "the Made with Creative Commons context, they are directly tied to the " @@ -5056,22 +5621,33 @@ msgstr "" "estratega triunfe." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2538 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2553 msgid "The pay-what-you-want model <emphasis>[RECIPROCITY-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" "El modelo paga lo que quieres <emphasis>[BASADO EN LA RECIPROCIDAD</emphasis>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2541 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2556 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "In the pay-what-you-want model, the beneficiary of Creative Commons " +#| "content is invited to give—at any amount they can and feel is " +#| "appropriate, based on the public and personal value they feel is " +#| "generated by the open content. Critically, these models are not touted as " +#| "“buying” something free. They are similar to a tip jar. People make " +#| "financial contributions as an act of gratitude. These models capitalize " +#| "on the fact that we are naturally inclined to give money for things we " +#| "value in the marketplace, even in situations where we could find a way to " +#| "get it for free." msgid "" "In the pay-what-you-want model, the beneficiary of Creative Commons content " "is invited to give—at any amount they can and feel is appropriate, based on " "the public and personal value they feel is generated by the open content. " -"Critically, these models are not touted as “buying” something free. They are " -"similar to a tip jar. People make financial contributions as an act of " -"gratitude. These models capitalize on the fact that we are naturally " -"inclined to give money for things we value in the marketplace, even in " -"situations where we could find a way to get it for free." +"Critically, these models are not touted as <quote>buying</quote> something " +"free. They are similar to a tip jar. People make financial contributions as " +"an act of gratitude. These models capitalize on the fact that we are " +"naturally inclined to give money for things we value in the marketplace, " +"even in situations where we could find a way to get it for free." msgstr "" "En el modelo paga-lo-que-quieras, el beneficiario del contenido bajo " "Creative Commons es invitado a dar —cualquier cantidad que puedan y gusten " @@ -5084,13 +5660,28 @@ msgstr "" "donde podríamos encontrar la manera de obtenerlas gratuitamente." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2554 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2569 msgid "Crowdfunding <emphasis>[RECIPROCITY-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" "Financiamiento Comunitario <emphasis>[BASADO EN LA RECIPROCIDAD]</emphasis>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2557 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2572 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Crowdfunding models are based on recouping the costs of creating and " +#| "distributing content before the content is created. If the endeavor is " +#| "Made with Creative Commons, anyone who wants the work in question could " +#| "simply wait until it’s created and then access it for free. That means, " +#| "for this model to work, people have to care about more than just " +#| "receiving the work. They have to want you to succeed. Amanda Palmer " +#| "credits the success of her crowdfunding on Kickstarter and Patreon to the " +#| "years she spent building her community and creating a connection with her " +#| "fans. She wrote in The Art of Asking, “Good art is made, good art is " +#| "shared, help is offered, ears are bent, emotions are exchanged, the " +#| "compost of real, deep connection is sprayed all over the fields. Then one " +#| "day, the artist steps up and asks for something. And if the ground has " +#| "been fertilized enough, the audience says, without hesitation: of course.”" msgid "" "Crowdfunding models are based on recouping the costs of creating and " "distributing content before the content is created. If the endeavor is Made " @@ -5100,11 +5691,11 @@ msgid "" "They have to want you to succeed. Amanda Palmer credits the success of her " "crowdfunding on Kickstarter and Patreon to the years she spent building her " "community and creating a connection with her fans. She wrote in The Art of " -"Asking, “Good art is made, good art is shared, help is offered, ears are " -"bent, emotions are exchanged, the compost of real, deep connection is " +"Asking, <quote>Good art is made, good art is shared, help is offered, ears " +"are bent, emotions are exchanged, the compost of real, deep connection is " "sprayed all over the fields. Then one day, the artist steps up and asks for " "something. And if the ground has been fertilized enough, the audience says, " -"without hesitation: of course.”" +"without hesitation: of course.</quote>" msgstr "" "Los modelos de financiamiento comunitario estan basados en recolectar el " "costo de crear y distribuir el contenido antes de que el contenido sea " @@ -5123,7 +5714,7 @@ msgstr "" "duda alguna: por supuesto.\"" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2575 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2590 msgid "" "Other types of crowdfunding rely on a sense of responsibility that a " "particular community may feel. Knowledge Unlatched pools funds from major U." @@ -5141,25 +5732,39 @@ msgstr "" "comunidad bibliotecaria y con la idea de acceso abierto general." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2586 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2601 msgid "Making Human Connections" msgstr "Creando Conexiones Humanas" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2588 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2603 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Regardless of how they made money, in our interviews, we repeatedly heard " +#| "language like “persuading people to buy” and “inviting people to pay.” We " +#| "heard it even in connection with revenue streams that sit squarely within " +#| "the market. Cory Doctorow told us, “I have to convince my readers that " +#| "the right thing to do is to pay me.” The founders of the for-profit " +#| "company Lumen Learning showed us the letter they send to those who opt " +#| "not to pay for the services they provide in connection with their CC-" +#| "licensed educational content. It isn’t a cease-and-desist letter; it’s an " +#| "invitation to pay because it’s the right thing to do. This sort of " +#| "behavior toward what could be considered nonpaying customers is largely " +#| "unheard of in the traditional marketplace. But it seems to be part of the " +#| "fabric of being Made with Creative Commons." msgid "" "Regardless of how they made money, in our interviews, we repeatedly heard " -"language like “persuading people to buy” and “inviting people to pay.” We " -"heard it even in connection with revenue streams that sit squarely within " -"the market. Cory Doctorow told us, “I have to convince my readers that the " -"right thing to do is to pay me.” The founders of the for-profit company " -"Lumen Learning showed us the letter they send to those who opt not to pay " -"for the services they provide in connection with their CC-licensed " -"educational content. It isn’t a cease-and-desist letter; it’s an invitation " -"to pay because it’s the right thing to do. This sort of behavior toward what " -"could be considered nonpaying customers is largely unheard of in the " -"traditional marketplace. But it seems to be part of the fabric of being Made " -"with Creative Commons." +"language like <quote>persuading people to buy</quote> and <quote>inviting " +"people to pay.</quote> We heard it even in connection with revenue streams " +"that sit squarely within the market. Cory Doctorow told us, <quote>I have to " +"convince my readers that the right thing to do is to pay me.</quote> The " +"founders of the for-profit company Lumen Learning showed us the letter they " +"send to those who opt not to pay for the services they provide in connection " +"with their CC-licensed educational content. It isn’t a cease-and-desist " +"letter; it’s an invitation to pay because it’s the right thing to do. This " +"sort of behavior toward what could be considered nonpaying customers is " +"largely unheard of in the traditional marketplace. But it seems to be part " +"of the fabric of being Made with Creative Commons." msgstr "" "Independientemente de como hagan dinero, en nuestras entrevistas, " "repetidamente escuchamos lenguaje como \"persuadirlos a comprar\" y " @@ -5175,13 +5780,22 @@ msgstr "" "tradicional. Pero parece ser parte de tejido de _Hecho con Creative Commons_." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2604 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2620 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Nearly every endeavor we profiled relied, at least in part, on people " +#| "being invested in what they do. The closer the Creative Commons content " +#| "is to being “the product,” the more pronounced this dynamic has to be. " +#| "Rather than simply selling a product or service, they are making " +#| "ideological, personal, and creative connections with the people who value " +#| "what they do." msgid "" "Nearly every endeavor we profiled relied, at least in part, on people being " "invested in what they do. The closer the Creative Commons content is to " -"being “the product,” the more pronounced this dynamic has to be. Rather than " -"simply selling a product or service, they are making ideological, personal, " -"and creative connections with the people who value what they do." +"being <quote>the product,</quote> the more pronounced this dynamic has to " +"be. Rather than simply selling a product or service, they are making " +"ideological, personal, and creative connections with the people who value " +"what they do." msgstr "" "Casi todas las empresas que describimos se apoyan, al menos en parte, en " "gente enla que se invierte en lo que ellos hacen. Entre más cercano sea que " @@ -5191,7 +5805,7 @@ msgstr "" "creativas con las personas que valoran lo que ellos hacen." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2612 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2628 msgid "" "It took me a very long time to see how this avoidance of thinking about what " "they do in pure market terms was deeply tied to being Made with Creative " @@ -5202,7 +5816,7 @@ msgstr "" "Creative Commons." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2617 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2633 msgid "" "I came to the research with preconceived notions about what Creative Commons " "is and what it means to be Made with Creative Commons. It turned out I was " @@ -5213,7 +5827,7 @@ msgstr "" "que yo estaba mal en muchos aspectos." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2622 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2638 msgid "" "Obviously, being Made with Creative Commons means using Creative Commons " "licenses. That much I knew. But in our interviews, people spoke of so much " @@ -5235,7 +5849,7 @@ msgstr "" "acompaña a compartir. Tienes que ampliar la óptica." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2633 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2649 msgid "" "Being Made with Creative Commons is not just about the simple act of " "licensing a copyrighted work under a set of standardized terms, but also " @@ -5261,7 +5875,7 @@ msgstr "" "conexiones contigo, con tú trabajoj, con tús valores, con todos." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2647 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2663 msgid "" "The rest of this section will explore some of the common strategies that " "creators, companies, and organizations use to remind us that there are " @@ -5274,12 +5888,12 @@ msgstr "" "con todos. Para recordarnos como es realmente el compartir." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2654 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2670 msgid "Be human" msgstr "Ser humano" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2658 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2674 msgid "" "Dan Ariely, Predictably Irrational: The Hidden Forces That Shape Our " "Decisions, rev. ed. (New York: Harper Perennial, 2010), 109." @@ -5288,7 +5902,7 @@ msgstr "" "Decisions, rev. ed. (New York: Harper Perennial, 2010), 109." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2656 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2672 msgid "" "Humans are social animals, which means we are naturally inclined to treat " "each other well.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> But the further " @@ -5306,7 +5920,7 @@ msgstr "" "hacer fácil que nos olvidemos que estamos tratando con otro ser humano." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2682 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2698 msgid "" "Austin Kleon, Show Your Work: 10 Ways to Share Your Creativity and Get " "Discovered (New York: Workman, 2014), 93." @@ -5315,19 +5929,32 @@ msgstr "" "Discovered (New York: Workman, 2014), 93." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2669 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2685 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "To counteract the anonymous and impersonal tendencies of how we operate " +#| "online, individual creators and corporations who use Creative Commons " +#| "licenses work to demonstrate their humanity. For some, this means pouring " +#| "their lives out on the page. For others, it means showing their creative " +#| "process, giving a glimpse into how they do what they do. As writer Austin " +#| "Kleon wrote, “Our work doesn’t speak for itself. Human beings want to " +#| "know where things came from, how they were made, and who made them. The " +#| "stories you tell about the work you do have a huge effect on how people " +#| "feel and what they understand about your work, and how people feel and " +#| "what they understand about your work affects how they value " +#| "it.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgid "" "To counteract the anonymous and impersonal tendencies of how we operate " "online, individual creators and corporations who use Creative Commons " "licenses work to demonstrate their humanity. For some, this means pouring " "their lives out on the page. For others, it means showing their creative " "process, giving a glimpse into how they do what they do. As writer Austin " -"Kleon wrote, “Our work doesn’t speak for itself. Human beings want to know " -"where things came from, how they were made, and who made them. The stories " -"you tell about the work you do have a huge effect on how people feel and " -"what they understand about your work, and how people feel and what they " -"understand about your work affects how they value it.”<placeholder type=" -"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"Kleon wrote, <quote>Our work doesn’t speak for itself. Human beings want to " +"know where things came from, how they were made, and who made them. The " +"stories you tell about the work you do have a huge effect on how people feel " +"and what they understand about your work, and how people feel and what they " +"understand about your work affects how they value it.</quote><placeholder " +"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" "Para contrarrestar las tendencias anónimas e impersonales de cómo operamos " "en línea, las corporaciones y los creadores individuales quienes usan las " @@ -5343,16 +5970,28 @@ msgstr "" "que te valoran a tí.\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2688 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2704 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "A critical component to doing this effectively is not worrying about " +#| "being a “brand.” That means not being afraid to be vulnerable. Amanda " +#| "Palmer says, “When you’re afraid of someone’s judgment, you can’t connect " +#| "with them. You’re too preoccupied with the task of impressing them.” Not " +#| "everyone is suited to live life as an open book like Palmer, and that’s " +#| "OK. There are a lot of ways to be human. The trick is just avoiding " +#| "pretense and the temptation to artificially craft an image. People don’t " +#| "just want the glossy version of you. They can’t relate to it, at least " +#| "not in a meaningful way." msgid "" "A critical component to doing this effectively is not worrying about being a " -"“brand.” That means not being afraid to be vulnerable. Amanda Palmer says, " -"“When you’re afraid of someone’s judgment, you can’t connect with them. " -"You’re too preoccupied with the task of impressing them.” Not everyone is " -"suited to live life as an open book like Palmer, and that’s OK. There are a " -"lot of ways to be human. The trick is just avoiding pretense and the " -"temptation to artificially craft an image. People don’t just want the glossy " -"version of you. They can’t relate to it, at least not in a meaningful way." +"<quote>brand.</quote> That means not being afraid to be vulnerable. Amanda " +"Palmer says, <quote>When you’re afraid of someone’s judgment, you can’t " +"connect with them. You’re too preoccupied with the task of impressing them.</" +"quote> Not everyone is suited to live life as an open book like Palmer, and " +"that’s OK. There are a lot of ways to be human. The trick is just avoiding " +"pretense and the temptation to artificially craft an image. People don’t " +"just want the glossy version of you. They can’t relate to it, at least not " +"in a meaningful way." msgstr "" "Un componente crítico para hacer esto efectivamente es no preocuparse acerca " "de ser una \"marca\". Eso significa no preocuparse de ser vulnerable. Amanda " @@ -5365,21 +6004,31 @@ msgstr "" "menos no de una manera significativa." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2708 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2725 msgid "Kramer, Shareology, 76." msgstr "Kramer, Shareology, 76." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2700 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2717 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "This advice is probably even more important for businesses and " +#| "organizations because we instinctively conceive of them as nonhuman " +#| "(though in the United States, corporations are people!). When " +#| "corporations and organizations make the people behind them more apparent, " +#| "it reminds people that they are dealing with something other than an " +#| "anonymous corporate entity. In business-speak, this is about “humanizing " +#| "your interactions” with the public.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" +#| "\"0\"/> But it can’t be a gimmick. You can’t fake being human." msgid "" "This advice is probably even more important for businesses and organizations " "because we instinctively conceive of them as nonhuman (though in the United " "States, corporations are people!). When corporations and organizations make " "the people behind them more apparent, it reminds people that they are " "dealing with something other than an anonymous corporate entity. In business-" -"speak, this is about “humanizing your interactions” with the public." -"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> But it can’t be a gimmick. You " -"can’t fake being human." +"speak, this is about <quote>humanizing your interactions</quote> with the " +"public.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> But it can’t be a gimmick. " +"You can’t fake being human." msgstr "" "Este consejo es probablemente más importante para los negocios y las " "organizaciones porque instintivamente los concebimos como no humanos " @@ -5392,32 +6041,44 @@ msgstr "" "simular ser humano." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2714 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2731 msgid "Be open and accountable" msgstr "Sé abierto y responsable" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2723 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2740 msgid "Palmer, Art of Asking, 252." msgstr "Palmer, Art of Asking, 252." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2728 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2745 msgid "Whitehurst, Open Organization, 145." msgstr "Whitehurst, Open Organization, 145." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2716 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2733 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Transparency helps people understand who you are and why you do what you " +#| "do, but it also inspires trust. Max Temkin of Cards Against Humanity told " +#| "us, “One of the most surprising things you can do in capitalism is just " +#| "be honest with people.” That means sharing the good and the bad. As " +#| "Amanda Palmer wrote, “You can fix almost anything by authentically " +#| "communicating.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> It isn’t about " +#| "trying to satisfy everyone or trying to sugarcoat mistakes or bad news, " +#| "but instead about explaining your rationale and then being prepared to " +#| "defend it when people are critical.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" +#| "\"1\"/>" msgid "" "Transparency helps people understand who you are and why you do what you do, " "but it also inspires trust. Max Temkin of Cards Against Humanity told us, " -"“One of the most surprising things you can do in capitalism is just be " -"honest with people.” That means sharing the good and the bad. As Amanda " -"Palmer wrote, “You can fix almost anything by authentically " -"communicating.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> It isn’t about " -"trying to satisfy everyone or trying to sugarcoat mistakes or bad news, but " -"instead about explaining your rationale and then being prepared to defend it " -"when people are critical.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" +"<quote>One of the most surprising things you can do in capitalism is just be " +"honest with people.</quote> That means sharing the good and the bad. As " +"Amanda Palmer wrote, <quote>You can fix almost anything by authentically " +"communicating.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> It isn’t " +"about trying to satisfy everyone or trying to sugarcoat mistakes or bad " +"news, but instead about explaining your rationale and then being prepared to " +"defend it when people are critical.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" msgstr "" "La Transpariencia ayuda a las personas a entender quien eres y porque haces " "lo que haces, pero también inspira confianza. Max Temkin de Cards Against " @@ -5431,17 +6092,17 @@ msgstr "" "\"1\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2737 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2754 msgid "Surowiecki, Wisdom of Crowds, 203." msgstr "Surowiecki, Wisdom of Crowds, 203." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2744 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2761 msgid "Whitehurst, Open Organization, 80." msgstr "Whitehurst, Open Organization, 80." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2732 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2749 msgid "" "Being accountable does not mean operating on consensus. According to James " "Surowiecki, consensus-driven groups tend to resort to lowest-common-" @@ -5471,22 +6132,38 @@ msgstr "" "hacer que la gente se involucre y se interese en lo que hace." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2752 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2769 msgid "Design for the good actors" msgstr "Diseñar para los buenos actores" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2756 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2773 msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 25." msgstr "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 25." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2761 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2778 msgid "Ibid., 31." msgstr "Ibid., 31." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2754 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2771 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Traditional economics assumes people make decisions based solely on their " +#| "own economic self-interest.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Any " +#| "relatively introspective human knows this is a fiction—we are much more " +#| "complicated beings with a whole range of needs, emotions, and " +#| "motivations. In fact, we are hardwired to work together and ensure " +#| "fairness.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> Being Made with " +#| "Creative Commons requires an assumption that people will largely act on " +#| "those social motivations, motivations that would be considered " +#| "“irrational” in an economic sense. As Knowledge Unlatched’s Pinter told " +#| "us, “It is best to ignore people who try to scare you about free riding. " +#| "That fear is based on a very shallow view of what motivates human " +#| "behavior.” There will always be people who will act in purely selfish " +#| "ways, but endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons design for the " +#| "good actors." msgid "" "Traditional economics assumes people make decisions based solely on their " "own economic self-interest.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Any " @@ -5495,12 +6172,12 @@ msgid "" "In fact, we are hardwired to work together and ensure fairness.<placeholder " "type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> Being Made with Creative Commons requires an " "assumption that people will largely act on those social motivations, " -"motivations that would be considered “irrational” in an economic sense. As " -"Knowledge Unlatched’s Pinter told us, “It is best to ignore people who try " -"to scare you about free riding. That fear is based on a very shallow view of " -"what motivates human behavior.” There will always be people who will act in " -"purely selfish ways, but endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons " -"design for the good actors." +"motivations that would be considered <quote>irrational</quote> in an " +"economic sense. As Knowledge Unlatched’s Pinter told us, <quote>It is best " +"to ignore people who try to scare you about free riding. That fear is based " +"on a very shallow view of what motivates human behavior.</quote> There will " +"always be people who will act in purely selfish ways, but endeavors that are " +"Made with Creative Commons design for the good actors." msgstr "" "La economía tradicional asume que la gente toma decisiones basadas " "únicamente en sus propios intereses económicos.<placeholder type=\"footnote" @@ -5518,21 +6195,31 @@ msgstr "" "con Creative Commons están diseñados para los buenos actores." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2779 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2797 msgid "Shirky, Cognitive Surplus, 112." msgstr "Shirky, Cognitive Surplus, 112." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2773 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2791 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "The assumption that people will largely do the right thing can be a self-" +#| "fulfilling prophecy. Shirky wrote in Cognitive Surplus, “Systems that " +#| "assume people will act in ways that create public goods, and that give " +#| "them opportunities and rewards for doing so, often let them work together " +#| "better than neoclassical economics would predict.”<placeholder type=" +#| "\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> When we acknowledge that people are often " +#| "motivated by something other than financial self-interest, we design our " +#| "endeavors in ways that encourage and accentuate our social instincts." msgid "" "The assumption that people will largely do the right thing can be a self-" -"fulfilling prophecy. Shirky wrote in Cognitive Surplus, “Systems that assume " -"people will act in ways that create public goods, and that give them " +"fulfilling prophecy. Shirky wrote in Cognitive Surplus, <quote>Systems that " +"assume people will act in ways that create public goods, and that give them " "opportunities and rewards for doing so, often let them work together better " -"than neoclassical economics would predict.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" -"\"0\"/> When we acknowledge that people are often motivated by something " -"other than financial self-interest, we design our endeavors in ways that " -"encourage and accentuate our social instincts." +"than neoclassical economics would predict.</quote><placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> When we acknowledge that people are often motivated " +"by something other than financial self-interest, we design our endeavors in " +"ways that encourage and accentuate our social instincts." msgstr "" "La presunción de que las personas harán lo correcto una profecía " "autocumplida. Shirky escribió en Cognitive Surplus, \"Los sistemas que " @@ -5545,22 +6232,33 @@ msgstr "" "sociales." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2796 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2815 msgid "Surowiecki, Wisdom of Crowds, 124." msgstr "Surowiecki, Wisdom of Crowds, 124." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2786 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2804 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Rather than trying to exert control over people’s behavior, this mode of " +#| "operating requires a certain level of trust. We might not realize it, but " +#| "our daily lives are already built on trust. As Surowiecki wrote in The " +#| "Wisdom of Crowds, “It’s impossible for a society to rely on law alone to " +#| "make sure citizens act honestly and responsibly. And it’s impossible for " +#| "any organization to rely on contracts alone to make sure that its " +#| "managers and workers live up to their obligation.” Instead, we largely " +#| "trust that people—mostly strangers—will do what they are supposed to do." +#| "<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> And most often, they do." msgid "" "Rather than trying to exert control over people’s behavior, this mode of " "operating requires a certain level of trust. We might not realize it, but " "our daily lives are already built on trust. As Surowiecki wrote in The " -"Wisdom of Crowds, “It’s impossible for a society to rely on law alone to " -"make sure citizens act honestly and responsibly. And it’s impossible for any " -"organization to rely on contracts alone to make sure that its managers and " -"workers live up to their obligation.” Instead, we largely trust that people—" -"mostly strangers—will do what they are supposed to do.<placeholder type=" -"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> And most often, they do." +"Wisdom of Crowds, <quote>It’s impossible for a society to rely on law alone " +"to make sure citizens act honestly and responsibly. And it’s impossible for " +"any organization to rely on contracts alone to make sure that its managers " +"and workers live up to their obligation.</quote> Instead, we largely trust " +"that people—mostly strangers—will do what they are supposed to do." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> And most often, they do." msgstr "" "En vez de tratar de ejercer control sobre el comportamiento de la gente, " "este modo de operar requiere un cierto nivel de confianza. Puede que no nos " @@ -5574,32 +6272,43 @@ msgstr "" "\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Y muy comunmente, lo hacen." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2801 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2820 msgid "Treat humans like, well, humans" msgstr "Trata a los seres humanos como, bueno, humanos" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2806 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2825 msgid "Kleon, Show Your Work, 127." msgstr "Kleon, Show Your Work, 127." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2814 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2833 msgid "Palmer, Art of Asking, 121." msgstr "Palmer, Art of Asking, 121." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2803 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2822 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "For creators, treating people as humans means not treating them like " +#| "fans. As Kleon says, “If you want fans, you have to be a fan " +#| "first.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Even if you happen to be " +#| "one of the few to reach celebrity levels of fame, you are better off " +#| "remembering that the people who follow your work are human, too. Cory " +#| "Doctorow makes a point to answer every single email someone sends him. " +#| "Amanda Palmer spends vast quantities of time going online to communicate " +#| "with her public, making a point to listen just as much as she talks." +#| "<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" msgid "" "For creators, treating people as humans means not treating them like fans. " -"As Kleon says, “If you want fans, you have to be a fan first.”<placeholder " -"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Even if you happen to be one of the few to " -"reach celebrity levels of fame, you are better off remembering that the " -"people who follow your work are human, too. Cory Doctorow makes a point to " -"answer every single email someone sends him. Amanda Palmer spends vast " -"quantities of time going online to communicate with her public, making a " -"point to listen just as much as she talks.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" -"\"1\"/>" +"As Kleon says, <quote>If you want fans, you have to be a fan first.</" +"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Even if you happen to be one " +"of the few to reach celebrity levels of fame, you are better off remembering " +"that the people who follow your work are human, too. Cory Doctorow makes a " +"point to answer every single email someone sends him. Amanda Palmer spends " +"vast quantities of time going online to communicate with her public, making " +"a point to listen just as much as she talks.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " +"id=\"1\"/>" msgstr "" "Para los creadores, tratar a la gente como humanos significa no tratarlos " "como fans. Como dice Kleon, \"Si tu quieres fans, tienes que ser un fan " @@ -5612,7 +6321,7 @@ msgstr "" "tanto como habla.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2818 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2837 msgid "" "The same idea goes for businesses and organizations. Rather than automating " "its customer service, the music platform Tribe of Noise makes a point to " @@ -5624,17 +6333,17 @@ msgstr "" "con los usuarios." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2829 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2848 msgid "Ariely, Predictably Irrational, 87." msgstr "Ariely, Predictably Irrational, 87." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2839 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2858 msgid "Ibid., 105." msgstr "Ibid., 105." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2824 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2843 msgid "" "When we treat people like humans, they typically return the gift in kind. " "It’s called karma. But social relationships are fragile. It is all too easy " @@ -5663,12 +6372,12 @@ msgstr "" "<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2844 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2863 msgid "State your principles and stick to them" msgstr "Establece tus principios y apégate a ellos" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2846 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2865 msgid "" "Being Made with Creative Commons makes a statement about who you are and " "what you do. The symbolism is powerful. Using Creative Commons licenses " @@ -5690,7 +6399,7 @@ msgstr "" "parte de alguna empresa . Regularmente ambas." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2858 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2877 msgid "" "The expression of your values doesn’t have to be implicit. In fact, many of " "the people we interviewed talked about how important it is to state your " @@ -5711,12 +6420,12 @@ msgstr "" "comunidad OER (recursos abiertos educativos) en la que ellos operan." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2873 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2892 msgid "Ibid., 36." msgstr "Ibid., 36." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2869 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2888 msgid "" "When your end goal is not about making a profit, people trust that you " "aren’t just trying to extract value for your own gain. People notice when " @@ -5731,12 +6440,12 @@ msgstr "" "contribuyentes motivados, y construye confianza." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2879 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2898 msgid "Build a community" msgstr "Construye una comunidad" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2887 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2906 msgid "" "Jono Bacon, The Art of Community, 2nd ed. (Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, " "2012), 36." @@ -5745,7 +6454,7 @@ msgstr "" "2012), 36." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2881 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2900 msgid "" "Endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons thrive when community is built " "around what they do. This may mean a community collaborating together to " @@ -5767,29 +6476,43 @@ msgstr "" "los valores que se simbolizan en el uso de CC." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2903 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2922 msgid "Palmer, Art of Asking, 98." msgstr "Palmer, Art of Asking, 98." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2910 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2929 msgid "Whitehurst, Open Organization, 34." msgstr "Whitehurst, Open Organization, 34." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2895 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2914 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "To be sustainable, though, you have to work to nurture community. People " +#| "have to care—about you and each other. One critical piece to this is " +#| "fostering a sense of belonging. As Jono Bacon writes in The Art of " +#| "Community, “If there is no belonging, there is no community.” For Amanda " +#| "Palmer and her band, that meant creating an accepting and inclusive " +#| "environment where people felt a part of their “weird little " +#| "family.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> For organizations like " +#| "Red Hat, that means connecting around common beliefs or goals. As the CEO " +#| "Jim Whitehurst wrote in The Open Organization, “Tapping into passion is " +#| "especially important in building the kinds of participative communities " +#| "that drive open organizations.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" msgid "" "To be sustainable, though, you have to work to nurture community. People " "have to care—about you and each other. One critical piece to this is " "fostering a sense of belonging. As Jono Bacon writes in The Art of " -"Community, “If there is no belonging, there is no community.” For Amanda " -"Palmer and her band, that meant creating an accepting and inclusive " -"environment where people felt a part of their “weird little " -"family.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> For organizations like Red " -"Hat, that means connecting around common beliefs or goals. As the CEO Jim " -"Whitehurst wrote in The Open Organization, “Tapping into passion is " -"especially important in building the kinds of participative communities that " -"drive open organizations.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" +"Community, <quote>If there is no belonging, there is no community.</quote> " +"For Amanda Palmer and her band, that meant creating an accepting and " +"inclusive environment where people felt a part of their <quote>weird little " +"family.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> For organizations " +"like Red Hat, that means connecting around common beliefs or goals. As the " +"CEO Jim Whitehurst wrote in The Open Organization, <quote>Tapping into " +"passion is especially important in building the kinds of participative " +"communities that drive open organizations.</quote><placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" msgstr "" "Sin embargo, para ser sostenible, tiene que trabajar para alimentar a la " "comunidad. La gente tiene que cuidarse—mutuamente y a ti. Una pieza crítica " @@ -5805,29 +6528,43 @@ msgstr "" "\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2922 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2941 msgid "Surowiecki, Wisdom of Crowds, 200." msgstr "Surowiecki, Wisdom of Crowds, 200." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2926 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2945 msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 29." msgstr "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 29." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2914 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2933 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Communities that collaborate together take deliberate planning. " +#| "Surowiecki wrote, “It takes a lot of work to put the group together. It’s " +#| "difficult to ensure that people are working in the group’s interest and " +#| "not in their own. And when there’s a lack of trust between the members of " +#| "the group (which isn’t surprising given that they don’t really know each " +#| "other), considerable energy is wasted trying to determine each other’s " +#| "bona fides.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Building true " +#| "community requires giving people within the community the power to create " +#| "or influence the rules that govern the community.<placeholder type=" +#| "\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> If the rules are created and imposed in a top-" +#| "down manner, people feel like they don’t have a voice, which in turn " +#| "leads to disengagement." msgid "" "Communities that collaborate together take deliberate planning. Surowiecki " -"wrote, “It takes a lot of work to put the group together. It’s difficult to " -"ensure that people are working in the group’s interest and not in their own. " -"And when there’s a lack of trust between the members of the group (which " -"isn’t surprising given that they don’t really know each other), considerable " -"energy is wasted trying to determine each other’s bona fides.”<placeholder " -"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Building true community requires giving people " -"within the community the power to create or influence the rules that govern " -"the community.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> If the rules are " -"created and imposed in a top-down manner, people feel like they don’t have a " -"voice, which in turn leads to disengagement." +"wrote, <quote>It takes a lot of work to put the group together. It’s " +"difficult to ensure that people are working in the group’s interest and not " +"in their own. And when there’s a lack of trust between the members of the " +"group (which isn’t surprising given that they don’t really know each other), " +"considerable energy is wasted trying to determine each other’s bona fides.</" +"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Building true community " +"requires giving people within the community the power to create or influence " +"the rules that govern the community.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/" +"> If the rules are created and imposed in a top-down manner, people feel " +"like they don’t have a voice, which in turn leads to disengagement." msgstr "" "Las comunidades que colaboran juntas toman planeación anticipadamente. " "Surowiecki escribió, \"Toma mucho trabajo poner al grupo junto. Es difícil " @@ -5843,7 +6580,7 @@ msgstr "" "desvinculación." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2932 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2951 msgid "" "Community takes work, but working together, or even simply being connected " "around common interests or values, is in many ways what sharing is about." @@ -5853,16 +6590,23 @@ msgstr "" "lo que se trata compartir." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2938 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2957 msgid "Give more to the commons than you take" msgstr "Da más a los comunes de lo que te llevas" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2949 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2968 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Giana Eckhardt and Fleura Bardhi, “The Sharing Economy Isn’t about " +#| "Sharing at All,” Harvard Business Review (website), January 28, 2015, " +#| "<ulink url=\"http://hbr.org/2015/01/the-sharing-economy-isnt-about-" +#| "sharing-at-all\"/>." msgid "" -"Giana Eckhardt and Fleura Bardhi, “The Sharing Economy Isn’t about Sharing " -"at All,” Harvard Business Review (website), January 28, 2015, <ulink url=" -"\"http://hbr.org/2015/01/the-sharing-economy-isnt-about-sharing-at-all\"/>." +"Giana Eckhardt and Fleura Bardhi, <quote>The Sharing Economy Isn’t about " +"Sharing at All,</quote> Harvard Business Review (website), January 28, 2015, " +"<ulink url=\"http://hbr.org/2015/01/the-sharing-economy-isnt-about-sharing-" +"at-all\"/>." msgstr "" "Giana Eckhardt and Fleura Bardhi, “The Sharing Economy Isn’t about Sharing " "at All,” Harvard Business Review (sitio Web), 28 de Enero de 2015, <ulink " @@ -5870,7 +6614,7 @@ msgstr "" ">." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2957 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2976 msgid "" "Lisa Gansky, The Mesh: Why the Future of Business Is Sharing, reprint with " "new epilogue (New York: Portfolio, 2012)." @@ -5879,18 +6623,32 @@ msgstr "" "con un nuevo epílogo (New York: Portfolio, 2012)." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2940 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2959 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Conventional wisdom in the marketplace dictates that people should try to " +#| "extract as much money as possible from resources. This is essentially " +#| "what defines so much of the so-called sharing economy. In an article on " +#| "the Harvard Business Review website called “The Sharing Economy Isn’t " +#| "about Sharing at All,” authors Giana Eckhardt and Fleura Bardhi explained " +#| "how the anonymous market-driven trans-actions in most sharing-economy " +#| "businesses are purely about monetizing access.<placeholder type=\"footnote" +#| "\" id=\"0\"/> As Lisa Gansky put it in her book The Mesh, the primary " +#| "strategy of the sharing economy is to sell the same product multiple " +#| "times, by selling access rather than ownership.<placeholder type=" +#| "\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> That is not sharing." msgid "" "Conventional wisdom in the marketplace dictates that people should try to " "extract as much money as possible from resources. This is essentially what " "defines so much of the so-called sharing economy. In an article on the " -"Harvard Business Review website called “The Sharing Economy Isn’t about " -"Sharing at All,” authors Giana Eckhardt and Fleura Bardhi explained how the " -"anonymous market-driven trans-actions in most sharing-economy businesses are " -"purely about monetizing access.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> As " -"Lisa Gansky put it in her book The Mesh, the primary strategy of the sharing " -"economy is to sell the same product multiple times, by selling access rather " -"than ownership.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> That is not sharing." +"Harvard Business Review website called <quote>The Sharing Economy Isn’t " +"about Sharing at All,</quote> authors Giana Eckhardt and Fleura Bardhi " +"explained how the anonymous market-driven trans-actions in most sharing-" +"economy businesses are purely about monetizing access.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> As Lisa Gansky put it in her book The Mesh, the " +"primary strategy of the sharing economy is to sell the same product multiple " +"times, by selling access rather than ownership.<placeholder type=\"footnote" +"\" id=\"1\"/> That is not sharing." msgstr "" "La sabiduría común en el mercado dicta que la gente debería extraer la mayor " "cantidad de dinero posible de los recursos. Esto es lo que esencialmente " @@ -5907,18 +6665,23 @@ msgstr "" "compartir." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2973 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2992 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "David Lee, “Inside Medium: An Attempt to Bring Civility to the Internet,” " +#| "BBC News, March 3, 2016, <ulink url=\"http://www.bbc.com/news/" +#| "technology-35709680\"/>." msgid "" -"David Lee, “Inside Medium: An Attempt to Bring Civility to the Internet,” " -"BBC News, March 3, 2016, <ulink url=\"http://www.bbc.com/news/" -"technology-35709680\"/>." +"David Lee, <quote>Inside Medium: An Attempt to Bring Civility to the " +"Internet,</quote> BBC News, March 3, 2016, <ulink url=\"http://www.bbc.com/" +"news/technology-35709680\"/>." msgstr "" "David Lee, “Inside Medium: An Attempt to Bring Civility to the Internet,” " "BBC News, 3 de marzo de 2016, <ulink url=\"http://www.bbc.com/news/" "technology-35709680\"/>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2963 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2982 msgid "" "Sharing requires adding as much or more value to the ecosystem than you " "take. You can’t simply treat open content as a free pool of resources from " @@ -5947,7 +6710,7 @@ msgstr "" "manera efectiva." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2982 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3001 msgid "" "In all cases, it is important to openly acknowledge the amount of value you " "add versus that which you draw on that was created by others. Being " @@ -5960,34 +6723,35 @@ msgstr "" "En todo caso, es importante reconocer abiertamente la cantidad de valor que " "uno agrega contra la cantidad de valor que uno extrae de lo que fue creado " "por otros. Ser transparente sobre esto construye credibilidad y muestra que " -"eres un jugador que contribuye al bien común. Cuando tu empeño está generando " -"dinero, eso también significa aportar una compensación financiera de forma " -"que refleje el valor contribuido por otros, dando más a quienes contribuyen " -"cuando el valor que ellos añaden sobrepasa el valor que tú añadiste." +"eres un jugador que contribuye al bien común. Cuando tu empeño está " +"generando dinero, eso también significa aportar una compensación financiera " +"de forma que refleje el valor contribuido por otros, dando más a quienes " +"contribuyen cuando el valor que ellos añaden sobrepasa el valor que tú " +"añadiste." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2993 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3012 msgid "Involve people in what you do" msgstr "Involucra a la gente en lo que haces" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2998 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3017 msgid "Anderson, Makers, 148." msgstr "Anderson, Makers, 148." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3002 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3021 msgid "Shirky, Cognitive Surplus, 164." msgstr "Shirky, Cognitive Surplus, 164." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3009 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3073 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3028 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3092 msgid "Whitehurst, foreword to Open Organization." msgstr "Whitehurst, prefacio de Open Organization." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2995 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3014 msgid "" "Thanks to the Internet, we can tap into the talents and expertise of people " "around the globe. Chris Anderson calls it the Long Tail of talent." @@ -6015,12 +6779,12 @@ msgstr "" "<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"2\" />" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3022 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3041 msgid "Shirky, Cognitive Surplus, 144." msgstr "Shirky, Cognitive Surplus, 144." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3013 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3032 msgid "" "As the success of Wikipedia demonstrates, editing an online encyclopedia is " "exactly the sort of activity that is perfect for massive co-creation because " @@ -6040,25 +6804,44 @@ msgstr "" "contribuir cuando no parece que sus esfuerzos vayan a hacer mucha diferencia." "<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" -#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3034 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><quote><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3053 msgid "Ibid., 154." msgstr "Ibid., 154." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3046 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3065 msgid "Palmer, Art of Asking, 163." msgstr "Palmer, Art of Asking, 163." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3026 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3045 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "It is easy to romanticize the opportunities for global cocreation made " +#| "possible by the Internet, and, indeed, the successful examples of it are " +#| "truly incredible and inspiring. But in a wide range of circumstances—" +#| "perhaps more often than not—community cocreation is not part of the " +#| "equation, even within endeavors built on CC content. Shirky wrote, " +#| "“Sometimes the value of professional work trumps the value of amateur " +#| "sharing or a feeling of belonging.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/" +#| "> The textbook publisher OpenStax, which distributes all of its material " +#| "for free under CC licensing, is an example of this dynamic. Rather than " +#| "tapping the community to help cocreate their college textbooks, they " +#| "invest a significant amount of time and money to develop professional " +#| "content. For individual creators, where the creative work is the basis " +#| "for what they do, community cocreation is only rarely a part of the " +#| "picture. Even musician Amanda Palmer, who is famous for her openness and " +#| "involvement with her fans, said, “The only department where I wasn’t open " +#| "to input was the writing, the music itself.”<placeholder type=\"footnote" +#| "\" id=\"1\"/>" msgid "" "It is easy to romanticize the opportunities for global cocreation made " "possible by the Internet, and, indeed, the successful examples of it are " "truly incredible and inspiring. But in a wide range of circumstances—" "perhaps more often than not—community cocreation is not part of the " "equation, even within endeavors built on CC content. Shirky wrote, " -"“Sometimes the value of professional work trumps the value of amateur " +"<quote>Sometimes the value of professional work trumps the value of amateur " "sharing or a feeling of belonging.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> " "The textbook publisher OpenStax, which distributes all of its material for " "free under CC licensing, is an example of this dynamic. Rather than tapping " @@ -6068,7 +6851,7 @@ msgid "" "community cocreation is only rarely a part of the picture. Even musician " "Amanda Palmer, who is famous for her openness and involvement with her fans, " "said, “The only department where I wasn’t open to input was the writing, the " -"music itself.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" +"music itself.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" msgstr "" "Es fácil idealizar las oportunidades de la co-creación global que se dan " "gracias a Internet. De hecho, los ejemples exitosos son verdaderamente " @@ -6090,12 +6873,12 @@ msgstr "" "música misma\".<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\" />" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3057 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3076 msgid "Anderson, Makers, 173." msgstr "Anderson, Makers, 173." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3064 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3083 msgid "" "Tom Kelley and David Kelley, Creative Confidence: Unleashing the Potential " "within Us All (New York: Crown, 2013), 82." @@ -6104,18 +6887,32 @@ msgstr "" "within Us All (New York: Crown, 2013), 82." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3050 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3069 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "While we tend to immediately think of cocreation and remixing when we " +#| "hear the word collaboration, you can also involve others in your creative " +#| "process in more informal ways, by sharing half-baked ideas and early " +#| "drafts, and interacting with the public to incubate ideas and get " +#| "feedback. So-called “making in public” opens the door to letting people " +#| "feel more invested in your creative work.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " +#| "id=\"0\"/> And it shows a nonterritorial approach to ideas and " +#| "information. Stephen Covey (of The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People " +#| "fame) calls this the abundance mentality—treating ideas like something " +#| "plentiful—and it can create an environment where collaboration flourishes." +#| "<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" msgid "" "While we tend to immediately think of cocreation and remixing when we hear " "the word collaboration, you can also involve others in your creative process " "in more informal ways, by sharing half-baked ideas and early drafts, and " "interacting with the public to incubate ideas and get feedback. So-called " -"“making in public” opens the door to letting people feel more invested in " -"your creative work.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> And it shows a " -"nonterritorial approach to ideas and information. Stephen Covey (of The 7 " -"Habits of Highly Effective People fame) calls this the abundance mentality—" -"treating ideas like something plentiful—and it can create an environment " -"where collaboration flourishes.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" +"<quote>making in public</quote> opens the door to letting people feel more " +"invested in your creative work.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> And " +"it shows a nonterritorial approach to ideas and information. Stephen Covey " +"(of The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People fame) calls this the abundance " +"mentality—treating ideas like something plentiful—and it can create an " +"environment where collaboration flourishes.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" +"\"1\"/>" msgstr "" "Si bien tendemos a pensar inmediatamente en la co-creación y en la remezcla " "cuando escuchamos la palabra colaboración, también se puede involucrar a " @@ -6131,7 +6928,7 @@ msgstr "" "\"footnote\" id=\"1\" />" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3081 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3100 msgid "" "Rachel Botsman and Roo Rogers, What’s Mine Is Yours: The Rise of " "Collaborative Consumption (New York: Harper Business, 2010), 188." @@ -6140,7 +6937,7 @@ msgstr "" "Consumption (New York: Harper Business, 2010), 188." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3070 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3089 msgid "" "There is no one way to involve people in what you do. They key is finding a " "way for people to contribute on their terms, compelled by their own " @@ -6164,12 +6961,12 @@ msgstr "" "\"footnote\" id=\"1\" />" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3090 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3109 msgid "The Creative Commons Licenses" msgstr "Las Licencias Creative Commons" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3092 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3111 msgid "" "All of the Creative Commons licenses grant a basic set of permissions. At a " "minimum, a CC- licensed work can be copied and shared in its original form " @@ -6196,17 +6993,31 @@ msgstr "" "patentes o marcas registradas." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3106 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3125 msgid "Here are the six licenses:" msgstr "A continuación se presentan las seis licencias:" -#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><informalfigure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3111 +#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3130 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001930000008D83BF99FC0821C489.png" msgstr "Pictures/10000201000001930000008D83BF99FC0821C489.png" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3119 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3128 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3142 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3158 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3170 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3183 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3196 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3216 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3228 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "<placeholder type=\"mediaobject\" id=\"0\"/>" +msgid "<placeholder type=\"inlinemediaobject\" id=\"0\"/>" +msgstr "<placeholder type=\"mediaobject\" id=\"0\"/>" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3135 msgid "" "The Attribution license (CC BY) lets others distribute, remix, tweak, and " "build upon your work, even commercially, as long as they credit you for the " @@ -6219,20 +7030,28 @@ msgstr "" "las licencias ofrecidas. Se recomienda para máxima diseminación y para uso " "de materiales licenciados." -#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><informalfigure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3128 +#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3144 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001930000008DFD3592CB17C4EC38.png" msgstr "Pictures/10000201000001930000008DFD3592CB17C4EC38.png" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3136 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3149 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "The Attribution-Share-Alike license (CC BY-SA) lets others remix, tweak, " +#| "and build upon your work, even for commercial purposes, as long as they " +#| "credit you and license their new creations under identical terms. This " +#| "license is often compared to “copyleft” free and open source software " +#| "licenses. All new works based on yours will carry the same license, so " +#| "any derivatives will also allow commercial use." msgid "" "The Attribution-Share-Alike license (CC BY-SA) lets others remix, tweak, and " "build upon your work, even for commercial purposes, as long as they credit " "you and license their new creations under identical terms. This license is " -"often compared to “copyleft” free and open source software licenses. All new " -"works based on yours will carry the same license, so any derivatives will " -"also allow commercial use." +"often compared to <quote>copyleft</quote> free and open source software " +"licenses. All new works based on yours will carry the same license, so any " +"derivatives will also allow commercial use." msgstr "" "La licencia Atribución-CompartirIgual (CC BY-SA) permite a terceros " "remezclar, modificar y construir sobre de tu obra, siempre y cuando te den " @@ -6242,13 +7061,13 @@ msgstr "" "derivados del tuyo llevarán la misma licencia, por lo cual toda obra " "derivada también permitirá el uso con fines comerciales." -#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><informalfigure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3147 +#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3160 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001930000008D254882DE24793FEA.png" msgstr "Pictures/10000201000001930000008D254882DE24793FEA.png" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3155 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3165 msgid "" "The Attribution-NoDerivs license (CC BY-ND) allows for redistribution, " "commercial and noncommercial, as long as it is passed along unchanged with " @@ -6258,13 +7077,13 @@ msgstr "" "fines comerciales y no comerciales por igual, siempre y cuando se haga sin " "modificaciones y te den crédito como autor." -#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><informalfigure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3162 +#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3172 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001930000008DCAF78FB61D1CBDA6.png" msgstr "Pictures/10000201000001930000008DCAF78FB61D1CBDA6.png" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3170 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3177 msgid "" "The Attribution-NonCommercial license (CC BY-NC) lets others remix, tweak, " "and build upon your work noncommercially. Although their new works must also " @@ -6276,13 +7095,13 @@ msgstr "" "Si bien en los trabajos derivados se debe mantener el crédito hacia ti como " "creador, no tienen la obligación de licenciarlos bajo estos mismos términos." -#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><informalfigure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3178 +#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3185 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001930000008D16DA603376395620.png" msgstr "Pictures/10000201000001930000008D16DA603376395620.png" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3186 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3190 msgid "" "The Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license (CC BY-NC-SA) lets others " "remix, tweak, and build upon your work noncommercially, as long as they " @@ -6293,13 +7112,13 @@ msgstr "" "comerciales, siempre y cuando le den crédito y licencien sus nuevas " "creaciones bajo los mismos términos." -#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><informalfigure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3194 +#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3198 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001930000008DC3FEF92B21310965.png" msgstr "Pictures/10000201000001930000008DC3FEF92B21310965.png" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3202 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3203 msgid "" "The Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs license (CC BY-NC-ND) is the most " "restrictive of our six main licenses, only allowing others to download your " @@ -6312,7 +7131,7 @@ msgstr "" "posibilidad de modificarla de ninguna manera o utilizarla comercialmente." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3209 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3210 msgid "" "In addition to these six licenses, Creative Commons has two public-domain " "tools—one for creators and the other for those who manage collections of " @@ -6323,27 +7142,31 @@ msgstr "" "administradores de colecciones de trabajos preexistentes creados por autores " "cuyos plazos de derechos de autor han expirado:" -#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><informalfigure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3217 +#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3218 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001900000008DBE3414994CD27786.png" msgstr "Pictures/10000201000001900000008DBE3414994CD27786.png" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3225 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3223 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "CC0 enables authors and copyright owners to dedicate their works to the " +#| "worldwide public domain (“no rights reserved”)." msgid "" "CC0 enables authors and copyright owners to dedicate their works to the " -"worldwide public domain (“no rights reserved”)." +"worldwide public domain (<quote>no rights reserved</quote>)." msgstr "" "CC0 permite a autores y titulares de derechos de autor dedicar sus trabajos " "al dominio público en todo el mundo (”ningún derecho reservado”)." -#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><informalfigure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3231 +#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3230 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001900000008D36DCD649C5B1411F.png" msgstr "Pictures/10000201000001900000008D36DCD649C5B1411F.png" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3239 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3235 msgid "" "The Creative Commons Public Domain Mark facilitates the labeling and " "discovery of works that are already free of known copyright restrictions." @@ -6353,7 +7176,7 @@ msgstr "" "derecho autoral." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3244 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3240 msgid "" "In our case studies, some use just one Creative Commons license, others use " "several. Attribution (found in thirteen case studies) and Attribution-" @@ -6375,7 +7198,7 @@ msgstr "" "digital, amplifican su involucramiento y compromiso de compartir." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3255 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3251 msgid "" "There is a popular misconception that the three NonCommercial licenses " "offered by CC are the only options for those who want to make money off " @@ -6401,7 +7224,7 @@ msgstr "" "largometraje, o evitar que otra compañía venda copias físicas del mismo." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3269 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3265 msgid "" "The decision to choose a NonCommercial and/or NoDerivs license comes down to " "how much you need to retain control over the creative work. The " @@ -6427,7 +7250,7 @@ msgstr "" "distribuidora descubra su trabajo." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3282 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3278 msgid "" "Other times the decision to use a more restrictive license is due to a " "concern about the integrity of the work. For example, the nonprofit " @@ -6441,7 +7264,7 @@ msgstr "" "médicos." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3289 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3285 msgid "" "There is no one right way. The NonCommercial and NoDerivs restrictions " "reflect the values and preferences of creators about how their creative work " @@ -6459,36 +7282,43 @@ msgstr "" "como las licencias CompartirIgual reflejan un conjunto distinto de valores, " "uno menos orientado a controlar el acceso a su obra, y más a asegurar que " "cualquier trabajo creado derivando de éste se mantenga disponible a todos " -"bajo los mismos términos. Desde el principio de los bienes comunes, la gente ha creado " -"estructuras que ayudan a regular la forma en que se utilizan los recursos " -"compartidos. Las licencias CC son un intento de estandarizar las normas " -"entre distintos dominios." +"bajo los mismos términos. Desde el principio de los bienes comunes, la gente " +"ha creado estructuras que ayudan a regular la forma en que se utilizan los " +"recursos compartidos. Las licencias CC son un intento de estandarizar las " +"normas entre distintos dominios." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3301 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3297 msgid "Note" msgstr "Notas" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3304 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3300 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "For more about the licenses including examples and tips on sharing your " +#| "work in the digital commons, start with the Creative Commons page called " +#| "“Share Your Work” at <ulink url=\"http://creativecommons.org/share-your-" +#| "work/\"/>." msgid "" "For more about the licenses including examples and tips on sharing your work " -"in the digital commons, start with the Creative Commons page called “Share " -"Your Work” at <ulink url=\"http://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/\"/>." +"in the digital commons, start with the Creative Commons page called " +"<quote>Share Your Work</quote> at <ulink url=\"http://creativecommons.org/" +"share-your-work/\"/>." msgstr "" "Para mayor información acerca de las licencias, incluyendo ejemplos y " "recomendaciones acerca de cómo compartir sus obras en el bienes comunes " "digitales, diríjase a la página de Creative Commons llamada ”Compartir Su " -"Obra” (”Share Your Work”, en <ulink url=\"http://creativecommons.org/" -"share-your-work/\"/>." +"Obra” (”Share Your Work”, en <ulink url=\"http://creativecommons.org/share-" +"your-work/\"/>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3312 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3308 msgid "The Case Studies" msgstr "Los estudios de caso" #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3315 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3311 msgid "" "The twenty-four case studies in this section were chosen from hundreds of " "nominations received from Kickstarter backers, Creative Commons staff, and " @@ -6508,7 +7338,7 @@ msgstr "" "por nosotros." #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3325 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3321 msgid "" "We did background research and conducted interviews for each case study, " "based on the same set of basic questions about the endeavor. The idea for " @@ -6523,12 +7353,12 @@ msgstr "" "en buena medida la manera en que nos fue contado por quienes entrevistamos." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3333 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3329 msgid "Arduino" msgstr "Arduino" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3336 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3332 msgid "" "Arduino is a for-profit open-source electronics platform and computer " "hardware and software company. Founded in 2005 in Italy." @@ -6537,12 +7367,12 @@ msgstr "" "hardware y software con fines de lucro. Fundada en Italia en 2005." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3341 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3337 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.arduino.cc\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://www.arduino.cc\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3343 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3339 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for physical " "copies (sales of boards, modules, shields, and kits), licensing a trademark " @@ -6554,15 +7384,15 @@ msgstr "" "productos Arduino utilizando su nombre)" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3348 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4189 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3344 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4195 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 4, 2016" msgstr "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Fecha de la entrevista</emphasis>: 4 de febrero, " "2016" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3351 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3347 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: David Cuartielles and Tom " "Igoe, cofounders" @@ -6571,25 +7401,25 @@ msgstr "" "Igoe, cofundadores" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3355 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4196 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4627 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4868 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5149 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5458 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5968 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6221 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6542 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6893 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7433 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7717 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8181 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8957 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3351 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4202 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4638 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4880 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5162 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5472 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5985 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6239 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6561 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6913 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7457 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7741 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8211 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8992 msgid "Profile written by Paul Stacey" msgstr "Perfil escrito por Paul Stacey" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3359 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3355 msgid "" "In 2005, at the Interaction Design Institute Ivrea in northern Italy, " "teachers and students needed an easy way to use electronics and programming " @@ -6617,7 +7447,7 @@ msgstr "" "software bajo la Licencia Pública General (GPL) de GNU." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3373 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3369 msgid "" "Arduino boards are able to read inputs—light on a sensor, a finger on a " "button, or a Twitter message—and turn it into outputs—activating a motor, " @@ -6635,14 +7465,22 @@ msgstr "" "hacer artes visuales)." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3383 -msgid "" -"“The reasons for making Arduino open source are complicated,” Tom says. " -"Partly it was about supporting flexibility. The open-source nature of " -"Arduino empowers users to modify it and create a lot of different " -"variations, adding on top of what the founders build. David says this " -"“ended up strengthening the platform far beyond what we had even thought of " -"building.”" +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3378 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "“The reasons for making Arduino open source are complicated,” Tom says. " +#| "Partly it was about supporting flexibility. The open-source nature of " +#| "Arduino empowers users to modify it and create a lot of different " +#| "variations, adding on top of what the founders build. David says this " +#| "“ended up strengthening the platform far beyond what we had even thought " +#| "of building.”" +msgid "" +"<quote>The reasons for making Arduino open source are complicated,</quote> " +"Tom says. Partly it was about supporting flexibility. The open-source nature " +"of Arduino empowers users to modify it and create a lot of different " +"variations, adding on top of what the founders build. David says this " +"<quote>ended up strengthening the platform far beyond what we had even " +"thought of building.</quote>" msgstr "" "”Las razones para hacer a Arduino de fuente abierta son complicadas,” dice " "Tom. En parte es para permitir la flexibilidad. La naturaleza de fuente " @@ -6652,14 +7490,24 @@ msgstr "" "lo que pensamos siquiera en construir.”" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3391 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3387 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "For Tom another factor was the impending closure of the Ivrea design " +#| "school. He’d seen other organizations close their doors and all their " +#| "work and research just disappear. Open-sourcing ensured that Arduino " +#| "would outlive the Ivrea closure. Persistence is one thing Tom really " +#| "likes about open source. If key people leave, or a company shuts down, an " +#| "open-source product lives on. In Tom’s view, “Open sourcing makes it " +#| "easier to trust a product.”" msgid "" "For Tom another factor was the impending closure of the Ivrea design school. " "He’d seen other organizations close their doors and all their work and " "research just disappear. Open-sourcing ensured that Arduino would outlive " "the Ivrea closure. Persistence is one thing Tom really likes about open " "source. If key people leave, or a company shuts down, an open-source product " -"lives on. In Tom’s view, “Open sourcing makes it easier to trust a product.”" +"lives on. In Tom’s view, <quote>Open sourcing makes it easier to trust a " +"product.</quote>" msgstr "" "Para Tom, otro factor fue la inminente clausura de la escuela de diseño " "Ivrea. Había visto a otras organizaciones cerrar sus puertas, tras lo cual " @@ -6671,7 +7519,7 @@ msgstr "" "de Tom, ”abrir las fuentes facilita confiar en un producto.”" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3400 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3397 msgid "" "With the school closing, David and some of the other Arduino founders " "started a consulting firm and multidisciplinary design studio they called " @@ -6688,13 +7536,22 @@ msgstr "" "se invirtieron en sostener y mejorar a Arduino." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3409 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3406 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "For Tom, part of Arduino’s success is because the founders made " +#| "themselves the first customer of their product. They made products they " +#| "themselves personally wanted. It was a matter of “I need this thing,” not " +#| "“If we make this, we’ll make a lot of money.” Tom notes that being your " +#| "own first customer makes you more confident and convincing at selling " +#| "your product." msgid "" "For Tom, part of Arduino’s success is because the founders made themselves " "the first customer of their product. They made products they themselves " -"personally wanted. It was a matter of “I need this thing,” not “If we make " -"this, we’ll make a lot of money.” Tom notes that being your own first " -"customer makes you more confident and convincing at selling your product." +"personally wanted. It was a matter of <quote>I need this thing,</quote> not " +"<quote>If we make this, we’ll make a lot of money.</quote> Tom notes that " +"being your own first customer makes you more confident and convincing at " +"selling your product." msgstr "" "Para Tom, parte del éxito de Arduino se debe a que los fundadores se " "convirtieron en los primeros clientes de su producto. Hicieron productos que " @@ -6703,7 +7560,7 @@ msgstr "" "cliente lo hace a uno más confiado y convincente al vender el producto." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3417 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3414 msgid "" "Arduino’s business model has evolved over time—and Tom says model is a " "grandiose term for it. Originally, they just wanted to make a few boards and " @@ -6729,7 +7586,7 @@ msgstr "" "vendido a un precio razonable, la gente lo comprará." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3431 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3428 msgid "" "Arduino now has a worldwide community of makers—students, hobbyists, " "artists, programmers, and professionals. Arduino provides a wiki called " @@ -6758,7 +7615,7 @@ msgstr "" "accesible, útil tanto para novatos como para expertos." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3445 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3442 msgid "" "Transitioning Arduino from a project to a company was a big step. Other " "businesses who made boards were charging a lot of money for them. Arduino " @@ -6775,13 +7632,20 @@ msgstr "" "altos para sostener el negocio." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3453 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3450 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "For a business, getting to the end of the year and not being in the red " +#| "is a success. Arduino may have an open-licensing strategy, but they are " +#| "still a business, and all the things needed to successfully run one still " +#| "apply. David says, “If you do those other things well, sharing things in " +#| "an open-source way can only help you.”" msgid "" "For a business, getting to the end of the year and not being in the red is a " "success. Arduino may have an open-licensing strategy, but they are still a " "business, and all the things needed to successfully run one still apply. " -"David says, “If you do those other things well, sharing things in an open-" -"source way can only help you.”" +"David says, <quote>If you do those other things well, sharing things in an " +"open-source way can only help you.</quote>" msgstr "" "Para un negocio, llegar al final del año sin estar en números rojos es un " "éxito. Arduino puede tener una estrategia de licenciamiento abierto, pero a " @@ -6790,7 +7654,7 @@ msgstr "" "compartir las cosas bajo un modelo abierto únicamente le ayudará.”" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3461 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3458 msgid "" "While openly licensing the designs, documentation, and software ensures " "longevity, it does have risks. There’s a possibility that others will create " @@ -6813,7 +7677,7 @@ msgstr "" "asegurar que la mueva versión es igualmente libre y abierta." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3473 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3470 msgid "" "Tom and David say that a lot of people have built companies off of Arduino, " "with dozens of Arduino derivatives out there. But in contrast to closed " @@ -6835,12 +7699,12 @@ msgstr "" "incorpora en sus nuevos productos." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3493 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3490 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Products\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Products\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3484 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3481 msgid "" "Over time, the range of Arduino products has diversified, changing and " "adapting to new needs and challenges. In addition to simple entry level " @@ -6864,17 +7728,30 @@ msgstr "" "\" id=\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3496 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3493 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Arduino’s focus is on high-quality boards, well-designed support " +#| "materials, and the building of community; this focus is one of the keys " +#| "to their success. And being open lets you build a real community. David " +#| "says Arduino’s community is a big strength and something that really does " +#| "matter—in his words, “It’s good business.” When they started, the Arduino " +#| "team had almost entirely no idea how to build a community. They started " +#| "by conducting numerous workshops, working directly with people using the " +#| "platform to make sure the hardware and software worked the way it was " +#| "meant to work and solved people’s problems. The community grew " +#| "organically from there." msgid "" "Arduino’s focus is on high-quality boards, well-designed support materials, " "and the building of community; this focus is one of the keys to their " "success. And being open lets you build a real community. David says " "Arduino’s community is a big strength and something that really does matter—" -"in his words, “It’s good business.” When they started, the Arduino team had " -"almost entirely no idea how to build a community. They started by conducting " -"numerous workshops, working directly with people using the platform to make " -"sure the hardware and software worked the way it was meant to work and " -"solved people’s problems. The community grew organically from there." +"in his words, <quote>It’s good business.</quote> When they started, the " +"Arduino team had almost entirely no idea how to build a community. They " +"started by conducting numerous workshops, working directly with people using " +"the platform to make sure the hardware and software worked the way it was " +"meant to work and solved people’s problems. The community grew organically " +"from there." msgstr "" "El foco de Arduino son tarjetas de alta calidad, con materiales de apoyo " "bien diseñados, y la construcción de una comunidad; este enfoque es una de " @@ -6888,7 +7765,7 @@ msgstr "" "problemas de la gente. La comunidad creció orgánicamente desde ese punto." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3509 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3506 msgid "" "A key decision for Arduino was trademarking the name. The founders needed a " "way to guarantee to people that they were buying a quality product from a " @@ -6912,7 +7789,7 @@ msgstr "" "no sufre por copias de mala calidad." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3521 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3518 msgid "" "Current official manufacturers are Smart Projects in Italy, SparkFun in the " "United States, and Dog Hunter in Taiwan/China. These are the only " @@ -6931,7 +7808,7 @@ msgstr "" "generación de ganancias para Arduino." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3531 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3528 msgid "" "How far to open things up wasn’t always something the founders perfectly " "agreed on. David, who was always one to advocate for opening things up more, " @@ -6949,12 +7826,26 @@ msgstr "" "herramienta crítica para Arduino." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3552 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3549 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://blog.arduino.cc/2013/07/10/send-in-the-clones/\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://blog.arduino.cc/2013/07/10/send-in-the-clones/\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3540 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3537 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "David encourages people and businesses to start by sharing everything as " +#| "a default strategy, and then think about whether there is anything that " +#| "really needs to be protected and why. There are lots of good reasons to " +#| "not open up certain elements. This strategy of sharing everything is " +#| "certainly the complete opposite of how today’s world operates, where " +#| "nothing is shared. Tom suggests a business formalize which elements are " +#| "based on open sharing and which are closed. An Arduino blog post from " +#| "2013 entitled “Send In the Clones,” by one of the founders Massimo Banzi, " +#| "does a great job of explaining the full complexities of how trademarking " +#| "their brand has played out, distinguishing between official boards and " +#| "those that are clones, derivatives, compatibles, and counterfeits." +#| "<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgid "" "David encourages people and businesses to start by sharing everything as a " "default strategy, and then think about whether there is anything that really " @@ -6962,12 +7853,12 @@ msgid "" "certain elements. This strategy of sharing everything is certainly the " "complete opposite of how today’s world operates, where nothing is shared. " "Tom suggests a business formalize which elements are based on open sharing " -"and which are closed. An Arduino blog post from 2013 entitled “Send In the " -"Clones,” by one of the founders Massimo Banzi, does a great job of " -"explaining the full complexities of how trademarking their brand has played " -"out, distinguishing between official boards and those that are clones, " -"derivatives, compatibles, and counterfeits.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" -"\"0\"/>" +"and which are closed. An Arduino blog post from 2013 entitled <quote>Send In " +"the Clones,</quote> by one of the founders Massimo Banzi, does a great job " +"of explaining the full complexities of how trademarking their brand has " +"played out, distinguishing between official boards and those that are " +"clones, derivatives, compatibles, and counterfeits.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" "David invita a individuos y negocios comenzar siguiendo la estrategia de " "compartir todo, y sólo entonces pensar acerca de si hay algo que " @@ -6983,13 +7874,20 @@ msgstr "" "<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3555 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3552 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "For David, an exciting aspect of Arduino is the way lots of people can " +#| "use it to adapt technology in many different ways. Technology is always " +#| "making more things possible but doesn’t always focus on making it easy to " +#| "use and adapt. This is where Arduino steps in. Arduino’s goal is “making " +#| "things that help other people make things.”" msgid "" "For David, an exciting aspect of Arduino is the way lots of people can use " "it to adapt technology in many different ways. Technology is always making " "more things possible but doesn’t always focus on making it easy to use and " -"adapt. This is where Arduino steps in. Arduino’s goal is “making things " -"that help other people make things.”" +"adapt. This is where Arduino steps in. Arduino’s goal is <quote>making " +"things that help other people make things.</quote>" msgstr "" "Para David, un aspecto excitante de Arduino es la forma en que mucha gente " "puede utilizarlo para adaptar a la tecnología de tantas formas distintas. La " @@ -6999,13 +7897,21 @@ msgstr "" "cosas.”" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3563 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3560 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Arduino has been hugely successful in making technology and electronics " +#| "reach a larger audience. For Tom, Arduino has been about “the " +#| "democratization of technology.” Tom sees Arduino’s open-source strategy " +#| "as helping the world get over the idea that technology has to be " +#| "protected. Tom says, “Technology is a literacy everyone should learn.”" msgid "" "Arduino has been hugely successful in making technology and electronics " -"reach a larger audience. For Tom, Arduino has been about “the " -"democratization of technology.” Tom sees Arduino’s open-source strategy as " -"helping the world get over the idea that technology has to be protected. Tom " -"says, “Technology is a literacy everyone should learn.”" +"reach a larger audience. For Tom, Arduino has been about <quote>the " +"democratization of technology.</quote> Tom sees Arduino’s open-source " +"strategy as helping the world get over the idea that technology has to be " +"protected. Tom says, <quote>Technology is a literacy everyone should learn.</" +"quote>" msgstr "" "Arduino ha sido enormemente exitoso en hacer que la tecnología y la " "electrónica alcancen a una mayor audiencia. Para Tom, Arduino siempre ha " @@ -7015,7 +7921,7 @@ msgstr "" "alfabetización que todos debieran aprender.”" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3571 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3568 msgid "" "Ultimately, for Arduino, going open has been good business—good for product " "development, good for distribution, good for pricing, and good for " @@ -7026,12 +7932,12 @@ msgstr "" "precios, y bueno para la manufactura." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3577 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3574 msgid "Ártica" msgstr "Ártica" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3580 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3577 msgid "" "Ártica provides online courses and consulting services focused on how to use " "digital technology to share knowledge and enable collaboration in arts and " @@ -7042,12 +7948,12 @@ msgstr "" "colaboración en las artes y la cultura. Fundada en 2011 en Uruguay." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3585 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3582 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.articaonline.com\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://www.articaonline.com\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3587 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3584 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for custom " "services" @@ -7056,13 +7962,13 @@ msgstr "" "servicios personalizados" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3590 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3587 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: March 9, 2016" msgstr "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Fecha de la entrevista</emphasis>: 9 de marzo, 2016" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3592 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3589 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: Mariana Fossatti and " "Jorge Gemetto, cofounders" @@ -7071,21 +7977,21 @@ msgstr "" "Gemetto, cofundadores" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3596 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3783 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3975 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4394 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5760 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7204 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7985 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8507 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8728 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9194 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3593 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3784 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3980 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4401 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5774 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7225 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8009 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8537 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8759 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9230 msgid "Profile written by Sarah Hinchliff Pearson" msgstr "Perfil escrito por Sarah Hinchliff Pearson" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3600 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3597 msgid "" "The story of Mariana Fossatti and Jorge Gemetto’s business, Ártica, is the " "ultimate example of DIY. Not only are they successful entrepreneurs, the " @@ -7098,12 +8004,12 @@ msgstr "" "que ellos construyeron por sí mismos." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3606 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3603 msgid "Their dream jobs didn’t exist, so they created them." msgstr "El trabajo de sus sueños no existía, así que lo crearon." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3609 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3606 msgid "" "In 2011, Mariana was a sociologist working for an international organization " "to develop research and online education about rural-development issues. " @@ -7125,7 +8031,7 @@ msgstr "" "crean proyectos artísticos y culturales en la Internet." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3621 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3618 msgid "" "Ártica feels like a uniquely twenty-first century business. The small " "company has a global online presence with no physical offices. Jorge and " @@ -7151,15 +8057,26 @@ msgstr "" "intermediarios." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3634 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3631 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Ártica offers personalized education and consulting services, and helps " +#| "clients implement projects. All of these services are customized. They " +#| "call it an “artisan” process because of the time and effort it takes to " +#| "adapt their work for the particular needs of students and clients. “Each " +#| "student or client is paying for a specific solution to his or her " +#| "problems and questions,” Mariana said. Rather than sell access to their " +#| "content, they provide it for free and charge for the personalized " +#| "services." msgid "" "Ártica offers personalized education and consulting services, and helps " "clients implement projects. All of these services are customized. They call " -"it an “artisan” process because of the time and effort it takes to adapt " -"their work for the particular needs of students and clients. “Each student " -"or client is paying for a specific solution to his or her problems and " -"questions,” Mariana said. Rather than sell access to their content, they " -"provide it for free and charge for the personalized services." +"it an <quote>artisan</quote> process because of the time and effort it takes " +"to adapt their work for the particular needs of students and clients. " +"<quote>Each student or client is paying for a specific solution to his or " +"her problems and questions,</quote> Mariana said. Rather than sell access to " +"their content, they provide it for free and charge for the personalized " +"services." msgstr "" "Ártica ofrece educación personalizada y servicios de consultoría, y ayuda a " "sus clientes a implementar proyectos. Todos estos servicios son hechos a la " @@ -7171,14 +8088,22 @@ msgstr "" "personalizados." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3644 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3642 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "When they started, they offered a smaller number of courses designed to " +#| "attract large audiences. “Over the years, we realized that online " +#| "communities are more specific than we thought,” Mariana said. Ártica now " +#| "provides more options for classes and has lower enrollment in each " +#| "course. This means they can provide more attention to individual students " +#| "and offer classes on more specialized topics." msgid "" "When they started, they offered a smaller number of courses designed to " -"attract large audiences. “Over the years, we realized that online " -"communities are more specific than we thought,” Mariana said. Ártica now " -"provides more options for classes and has lower enrollment in each course. " -"This means they can provide more attention to individual students and offer " -"classes on more specialized topics." +"attract large audiences. <quote>Over the years, we realized that online " +"communities are more specific than we thought,</quote> Mariana said. Ártica " +"now provides more options for classes and has lower enrollment in each " +"course. This means they can provide more attention to individual students " +"and offer classes on more specialized topics." msgstr "" "Cuando empezaron, ofrecían un número más pequeño de cursos para atraer " "grandes audiencias. «A lo largo de los años, nos dimos cuenta que las " @@ -7189,7 +8114,7 @@ msgstr "" "especializados." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3653 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3651 msgid "" "Online courses are their biggest revenue stream, but they also do more than " "a dozen consulting projects each year, ranging from digitization to event " @@ -7205,7 +8130,7 @@ msgstr "" "individuales." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3661 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3659 msgid "" "Ártica also seeks out public and private funding for specific projects. " "Sometimes, even if they are unsuccessful in subsidizing a project like a new " @@ -7220,20 +8145,34 @@ msgstr "" "les lleva a algo nuevo, cada nuevo recurso que crean abre nuevas puertas." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3669 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3667 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Ártica relies heavily on their free Creative Commons–licensed content to " +#| "attract new students and clients. Everything they create—online " +#| "education, blog posts, videos—is published under an Attribution-" +#| "ShareAlike license (CC BY-SA). “We use a ShareAlike license because we " +#| "want to give the greatest freedom to our students and readers, and we " +#| "also want that freedom to be viral,” Jorge said. For them, giving others " +#| "the right to reuse and remix their content is a fundamental value. “How " +#| "can you offer an online educational service without giving permission to " +#| "download, make and keep copies, or print the educational resources?” " +#| "Jorge said. “If we want to do the best for our students—those who trust " +#| "in us to the point that they are willing to pay online without face-to-" +#| "face contact—we have to offer them a fair and ethical agreement.”" msgid "" "Ártica relies heavily on their free Creative Commons–licensed content to " "attract new students and clients. Everything they create—online education, " "blog posts, videos—is published under an Attribution-ShareAlike license (CC " -"BY-SA). “We use a ShareAlike license because we want to give the greatest " -"freedom to our students and readers, and we also want that freedom to be " -"viral,” Jorge said. For them, giving others the right to reuse and remix " -"their content is a fundamental value. “How can you offer an online " -"educational service without giving permission to download, make and keep " -"copies, or print the educational resources?” Jorge said. “If we want to do " -"the best for our students—those who trust in us to the point that they are " -"willing to pay online without face-to-face contact—we have to offer them a " -"fair and ethical agreement.”" +"BY-SA). <quote>We use a ShareAlike license because we want to give the " +"greatest freedom to our students and readers, and we also want that freedom " +"to be viral,</quote> Jorge said. For them, giving others the right to reuse " +"and remix their content is a fundamental value. <quote>How can you offer an " +"online educational service without giving permission to download, make and " +"keep copies, or print the educational resources?</quote> Jorge said. " +"<quote>If we want to do the best for our students—those who trust in us to " +"the point that they are willing to pay online without face-to-face contact—" +"we have to offer them a fair and ethical agreement.</quote>" msgstr "" "Ártica depende fuertemente en su contenido licenciado de forma libre con " "Creative Commons para atraer nuevos estudiantes y clientes. Todo lo que crean" @@ -7250,7 +8189,7 @@ msgstr "" "un acuerdo justo y ético.»" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3685 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3683 msgid "" "They also believe sharing their ideas and expertise openly helps them build " "their reputation and visibility. People often share and cite their work. A " @@ -7266,15 +8205,26 @@ msgstr "" "oportunidades para su negocio." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3693 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3691 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "This belief that openness creates new opportunities reflects another " +#| "belief—in serendipity. When describing their process for creating " +#| "content, they spoke of all of the spontaneous and organic ways they find " +#| "inspiration. “Sometimes, the collaborative process starts with a " +#| "conversation between us, or with friends from other projects,” Jorge " +#| "said. “That can be the first step for a new blog post or another simple " +#| "piece of content, which can evolve to a more complex product in the " +#| "future, like a course or a book.”" msgid "" "This belief that openness creates new opportunities reflects another belief—" "in serendipity. When describing their process for creating content, they " "spoke of all of the spontaneous and organic ways they find inspiration. " -"“Sometimes, the collaborative process starts with a conversation between us, " -"or with friends from other projects,” Jorge said. “That can be the first " -"step for a new blog post or another simple piece of content, which can " -"evolve to a more complex product in the future, like a course or a book.”" +"<quote>Sometimes, the collaborative process starts with a conversation " +"between us, or with friends from other projects,</quote> Jorge said. " +"<quote>That can be the first step for a new blog post or another simple " +"piece of content, which can evolve to a more complex product in the future, " +"like a course or a book.</quote>" msgstr "" "Esta convicción de que la apertura crea nuevas oportunidades refleja otra " "convicción––en la serendipia. Cuando describen su proceso para crear " @@ -7286,14 +8236,24 @@ msgstr "" "complejo en el futuro, como un curso o un libro.»" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3703 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3702 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Rather than planning their work in advance, they let their creative " +#| "process be dynamic. “This doesn’t mean that we don’t need to work hard in " +#| "order to get good professional results, but the design process is more " +#| "flexible,” Jorge said. They share early and often, and they adjust based " +#| "on what they learn, always exploring and testing new ideas and ways of " +#| "operating. In many ways, for them, the process is just as important as " +#| "the final product." msgid "" "Rather than planning their work in advance, they let their creative process " -"be dynamic. “This doesn’t mean that we don’t need to work hard in order to " -"get good professional results, but the design process is more flexible,” " -"Jorge said. They share early and often, and they adjust based on what they " -"learn, always exploring and testing new ideas and ways of operating. In many " -"ways, for them, the process is just as important as the final product." +"be dynamic. <quote>This doesn’t mean that we don’t need to work hard in " +"order to get good professional results, but the design process is more " +"flexible,</quote> Jorge said. They share early and often, and they adjust " +"based on what they learn, always exploring and testing new ideas and ways of " +"operating. In many ways, for them, the process is just as important as the " +"final product." msgstr "" "En lugar de planear su trabajo por adelantado, ellos dejan que su proceso " "creativo sea dinámico. «Esto no significa que no necesitamos trabajar duro " @@ -7305,12 +8265,19 @@ msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> #: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3712 -msgid "" -"People and relationships are also just as important, sometimes more. “In the " -"educational and cultural business, it is more important to pay attention to " -"people and process, rather than content or specific formats or materials,” " -"Mariana said. “Materials and content are fluid. The important thing is the " -"relationships.”" +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "People and relationships are also just as important, sometimes more. “In " +#| "the educational and cultural business, it is more important to pay " +#| "attention to people and process, rather than content or specific formats " +#| "or materials,” Mariana said. “Materials and content are fluid. The " +#| "important thing is the relationships.”" +msgid "" +"People and relationships are also just as important, sometimes more. " +"<quote>In the educational and cultural business, it is more important to pay " +"attention to people and process, rather than content or specific formats or " +"materials,</quote> Mariana said. <quote>Materials and content are fluid. " +"The important thing is the relationships.</quote>" msgstr "" "Las personas y las relaciones también son así de importantes, a veces más. " "«En el negocio educacional y cultural, es más importante poner atención a " @@ -7331,17 +8298,29 @@ msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> #: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3725 -msgid "" -"At the core of everything Ártica does is a set of values. “Good content is " -"not enough,” Jorge said. “We also think that it is very important to take a " -"stand for some things in the cultural sector.” Mariana and Jorge are " -"activists. They defend free culture (the movement promoting the freedom to " -"modify and distribute creative work) and work to demonstrate the " -"intersection between free culture and other social-justice movements. Their " -"efforts to involve people in their work and enable artists and cultural " -"institutions to better use technology are all tied closely to their belief " -"system. Ultimately, what drives their work is a mission to democratize art " -"and culture." +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "At the core of everything Ártica does is a set of values. “Good content " +#| "is not enough,” Jorge said. “We also think that it is very important to " +#| "take a stand for some things in the cultural sector.” Mariana and Jorge " +#| "are activists. They defend free culture (the movement promoting the " +#| "freedom to modify and distribute creative work) and work to demonstrate " +#| "the intersection between free culture and other social-justice movements. " +#| "Their efforts to involve people in their work and enable artists and " +#| "cultural institutions to better use technology are all tied closely to " +#| "their belief system. Ultimately, what drives their work is a mission to " +#| "democratize art and culture." +msgid "" +"At the core of everything Ártica does is a set of values. <quote>Good " +"content is not enough,</quote> Jorge said. <quote>We also think that it is " +"very important to take a stand for some things in the cultural sector.</" +"quote> Mariana and Jorge are activists. They defend free culture (the " +"movement promoting the freedom to modify and distribute creative work) and " +"work to demonstrate the intersection between free culture and other social-" +"justice movements. Their efforts to involve people in their work and enable " +"artists and cultural institutions to better use technology are all tied " +"closely to their belief system. Ultimately, what drives their work is a " +"mission to democratize art and culture." msgstr "" "En el centro de todo lo que Ártica hace están un conjunto de valores. «Un " "contenido bueno no es suficiente,» dijo Jorge. «Nosotros también pensamos " @@ -7356,7 +8335,7 @@ msgstr "" "cultura." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3738 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3739 msgid "" "Of course, Ártica also has to make enough money to cover its expenses. Human " "resources are, by far, their biggest expense. They tap a network of " @@ -7374,12 +8353,19 @@ msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> #: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3747 -msgid "" -"“There are lots of people offering online courses,” Jorge said. “But it is " -"easy to differentiate us. We have an approach that is very specific and " -"personal.” Ártica’s model is rooted in the personal at every level. For " -"Mariana and Jorge, success means doing what brings them personal meaning and " -"purpose, and doing it sustainably and collaboratively." +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "“There are lots of people offering online courses,” Jorge said. “But it " +#| "is easy to differentiate us. We have an approach that is very specific " +#| "and personal.” Ártica’s model is rooted in the personal at every level. " +#| "For Mariana and Jorge, success means doing what brings them personal " +#| "meaning and purpose, and doing it sustainably and collaboratively." +msgid "" +"<quote>There are lots of people offering online courses,</quote> Jorge said. " +"<quote>But it is easy to differentiate us. We have an approach that is very " +"specific and personal.</quote> Ártica’s model is rooted in the personal at " +"every level. For Mariana and Jorge, success means doing what brings them " +"personal meaning and purpose, and doing it sustainably and collaboratively." msgstr "" "«Hay muchas personas ofreciendo cursos en línea,» dijo Jorge. «Pero es fácil " "diferenciarnos. Tenemos un enfoque que es muy específico y persona.» El " @@ -7389,12 +8375,19 @@ msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> #: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3755 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "In their work with younger artists, Mariana and Jorge try to emphasize " +#| "that this model of success is just as valuable as the picture of success " +#| "we get from the media. “If they seek only the traditional type of " +#| "success, they will get frustrated,” Mariana said. “We try to show them " +#| "another image of what it looks like.”" msgid "" "In their work with younger artists, Mariana and Jorge try to emphasize that " "this model of success is just as valuable as the picture of success we get " -"from the media. “If they seek only the traditional type of success, they " -"will get frustrated,” Mariana said. “We try to show them another image of " -"what it looks like.”" +"from the media. <quote>If they seek only the traditional type of success, " +"they will get frustrated,</quote> Mariana said. <quote>We try to show them " +"another image of what it looks like.</quote>" msgstr "" "En su trabajo con artistas más jóvenes, Mariana y Jorge tratan de hacer " "énfasis en que este modelo de éxito es tan valioso como la imagen de éxito " @@ -7403,12 +8396,12 @@ msgstr "" "cómo se ve.»" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3763 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3764 msgid "Blender Institute" msgstr "Blender Institute" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3766 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3767 msgid "" "The Blender Institute is an animation studio that creates 3-D films using " "Blender software. Founded in 2006 in the Netherlands." @@ -7417,12 +8410,12 @@ msgstr "" "utilizando el software Blender. Fundado en 2006 en los Países Bajos." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3771 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3772 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.blender.org\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://www.blender.org\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3773 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3774 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: crowdfunding " "(subscription-based), charging for physical copies, selling merchandise" @@ -7431,13 +8424,13 @@ msgstr "" "(basado en subscripción), cobrando por copias físicas, venta de mercancía" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3777 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3778 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: March 8, 2016" msgstr "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Fecha de la entrevista</emphasis>: 8 de marzo, 2016" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3779 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3780 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Francesco Siddi, " "production coordinator" @@ -7446,7 +8439,7 @@ msgstr "" "coordinador de producción" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3787 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3788 msgid "" "For Ton Roosendaal, the creator of Blender software and its related " "entities, sharing is practical. Making their 3-D content creation software " @@ -7467,7 +8460,7 @@ msgstr "" "Blender y a su comunidad de maneras concretas." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3798 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3799 msgid "" "Each open-movie project Blender runs produces a host of openly licensed " "outputs, not just the final film itself but all of the source material as " @@ -7488,12 +8481,19 @@ msgstr "" "en conjunto." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3808 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3809 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Rather than just talking about the theoretical benefits of sharing and " +#| "free culture, Ton is very much about doing and making free culture. " +#| "Blender’s production coordinator Francesco Siddi told us, “Ton believes " +#| "if you don’t make content using your tools, then you’re not doing " +#| "anything.”" msgid "" "Rather than just talking about the theoretical benefits of sharing and free " "culture, Ton is very much about doing and making free culture. Blender’s " -"production coordinator Francesco Siddi told us, “Ton believes if you don’t " -"make content using your tools, then you’re not doing anything.”" +"production coordinator Francesco Siddi told us, <quote>Ton believes if you " +"don’t make content using your tools, then you’re not doing anything.</quote>" msgstr "" "En vez de únicamente hablar de los beneficios teóricos de compartir y de la " "cultura libre, a Ton le gusta más hacer cultura libre. El coordinador de " @@ -7501,7 +8501,7 @@ msgstr "" "contenido empleando tus propias herramientas, no estás haciendo nada.”" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3815 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3816 msgid "" "Blender’s history begins in the late 1990s, when Ton created the Blender " "software. Originally, the software was an in-house resource for his " @@ -7523,17 +8523,28 @@ msgstr "" "bajo la Licencia Pública General GNU." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3826 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3827 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "This was long before Kickstarter and other online crowdfunding sites " +#| "existed, but Ton ran his own version of a crowdfunding campaign and " +#| "quickly raised the money he needed. The Blender software became freely " +#| "available for anyone to use. Simply applying the General Public License " +#| "to the software, however, was not enough to create a thriving community " +#| "around it. Francesco told us, “Software of this complexity relies on " +#| "people and their vision of how people work together. Ton is a fantastic " +#| "community builder and manager, and he put a lot of work into fostering a " +#| "community of developers so that the project could live.”" msgid "" "This was long before Kickstarter and other online crowdfunding sites " "existed, but Ton ran his own version of a crowdfunding campaign and quickly " "raised the money he needed. The Blender software became freely available for " "anyone to use. Simply applying the General Public License to the software, " "however, was not enough to create a thriving community around it. Francesco " -"told us, “Software of this complexity relies on people and their vision of " -"how people work together. Ton is a fantastic community builder and manager, " -"and he put a lot of work into fostering a community of developers so that " -"the project could live.”" +"told us, <quote>Software of this complexity relies on people and their " +"vision of how people work together. Ton is a fantastic community builder and " +"manager, and he put a lot of work into fostering a community of developers " +"so that the project could live.</quote>" msgstr "" "Esto fue mucho antes de que Kickstarter y otros sitios en línea de " "crowdfunding existieran, pero Ton hizo su propia versión de una campaña de " @@ -7547,13 +8558,22 @@ msgstr "" "comunidad de desarrolladores para que el proyecto pudiera vivir.”" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3838 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3840 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Like any successful free and open-source software project, Blender " +#| "developed quickly because the community could make fixes and " +#| "improvements. “Software should be free and open to hack,” Francesco said. " +#| "“Otherwise, everyone is doing the same thing in the dark for ten years.” " +#| "Ton set up the Blender Foundation to oversee and steward the software " +#| "development and maintenance." msgid "" "Like any successful free and open-source software project, Blender developed " -"quickly because the community could make fixes and improvements. “Software " -"should be free and open to hack,” Francesco said. “Otherwise, everyone is " -"doing the same thing in the dark for ten years.” Ton set up the Blender " -"Foundation to oversee and steward the software development and maintenance." +"quickly because the community could make fixes and improvements. " +"<quote>Software should be free and open to hack,</quote> Francesco said. " +"<quote>Otherwise, everyone is doing the same thing in the dark for ten years." +"</quote> Ton set up the Blender Foundation to oversee and steward the " +"software development and maintenance." msgstr "" "Como cualquier proyecto exitoso de software libre y de fuentes abiertas, " "Blender se desarrolló rápidamente pues la comunidad podía hacer correcciones " @@ -7563,7 +8583,7 @@ msgstr "" "administrar al desarrollo y mantenimiento de software." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3846 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3849 msgid "" "After a few years, Ton began looking for new ways to push development of the " "software. He came up with the idea of creating CC-licensed films using the " @@ -7584,14 +8604,23 @@ msgstr "" "programa Blender." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3856 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3859 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "They turned to crowdfunding to subsidize the costs of the project. They " +#| "had about twenty people working full-time for six to ten months, so the " +#| "costs were significant. Francesco said that when their crowdfunding " +#| "campaign succeeded, people were astounded. “The idea that making money " +#| "was possible by producing CC-licensed material was mind-blowing to " +#| "people,” he said. “They were like, ‘I have to see it to believe it.’”" msgid "" "They turned to crowdfunding to subsidize the costs of the project. They had " "about twenty people working full-time for six to ten months, so the costs " "were significant. Francesco said that when their crowdfunding campaign " -"succeeded, people were astounded. “The idea that making money was possible " -"by producing CC-licensed material was mind-blowing to people,” he said. " -"“They were like, ‘I have to see it to believe it.’”" +"succeeded, people were astounded. <quote>The idea that making money was " +"possible by producing CC-licensed material was mind-blowing to people,</" +"quote> he said. <quote>They were like, <quote>I have to see it to believe " +"it.</quote></quote>" msgstr "" "Utilizaron al crowdfunding para financiar los costos del proyecto. Tenían " "unas veinte personas trabajando a tiempo completo por entre seis y diez " @@ -7602,7 +8631,7 @@ msgstr "" "creerlo.'”" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3865 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3869 msgid "" "The first film, which was released in 2006, was an experiment. It was so " "successful that Ton decided to set up the Blender Institute, an entity " @@ -7617,7 +8646,19 @@ msgstr "" "sus caracteres animados fueron recogidos por vendedores." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3873 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3877 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Francesco said that, over time, the Blender Institute projects have " +#| "gotten bigger and more prominent. That means the filmmaking process has " +#| "become more complex, combining technical experts and artists who focus on " +#| "storytelling. Francesco says the process is almost on an industrial scale " +#| "because of the number of moving parts. This requires a lot of specialized " +#| "assistance, but the Blender Institute has no problem finding the talent " +#| "it needs to help on projects. “Blender hardly does any recruiting for " +#| "film projects because the talent emerges naturally,” Francesco said. “So " +#| "many people want to work with us, and we can’t always hire them because " +#| "of budget constraints.”" msgid "" "Francesco said that, over time, the Blender Institute projects have gotten " "bigger and more prominent. That means the filmmaking process has become more " @@ -7625,9 +8666,10 @@ msgid "" "Francesco says the process is almost on an industrial scale because of the " "number of moving parts. This requires a lot of specialized assistance, but " "the Blender Institute has no problem finding the talent it needs to help on " -"projects. “Blender hardly does any recruiting for film projects because the " -"talent emerges naturally,” Francesco said. “So many people want to work " -"with us, and we can’t always hire them because of budget constraints.”" +"projects. <quote>Blender hardly does any recruiting for film projects " +"because the talent emerges naturally,</quote> Francesco said. <quote>So many " +"people want to work with us, and we can’t always hire them because of budget " +"constraints.</quote>" msgstr "" "Francesco dice que, al paso del tiempo, los proyectos del Blender Institute " "se han hecho más grandes y prominentes. Eso significa que el proceso de " @@ -7642,14 +8684,24 @@ msgstr "" "limitantes presupuestales.”" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3886 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3890 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Blender has had a lot of success raising money from its community over " +#| "the years. In many ways, the pitch has gotten easier to make. Not only " +#| "is crowdfunding simply more familiar to the public, but people know and " +#| "trust Blender to deliver, and Ton has developed a reputation as an " +#| "effective community leader and visionary for their work. “There is a " +#| "whole community who sees and understands the benefit of these projects,” " +#| "Francesco said." msgid "" "Blender has had a lot of success raising money from its community over the " "years. In many ways, the pitch has gotten easier to make. Not only is " "crowdfunding simply more familiar to the public, but people know and trust " "Blender to deliver, and Ton has developed a reputation as an effective " -"community leader and visionary for their work. “There is a whole community " -"who sees and understands the benefit of these projects,” Francesco said." +"community leader and visionary for their work. <quote>There is a whole " +"community who sees and understands the benefit of these projects,</quote> " +"Francesco said." msgstr "" "Blender ha tenido mucho éxito consiguiendo dinero de su comunidad a lo largo " "de los años. De muchas maneras, se ha vuelto más fácil hacer el discurso de " @@ -7660,13 +8712,22 @@ msgstr "" "comprende el beneficio de estos proyectos,” dice Francesco." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3895 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3899 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "While these benefits of each open-movie project make a compelling pitch " +#| "for crowdfunding campaigns, Francesco told us the Blender Institute has " +#| "found some limitations in the standard crowdfunding model where you " +#| "propose a specific project and ask for funding. “Once a project is over, " +#| "everyone goes home,” he said. “It is great fun, but then it ends. That is " +#| "a problem.”" msgid "" "While these benefits of each open-movie project make a compelling pitch for " "crowdfunding campaigns, Francesco told us the Blender Institute has found " "some limitations in the standard crowdfunding model where you propose a " -"specific project and ask for funding. “Once a project is over, everyone " -"goes home,” he said. “It is great fun, but then it ends. That is a problem.”" +"specific project and ask for funding. <quote>Once a project is over, " +"everyone goes home,</quote> he said. <quote>It is great fun, but then it " +"ends. That is a problem.</quote>" msgstr "" "Si bien los beneficios derivados de cada proyecto de película abierta son " "por sí solos un discurso de ventas efectivo para las campañas de " @@ -7677,7 +8738,7 @@ msgstr "" "entonces termina. Eso es un problema.”" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3903 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3908 msgid "" "To make their work more sustainable, they needed a way to receive ongoing " "support rather than on a project-by-project basis. Their solution is Blender " @@ -7707,12 +8768,18 @@ msgstr "" "otros materiales utilizados en varios proyectos." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3918 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3923 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "The continuous financial support provided by Blender Cloud subsidizes " +#| "five to six full-time employees at the Blender Institute. Francesco says " +#| "their goal is to grow their subscriber base. “This is our freedom,” he " +#| "told us, “and for artists, freedom is everything.”" msgid "" "The continuous financial support provided by Blender Cloud subsidizes five " "to six full-time employees at the Blender Institute. Francesco says their " -"goal is to grow their subscriber base. “This is our freedom,” he told us, " -"“and for artists, freedom is everything.”" +"goal is to grow their subscriber base. <quote>This is our freedom,</quote> " +"he told us, <quote>and for artists, freedom is everything.</quote>" msgstr "" "El apoyo financiero continuo que provee Blender Cloud cubre el costo de " "entre cinco y seis empleados de tiempo completo en Blender Institute. " @@ -7720,7 +8787,7 @@ msgstr "" "nuesra libertad,” nos dice, ”y para los artistas, la libertad lo es todo.”" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3925 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3930 msgid "" "Blender Cloud is the primary revenue stream of the Blender Institute. The " "Blender Foundation is funded primarily by donations, and that money goes " @@ -7738,7 +8805,7 @@ msgstr "" "productos Blender." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3934 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3939 msgid "" "Ton has worked on projects relating to his Blender software for nearly " "twenty years. Throughout most of that time, he has been committed to making " @@ -7751,15 +8818,24 @@ msgstr "" "abierto. Vender una licencia nunca fue parte de su modelo de negocios." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3941 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3946 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Since 2006, he has been making films available along with all of their " +#| "source material. He says he has hardly ever seen people stepping into " +#| "Blender’s shoes and trying to make money off of their content. Ton " +#| "believes this is because the true value of what they do is in the " +#| "creative and production process. “Even when you share everything, all " +#| "your original sources, it still takes a lot of talent, skills, time, and " +#| "budget to reproduce what you did,” Ton said." msgid "" "Since 2006, he has been making films available along with all of their " "source material. He says he has hardly ever seen people stepping into " "Blender’s shoes and trying to make money off of their content. Ton believes " "this is because the true value of what they do is in the creative and " -"production process. “Even when you share everything, all your original " +"production process. <quote>Even when you share everything, all your original " "sources, it still takes a lot of talent, skills, time, and budget to " -"reproduce what you did,” Ton said." +"reproduce what you did,</quote> Ton said." msgstr "" "Desde 2006, ha liberado tanto las peliculas como todo su material fuente. " "Dice que prácticamente nunca ha visto que terceras personas se pongan los " @@ -7770,17 +8846,17 @@ msgstr "" "presupuesto reproducir lo que hiciste”, dijo Ton." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3951 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3956 msgid "For Ton and Blender, it all comes back to doing." msgstr "Para Ton y Blender, a fin de cuentas todo se trata de hacer." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3955 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3960 msgid "Cards Against Humanity" msgstr "Cards Against Humanity" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3958 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3963 msgid "" "Cards Against Humanity is a private, for-profit company that makes a popular " "party game by the same name. Founded in 2011 in the U.S." @@ -7790,12 +8866,12 @@ msgstr "" "Estados Unidos." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3963 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3968 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.cardsagainsthumanity.com\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://www.cardsagainsthumanity.com\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3965 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3970 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for physical " "copies" @@ -7804,24 +8880,31 @@ msgstr "" "físicas" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3968 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3973 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 3, 2016" msgstr "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Fecha de la entrevista</emphasis>: 3 de febrero, " "2016" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3971 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3976 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Max Temkin, cofounder" msgstr "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Entrevistado</emphasis>: Max Temkin, cofundador" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3979 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3984 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "If you ask cofounder Max Temkin, there is nothing particularly " +#| "interesting about the Cards Against Humanity business model. “We make a " +#| "product. We sell it for money. Then we spend less money than we make,” " +#| "Max said." msgid "" "If you ask cofounder Max Temkin, there is nothing particularly interesting " -"about the Cards Against Humanity business model. “We make a product. We sell " -"it for money. Then we spend less money than we make,” Max said." +"about the Cards Against Humanity business model. <quote>We make a product. " +"We sell it for money. Then we spend less money than we make,</quote> Max " +"said." msgstr "" "Si se le pregunta al cofundador Max Temkin, no hay nada particularmente " "interesante en el modelo de negocios de Cards Against Humanity. Dice Max, " @@ -7829,15 +8912,24 @@ msgstr "" "del que ganamos”." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3985 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3990 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "He is right. Cards Against Humanity is a simple party game, modeled after " +#| "the game Apples to Apples. To play, one player asks a question or fill-in-" +#| "the-blank statement from a black card, and the other players submit their " +#| "funniest white card in response. The catch is that all of the cards are " +#| "filled with crude, gruesome, and otherwise awful things. For the right " +#| "kind of people (“horrible people,” according to Cards Against Humanity " +#| "advertising), this makes for a hilarious and fun game." msgid "" "He is right. Cards Against Humanity is a simple party game, modeled after " "the game Apples to Apples. To play, one player asks a question or fill-in-" "the-blank statement from a black card, and the other players submit their " "funniest white card in response. The catch is that all of the cards are " "filled with crude, gruesome, and otherwise awful things. For the right kind " -"of people (“horrible people,” according to Cards Against Humanity " -"advertising), this makes for a hilarious and fun game." +"of people (<quote>horrible people,</quote> according to Cards Against " +"Humanity advertising), this makes for a hilarious and fun game." msgstr "" "Tiene razón. Cards Against Humanity es un simple juego de fiestas, inspirado " "en el juego Manzanas a Manzanas. Para jugar, un jugador hace una pregunta o " @@ -7849,7 +8941,7 @@ msgstr "" "lograr un juego hilarante y divertido." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3995 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4000 msgid "" "The revenue model is simple. Physical copies of the game are sold for a " "profit. And it works. At the time of this writing, Cards Against Humanity is " @@ -7864,7 +8956,7 @@ msgstr "" "oficiales, así como ediciones internacionales." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4003 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4008 msgid "" "But Cards Against Humanity is also available for free. Anyone can download a " "digital version of the game on the Cards Against Humanity website. More than " @@ -7877,7 +8969,7 @@ msgstr "" "contar las descargas." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4009 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4014 msgid "" "The game is available under an Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license " "(CC BY-NC-SA). That means, in addition to copying the game, anyone can " @@ -7892,7 +8984,7 @@ msgstr "" "juego es todo un nuevo juego por sí solo." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4017 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4022 msgid "" "All together, these factors—the crass tone of the game and company, the free " "download, the openness to fans remixing the game—give the game a massive " @@ -7903,7 +8995,7 @@ msgstr "" "una base de seguidores masiva." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4022 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4027 msgid "" "Their success is not the result of a grand plan. Instead, Cards Against " "Humanity was the last in a long line of games and comedy projects that Max " @@ -7928,23 +9020,34 @@ msgstr "" "$15,000. El juego salió oficialmente a mercado en mayo de 2011." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4035 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4040 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "The game caught on quickly, and it has only grown more popular over time. " +#| "Max says the eight founders never had a meeting where they decided to " +#| "make it an ongoing business. “It kind of just happened,” he said." msgid "" "The game caught on quickly, and it has only grown more popular over time. " "Max says the eight founders never had a meeting where they decided to make " -"it an ongoing business. “It kind of just happened,” he said." +"it an ongoing business. <quote>It kind of just happened,</quote> he said." msgstr "" "El juego tuvo éxito rápidamente, y con el tiempo su popularidad ha seguido " "creciendo. Max dice que los ocho fundadores nuna tuvieron una reunión donde " "decidieran hacer de éste un negocio continuado. ”Simplemente ocurrió,” dice." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4041 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4046 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "But this tale of a “happy accident” belies marketing genius. Just like " +#| "the game, the Cards Against Humanity brand is irreverent and memorable. " +#| "It is hard to forget a company that calls the FAQ on their website “Your " +#| "dumb questions.”" msgid "" -"But this tale of a “happy accident” belies marketing genius. Just like the " -"game, the Cards Against Humanity brand is irreverent and memorable. It is " -"hard to forget a company that calls the FAQ on their website “Your dumb " -"questions.”" +"But this tale of a <quote>happy accident</quote> belies marketing genius. " +"Just like the game, the Cards Against Humanity brand is irreverent and " +"memorable. It is hard to forget a company that calls the FAQ on their " +"website <quote>Your dumb questions.</quote>" msgstr "" "Pero este relato de un ”feliz accidente” desmiente a los genios de la " "mercadotecnia. Tal como lo es el juego, la marca Cards Against Humanity es " @@ -7952,7 +9055,20 @@ msgstr "" "preguntas frecuentes de su sitio Web ”Tus tontas preguntas.”" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4047 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4052 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Like most quality satire, however, there is more to the joke than " +#| "vulgarity and shock value. The company’s marketing efforts around Black " +#| "Friday illustrate this particularly well. For those outside the United " +#| "States, Black Friday is the term for the day after the Thanksgiving " +#| "holiday, the biggest shopping day of the year. It is an incredibly " +#| "important day for Cards Against Humanity, like it is for all U.S. " +#| "retailers. Max said they struggled with what to do on Black Friday " +#| "because they didn’t want to support what he called the “orgy of " +#| "consumerism” the day has become, particularly since it follows a day that " +#| "is about being grateful for what you have. In 2013, after deliberating, " +#| "they decided to have an Everything Costs $5 More sale." msgid "" "Like most quality satire, however, there is more to the joke than vulgarity " "and shock value. The company’s marketing efforts around Black Friday " @@ -7961,10 +9077,10 @@ msgid "" "biggest shopping day of the year. It is an incredibly important day for " "Cards Against Humanity, like it is for all U.S. retailers. Max said they " "struggled with what to do on Black Friday because they didn’t want to " -"support what he called the “orgy of consumerism” the day has become, " -"particularly since it follows a day that is about being grateful for what " -"you have. In 2013, after deliberating, they decided to have an Everything " -"Costs $5 More sale." +"support what he called the <quote>orgy of consumerism</quote> the day has " +"become, particularly since it follows a day that is about being grateful for " +"what you have. In 2013, after deliberating, they decided to have an " +"Everything Costs $5 More sale." msgstr "" "Como buena parte de la sátira de calidad, sin embargo, el chiste va más allá " "de la vulgaridad y el valor de impacto. Los esfuerzos de la compañía para " @@ -7981,23 +9097,34 @@ msgstr "" "su Venta de Todo Cuesta $5 Más." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4061 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4065 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "“We sweated it out the night before Black Friday, wondering if our fans " +#| "were going to hate us for it,” he said. “But it made us laugh so we went " +#| "with it. People totally caught the joke.”" msgid "" -"“We sweated it out the night before Black Friday, wondering if our fans were " -"going to hate us for it,” he said. “But it made us laugh so we went with it. " -"People totally caught the joke.”" +"<quote>We sweated it out the night before Black Friday, wondering if our " +"fans were going to hate us for it,</quote> he said. <quote>But it made us " +"laugh so we went with it. People totally caught the joke.</quote>" msgstr "" "”Estábamos muy nerviosos la noche antes del Viernes Negro, preguntándonos si " "nuestros _fans_ nos odiarían por eso,” dijo. ”Pero nos hizo reir, así que lo " "hicimos. La gente aceptó perfectamente el chiste.”" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4066 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4071 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "This sort of bold transparency delights the media, but more importantly, " +#| "it engages their fans. “One of the most surprising things you can do in " +#| "capitalism is just be honest with people,” Max said. “It shocks people " +#| "that there is transparency about what you are doing.”" msgid "" "This sort of bold transparency delights the media, but more importantly, it " -"engages their fans. “One of the most surprising things you can do in " -"capitalism is just be honest with people,” Max said. “It shocks people that " -"there is transparency about what you are doing.”" +"engages their fans. <quote>One of the most surprising things you can do in " +"capitalism is just be honest with people,</quote> Max said. <quote>It shocks " +"people that there is transparency about what you are doing.</quote>" msgstr "" "Este tipo de transparencia valiente le encanta a los medios, pero más " "importante, involucra a sus seguidores. ”Una de las cosas más sorprendentes " @@ -8006,13 +9133,22 @@ msgstr "" "hacemos.”" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4073 -msgid "" -"Max also likened it to a grand improv scene. “If we do something a little " -"subversive and unexpected, the public wants to be a part of the joke.” One " -"year they did a Give Cards Against Humanity $5 event, where people literally " -"paid them five dollars for no reason. Their fans wanted to make the joke " -"funnier by making it successful. They made $70,000 in a single day." +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4078 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Max also likened it to a grand improv scene. “If we do something a little " +#| "subversive and unexpected, the public wants to be a part of the joke.” " +#| "One year they did a Give Cards Against Humanity $5 event, where people " +#| "literally paid them five dollars for no reason. Their fans wanted to make " +#| "the joke funnier by making it successful. They made $70,000 in a single " +#| "day." +msgid "" +"Max also likened it to a grand improv scene. <quote>If we do something a " +"little subversive and unexpected, the public wants to be a part of the joke." +"</quote> One year they did a Give Cards Against Humanity $5 event, where " +"people literally paid them five dollars for no reason. Their fans wanted to " +"make the joke funnier by making it successful. They made $70,000 in a single " +"day." msgstr "" "Max también le encuentra paralelos con la práctica de la improvisación. ”Si " "hacemos algo un poco subversivo e inesperado, el público quiere ser parte " @@ -8022,7 +9158,19 @@ msgstr "" "haciéndolo exitoso. Obtuvieron $70,000 en un sólo día." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4081 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4086 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "This remarkable trust they have in their customers is what inspired their " +#| "decision to apply a Creative Commons license to the game. Trusting your " +#| "customers to reuse and remix your work requires a leap of faith. Cards " +#| "Against Humanity obviously isn’t afraid of doing the unexpected, but " +#| "there are lines even they do not want to cross. Before applying the " +#| "license, Max said they worried that some fans would adapt the game to " +#| "include all of the jokes they intentionally never made because they " +#| "crossed that line. “It happened, and the world didn’t end,” Max said. “If " +#| "that is the worst cost of using CC, I’d pay that a hundred times over " +#| "because there are so many benefits.”" msgid "" "This remarkable trust they have in their customers is what inspired their " "decision to apply a Creative Commons license to the game. Trusting your " @@ -8030,10 +9178,10 @@ msgid "" "Against Humanity obviously isn’t afraid of doing the unexpected, but there " "are lines even they do not want to cross. Before applying the license, Max " "said they worried that some fans would adapt the game to include all of the " -"jokes they intentionally never made because they crossed that line. “It " -"happened, and the world didn’t end,” Max said. “If that is the worst cost of " -"using CC, I’d pay that a hundred times over because there are so many " -"benefits.”" +"jokes they intentionally never made because they crossed that line. " +"<quote>It happened, and the world didn’t end,</quote> Max said. <quote>If " +"that is the worst cost of using CC, I’d pay that a hundred times over " +"because there are so many benefits.</quote>" msgstr "" "Esta notable confianza que tienen en sus clientes es lo que los inspiró a " "aplicar una licencia Creative Commons a su juego. Confiar en que sus " @@ -8047,7 +9195,7 @@ msgstr "" "veces, porque los beneficios son muchísimos.”" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4094 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4099 msgid "" "Any successful product inspires its biggest fans to create remixes of it, " "but unsanctioned adaptations are more likely to fly under the radar. The " @@ -8063,12 +9211,18 @@ msgstr "" "del juego creadas por los seguidores." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4102 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4107 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Max said, “CC was a no-brainer for us because it gets the most people " +#| "involved. Making the game free and available under a CC license led to " +#| "the unbelievable situation where we are one of the best-marketed games in " +#| "the world, and we have never spent a dime on marketing.”" msgid "" -"Max said, “CC was a no-brainer for us because it gets the most people " +"Max said, <quote>CC was a no-brainer for us because it gets the most people " "involved. Making the game free and available under a CC license led to the " "unbelievable situation where we are one of the best-marketed games in the " -"world, and we have never spent a dime on marketing.”" +"world, and we have never spent a dime on marketing.</quote>" msgstr "" "Max dijo, ”CC resultó una decisión natural para nosotros porque atrae a una " "muy gran cantidad de gente. Hacer que el juego fuera gratuito y disponible " @@ -8077,18 +9231,30 @@ msgstr "" "en la comercialización.”" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4109 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4114 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Of course, there are limits to what the company allows its customers to " +#| "do with the game. They chose the Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike " +#| "license because it restricts people from using the game to make money. It " +#| "also requires that adaptations of the game be made available under the " +#| "same licensing terms if they are shared publicly. Cards Against Humanity " +#| "also polices its brand. “We feel like we’re the only ones who can use our " +#| "brand and our game and make money off of it,” Max said. About 99.9 " +#| "percent of the time, they just send an email to those making commercial " +#| "use of the game, and that is the end of it. There have only been a " +#| "handful of instances where they had to get a lawyer involved." msgid "" "Of course, there are limits to what the company allows its customers to do " "with the game. They chose the Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license " "because it restricts people from using the game to make money. It also " "requires that adaptations of the game be made available under the same " "licensing terms if they are shared publicly. Cards Against Humanity also " -"polices its brand. “We feel like we’re the only ones who can use our brand " -"and our game and make money off of it,” Max said. About 99.9 percent of the " -"time, they just send an email to those making commercial use of the game, " -"and that is the end of it. There have only been a handful of instances where " -"they had to get a lawyer involved." +"polices its brand. <quote>We feel like we’re the only ones who can use our " +"brand and our game and make money off of it,</quote> Max said. About 99.9 " +"percent of the time, they just send an email to those making commercial use " +"of the game, and that is the end of it. There have only been a handful of " +"instances where they had to get a lawyer involved." msgstr "" "Claro, hay límites a lo que la compañía permite a sus clientes hacer con el " "juego. Eligieron el licenciamiento Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual " @@ -8102,15 +9268,25 @@ msgstr "" "habido un puñado de casos en los que involucraron a un abogado." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4123 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4128 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Just as there is more than meets the eye to the Cards Against Humanity " +#| "business model, the same can be said of the game itself. To be playable, " +#| "every white card has to work syntactically with enough black cards. The " +#| "eight creators invest an incredible amount of work into creating new " +#| "cards for the game. “We have daylong arguments about commas,” Max said. " +#| "“The slacker tone of the cards gives people the impression that it is " +#| "easy to write them, but it is actually a lot of work and quibbling.”" msgid "" "Just as there is more than meets the eye to the Cards Against Humanity " "business model, the same can be said of the game itself. To be playable, " "every white card has to work syntactically with enough black cards. The " "eight creators invest an incredible amount of work into creating new cards " -"for the game. “We have daylong arguments about commas,” Max said. “The " -"slacker tone of the cards gives people the impression that it is easy to " -"write them, but it is actually a lot of work and quibbling.”" +"for the game. <quote>We have daylong arguments about commas,</quote> Max " +"said. <quote>The slacker tone of the cards gives people the impression that " +"it is easy to write them, but it is actually a lot of work and quibbling.</" +"quote>" msgstr "" "Tal como el modelo de negocios de Cards Against Humanity va más allá de lo " "obvio, lo mismo puede decirse del juego mismo. Para ser jugada, toda tarjeta " @@ -8122,7 +9298,7 @@ msgstr "" "cantidad de trabajo y de atención a las sutilezas.”" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4133 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4139 msgid "" "That means cocreation with their fans really doesn’t work. The company has a " "submission mechanism on their website, and they get thousands of " @@ -8144,13 +9320,20 @@ msgstr "" "publicado, una vez que la gente crea sus propias adaptaciones del juego." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4144 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4150 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "For all of their success, the creators of Cards Against Humanity are only " +#| "partially motivated by money. Max says they have always been interested " +#| "in the Walt Disney philosophy of financial success. “We don’t make jokes " +#| "and games to make money—we make money so we can make more jokes and " +#| "games,” he said." msgid "" "For all of their success, the creators of Cards Against Humanity are only " "partially motivated by money. Max says they have always been interested in " -"the Walt Disney philosophy of financial success. “We don’t make jokes and " -"games to make money—we make money so we can make more jokes and games,” he " -"said." +"the Walt Disney philosophy of financial success. <quote>We don’t make jokes " +"and games to make money—we make money so we can make more jokes and games,</" +"quote> he said." msgstr "" "Y a pesar de todo su éxito, los creadores de Cards Against Humanity sólo " "están parcialmente motivados por el dinero. Max dice que siempre han estado " @@ -8159,13 +9342,22 @@ msgstr "" "más chistes y juegos\", dice." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4151 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4157 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "In fact, the company has given more than $4 million to various charities " +#| "and causes. “Cards is not our life plan,” Max said. “We all have other " +#| "interests and hobbies. We are passionate about other things going on in " +#| "our lives. A lot of the activism we have done comes out of us taking " +#| "things from the rest of our lives and channeling some of the excitement " +#| "from the game into it.”" msgid "" "In fact, the company has given more than $4 million to various charities and " -"causes. “Cards is not our life plan,” Max said. “We all have other interests " -"and hobbies. We are passionate about other things going on in our lives. A " -"lot of the activism we have done comes out of us taking things from the rest " -"of our lives and channeling some of the excitement from the game into it.”" +"causes. <quote>Cards is not our life plan,</quote> Max said. <quote>We all " +"have other interests and hobbies. We are passionate about other things going " +"on in our lives. A lot of the activism we have done comes out of us taking " +"things from the rest of our lives and channeling some of the excitement from " +"the game into it.</quote>" msgstr "" "De hecho, la compañía ha dado más de 4 millones de dólares a diversas " "caridades y otras causas. ”Las cartas no son nuestro plan de vida,” dice " @@ -8175,7 +9367,7 @@ msgstr "" "juego hacia ellas.”" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4159 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4166 msgid "" "Seeing money as fuel rather than the ultimate goal is what has enabled them " "to embrace Creative Commons licensing without reservation. CC licensing " @@ -8191,12 +9383,18 @@ msgstr "" "obtener más dinero de los clientes." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4167 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4173 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "“It’s not right for everyone to release everything under CC licensing,” " +#| "Max said. “If your only goal is to make a lot of money, then CC is not " +#| "best strategy. This kind of business model, though, speaks to your " +#| "values, and who you are and why you’re making things.”" msgid "" -"“It’s not right for everyone to release everything under CC licensing,” Max " -"said. “If your only goal is to make a lot of money, then CC is not best " -"strategy. This kind of business model, though, speaks to your values, and " -"who you are and why you’re making things.”" +"<quote>It’s not right for everyone to release everything under CC licensing," +"</quote> Max said. <quote>If your only goal is to make a lot of money, then " +"CC is not best strategy. This kind of business model, though, speaks to your " +"values, and who you are and why you’re making things.</quote>" msgstr "" "”No es para todos liberar todo bajo un licenciamiento CC,” dice Max. ”Si su " "único objetivo es hacer mucho dinero, CC puede no ser la mejor estrategia. " @@ -8204,12 +9402,12 @@ msgstr "" "quién es usted, y por qué está haciendo las cosas.”" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4175 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4181 msgid "The Conversation" msgstr "The Conversation (La conversación)" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4178 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4184 msgid "" "The Conversation is an independent source of news, sourced from the academic " "and research community and delivered direct to the public over the Internet. " @@ -8220,12 +9418,12 @@ msgstr "" "través de Internet. Fundado en el 2011 en Australia." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4183 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4189 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://theconversation.com\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://theconversation.com\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4185 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4191 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging content " "creators (universities pay membership fees to have their faculties serve as " @@ -8236,14 +9434,14 @@ msgstr "" "tener a sus profesores como escritores), donaciones" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4192 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4198 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Andrew Jaspan, founder" msgstr "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Entrevistado</emphasis>: Andrew Jaspan, fundador" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4200 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4206 msgid "" "Andrew Jaspan spent years as an editor of major newspapers including the " "Observer in London, the Sunday Herald in Glasgow, and the Age in Melbourne, " @@ -8261,7 +9459,7 @@ msgstr "" "realizó un compromiso de regresar con un modelo alternativo." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4210 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4216 msgid "" "Around the time he left his job as editor of the Melbourne Age, Andrew " "wondered where citizens would get news grounded in fact and evidence rather " @@ -8277,7 +9475,7 @@ msgstr "" "sexy." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4217 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4223 msgid "" "While at the Age, he’d become friends with a vice-chancellor of a university " "in Melbourne who encouraged him to talk to smart people across campus—an " @@ -8316,7 +9514,7 @@ msgstr "" "público pero no tan bueno al exhibir su experiencia ante amplias audiencias." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4238 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4244 msgid "" "Andrew believed he could to help connect academics back into the public " "arena, and maybe help society find solutions to big problems. He thought " @@ -8342,7 +9540,7 @@ msgstr "" "escribiendo lo que ellos quieran." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4251 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4257 msgid "" "The people he spoke to liked this idea, and Andrew embarked on raising money " "and support with the help of the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial " @@ -8366,7 +9564,7 @@ msgstr "" "licenciado con Creative Commons." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4264 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4270 msgid "" "The Conversation is founded on the belief that underpinning a functioning " "democracy is access to independent, high-quality, informative journalism. " @@ -8386,12 +9584,12 @@ msgstr "" "fidedigna de información basada en evidencia." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4277 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4283 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://theconversation.com/us/charter\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://theconversation.com/us/charter\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4275 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4281 msgid "" "Andrew worked hard to reinvent a methodology for creating reliable, credible " "content. He introduced strict new working practices, a charter, and codes of " @@ -8421,7 +9619,7 @@ msgstr "" "contenido y poder compartirlo o republicarlo." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4290 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4296 msgid "" "Creative Commons help with these goals; articles are published with the " "Attribution- NoDerivs license (CC BY-ND). They’re freely available for " @@ -8445,7 +9643,7 @@ msgstr "" "que hace The Conversation." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4302 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4308 msgid "" "When readers come across the Conversation, they seem to like what they find " "and recommend it to their friends, peers, and networks. Readership has " @@ -8461,7 +9659,7 @@ msgstr "" "través de ser un proveedor acreditado para el feed de Noticias de Google." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4310 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4316 msgid "" "It’s usual for the founders of any company to ask themselves what kind of " "company it should be. It quickly became clear to the founders of the " @@ -8479,7 +9677,7 @@ msgstr "" "no recibe ningún anuncio y es una empresa sin ánimo de lucro." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4319 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4325 msgid "" "There are now different editions of the Conversation for Africa, the United " "Kingdom, France, and the United States, in addition to the one for " @@ -8499,7 +9697,7 @@ msgstr "" "del mundo." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4329 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4335 msgid "" "Additionally, each edition has its own set of founding partners, strategic " "partners, and funders. They’ve received funding from foundations, " @@ -8517,13 +9715,20 @@ msgstr "" "y las características distintivas del servicio." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4338 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4344 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "When professors from member universities write an article, there is some " +#| "branding of the university associated with the article. On the " +#| "Conversation website, paying university members are listed as “members " +#| "and funders.” Early participants may be designated as “founding members,” " +#| "with seats on the editorial advisory board." msgid "" "When professors from member universities write an article, there is some " "branding of the university associated with the article. On the Conversation " -"website, paying university members are listed as “members and funders.” " -"Early participants may be designated as “founding members,” with seats on " -"the editorial advisory board." +"website, paying university members are listed as <quote>members and funders." +"</quote> Early participants may be designated as <quote>founding members,</" +"quote> with seats on the editorial advisory board." msgstr "" "Cuando los profesores de las universidades miembro escriben un artículo, hay " "cierta publicidad de la universidad asociada con el artículo. En el sitio " @@ -8533,7 +9738,7 @@ msgstr "" "editorial asesor." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4345 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4352 msgid "" "Academics are not paid for their contributions, but they get free editing " "from a professional (four to five hours per piece, on average). They also " @@ -8553,7 +9758,7 @@ msgstr "" "dónde se está republicando el artículo y el número de lecturas por artículo." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4355 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4362 msgid "" "The Conversation plans to expand the dashboard to show not just reach but " "impact. This tracks activities, behaviors, and events that occurred as a " @@ -8570,7 +9775,7 @@ msgstr "" "consulta de una empresa sobre un tema." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4363 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4370 msgid "" "These reach and impact metrics show the benefits of membership. With the " "Conversation, universities can engage with the public and show why they’re " @@ -8581,13 +9786,20 @@ msgstr "" "y moestrar por qué son de valor." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4368 -msgid "" -"With its tagline, “Academic Rigor, Journalistic Flair,” the Conversation " -"represents a new form of journalism that contributes to a more informed " -"citizenry and improved democracy around the world. Its open business model " -"and use of Creative Commons show how it’s possible to generate both a public " -"good and operational revenue at the same time." +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4375 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "With its tagline, “Academic Rigor, Journalistic Flair,” the Conversation " +#| "represents a new form of journalism that contributes to a more informed " +#| "citizenry and improved democracy around the world. Its open business " +#| "model and use of Creative Commons show how it’s possible to generate both " +#| "a public good and operational revenue at the same time." +msgid "" +"With its tagline, <quote>Academic Rigor, Journalistic Flair,</quote> the " +"Conversation represents a new form of journalism that contributes to a more " +"informed citizenry and improved democracy around the world. Its open " +"business model and use of Creative Commons show how it’s possible to " +"generate both a public good and operational revenue at the same time." msgstr "" "Con su eslógan \"Rigor académico, talento periodístico\", The Conversation " "representa un nuevo tipo de periodismo que contribuye a una ciudadanía más " @@ -8597,12 +9809,12 @@ msgstr "" "tiempo." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4377 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4384 msgid "Cory Doctorow" msgstr "Cory Doctorow" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4380 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4387 msgid "" "Cory Doctorow is a science fiction writer, activist, blogger, and " "journalist. Based in the U.S." @@ -8611,7 +9823,7 @@ msgstr "" "periodista. Vive en los Estados Unidos." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4383 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4390 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://craphound.com\"/> and <ulink url=\"http://boingboing.net" "\"/>" @@ -8620,7 +9832,7 @@ msgstr "" "\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4386 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4393 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for physical " "copies (book sales), pay-what-you-want, selling translation rights to books" @@ -8630,21 +9842,29 @@ msgstr "" "traducción de los libros" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4390 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4397 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: January 12, 2016" msgstr "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Fecha de la entrevista</emphasis>: 12 de enero, " "2016" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4398 -msgid "" -"Cory Doctorow hates the term “business model,” and he is adamant that he is " -"not a brand. “To me, branding is the idea that you can take a thing that has " -"certain qualities, remove the qualities, and go on selling it,” he said. " -"“I’m not out there trying to figure out how to be a brand. I’m doing this " -"thing that animates me to work crazy insane hours because it’s the most " -"important thing I know how to do.”" +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4405 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Cory Doctorow hates the term “business model,” and he is adamant that he " +#| "is not a brand. “To me, branding is the idea that you can take a thing " +#| "that has certain qualities, remove the qualities, and go on selling it,” " +#| "he said. “I’m not out there trying to figure out how to be a brand. I’m " +#| "doing this thing that animates me to work crazy insane hours because it’s " +#| "the most important thing I know how to do.”" +msgid "" +"Cory Doctorow hates the term <quote>business model,</quote> and he is " +"adamant that he is not a brand. <quote>To me, branding is the idea that you " +"can take a thing that has certain qualities, remove the qualities, and go on " +"selling it,</quote> he said. <quote>I’m not out there trying to figure out " +"how to be a brand. I’m doing this thing that animates me to work crazy " +"insane hours because it’s the most important thing I know how to do.</quote>" msgstr "" "Cory Doctorow odia el término ”modelo de negocios”, y es firme en sostener " "que él no es una marca. ”Para mí, armar una marca es esta idea de que se " @@ -8655,7 +9875,7 @@ msgstr "" "hacer.”" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4407 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4414 msgid "" "Cory calls himself an entrepreneur. He likes to say his success came from " "making stuff people happened to like and then getting out of the way of them " @@ -8666,7 +9886,7 @@ msgstr "" "camino para que ellos lo compartieran." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4412 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4419 msgid "" "He is a science fiction writer, activist, blogger, and journalist. " "Beginning with his first novel, Down and Out in the Magic Kingdom, in 2003, " @@ -8686,7 +9906,7 @@ msgstr "" "que los creadores pueden ganarse la vida en la era de Internet." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4423 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4430 msgid "" "Cory primarily makes money by selling physical books, but he also takes on " "paid speaking gigs and is experimenting with pay-what-you-want models for " @@ -8697,7 +9917,22 @@ msgstr "" "modelos de pague-lo-que-quiera para su trabajo." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4428 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4435 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "While Cory’s extensive body of fiction work has a large following, he is " +#| "just as well known for his activism. He is an outspoken opponent of " +#| "restrictive copyright and digital-rights-management (DRM) technology used " +#| "to lock up content because he thinks both undermine creators and the " +#| "public interest. He is currently a special adviser at the Electronic " +#| "Frontier Foundation, where he is involved in a lawsuit challenging the U." +#| "S. law that protects DRM. Cory says his political work doesn’t directly " +#| "make him money, but if he gave it up, he thinks he would lose credibility " +#| "and, more importantly, lose the drive that propels him to create. “My " +#| "political work is a different expression of the same artistic-political " +#| "urge,” he said. “I have this suspicion that if I gave up the things that " +#| "didn’t make me money, the genuineness would leach out of what I do, and " +#| "the quality that causes people to like what I do would be gone.”" msgid "" "While Cory’s extensive body of fiction work has a large following, he is " "just as well known for his activism. He is an outspoken opponent of " @@ -8707,11 +9942,11 @@ msgid "" "Foundation, where he is involved in a lawsuit challenging the U.S. law that " "protects DRM. Cory says his political work doesn’t directly make him money, " "but if he gave it up, he thinks he would lose credibility and, more " -"importantly, lose the drive that propels him to create. “My political work " -"is a different expression of the same artistic-political urge,” he said. “I " -"have this suspicion that if I gave up the things that didn’t make me money, " -"the genuineness would leach out of what I do, and the quality that causes " -"people to like what I do would be gone.”" +"importantly, lose the drive that propels him to create. <quote>My political " +"work is a different expression of the same artistic-political urge,</quote> " +"he said. <quote>I have this suspicion that if I gave up the things that " +"didn’t make me money, the genuineness would leach out of what I do, and the " +"quality that causes people to like what I do would be gone.</quote>" msgstr "" "Mientras que el trabajo de ficción de Cory tiene muchos seguidores, es " "igualmente reconocido por su activismo. Es un destacado oponente del derecho " @@ -8729,18 +9964,31 @@ msgstr "" "que hace que lo que hago le guste a la gente.”" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4445 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4452 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Cory has been financially successful, but money is not his primary " +#| "motivation. At the start of his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, " +#| "he stresses how important it is not to become an artist if your goal is " +#| "to get rich. “Entering the arts because you want to get rich is like " +#| "buying lottery tickets because you want to get rich,” he wrote. “It might " +#| "work, but it almost certainly won’t. Though, of course, someone always " +#| "wins the lottery.” He acknowledges that he is one of the lucky few to " +#| "“make it,” but he says he would be writing no matter what. “I am " +#| "compelled to write,” he wrote. “Long before I wrote to keep myself fed " +#| "and sheltered, I was writing to keep myself sane.”" msgid "" "Cory has been financially successful, but money is not his primary " "motivation. At the start of his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, he " "stresses how important it is not to become an artist if your goal is to get " -"rich. “Entering the arts because you want to get rich is like buying lottery " -"tickets because you want to get rich,” he wrote. “It might work, but it " -"almost certainly won’t. Though, of course, someone always wins the " -"lottery.” He acknowledges that he is one of the lucky few to “make it,” but " -"he says he would be writing no matter what. “I am compelled to write,” he " -"wrote. “Long before I wrote to keep myself fed and sheltered, I was writing " -"to keep myself sane.”" +"rich. <quote>Entering the arts because you want to get rich is like buying " +"lottery tickets because you want to get rich,</quote> he wrote. <quote>It " +"might work, but it almost certainly won’t. Though, of course, someone always " +"wins the lottery.</quote> He acknowledges that he is one of the lucky few to " +"<quote>make it,</quote> but he says he would be writing no matter what. " +"<quote>I am compelled to write,</quote> he wrote. <quote>Long before I " +"wrote to keep myself fed and sheltered, I was writing to keep myself sane.</" +"quote>" msgstr "" "Cory ha sido financieramente exitoso, pero el dinero no es su motivación " "primaria. Al comienzo de su libro Information Doesn't Want to Be Free, " @@ -8754,15 +10002,24 @@ msgstr "" "estaba escribiendo para mantenerme cuerdo.”" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4458 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4466 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Just as money is not his primary motivation to create, money is not his " +#| "primary motivation to share. For Cory, sharing his work with Creative " +#| "Commons is a moral imperative. “It felt morally right,” he said of his " +#| "decision to adopt Creative Commons licenses. “I felt like I wasn’t " +#| "contributing to the culture of surveillance and censorship that has been " +#| "created to try to stop copying.” In other words, using CC licenses " +#| "symbolizes his worldview." msgid "" "Just as money is not his primary motivation to create, money is not his " "primary motivation to share. For Cory, sharing his work with Creative " -"Commons is a moral imperative. “It felt morally right,” he said of his " -"decision to adopt Creative Commons licenses. “I felt like I wasn’t " -"contributing to the culture of surveillance and censorship that has been " -"created to try to stop copying.” In other words, using CC licenses " -"symbolizes his worldview." +"Commons is a moral imperative. <quote>It felt morally right,</quote> he said " +"of his decision to adopt Creative Commons licenses. <quote>I felt like I " +"wasn’t contributing to the culture of surveillance and censorship that has " +"been created to try to stop copying.</quote> In other words, using CC " +"licenses symbolizes his worldview." msgstr "" "Del mismo modo que el dinero no es su principal motivación para crear, el " "dinero no es su motivación principal para compartir. Para Cory, compartir su " @@ -8774,15 +10031,24 @@ msgstr "" "simboliza su visión de mundo." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4468 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4476 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "He also feels like there is a solid commercial basis for licensing his " +#| "work with Creative Commons. While he acknowledges he hasn’t been able to " +#| "do a controlled experiment to compare the commercial benefits of " +#| "licensing with CC against reserving all rights, he thinks he has sold " +#| "more books using a CC license than he would have without it. Cory says " +#| "his goal is to convince people they should pay him for his work. “I " +#| "started by not calling them thieves,” he said." msgid "" "He also feels like there is a solid commercial basis for licensing his work " "with Creative Commons. While he acknowledges he hasn’t been able to do a " "controlled experiment to compare the commercial benefits of licensing with " "CC against reserving all rights, he thinks he has sold more books using a CC " "license than he would have without it. Cory says his goal is to convince " -"people they should pay him for his work. “I started by not calling them " -"thieves,” he said." +"people they should pay him for his work. <quote>I started by not calling " +"them thieves,</quote> he said." msgstr "" "También siente que hay una base comercial sólida para licenciar su trabajo " "con Creative Commons. Mientras que reconoce que no ha sido capaz de hacer un " @@ -8793,17 +10059,30 @@ msgstr "" "su trabajo. \"Empecé por no llamarlos ladrones\", dice." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4478 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4486 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Cory started using CC licenses soon after they were first created. At " +#| "the time his first novel came out, he says the science fiction genre was " +#| "overrun with people scanning and downloading books without permission. " +#| "When he and his publisher took a closer look at who was doing that sort " +#| "of thing online, they realized it looked a lot like book promotion. “I " +#| "knew there was a relationship between having enthusiastic readers and " +#| "having a successful career as a writer,” he said. “At the time, it took " +#| "eighty hours to OCR a book, which is a big effort. I decided to spare " +#| "them the time and energy, and give them the book for free in a format " +#| "destined to spread.”" msgid "" "Cory started using CC licenses soon after they were first created. At the " "time his first novel came out, he says the science fiction genre was overrun " "with people scanning and downloading books without permission. When he and " "his publisher took a closer look at who was doing that sort of thing online, " -"they realized it looked a lot like book promotion. “I knew there was a " +"they realized it looked a lot like book promotion. <quote>I knew there was a " "relationship between having enthusiastic readers and having a successful " -"career as a writer,” he said. “At the time, it took eighty hours to OCR a " -"book, which is a big effort. I decided to spare them the time and energy, " -"and give them the book for free in a format destined to spread.”" +"career as a writer,</quote> he said. <quote>At the time, it took eighty " +"hours to OCR a book, which is a big effort. I decided to spare them the time " +"and energy, and give them the book for free in a format destined to spread.</" +"quote>" msgstr "" "Cory comenzó a utilizar las licencias CC al poco tiempo de que fueran " "creadas. En el momento en que su primera novela salió, el género de la " @@ -8817,7 +10096,7 @@ msgstr "" "y darles el libro de manera gratuita en un formato destinado a difundirlo.”" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4491 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4499 msgid "" "Cory admits the stakes were pretty low for him when he first adopted " "Creative Commons licenses. He only had to sell two thousand copies of his " @@ -8833,13 +10112,20 @@ msgstr "" "establecido." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4499 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4507 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "The bottom line, Cory says, is that no one has found a way to prevent " +#| "people from copying the stuff they like. Rather than fighting the tide, " +#| "Cory makes his work intrinsically shareable. “Getting the hell out of " +#| "the way for people who want to share their love of you with other people " +#| "sounds obvious, but it’s remarkable how many people don’t do it,” he said." msgid "" "The bottom line, Cory says, is that no one has found a way to prevent people " "from copying the stuff they like. Rather than fighting the tide, Cory makes " -"his work intrinsically shareable. “Getting the hell out of the way for " -"people who want to share their love of you with other people sounds obvious, " -"but it’s remarkable how many people don’t do it,” he said." +"his work intrinsically shareable. <quote>Getting the hell out of the way " +"for people who want to share their love of you with other people sounds " +"obvious, but it’s remarkable how many people don’t do it,</quote> he said." msgstr "" "El resultado final, dice Cory, es que nadie ha encontrado una forma de " "detener a la gente para que copie las cosas que le gustan. En vez de luchar " @@ -8849,19 +10135,34 @@ msgstr "" "lo hace\", dice." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4507 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4515 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Making his work available under Creative Commons licenses enables him to " +#| "view his biggest fans as his ambassadors. “Being open to fan activity " +#| "makes you part of the conversation about what fans do with your work and " +#| "how they interact with it,” he said. Cory’s own website routinely " +#| "highlights cool things his audience has done with his work. Unlike " +#| "corporations like Disney that tend to have a hands-off relationship with " +#| "their fan activity, he has a symbiotic relationship with his audience. " +#| "“Engaging with your audience can’t guarantee you success,” he said. “And " +#| "Disney is an example of being able to remain aloof and still being the " +#| "most successful company in the creative industry in history. But I figure " +#| "my likelihood of being Disney is pretty slim, so I should take all the " +#| "help I can get.”" msgid "" "Making his work available under Creative Commons licenses enables him to " -"view his biggest fans as his ambassadors. “Being open to fan activity makes " -"you part of the conversation about what fans do with your work and how they " -"interact with it,” he said. Cory’s own website routinely highlights cool " -"things his audience has done with his work. Unlike corporations like Disney " -"that tend to have a hands-off relationship with their fan activity, he has a " -"symbiotic relationship with his audience. “Engaging with your audience can’t " -"guarantee you success,” he said. “And Disney is an example of being able to " -"remain aloof and still being the most successful company in the creative " -"industry in history. But I figure my likelihood of being Disney is pretty " -"slim, so I should take all the help I can get.”" +"view his biggest fans as his ambassadors. <quote>Being open to fan activity " +"makes you part of the conversation about what fans do with your work and how " +"they interact with it,</quote> he said. Cory’s own website routinely " +"highlights cool things his audience has done with his work. Unlike " +"corporations like Disney that tend to have a hands-off relationship with " +"their fan activity, he has a symbiotic relationship with his audience. " +"<quote>Engaging with your audience can’t guarantee you success,</quote> he " +"said. <quote>And Disney is an example of being able to remain aloof and " +"still being the most successful company in the creative industry in history. " +"But I figure my likelihood of being Disney is pretty slim, so I should take " +"all the help I can get.</quote>" msgstr "" "Hacer su trabajo disponible bajo una licencia Creative Commons le permite " "ver a sus fans más grandes como sus embajadores. ”Estar abierto a la " @@ -8878,7 +10179,7 @@ msgstr "" "que pueda obtener.”" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4522 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4530 msgid "" "His first book was published under the most restrictive Creative Commons " "license, Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC BY-NC-ND). It allows only " @@ -8906,7 +10207,20 @@ msgstr "" "disponibles de manera gratuita." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4537 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4545 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "In his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, Cory likens his " +#| "philosophy to thinking like a dandelion. Dandelions produce thousands of " +#| "seeds each spring, and they are blown into the air going in every " +#| "direction. The strategy is to maximize the number of blind chances the " +#| "dandelion has for continuing its genetic line. Similarly, he says there " +#| "are lots of people out there who may want to buy creative work or " +#| "compensate authors for it in some other way. “The more places your work " +#| "can find itself, the greater the likelihood that it will find one of " +#| "those would-be customers in some unsuspected crack in the metaphorical " +#| "pavement,” he wrote. “The copies that others make of my work cost me " +#| "nothing, and present the possibility that I’ll get something.”" msgid "" "In his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, Cory likens his philosophy " "to thinking like a dandelion. Dandelions produce thousands of seeds each " @@ -8914,11 +10228,11 @@ msgid "" "strategy is to maximize the number of blind chances the dandelion has for " "continuing its genetic line. Similarly, he says there are lots of people out " "there who may want to buy creative work or compensate authors for it in some " -"other way. “The more places your work can find itself, the greater the " +"other way. <quote>The more places your work can find itself, the greater the " "likelihood that it will find one of those would-be customers in some " -"unsuspected crack in the metaphorical pavement,” he wrote. “The copies that " -"others make of my work cost me nothing, and present the possibility that " -"I’ll get something.”" +"unsuspected crack in the metaphorical pavement,</quote> he wrote. <quote>The " +"copies that others make of my work cost me nothing, and present the " +"possibility that I’ll get something.</quote>" msgstr "" "En su libro Information Doesn't Want to Be Free, Cory compara su filosofía " "con las flores de los dientes de león o panaderos. Estas flores producen " @@ -8934,15 +10248,26 @@ msgstr "" "posibilidad de obtener algo.”" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4551 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4560 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Applying a CC license to his work increases the chances it will be shared " +#| "more widely around the Web. He avoids DRM—and openly opposes the practice—" +#| "for similar reasons. DRM has the effect of tying a work to a particular " +#| "platform. This digital lock, in turn, strips the authors of control over " +#| "their own work and hands that control over to the platform. He calls it " +#| "Cory’s First Law: “Anytime someone puts a lock on something that belongs " +#| "to you and won’t give you the key, that lock isn’t there for your " +#| "benefit.”" msgid "" "Applying a CC license to his work increases the chances it will be shared " "more widely around the Web. He avoids DRM—and openly opposes the practice—" "for similar reasons. DRM has the effect of tying a work to a particular " "platform. This digital lock, in turn, strips the authors of control over " "their own work and hands that control over to the platform. He calls it " -"Cory’s First Law: “Anytime someone puts a lock on something that belongs to " -"you and won’t give you the key, that lock isn’t there for your benefit.”" +"Cory’s First Law: <quote>Anytime someone puts a lock on something that " +"belongs to you and won’t give you the key, that lock isn’t there for your " +"benefit.</quote>" msgstr "" "Aplicar una licencia CC a su trabajo aumenta la probabilidad de que su " "trabajo sea compartido más ampliamente en la web. Él no utiliza DRM —y se " @@ -8954,16 +10279,26 @@ msgstr "" "te entrega la llave, ese candado no está puesto ahí para tu beneficio.”" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4561 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4571 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Cory operates under the premise that artists benefit when there are more, " +#| "rather than fewer, places where people can access their work. The " +#| "Internet has opened up those avenues, but DRM is designed to limit them. " +#| "“On the one hand, we can credibly make our work available to a widely " +#| "dispersed audience,” he said. “On the other hand, the intermediaries we " +#| "historically sold to are making it harder to go around them.” Cory " +#| "continually looks for ways to reach his audience without relying upon " +#| "major platforms that will try to take control over his work." msgid "" "Cory operates under the premise that artists benefit when there are more, " "rather than fewer, places where people can access their work. The Internet " -"has opened up those avenues, but DRM is designed to limit them. “On the one " -"hand, we can credibly make our work available to a widely dispersed " -"audience,” he said. “On the other hand, the intermediaries we historically " -"sold to are making it harder to go around them.” Cory continually looks for " -"ways to reach his audience without relying upon major platforms that will " -"try to take control over his work." +"has opened up those avenues, but DRM is designed to limit them. <quote>On " +"the one hand, we can credibly make our work available to a widely dispersed " +"audience,</quote> he said. <quote>On the other hand, the intermediaries we " +"historically sold to are making it harder to go around them.</quote> Cory " +"continually looks for ways to reach his audience without relying upon major " +"platforms that will try to take control over his work." msgstr "" "Cory trabajo bajo la premisa de que los artistas se benefician cuando hay " "más lugares, en vez de menos, donde las personas pueden acceder a su " @@ -8976,7 +10311,7 @@ msgstr "" "de tomar control sobre su trabajo." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4572 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4582 msgid "" "Cory says his e-book sales have been lower than those of his competitors, " "and he attributes some of that to the CC license making the work available " @@ -8998,16 +10333,26 @@ msgstr "" "experimento de pague-lo-que-quiera." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4583 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4593 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Fans are particularly willing to pay when they feel personally connected " +#| "to the artist. Cory works hard to create that personal connection. One " +#| "way he does this is by personally answering every single email he gets. " +#| "“If you look at the history of artists, most die in penury,” he said. " +#| "“That reality means that for artists, we have to find ways to support " +#| "ourselves when public tastes shift, when copyright stops producing. " +#| "Future-proofing your artistic career in many ways means figuring out how " +#| "to stay connected to those people who have been touched by your work.”" msgid "" "Fans are particularly willing to pay when they feel personally connected to " "the artist. Cory works hard to create that personal connection. One way he " -"does this is by personally answering every single email he gets. “If you " -"look at the history of artists, most die in penury,” he said. “That reality " -"means that for artists, we have to find ways to support ourselves when " -"public tastes shift, when copyright stops producing. Future-proofing your " -"artistic career in many ways means figuring out how to stay connected to " -"those people who have been touched by your work.”" +"does this is by personally answering every single email he gets. <quote>If " +"you look at the history of artists, most die in penury,</quote> he said. " +"<quote>That reality means that for artists, we have to find ways to support " +"ourselves when public tastes shift, when copyright stops producing. Future-" +"proofing your artistic career in many ways means figuring out how to stay " +"connected to those people who have been touched by your work.</quote>" msgstr "" "Los fans están particularmente dispuestos a pagar cuando se sienten " "conectados personalmente al artista. Cory se esfuerza para crear esa " @@ -9021,13 +10366,20 @@ msgstr "" "trabajo.”" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4594 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4605 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Cory’s realism about the difficulty of making a living in the arts does " +#| "not reflect pessimism about the Internet age. Instead, he says the fact " +#| "that it is hard to make a living as an artist is nothing new. What is " +#| "new, he writes in his book, “is how many ways there are to make things, " +#| "and to get them into other people’s hands and minds.”" msgid "" "Cory’s realism about the difficulty of making a living in the arts does not " "reflect pessimism about the Internet age. Instead, he says the fact that it " "is hard to make a living as an artist is nothing new. What is new, he writes " -"in his book, “is how many ways there are to make things, and to get them " -"into other people’s hands and minds.”" +"in his book, <quote>is how many ways there are to make things, and to get " +"them into other people’s hands and minds.</quote>" msgstr "" "El realismo de Cory sobre la dificultad de ganarse la vida en el mundo del " "arte no refleja un pesimismo sobre la era de Internet. En cambio, él dice " @@ -9036,17 +10388,17 @@ msgstr "" "las cosas y cómo llevarlas a la mente y a las manos de otras personas.”" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4602 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4613 msgid "It has never been easier to think like a dandelion." msgstr "Nunca ha sido más fácil pensar como un diente de león." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4606 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4617 msgid "Figshare" msgstr "Figshare" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4609 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4620 msgid "" "Figshare is a for-profit company offering an online repository where " "researchers can preserve and share the output of their research, including " @@ -9058,12 +10410,12 @@ msgstr "" "videos. Fundado en el año 2011 en Gran Bretaña." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4615 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4626 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://figshare.com\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://figshare.com\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4617 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4628 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: platform providing paid " "services to creators" @@ -9072,20 +10424,20 @@ msgstr "" "provee servicios pagos a los creadores" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4620 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4631 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: January 28, 2016" msgstr "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Fecha de la entrevista</emphasis>: 28 de enero, " "2016" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4623 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4634 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Mark Hahnel, founder" msgstr "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Entrevistado</emphasis>: Mark Hahnel, fundador" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4631 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4642 msgid "" "Figshare’s mission is to change the face of academic publishing through " "improved dissemination, discoverability, and reusability of scholarly " @@ -9107,7 +10459,7 @@ msgstr "" "forma tal que el modelo actual de publicación académica no permite." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4642 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4653 msgid "" "Figshare founder Mark Hahnel often gets asked: How do you make money? How do " "we know you’ll be here in five years? Can you, as a for-profit venture, be " @@ -9119,7 +10471,7 @@ msgstr "" "tiempo." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4647 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4658 msgid "" "Mark traces the origins of Figshare back to when he was a graduate student " "getting his PhD in stem cell biology. His research involved working with " @@ -9137,7 +10489,7 @@ msgstr "" "sería mejor para su carrera." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4656 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4667 msgid "" "Mark does not consider himself an advanced software programmer. " "Fortunately, things like cloud-based computing and wikis had become " @@ -9150,7 +10502,7 @@ msgstr "" "cualquiera. Así que empezó a trabajar en una solución." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4663 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4674 msgid "" "There were two key needs: licenses to make the data citable, and persistent " "identifiers— URL links that always point back to the original object " @@ -9162,7 +10514,7 @@ msgstr "" "un período largo." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4669 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4680 msgid "" "Mark chose Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs) to meet the need for a " "persistent identifier. In the DOI system, an object’s metadata is stored as " @@ -9180,7 +10532,7 @@ msgstr "" "de DOIs para datos de investigación." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4678 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4689 msgid "" "As for licenses, Mark chose Creative Commons. The open-access and open-" "science communities were already using and recommending Creative Commons. " @@ -9195,7 +10547,7 @@ msgstr "" "CC BY (Atribución) para figuras, videos y conjuntos de datos." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4686 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4697 msgid "" "So Mark began using DOIs and Creative Commons for his own research work. He " "had a science blog where he wrote about it and made all his data open. " @@ -9209,7 +10561,7 @@ msgstr "" "ellos también lo utilizaran." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4692 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4703 msgid "" "People liked the interface and simple upload process. People started asking " "if they could also share theses, grant proposals, and code. Inclusion of " @@ -9226,7 +10578,7 @@ msgstr "" "utilizadas." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4700 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4711 msgid "" "Mark sought investment to make this into a scalable product. After a few " "unsuccessful funding pitches, UK-based Digital Science expressed interest " @@ -9240,7 +10592,17 @@ msgstr "" "modelo de negocios del tipo freemium." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4707 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4718 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Under the freemium model, academics upload their research to Figshare for " +#| "storage and sharing for free. Each research object is licensed with " +#| "Creative Commons and receives a DOI link. The premium option charges " +#| "researchers a fee for gigabytes of private storage space, and for private " +#| "online space designed for a set number of research collaborators, which " +#| "is ideal for larger teams and geographically dispersed research groups. " +#| "Figshare sums up its value proposition to researchers as “You retain " +#| "ownership. You license it. You get credit. We just make sure it persists.”" msgid "" "Under the freemium model, academics upload their research to Figshare for " "storage and sharing for free. Each research object is licensed with Creative " @@ -9248,8 +10610,8 @@ msgid "" "fee for gigabytes of private storage space, and for private online space " "designed for a set number of research collaborators, which is ideal for " "larger teams and geographically dispersed research groups. Figshare sums up " -"its value proposition to researchers as “You retain ownership. You license " -"it. You get credit. We just make sure it persists.”" +"its value proposition to researchers as <quote>You retain ownership. You " +"license it. You get credit. We just make sure it persists.</quote>" msgstr "" "Bajo el modelo freemium, los académicos suben sus investigaciones a Figshare " "para almacenar y compartir de manera gratuita. Cada objeto de investigación " @@ -9263,7 +10625,7 @@ msgstr "" "Nosotros simplemente nos aseguramos de que persista.\"" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4718 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4730 msgid "" "In January 2012, Figshare was launched. (The fig in Figshare stands for " "figures.) Using investment funds, Mark made significant improvements to " @@ -9283,7 +10645,7 @@ msgstr "" "proveyera esa funcionalidad." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4728 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4740 msgid "" "Figshare diversified its business model to include services for journals. " "Figshare began hosting large amounts of data for the journals’ online " @@ -9312,7 +10674,7 @@ msgstr "" "para los datos." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4742 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4754 msgid "" "Governments allocate significant public funds to research. In parallel with " "the launch of Figshare, governments around the world began requesting the " @@ -9332,7 +10694,7 @@ msgstr "" "negocios, agregando servicios para instituciones." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4752 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4764 msgid "" "Figshare now offers a range of fee-based services to institutions, including " "their own minibranded Figshare space (called Figshare for Institutions) that " @@ -9352,7 +10714,7 @@ msgstr "" "bibliotecarias y administradoras, tanto como investigadoras." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4762 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4774 msgid "" "As with researchers and publishers, Fig-share encouraged institutions to " "share their research with CC BY (Attribution) and their data with CC0 (into " @@ -9377,7 +10739,7 @@ msgstr "" "(Atribución-SinDerivados)." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4775 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4787 msgid "" "For Mark this created a conflict. On the one hand, the principles and " "benefits of open science are at the heart of Figshare, and Mark believes CC " @@ -9397,7 +10759,7 @@ msgstr "" "el ejemplo." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4785 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4797 msgid "" "Mark is thinking of doing a Figshare study that tracks research " "dissemination according to Creative Commons license, and gathering metrics " @@ -9414,7 +10776,7 @@ msgstr "" "instituciones la harán su licencia de elección." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4798 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4810 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://figshare.com/articles/" "Journal_subscription_costs_FOIs_to_UK_universities/1186832\"/>" @@ -9423,7 +10785,7 @@ msgstr "" "Journal_subscription_costs_FOIs_to_UK_universities/1186832\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4801 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4813 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://retr0.shinyapps.io/journal_costs/?year=2014&" "inst=19,22,38,42,59,64,80,95,136\"/>" @@ -9432,7 +10794,7 @@ msgstr "" "inst=19,22,38,42,59,64,80,95,136\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4793 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4805 msgid "" "Figshare has an Application Programming Interface (API) that makes it " "possible for data to be pulled from Figshare and used in other applications. " @@ -9457,7 +10819,7 @@ msgstr "" "id=\"1\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4804 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4816 msgid "" "The free version of Figshare has built a community of academics, who through " "word of mouth and presentations have promoted and spread awareness of " @@ -9479,12 +10841,12 @@ msgstr "" "Creative Commons." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4819 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4831 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://figshare.com/features\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://figshare.com/features\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4815 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4827 msgid "" "Mark says his success is partly about being in the right place at the right " "time. He also believes that the diversification of Figshare’s model over " @@ -9509,7 +10871,7 @@ msgstr "" "principales instituciones." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4826 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4838 msgid "" "Today Figshare has 26 million–plus page views, 7.5 million–plus downloads, " "800,000–plus user uploads, 2 million–plus articles, 500,000-plus " @@ -9525,7 +10887,7 @@ msgstr "" "y fuentes de noticias." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4834 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4846 msgid "" "Figshare uses the revenue it generates from the premium subscribers, journal " "publishers, and institutions to fund and expand what it can offer to " @@ -9552,12 +10914,12 @@ msgstr "" "permitiendo que las personas colaboren y hagan nuevos descubrimientos." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4849 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4861 msgid "Figure.NZ" msgstr "Figure.NZ" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4852 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4864 msgid "" "Figure.NZ is a nonprofit charity that makes an online data platform designed " "to make data reusable and easy to understand. Founded in 2012 in New " @@ -9568,12 +10930,12 @@ msgstr "" "reusables y fáciles de entender. Fundada en 2012 en Nueva Zelanda." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4857 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4869 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://figure.nz\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://figure.nz\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4859 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4871 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: platform providing paid " "services to creators, donations, sponsorships" @@ -9582,20 +10944,20 @@ msgstr "" "proporciona servicios con costo a los creadores, donaciones, patrocinios" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4862 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4874 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: May 3, 2016" msgstr "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Fecha de la entrevista</emphasis>: 3 de mayo, 2016" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4864 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4876 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Lillian Grace, founder" msgstr "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Entrevistada</emphasis> : Lillian Grace, fundadora" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4873 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4885 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.nzdatafutures.org.nz/sites/default/files/" "NZDFF_harness-the-power.pdf\"/>" @@ -9604,7 +10966,7 @@ msgstr "" "NZDFF_harness-the-power.pdf\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4872 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4884 msgid "" "In the paper Harnessing the Economic and Social Power of Data presented at " "the New Zealand Data Futures Forum in 2014,<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" @@ -9643,16 +11005,26 @@ msgstr "" "específico en Nueva Zelanda." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4891 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4903 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Lillian had the idea for Figure.NZ in February 2012 while working for the " +#| "New Zealand Institute, a think tank concerned with improving economic " +#| "prosperity, social well-being, environmental quality, and environmental " +#| "productivity for New Zealand and New Zealanders. While giving talks to " +#| "community and business groups, Lillian realized “every single issue we " +#| "addressed would have been easier to deal with if more people understood " +#| "the basic facts.” But understanding the basic facts sometimes requires " +#| "data and research that you often have to pay for." msgid "" "Lillian had the idea for Figure.NZ in February 2012 while working for the " "New Zealand Institute, a think tank concerned with improving economic " "prosperity, social well-being, environmental quality, and environmental " "productivity for New Zealand and New Zealanders. While giving talks to " -"community and business groups, Lillian realized “every single issue we " +"community and business groups, Lillian realized <quote>every single issue we " "addressed would have been easier to deal with if more people understood the " -"basic facts.” But understanding the basic facts sometimes requires data and " -"research that you often have to pay for." +"basic facts.</quote> But understanding the basic facts sometimes requires " +"data and research that you often have to pay for." msgstr "" "Lillian tuvo la idea para Figure.NZ en febrero del 2012 mientras trabajaba " "para el New Zealand Institute, un laboratorio de ideas preocupado con " @@ -9665,7 +11037,7 @@ msgstr "" "información e investigación por los cuales usualmente tiene que pagar." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4902 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4914 msgid "" "Lillian began to imagine a website that lifted data up to a visual form that " "could be easily understood and freely accessed. Initially launched as Wiki " @@ -9692,7 +11064,7 @@ msgstr "" "aquellos que quisieran abrir su información y presentarla visualmente." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4916 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4928 msgid "" "Here’s how it works. Figure.NZ sources data from other organizations, " "including corporations, public repositories, government departments, and " @@ -9717,15 +11089,15 @@ msgstr "" "formatos humano y máquina legibles, con metadata rico en fuentes, las " "licencias, y tipos de datos. Figure.NZ tiene una herramienta de diseño de " "gráficos que crea barras simples, líneas, y gráficos de área de cualquier " -"fuente de información. Los gráficos son publicados en el sitio web " -"Figure.NZ, y pueden ser exportados en una variedad de formatos para imprimir " -"o uso enlinea. Figure.NZ hace su información y sus gráficos disponibles " -"usando la licencia Attribution (CC BY). Esto permite a otros reusar, " -"revisar, remezclar, y redistribuir la información de Figure.NZ y los " -"gráficos en tanto den créditos a la fuente original y a Figure.NZ." +"fuente de información. Los gráficos son publicados en el sitio web Figure." +"NZ, y pueden ser exportados en una variedad de formatos para imprimir o uso " +"enlinea. Figure.NZ hace su información y sus gráficos disponibles usando la " +"licencia Attribution (CC BY). Esto permite a otros reusar, revisar, " +"remezclar, y redistribuir la información de Figure.NZ y los gráficos en " +"tanto den créditos a la fuente original y a Figure.NZ." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4942 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4954 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.ict.govt.nz/guidance-and-resources/open-government/" "new-zealand-government-open-access-and-licensing-nzgoal-framework/\"/>" @@ -9734,7 +11106,7 @@ msgstr "" "new-zealand-government-open-access-and-licensing-nzgoal-framework/\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4933 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4945 msgid "" "Lillian characterizes the initial decision to use Creative Commons as " "naively fortunate. It was first recommended to her by a colleague. Lillian " @@ -9766,7 +11138,7 @@ msgstr "" "muy bien con la decisión de Figure.NZ." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4949 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4961 msgid "" "Lillian thinks current ideas of what a business is are relatively new, only " "a hundred years old or so. She’s convinced that twenty years from now, we " @@ -9793,7 +11165,7 @@ msgstr "" "Figure.NZ. Las personas los ven como un luchador y fuente confiable." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4962 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4974 msgid "" "Although Figure.NZ is a social enterprise that openly licenses their data " "and graphs for everyone to use for free, they have taken care not to be " @@ -9829,7 +11201,7 @@ msgstr "" "cualquier organización se diferencien, se comercialicen y se creen una marca." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4981 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4993 msgid "" "Figure.NZ spends a lot of time seeking to understand the motivations of data " "collectors and to identify the channels where it can provide value. Every " @@ -9842,7 +11214,7 @@ msgstr "" "obtener valor de la información y los visuales." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4987 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4999 msgid "" "Figure.NZ has multiple lines of business. They provide commercial services " "to organizations that want their data publicly available and want to use " @@ -9873,18 +11245,30 @@ msgstr "" "los usuarios, para verdaderamente democratizar la información." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5003 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5015 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Lillian notes that the current state of most data is terrible and often " +#| "not well understood by the people who have it. This sometimes makes it " +#| "difficult for customers and Figure.NZ to figure out what it would cost to " +#| "import, standardize, and display that data in a useful way. To deal with " +#| "this, Figure.NZ uses “high-trust contracts,” where customers allocate a " +#| "certain budget to the task that Figure.NZ is then free to draw from, as " +#| "long as Figure.NZ frequently reports on what they’ve produced so the " +#| "customer can determine the value for money. This strategy has helped " +#| "build trust and transparency about the level of effort associated with " +#| "doing work that has never been done before." msgid "" "Lillian notes that the current state of most data is terrible and often not " "well understood by the people who have it. This sometimes makes it difficult " "for customers and Figure.NZ to figure out what it would cost to import, " "standardize, and display that data in a useful way. To deal with this, " -"Figure.NZ uses “high-trust contracts,” where customers allocate a certain " -"budget to the task that Figure.NZ is then free to draw from, as long as " -"Figure.NZ frequently reports on what they’ve produced so the customer can " -"determine the value for money. This strategy has helped build trust and " -"transparency about the level of effort associated with doing work that has " -"never been done before." +"Figure.NZ uses <quote>high-trust contracts,</quote> where customers allocate " +"a certain budget to the task that Figure.NZ is then free to draw from, as " +"long as Figure.NZ frequently reports on what they’ve produced so the " +"customer can determine the value for money. This strategy has helped build " +"trust and transparency about the level of effort associated with doing work " +"that has never been done before." msgstr "" "Lillian percibe que el actual estado de la mayoría de los datos es terrible " "y frecuentemente no es bien entendido por las personas que los tienen. " @@ -9899,12 +11283,12 @@ msgstr "" "nunca se había hecho antes." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5021 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5034 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://figure.nz/business/\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://figure.nz/business/\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5016 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5029 msgid "" "A second line of business is what Figure.NZ calls partners. ASB Bank and " "Statistics New Zealand are partners who back Figure.NZ’s efforts. As one " @@ -9920,12 +11304,12 @@ msgstr "" "\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5024 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5037 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://figure.nz/patrons/\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://figure.nz/patrons/\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5024 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5037 msgid "" "Figure.NZ also has patrons.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Patrons " "donate to topic areas they care about, directly enabling Figure.NZ to get " @@ -9939,7 +11323,7 @@ msgstr "" "incluidos o excluidos." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5030 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5043 msgid "" "Figure.NZ also accepts philanthropic donations, which are used to provide " "more content, extend technology, and improve services, or are targeted to " @@ -9953,7 +11337,7 @@ msgstr "" "de impuestos." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5036 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5049 msgid "" "Figure.NZ has morphed and grown over time. With data aggregation, curation, " "and visualizing services all in-house, Figure.NZ has developed a deep " @@ -9977,7 +11361,7 @@ msgstr "" "construyendo relaciones externas." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5048 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5061 msgid "" "Figure.NZ’s website displays visuals and data associated with a wide range " "of categories including crime, economy, education, employment, energy, " @@ -9997,7 +11381,7 @@ msgstr "" "experiencias intuitivas, no manuales de usuarios." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5058 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5071 msgid "" "Figure.NZ believes data and visuals should be useful. They provide their " "customers with a data collection template and teach them why it’s important " @@ -10024,7 +11408,7 @@ msgstr "" "accede, e interpreta los datos de los tópicos en los que están interesados." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5072 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5085 msgid "" "Lillian has a deep and profound vision for Figure.NZ that goes well beyond " "simply providing open-data services. She says things are different now. “We " @@ -10042,7 +11426,7 @@ msgstr "" "en nombre de otros, ya fuera en nombre de un país o de empresas»." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5081 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5094 msgid "" "“But now we live in a world where it’s really easy to share information " "widely and also to communicate widely. In the world we live in now, the best " @@ -10054,7 +11438,7 @@ msgstr "" "informadas»." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5087 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5100 msgid "" "“The use of numbers and data as a way of making well-informed decisions is " "one of the areas where there is the biggest gaps. We don’t really use " @@ -10065,7 +11449,7 @@ msgstr "" "los números como parte de nuestro pensamiento y nuestro entendiemiento aún»." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5093 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5106 msgid "" "“Part of the reason is the way data is spread across hundreds of sites. In " "addition, for the most part, deep thinking based on data is constrained to " @@ -10088,7 +11472,7 @@ msgstr "" "con entrenamiento especializado puede analizar y pensar con números»." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5104 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5117 msgid "" "“Figure.NZ may be the first organization to assert that everyone can use " "numbers in their thinking, and it’s built a technological platform along " @@ -10102,14 +11486,24 @@ msgstr "" "mapas y datos»." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5111 -msgid "" -"“Figure.NZ sees this as a new kind of alphabet that can help people analyze " -"what they see around them. A way to be thoughtful and informed about " +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5124 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "“Figure.NZ sees this as a new kind of alphabet that can help people " +#| "analyze what they see around them. A way to be thoughtful and informed " +#| "about society. A means of engaging in conversation and shaping decision " +#| "making that transcends personal experience. The long-term value and " +#| "impact is almost impossible to measure, but the goal is to help citizens " +#| "gain understanding and work together in more informed ways to shape the " +#| "future.”" +msgid "" +"<quote>Figure.NZ sees this as a new kind of alphabet that can help people " +"analyze what they see around them. A way to be thoughtful and informed about " "society. A means of engaging in conversation and shaping decision making " "that transcends personal experience. The long-term value and impact is " "almost impossible to measure, but the goal is to help citizens gain " -"understanding and work together in more informed ways to shape the future.”" +"understanding and work together in more informed ways to shape the future.</" +"quote>" msgstr "" "«Figure.NZ percibe esto como un nuevo tipo de alfabeto que puede ayudar a " "las personas para analizar lo que observan alrededor de ellas. Un medio para " @@ -10121,13 +11515,20 @@ msgstr "" "futuro.»" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5120 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5133 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Lillian sees Figure.NZ’s model as having global potential. But for now, " +#| "their focus is completely on making Figure.NZ work in New Zealand and to " +#| "get the “network effect”— users dramatically increasing value for " +#| "themselves and for others through use of their service. Creative Commons " +#| "is core to making the network effect possible." msgid "" "Lillian sees Figure.NZ’s model as having global potential. But for now, " "their focus is completely on making Figure.NZ work in New Zealand and to get " -"the “network effect”— users dramatically increasing value for themselves and " -"for others through use of their service. Creative Commons is core to making " -"the network effect possible." +"the <quote>network effect</quote>— users dramatically increasing value for " +"themselves and for others through use of their service. Creative Commons is " +"core to making the network effect possible." msgstr "" "Lillian piensa que el modelo de Figure.NZ tiene potencial global. Pero por " "ahora, su enfoque esta completamente abocado en lograr que Figure.NZ " @@ -10137,12 +11538,12 @@ msgstr "" "que el efecto red sea posible." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5129 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5142 msgid "Knowledge Unlatched" msgstr "Knowledge Unlatched" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5132 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5145 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched is a not-for-profit community interest company that " "brings libraries together to pool funds to publish open-access books. " @@ -10153,12 +11554,12 @@ msgstr "" "acceso abierto. Fundada en 2012 en el Reino Unido." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5137 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5150 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://knowledgeunlatched.org\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://knowledgeunlatched.org\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5139 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5152 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: crowdfunding " "(specialized)" @@ -10167,23 +11568,38 @@ msgstr "" "comunitario (especializado)" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5142 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5155 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 26, 2016" msgstr "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Fecha de la entrevista</emphasis>: 26 de febrero, " "2016" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5145 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5158 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Frances Pinter, founder" msgstr "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Entrevistado</emphasis>: Frances Pinter, fundador" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5153 -msgid "" -"The serial entrepreneur Dr. Frances Pinter has been at the forefront of " +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5166 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "The serial entrepreneur Dr. Frances Pinter has been at the forefront of " +#| "innovation in the publishing industry for nearly forty years. She founded " +#| "the UK-based Knowledge Unlatched with a mission to enable open access to " +#| "scholarly books. For Frances, the current scholarly- book-publishing " +#| "system is not working for anyone, and especially not for monographs in " +#| "the humanities and social sciences. Knowledge Unlatched is committed to " +#| "changing this and has been working with libraries to create a sustainable " +#| "alternative model for publishing scholarly books, sharing the cost of " +#| "making monographs (released under a Creative Commons license) and " +#| "savings costs over the long term. Since its launch, Knowledge Unlatched " +#| "has received several awards, including the IFLA/Brill Open Access award " +#| "in 2014 and a Curtin University Commercial Innovation Award for " +#| "Innovation in Education in 2015." +msgid "" +"The serial entrepreneur Dr. Frances Pinter has been at the forefront of " "innovation in the publishing industry for nearly forty years. She founded " "the UK-based Knowledge Unlatched with a mission to enable open access to " "scholarly books. For Frances, the current scholarly- book-publishing system " @@ -10213,9 +11629,15 @@ msgstr "" "2015." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5169 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5182 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Dr. Pinter has been in academic publishing most of her career. About ten " +#| "years ago, she became acquainted with the Creative Commons founder " +#| "Lawrence Lessig and got interested in Creative Commons as a tool for both " +#| "protecting content online and distributing it free to users." msgid "" -"Dr. Pinter has been in academic publishing most of her career. About ten " +"Dr. Pinter has been in academic publishing most of her career. About ten " "years ago, she became acquainted with the Creative Commons founder Lawrence " "Lessig and got interested in Creative Commons as a tool for both protecting " "content online and distributing it free to users." @@ -10227,7 +11649,7 @@ msgstr "" "entre los usuarios." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5176 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5189 msgid "" "Not long after, she ran a project in Africa convincing publishers in Uganda " "and South Africa to put some of their content online for free using a " @@ -10240,7 +11662,7 @@ msgstr "" "impresos. La ventas subieron, no bajaron." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5182 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5195 msgid "" "In 2008, Bloomsbury Academic, a new imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing in the " "United Kingdom, appointed her its founding publisher in London. As part of " @@ -10272,14 +11694,22 @@ msgstr "" "para el formato impreso." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5199 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5212 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Frances began to look at customer interest in the three forms of the " +#| "book: 1) the Creative Commons–licensed free online book in PDF form, 2) " +#| "the printed book, and 3) a digital version of the book on an aggregator " +#| "platform with enhanced features. She thought of this as the “ice cream " +#| "model”: the free PDF was vanilla ice cream, the printed book was an ice " +#| "cream cone, and the enhanced e-book was an ice cream sundae." msgid "" "Frances began to look at customer interest in the three forms of the book: " "1) the Creative Commons–licensed free online book in PDF form, 2) the " "printed book, and 3) a digital version of the book on an aggregator platform " -"with enhanced features. She thought of this as the “ice cream model”: the " -"free PDF was vanilla ice cream, the printed book was an ice cream cone, and " -"the enhanced e-book was an ice cream sundae." +"with enhanced features. She thought of this as the <quote>ice cream model</" +"quote>: the free PDF was vanilla ice cream, the printed book was an ice " +"cream cone, and the enhanced e-book was an ice cream sundae." msgstr "" "Frances comenzó a observa el interes de los clientes en los tres formatos de " "los libros: 1) El libro gratuito enlinea con licencia Creative Commons en " @@ -10290,7 +11720,7 @@ msgstr "" "del helado." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5208 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5221 msgid "" "After a while, Frances had an epiphany—what if there was a way to get " "libraries to underwrite the costs of making these books up until they’re " @@ -10308,13 +11738,20 @@ msgstr "" "modelo." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5217 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5230 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "This idea is similar to the article-processing charge some open-access " +#| "journals charge researchers to cover publishing costs. Frances began to " +#| "imagine a coalition of libraries paying for the prepress costs—a “book-" +#| "processing charge”—and providing everyone in the world with an open-" +#| "access version of the books released under a Creative Commons license." msgid "" "This idea is similar to the article-processing charge some open-access " "journals charge researchers to cover publishing costs. Frances began to " -"imagine a coalition of libraries paying for the prepress costs—a “book-" -"processing charge”—and providing everyone in the world with an open-access " -"version of the books released under a Creative Commons license." +"imagine a coalition of libraries paying for the prepress costs—a <quote>book-" +"processing charge</quote>—and providing everyone in the world with an open-" +"access version of the books released under a Creative Commons license." msgstr "" "Esta idea es similar al cobro de procesamiento de artículo que algunas " "revistas especializadas de acceso abierto cobran a los investigadores para " @@ -10325,7 +11762,7 @@ msgstr "" "Commons." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5225 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5238 msgid "" "This idea really took hold in her mind. She didn’t really have a name for it " "but began talking about it and making presentations to see if there was " @@ -10346,7 +11783,7 @@ msgstr "" "RU para las empresas sociales sin ánimo de lucro) en 2012." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5236 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5249 msgid "" "She describes the business model in a paper called Knowledge Unlatched: " "Toward an Open and Networked Future for Academic Publishing:" @@ -10355,7 +11792,7 @@ msgstr "" "Toward an Open and Networked Future for Acedemic Publishing:" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5243 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5256 msgid "" "Publishers offer titles for sale reflecting origination costs only via " "Knowledge Unlatched." @@ -10364,7 +11801,7 @@ msgstr "" "generación sólo a través de Knowledge Unlatched." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5249 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5262 msgid "" "Individual libraries select titles either as individual titles or as " "collections (as they do from library suppliers now)." @@ -10373,7 +11810,7 @@ msgstr "" "colecciones (como lo hacen con los proveedores de bibliotecas ahora)." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5255 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5268 msgid "" "Their selections are sent to Knowledge Unlatched specifying the titles to be " "purchased at the stated price(s)." @@ -10382,7 +11819,7 @@ msgstr "" "que serán comprados y los precios establecidos." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5261 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5274 msgid "" "The price, called a Title Fee (set by publishers and negotiated by Knowledge " "Unlatched), is paid to publishers to cover the fixed costs of publishing " @@ -10395,7 +11832,7 @@ msgstr "" "mínimo de bibliotecas para cubrir la Cuota por Título." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5270 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5283 msgid "" "Publishers make the selected titles available Open Access (on a Creative " "Commons or similar open license) and are then paid the Title Fee which is " @@ -10407,12 +11844,12 @@ msgstr "" "bibliotecas." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5280 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5293 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.pinter.org.uk/pdfs/Toward_an_Open.pdf\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://www.pinter.org.uk/pdfs/Toward_an_Open.pdf\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5277 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5290 msgid "" "Publishers make print copies, e-Pub, and other digital versions of selected " "titles available to member libraries at a discount that reflects their " @@ -10426,7 +11863,7 @@ msgstr "" "\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5285 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5298 msgid "" "The first round of this model resulted in a collection of twenty-eight " "current titles from thirteen recognized scholarly publishers being " @@ -10445,7 +11882,7 @@ msgstr "" "bajo hasta cuarenta y tres dolares." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5296 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5309 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://collections.knowledgeunlatched.org/collection-" "availability-1/\"/>" @@ -10454,7 +11891,7 @@ msgstr "" "availability-1/\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5295 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5308 msgid "" "The open-access, Creative Commons versions of these twenty-eight books are " "still available online.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Most books " @@ -10478,7 +11915,7 @@ msgstr "" "de las copias físicas." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5306 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5319 msgid "" "There are three cost variables to consider for each round: the overall cost " "incurred by the publishers, total cost for each library to acquire all the " @@ -10500,7 +11937,7 @@ msgstr "" "la orden y el precio por libro baja para cada biblioteca." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5318 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5331 msgid "" "The second round, recently completed, unlatched seventy-eight books from " "twenty-six publishers. For this round, Frances was experimenting with the " @@ -10529,7 +11966,7 @@ msgstr "" "finalmente, desbloquearlos." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5333 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5346 msgid "" "The longest part of the whole process is getting libraries to pledge and " "commit funds. It takes about five months, as library buy-in has to fit " @@ -10541,7 +11978,7 @@ msgstr "" "ciclos de presupuestos, y las juntas del directorio de las bibliotecas." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5339 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5352 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched informs and recruits libraries through social media, " "mailing lists, listservs, and library associations. Of the three hundred " @@ -10560,7 +11997,7 @@ msgstr "" "bibliotecarios, que ha involucrado a más bibliotecas." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5349 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5362 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched is scaling up, offering 150 new titles in the second " "half of 2016. It will also offer backlist titles, and in 2017 will start to " @@ -10571,7 +12008,7 @@ msgstr "" "comenzará a hacer revistas especializadas de acceso libre también." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5354 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5367 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched deliberately chose monographs as the initial type of " "book to unlatch. Monographs are foundational and important, but also " @@ -10583,7 +12020,7 @@ msgstr "" "estandar cerrado." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5360 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5373 msgid "" "The cost for the publisher to get to a first digital copy of a monograph is " "$5,000 to $50,000. A good one costs in the $10,000 to $15,000 range. " @@ -10603,14 +12040,14 @@ msgstr "" "tomó únicamente un mes reunir veintiséis." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5377 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5390 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.knowledgeunlatched.org/featured-authors-section/\"/>" msgstr "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.knowledgeunlatched.org/featured-authors-section/\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5370 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5383 msgid "" "Authors don’t generally make a lot of royalties from monographs. Royalties " "range from zero dollars to 5 to 10 percent of receipts. The value to the " @@ -10631,7 +12068,7 @@ msgstr "" "tomar parte de ello.)<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5380 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5393 msgid "" "Library budgets are constantly being squeezed, partly due to the inflation " "of journal subscriptions. But even without budget constraints, academic " @@ -10652,7 +12089,7 @@ msgstr "" "hacen, lo compran de manera separada de la versión digital." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5391 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5404 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched offers libraries a compelling economic argument. Many of " "the participating libraries would have bought a copy of the monograph " @@ -10668,7 +12105,18 @@ msgstr "" "bibliotecas participantes, sino al mundo." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5399 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5412 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Not only do the economics make sense, but there is very strong alignment " +#| "with library mandates. The participating libraries pay less than they " +#| "would have in the closed model, and the open-access book is available to " +#| "all libraries. While this means nonparticipating libraries could be seen " +#| "as free riders, in the library world, wealthy libraries are used to " +#| "paying more than poor libraries and accept that part of their money " +#| "should be spent to support open access. “Free ride” is more like " +#| "community responsibility. By the end of March 2016, the round-one books " +#| "had been downloaded nearly eighty thousand times in 175 countries." msgid "" "Not only do the economics make sense, but there is very strong alignment " "with library mandates. The participating libraries pay less than they would " @@ -10676,9 +12124,9 @@ msgid "" "libraries. While this means nonparticipating libraries could be seen as free " "riders, in the library world, wealthy libraries are used to paying more than " "poor libraries and accept that part of their money should be spent to " -"support open access. “Free ride” is more like community responsibility. By " -"the end of March 2016, the round-one books had been downloaded nearly eighty " -"thousand times in 175 countries." +"support open access. <quote>Free ride</quote> is more like community " +"responsibility. By the end of March 2016, the round-one books had been " +"downloaded nearly eighty thousand times in 175 countries." msgstr "" "No solamente tiene sentido en lo económico, pero hay un fuerte alineamiento " "con los mandatos de las biblilotecas. Las bibliotecas participantes pagan " @@ -10693,7 +12141,7 @@ msgstr "" "descargados cerca de ochenta mil veces en 175 países." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5411 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5425 msgid "" "For publishers, authors, and librarians, the Knowledge Unlatched model for " "monographs is a win-win-win." @@ -10702,7 +12150,7 @@ msgstr "" "Unlatched para monografías es un ganar-ganar-ganar." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5415 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5429 msgid "" "In the first round, Knowledge Unlatched’s overheads were covered by grants. " "In the second round, they aim to demonstrate the model is sustainable. " @@ -10725,7 +12173,7 @@ msgstr "" "y libros antiguos." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5426 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5440 msgid "" "Frances believes that Knowledge Unlatched is tapping into new ways of " "valuing academic content. It’s about considering how many people can find, " @@ -10746,12 +12194,12 @@ msgstr "" "al pasado pero moviendose al futuro, una evolución en vez de una revolución." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5438 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5452 msgid "Lumen Learning" msgstr "Lumen Learning" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5441 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5455 msgid "" "Lumen Learning is a for-profit company helping educational institutions use " "open educational resources (OER). Founded in 2013 in the U.S." @@ -10761,12 +12209,12 @@ msgstr "" "los E.U.A." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5446 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5460 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://lumenlearning.com\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://lumenlearning.com\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5448 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5462 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for custom " "services, grant funding" @@ -10775,14 +12223,14 @@ msgstr "" "servicios personalizados, subsidios" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5451 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5465 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: December 21, 2015" msgstr "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Fecha de la entrevista</emphasis>: 21 de " "diciembre, 2015" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5454 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5468 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: David Wiley and Kim " "Thanos, cofounders" @@ -10791,14 +12239,35 @@ msgstr "" "Thanos, cofundadores" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5468 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5482 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://lumenlearning.com/innovative-projects/\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://lumenlearning.com/innovative-projects/\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5462 -msgid "" -"Cofounded by open education visionary Dr. David Wiley and education-" +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5476 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Cofounded by open education visionary Dr. David Wiley and education-" +#| "technology strategist Kim Thanos, Lumen Learning is dedicated to " +#| "improving student success, bringing new ideas to pedagogy, and making " +#| "education more affordable by facilitating adoption of open educational " +#| "resources. In 2012, David and Kim partnered on a grant-funded project " +#| "called the Kaleidoscope Open Course Initiative.<placeholder type=" +#| "\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> It involved a set of fully open general-education " +#| "courses across eight colleges predominantly serving at-risk students, " +#| "with goals to dramatically reduce textbook costs and collaborate to " +#| "improve the courses to help students succeed. David and Kim exceeded " +#| "those goals: the cost of the required textbooks, replaced with OER, " +#| "decreased to zero dollars, and average student-success rates improved by " +#| "5 to 10 percent when compared with previous years. After a second round " +#| "of funding, a total of more than twenty-five institutions participated in " +#| "and benefited from this project. It was career changing for David and Kim " +#| "to see the impact this initiative had on low-income students. David and " +#| "Kim sought further funding from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, " +#| "who asked them to define a plan to scale their work in a financially " +#| "sustainable way. That is when they decided to create Lumen Learning." +msgid "" +"Cofounded by open education visionary Dr. David Wiley and education-" "technology strategist Kim Thanos, Lumen Learning is dedicated to improving " "student success, bringing new ideas to pedagogy, and making education more " "affordable by facilitating adoption of open educational resources. In 2012, " @@ -10842,7 +12311,7 @@ msgstr "" "Learning." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5485 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5499 msgid "" "David and Kim went back and forth on whether it should be a nonprofit or " "for- profit. A nonprofit would make it a more comfortable fit with the " @@ -10862,7 +12331,7 @@ msgstr "" "usualmente no hay mucha flexibilidad para hacerlo." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5495 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5509 msgid "" "But as a for-profit, they’d have to convince educational institutions to pay " "for what Lumen had to offer. On the positive side, they’d have more control " @@ -10880,7 +12349,7 @@ msgstr "" "sustentabilidad." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5504 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5518 msgid "" "Right from the start, David and Kim positioned Lumen Learning as a way to " "help institutions engage in open educational resources, or OER. OER are " @@ -10896,7 +12365,7 @@ msgstr "" "reorientación por otros." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5512 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5526 msgid "" "Originally, Lumen did custom contracts for each institution. This was " "complicated and challenging to manage. However, through that process " @@ -10923,13 +12392,13 @@ msgstr "" "—" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5528 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5542 msgid "replace expensive textbooks in high-enrollment courses with OER;" msgstr "" "remplazar libros de texto costosos en cursos de gran matrícula con OER;" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5534 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5548 msgid "" "provide enrolled students day one access to Lumen’s fully customizable OER " "course materials through the institution’s learning-management system;" @@ -10939,7 +12408,7 @@ msgstr "" "sistema de gestión de aprendizaje de la institución;" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5541 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5555 msgid "" "measure improvements in student success with metrics like passing rates, " "persistence, and course completion; and" @@ -10948,7 +12417,7 @@ msgstr "" "de aprobación, persistencia, y finalización de curso; y" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5547 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5561 msgid "" "collaborate with faculty to make ongoing improvements to OER based on " "student success research." @@ -10957,7 +12426,7 @@ msgstr "" "la investigación del éxito de los estudiantes." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5553 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5567 msgid "" "Lumen has developed a suite of open, Creative Commons–licensed courseware in " "more than sixty-five subjects. All courses are freely and publicly available " @@ -10972,7 +12441,7 @@ msgstr "" "siguiendo los terminos de las licencias Creative Commons." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5561 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5575 msgid "" "Then there are three types of bundled services that cost money. One option, " "which Lumen calls Candela courseware, offers integration with the " @@ -10987,7 +12456,7 @@ msgstr "" "dolares por estudiante suscrito para la institución." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5569 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5583 msgid "" "A second option is Waymaker, which offers the services of Candela but adds " "personalized learning technologies, such as study plans, automated messages, " @@ -11002,7 +12471,7 @@ msgstr "" "matriculado." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5576 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5590 msgid "" "The third and emerging line of business for Lumen is providing guidance and " "support for institutions and state systems that are pursuing the development " @@ -11020,7 +12489,7 @@ msgstr "" "costosos con OER." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5585 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5599 msgid "" "Lumen generates revenue by charging for their value-added tools and services " "on top of their free courses, just as solar-power companies provide the " @@ -11052,7 +12521,7 @@ msgstr "" "abierto, ha generado un inmenso bienestar en la comunidad." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5602 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5616 msgid "" "In most cases, development of their courses is funded by the institution " "Lumen has a contract with. When creating new courses, Lumen typically works " @@ -11074,7 +12543,7 @@ msgstr "" "aprendizaje, que las facultades revisan." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5613 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5627 msgid "" "Sometimes faculty like the existing OER but not the way it is presented. The " "open licensing of existing OER allows Lumen to pick and choose from images, " @@ -11097,7 +12566,7 @@ msgstr "" "da una licencia Attribution (CC BY)." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5624 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5638 msgid "" "Using only OER made them experience firsthand how complex it could be to mix " "differently licensed work together. A common strategy with OER is to place " @@ -11113,7 +12582,7 @@ msgstr "" "mezclan diferentes OER juntos." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5632 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5646 msgid "" "Remixing OER often results in multiple attributions on every page of every " "course—text from one place, images from another, and videos from yet " @@ -11134,7 +12603,7 @@ msgstr "" "se muestren al final de cada página." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5643 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5657 msgid "" "Lumen’s commitment to open licensing and helping low-income students has led " "to strong relationships with institutions, open-education enthusiasts, and " @@ -11151,7 +12620,7 @@ msgstr "" "equipo de ventas de Lumen." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5651 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5665 msgid "" "To manage demand and ensure the success of projects, their strategy is to be " "proactive and focus on what’s going on in higher education in different " @@ -11175,7 +12644,7 @@ msgstr "" "a los que tendrían impacto en el mayor número de estudiantes." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5664 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5678 msgid "" "As a business, Lumen is committed to openness. There are two core " "nonnegotiables: Lumen’s use of CC BY, the most permissive of the Creative " @@ -11194,7 +12663,7 @@ msgstr "" "que logren las metas de la institución, mientras Lumen se conserva prospera." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5674 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5688 msgid "" "Openness also means that Lumen’s OER must necessarily be nonexclusive and " "nonrivalrous. This represents several big challenges for the business model: " @@ -11213,7 +12682,7 @@ msgstr "" "la comunidad abierta." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5684 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5698 msgid "" "In the OER sector, there are examples of corporations, and even " "institutions, acting as free riders. Some simply take and use open resources " @@ -11230,7 +12699,7 @@ msgstr "" "sea justa o que den de regreso algo que sea generoso." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5693 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5707 msgid "" "Lumen does track institutions accessing and using their free content. They " "proactively contact those institutions, with an estimate of how much their " @@ -11251,7 +12720,7 @@ msgstr "" "evolución y la mejora de los OER que estén usando." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5704 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5718 msgid "" "Lumen works hard to be a good corporate citizen in the OER community. For " "David and Kim, a good corporate citizen gives more than they take, adds " @@ -11268,7 +12737,7 @@ msgstr "" "sostenible y se esfuerza por un balance correcto de todos estos factores." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5713 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5727 msgid "" "Licensing all the content they produce with CC BY is a key part of giving " "more value than they take. They’ve also worked hard at finding the right " @@ -11281,7 +12750,7 @@ msgstr "" "que sea entendible y repetible." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5719 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5733 msgid "" "As of the fall 2016 term, Lumen had eighty-six different open courses, " "working relationships with ninety-two institutions, and more than seventy-" @@ -11303,7 +12772,7 @@ msgstr "" "el futuro, su estrategia es reemplazar el financiamiento con ingresos." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5731 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5745 msgid "" "In creating Lumen Learning, David and Kim say they’ve landed on solutions " "they never imagined, and there is still a lot of learning taking place. For " @@ -11322,21 +12791,25 @@ msgstr "" "que sostienes, y no alejarse de eso. Ciertamente es acerca de la confianza." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5742 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5756 msgid "Jonathan Mann" msgstr "Jonathan Mann" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5745 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5759 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Jonathan Mann is a singer and songwriter who is most well known as the " +#| "“Song A Day” guy. Based in the U.S." msgid "" -"Jonathan Mann is a singer and songwriter who is most well known as the “Song " -"A Day” guy. Based in the U.S." +"Jonathan Mann is a singer and songwriter who is most well known as the " +"<quote>Song A Day</quote> guy. Based in the U.S." msgstr "" "Jonathan Mann es un cantante y escritor de canciones quien es más conocido " "como el tipo de “Song A Day”. Vive en los E.U.A." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5748 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5762 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://jonathanmann.net\"/> and <ulink url=\"http://" "jonathanmann.bandcamp.com\"/>" @@ -11345,7 +12818,7 @@ msgstr "" "jonathanmann.bandcamp.com\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5751 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5765 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for custom " "services, pay-what-you-want, crowdfunding (subscription-based), charging for " @@ -11357,23 +12830,35 @@ msgstr "" "musicales)" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5756 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5770 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 22, 2016" msgstr "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Fecha de la entrevista</emphasis>: 22 de febrero, " "2016" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5764 -msgid "" -"Jonathan Mann thinks of his business model as “hustling”—seizing nearly " -"every opportunity he sees to make money. The bulk of his income comes from " -"writing songs under commission for people and companies, but he has a wide " -"variety of income sources. He has supporters on the crowdfunding site " -"Patreon. He gets advertising revenue from YouTube and Bandcamp, where he " -"posts all of his music. He gives paid speaking engagements about creativity " -"and motivation. He has been hired by major conferences to write songs " -"summarizing what speakers have said in the conference sessions." +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5778 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Jonathan Mann thinks of his business model as “hustling”—seizing nearly " +#| "every opportunity he sees to make money. The bulk of his income comes " +#| "from writing songs under commission for people and companies, but he has " +#| "a wide variety of income sources. He has supporters on the crowdfunding " +#| "site Patreon. He gets advertising revenue from YouTube and Bandcamp, " +#| "where he posts all of his music. He gives paid speaking engagements about " +#| "creativity and motivation. He has been hired by major conferences to " +#| "write songs summarizing what speakers have said in the conference " +#| "sessions." +msgid "" +"Jonathan Mann thinks of his business model as <quote>hustling</quote>—" +"seizing nearly every opportunity he sees to make money. The bulk of his " +"income comes from writing songs under commission for people and companies, " +"but he has a wide variety of income sources. He has supporters on the " +"crowdfunding site Patreon. He gets advertising revenue from YouTube and " +"Bandcamp, where he posts all of his music. He gives paid speaking " +"engagements about creativity and motivation. He has been hired by major " +"conferences to write songs summarizing what speakers have said in the " +"conference sessions." msgstr "" "Jonathan Mann piensa en su modelo de negocios como “diversificación”—" "aprovechar casi cualquier oportunidad que vea para hacer dinero. La mayor " @@ -11387,7 +12872,7 @@ msgstr "" "sesiones de la conferencia." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5775 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5790 msgid "" "His entrepreneurial spirit is coupled with a willingness to take action " "quickly. A perfect illustration of his ability to act fast happened in 2010, " @@ -11408,12 +12893,18 @@ msgstr "" "se volvió viral, y la experiencia lo llevó a la revista Time magazine." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5786 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5801 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Jonathan’s successful “hustling” is also about old-fashioned persistence. " +#| "He is currently in his eighth straight year of writing one song each day. " +#| "He holds the Guinness World Record for consecutive daily songwriting, and " +#| "he is widely known as the “song-a-day guy.”" msgid "" -"Jonathan’s successful “hustling” is also about old-fashioned persistence. He " -"is currently in his eighth straight year of writing one song each day. He " -"holds the Guinness World Record for consecutive daily songwriting, and he is " -"widely known as the “song-a-day guy.”" +"Jonathan’s successful <quote>hustling</quote> is also about old-fashioned " +"persistence. He is currently in his eighth straight year of writing one song " +"each day. He holds the Guinness World Record for consecutive daily " +"songwriting, and he is widely known as the <quote>song-a-day guy.</quote>" msgstr "" "El exitoso “hustling” de Jonathan es también acerca de la persistencia de la " "vieja escuela. Actualmente él está su octavo año consecutivo de escribir " @@ -11422,7 +12913,7 @@ msgstr "" "“una-canción-al-dia.”" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5793 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5808 msgid "" "He fell into this role by, naturally, seizing a random opportunity a friend " "alerted him to seven years ago—an event called Fun-A-Day, where people are " @@ -11441,7 +12932,7 @@ msgstr "" "más de mirar videos enlinea que simplemente escuchar archivos de audio." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5803 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5818 msgid "" "He had a really good time doing the thirty-one-day challenge, so he decided " "to see if he could continue it for one year. He never stopped. He has " @@ -11472,7 +12963,7 @@ msgstr "" "la canción por él." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5819 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5834 msgid "" "Over time, the song-a-day gig became the basis of his livelihood. In the " "beginning, he made money one of two ways. The first was by entering a wide " @@ -11492,14 +12983,22 @@ msgstr "" "mayoría de su dinero de esta manera." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5828 -msgid "" -"His website explains his gig as “taking any message, from the super simple " -"to the totally complicated, and conveying that message through a heartfelt, " -"fun and quirky song.” He charges $500 to create a produced song and $300 for " -"an acoustic song. He has been hired for product launches, weddings, " -"conferences, and even Kickstarter campaigns like the one that funded the " -"production of this book." +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5843 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "His website explains his gig as “taking any message, from the super " +#| "simple to the totally complicated, and conveying that message through a " +#| "heartfelt, fun and quirky song.” He charges $500 to create a produced " +#| "song and $300 for an acoustic song. He has been hired for product " +#| "launches, weddings, conferences, and even Kickstarter campaigns like the " +#| "one that funded the production of this book." +msgid "" +"His website explains his gig as <quote>taking any message, from the super " +"simple to the totally complicated, and conveying that message through a " +"heartfelt, fun and quirky song.</quote> He charges $500 to create a produced " +"song and $300 for an acoustic song. He has been hired for product launches, " +"weddings, conferences, and even Kickstarter campaigns like the one that " +"funded the production of this book." msgstr "" "Su sitio web explica su trabajo como “tomar cualquier mensaje, desde el " "super simple hasta el totalmente complicado, y transportar ese mensaje a " @@ -11510,13 +13009,22 @@ msgstr "" "este libro." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5837 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5852 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Jonathan can’t recall when exactly he first learned about Creative " +#| "Commons, but he began applying CC licenses to his songs and videos as " +#| "soon as he discovered the option. “CC seems like such a no-brainer,” " +#| "Jonathan said. “I don’t understand how anything else would make sense. It " +#| "seems like such an obvious thing that you would want your work to be able " +#| "to be shared.”" msgid "" "Jonathan can’t recall when exactly he first learned about Creative Commons, " "but he began applying CC licenses to his songs and videos as soon as he " -"discovered the option. “CC seems like such a no-brainer,” Jonathan said. “I " -"don’t understand how anything else would make sense. It seems like such an " -"obvious thing that you would want your work to be able to be shared.”" +"discovered the option. <quote>CC seems like such a no-brainer,</quote> " +"Jonathan said. <quote>I don’t understand how anything else would make sense. " +"It seems like such an obvious thing that you would want your work to be able " +"to be shared.</quote>" msgstr "" "Jonathan no puede recordan cuando exactamente aprendio por primera vez " "acerca de Creative Commons, pero comenzó a aplicar licencias CC a sus " @@ -11526,15 +13034,24 @@ msgstr "" "pudiera ser compartido.\"" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5845 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5861 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "His songs are essentially marketing for his services, so obviously the " +#| "further his songs spread, the better. Using CC licenses helps grease the " +#| "wheels, letting people know that Jonathan allows and encourages them to " +#| "copy, interact with, and remix his music. “If you let someone cover your " +#| "song or remix it or use parts of it, that’s how music is supposed to " +#| "work,” Jonathan said. “That is how music has worked since the beginning " +#| "of time. Our me-me, mine-mine culture has undermined that.”" msgid "" "His songs are essentially marketing for his services, so obviously the " "further his songs spread, the better. Using CC licenses helps grease the " "wheels, letting people know that Jonathan allows and encourages them to " -"copy, interact with, and remix his music. “If you let someone cover your " -"song or remix it or use parts of it, that’s how music is supposed to work,” " -"Jonathan said. “That is how music has worked since the beginning of time. " -"Our me-me, mine-mine culture has undermined that.”" +"copy, interact with, and remix his music. <quote>If you let someone cover " +"your song or remix it or use parts of it, that’s how music is supposed to " +"work,</quote> Jonathan said. <quote>That is how music has worked since the " +"beginning of time. Our me-me, mine-mine culture has undermined that.</quote>" msgstr "" "Sus canciones son esencialmente marketing para sus servicios, entonces " "obviamente entre más lejos se distribuyan sus canciones, será mejor. Usar " @@ -11546,13 +13063,20 @@ msgstr "" "principio del tiempo. Nuestro yo-yo, mio-mio cultural ha socavado eso.”" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5855 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5871 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "There are some people who cover his songs fairly regularly, and he would " +#| "never shut that down. But he acknowledges there is a lot more he could do " +#| "to build community. “There is all of this conventional wisdom about how " +#| "to build an audience online, and I generally think I don’t do any of " +#| "that,” Jonathan said." msgid "" "There are some people who cover his songs fairly regularly, and he would " "never shut that down. But he acknowledges there is a lot more he could do to " -"build community. “There is all of this conventional wisdom about how to " -"build an audience online, and I generally think I don’t do any of that,” " -"Jonathan said." +"build community. <quote>There is all of this conventional wisdom about how " +"to build an audience online, and I generally think I don’t do any of that,</" +"quote> Jonathan said." msgstr "" "Hay perosnas que versionan sus canciones muy regularmente, y él nunca " "terminaría con ello. Pero el concuerda que hay mucho más que podría hacer " @@ -11561,15 +13085,24 @@ msgstr "" "hago nada de eso,” comentó Jonathan." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5862 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5878 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "He does have a fan community he cultivates on Bandcamp, but it isn’t his " +#| "major focus. “I do have a core audience that has stuck around for a " +#| "really long time, some even longer than I’ve been doing song-a-day,” he " +#| "said. “There is also a transitional aspect that drop in and get what they " +#| "need and then move on.” Focusing less on community building than other " +#| "artists makes sense given Jonathan’s primary income source of writing " +#| "custom songs for clients." msgid "" "He does have a fan community he cultivates on Bandcamp, but it isn’t his " -"major focus. “I do have a core audience that has stuck around for a really " -"long time, some even longer than I’ve been doing song-a-day,” he said. " -"“There is also a transitional aspect that drop in and get what they need and " -"then move on.” Focusing less on community building than other artists makes " -"sense given Jonathan’s primary income source of writing custom songs for " -"clients." +"major focus. <quote>I do have a core audience that has stuck around for a " +"really long time, some even longer than I’ve been doing song-a-day,</quote> " +"he said. <quote>There is also a transitional aspect that drop in and get " +"what they need and then move on.</quote> Focusing less on community building " +"than other artists makes sense given Jonathan’s primary income source of " +"writing custom songs for clients." msgstr "" "El tiene una comunidad de fans que cultiva en Bandcamp, pero no es su mayor " "preocupación. “Sí tengo una audiencia primaria que ha estado por un tiempo " @@ -11581,16 +13114,28 @@ msgstr "" "personalizadas a sus clientes." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5872 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5888 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Jonathan recognizes what comes naturally to him and leverages those " +#| "skills. Through the practice of daily songwriting, he realized he has a " +#| "gift for distilling complicated subjects into simple concepts and putting " +#| "them to music. In his song “How to Choose a Master Password,” Jonathan " +#| "explained the process of creating a secure password in a silly, simple " +#| "song. He was hired to write the song by a client who handed him a long " +#| "technical blog post from which to draw the information. Like a good (and " +#| "rare) journalist, he translated the technical concepts into something " +#| "understandable." msgid "" "Jonathan recognizes what comes naturally to him and leverages those skills. " "Through the practice of daily songwriting, he realized he has a gift for " "distilling complicated subjects into simple concepts and putting them to " -"music. In his song “How to Choose a Master Password,” Jonathan explained the " -"process of creating a secure password in a silly, simple song. He was hired " -"to write the song by a client who handed him a long technical blog post from " -"which to draw the information. Like a good (and rare) journalist, he " -"translated the technical concepts into something understandable." +"music. In his song <quote>How to Choose a Master Password,</quote> Jonathan " +"explained the process of creating a secure password in a silly, simple song. " +"He was hired to write the song by a client who handed him a long technical " +"blog post from which to draw the information. Like a good (and rare) " +"journalist, he translated the technical concepts into something " +"understandable." msgstr "" "Jonathan reconoce lo que le viene naturalmente y aprovecha esas " "habilidades.\n" @@ -11604,7 +13149,21 @@ msgstr "" "conceptos técnicos en algo entendible." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5884 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5900 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "When he is hired by a client to write a song, he first asks them to send " +#| "a list of talking points and other information they want to include in " +#| "the song. He puts all of that into a text file and starts moving things " +#| "around, cutting and pasting until the message starts to come together. " +#| "The first thing he tries to do is grok the core message and develop the " +#| "chorus. Then he looks for connections or parts he can make rhyme. The " +#| "entire process really does resemble good journalism, but of course the " +#| "final product of his work is a song rather than news. “There is something " +#| "about being challenged and forced to take information that doesn’t seem " +#| "like it should be sung about or doesn’t seem like it lends itself to a " +#| "song,” he said. “I find that creative challenge really satisfying. I " +#| "enjoy getting lost in that process.”" msgid "" "When he is hired by a client to write a song, he first asks them to send a " "list of talking points and other information they want to include in the " @@ -11613,10 +13172,11 @@ msgid "" "thing he tries to do is grok the core message and develop the chorus. Then " "he looks for connections or parts he can make rhyme. The entire process " "really does resemble good journalism, but of course the final product of his " -"work is a song rather than news. “There is something about being challenged " -"and forced to take information that doesn’t seem like it should be sung " -"about or doesn’t seem like it lends itself to a song,” he said. “I find that " -"creative challenge really satisfying. I enjoy getting lost in that process.”" +"work is a song rather than news. <quote>There is something about being " +"challenged and forced to take information that doesn’t seem like it should " +"be sung about or doesn’t seem like it lends itself to a song,</quote> he " +"said. <quote>I find that creative challenge really satisfying. I enjoy " +"getting lost in that process.</quote>" msgstr "" "Cuando es contratado por un cliente para componer una canción, lo primero " "que les solicita es enviar una lista de los puntos de discusión y otra " @@ -11633,7 +13193,7 @@ msgstr "" "perderme en el proceso. ”" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5899 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5916 msgid "" "Jonathan admits that in an ideal world, he would exclusively write the music " "he wanted to write, rather than what clients hire him to write. But his " @@ -11647,17 +13207,28 @@ msgstr "" "mismo." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5906 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5923 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Jonathan uses nearly every tool possible to make money from his art, but " +#| "he does have lines he won’t cross. He won’t write songs about things he " +#| "fundamentally does not believe in, and there are times he has turned down " +#| "jobs on principle. He also won’t stray too much from his natural style. " +#| "“My style is silly, so I can’t really accommodate people who want " +#| "something super serious,” Jonathan said. “I do what I do very easily, and " +#| "it’s part of who I am.” Jonathan hasn’t gotten into writing commercials " +#| "for the same reasons; he is best at using his own unique style rather " +#| "than mimicking others." msgid "" "Jonathan uses nearly every tool possible to make money from his art, but he " "does have lines he won’t cross. He won’t write songs about things he " "fundamentally does not believe in, and there are times he has turned down " -"jobs on principle. He also won’t stray too much from his natural style. “My " -"style is silly, so I can’t really accommodate people who want something " -"super serious,” Jonathan said. “I do what I do very easily, and it’s part of " -"who I am.” Jonathan hasn’t gotten into writing commercials for the same " -"reasons; he is best at using his own unique style rather than mimicking " -"others." +"jobs on principle. He also won’t stray too much from his natural style. " +"<quote>My style is silly, so I can’t really accommodate people who want " +"something super serious,</quote> Jonathan said. <quote>I do what I do very " +"easily, and it’s part of who I am.</quote> Jonathan hasn’t gotten into " +"writing commercials for the same reasons; he is best at using his own unique " +"style rather than mimicking others." msgstr "" "Jonathan usa casi cualquier herramienta posible para hacer dinero de su " "arte, pero el tiene límites que no quiere cruzar. No escribiria canciones " @@ -11670,7 +13241,7 @@ msgstr "" "propio estilo único en vez de imitar a otros." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5918 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5935 msgid "" "Jonathan’s song-a-day commitment exemplifies the power of habit and grit. " "Conventional wisdom about creative productivity, including advice in books " @@ -11688,7 +13259,7 @@ msgstr "" "encarnación viviente de estos principios." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5927 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5944 msgid "" "When he speaks about his work, he talks about how much the song-a-day " "process has changed him. Rather than seeing any given piece of work as " @@ -11703,7 +13274,7 @@ msgstr "" "la canción de mañana puede que sea mejor." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5934 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5951 msgid "" "Jonathan seems to have this mentality about his career more generally. He is " "constantly experimenting with ways to make a living while sharing his work " @@ -11719,23 +13290,28 @@ msgstr "" "que nunca se siente verdaderamente exitoso." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5942 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5958 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "“Success feels like it’s over,” he said. “To a certain extent, a creative " +#| "person is not ever going to feel completely satisfied because then so " +#| "much of what drives you would be gone.”" msgid "" -"“Success feels like it’s over,” he said. “To a certain extent, a creative " -"person is not ever going to feel completely satisfied because then so much " -"of what drives you would be gone.”" +"<quote>Success feels like it’s over,</quote> he said. <quote>To a certain " +"extent, a creative person is not ever going to feel completely satisfied " +"because then so much of what drives you would be gone.</quote>" msgstr "" "“El exito se siente como que se ha terminado,” comentó. \"En cierta medida, " "una persona creativa nunca se sentirá completamente satisfecha porque " "entonces mucho de lo que los impulsa se iría.\"" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5948 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5965 msgid "Noun Project" msgstr "Noun Project" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5951 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5968 msgid "" "The Noun Project is a for-profit company offering an online platform to " "display visual icons from a global network of designers. Founded in 2010 in " @@ -11746,12 +13322,12 @@ msgstr "" "2010 en los E.U.A." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5956 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5973 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://thenounproject.com\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://thenounproject.com\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5958 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5975 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging a transaction " "fee, charging for custom services" @@ -11760,21 +13336,21 @@ msgstr "" "transacción, cargos por servicios personalizados" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5961 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5978 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: October 6, 2015" msgstr "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Fecha de la entrevista</emphasis>: 6 de octubre, " "2015" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5964 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5981 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Edward Boatman, cofounder" msgstr "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Entrevistado</emphasis>: Edward Boatman, cofundador" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5972 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5989 msgid "" "The Noun Project creates and shares visual language. There are millions who " "use Noun Project symbols to simplify communication across borders, " @@ -11785,7 +13361,7 @@ msgstr "" "las fronteras, lenguajes, y culturas." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5977 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5994 msgid "" "The original idea for the Noun Project came to cofounder Edward Boatman " "while he was a student in architecture design school. He’d always done a lot " @@ -11802,7 +13378,7 @@ msgstr "" "en el planeta." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5985 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6002 msgid "" "When Edward went on to work at an architecture firm, he had to make a lot of " "presentation boards for clients. But finding high-quality sources for " @@ -11818,7 +13394,7 @@ msgstr "" "similarers." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5993 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6010 msgid "" "With his partner, Sofya Polyakov, he began collecting symbols for a website " "and writing a business plan. Inspiration came from the book Professor and " @@ -11834,7 +13410,7 @@ msgstr "" "voluntarios alrededor del mundo." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6004 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6021 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.kickstarter.com/projects/tnp/building-a-free-" "collection-of-our-worlds-visual-sy/description\"/>" @@ -11843,7 +13419,7 @@ msgstr "" "collection-of-our-worlds-visual-sy/description\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6001 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6018 msgid "" "Then Edward got laid off during the recession, which turned out to be a huge " "catalyst. He decided to give his idea a go, and in 2010 Edward and Sofya " @@ -11863,13 +13439,20 @@ msgstr "" "algo más grande." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6010 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6027 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "They created a platform where symbols and icons could be uploaded, and " +#| "Edward began recruiting talented designers to contribute their designs, a " +#| "process he describes as a relatively easy sell. Lots of designers have " +#| "old drawings just gathering “digital dust” on their hard drives. It’s " +#| "easy to convince them to finally share them with the world." msgid "" "They created a platform where symbols and icons could be uploaded, and " "Edward began recruiting talented designers to contribute their designs, a " "process he describes as a relatively easy sell. Lots of designers have old " -"drawings just gathering “digital dust” on their hard drives. It’s easy to " -"convince them to finally share them with the world." +"drawings just gathering <quote>digital dust</quote> on their hard drives. " +"It’s easy to convince them to finally share them with the world." msgstr "" "Crearon una plataforma donde los símbolos e iconos podían subirse, y Edward " "comenzó a reclutar diseñadores talentosos para contribuir con sus diseños, " @@ -11878,7 +13461,7 @@ msgstr "" "duros. Es fácil convencerlos de compartirlos finalmente con el mundo." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6018 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6035 msgid "" "The Noun Project currently has about seven thousand designers from around " "the world. But not all submissions are accepted. The Noun Project’s quality-" @@ -11896,7 +13479,7 @@ msgstr "" "diseñadores." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6027 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6044 msgid "" "Creative Commons is an integral part of the Noun Project’s business model; " "this decision was inspired by Chris Anderson’s book Free: The Future of " @@ -11909,7 +13492,7 @@ msgstr "" "construir un modelo de negocios alrededor del contenido libre." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6034 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6051 msgid "" "Edward knew he wanted to offer a free visual language while still providing " "some protection and reward for its contributors. There is a tension between " @@ -11935,7 +13518,17 @@ msgstr "" "créditos, pueden usar la CC0 para poner el trabajo en el dominio público." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6048 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6065 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Noun Project’s business model and means of generating revenue have " +#| "evolved significantly over time. Their initial plan was to sell T-shirts " +#| "with the icons on it, which in retrospect Edward says was a horrible " +#| "idea. They did get a lot of email from people saying they loved the icons " +#| "but asking if they could pay a fee instead of giving attribution. Ad " +#| "agencies (among others) wanted to keep marketing and presentation " +#| "materials clean and free of attribution statements. For Edward, “That’s " +#| "when our lightbulb went off.”" msgid "" "Noun Project’s business model and means of generating revenue have evolved " "significantly over time. Their initial plan was to sell T-shirts with the " @@ -11943,7 +13536,8 @@ msgid "" "get a lot of email from people saying they loved the icons but asking if " "they could pay a fee instead of giving attribution. Ad agencies (among " "others) wanted to keep marketing and presentation materials clean and free " -"of attribution statements. For Edward, “That’s when our lightbulb went off.”" +"of attribution statements. For Edward, <quote>That’s when our lightbulb went " +"off.</quote>" msgstr "" "El modelo de negocios del Noun Project y los medios para generar ingresos " "han evolucionado significativamente a través del tiempo. Su plan inicial fue " @@ -11956,7 +13550,7 @@ msgstr "" "ideas.”" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6058 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6076 msgid "" "They asked their global network of designers whether they’d be open to " "receiving modest remuneration instead of attribution. Designers saw it as a " @@ -11971,7 +13565,7 @@ msgstr "" "muy exitante para muchos diseñadores." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6065 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6083 msgid "" "The Noun Project first adopted a model whereby using an icon without giving " "attribution would cost $1.99 per icon. The model’s second iteration added a " @@ -11999,7 +13593,19 @@ msgstr "" "creadores, y bueno para la plataforma." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6079 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6097 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Customers then began asking for an application-programming interface " +#| "(API), which would allow Noun Project icons and symbols to be directly " +#| "accessed from within other applications. Edward knew that the icons and " +#| "symbols would be valuable in a lot of different contexts and that they " +#| "couldn’t possibly know all of them in advance, so they built an API with " +#| "a lot of flexibility. Knowing that most API applications would want to " +#| "use the icons without giving attribution, the API was built with the aim " +#| "of charging for its use. You can use what’s called the “Playground API” " +#| "for free to test how it integrates with your application, but full " +#| "implementation will require you to purchase the API Pro version." msgid "" "Customers then began asking for an application-programming interface (API), " "which would allow Noun Project icons and symbols to be directly accessed " @@ -12008,9 +13614,9 @@ msgid "" "know all of them in advance, so they built an API with a lot of " "flexibility. Knowing that most API applications would want to use the icons " "without giving attribution, the API was built with the aim of charging for " -"its use. You can use what’s called the “Playground API” for free to test how " -"it integrates with your application, but full implementation will require " -"you to purchase the API Pro version." +"its use. You can use what’s called the <quote>Playground API</quote> for " +"free to test how it integrates with your application, but full " +"implementation will require you to purchase the API Pro version." msgstr "" "Los clientes comenzaron a solicitar una API (application-programming " "interface), la cual permitiría a los íconos y símbolos del Noun Project ser " @@ -12025,7 +13631,7 @@ msgstr "" "versión API Pro." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6093 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6111 msgid "" "The Noun Project shares revenue with its international designers. For one-" "off purchases, the revenue is split 70 percent to the designer and 30 " @@ -12036,7 +13642,7 @@ msgstr "" "diseñador y 30 porciento para Noun Project." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6098 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6116 msgid "" "The revenue from premium purchases (the subscription and API options) is " "split a little differently. At the end of each month, the total revenue from " @@ -12051,22 +13657,22 @@ msgstr "" "API ) se dividen de una manera diferente. Al final de cada mes, el total de " "los ingresos por subscripciones es dividido por el cantidad total de " "descargas en Noun Project, resultando en una tasa por descarga—por ejemplo, " -"puede ser $0.13 por descarga para ese mes. Por cada descarga, las " -"ganancias se dividen en 40 por ciento para el diseñador y 60 por ciento para " -"el Noun Project. (Para el uso de la API, es por uso en vez de por descarga.) " -"Lo compartido por Noun Project es mayor actualmente porque está " -"proporcionando más servicios al usuario." +"puede ser $0.13 por descarga para ese mes. Por cada descarga, las ganancias " +"se dividen en 40 por ciento para el diseñador y 60 por ciento para el Noun " +"Project. (Para el uso de la API, es por uso en vez de por descarga.) Lo " +"compartido por Noun Project es mayor actualmente porque está proporcionando " +"más servicios al usuario." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6110 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6182 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6128 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6200 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://thenounproject.com/handbook/royalties/#getting_paid\"/>" msgstr "" "<ulink url=\"http://thenounproject.com/handbook/royalties/#getting_paid\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6109 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6127 msgid "" "The Noun Project tries to be completely transparent about their royalty " "structure.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> They tend to over " @@ -12079,7 +13685,7 @@ msgstr "" "es la principal prioridad." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6114 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6132 msgid "" "For most creators, contributing to the Noun Project is not a full-time job " "but something they do on the side. Edward categorizes monthly earnings for " @@ -12093,7 +13699,7 @@ msgstr "" "cuentas; y el más exitoso de todos, suficiente para pagar la renta." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6121 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6139 msgid "" "Recently the Noun Project launched a new app called Lingo. Designers can " "use Lingo to organize not just their Noun Project icons and symbols but also " @@ -12119,7 +13725,7 @@ msgstr "" "suscriben al Noun ProjectPro, pueden acceder al mismo desde Lingo." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6135 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6153 msgid "" "The Noun Project gives a ton of value away for free. A very large percentage " "of their roughly one million members have a free account, but there are " @@ -12134,18 +13740,25 @@ msgstr "" "visuales." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6142 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6160 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "For Edward, “creating, sharing, and celebrating the world’s visual " +#| "language” is the most important aspect of what they do; it’s their stated " +#| "mission. It differentiates them from others who offer graphics, icons, or " +#| "clip art." msgid "" -"For Edward, “creating, sharing, and celebrating the world’s visual language” " -"is the most important aspect of what they do; it’s their stated mission. It " -"differentiates them from others who offer graphics, icons, or clip art." +"For Edward, <quote>creating, sharing, and celebrating the world’s visual " +"language</quote> is the most important aspect of what they do; it’s their " +"stated mission. It differentiates them from others who offer graphics, " +"icons, or clip art." msgstr "" "Para Edward, “crear, compartir, y celebrar el lenguaje visual mundial” es el " "aspecto más importante de lo hacen ellos; es su misión declarada. Eso los " "diferencia de otros que ofrecen gráficos, iconos o imágenes predefinidas." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6148 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6166 msgid "" "Noun Project creators agree. When surveyed on why they participate in the " "Noun Project, this is how designers rank their reasons: 1) to support the " @@ -12163,7 +13776,7 @@ msgstr "" "contribuyentes, es importante tener una misión más allá de hacer dinero." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6157 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6175 msgid "" "In Edward’s view, Creative Commons is central to their mission of sharing " "and social good. Using Creative Commons makes the Noun Project’s mission " @@ -12176,15 +13789,24 @@ msgstr "" "dentro con una comunidad de usuarios y fans." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6164 -msgid "" -"Edward told us, “Don’t underestimate the power of a passionate community " -"around your product or your business. They are going to go to bat for you " -"when you’re getting ripped in the media. If you go down the road of choosing " -"to work with Creative Commons, you’re taking the first step to building a " -"great community and tapping into a really awesome community that comes with " -"it. But you need to continue to foster that community through other " -"initiatives and continue to nurture it.”" +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6182 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Edward told us, “Don’t underestimate the power of a passionate community " +#| "around your product or your business. They are going to go to bat for you " +#| "when you’re getting ripped in the media. If you go down the road of " +#| "choosing to work with Creative Commons, you’re taking the first step to " +#| "building a great community and tapping into a really awesome community " +#| "that comes with it. But you need to continue to foster that community " +#| "through other initiatives and continue to nurture it.”" +msgid "" +"Edward told us, <quote>Don’t underestimate the power of a passionate " +"community around your product or your business. They are going to go to bat " +"for you when you’re getting ripped in the media. If you go down the road of " +"choosing to work with Creative Commons, you’re taking the first step to " +"building a great community and tapping into a really awesome community that " +"comes with it. But you need to continue to foster that community through " +"other initiatives and continue to nurture it.</quote>" msgstr "" "Edward nos comentó, “No subestimen el poder de una comunidad apasionada " "alrededor de su producto o su negocio. Van a apoyarte cuando estes siendo " @@ -12195,7 +13817,7 @@ msgstr "" "alimentándola.\"" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6174 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6192 msgid "" "The Noun Project nurtures their creators’ second motivation—promoting a " "personal brand—by connecting every icon and symbol to the creator’s name and " @@ -12208,7 +13830,7 @@ msgstr "" "pueden buscar los íconos por el nombre del creador." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6181 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6199 msgid "" "The Noun Project also builds community through Iconathons—hackathons for " "icons.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> In partnership with a " @@ -12228,7 +13850,7 @@ msgstr "" "puedan ser usados por cualquiera gratuitamente." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6190 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6208 msgid "" "Providing a free version of their product that satisfies a lot of their " "customers’ needs has actually enabled the Noun Project to build the paid " @@ -12248,12 +13870,12 @@ msgstr "" "esa meta." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6201 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6219 msgid "Open Data Institute" msgstr "Open Data Institute" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6204 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6222 msgid "" "The Open Data Institute is an independent nonprofit that connects, equips, " "and inspires people around the world to innovate with data. Founded in 2012 " @@ -12264,12 +13886,12 @@ msgstr "" "datos. Fundada en 2012 en RU." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6209 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6227 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://theodi.org\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://theodi.org\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6211 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6229 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: grant and government " "funding, charging for custom services, donations" @@ -12279,14 +13901,14 @@ msgstr "" "personalizados, donaciones" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6214 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6232 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: November 11, 2015" msgstr "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Fecha de la entrevista</emphasis>: 11 de " "noviembre, 2015" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6217 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6235 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Jeni Tennison, technical " "director" @@ -12295,7 +13917,7 @@ msgstr "" "técnico" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6225 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6243 msgid "" "Cofounded by Sir Tim Berners-Lee and Sir Nigel Shadbolt in 2012, the London-" "based Open Data Institute (ODI) offers data-related training, events, " @@ -12315,7 +13937,7 @@ msgstr "" "a inovar con los datos." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6235 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6253 msgid "" "Data underpins planning and decision making across all aspects of society. " "Weather data helps farmers know when to plant their crops, flight time data " @@ -12340,7 +13962,7 @@ msgstr "" "permitirles entender mejor qué es lo que esta pasando alrededor de ellos." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6247 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6265 msgid "" "The Open Data Institute’s 2012–17 business plan starts out by describing its " "vision to establish itself as a world-leading center and to research and be " @@ -12356,7 +13978,7 @@ msgstr "" "quiere —" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6257 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6275 msgid "" "demonstrate the commercial value of open government data and how open-data " "policies affect this;" @@ -12365,19 +13987,19 @@ msgstr "" "políticas de datos abiertos afectan esto;" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6263 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6281 msgid "develop the economic benefits case and business models for open data;" msgstr "" "desarrollar el caso del beneficio económico y el modelos de negocios para " "los datos abiertos;" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6269 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6287 msgid "help UK businesses use open data; and" msgstr "ayudar a los negocios del RU a usar los datos abiertos; y" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6274 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6292 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://e642e8368e3bf8d5526e-464b4b70b4554c1a79566214d402739e.r6." "cf3.rackcdn.com/odi-business-plan-may-release.pdf\"/>" @@ -12386,7 +14008,7 @@ msgstr "" "cf3.rackcdn.com/odi-business-plan-may-release.pdf\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6274 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6292 msgid "" "show how open data can improve public services.<placeholder type=\"footnote" "\" id=\"0\"/>" @@ -12395,14 +14017,23 @@ msgstr "" "<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6279 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6297 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "ODI is very explicit about how it wants to make open business models, and " +#| "defining what this means. Jeni Tennison, ODI’s technical director, puts " +#| "it this way: “There is a whole ecosystem of open—open-source software, " +#| "open government, open-access research—and a whole ecosystem of data. " +#| "ODI’s work cuts across both, with an emphasis on where they overlap—with " +#| "open data.” ODI’s particular focus is to show open data’s potential for " +#| "revenue." msgid "" "ODI is very explicit about how it wants to make open business models, and " "defining what this means. Jeni Tennison, ODI’s technical director, puts it " -"this way: “There is a whole ecosystem of open—open-source software, open " -"government, open-access research—and a whole ecosystem of data. ODI’s work " -"cuts across both, with an emphasis on where they overlap—with open data.” " -"ODI’s particular focus is to show open data’s potential for revenue." +"this way: <quote>There is a whole ecosystem of open—open-source software, " +"open government, open-access research—and a whole ecosystem of data. ODI’s " +"work cuts across both, with an emphasis on where they overlap—with open data." +"</quote> ODI’s particular focus is to show open data’s potential for revenue." msgstr "" "El ODI es muy explícito acerca de cómo quiere hacer los modelos de negocios " "abiertos, y definiendo lo que esto significa. Jeni Tennison, director " @@ -12414,7 +14045,7 @@ msgstr "" "ingresos." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6289 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6307 msgid "" "As an independent nonprofit, ODI secured £10 million over five years from " "the UK government via Innovate UK, an agency that promotes innovation in " @@ -12430,7 +14061,7 @@ msgstr "" "inversión de $4.75 millones de la Omidyar Network." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6297 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6315 msgid "" "Jeni started out as a developer and technical architect for data.gov.uk, the " "UK government’s pioneering open-data initiative. She helped make data sets " @@ -12446,7 +14077,7 @@ msgstr "" "un staff de sesenta." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6304 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6322 msgid "" "ODI strives to have half its annual budget come from the core UK government " "and Omidyar grants, and the other half from project-based research and " @@ -12462,7 +14093,7 @@ msgstr "" "complementarios en respuesta a las necesidades del mercado." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6312 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6330 msgid "" "On the commercial side, ODI generates funding through memberships, training, " "and advisory services." @@ -12471,12 +14102,12 @@ msgstr "" "capacitación, y servicios de asesoría." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6327 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6345 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://directory.theodi.org/members\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://directory.theodi.org/members\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6316 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6334 msgid "" "You can join the ODI as an individual or commercial member. Individual " "membership is pay-what-you-can, with options ranging from £1 to £100. " @@ -12499,11 +14130,24 @@ msgstr "" "organizacinoes gubernamentales a £2,200 por año. Los miembros comerciales " "tienen mayores oportunidades de conectarse y colaborar, explorarr los " "beneficios de los datos abiertos, y abrir nuevas oportunidades. (Todos " -"miembros son listados en su sitio web.)<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"" -"0\"/>" +"miembros son listados en su sitio web.)<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" +"\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6330 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6348 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "ODI provides standardized open data training courses in which anyone can " +#| "enroll. The initial idea was to offer an intensive and academically " +#| "oriented diploma in open data, but it quickly became clear there was no " +#| "market for that. Instead, they offered a five-day-long public training " +#| "course, which has subsequently been reduced to three days; now the most " +#| "popular course is one day long. The fee, in addition to the time " +#| "commitment, can be a barrier for participation. Jeni says, “Most of the " +#| "people who would be able to pay don’t know they need it. Most who know " +#| "they need it can’t pay.” Public-sector organizations sometimes give " +#| "vouchers to their employees so they can attend as a form of professional " +#| "development." msgid "" "ODI provides standardized open data training courses in which anyone can " "enroll. The initial idea was to offer an intensive and academically oriented " @@ -12511,10 +14155,10 @@ msgid "" "that. Instead, they offered a five-day-long public training course, which " "has subsequently been reduced to three days; now the most popular course is " "one day long. The fee, in addition to the time commitment, can be a barrier " -"for participation. Jeni says, “Most of the people who would be able to pay " -"don’t know they need it. Most who know they need it can’t pay.” Public-" -"sector organizations sometimes give vouchers to their employees so they can " -"attend as a form of professional development." +"for participation. Jeni says, <quote>Most of the people who would be able to " +"pay don’t know they need it. Most who know they need it can’t pay.</quote> " +"Public-sector organizations sometimes give vouchers to their employees so " +"they can attend as a form of professional development." msgstr "" "El ODI proporciona cursos de capacitación estandarizados de datos abiertos " "en los cuales cualquiera se puede suscribir. Al comienzo la idea era ofrecer " @@ -12529,7 +14173,7 @@ msgstr "" "como una forma de desarrollo profesional." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6344 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6362 msgid "" "ODI customizes training for clients as well, for which there is more demand. " "Custom training usually emerges through an established relationship with an " @@ -12547,7 +14191,7 @@ msgstr "" "tiende a generar gran interés y compromiso." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6353 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6371 msgid "" "Education about open data is also a part of ODI’s annual summit event, where " "curated presentations and speakers showcase the work of ODI and its members " @@ -12563,7 +14207,7 @@ msgstr "" "temáticas principales y más de 750 asistentes." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6361 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6379 msgid "" "In addition to memberships and training, ODI provides advisory services to " "help with technical-data support, technology development, change management, " @@ -12581,14 +14225,14 @@ msgstr "" "organizaciones comerciales." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6370 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6388 msgid "" "On the commercial side, the following value propositions seem to resonate:" msgstr "" "Del lado comercial, las siguiente proposiciones de valor parecen resonar:" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6376 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6394 msgid "" "Data-driven insights. Businesses need data from outside their business to " "get more insight. Businesses can generate value and more effectively pursue " @@ -12600,7 +14244,7 @@ msgstr "" "datos también. Los datos abiertos son un tópico candente." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6384 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6402 msgid "" "Open innovation. Many large-scale enterprises are aware they don’t innovate " "very well. One way they can innovate is to open up their data. ODI " @@ -12615,7 +14259,7 @@ msgstr "" "autonomía organizativa." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6393 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6411 msgid "" "Corporate social responsibility. While this resonates with businesses, ODI " "cautions against having it be the sole reason for making data open. If a " @@ -12629,14 +14273,23 @@ msgstr "" "y oportunidades." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6402 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6420 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "During their early years, ODI wanted to focus solely on the United " +#| "Kingdom. But in their first year, large delegations of government " +#| "visitors from over fifty countries wanted to learn more about the UK " +#| "government’s open-data practices and how ODI saw that translating into " +#| "economic value. They were contracted as a service provider to " +#| "international governments, which prompted a need to set up international " +#| "ODI “nodes.”" msgid "" "During their early years, ODI wanted to focus solely on the United Kingdom. " "But in their first year, large delegations of government visitors from over " "fifty countries wanted to learn more about the UK government’s open-data " "practices and how ODI saw that translating into economic value. They were " "contracted as a service provider to international governments, which " -"prompted a need to set up international ODI “nodes.”" +"prompted a need to set up international ODI <quote>nodes.</quote>" msgstr "" "Durante los primeros años, el ODI quería enfocarse solamente en el Reino " "Unido. Pero en el primer año, grandes delegaciones de visitantes " @@ -12647,7 +14300,7 @@ msgstr "" "crear “nodos” internacionales del ODI." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6411 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6429 msgid "" "Nodes are franchises of the ODI at a regional or city level. Hosted by " "existing (for-profit or not-for-profit) organizations, they operate locally " @@ -12669,7 +14322,7 @@ msgstr "" "pequeña cuota por ser parte de la red y usar la marca." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6425 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6443 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://theodi.org/odi-startup-programme\"/>; <ulink url=" "\"http://theodi.org/open-data-incubator-for-europe\"/>" @@ -12678,7 +14331,7 @@ msgstr "" "\"http://theodi.org/open-data-incubator-for-europe\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6423 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6441 msgid "" "ODI also runs programs to help start-ups in the UK and across Europe develop " "a sustainable business around open data, offering mentoring, advice, " @@ -12690,7 +14343,7 @@ msgstr "" "oficinas.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6429 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6447 msgid "" "A big part of ODI’s business model revolves around community building. " "Memberships, training, summits, consulting services, nodes, and start-up " @@ -12708,12 +14361,12 @@ msgstr "" "construirla, no únicamente enlinea sino a través de eventos cara-a-cara." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6443 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6461 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://certificates.theodi.org\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://certificates.theodi.org\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6438 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6456 msgid "" "ODI has created an online tool that organizations can use to assess the " "legal, practical, technical, and social aspects of their open data. If it is " @@ -12731,7 +14384,7 @@ msgstr "" "<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6446 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6464 msgid "" "Separate from commercial activities, the ODI generates funding through " "research grants. Research includes looking at evidence on the impact of open " @@ -12745,12 +14398,18 @@ msgstr "" "escala." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6452 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6470 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Creative Commons 4.0 licenses cover database rights and ODI recommends CC " +#| "BY, CC BY-SA, and CC0 for data releases. ODI encourages publishers of " +#| "data to use Creative Commons licenses rather than creating new “open " +#| "licenses” of their own." msgid "" "Creative Commons 4.0 licenses cover database rights and ODI recommends CC " "BY, CC BY-SA, and CC0 for data releases. ODI encourages publishers of data " -"to use Creative Commons licenses rather than creating new “open licenses” of " -"their own." +"to use Creative Commons licenses rather than creating new <quote>open " +"licenses</quote> of their own." msgstr "" "Las licencias Creative Commons 4.0 cubren los derechos de bases de datos y " "el ODI recomienda CC BY, CC BY-SA, y CC0 para la liberacion de datos. El ODI " @@ -12758,7 +14417,24 @@ msgstr "" "vez de crear “licencias abiertas” de su autoría." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6458 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6477 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "For ODI, open is at the heart of what they do. They also release any " +#| "software code they produce under open-source-software licenses, and " +#| "publications and reports under CC BY or CC BY-SA licenses. ODI’s mission " +#| "is to connect and equip people around the world so they can innovate with " +#| "data. Disseminating stories, research, guidance, and code under an open " +#| "license is essential for achieving that mission. It also demonstrates " +#| "that it is perfectly possible to generate sustainable revenue streams " +#| "that do not rely on restrictive licensing of content, data, or code. " +#| "People pay to have ODI experts provide training to them, not for the " +#| "content of the training; people pay for the advice ODI gives them, not " +#| "for the methodologies they use. Producing open content, data, and source " +#| "code helps establish credibility and creates leads for the paid services " +#| "that they offer. According to Jeni, “The biggest lesson we have learned " +#| "is that it is completely possible to be open, get customers, and make " +#| "money.”" msgid "" "For ODI, open is at the heart of what they do. They also release any " "software code they produce under open-source-software licenses, and " @@ -12772,8 +14448,8 @@ msgid "" "people pay for the advice ODI gives them, not for the methodologies they " "use. Producing open content, data, and source code helps establish " "credibility and creates leads for the paid services that they offer. " -"According to Jeni, “The biggest lesson we have learned is that it is " -"completely possible to be open, get customers, and make money.”" +"According to Jeni, <quote>The biggest lesson we have learned is that it is " +"completely possible to be open, get customers, and make money.</quote>" msgstr "" "Para el ODI, abierto está en el corazón de lo que hacen. También liberan " "cualquier código de software que ellos produzcan bajo las licencias de " @@ -12793,7 +14469,7 @@ msgstr "" "dinero.”" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6476 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6495 msgid "" "To serve as evidence of a successful open business model and return on " "investment, ODI has a public dashboard of key performance indicators. Here " @@ -12805,7 +14481,7 @@ msgstr "" "Abril de 2016:" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6484 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6503 msgid "" "Total amount of cash investments unlocked in direct investments in ODI, " "competition funding, direct contracts, and partnerships, and income that ODI " @@ -12818,17 +14494,17 @@ msgstr "" "del ODI han generado desde su incorporación al programa ODI: £ 44.5 millones" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6492 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6511 msgid "Total number of active members and nodes across the globe: 1,350" msgstr "Número total de miembros activos y nodos alrededor del mundo: 1,350" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6498 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6517 msgid "Total sales since ODI began: £7.44 million" msgstr "Ventas totales desde que comenzó el ODI: £7.44 millones" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6503 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6522 msgid "" "Total number of unique people reached since ODI began, in person and online: " "2.2 million" @@ -12837,17 +14513,17 @@ msgstr "" "en persona y enlinea: 2.2 millones" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6509 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6528 msgid "Total Open Data Certificates created: 151,000" msgstr "Total de certificados de Open Data creados: 151, 000" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6515 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6534 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://dashboards.theodi.org/company/all\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://dashboards.theodi.org/company/all\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6514 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6533 msgid "" "Total number of people trained by ODI and its nodes since ODI began: " "5,080<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" @@ -12856,12 +14532,12 @@ msgstr "" "comenzó: 5,080<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6521 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6540 msgid "OpenDesk" msgstr "OpenDesk" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6524 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6543 msgid "" "Opendesk is a for-profit company offering an online platform that connects " "furniture designers around the world with customers and local makers who " @@ -12873,13 +14549,13 @@ msgstr "" "RU." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6530 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6549 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.opendesk.cc\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://www.opendesk.cc\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6532 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8947 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6551 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8982 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging a transaction " "fee" @@ -12888,14 +14564,14 @@ msgstr "" "cuota de transacción" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6535 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6554 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: November 4, 2015" msgstr "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Fecha de la entrevista</emphasis>: 4 de noviembre, " "2015" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6538 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6557 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: Nick Ierodiaconou and " "Joni Steiner, cofounders" @@ -12904,7 +14580,7 @@ msgstr "" "Steiner, cofundadores" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6546 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6565 msgid "" "Opendesk is an online platform that connects furniture designers around the " "world not just with customers but also with local registered makers who " @@ -12918,7 +14594,23 @@ msgstr "" "por un creador." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6552 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6571 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Cofounders Nick Ierodiaconou and Joni Steiner studied and worked as " +#| "architects together. They also made goods. Their first client was Mint " +#| "Digital, who had an interest in open licensing. Nick and Joni were " +#| "exploring digital fabrication, and Mint’s interest in open licensing got " +#| "them to thinking how the open-source world may interact and apply to " +#| "physical goods. They sought to design something for their client that was " +#| "also reproducible. As they put it, they decided to “ship the recipe, but " +#| "not the goods.” They created the design using software, put it under an " +#| "open license, and had it manufactured locally near the client. This was " +#| "the start of the idea for Opendesk. The idea for Wikihouse—another open " +#| "project dedicated to accessible housing for all—started as discussions " +#| "around the same table. The two projects ultimately went on separate " +#| "paths, with Wikihouse becoming a nonprofit foundation and Opendesk a for-" +#| "profit company." msgid "" "Cofounders Nick Ierodiaconou and Joni Steiner studied and worked as " "architects together. They also made goods. Their first client was Mint " @@ -12926,10 +14618,10 @@ msgid "" "digital fabrication, and Mint’s interest in open licensing got them to " "thinking how the open-source world may interact and apply to physical goods. " "They sought to design something for their client that was also reproducible. " -"As they put it, they decided to “ship the recipe, but not the goods.” They " -"created the design using software, put it under an open license, and had it " -"manufactured locally near the client. This was the start of the idea for " -"Opendesk. The idea for Wikihouse—another open project dedicated to " +"As they put it, they decided to <quote>ship the recipe, but not the goods.</" +"quote> They created the design using software, put it under an open license, " +"and had it manufactured locally near the client. This was the start of the " +"idea for Opendesk. The idea for Wikihouse—another open project dedicated to " "accessible housing for all—started as discussions around the same table. The " "two projects ultimately went on separate paths, with Wikihouse becoming a " "nonprofit foundation and Opendesk a for-profit company." @@ -12950,7 +14642,7 @@ msgstr "" "lucro y Opendesk en una campañía de lucro." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6569 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6588 msgid "" "When Nick and Joni set out to create Opendesk, there were a lot of questions " "about the viability of distributed manufacturing. No one was doing it in a " @@ -12964,7 +14656,7 @@ msgstr "" "lejos del camino." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6576 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6595 msgid "" "And now this sector is emerging, and Nick and Joni are highly interested in " "the commercialization aspects of it. As part of coming up with a business " @@ -12986,7 +14678,7 @@ msgstr "" "reinventar la rueda y decidieron usar las Creative Commons." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6587 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6606 msgid "" "When designing the Opendesk system, they had two goals. They wanted anyone, " "anywhere in the world, to be able to download designs so that they could be " @@ -13001,7 +14693,7 @@ msgstr "" "Salir con un modelo de negocios iba a ser complejo." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6594 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6613 msgid "" "They gave a lot of thought to three angles—the potential for social sharing, " "allowing designers to choose their license, and the impact these choices " @@ -13012,7 +14704,7 @@ msgstr "" "decisiones en el modelo de negocios." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6599 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6618 msgid "" "In support of social sharing, Opendesk actively advocates for (but doesn’t " "demand) open licensing. And Nick and Joni are agnostic about which Creative " @@ -13028,17 +14720,23 @@ msgstr "" "quieren ser." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6610 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6630 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.opendesk.cc/designers\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://www.opendesk.cc/designers\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6607 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6626 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "For the most part, designers love the idea of sharing content. They " +#| "understand that you get positive feedback when you’re attributed, what " +#| "Nick and Joni called “reputational glow.” And Opendesk does an awesome " +#| "job profiling the designers.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgid "" "For the most part, designers love the idea of sharing content. They " "understand that you get positive feedback when you’re attributed, what Nick " -"and Joni called “reputational glow.” And Opendesk does an awesome job " -"profiling the designers.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"and Joni called <quote>reputational glow.</quote> And Opendesk does an " +"awesome job profiling the designers.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" "En su mayoría, los diseñadores aman la idea de compartir contenido. " "Entienden que reciben realimentación positiva cuando se les dá crédito, lo " @@ -13047,7 +14745,7 @@ msgstr "" "\" id=\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6613 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6633 msgid "" "While designers are largely OK with personal sharing, there is a concern " "that someone will take the design and manufacture the furniture in bulk, " @@ -13061,7 +14759,7 @@ msgstr "" "licencia Attributtion-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC)." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6620 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6640 msgid "" "Anyone can download a design and make it themselves, provided it’s for " "noncommercial use — and there have been many, many downloads. Or users can " @@ -13081,21 +14779,31 @@ msgstr "" "especificaciones en el archivo de diseño." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6637 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6657 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.opendesk.cc/open-making/makers/\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://www.opendesk.cc/open-making/makers/\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6630 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6650 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Makers benefit from being part of Opendesk’s network. Making furniture " +#| "for local customers is paid work, and Opendesk generates business for " +#| "them. Joni said, “Finding a whole network and community of makers was " +#| "pretty easy because we built a site where people could write in about " +#| "their capabilities. Building the community by learning from the maker " +#| "community is how we have moved forward.” Opendesk now has relationships " +#| "with hundreds of makers in countries all around the world.<placeholder " +#| "type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgid "" "Makers benefit from being part of Opendesk’s network. Making furniture for " "local customers is paid work, and Opendesk generates business for them. Joni " -"said, “Finding a whole network and community of makers was pretty easy " +"said, <quote>Finding a whole network and community of makers was pretty easy " "because we built a site where people could write in about their " "capabilities. Building the community by learning from the maker community is " -"how we have moved forward.” Opendesk now has relationships with hundreds of " -"makers in countries all around the world.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" -"\"0\"/>" +"how we have moved forward.</quote> Opendesk now has relationships with " +"hundreds of makers in countries all around the world.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" "Los creadores se benefician de ser parte de la red de Opendesk. Elaborar " "mobilario para los clientes locales es un trabajo pagado, y Opendesk genera " @@ -13107,7 +14815,7 @@ msgstr "" "países alrededor del mundo.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6640 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6660 msgid "" "The makers are a critical part of the Opendesk business model. Their model " "builds off the makers’ quotes. Here’s how it’s expressed on Opendesk’s " @@ -13118,7 +14826,7 @@ msgstr "" "en el sitio web de Opendesk:" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6645 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6665 msgid "" "When customers buy an Opendesk product directly from a registered maker, " "they pay:" @@ -13127,7 +14835,7 @@ msgstr "" "registrado, ellos pagan:" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6651 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6671 msgid "" "the manufacturing cost as set by the maker (this covers material and labour " "costs for the product to be manufactured and any extra assembly costs " @@ -13138,7 +14846,7 @@ msgstr "" "extra por ensamblado cargado por el creador)" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6658 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6678 msgid "" "a design fee for the designer (a design fee that is paid to the designer " "every time their design is used)" @@ -13147,7 +14855,7 @@ msgstr "" "al diseñador cada vez que su diseño es usado)" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6664 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6684 msgid "" "a percentage fee to the Opendesk platform (this supports the infrastructure " "and ongoing development of the platform that helps us build out our " @@ -13158,7 +14866,7 @@ msgstr "" "contruir nuestro mercado)" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6671 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6691 msgid "" "a percentage fee to the channel through which the sale is made (at the " "moment this is Opendesk, but in the future we aim to open this up to third-" @@ -13172,7 +14880,7 @@ msgstr "" "relevante)" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6680 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6700 msgid "" "a local delivery service charge (the delivery is typically charged by the " "maker, but in some cases may be paid to a third-party delivery partner)" @@ -13182,7 +14890,7 @@ msgstr "" "entrega externo asociado)" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6687 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6707 msgid "" "charges for any additional services the customer chooses, such as on-site " "assembly (additional services are discretionary—in many cases makers will be " @@ -13195,12 +14903,12 @@ msgstr "" "sitio y los diseñadores podrían ofrecer opciones de diseño a la medida)" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6696 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6716 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.opendesk.cc/open-making/join\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://www.opendesk.cc/open-making/join\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6695 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6715 msgid "" "local sales taxes (variable by customer and maker location)<placeholder type=" "\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" @@ -13209,13 +14917,13 @@ msgstr "" "creador)<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6701 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6721 msgid "They then go into detail how makers’ quotes are created:" msgstr "" "A continuación, se detallan cómo se crean las cotizaciones de los creadores:" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6704 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6724 msgid "" "When a customer wants to buy an Opendesk . . . they are provided with a " "transparent breakdown of fees including the manufacturing cost, design fee, " @@ -13237,7 +14945,7 @@ msgstr "" "manufactura subyacentes y son típicamente prorrateado de la siguiente manera:" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6717 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6737 msgid "" "manufacturing cost: fabrication, finishing and any other costs as set by the " "maker (excluding any services like delivery or on-site assembly)" @@ -13247,27 +14955,27 @@ msgstr "" "ensamblado en sitio)" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6724 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6744 msgid "design fee: 8 percent of the manufacturing cost" msgstr "cuota por diseño: 8 porciento del costo de manufactura" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6729 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6749 msgid "platform fee: 12 percent of the manufacturing cost" msgstr "cuota de plataforma: 12 porciento del costo de manufactura" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6734 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6754 msgid "channel fee: 18 percent of the manufacturing cost" msgstr "cuota de canal: 18 porciento del costo de manufactura" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6739 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6759 msgid "sales tax: as applicable (depends on product and location)" msgstr "impuesto de venta: los aplicables (depende del producto y ubicación)" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6744 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6764 msgid "" "Opendesk shares revenue with their community of designers. According to " "Nick and Joni, a typical designer fee is around 2.5 percent, so Opendesk’s 8 " @@ -13279,7 +14987,7 @@ msgstr "" "valor al diseñador." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6750 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6770 msgid "" "The Opendesk website features stories of designers and makers. Denis Fuzii " "published the design for the Valovi Chair from his studio in São Paulo. His " @@ -13294,7 +15002,7 @@ msgstr "" "Reino Unido. Actualmente Opendesk representa una gran parte de sus negocios." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6758 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6778 msgid "" "To manage resources and remain effective, Opendesk has so far focused on a " "very narrow niche—primarily office furniture of a certain simple aesthetic, " @@ -13312,13 +15020,20 @@ msgstr "" "piezas funcionales y reproducibles." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6767 -msgid "" -"On their website, Opendesk describes what they do as “open making”: " -"“Designers get a global distribution channel. Makers get profitable jobs and " -"new customers. You get designer products without the designer price tag, a " -"more social, eco-friendly alternative to mass-production and an affordable " -"way to buy custom-made products.”" +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6787 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "On their website, Opendesk describes what they do as “open making”: " +#| "“Designers get a global distribution channel. Makers get profitable jobs " +#| "and new customers. You get designer products without the designer price " +#| "tag, a more social, eco-friendly alternative to mass-production and an " +#| "affordable way to buy custom-made products.”" +msgid "" +"On their website, Opendesk describes what they do as <quote>open making</" +"quote>: <quote>Designers get a global distribution channel. Makers get " +"profitable jobs and new customers. You get designer products without the " +"designer price tag, a more social, eco-friendly alternative to mass-" +"production and an affordable way to buy custom-made products.</quote>" msgstr "" "En su sitio web, Opendesk describe lo que hacen como “open making (creación " "abierta)”:”Los diseñadores obtienen un canal de distribución global. Los " @@ -13328,7 +15043,7 @@ msgstr "" "asequible para comprar productos personalizados.”" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6775 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6795 msgid "" "Nick and Joni say that customers like the fact that the furniture has a " "known provenance. People really like that their furniture was designed by a " @@ -13344,20 +15059,29 @@ msgstr "" "usuales producidos en masa de una tienda." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6788 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6808 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://openmaking.is\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://openmaking.is\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6783 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6803 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Nick and Joni are taking a community-based approach to define and evolve " +#| "Opendesk and the “open making” business model. They’re engaging thought " +#| "leaders and practitioners to define this new movement. They have a " +#| "separate Open Making site, which includes a manifesto, a field guide, and " +#| "an invitation to get involved in the Open Making community.<placeholder " +#| "type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> People can submit ideas and discuss the " +#| "principles and business practices they’d like to see used." msgid "" "Nick and Joni are taking a community-based approach to define and evolve " -"Opendesk and the “open making” business model. They’re engaging thought " -"leaders and practitioners to define this new movement. They have a separate " -"Open Making site, which includes a manifesto, a field guide, and an " -"invitation to get involved in the Open Making community.<placeholder type=" -"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> People can submit ideas and discuss the principles " -"and business practices they’d like to see used." +"Opendesk and the <quote>open making</quote> business model. They’re " +"engaging thought leaders and practitioners to define this new movement. They " +"have a separate Open Making site, which includes a manifesto, a field guide, " +"and an invitation to get involved in the Open Making community.<placeholder " +"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> People can submit ideas and discuss the " +"principles and business practices they’d like to see used." msgstr "" "Nick y Joni estan tomando un acercamiento basado en la comunidad para " "definir y evolucionar a Opendesk y el modelo de negocios de “creación " @@ -13369,7 +15093,7 @@ msgstr "" "prácticas de negocios que a ellos les gustaría ver que se usaran." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6792 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6812 msgid "" "Nick and Joni talked a lot with us about intellectual property (IP) and " "commercialization. Many of their designers fear the idea that someone could " @@ -13385,7 +15109,7 @@ msgstr "" "NonCommercial (CC BY-NC)." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6800 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6820 msgid "" "Opendesk established a set of principles for what their community considers " "commercial and noncommercial use. Their website states:" @@ -13394,22 +15118,22 @@ msgstr "" "considera usos comerciales y no comerciales. Su sitio web declara:" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6804 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6824 msgid "It is unambiguously commercial use when anyone:" msgstr "Es inequívocamente uso comercial cuando alguien:" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6809 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6829 msgid "charges a fee or makes a profit when making an Opendesk" msgstr "carga una cuota o tiene una ganancia cuando hace un Opendesk" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6814 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6834 msgid "sells (or bases a commercial service on) an Opendesk" msgstr "vende (o tiene un servicio comercial basado en) un OpenDesk" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6819 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6839 msgid "" "It follows from this that noncommercial use is when you make an Opendesk " "yourself, with no intention to gain commercial advantage or monetary " @@ -13420,7 +15144,7 @@ msgstr "" "monetaria. Por ejemplo, estos califican como no comercial:" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6827 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6847 msgid "" "you are an individual with your own CNC machine, or access to a shared CNC " "machine, and will personally cut and make a few pieces of furniture yourself" @@ -13430,7 +15154,7 @@ msgstr "" "mobiliario por sí mismo" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6834 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6854 msgid "" "you are a student (or teacher) and you use the design files for educational " "purposes or training (and do not intend to sell the resulting pieces)" @@ -13439,7 +15163,7 @@ msgstr "" "educativos o capacitación (y no intenta vender las piezas resultantes)" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6841 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6861 msgid "" "you work for a charity and get furniture cut by volunteers, or by employees " "at a fab lab or maker space" @@ -13454,7 +15178,17 @@ msgstr "" "disponibles para ti en los diferentes talleres que lo conforman" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6847 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6867 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Whether or not people technically are doing things that implicate IP, " +#| "Nick and Joni have found that people tend to comply with the wishes of " +#| "creators out of a sense of fairness. They have found that behavioral " +#| "economics can replace some of the thorny legal issues. In their business " +#| "model, Nick and Joni are trying to suspend the focus on IP and build an " +#| "open business model that works for all stakeholders—designers, channels, " +#| "manufacturers, and customers. For them, the value Opendesk generates " +#| "hangs off “open,” not IP." msgid "" "Whether or not people technically are doing things that implicate IP, Nick " "and Joni have found that people tend to comply with the wishes of creators " @@ -13462,7 +15196,8 @@ msgid "" "replace some of the thorny legal issues. In their business model, Nick and " "Joni are trying to suspend the focus on IP and build an open business model " "that works for all stakeholders—designers, channels, manufacturers, and " -"customers. For them, the value Opendesk generates hangs off “open,” not IP." +"customers. For them, the value Opendesk generates hangs off <quote>open,</" +"quote> not IP." msgstr "" "Independientemente de que las personas técnicamente estén haciendo cosas que " "implican propiedad intelectual, Nick y Joni encontraron que la gente tiende " @@ -13475,7 +15210,7 @@ msgstr "" "genera Opendesk depende del “abierto,” no de la propiedad intelectual." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6858 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6878 msgid "" "The mission of Opendesk is about relocalizing manufacturing, which changes " "the way we think about how goods are made. Commercialization is integral to " @@ -13490,7 +15225,7 @@ msgstr "" "involucrados a través de Opendesk en trabajo generador de ingresos." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6865 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6885 msgid "" "As a global platform for local making, Opendesk’s business model has been " "built on honesty, transparency, and inclusivity. As Nick and Joni describe " @@ -13502,12 +15237,12 @@ msgstr "" "ganan impulso y entonces tienen esperanza en las personas." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6872 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6892 msgid "OpenStax" msgstr "OpenStax" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6875 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6895 msgid "" "OpenStax is a nonprofit that provides free, openly licensed textbooks for " "high-enrollment introductory college courses and Advanced Placement courses. " @@ -13518,48 +15253,60 @@ msgstr "" "demanda y cursos de posicionamiento avanzado. Fundado en 2012 en los EUA." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6880 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6900 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.openstaxcollege.org\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://www.openstaxcollege.org\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6882 -#| msgid "" -#| "Revenue model: grant funding, charging for custom services, charging for " -#| "physical copies (textbook sales)" +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6902 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: grant funding, charging " "for custom services, charging for physical copies (textbook sales)" msgstr "" -"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Modelo de ingresos</emphasis>: donaciones, cobros por servicios personalizados, cobros " -"por copias físicas (ventas de libros de texto)" +"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Modelo de ingresos</emphasis>: donaciones, cobros " +"por servicios personalizados, cobros por copias físicas (ventas de libros de " +"texto)" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6886 -#| msgid "Interview date: December 16, 2015" +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6906 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: December 16, 2015" -msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Fecha de la entrevista</emphasis>: 16 de diciembre, 2015" +msgstr "" +"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Fecha de la entrevista</emphasis>: 16 de " +"diciembre, 2015" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6889 -#| msgid "Interviewee: David Harris, editor-in-chief" +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6909 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: David Harris, editor-in-" "chief" -msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Entrevistado</emphasis>: David Harris, Editor en Jefe" +msgstr "" +"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Entrevistado</emphasis>: David Harris, Editor en " +"Jefe" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6897 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6917 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "OpenStax is an extension of a program called Connexions, which was " +#| "started in 1999 by Dr. Richard Baraniuk, the Victor E. Cameron Professor " +#| "of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Rice University in Houston, " +#| "Texas. Frustrated by the limitations of traditional textbooks and " +#| "courses, Dr. Baraniuk wanted to provide authors and learners a way to " +#| "share and freely adapt educational materials such as courses, books, and " +#| "reports. Today, Connexions (now called OpenStax CNX) is one of the " +#| "world’s best libraries of customizable educational materials, all " +#| "licensed with Creative Commons and available to anyone, anywhere, anytime—" +#| "for free." msgid "" "OpenStax is an extension of a program called Connexions, which was started " -"in 1999 by Dr. Richard Baraniuk, the Victor E. Cameron Professor of " +"in 1999 by Dr. Richard Baraniuk, the Victor E. Cameron Professor of " "Electrical and Computer Engineering at Rice University in Houston, Texas. " -"Frustrated by the limitations of traditional textbooks and courses, Dr. " -"Baraniuk wanted to provide authors and learners a way to share and freely " -"adapt educational materials such as courses, books, and reports. Today, " -"Connexions (now called OpenStax CNX) is one of the world’s best libraries of " -"customizable educational materials, all licensed with Creative Commons and " -"available to anyone, anywhere, anytime—for free." +"Frustrated by the limitations of traditional textbooks and courses, " +"Dr. Baraniuk wanted to provide authors and learners a way to share and " +"freely adapt educational materials such as courses, books, and reports. " +"Today, Connexions (now called OpenStax CNX) is one of the world’s best " +"libraries of customizable educational materials, all licensed with Creative " +"Commons and available to anyone, anywhere, anytime—for free." msgstr "" "OpenStax es una extensión del programa llamado Connexions, el cual fue " "comenzado en 1999 por el Dr. Richard Baraniuk, profesor Victor E. Cameron de " @@ -13573,7 +15320,7 @@ msgstr "" "cualquier momento— sin costo." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6909 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6929 msgid "" "In 2008, while in a senior leadership role at WebAssign and looking at ways " "to reduce the risk that came with relying on publishers, David Harris began " @@ -13595,7 +15342,7 @@ msgstr "" "OpenStax College, ahora simplemente OpenStax." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6920 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6940 msgid "" "David brought with him a deep understanding of the best practices of " "publishing along with where publishers have inefficiencies. In David’s view, " @@ -13619,7 +15366,7 @@ msgstr "" "fácil adopción por parte de los estudiantes y profesores." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6938 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6958 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://news.rice.edu/files/2016/01/0119-" "OPENSTAX-2016Infographic-lg-1tahxiu.jpg\"/>" @@ -13628,7 +15375,7 @@ msgstr "" "OPENSTAX-2016Infographic-lg-1tahxiu.jpg\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6932 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6952 msgid "" "In 2012, OpenStax College launched as a nonprofit with the aim of producing " "high-quality, peer-reviewed full-color textbooks that would be available for " @@ -13649,7 +15396,7 @@ msgstr "" "profesionalente escala rápidamente. Todo sin una fuerza de ventas!" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6942 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6962 msgid "" "OpenStax textbooks are all Attribution (CC BY) licensed, and each textbook " "is available as a PDF, an e-book, or web pages. Those who want a physical " @@ -13667,7 +15414,7 @@ msgstr "" "acerca de estos libros de texto y que promuevan su uso." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6951 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6971 msgid "" "Teachers are invited to try out a single chapter from one of the textbooks " "with students. If that goes well, they’re encouraged to adopt the entire " @@ -13683,7 +15430,7 @@ msgstr "" "adecúe a sus necesidades." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6959 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6979 msgid "" "Any teacher can post corrections, suggest examples for difficult concepts, " "or volunteer as an editor or author. As many teachers also want supplemental " @@ -13697,12 +15444,12 @@ msgstr "" "clave, y más." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6970 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6990 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://openstax.org/adopters\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://openstax.org/adopters\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6966 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6986 msgid "" "Institutions can stand out by offering students a lower-cost education " "through the use of OpenStax textbooks; there’s even a textbook-savings " @@ -13718,7 +15465,7 @@ msgstr "" "sus libros de texto.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6973 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6993 msgid "" "Unlike traditional publishers’ monolithic approach of controlling " "intellectual property, distribution, and so many other aspects, OpenStax has " @@ -13731,7 +15478,7 @@ msgstr "" "red extensiva de asociados." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6979 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6999 msgid "" "Up-front funding of a professionally produced all-color turnkey textbook is " "expensive. For this part of their model, OpenStax relies on philanthropy. " @@ -13752,7 +15499,7 @@ msgstr "" "inversión filantrópica." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6990 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7010 msgid "" "However, ongoing operations will not rely on foundation grants but instead " "on funds received through an ecosystem of over forty partners, whereby a " @@ -13773,7 +15520,7 @@ msgstr "" "disponibles a los alumnos por una cuota." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7000 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7020 msgid "" "Another example is Odigia, who has turned OpenStax books into interactive " "learning experiences and created additional tools to measure and promote " @@ -13792,7 +15539,7 @@ msgstr "" "Introducción a la Sociología 2da Ed, usando estos fondos." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7010 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7030 msgid "" "In David’s view, this approach lets the market operate at peak efficiency. " "OpenStax’s partners don’t have to worry about developing textbook content, " @@ -13814,7 +15561,7 @@ msgstr "" "fuerza de ventas; sus participantes estan afuera mostrando sus materiales." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7022 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7042 msgid "" "OpenStax’s cost of sales to acquire a single student is very, very low and " "is a fraction of what traditional players in the market face. This year, " @@ -13829,7 +15576,7 @@ msgstr "" "compartir estos hallazgos con la comunidad." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7030 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7050 msgid "" "While OpenStax books are available online for free, many students still want " "a print copy. Through a partnership with a print and courier company, " @@ -13850,7 +15597,7 @@ msgstr "" "corrientes." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7040 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7060 msgid "" "Campus-based bookstores are part of the OpenStax solution. OpenStax " "collaborates with NACSCORP (the National Association of College Stores " @@ -13876,14 +15623,22 @@ msgstr "" "impresos es prácticamente del cien por ciento." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7053 -msgid "" -"David thinks of the OpenStax model as “OER 2.0.” So what is OER 1.0? " -"Historically in the OER field, many OER initiatives have been locally funded " -"by institutions or government ministries. In David’s view, this results in " -"content that has high local value but is infrequently adopted nationally. " -"It’s therefore difficult to show payback over a time scale that is " -"reasonable." +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7073 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "David thinks of the OpenStax model as “OER 2.0.” So what is OER 1.0? " +#| "Historically in the OER field, many OER initiatives have been locally " +#| "funded by institutions or government ministries. In David’s view, this " +#| "results in content that has high local value but is infrequently adopted " +#| "nationally. It’s therefore difficult to show payback over a time scale " +#| "that is reasonable." +msgid "" +"David thinks of the OpenStax model as <quote>OER 2.0.</quote> So what is OER " +"1.0? Historically in the OER field, many OER initiatives have been locally " +"funded by institutions or government ministries. In David’s view, this " +"results in content that has high local value but is infrequently adopted " +"nationally. It’s therefore difficult to show payback over a time scale that " +"is reasonable." msgstr "" "David piensa acerca del modelo de OpenStax como «OER 2.0». Entonces, ¿ qué " "es OER 1.0 ? históricamente en el campo de los OER, muchas iniciativas OER " @@ -13894,7 +15649,7 @@ msgstr "" "que sea razonable." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7061 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7081 msgid "" "OER 2.0 is about OER intended to be used and adopted on a national level " "right from the start. This requires a bigger investment up front but pays " @@ -13918,7 +15673,7 @@ msgstr "" "cero, un buen ejemplo es su libro de biología." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7074 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7094 msgid "" "The process is similar for both models. First they look at the scope and " "sequence of existing textbooks. They ask questions like what does the " @@ -13952,7 +15707,7 @@ msgstr "" "muy laborioso." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7092 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7112 msgid "" "All the people involved in this process are paid. OpenStax does not rely on " "volunteers. Writers, reviewers, illustrators, and editors are all paid an up-" @@ -13972,14 +15727,24 @@ msgstr "" "por adelantado." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7102 -msgid "" -"David thinks of the Attribution license (CC BY) as the “innovation license.” " -"It’s core to the mission of OpenStax, letting people use their textbooks in " -"innovative ways without having to ask for permission. It frees up the whole " -"market and has been central to OpenStax being able to bring on partners. " -"OpenStax sees a lot of customization of their materials. By enabling " -"frictionless remixing, CC BY gives teachers control and academic freedom." +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7122 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "David thinks of the Attribution license (CC BY) as the “innovation " +#| "license.” It’s core to the mission of OpenStax, letting people use their " +#| "textbooks in innovative ways without having to ask for permission. It " +#| "frees up the whole market and has been central to OpenStax being able to " +#| "bring on partners. OpenStax sees a lot of customization of their " +#| "materials. By enabling frictionless remixing, CC BY gives teachers " +#| "control and academic freedom." +msgid "" +"David thinks of the Attribution license (CC BY) as the <quote>innovation " +"license.</quote> It’s core to the mission of OpenStax, letting people use " +"their textbooks in innovative ways without having to ask for permission. It " +"frees up the whole market and has been central to OpenStax being able to " +"bring on partners. OpenStax sees a lot of customization of their materials. " +"By enabling frictionless remixing, CC BY gives teachers control and academic " +"freedom." msgstr "" "David piensa de la licencia Attribution (CC BY) como la «licencia de " "innovación». Es fundamental para la misión de OpenStax, permitiendole a la " @@ -13990,7 +15755,7 @@ msgstr "" "profesore el control y libertad académica." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7111 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7132 msgid "" "Using CC BY is also a good example of using strategies that traditional " "publishers can’t. Traditional publishers rely on copyright to prevent others " @@ -14011,7 +15776,7 @@ msgstr "" "compromiso y toma ventaja de las ineficiencias del mercado tradicional." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7121 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7142 msgid "" "As of September 16, 2016, OpenStax has achieved some impressive results. " "From the OpenStax at a Glance fact sheet from their recent press kit:" @@ -14021,29 +15786,29 @@ msgstr "" "de su reciente material para la prensa:" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7128 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7149 msgid "Books published: 23" msgstr "Libros publicados: 23" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7133 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7154 msgid "Students who have used OpenStax: 1.6 million" msgstr "Estudiantes que han usado OpenStax: 1.6 millones" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7138 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7159 msgid "Money saved for students: $155 million" msgstr "Dinero ahorrado por los estudiantes: $ 155 millones" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7143 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7164 msgid "Money saved for students in the 2016/17 academic year: $77 million" msgstr "" "Dinero ahorrado por los estudiantes en el ciclo académico 2016-17: $77 " "millones" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7149 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7170 msgid "" "Schools that have used OpenStax: 2,668 (This number reflects all " "institutions using at least one OpenStax textbook. Out of 2,668 schools, 517 " @@ -14056,7 +15821,7 @@ msgstr "" "años y universidades, y 344 colegios y universidades fuera de los E.U.A.)" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7158 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7179 msgid "" "While OpenStax has to date been focused on the United States, there is " "overseas adoption especially in the science, technology, engineering, and " @@ -14070,7 +15835,7 @@ msgstr "" "internacional." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7165 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7186 msgid "" "OpenStax has primarily focused on introductory-level college courses where " "there is high enrollment, but they are starting to think about verticals—a " @@ -14086,7 +15851,7 @@ msgstr "" "carrera de enfermería, por ejemplo." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7173 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7194 msgid "" "Finally, for OpenStax success is not just about the adoption of their " "textbooks and student savings. There is a human aspect to the work that is " @@ -14109,44 +15874,42 @@ msgstr "" "alcanzarla." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7186 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7207 msgid "Amanda Palmer" msgstr "Amanda Palmer" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7189 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7210 msgid "Amanda Palmer is a musician, artist, and writer. Based in the U.S." msgstr "Amanda Palmer es música, artista, y escritora. Vive en los E.U.A." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7193 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7214 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://amandapalmer.net\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://amandapalmer.net\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7195 -#| msgid "" -#| "Revenue model: crowdfunding (subscription-based), pay-what-you-want, " -#| "charging for physical copies (book and album sales), charg-ing for in-" -#| "person version (performances), selling merchandise" +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7216 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: crowdfunding " "(subscription-based), pay-what-you-want, charging for physical copies (book " "and album sales), charg-ing for in-person version (performances), selling " "merchandise" msgstr "" -"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Modelo de ingresos</emphasis>: financiamiento comunitario (en base a subscripciones), " -"paga-lo-que-quieras, cobros por copias físicas ( libros y venta de álbums), " -"cobros para versiones en vivo (performances), venta de mercancia" +"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Modelo de ingresos</emphasis>: financiamiento " +"comunitario (en base a subscripciones), paga-lo-que-quieras, cobros por " +"copias físicas ( libros y venta de álbums), cobros para versiones en vivo " +"(performances), venta de mercancia" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7200 -#| msgid "Interview date: December 15, 2015" +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7221 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: December 15, 2015" -msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Fecha de la entrevista</emphasis>: 15 de diciembre, 2015" +msgstr "" +"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Fecha de la entrevista</emphasis>: 15 de " +"diciembre, 2015" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7210 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7232 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.forbes.com/sites/zackomalleygreenburg/2015/04/16/" "amanda-palmer-uncut-the-kickstarter-queen-on-spotify-patreon-and-taylor-" @@ -14157,23 +15920,37 @@ msgstr "" "swift/#44e20ce46d67\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7208 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7229 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Since the beginning of her career, Amanda Palmer has been on what she " +#| "calls a “journey with no roadmap,” continually experimenting to find new " +#| "ways to sustain her creative work.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/" +#| ">" msgid "" "Since the beginning of her career, Amanda Palmer has been on what she calls " -"a “journey with no roadmap,” continually experimenting to find new ways to " -"sustain her creative work.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"a <quote>journey with no roadmap,</quote> continually experimenting to find " +"new ways to sustain her creative work.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" +"\"0\"/>" msgstr "" "Desde el principio de su carrera, Amanda Palmer ha estado en lo que ella " "llama «un viaje sin mapa», continuamente experimentando para encontrar " -"nuevas vias de continuar su trabajo creativo.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"nuevas vias de continuar su trabajo creativo.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " +"id=\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7213 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7235 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "In her best-selling book, The Art of Asking, Amanda articulates exactly " +#| "what she has been and continues to strive for—“the ideal sweet spot . . . " +#| "in which the artist can share freely and directly feel the reverberations " +#| "of their artistic gifts to the community, and make a living doing that.”" msgid "" "In her best-selling book, The Art of Asking, Amanda articulates exactly what " -"she has been and continues to strive for—“the ideal sweet spot . . . in " -"which the artist can share freely and directly feel the reverberations of " -"their artistic gifts to the community, and make a living doing that.”" +"she has been and continues to strive for—<quote>the ideal sweet spot . . . " +"in which the artist can share freely and directly feel the reverberations of " +"their artistic gifts to the community, and make a living doing that.</quote>" msgstr "" "En su libro best-seller, The Art of Asking, Amanda comenta exactamente que " "ha sido y que continua esforzandose por ser—«el punto justo ideal … en " @@ -14182,14 +15959,22 @@ msgstr "" "haciendolo.»" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7220 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7242 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "While she seems to have successfully found that sweet spot for herself, " +#| "Amanda is the first to acknowledge there is no silver bullet. She thinks " +#| "the digital age is both an exciting and frustrating time for creators. " +#| "“On the one hand, we have this beautiful shareability,” Amanda said. “On " +#| "the other, you’ve got a bunch of confused artists wondering how to make " +#| "money to buy food so we can make more art.”" msgid "" "While she seems to have successfully found that sweet spot for herself, " "Amanda is the first to acknowledge there is no silver bullet. She thinks the " -"digital age is both an exciting and frustrating time for creators. “On the " -"one hand, we have this beautiful shareability,” Amanda said. “On the other, " -"you’ve got a bunch of confused artists wondering how to make money to buy " -"food so we can make more art.”" +"digital age is both an exciting and frustrating time for creators. <quote>On " +"the one hand, we have this beautiful shareability,</quote> Amanda said. " +"<quote>On the other, you’ve got a bunch of confused artists wondering how to " +"make money to buy food so we can make more art.</quote>" msgstr "" "Mientras parece que ella tuvo exito al encontrar ese punto justo para sí " "misma, Amanda es la primera en reconocer que hay soluciones milagrosas. " @@ -14200,7 +15985,20 @@ msgstr "" "seguir haciendo arte.»" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7229 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7251 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Amanda began her artistic career as a street performer. She would dress " +#| "up in an antique wedding gown, paint her face white, stand on a stack of " +#| "milk crates, and hand out flowers to strangers as part of a silent " +#| "dramatic performance. She collected money in a hat. Most people walked by " +#| "her without stopping, but an essential few stopped to watch and drop some " +#| "money into her hat to show their appreciation. Rather than dwelling on " +#| "the majority of people who ignored her, she felt thankful for those who " +#| "stopped. “All I needed was . . . some people,” she wrote in her book. " +#| "“Enough people. Enough to make it worth coming back the next day, enough " +#| "people to help me make rent and put food on the table. Enough so I could " +#| "keep making art.”" msgid "" "Amanda began her artistic career as a street performer. She would dress up " "in an antique wedding gown, paint her face white, stand on a stack of milk " @@ -14208,10 +16006,11 @@ msgid "" "performance. She collected money in a hat. Most people walked by her without " "stopping, but an essential few stopped to watch and drop some money into her " "hat to show their appreciation. Rather than dwelling on the majority of " -"people who ignored her, she felt thankful for those who stopped. “All I " -"needed was . . . some people,” she wrote in her book. “Enough people. Enough " -"to make it worth coming back the next day, enough people to help me make " -"rent and put food on the table. Enough so I could keep making art.”" +"people who ignored her, she felt thankful for those who stopped. <quote>All " +"I needed was . . . some people,</quote> she wrote in her book. <quote>Enough " +"people. Enough to make it worth coming back the next day, enough people to " +"help me make rent and put food on the table. Enough so I could keep making " +"art.</quote>" msgstr "" "Amanda comenzó su carrera artística como una interprete callejera. Se vestia " "con un vestido de novia antiguo, se pintó la cara de blanco, se apoyaba en " @@ -14228,15 +16027,26 @@ msgstr "" "haciendo arte.»" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7243 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7265 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Amanda has come a long way from her street-performing days, but her " +#| "career remains dominated by that same sentiment—finding ways to reach " +#| "“her crowd” and feeling gratitude when she does. With her band the " +#| "Dresden Dolls, Amanda tried the traditional path of signing with a record " +#| "label. It didn’t take for a variety of reasons, but one of them was that " +#| "the label had absolutely no interest in Amanda’s view of success. They " +#| "wanted hits, but making music for the masses was never what Amanda and " +#| "the Dresden Dolls set out to do." msgid "" "Amanda has come a long way from her street-performing days, but her career " -"remains dominated by that same sentiment—finding ways to reach “her crowd” " -"and feeling gratitude when she does. With her band the Dresden Dolls, Amanda " -"tried the traditional path of signing with a record label. It didn’t take " -"for a variety of reasons, but one of them was that the label had absolutely " -"no interest in Amanda’s view of success. They wanted hits, but making music " -"for the masses was never what Amanda and the Dresden Dolls set out to do." +"remains dominated by that same sentiment—finding ways to reach <quote>her " +"crowd</quote> and feeling gratitude when she does. With her band the Dresden " +"Dolls, Amanda tried the traditional path of signing with a record label. It " +"didn’t take for a variety of reasons, but one of them was that the label had " +"absolutely no interest in Amanda’s view of success. They wanted hits, but " +"making music for the masses was never what Amanda and the Dresden Dolls set " +"out to do." msgstr "" "Amanda ha transitado una larga jornada desde sus dias de artista callejero, " "pero su carrera continua dominada por el mismo sentimiento—encontrar vias " @@ -14248,16 +16058,28 @@ msgstr "" "lo que Amanda y the Dresden Dolls querían hacer." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7254 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7276 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "After leaving the record label in 2008, she began experimenting with " +#| "different ways to make a living. She released music directly to the " +#| "public without involving a middle man, releasing digital files on a “pay " +#| "what you want” basis and selling CDs and vinyl. She also made money from " +#| "live performances and merchandise sales. Eventually, in 2012 she decided " +#| "to try her hand at the sort of crowdfunding we know so well today. Her " +#| "Kickstarter project started with a goal of $100,000, and she made $1.2 " +#| "million. It remains one of the most successful Kickstarter projects of " +#| "all time." msgid "" "After leaving the record label in 2008, she began experimenting with " "different ways to make a living. She released music directly to the public " -"without involving a middle man, releasing digital files on a “pay what you " -"want” basis and selling CDs and vinyl. She also made money from live " -"performances and merchandise sales. Eventually, in 2012 she decided to try " -"her hand at the sort of crowdfunding we know so well today. Her Kickstarter " -"project started with a goal of $100,000, and she made $1.2 million. It " -"remains one of the most successful Kickstarter projects of all time." +"without involving a middle man, releasing digital files on a <quote>pay what " +"you want</quote> basis and selling CDs and vinyl. She also made money from " +"live performances and merchandise sales. Eventually, in 2012 she decided to " +"try her hand at the sort of crowdfunding we know so well today. Her " +"Kickstarter project started with a goal of $100,000, and she made $1.2 " +"million. It remains one of the most successful Kickstarter projects of all " +"time." msgstr "" "Despues de dejar a la disquera en 2008, comenzó a experimentar con " "diferentes vias de hacer un ingreso. Liberó música directamente al público " @@ -14265,21 +16087,32 @@ msgstr "" "«paga lo que quieras» además de vender CDs y viniles. También ganó dinero al " "realizar performances en vivo y venta de mercancias. Finalmente, en 2012 " "decidió intentar el tipo de financiamiento comunitario que conocemos bien el " -"dia de hoy. Su proyecto kickstarter comenzó con una meta de $100,000, y " -"ella logró $1.2 millones. Es uno de los más exitosos proyectos de " -"kickstarter de todos los tiempos." +"dia de hoy. Su proyecto kickstarter comenzó con una meta de $100,000, y ella " +"logró $1.2 millones. Es uno de los más exitosos proyectos de kickstarter de " +"todos los tiempos." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7266 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7288 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Today, Amanda has switched gears away from crowdfunding for specific " +#| "projects to instead getting consistent financial support from her fan " +#| "base on Patreon, a crowdfunding site that allows artists to get recurring " +#| "donations from fans. More than eight thousand people have signed up to " +#| "support her so she can create music, art, and any other creative “thing” " +#| "that she is inspired to make. The recurring pledges are made on a “per " +#| "thing” basis. All of the content she makes is made freely available under " +#| "an Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license (CC BY-NC-SA)." msgid "" "Today, Amanda has switched gears away from crowdfunding for specific " "projects to instead getting consistent financial support from her fan base " "on Patreon, a crowdfunding site that allows artists to get recurring " "donations from fans. More than eight thousand people have signed up to " -"support her so she can create music, art, and any other creative “thing” " -"that she is inspired to make. The recurring pledges are made on a “per " -"thing” basis. All of the content she makes is made freely available under an " -"Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license (CC BY-NC-SA)." +"support her so she can create music, art, and any other creative " +"<quote>thing</quote> that she is inspired to make. The recurring pledges are " +"made on a <quote>per thing</quote> basis. All of the content she makes is " +"made freely available under an Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license " +"(CC BY-NC-SA)." msgstr "" "En el presente, Amanda se ha alejado del financiamiento colectivo para " "proyectos específicos y en lugar de eso obtener un soporte financiero " @@ -14291,7 +16124,23 @@ msgstr "" "costo bajo la licencia Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike (CC BY-NC-SA)." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7277 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7300 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Making her music and art available under Creative Commons licensing " +#| "undoubtedly limits her options for how she makes a living. But sharing " +#| "her work has been part of her model since the beginning of her career, " +#| "even before she discovered Creative Commons. Amanda says the Dresden " +#| "Dolls used to get ten emails per week from fans asking if they could use " +#| "their music for different projects. They said yes to all of the requests, " +#| "as long as it wasn’t for a completely for-profit venture. At the time, " +#| "they used a short-form agreement written by Amanda herself. “I made " +#| "everyone sign that contract so at least I wouldn’t be leaving the band " +#| "vulnerable to someone later going on and putting our music in a Camel " +#| "cigarette ad,” Amanda said. Once she discovered Creative Commons, " +#| "adopting the licenses was an easy decision because it gave them a more " +#| "formal, standardized way of doing what they had been doing all along. The " +#| "NonCommercial licenses were a natural fit." msgid "" "Making her music and art available under Creative Commons licensing " "undoubtedly limits her options for how she makes a living. But sharing her " @@ -14300,12 +16149,13 @@ msgid "" "to get ten emails per week from fans asking if they could use their music " "for different projects. They said yes to all of the requests, as long as it " "wasn’t for a completely for-profit venture. At the time, they used a short-" -"form agreement written by Amanda herself. “I made everyone sign that " +"form agreement written by Amanda herself. <quote>I made everyone sign that " "contract so at least I wouldn’t be leaving the band vulnerable to someone " -"later going on and putting our music in a Camel cigarette ad,” Amanda said. " -"Once she discovered Creative Commons, adopting the licenses was an easy " -"decision because it gave them a more formal, standardized way of doing what " -"they had been doing all along. The NonCommercial licenses were a natural fit." +"later going on and putting our music in a Camel cigarette ad,</quote> Amanda " +"said. Once she discovered Creative Commons, adopting the licenses was an " +"easy decision because it gave them a more formal, standardized way of doing " +"what they had been doing all along. The NonCommercial licenses were a " +"natural fit." msgstr "" "Hacere su arte y música disponibles bajo licencias Creative Commons sin duda " "limita sus opciones en la forma que ella hace un ingreso. Pero compartir su " @@ -14324,13 +16174,21 @@ msgstr "" "NonCommercial fueron como hechas a la medida." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7295 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7318 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Amanda embraces the way her fans share and build upon her music. In The " +#| "Art of Asking, she wrote that some of her fans’ unofficial videos using " +#| "her music surpass the official videos in number of views on YouTube. " +#| "Rather than seeing this sort of thing as competition, Amanda celebrates " +#| "it. “We got into this because we wanted to share the joy of music,” she " +#| "said." msgid "" "Amanda embraces the way her fans share and build upon her music. In The Art " "of Asking, she wrote that some of her fans’ unofficial videos using her " "music surpass the official videos in number of views on YouTube. Rather than " -"seeing this sort of thing as competition, Amanda celebrates it. “We got into " -"this because we wanted to share the joy of music,” she said." +"seeing this sort of thing as competition, Amanda celebrates it. <quote>We " +"got into this because we wanted to share the joy of music,</quote> she said." msgstr "" "Amanda acepta las vias en que sus fans comparten y construyen a partir de su " "música. En su libro, The Art of Asking, escribió que algunos de los videos " @@ -14340,14 +16198,24 @@ msgstr "" "disfrute de la música, » dijo." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7303 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7326 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "This is symbolic of how nearly everything she does in her career is " +#| "motivated by a desire to connect with her fans. At the start of her " +#| "career, she and the band would throw concerts at house parties. As the " +#| "gatherings grew, the line between fans and friends was completely " +#| "blurred. “Not only did most our early fans know where I lived and where " +#| "we practiced, but most of them had also been in my kitchen,” Amanda wrote " +#| "in The Art of Asking." msgid "" "This is symbolic of how nearly everything she does in her career is " "motivated by a desire to connect with her fans. At the start of her career, " "she and the band would throw concerts at house parties. As the gatherings " -"grew, the line between fans and friends was completely blurred. “Not only " -"did most our early fans know where I lived and where we practiced, but most " -"of them had also been in my kitchen,” Amanda wrote in The Art of Asking." +"grew, the line between fans and friends was completely blurred. <quote>Not " +"only did most our early fans know where I lived and where we practiced, but " +"most of them had also been in my kitchen,</quote> Amanda wrote in The Art of " +"Asking." msgstr "" "Esto simboliza como casi todo lo que hace en su carrera está motivado por un " "deseo de conectarse con sus fans. Al inicio de su carrera, ella y la banda " @@ -14357,7 +16225,18 @@ msgstr "" "habían estado en mi cosina,» escribió Amanda en The Art of Asking." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7312 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7336 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Even though her fan base is now huge and global, she continues to seek " +#| "this sort of human connection with her fans. She seeks out face-to-face " +#| "contact with her fans every chance she can get. Her hugely successful " +#| "Kickstarter featured fifty concerts at house parties for backers. She " +#| "spends hours in the signing line after shows. It helps that Amanda has " +#| "the kind of dynamic, engaging personality that instantly draws people to " +#| "her, but a big component of her ability to connect with people is her " +#| "willingness to listen. “Listening fast and caring immediately is a skill " +#| "unto itself,” Amanda wrote." msgid "" "Even though her fan base is now huge and global, she continues to seek this " "sort of human connection with her fans. She seeks out face-to-face contact " @@ -14366,7 +16245,8 @@ msgid "" "the signing line after shows. It helps that Amanda has the kind of dynamic, " "engaging personality that instantly draws people to her, but a big component " "of her ability to connect with people is her willingness to listen. " -"“Listening fast and caring immediately is a skill unto itself,” Amanda wrote." +"<quote>Listening fast and caring immediately is a skill unto itself,</quote> " +"Amanda wrote." msgstr "" "Aunque ahora que la base de admiradores es amplia y global, ella continúa " "buscando este tipo de conexión humana con sus fans. Busca el contacto cara-a-" @@ -14380,7 +16260,7 @@ msgstr "" "mismo,» escribió Amanda." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7324 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7348 msgid "" "Another part of the connection fans feel with Amanda is how much they know " "about her life. Rather than trying to craft a public persona or image, she " @@ -14400,14 +16280,22 @@ msgstr "" "después de un espectáculo, ellos pueden sentir legitimamente que la conocen." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7334 -msgid "" -"“With social media, we’re so concerned with the picture looking palatable " -"and consumable that we forget that being human and showing the flaws and " -"exposing the vulnerability actually create a deeper connection than just " -"looking fantastic,” Amanda said. “Everything in our culture is telling us " -"otherwise. But my experience has shown me that the risk of making yourself " -"vulnerable is almost always worth it.”" +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7357 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "“With social media, we’re so concerned with the picture looking palatable " +#| "and consumable that we forget that being human and showing the flaws and " +#| "exposing the vulnerability actually create a deeper connection than just " +#| "looking fantastic,” Amanda said. “Everything in our culture is telling " +#| "us otherwise. But my experience has shown me that the risk of making " +#| "yourself vulnerable is almost always worth it.”" +msgid "" +"<quote>With social media, we’re so concerned with the picture looking " +"palatable and consumable that we forget that being human and showing the " +"flaws and exposing the vulnerability actually create a deeper connection " +"than just looking fantastic,</quote> Amanda said. <quote>Everything in our " +"culture is telling us otherwise. But my experience has shown me that the " +"risk of making yourself vulnerable is almost always worth it.</quote>" msgstr "" "«Con los medios de interacción social en línea, estamos tan preocupados de " "que la imágen sea aceptable y consumible que olvidamos que mostrarse " @@ -14417,7 +16305,7 @@ msgstr "" "que el riesgo de hacerte vulnerable casi siempre vale la pena. »" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7343 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7366 msgid "" "Not only does she disclose intimate details of her life to them, she sleeps " "on their couches, listens to their stories, cries with them. In short, she " @@ -14436,7 +16324,7 @@ msgstr "" "haces con los amigos—compartes." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7353 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7376 msgid "" "After years of investing time and energy into building trust with her fans, " "she has a strong enough relationship with them to ask for support—through " @@ -14455,13 +16343,22 @@ msgstr "" "Personas que se sienten involucradas en su éxito." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7363 -msgid "" -"“When you openly, radically trust people, they not only take care of you, " -"they become your allies, your family,” she wrote. There really is a feeling " -"of solidarity within her core fan base. From the beginning, Amanda and her " -"band encouraged people to dress up for their shows. They consciously " -"cultivated a feeling of belonging to their “weird little family.”" +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7385 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "“When you openly, radically trust people, they not only take care of you, " +#| "they become your allies, your family,” she wrote. There really is a " +#| "feeling of solidarity within her core fan base. From the beginning, " +#| "Amanda and her band encouraged people to dress up for their shows. They " +#| "consciously cultivated a feeling of belonging to their “weird little " +#| "family.”" +msgid "" +"<quote>When you openly, radically trust people, they not only take care of " +"you, they become your allies, your family,</quote> she wrote. There really " +"is a feeling of solidarity within her core fan base. From the beginning, " +"Amanda and her band encouraged people to dress up for their shows. They " +"consciously cultivated a feeling of belonging to their <quote>weird little " +"family.</quote>" msgstr "" "«Cuando confias en la gente, decidida y radicalmente, no solo te cuidan, se " "vuelven tus aliados, tu familia,» ella escribió. Existe un sentimiento de " @@ -14471,15 +16368,24 @@ msgstr "" "a su «pequeña familia rara.»" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7371 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7393 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "This sort of intimacy with fans is not possible or even desirable for " +#| "every creator. “I don’t take for granted that I happen to be the type of " +#| "person who loves cavorting with strangers,” Amanda said. “I recognize " +#| "that it’s not necessarily everyone’s idea of a good time. Everyone does " +#| "it differently. Replicating what I have done won’t work for others if it " +#| "isn’t joyful to them. It’s about finding a way to channel energy in a way " +#| "that is joyful to you.”" msgid "" "This sort of intimacy with fans is not possible or even desirable for every " -"creator. “I don’t take for granted that I happen to be the type of person " -"who loves cavorting with strangers,” Amanda said. “I recognize that it’s not " -"necessarily everyone’s idea of a good time. Everyone does it differently. " -"Replicating what I have done won’t work for others if it isn’t joyful to " -"them. It’s about finding a way to channel energy in a way that is joyful to " -"you.”" +"creator. <quote>I don’t take for granted that I happen to be the type of " +"person who loves cavorting with strangers,</quote> Amanda said. <quote>I " +"recognize that it’s not necessarily everyone’s idea of a good time. Everyone " +"does it differently. Replicating what I have done won’t work for others if " +"it isn’t joyful to them. It’s about finding a way to channel energy in a way " +"that is joyful to you.</quote>" msgstr "" "Este tipo de intimidad con los fans no es posible o incluso deseable para " "cualquier creador. «No doy por hecho que yo sea el tipo de persona que guste " @@ -14490,7 +16396,7 @@ msgstr "" "en una forma que sea placentera para tí.»" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7380 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7403 msgid "" "Yet while Amanda joyfully interacts with her fans and involves them in her " "work as much as possible, she does keep one job primarily to herself—writing " @@ -14515,14 +16421,24 @@ msgstr "" "Comineza con el arte y entonces el nexo se fortalece con la conexión humana." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7393 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7416 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "For Amanda, the entire point of being an artist is to establish and " +#| "maintain this connection. “It sounds so corny,” she said, “but my " +#| "experience in forty years on this planet has pointed me to an obvious " +#| "truth—that connection with human beings feels so much better and more " +#| "fulfilling than approaching art through a capitalist lens. There is no " +#| "more satisfying end goal than having someone tell you that what you do is " +#| "genuinely of value to them.”" msgid "" "For Amanda, the entire point of being an artist is to establish and maintain " -"this connection. “It sounds so corny,” she said, “but my experience in forty " -"years on this planet has pointed me to an obvious truth—that connection with " -"human beings feels so much better and more fulfilling than approaching art " -"through a capitalist lens. There is no more satisfying end goal than having " -"someone tell you that what you do is genuinely of value to them.”" +"this connection. <quote>It sounds so corny,</quote> she said, <quote>but my " +"experience in forty years on this planet has pointed me to an obvious truth—" +"that connection with human beings feels so much better and more fulfilling " +"than approaching art through a capitalist lens. There is no more satisfying " +"end goal than having someone tell you that what you do is genuinely of value " +"to them.</quote>" msgstr "" "Para Amanda, el punto de ser una artista es establecer y mantener esta " "conexión. «Suena muy cursi,» dice ella,«pero mi experiencia en cuarenta años " @@ -14533,7 +16449,7 @@ msgstr "" "ellos.»" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7402 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7426 msgid "" "As she explains it, when a fan gives her a ten-dollar bill, usually what " "they are saying is that the money symbolizes some deeper value the music " @@ -14552,12 +16468,12 @@ msgstr "" "a la gente a ayudarla, los deja hacer." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7413 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7437 msgid "PLOS (Public Library of Science)" msgstr "PLOS (Biblioteca pública de ciencia)" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7416 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7440 msgid "" "PLOS (Public Library of Science) is a nonprofit that publishes a library of " "academic journals and other scientific literature. Founded in 2000 in the U." @@ -14568,37 +16484,34 @@ msgstr "" "y otra literatura científica. Fundada en el 2000 en los E.U.A." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7421 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7445 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://plos.org\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://plos.org\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7423 -#| msgid "" -#| "Revenue model: charging content creators an author processing charge to " -#| "be featured in the journal" +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7447 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging content " "creators an author processing charge to be featured in the journal" msgstr "" -"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Modelo de ingresos</emphasis>: cobrar a los creadores de contenido un cargo por " -"procesamiento de autor para ser incluido en la revista" +"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Modelo de ingresos</emphasis>: cobrar a los " +"creadores de contenido un cargo por procesamiento de autor para ser incluido " +"en la revista" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7427 -#| msgid "Interview date: March 7, 2016" +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7451 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: March 7, 2016" -msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Fecha de la entrevista</emphasis>: 7 de marzo, 2016" +msgstr "" +"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Fecha de la entrevista</emphasis>: 7 de marzo, 2016" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7429 -#| msgid "Interviewee: Louise Page, publisher" +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7453 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Louise Page, publisher" msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Entrevistado</emphasis>: Louise Page, Editor" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7437 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7461 msgid "" "The Public Library of Science (PLOS) began in 2000 when three leading " "scientists—Harold E. Varmus, Patrick O. Brown, and Michael Eisen—started an " @@ -14627,7 +16540,7 @@ msgstr "" "Attribution (CC BY)." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7451 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7475 msgid "" "Traditionally, academic publishing begins with an author submitting a " "manuscript to a publisher. After in-house technical and ethical " @@ -14650,7 +16563,7 @@ msgstr "" "quieran leer la revista especializada o un artículo." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7462 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7486 msgid "" "For Louise Page, the current publisher of PLOS, this traditional model " "results in inequity. Access is restricted to those who can pay. Most " @@ -14674,7 +16587,7 @@ msgstr "" "la investigación y avance del campo. Era tiempo para un nuevo modelo." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7474 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7498 msgid "" "That new model became known as open access. That is, free and open " "availability on the Internet. Open-access research articles are not behind a " @@ -14699,7 +16612,7 @@ msgstr "" "publicación." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7486 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7510 msgid "" "However, open access requires rethinking the business model of research " "publication. Rather than charge a subscription fee to access the journal, " @@ -14724,7 +16637,7 @@ msgstr "" "logitud de palabras, figuras, u otros elementos." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7498 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7522 msgid "" "Calculating the article-processing charge involves taking all the costs " "associated with publishing the journal and determining a cost per article " @@ -14739,12 +16652,12 @@ msgstr "" "determinar un costo por artículo que colectivamente recupere los costos. " "Para las revistas especializadas de PLOS en biología, medicina, genética, " "biología computacional, enfermedades tropicales descuidadas, y patógenos, el " -"cobro pro procesamiento por artículo va de $2,250 a $2,900. Los cobros " -"de publicación por artículo para PLOS ONE, una revista especializada que " +"cobro pro procesamiento por artículo va de $2,250 a $2,900. Los cobros de " +"publicación por artículo para PLOS ONE, una revista especializada que " "comenzó en 2006, son debajo de los $1,500." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7507 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7531 msgid "" "PLOS believes that lack of funds should not be a barrier to publication. " "Since its inception, PLOS has provided fee support for individuals and " @@ -14756,7 +16669,7 @@ msgstr "" "procesamiento por artículo." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7513 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7537 msgid "" "Louise identifies marketing as one area of big difference between PLOS and " "traditional journal publishers. Traditional journals have to invest heavily " @@ -14790,7 +16703,7 @@ msgstr "" "su trabajo para publicación." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7530 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7554 msgid "" "For Louise, PLOS would not exist without the Attribution license (CC BY). " "This makes it very clear what rights are associated with the content and " @@ -14807,7 +16720,7 @@ msgstr "" "cómo debería ser publicado y difundido el contenido de investigación." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7538 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7562 msgid "" "PLOS also has a broad open-data policy. To get their research paper " "published, PLOS authors must also make their data available in a public " @@ -14819,7 +16732,7 @@ msgstr "" "disponibilidad de datos." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7543 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7567 msgid "" "Business-operation costs associated with the open-access model still largely " "follow the existing publishing model. PLOS journals are online only, but the " @@ -14838,7 +16751,7 @@ msgstr "" "opciones en donde publicar." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7552 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7576 msgid "" "Researchers are influenced by journal rankings, which reflect the place of a " "journal within its field, the relative difficulty of being published in that " @@ -14852,7 +16765,7 @@ msgstr "" "incluso cuando ellas son relativamente nuevas." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7558 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7582 msgid "" "The promotion and tenure of researchers are partially based how many times " "other researchers cite their articles. Louise says when researchers want to " @@ -14870,7 +16783,7 @@ msgstr "" "generan más descubrimientos y citas a los autores." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7567 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7591 msgid "" "Louise believes that open access has been a huge success, progressing from a " "movement led by a small cadre of researchers to something that is now " @@ -14886,7 +16799,7 @@ msgstr "" "de acceso abierto inicial, o que cualquiera." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7575 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7599 msgid "" "PLOS further disrupted the traditional journal-publishing model by " "pioneering the concept of a megajournal. The PLOS ONE megajournal, launched " @@ -14933,7 +16846,7 @@ msgstr "" "lo referente a la ciencia." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7599 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7623 msgid "" "Louise outlined some other aspects of the research-journal business model " "PLOS is experimenting with, describing each as a kind of slider that could " @@ -14945,7 +16858,7 @@ msgstr "" "cambiar la práctica actual." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7604 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7628 msgid "" "One slider is time to publication. Time to publication may shorten as " "journals get better at providing quicker decisions to authors. However, " @@ -14959,7 +16872,7 @@ msgstr "" "más tiempo requerirá inevitablemente el tiempo de aprobación." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7611 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7635 msgid "" "Peer review is another part of the process that could change. It’s possible " "to redefine what peer review actually is, when to review, and what " @@ -14983,7 +16896,7 @@ msgstr "" "limitados al autor y la editorial." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7623 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7647 msgid "" "Louise says research with negative outcomes is almost as important as " "positive results. If journals published more research with negative " @@ -14997,7 +16910,7 @@ msgstr "" "de la investigación se reinventa alrededor del mundo." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7630 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7654 msgid "" "Another adjustable practice is the sharing of articles at early preprint " "stages. Publication of research in a peer-reviewed journal can take a long " @@ -15032,7 +16945,7 @@ msgstr "" "los investigadores no tienen mucho tiempo para comentar los preprints." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7648 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7672 msgid "" "What constitutes a journal article could also change. The idea of a research " "article as printed, bound, and in a library stack is outdated. Digital and " @@ -15052,17 +16965,17 @@ msgstr "" "transformaciones." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7662 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7686 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://collections.plos.org\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://collections.plos.org\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7666 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7690 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://plos.org/article-level-metrics\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://plos.org/article-level-metrics\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7658 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7682 msgid "" "As journals scale up, and new journals are introduced, more and more " "information is being pushed out to readers, making the experience feel like " @@ -15080,17 +16993,18 @@ msgstr "" "especializadas son introducidas, más y más información es empujada a los " "lectores; haciendo a la experiencia como beber de una manguera contra " "incendios. Para ayudar a mitigar esto, PLOS agrega y cura el contenido de " -"las revistas especializadas PLOS y de su red de blogs.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> También ofrece algo " -"llamado métricas artículo-nivel, las que ayudan al usuario a evaluar las " -"investigaciones más relevantes para el campo mísmo, basadas en indicadores " -"como uso, citas, marcadores sociales y diseminación de la actividad, medios " -"y cubrimiento por blogs, discusiones, e índices de audiencias.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> Louise cree " -"que el modelo de revista especializada puede evolucionar para proveer una " -"experiencia de uso más amigable e interactiva, incluyendo una via para los " -"lectores para comunicarse con los autores." +"las revistas especializadas PLOS y de su red de blogs.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> También ofrece algo llamado métricas artículo-nivel, " +"las que ayudan al usuario a evaluar las investigaciones más relevantes para " +"el campo mísmo, basadas en indicadores como uso, citas, marcadores sociales " +"y diseminación de la actividad, medios y cubrimiento por blogs, discusiones, " +"e índices de audiencias.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> Louise " +"cree que el modelo de revista especializada puede evolucionar para proveer " +"una experiencia de uso más amigable e interactiva, incluyendo una via para " +"los lectores para comunicarse con los autores." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7671 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7695 msgid "" "The big picture for PLOS going forward is to combine and adjust these " "experimental practices in ways that continue to improve accessibility and " @@ -15110,7 +17024,7 @@ msgstr "" "experimentación." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7681 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7705 msgid "" "For PLOS, success is not about revenue. Success is about proving that " "scientific research can be communicated rapidly and economically at scale, " @@ -15130,7 +17044,7 @@ msgstr "" "135,000 articulos de calidad para su lectura sin costo." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7691 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7715 msgid "" "Ultimately, for PLOS, its authors, and its readers, success is about making " "research discoverable, available, and reproducible for the advancement of " @@ -15141,12 +17055,12 @@ msgstr "" "reproducible para el avance de la ciencia." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7697 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7721 msgid "Rijksmuseum" msgstr "Rijksmuseum" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7700 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7724 msgid "" "The Rijksmuseum is a Dutch national museum dedicated to art and history. " "Founded in 1800 in the Netherlands" @@ -15155,40 +17069,39 @@ msgstr "" "historia. Fundado en 1800 en Holanda (Países Bajos)" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7704 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7728 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7706 -#| msgid "" -#| "Revenue model: grants and government funding, charging for in-person " -#| "version (museum admission), selling merchandise" +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7730 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: grants and government " "funding, charging for in-person version (museum admission), selling " "merchandise" msgstr "" -"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Modelo de ingresos</emphasis>: subvenciones y financiamiento gubernamental, cobro de " -"entrada por persona (entrada al museo), venta de mercancía" +"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Modelo de ingresos</emphasis>: subvenciones y " +"financiamiento gubernamental, cobro de entrada por persona (entrada al " +"museo), venta de mercancía" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7710 -#| msgid "Interview date: December 11, 2015" +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7734 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: December 11, 2015" -msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Fecha de la entrevista</emphasis>: 11 de diciembre, 2015" +msgstr "" +"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Fecha de la entrevista</emphasis>: 11 de " +"diciembre, 2015" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7713 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7737 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Lizzy Jongma, the data " "manager of the collections information department" msgstr "" -"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Entrevistada</emphasis>: Lizzy Jongma, Gerente de Datos del Departamento de Información " -"sobre Colecciones" +"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Entrevistada</emphasis>: Lizzy Jongma, Gerente de " +"Datos del Departamento de Información sobre Colecciones" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7721 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7745 msgid "" "The Rijksmuseum, a national museum in the Netherlands dedicated to art and " "history, has been housed in its current building since 1885. The monumental " @@ -15218,7 +17131,7 @@ msgstr "" "modelo para el museo, más abierto." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7737 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7761 msgid "" "By the time Lizzy Jongma joined the Rijksmuseum in 2011 as a data manager, " "staff were fed up with the situation the museum was in. They also realized " @@ -15246,7 +17159,7 @@ msgstr "" "un catálogo de fichas de toda la colección en línea." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7751 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7775 msgid "" "It was effective but a bit boring. It was just data. A hackathon they were " "invited to got them to start talking about events like that as having " @@ -15264,12 +17177,12 @@ msgstr "" "toda la colección en línea?" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7762 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7786 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.europeana.eu/portal/en\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://www.europeana.eu/portal/en\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7760 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7784 msgid "" "Then, Lizzy says, Europeana came along. Europeana is Europe’s digital " "library, museum, and archive for cultural heritage.<placeholder type=" @@ -15284,20 +17197,32 @@ msgid "" "discussion on whether the Rijksmuseum should follow suit." msgstr "" "Luego, dice Lizzy, llegó Europeana. Europeana es la biblioteca, museo y " -"archivo digital del patrimonio cultural de Europa.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Como portal en línea de " -"las colecciones de los museos alrededor de Europa, Europeana se había vuelto " -"una plataforma en línea importante. En 2010, Creative Commons lanzó la " -"licencia CC0 y su marca del dominio público como herramientas que la gente " -"podía utilizar para identificar obras de las que se conociera que estaban " -"libres de derecho de autor. Lizzy dice que inicialmente el Rijksmuseum " -"sintió un poco de miedo de este cambio en la forma de gestionar el museo, " -"pero al mismo tiempo estimuló aún más discusiones sobre si el Rijksmuseum " -"debería seguir el ejemplo." - -#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7774 -msgid "" -"They realized that they don’t “own” the collection and couldn’t " +"archivo digital del patrimonio cultural de Europa.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Como portal en línea de las colecciones de los " +"museos alrededor de Europa, Europeana se había vuelto una plataforma en " +"línea importante. En 2010, Creative Commons lanzó la licencia CC0 y su marca " +"del dominio público como herramientas que la gente podía utilizar para " +"identificar obras de las que se conociera que estaban libres de derecho de " +"autor. Lizzy dice que inicialmente el Rijksmuseum sintió un poco de miedo de " +"este cambio en la forma de gestionar el museo, pero al mismo tiempo estimuló " +"aún más discusiones sobre si el Rijksmuseum debería seguir el ejemplo." + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7798 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "They realized that they don’t “own” the collection and couldn’t " +#| "realistically monitor and enforce compliance with the restrictive " +#| "licensing terms they currently had in place. For example, many copies and " +#| "versions of Vermeer’s Milkmaid (part of their collection) were already " +#| "online, many of them of very poor quality. They could spend time and " +#| "money policing its use, but it would probably be futile and wouldn’t make " +#| "people stop using their images online. They ended up thinking it’s an " +#| "utter waste of time to hunt down people who use the Rijksmuseum " +#| "collection. And anyway, restricting access meant the people they were " +#| "frustrating the most were schoolkids." +msgid "" +"They realized that they don’t <quote>own</quote> the collection and couldn’t " "realistically monitor and enforce compliance with the restrictive licensing " "terms they currently had in place. For example, many copies and versions of " "Vermeer’s Milkmaid (part of their collection) were already online, many of " @@ -15320,7 +17245,7 @@ msgstr "" "escolar." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7787 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7811 msgid "" "In 2011 the Rijksmuseum began making their digital photos of works known to " "be free of copyright available online, using Creative Commons CC0 to place " @@ -15348,7 +17273,7 @@ msgstr "" "hacer." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7801 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7825 msgid "" "In 2013 the Rijksmuseum changed its business model. They Creative Commons " "licensed their highest-quality images and released them online for free. " @@ -15370,7 +17295,20 @@ msgstr "" "objetivo de eventualmente tener toda la colección en Internet." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7812 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7836 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Releasing these high-quality images for free reduced the number of poor-" +#| "quality images that were proliferating. The high-quality image of " +#| "Vermeer’s Milkmaid, for example, is downloaded two to three thousand " +#| "times a month. On the Internet, images from a source like the Rijksmuseum " +#| "are more trusted, and releasing them with a Creative Commons CC0 means " +#| "they can easily be found in other platforms. For example, Rijksmuseum " +#| "images are now used in thousands of Wikipedia articles, receiving ten to " +#| "eleven million views per month. This extends Rijksmuseum’s reach far " +#| "beyond the scope of its website. Sharing these images online creates what " +#| "Lizzy calls the “Mona Lisa effect,” where a work of art becomes so famous " +#| "that people want to see it in real life by visiting the actual museum." msgid "" "Releasing these high-quality images for free reduced the number of poor-" "quality images that were proliferating. The high-quality image of Vermeer’s " @@ -15380,9 +17318,9 @@ msgid "" "found in other platforms. For example, Rijksmuseum images are now used in " "thousands of Wikipedia articles, receiving ten to eleven million views per " "month. This extends Rijksmuseum’s reach far beyond the scope of its website. " -"Sharing these images online creates what Lizzy calls the “Mona Lisa effect,” " -"where a work of art becomes so famous that people want to see it in real " -"life by visiting the actual museum." +"Sharing these images online creates what Lizzy calls the <quote>Mona Lisa " +"effect,</quote> where a work of art becomes so famous that people want to " +"see it in real life by visiting the actual museum." msgstr "" "Liberar estas imágenes de alta calidad de manera gratuita redujo el número " "de imágenes de baja calidad que proliferaban por Internet. La imagen de alta " @@ -15398,7 +17336,7 @@ msgstr "" "que la gente quiere verla en la vida real visitando de hecho el museo real." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7827 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7851 msgid "" "Every museum tends to be driven by the number of physical visitors. The " "Rijksmuseum is primarily publicly funded, receiving roughly 70 percent of " @@ -15415,7 +17353,7 @@ msgstr "" "una forma de generar ingresos, incluso para el Rijksmuseum." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7835 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7859 msgid "" "As museums create a digital presence for themselves and put up digital " "representations of their collection online, there’s frequently a worry that " @@ -15441,12 +17379,12 @@ msgstr "" "proviene la imagen y esto incrementa la visibilidad del Museo." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7855 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7879 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7849 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7873 msgid "" "In 2011 the Rijksmuseum received €1 million from the Dutch lottery to create " "a new web presence that would be different from any other museum’s. In " @@ -15464,15 +17402,25 @@ msgstr "" "<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7858 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7882 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "The Rijksstudio gives users access to over two hundred thousand high-" +#| "quality digital representations of masterworks from the collection. Users " +#| "can zoom in to any work and even clip small parts of images they like. " +#| "Rijksstudio is a bit like Pinterest. You can “like” works and compile " +#| "your personal favorites, and you can share them with friends or download " +#| "them free of charge. All the images in the Rijksstudio are copyright and " +#| "royalty free, and users are encouraged to use them as they like, for " +#| "private or even commercial purposes." msgid "" "The Rijksstudio gives users access to over two hundred thousand high-quality " "digital representations of masterworks from the collection. Users can zoom " "in to any work and even clip small parts of images they like. Rijksstudio is " -"a bit like Pinterest. You can “like” works and compile your personal " -"favorites, and you can share them with friends or download them free of " -"charge. All the images in the Rijksstudio are copyright and royalty free, " -"and users are encouraged to use them as they like, for private or even " +"a bit like Pinterest. You can <quote>like</quote> works and compile your " +"personal favorites, and you can share them with friends or download them " +"free of charge. All the images in the Rijksstudio are copyright and royalty " +"free, and users are encouraged to use them as they like, for private or even " "commercial purposes." msgstr "" "El Rijksstudio da acceso a alrededor de doscientas mil representaciones " @@ -15486,7 +17434,7 @@ msgstr "" "quieran, para fines privados o incluso comerciales." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7869 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7893 msgid "" "Users have created over 276,000 Rijksstudios, generating their own themed " "virtual exhibitions on a wide variety of topics ranging from tapestries to " @@ -15500,7 +17448,7 @@ msgstr "" "escolares." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7876 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7900 msgid "" "Some contemporary artists who have works in the Rijksmuseum collection " "contacted them to ask why their works were not included in the Rijksstudio. " @@ -15522,7 +17470,7 @@ msgstr "" "público, pero dentro de los límites establecidos por los artistas." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7896 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7920 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.etsy.com/ca/listing/175696771/fringe-kimono-silk-" "kimono-kimono-robe\"/>" @@ -15531,7 +17479,7 @@ msgstr "" "kimono-kimono-robe\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7887 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7911 msgid "" "The Rijksmuseum believes that art stimulates entrepreneurial activity. The " "line between creative and commercial can be blurry. As Lizzy says, even " @@ -15554,7 +17502,7 @@ msgstr "" "\"El cisne amenazado\".<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7900 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7924 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-award\"/>; the 2014 " "award: <ulink url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-award-2014\"/>; " @@ -15567,7 +17515,7 @@ msgstr "" "award-2015\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7912 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7936 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/rijksstudio/142328--nominees-" "rijksstudio-award/creaties/ba595afe-452d-46bd-9c8c-48dcbdd7f0a4\"/>" @@ -15576,7 +17524,7 @@ msgstr "" "rijksstudio-award/creaties/ba595afe-452d-46bd-9c8c-48dcbdd7f0a4\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7899 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7923 msgid "" "In 2013 the Rijksmuseum organized their first high-profile design " "competition, known as the Rijksstudio Award.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " @@ -15593,21 +17541,22 @@ msgid "" "Rijksstudio Award started in September 2016." msgstr "" "En 2013, el Rijksmuseum organizó su primera competencia de diseño de alto " -"perfil, conocida como el Premio Rijksstudio.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Con el llamado a la acción de " -"\"Haz tu propia obra maestra\", la competencia invita al público a utilizar " -"las imágenes del Rijksstudio para hacer nuevos diseños creativos. Un jurado " -"de reconocidos diseñadores y curadores selecciona diez finalistas y tres " -"ganadores. El premio final es de 10,000 euros. La segunda edición en 2015 " -"atrajo un impactante número de 892 entradas de primer nivel. Algunos de los " -"ganadores del premio terminaron con su obra siendo vendida a través de la " -"tienda del Rijksmuseum, tal como la entrada de 2014 protagonizando un " -"maquillaje basado en el esquema de colores específico de una obra de arte.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> " -"El Rijksmuseum está emocionado con los resultados. Los candidatos van desde " -"lo divertido a lo extraño a lo inspiracional. La tercera edición " -"internacional del Premio Rijksstudio comenzó en septiembre de 2016." - -#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7918 +"perfil, conocida como el Premio Rijksstudio.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " +"id=\"0\"/> Con el llamado a la acción de \"Haz tu propia obra maestra\", la " +"competencia invita al público a utilizar las imágenes del Rijksstudio para " +"hacer nuevos diseños creativos. Un jurado de reconocidos diseñadores y " +"curadores selecciona diez finalistas y tres ganadores. El premio final es de " +"10,000 euros. La segunda edición en 2015 atrajo un impactante número de 892 " +"entradas de primer nivel. Algunos de los ganadores del premio terminaron con " +"su obra siendo vendida a través de la tienda del Rijksmuseum, tal como la " +"entrada de 2014 protagonizando un maquillaje basado en el esquema de colores " +"específico de una obra de arte.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> El " +"Rijksmuseum está emocionado con los resultados. Los candidatos van desde lo " +"divertido a lo extraño a lo inspiracional. La tercera edición internacional " +"del Premio Rijksstudio comenzó en septiembre de 2016." + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7942 msgid "" "For the next iteration of the Rijksstudio, the Rijksmuseum is considering an " "upload tool, for people to upload their own works of art, and enhanced " @@ -15619,7 +17568,7 @@ msgstr "" "usuarios puedan interactuar más entre sí." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7924 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7948 msgid "" "Going with a more open business model generated lots of publicity for the " "Rijksmuseum. They were one of the first museums to open up their collection " @@ -15636,7 +17585,7 @@ msgstr "" "mil visitas." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7933 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7957 msgid "" "The Rijksmuseum has been experimenting with other ways to invite the public " "to look at and interact with their collection. On an international day " @@ -15662,23 +17611,41 @@ msgstr "" "pintura." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7946 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7970 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "For the Rijksmuseum, adopting an open business model was scary. They " +#| "came up with many worst-case scenarios, imagining all kinds of awful " +#| "things people might do with the museum’s works. But Lizzy says those " +#| "fears did not come true because “ninety-nine percent of people have " +#| "respect for great art.” Many museums think they can make a lot of money " +#| "by selling things related to their collection. But in Lizzy’s " +#| "experience, museums are usually bad at selling things, and sometimes " +#| "efforts to generate a small amount of money block something much bigger—" +#| "the real value that the collection has. For Lizzy, clinging to small " +#| "amounts of revenue is being penny-wise but pound-foolish. For the " +#| "Rijksmuseum, a key lesson has been to never lose sight of its vision for " +#| "the collection. Allowing access to and use of their collection has " +#| "generated great promotional value—far more than the previous practice of " +#| "charging fees for access and use. Lizzy sums up their experience: “Give " +#| "away; get something in return. Generosity makes people happy to join you " +#| "and help out.”" msgid "" "For the Rijksmuseum, adopting an open business model was scary. They came " "up with many worst-case scenarios, imagining all kinds of awful things " "people might do with the museum’s works. But Lizzy says those fears did not " -"come true because “ninety-nine percent of people have respect for great " -"art.” Many museums think they can make a lot of money by selling things " -"related to their collection. But in Lizzy’s experience, museums are usually " -"bad at selling things, and sometimes efforts to generate a small amount of " -"money block something much bigger—the real value that the collection has. " -"For Lizzy, clinging to small amounts of revenue is being penny-wise but " -"pound-foolish. For the Rijksmuseum, a key lesson has been to never lose " -"sight of its vision for the collection. Allowing access to and use of their " -"collection has generated great promotional value—far more than the previous " -"practice of charging fees for access and use. Lizzy sums up their " -"experience: “Give away; get something in return. Generosity makes people " -"happy to join you and help out.”" +"come true because <quote>ninety-nine percent of people have respect for " +"great art.</quote> Many museums think they can make a lot of money by " +"selling things related to their collection. But in Lizzy’s experience, " +"museums are usually bad at selling things, and sometimes efforts to generate " +"a small amount of money block something much bigger—the real value that the " +"collection has. For Lizzy, clinging to small amounts of revenue is being " +"penny-wise but pound-foolish. For the Rijksmuseum, a key lesson has been to " +"never lose sight of its vision for the collection. Allowing access to and " +"use of their collection has generated great promotional value—far more than " +"the previous practice of charging fees for access and use. Lizzy sums up " +"their experience: <quote>Give away; get something in return. Generosity " +"makes people happy to join you and help out.</quote>" msgstr "" "Para el Rijksmuseum, adoptar un modelo de negocios abierto les daba miedo. " "Elaboraron varios escenarios del \"peor caso\", imaginando todo tipo de " @@ -15698,12 +17665,12 @@ msgstr "" "generosidad hace que la gente esté feliz de acompañarte y ayudarte.\"" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7966 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7990 msgid "Shareable" msgstr "Shareable" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7969 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7993 msgid "" "Shareable is an online magazine about sharing. Founded in 2009 in the U.S." msgstr "" @@ -15711,47 +17678,56 @@ msgstr "" "E.U.A." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7973 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7997 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.shareable.net\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://www.shareable.net\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7975 -#| msgid "" -#| "Revenue model: grant funding, crowdfunding (project-based), donations, " -#| "sponsorships" +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7999 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: grant funding, " "crowdfunding (project-based), donations, sponsorships" msgstr "" -"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Modelo de ingresos</emphasis>: subsidios, financiamiento comunitario ( basado en " -"proyectos), donaciones, patrocinios" +"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Modelo de ingresos</emphasis>: subsidios, " +"financiamiento comunitario ( basado en proyectos), donaciones, patrocinios" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7978 -#| msgid "Interview date: February 24, 2016" +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8002 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 24, 2016" -msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Fecha de la entrevista</emphasis>: 24 de febrero, 2016" +msgstr "" +"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Fecha de la entrevista</emphasis>: 24 de febrero, " +"2016" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7981 -#| msgid "Interviewee: Neal Gorenflo, cofounder and executive editor" +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8005 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Neal Gorenflo, cofounder " "and executive editor" -msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Entrevistado</emphasis>: Neal Gorenflo, cofundador y editor ejecutivo" +msgstr "" +"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Entrevistado</emphasis>: Neal Gorenflo, cofundador " +"y editor ejecutivo" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7989 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8013 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "In 2013, Shareable faced an impasse. The nonprofit online publication had " +#| "helped start a sharing movement four years prior, but over time, they " +#| "watched one part of the movement stray from its ideals. As giants like " +#| "Uber and Airbnb gained ground, attention began to center on the “sharing " +#| "economy” we know now—profit-driven, transactional, and loaded with " +#| "venture-capital money. Leaders of corporate start-ups in this domain " +#| "invited Shareable to advocate for them. The magazine faced a choice: ride " +#| "the wave or stand on principle." msgid "" "In 2013, Shareable faced an impasse. The nonprofit online publication had " "helped start a sharing movement four years prior, but over time, they " "watched one part of the movement stray from its ideals. As giants like Uber " -"and Airbnb gained ground, attention began to center on the “sharing economy” " -"we know now—profit-driven, transactional, and loaded with venture-capital " -"money. Leaders of corporate start-ups in this domain invited Shareable to " -"advocate for them. The magazine faced a choice: ride the wave or stand on " -"principle." +"and Airbnb gained ground, attention began to center on the <quote>sharing " +"economy</quote> we know now—profit-driven, transactional, and loaded with " +"venture-capital money. Leaders of corporate start-ups in this domain invited " +"Shareable to advocate for them. The magazine faced a choice: ride the wave " +"or stand on principle." msgstr "" "En el 2013, Shareable enfrentó a un impasse. La publicación enlinea sin " "ánimo de lucro había ayudado a comenzar un movimiento colaborativo en los " @@ -15765,7 +17741,18 @@ msgstr "" "principios." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8000 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8024 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "As an organization, Shareable decided to draw a line in the sand. In " +#| "2013, the cofounder and executive editor Neal Gorenflo wrote an opinion " +#| "piece in the PandoDaily that charted Shareable’s new critical stance on " +#| "the Silicon Valley version of the sharing economy, while contrasting it " +#| "with aspects of the real sharing economy like open-source software, " +#| "participatory budgeting (where citizens decide how a public budget is " +#| "spent), cooperatives, and more. He wrote, “It’s not so much that " +#| "collaborative consumption is dead, it’s more that it risks dying as it " +#| "gets absorbed by the ‘Borg.’”" msgid "" "As an organization, Shareable decided to draw a line in the sand. In 2013, " "the cofounder and executive editor Neal Gorenflo wrote an opinion piece in " @@ -15773,8 +17760,9 @@ msgid "" "Valley version of the sharing economy, while contrasting it with aspects of " "the real sharing economy like open-source software, participatory budgeting " "(where citizens decide how a public budget is spent), cooperatives, and " -"more. He wrote, “It’s not so much that collaborative consumption is dead, " -"it’s more that it risks dying as it gets absorbed by the ‘Borg.’”" +"more. He wrote, <quote>It’s not so much that collaborative consumption is " +"dead, it’s more that it risks dying as it gets absorbed by the <quote>Borg.</" +"quote></quote>" msgstr "" "Como organización, Shareable decidió establecer su posición. En 2013, el " "cofundador y editor ejecutivo Neal Gorenflo escribió una opinión en el " @@ -15787,14 +17775,22 @@ msgstr "" "acerca del riesgo de morir mientras es absorbido por los «Borg».»" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8012 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8036 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Neal said their public critique of the corporate sharing economy defined " +#| "what Shareable was and is. He does not think the magazine would still be " +#| "around had they chosen differently. “We would have gotten another type of " +#| "audience, but it would have spelled the end of us,” he said. “We are a " +#| "small, mission-driven organization. We would never have been able to " +#| "weather the criticism that Airbnb and Uber are getting now.”" msgid "" "Neal said their public critique of the corporate sharing economy defined " "what Shareable was and is. He does not think the magazine would still be " -"around had they chosen differently. “We would have gotten another type of " -"audience, but it would have spelled the end of us,” he said. “We are a " -"small, mission-driven organization. We would never have been able to weather " -"the criticism that Airbnb and Uber are getting now.”" +"around had they chosen differently. <quote>We would have gotten another type " +"of audience, but it would have spelled the end of us,</quote> he said. " +"<quote>We are a small, mission-driven organization. We would never have been " +"able to weather the criticism that Airbnb and Uber are getting now.</quote>" msgstr "" "Neal dice que su crítica pública de la economía colaborativa corporativa " "definió lo que Shareable era y es. El piensa que la revista no estaría en el " @@ -15804,7 +17800,17 @@ msgstr "" "capaces de soportar las críticas que Airbnb y Uber estan teniendo ahora.»" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8021 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8046 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Interestingly, impassioned supporters are only a small sliver of " +#| "Shareable’s total audience. Most are casual readers who come across a " +#| "Shareable story because it happens to align with a project or interest " +#| "they have. But choosing principles over the possibility of riding the " +#| "coattails of the major corporate players in the sharing space saved " +#| "Shareable’s credibility. Although they became detached from the corporate " +#| "sharing economy, the online magazine became the voice of the “real " +#| "sharing economy” and continued to grow their audience." msgid "" "Interestingly, impassioned supporters are only a small sliver of Shareable’s " "total audience. Most are casual readers who come across a Shareable story " @@ -15812,8 +17818,8 @@ msgid "" "choosing principles over the possibility of riding the coattails of the " "major corporate players in the sharing space saved Shareable’s credibility. " "Although they became detached from the corporate sharing economy, the online " -"magazine became the voice of the “real sharing economy” and continued to " -"grow their audience." +"magazine became the voice of the <quote>real sharing economy</quote> and " +"continued to grow their audience." msgstr "" "Interesantemente, los seguidores desapasionados son sólo una pequeña " "porción de la audiencia total de Shareable. La mayoría son lectores " @@ -15826,16 +17832,27 @@ msgstr "" "creciendo su audiencia." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8032 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8057 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Shareable is a magazine, but the content they publish is a means to " +#| "furthering their role as a leader and catalyst of a movement. Shareable " +#| "became a leader in the movement in 2009. “At that time, there was a " +#| "sharing movement bubbling beneath the surface, but no one was connecting " +#| "the dots,” Neal said. “We decided to step into that space and take on " +#| "that role.” The small team behind the nonprofit publication truly " +#| "believed sharing could be central to solving some of the major problems " +#| "human beings face—resource inequality, social isolation, and global " +#| "warming." msgid "" "Shareable is a magazine, but the content they publish is a means to " "furthering their role as a leader and catalyst of a movement. Shareable " -"became a leader in the movement in 2009. “At that time, there was a sharing " -"movement bubbling beneath the surface, but no one was connecting the dots,” " -"Neal said. “We decided to step into that space and take on that role.” The " -"small team behind the nonprofit publication truly believed sharing could be " -"central to solving some of the major problems human beings face—resource " -"inequality, social isolation, and global warming." +"became a leader in the movement in 2009. <quote>At that time, there was a " +"sharing movement bubbling beneath the surface, but no one was connecting the " +"dots,</quote> Neal said. <quote>We decided to step into that space and take " +"on that role.</quote> The small team behind the nonprofit publication truly " +"believed sharing could be central to solving some of the major problems " +"human beings face—resource inequality, social isolation, and global warming." msgstr "" "Shareable es una revista, pero el contenido que publican es un medio para " "promover su rol como líder y catalizador del movimiento. Shareable se volvió " @@ -15848,16 +17865,26 @@ msgstr "" "de recursos, aislamientos sociales, y calentamiento global." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8043 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8069 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "They have worked hard to find ways to tell stories that show different " +#| "metrics for success. “We wanted to change the notion of what constitutes " +#| "the good life,” Neal said. While they started out with a very broad focus " +#| "on sharing generally, today they emphasize stories about the physical " +#| "commons like “sharing cities” (i.e., urban areas managed in a " +#| "sustainable, cooperative way), as well as digital platforms that are run " +#| "democratically. They particularly focus on how-to content that help their " +#| "readers make changes in their own lives and communities." msgid "" "They have worked hard to find ways to tell stories that show different " -"metrics for success. “We wanted to change the notion of what constitutes the " -"good life,” Neal said. While they started out with a very broad focus on " -"sharing generally, today they emphasize stories about the physical commons " -"like “sharing cities” (i.e., urban areas managed in a sustainable, " -"cooperative way), as well as digital platforms that are run democratically. " -"They particularly focus on how-to content that help their readers make " -"changes in their own lives and communities." +"metrics for success. <quote>We wanted to change the notion of what " +"constitutes the good life,</quote> Neal said. While they started out with a " +"very broad focus on sharing generally, today they emphasize stories about " +"the physical commons like <quote>sharing cities</quote> (i.e., urban areas " +"managed in a sustainable, cooperative way), as well as digital platforms " +"that are run democratically. They particularly focus on how-to content that " +"help their readers make changes in their own lives and communities." msgstr "" "Han trabajado duro para hallar vias para contar historias que exhiban " "diferentes medidas para triunfar. «Queríamos cambiar la noción de lo que " @@ -15870,19 +17897,32 @@ msgstr "" "lectores a realizar cambios en sus propias vidas y comunidades." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8054 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8081 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "More than half of Shareable’s stories are written by paid journalists " +#| "that are contracted by the magazine. “Particularly in content areas that " +#| "are a priority for us, we really want to go deep and control the " +#| "quality,” Neal said. The rest of the content is either contributed by " +#| "guest writers, often for free, or written by other publications from " +#| "their network of content publishers. Shareable is a member of the Post " +#| "Growth Alliance, which facilitates the sharing of content and audiences " +#| "among a large and growing group of mostly nonprofits. Each organization " +#| "gets a chance to present stories to the group, and the organizations can " +#| "use and promote each other’s stories. Much of the content created by the " +#| "network is licensed with Creative Commons." msgid "" "More than half of Shareable’s stories are written by paid journalists that " -"are contracted by the magazine. “Particularly in content areas that are a " -"priority for us, we really want to go deep and control the quality,” Neal " -"said. The rest of the content is either contributed by guest writers, often " -"for free, or written by other publications from their network of content " -"publishers. Shareable is a member of the Post Growth Alliance, which " -"facilitates the sharing of content and audiences among a large and growing " -"group of mostly nonprofits. Each organization gets a chance to present " -"stories to the group, and the organizations can use and promote each other’s " -"stories. Much of the content created by the network is licensed with " -"Creative Commons." +"are contracted by the magazine. <quote>Particularly in content areas that " +"are a priority for us, we really want to go deep and control the quality,</" +"quote> Neal said. The rest of the content is either contributed by guest " +"writers, often for free, or written by other publications from their network " +"of content publishers. Shareable is a member of the Post Growth Alliance, " +"which facilitates the sharing of content and audiences among a large and " +"growing group of mostly nonprofits. Each organization gets a chance to " +"present stories to the group, and the organizations can use and promote each " +"other’s stories. Much of the content created by the network is licensed " +"with Creative Commons." msgstr "" "Más de la mitad de las historias en Shareable son escritas por periodístas " "que son contratados por la revista.«Particularmente en áreas cuyo contenido " @@ -15898,18 +17938,32 @@ msgstr "" "Commons." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8068 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8096 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "All of Shareable’s original content is published under the Attribution " +#| "license (CC BY), meaning it can be used for any purpose as long as credit " +#| "is given to Shareable. Creative Commons licensing is aligned with " +#| "Shareable’s vision, mission, and identity. That alone explains the " +#| "organization’s embrace of the licenses for their content, but Neal also " +#| "believes CC licensing helps them increase their reach. “By using CC " +#| "licensing,” he said, “we realized we could reach far more people through " +#| "a formal and informal network of republishers or affiliates. That has " +#| "definitely been the case. It’s hard for us to measure the reach of other " +#| "media properties, but most of the outlets who republish our work have " +#| "much bigger audiences than we do.”" msgid "" "All of Shareable’s original content is published under the Attribution " "license (CC BY), meaning it can be used for any purpose as long as credit is " "given to Shareable. Creative Commons licensing is aligned with Shareable’s " "vision, mission, and identity. That alone explains the organization’s " "embrace of the licenses for their content, but Neal also believes CC " -"licensing helps them increase their reach. “By using CC licensing,” he said, " -"“we realized we could reach far more people through a formal and informal " -"network of republishers or affiliates. That has definitely been the case. " -"It’s hard for us to measure the reach of other media properties, but most of " -"the outlets who republish our work have much bigger audiences than we do.”" +"licensing helps them increase their reach. <quote>By using CC licensing,</" +"quote> he said, <quote>we realized we could reach far more people through a " +"formal and informal network of republishers or affiliates. That has " +"definitely been the case. It’s hard for us to measure the reach of other " +"media properties, but most of the outlets who republish our work have much " +"bigger audiences than we do.</quote>" msgstr "" "Todo el contenido original de Shareable es publicado bajo la licencia " "Attibution (CC BY), lo que significa que puede ser usado para cualquier " @@ -15925,7 +17979,7 @@ msgstr "" "tienen audiencias más grandes que las nuestras.»" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8082 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8111 msgid "" "In addition to their regular news and commentary online, Shareable has also " "experimented with book publishing. In 2012, they worked with a traditional " @@ -15945,7 +17999,7 @@ msgstr "" "web." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8092 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8121 msgid "" "In 2016, Shareable self-published a book of curated Shareable stories called " "How to: Share, Save Money and Have Fun. The book was available for sale, but " @@ -15959,7 +18013,7 @@ msgstr "" "siguientes campañas de recaudación de fondos." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8099 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8128 msgid "" "This recent book is one of many fund-raising experiments Shareable has " "conducted in recent years. Currently, Shareable is primarily funded by " @@ -15979,17 +18033,28 @@ msgstr "" "comunidad representará mejor su visión del mundo." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8109 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8138 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "For Shareable, success is very much about their impact on the world. This " +#| "is true for Neal, but also for everyone who works for Shareable. “We " +#| "attract passionate people,” Neal said. At times, that means employees " +#| "work so hard they burn out. Neal tries to stress to the Shareable team " +#| "that another part of success is having fun and taking care of yourself " +#| "while you do something you love. “A central part of human beings is that " +#| "we long to be on a great adventure with people we love,” he said. “We are " +#| "a species who look over the horizon and imagine and create new worlds, " +#| "but we also seek the comfort of hearth and home.”" msgid "" "For Shareable, success is very much about their impact on the world. This is " -"true for Neal, but also for everyone who works for Shareable. “We attract " -"passionate people,” Neal said. At times, that means employees work so hard " -"they burn out. Neal tries to stress to the Shareable team that another part " -"of success is having fun and taking care of yourself while you do something " -"you love. “A central part of human beings is that we long to be on a great " -"adventure with people we love,” he said. “We are a species who look over the " -"horizon and imagine and create new worlds, but we also seek the comfort of " -"hearth and home.”" +"true for Neal, but also for everyone who works for Shareable. <quote>We " +"attract passionate people,</quote> Neal said. At times, that means " +"employees work so hard they burn out. Neal tries to stress to the Shareable " +"team that another part of success is having fun and taking care of yourself " +"while you do something you love. <quote>A central part of human beings is " +"that we long to be on a great adventure with people we love,</quote> he " +"said. <quote>We are a species who look over the horizon and imagine and " +"create new worlds, but we also seek the comfort of hearth and home.</quote>" msgstr "" "Para Shareable, el éxito es mucho acerca de su impacto en el mundo. Esto es " "ciento para Neal, pero también para cualquiera que trabaje para Shareable. « " @@ -16002,15 +18067,25 @@ msgstr "" "también buscamos el bienestar del hogar y el corazón.»" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8121 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8151 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "In 2013, Shareable ran its first crowdfunding campaign to launch their " +#| "Sharing Cities Network. Neal said at first they were on pace to fail " +#| "spectacularly. They called in their advisers in a panic and asked for " +#| "help. The advice they received was simple—“Sit your ass in a chair and " +#| "start making calls.” That’s exactly what they did, and they ended up " +#| "reaching their $50,000 goal. Neal said the campaign helped them reach new " +#| "people, but the vast majority of backers were people in their existing " +#| "base." msgid "" "In 2013, Shareable ran its first crowdfunding campaign to launch their " "Sharing Cities Network. Neal said at first they were on pace to fail " "spectacularly. They called in their advisers in a panic and asked for help. " -"The advice they received was simple—“Sit your ass in a chair and start " -"making calls.” That’s exactly what they did, and they ended up reaching " -"their $50,000 goal. Neal said the campaign helped them reach new people, but " -"the vast majority of backers were people in their existing base." +"The advice they received was simple—<quote>Sit your ass in a chair and start " +"making calls.</quote> That’s exactly what they did, and they ended up " +"reaching their $50,000 goal. Neal said the campaign helped them reach new " +"people, but the vast majority of backers were people in their existing base." msgstr "" "En 2013, Shareable comenzó su primera campaña de financiamiento comunitario " "para lanzar su _Sharing Cities Network_ (Red de Ciudades Colaborativas). " @@ -16023,7 +18098,7 @@ msgstr "" "gente de su base existente." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8131 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8161 msgid "" "For Neal, this symbolized how so much of success comes down to " "relationships. Over time, Shareable has invested time and energy into the " @@ -16037,21 +18112,36 @@ msgstr "" "recursos en construir relaciones entre sus lectores y seguidores." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8138 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8168 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Shareable began hosting events in 2010. These events were designed to " +#| "bring the sharing community together. But over time they realized they " +#| "could reach far more people if they helped their readers to host their " +#| "own events. “If we wanted to go big on a conference, there was a huge " +#| "risk and huge staffing needs, plus only a fraction of our community could " +#| "travel to the event,” Neal said. Enabling others to create their own " +#| "events around the globe allowed them to scale up their work more " +#| "effectively and reach far more people. Shareable has catalyzed three " +#| "hundred different events reaching over twenty thousand people since " +#| "implementing this strategy three years ago. Going forward, Shareable is " +#| "focusing the network on creating and distributing content meant to spur " +#| "local action. For instance, Shareable will publish a new CC-licensed book " +#| "in 2017 filled with ideas for their network to implement." msgid "" "Shareable began hosting events in 2010. These events were designed to bring " "the sharing community together. But over time they realized they could reach " -"far more people if they helped their readers to host their own events. “If " -"we wanted to go big on a conference, there was a huge risk and huge staffing " -"needs, plus only a fraction of our community could travel to the event,” " -"Neal said. Enabling others to create their own events around the globe " -"allowed them to scale up their work more effectively and reach far more " -"people. Shareable has catalyzed three hundred different events reaching over " -"twenty thousand people since implementing this strategy three years ago. " -"Going forward, Shareable is focusing the network on creating and " -"distributing content meant to spur local action. For instance, Shareable " -"will publish a new CC-licensed book in 2017 filled with ideas for their " -"network to implement." +"far more people if they helped their readers to host their own events. " +"<quote>If we wanted to go big on a conference, there was a huge risk and " +"huge staffing needs, plus only a fraction of our community could travel to " +"the event,</quote> Neal said. Enabling others to create their own events " +"around the globe allowed them to scale up their work more effectively and " +"reach far more people. Shareable has catalyzed three hundred different " +"events reaching over twenty thousand people since implementing this strategy " +"three years ago. Going forward, Shareable is focusing the network on " +"creating and distributing content meant to spur local action. For instance, " +"Shareable will publish a new CC-licensed book in 2017 filled with ideas for " +"their network to implement." msgstr "" "Shareable comenzó a realizar eventos en 2010. Estos eventos fueron " "designados para traer a la comunidad colaborativa junta. Pero durante el " @@ -16069,7 +18159,7 @@ msgstr "" "lleno de ideas para que las implemente su red." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8155 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8185 msgid "" "Neal says Shareable stumbled upon this strategy, but it seems to perfectly " "encapsulate just how the commons is supposed to work. Rather than a one-" @@ -16083,12 +18173,12 @@ msgstr "" "sus propias comunidades." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8163 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8193 msgid "Siyavula" msgstr "Siyavula" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8166 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8196 msgid "" "Siyavula is a for-profit educational-technology company that creates " "textbooks and integrated learning experiences. Founded in 2012 in South " @@ -16098,32 +18188,32 @@ msgstr "" "integra experiencias de aprendizaje. Fundada en 2012 en Sudafrica." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8171 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8201 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.siyavula.com\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://www.siyavula.com\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8173 -#| msgid "Revenue model: charging for custom services, sponsorships" +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8203 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for custom " "services, sponsorships" -msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Modelo de ingresos</emphasis>: cargos por servicios personalizados, patrocinios" +msgstr "" +"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Modelo de ingresos</emphasis>: cargos por " +"servicios personalizados, patrocinios" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8176 -#| msgid "Interview date: April 5, 2016" +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8206 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: April 5, 2016" -msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Fecha de la entrevista</emphasis>: 5 de abril, 2016" +msgstr "" +"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Fecha de la entrevista</emphasis>: 5 de abril, 2016" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8178 -#| msgid "Interviewee: Mark Horner, CEO" +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8208 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Mark Horner, CEO" msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Entrevistado</emphasis>: Mark Horner, CEO" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8185 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8215 msgid "" "Openness is a key principle for Siyavula. They believe that every learner " "and teacher should have access to high-quality educational resources, as " @@ -16139,7 +18229,7 @@ msgstr "" "Sudáfrica." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8193 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8223 msgid "" "In terms of creating an open business model that involves Creative Commons, " "Siyavula—and its founder, Mark Horner—have been around the block a few " @@ -16152,7 +18242,7 @@ msgstr "" "sobrevivir y prosperar. Mark dice que ha sido muy orgánico." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8200 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8230 msgid "" "It all started in 2002, when Mark and several other colleagues at the " "University of Cape Town in South Africa founded the Free High School Science " @@ -16169,12 +18259,12 @@ msgstr "" "ponerlos disponibles libremente." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8211 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8241 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8208 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8238 msgid "" "As physicists, Mark and his colleagues were advocates of open-source " "software. To make the books open and free, they adopted the Free Software " @@ -16194,7 +18284,7 @@ msgstr "" "los grados 10 al 12." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8217 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8247 msgid "" "In 2007, the Shuttleworth Foundation offered funding support to make the " "textbooks available for trial use at more schools. Surveys before and after " @@ -16211,7 +18301,7 @@ msgstr "" "este logro." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8225 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8255 msgid "" "But the development of new textbooks froze at this stage. Mark shifted his " "focus to rural schools, which didn’t have textbooks at all, and looked into " @@ -16225,12 +18315,12 @@ msgstr "" "necesidades." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8235 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8265 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.capetowndeclaration.org\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://www.capetowndeclaration.org\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8231 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8261 msgid "" "In 2007, Shuttleworth and the Open Society Institute convened a group of " "open-education activists for a small but lively meeting in Cape Town. One " @@ -16244,13 +18334,13 @@ msgstr "" "activistas de la educación abierta para una reunión pequeña pero vivida en " "ciudad del Cabo. Uno de los resultados fue la declaración de educación " "abierta de la ciudad del Cabo, una declaración de principios, estrategias, y " -"compromisos para ayudar al movimiento de educación abierta para crecer.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> " -"Shuttleworth también invitó a Mark para comenzar un proyecto escribiendo " -"contenido abierto para todos los temas del K-12 en inglés. Ese proyecto se " -"volvió Siyavula." +"compromisos para ayudar al movimiento de educación abierta para crecer." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Shuttleworth también invitó a Mark " +"para comenzar un proyecto escribiendo contenido abierto para todos los temas " +"del K-12 en inglés. Ese proyecto se volvió Siyavula." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8240 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8270 msgid "" "They wrote six original textbooks. A small publishing company offered " "Shuttleworth the option to buy out the publisher’s existing K–9 content for " @@ -16266,7 +18356,7 @@ msgstr "" "mas allá de los seis libros iniciales." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8248 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8278 msgid "" "Mark wanted to build out the remaining curricula collaboratively through " "communities of practice—that is, with fellow educators and writers. Although " @@ -16294,12 +18384,12 @@ msgstr "" "esa manera estarían seguros para compartir y libres de repercusiones legales." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8267 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8297 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://cnx.org\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://cnx.org\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8263 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8293 msgid "" "Not only did Mark want the resources to be shareable, he wanted all teachers " "to be able to remix and edit the content. Mark and his team had to come up " @@ -16318,7 +18408,7 @@ msgstr "" "probo ser demasiado complejo y los libros de texto rara vez fueron editados." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8271 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8301 msgid "" "Then the Shuttleworth Foundation decided to completely restructure its work " "as a foundation into a fellowship model (for reasons completely unrelated to " @@ -16332,7 +18422,7 @@ msgstr "" "un fellow de Shuttleworth." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8278 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8308 msgid "" "Mark and his team experimented with several different strategies. They " "tried creating an authoring and hosting platform called Full Marks so that " @@ -16350,7 +18440,7 @@ msgstr "" "funcionaron realmente." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8286 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8316 msgid "" "Then the South African government approached Siyavula with an interest in " "printing out the original six Free High School Science Texts (math and " @@ -16367,7 +18457,7 @@ msgstr "" "educativos abiertos, vieron esto como una gran oportunidad." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8294 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8324 msgid "" "They began to conceive of the six books as having massive marketing " "potential for Siyavula. Printing Siyavula books for every kid in South " @@ -16385,7 +18475,7 @@ msgstr "" "dispositivo—computadora, tableta, o teléfono móvil." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8303 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8333 msgid "" "Mark and his team began imagining what they could develop beyond what was in " "the textbooks as a service they charge for. One key thing you can’t do well " @@ -16410,7 +18500,7 @@ msgstr "" "dentro de los libros de texto abiertos." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8316 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8346 msgid "" "The costs for using Intelligent Practice were set very low, making it " "accessible even to those with limited financial means. Siyavula was going " @@ -16423,7 +18513,7 @@ msgstr "" "dirigido únicamente a la parte más alta del mercado." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8322 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8352 msgid "" "The government distributed the books to 1.5 million students, but there was " "an unexpected wrinkle: the books were delivered late. Rather than wait, " @@ -16441,14 +18531,24 @@ msgstr "" "involuntariamente se volvió los estudiantes de bajos ingresos." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8331 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8361 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Siyavula’s site did see a dramatic increase in traffic. They got five " +#| "hundred thousand visitors per month to their math site and the same " +#| "number to their science site. Two-fifths of the traffic was reading on a " +#| "“feature phone” (a nonsmartphone with no apps). People on basic phones " +#| "were reading math and science on a two-inch screen at all hours of the " +#| "day. To Mark, it was quite amazing and spoke to a need they were " +#| "servicing." msgid "" "Siyavula’s site did see a dramatic increase in traffic. They got five " "hundred thousand visitors per month to their math site and the same number " -"to their science site. Two-fifths of the traffic was reading on a “feature " -"phone” (a nonsmartphone with no apps). People on basic phones were reading " -"math and science on a two-inch screen at all hours of the day. To Mark, it " -"was quite amazing and spoke to a need they were servicing." +"to their science site. Two-fifths of the traffic was reading on a " +"<quote>feature phone</quote> (a nonsmartphone with no apps). People on basic " +"phones were reading math and science on a two-inch screen at all hours of " +"the day. To Mark, it was quite amazing and spoke to a need they were " +"servicing." msgstr "" "El sitio de Siyavula contempló un dramático incremento en su tráfico. " "Tuvieron quinientos mil visitantes por mes a su sitio de matemáticas y la " @@ -16460,7 +18560,7 @@ msgstr "" "atendiendo." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8340 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8370 msgid "" "At first, the Intelligent Practice services could only be paid using a " "credit card. This proved problematic, especially for those in the low-income " @@ -16478,7 +18578,7 @@ msgstr "" "mercado, cuál es el precio, y que barreras para acceder hay." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8349 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8379 msgid "" "Mark describes this as the first version of Siyavula’s business model: open " "textbooks serving as marketing material and driving traffic to your site, " @@ -16491,7 +18591,7 @@ msgstr "" "servicio relacionado y convertir algunas personas en clientes de pago." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8355 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8385 msgid "" "For Mark a key decision for Siyavula’s business was to focus on how they can " "add value on top of their basic service. They’ll charge only if they are " @@ -16508,7 +18608,7 @@ msgstr "" "quienes cobran una y otra vez por el mismo contenido sin agregar valor." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8364 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8394 msgid "" "Version two of Siyavula’s business model was a big, ambitious idea—scale up. " "They also decided to sell the Intelligent Practice service to schools " @@ -16531,7 +18631,7 @@ msgstr "" "se suscriben." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8375 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8405 msgid "" "Teachers get a dashboard that allows them to monitor the progress of an " "entire class or view an individual learner’s results. They can see the " @@ -16549,7 +18649,7 @@ msgstr "" "desempeño." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8384 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8414 msgid "" "Based on the success of this effort, Siyavula decided to substantially " "increase the production of open educational resources so they could provide " @@ -16565,12 +18665,12 @@ msgstr "" "para los grados 4 al 6 y depués para los grados 7 al 9." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8395 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8425 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.siyavula.com/products-primary-school.html\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://www.siyavula.com/products-primary-school.html\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8392 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8422 msgid "" "In partnership with, and sponsored by, the Sasol Inzalo Foundation, Siyavula " "produced a series of natural sciences and technology workbooks for grades 4 " @@ -16581,11 +18681,12 @@ msgstr "" "En asociación, y patrocinado por, la fundación Sasol Inzalo, Siyavula " "produjo una serie de libros de trabajo de ciencias naturales y tecnología " "para cuarto a sexto grados titulados Thunderbolt Kids que usa un estilo " -"divertido de cuento de cómic.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Es una curricula completa que también viene " -"con una guía de maestro y otros recursos." +"divertido de cuento de cómic.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Es " +"una curricula completa que también viene con una guía de maestro y otros " +"recursos." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8399 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8429 msgid "" "Through this experience, Siyavula learned they could get sponsors to help " "fund openly licensed textbooks. It helped that Siyavula had by this time " @@ -16598,14 +18699,14 @@ msgstr "" "A través de esta experiencia, Siyavula aprendió que podían conseguir " "patrocinadores para ayudar a financiar los libros de texto con lincencias " "abiertas. Ayudó que Siyavula para este tiempo había coseguido el modelo de " -"producción. Costó aproximadamente $150,000 producir un libro en dos " -"idiomas. A los patrocinadores les gustó el aspecto del beneficio social de " -"los libros de texto abiertos via la licencia Creative Commons. También les " -"gustó la exposición que su marca obtuvo. Por cerca de $150,000, su logo " -"sería visible en lobros distribuidos a más de un millon de estudiantes." +"producción. Costó aproximadamente $150,000 producir un libro en dos idiomas. " +"A los patrocinadores les gustó el aspecto del beneficio social de los libros " +"de texto abiertos via la licencia Creative Commons. También les gustó la " +"exposición que su marca obtuvo. Por cerca de $150,000, su logo sería visible " +"en lobros distribuidos a más de un millon de estudiantes." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8409 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8439 msgid "" "The Siyavula books that are reviewed, approved, and branded by the " "government are freely and openly available on Siyavula’s website under an " @@ -16622,7 +18723,7 @@ msgstr "" "(CC BY), permitiendo a otros modificar y redistribuir los libros." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8417 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8447 msgid "" "Although the South African government paid to print and distribute hard " "copies of the books to schoolkids, Siyavula itself received no funding from " @@ -16643,7 +18744,7 @@ msgstr "" "menor en el país. Pero después de una larga negociación, el gobierno se negó." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8428 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8458 msgid "" "Using Siyavula books generated huge savings for the government. Providing " "students with a traditionally published grade 12 science or math textbook " @@ -16656,14 +18757,14 @@ msgstr "" "Usar los libros de Siyavula generó grandes ahorros para el gobierno. Proveer " "a los estudiantes con libro de texto publicado tradicional de ciencia o " "matemáticas para el grado 12 costaría alrededor de 250 rands por libro " -"(cerca de US$18). Proporcionar la versión de Siyavula costaría alrededor " -"de 36 rands (cerca de $2.60), un ahorro de cerca de 200 rands por libro. " -"Pero ninguno de estos ahorros fue transferido a Siyavula. En retrospectiva, " -"Mark cree que esto podría haberlos ayudado ya que les permitió mantenerse " +"(cerca de US$18). Proporcionar la versión de Siyavula costaría alrededor de " +"36 rands (cerca de $2.60), un ahorro de cerca de 200 rands por libro. Pero " +"ninguno de estos ahorros fue transferido a Siyavula. En retrospectiva, Mark " +"cree que esto podría haberlos ayudado ya que les permitió mantenerse " "independientes del gobierno." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8438 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8468 msgid "" "Just as Siyavula was planning to scale up the production of open textbooks " "even more, the South African government changed its textbook policy. To save " @@ -16679,7 +18780,7 @@ msgstr "" "potenciales." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8446 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8476 msgid "" "Rather than producing more textbooks, Siyavula focused on improving its " "Intelligent Practice technology for its existing books. Mark calls this " @@ -16700,7 +18801,7 @@ msgstr "" "siendo el modelo que usa Siyavula actualmente." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8457 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8487 msgid "" "Mark says sales are way up, and they are really nailing Intelligent " "Practice. Schools continue to use their open textbooks. The government-" @@ -16714,7 +18815,7 @@ msgstr "" "conflictiva y está en el limbo." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8464 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8494 msgid "" "Siyavula is exploring a range of enhancements to their business model. These " "include charging a small amount for assessment services provided over the " @@ -16730,7 +18831,7 @@ msgstr "" "Intelligent Practice recolecta." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8472 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8502 msgid "" "Siyavula is a for-profit business but one with a social mission. Their " "shareholders’ agreement lists lots of requirements around openness for " @@ -16758,12 +18859,12 @@ msgstr "" "ambos, él y la compañía son más fuertes por eso." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8488 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8518 msgid "SparkFun" msgstr "SparkFun" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8491 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8521 msgid "" "SparkFun is an online electronics retailer specializing in open hardware. " "Founded in 2003 in the U.S." @@ -16772,35 +18873,35 @@ msgstr "" "hardware abierto. Fundada en 2003 en Estados Unidos." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8495 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8525 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.sparkfun.com\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://www.sparkfun.com\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8497 -#| msgid "Revenue model: charging for physical copies (electronics sales)" +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8527 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for physical " "copies (electronics sales)" msgstr "" -"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Modelo de ingresos</emphasis>: cobrar por copias físicas (ventas de componentes " -"electrónicos)" +"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Modelo de ingresos</emphasis>: cobrar por copias " +"físicas (ventas de componentes electrónicos)" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8500 -#| msgid "Interview date: February 29, 2016" +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8530 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 29, 2016" -msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Fecha de la entrevista</emphasis>: 29 de febrero, 2016" +msgstr "" +"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Fecha de la entrevista</emphasis>: 29 de febrero, " +"2016" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8503 -#| msgid "Interviewee: Nathan Seidle, founder" +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8533 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Nathan Seidle, founder" -msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Entrevistado</emphasis>: Nathan Seidle, fundador" +msgstr "" +"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Entrevistado</emphasis>: Nathan Seidle, fundador" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8511 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8541 msgid "" "SparkFun founder and former CEO Nathan Seidle has a picture of himself " "holding up a clone of a SparkFun product in an electronics market in China, " @@ -16815,12 +18916,18 @@ msgstr "" "hecha por alguien más. Su reacción fue de júbilo." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8518 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8547 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "“Being copied is the greatest earmark of flattery and success,” Nathan " +#| "said. “I thought it was so cool that they were selling to a market we " +#| "were never going to get access to otherwise. It was evidence of our " +#| "impact on the world.”" msgid "" -"“Being copied is the greatest earmark of flattery and success,” Nathan said. " -"“I thought it was so cool that they were selling to a market we were never " -"going to get access to otherwise. It was evidence of our impact on the " -"world.”" +"<quote>Being copied is the greatest earmark of flattery and success,</quote> " +"Nathan said. <quote>I thought it was so cool that they were selling to a " +"market we were never going to get access to otherwise. It was evidence of " +"our impact on the world.</quote>" msgstr "" "«Ser copiado es el mayor destino de adulación y éxito,» dijo Nathan. «Yo " "pensé que era tan genial que ellos estuvieran vendiendo en un mercado al que " @@ -16828,7 +18935,7 @@ msgstr "" "en el mundo.»" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8524 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8553 msgid "" "This worldview runs through everything SparkFun does. SparkFun is an " "electronics manufacturer. The company sells its products directly to the " @@ -16846,14 +18953,24 @@ msgstr "" "por su cuenta. Ser copiados es parte del diseño." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8533 -msgid "" -"Nathan believes open licensing is good for the world. “It touches on our " -"natural human instinct to share,” he said. But he also strongly believes it " -"makes SparkFun better at what they do. They encourage copying, and their " -"products are copied at a very fast rate, often within ten to twelve weeks of " -"release. This forces the company to compete on something other than product " -"design, or what most commonly consider their intellectual property." +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8562 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Nathan believes open licensing is good for the world. “It touches on our " +#| "natural human instinct to share,” he said. But he also strongly believes " +#| "it makes SparkFun better at what they do. They encourage copying, and " +#| "their products are copied at a very fast rate, often within ten to twelve " +#| "weeks of release. This forces the company to compete on something other " +#| "than product design, or what most commonly consider their intellectual " +#| "property." +msgid "" +"Nathan believes open licensing is good for the world. <quote>It touches on " +"our natural human instinct to share,</quote> he said. But he also strongly " +"believes it makes SparkFun better at what they do. They encourage copying, " +"and their products are copied at a very fast rate, often within ten to " +"twelve weeks of release. This forces the company to compete on something " +"other than product design, or what most commonly consider their intellectual " +"property." msgstr "" "Nathan cree que el licenciamiento libre es bueno para el mundo. «Esto toca " "nuestro instinto humano de compartir,» dijo. Pero él también cree firmemente " @@ -16864,26 +18981,41 @@ msgstr "" "como propiedad intelectual." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8542 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8571 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "“We compete on business principles,” Nathan said. “Claiming your " +#| "territory with intellectual property allows you to get comfy and rest on " +#| "your laurels. It gives you a safety net. We took away that safety net.”" msgid "" -"“We compete on business principles,” Nathan said. “Claiming your territory " -"with intellectual property allows you to get comfy and rest on your laurels. " -"It gives you a safety net. We took away that safety net.”" +"<quote>We compete on business principles,</quote> Nathan said. " +"<quote>Claiming your territory with intellectual property allows you to get " +"comfy and rest on your laurels. It gives you a safety net. We took away that " +"safety net.</quote>" msgstr "" "«Competimos con principios de negocio,» dijo Nathan. «Reclamar el territorio " "con propiedad intelectual permite ponerse cómodos y dormirse en los " "laureles. Da una red de seguridad. Nosotros quitamos esa red de seguridad.»" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8548 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8577 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "The result is an intense company-wide focus on product development and " +#| "improvement. “Our products are so much better than they were five years " +#| "ago,” Nathan said. “We used to just sell products. Now it’s a product " +#| "plus a video, a seventeen-page hookup guide, and example firmware on " +#| "three different platforms to get you up and running faster. We have " +#| "gotten better because we had to in order to compete. As painful as it is " +#| "for us, it’s better for the customers.”" msgid "" "The result is an intense company-wide focus on product development and " -"improvement. “Our products are so much better than they were five years " -"ago,” Nathan said. “We used to just sell products. Now it’s a product plus a " -"video, a seventeen-page hookup guide, and example firmware on three " -"different platforms to get you up and running faster. We have gotten better " -"because we had to in order to compete. As painful as it is for us, it’s " -"better for the customers.”" +"improvement. <quote>Our products are so much better than they were five " +"years ago,</quote> Nathan said. <quote>We used to just sell products. Now " +"it’s a product plus a video, a seventeen-page hookup guide, and example " +"firmware on three different platforms to get you up and running faster. We " +"have gotten better because we had to in order to compete. As painful as it " +"is for us, it’s better for the customers.</quote>" msgstr "" "El resultado es un intenso enfoque en toda la compañía hacia el desarrollo y " "mejoramiento de productos. «Nuestros productos son mucho mejores de lo que " @@ -16894,15 +19026,24 @@ msgstr "" "nosotros, es mejor para los clientes.»" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8558 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8587 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "SparkFun parts are available on eBay for lower prices. But people come " +#| "directly to SparkFun because SparkFun makes their lives easier. The " +#| "example code works; there is a service number to call; they ship " +#| "replacement parts the day they get a service call. They invest heavily in " +#| "service and support. “I don’t believe businesses should be competing with " +#| "IP [intellectual property] barriers,” Nathan said. “This is the stuff " +#| "they should be competing on.”" msgid "" "SparkFun parts are available on eBay for lower prices. But people come " "directly to SparkFun because SparkFun makes their lives easier. The example " "code works; there is a service number to call; they ship replacement parts " "the day they get a service call. They invest heavily in service and support. " -"“I don’t believe businesses should be competing with IP [intellectual " -"property] barriers,” Nathan said. “This is the stuff they should be " -"competing on.”" +"<quote>I don’t believe businesses should be competing with IP [intellectual " +"property] barriers,</quote> Nathan said. <quote>This is the stuff they " +"should be competing on.</quote>" msgstr "" "Las partes de SparkFun están disponibles en eBay a precios más bajos. Pero " "la gente acude directamente a SparkFun porque SparkFun hace sus vidas más " @@ -16913,16 +19054,26 @@ msgstr "" "Nathan. «Esto es con lo que deberían competir.»" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8567 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8597 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "SparkFun’s company history began in Nathan’s college dorm room. He spent " +#| "a lot of time experimenting with and building electronics, and he " +#| "realized there was a void in the market. “If you wanted to place an order " +#| "for something,” he said, “you first had to search far and wide to find " +#| "it, and then you had to call or fax someone.” In 2003, during his third " +#| "year of college, he registered <ulink url=\"http://sparkfun.com\"/> and " +#| "started reselling products out of his bedroom. After he graduated, he " +#| "started making and selling his own products." msgid "" "SparkFun’s company history began in Nathan’s college dorm room. He spent a " "lot of time experimenting with and building electronics, and he realized " -"there was a void in the market. “If you wanted to place an order for " -"something,” he said, “you first had to search far and wide to find it, and " -"then you had to call or fax someone.” In 2003, during his third year of " -"college, he registered <ulink url=\"http://sparkfun.com\"/> and started " -"reselling products out of his bedroom. After he graduated, he started making " -"and selling his own products." +"there was a void in the market. <quote>If you wanted to place an order for " +"something,</quote> he said, <quote>you first had to search far and wide to " +"find it, and then you had to call or fax someone.</quote> In 2003, during " +"his third year of college, he registered <ulink url=\"http://sparkfun.com\"/" +"> and started reselling products out of his bedroom. After he graduated, he " +"started making and selling his own products." msgstr "" "La historia de la compañía SparkFun comenzó en el dormitorio de la " "universidad de Nathan. Él pasó mucho tiempo experimentando y construyendo " @@ -16930,18 +19081,27 @@ msgstr "" "mercado. «Si usted quería hacer una orden de algo,» dijo, «primero tenía que " "buscar por todas partes para encontrarlo, y luego tenía que llamar o enviar " "un fax a alguien.» En 2013, durante su tercer año de universidad, registró " -"<ulink url=\"http://sparkfun.com\"/> y empezó a revender productos desde su dormitorio. Después de " -"graduarse, empezó a hacer y vender sus propios productos." +"<ulink url=\"http://sparkfun.com\"/> y empezó a revender productos desde su " +"dormitorio. Después de graduarse, empezó a hacer y vender sus propios " +"productos." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8578 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8609 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Once he started designing his own products, he began putting the software " +#| "and schematics online to help with technical support. After doing some " +#| "research on licensing options, he chose Creative Commons licenses because " +#| "he was drawn to the “human-readable deeds” that explain the licensing " +#| "terms in simple terms. SparkFun still uses CC licenses for all of the " +#| "schematics and firmware for the products they create." msgid "" "Once he started designing his own products, he began putting the software " "and schematics online to help with technical support. After doing some " "research on licensing options, he chose Creative Commons licenses because he " -"was drawn to the “human-readable deeds” that explain the licensing terms in " -"simple terms. SparkFun still uses CC licenses for all of the schematics and " -"firmware for the products they create." +"was drawn to the <quote>human-readable deeds</quote> that explain the " +"licensing terms in simple terms. SparkFun still uses CC licenses for all of " +"the schematics and firmware for the products they create." msgstr "" "Una vez que empezó a diseñar sus propios productos, comenzó a poner el " "software y los diagramas en línea para ayudar con el soporte técnico. " @@ -16952,7 +19112,7 @@ msgstr "" "para los productos que crean." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8587 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8618 msgid "" "The company has grown from a solo project to a corporation with 140 " "employees. In 2015, SparkFun earned $33 million in revenue. Selling " @@ -16969,7 +19129,7 @@ msgstr "" "para producir placas para revender usando la marca de Arduino." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8596 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8627 msgid "" "SparkFun also has an educational department dedicated to creating a hands-on " "curriculum to teach students about electronics using prototyping parts. " @@ -16985,27 +19145,43 @@ msgstr "" "tecnología es una extensión natural de su negocio central." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8604 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8634 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "“We have the burden and opportunity to educate the next generation of " +#| "technical citizens,” Nathan said. “Our goal is to affect the lives of " +#| "three hundred and fifty thousand high school students by 2020.”" msgid "" -"“We have the burden and opportunity to educate the next generation of " -"technical citizens,” Nathan said. “Our goal is to affect the lives of three " -"hundred and fifty thousand high school students by 2020.”" +"<quote>We have the burden and opportunity to educate the next generation of " +"technical citizens,</quote> Nathan said. <quote>Our goal is to affect the " +"lives of three hundred and fifty thousand high school students by 2020.</" +"quote>" msgstr "" "«Tenemos la carga y la oportunidad de educar a la siguiente generación de " "ciudadanos técnicos,» dijo Nathan. «Nuestro objetivo es afectar las vidas de " "trescientos y cincuenta mil estudiantes de colegio para el 2020.»" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8610 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8640 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "The Creative Commons license underlying all of SparkFun’s products is " +#| "central to this mission. The license not only signals a willingness to " +#| "share, but it also expresses a desire for others to get in and tinker " +#| "with their products, both to learn and to make their products better. " +#| "SparkFun uses the Attribution-ShareAlike license (CC BY-SA), which is a " +#| "“copyleft” license that allows people to do anything with the content as " +#| "long as they provide credit and make any adaptations available under the " +#| "same licensing terms." msgid "" "The Creative Commons license underlying all of SparkFun’s products is " "central to this mission. The license not only signals a willingness to " "share, but it also expresses a desire for others to get in and tinker with " "their products, both to learn and to make their products better. SparkFun " -"uses the Attribution-ShareAlike license (CC BY-SA), which is a “copyleft” " -"license that allows people to do anything with the content as long as they " -"provide credit and make any adaptations available under the same licensing " -"terms." +"uses the Attribution-ShareAlike license (CC BY-SA), which is a " +"<quote>copyleft</quote> license that allows people to do anything with the " +"content as long as they provide credit and make any adaptations available " +"under the same licensing terms." msgstr "" "La licencia Creative Commons detrás de todos los productos de SparkFun es " "central para su misión. La licencia no solo señala una voluntad de " @@ -17017,7 +19193,7 @@ msgstr "" "disponible bajo los mismo términos de licenciamiento." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8621 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8651 msgid "" "From the beginning, Nathan has tried to create a work environment at " "SparkFun that he himself would want to work in. The result is what appears " @@ -17037,18 +19213,31 @@ msgstr "" "competencia." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8632 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8662 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "The public event, called the Autonomous Vehicle Competition, brings in a " +#| "thousand to two thousand customers and other technology enthusiasts from " +#| "around the area to race their own self-created bots against each other, " +#| "participate in training workshops, and socialize. From a business " +#| "perspective, Nathan says it’s a terrible idea. But they don’t hold the " +#| "event for business reasons. “The reason we do it is because I get to " +#| "travel and have interactions with our customers all the time, but most of " +#| "our employees don’t,” he said. “This event gives our employees the " +#| "opportunity to get face-to-face contact with our customers.” The event " +#| "infuses their work with a human element, which makes it more meaningful." msgid "" "The public event, called the Autonomous Vehicle Competition, brings in a " "thousand to two thousand customers and other technology enthusiasts from " "around the area to race their own self-created bots against each other, " "participate in training workshops, and socialize. From a business " "perspective, Nathan says it’s a terrible idea. But they don’t hold the event " -"for business reasons. “The reason we do it is because I get to travel and " -"have interactions with our customers all the time, but most of our employees " -"don’t,” he said. “This event gives our employees the opportunity to get face-" -"to-face contact with our customers.” The event infuses their work with a " -"human element, which makes it more meaningful." +"for business reasons. <quote>The reason we do it is because I get to travel " +"and have interactions with our customers all the time, but most of our " +"employees don’t,</quote> he said. <quote>This event gives our employees the " +"opportunity to get face-to-face contact with our customers.</quote> The " +"event infuses their work with a human element, which makes it more " +"meaningful." msgstr "" "El evento público, llamado «Autonomous Vehicle Competition» (Competencia de " "Vehículos Autónomos), atrae de mil a dos mil clientes y otras personas " @@ -17063,15 +19252,24 @@ msgstr "" "lo hace más significativo." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8646 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8676 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Nathan has worked hard to imbue a deeper meaning into the work SparkFun " +#| "does. The company is, of course, focused on being fiscally responsible, " +#| "but they are ultimately driven by something other than money. “Profit is " +#| "not the goal; it is the outcome of a well-executed plan,” Nathan said. " +#| "“We focus on having a bigger impact on the world.” Nathan believes they " +#| "get some of the brightest and most amazing employees because they aren’t " +#| "singularly focused on the bottom line." msgid "" "Nathan has worked hard to imbue a deeper meaning into the work SparkFun " "does. The company is, of course, focused on being fiscally responsible, but " -"they are ultimately driven by something other than money. “Profit is not the " -"goal; it is the outcome of a well-executed plan,” Nathan said. “We focus on " -"having a bigger impact on the world.” Nathan believes they get some of the " -"brightest and most amazing employees because they aren’t singularly focused " -"on the bottom line." +"they are ultimately driven by something other than money. <quote>Profit is " +"not the goal; it is the outcome of a well-executed plan,</quote> Nathan " +"said. <quote>We focus on having a bigger impact on the world.</quote> Nathan " +"believes they get some of the brightest and most amazing employees because " +"they aren’t singularly focused on the bottom line." msgstr "" "Nathan ha trabajado duro para inculcar un significado más profundo al " "trabajo que hace SparkFun. La compañía está, por supuesto, enfocada en ser " @@ -17082,7 +19280,7 @@ msgstr "" "porque no se enfocan de forma singular en el resultado final." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8656 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8686 msgid "" "The company is committed to transparency and shares all of its financials " "with its employees. They also generally strive to avoid being another " @@ -17097,16 +19295,27 @@ msgstr "" "que vienen a su sitio no solo encuentren contenido sin cambios." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8663 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8693 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "SparkFun’s customer base is largely made up of industrious electronics " +#| "enthusiasts. They have customers who are regularly involved in the " +#| "company’s customer support, independently responding to questions in " +#| "forums and product-comment sections. Customers also bring product ideas " +#| "to the company. SparkFun regularly sifts through suggestions from " +#| "customers and tries to build on them where they can. “From the beginning, " +#| "we have been listening to the community,” Nathan said. “Customers would " +#| "identify a pain point, and we would design something to address it.”" msgid "" "SparkFun’s customer base is largely made up of industrious electronics " "enthusiasts. They have customers who are regularly involved in the company’s " "customer support, independently responding to questions in forums and " "product-comment sections. Customers also bring product ideas to the " "company. SparkFun regularly sifts through suggestions from customers and " -"tries to build on them where they can. “From the beginning, we have been " -"listening to the community,” Nathan said. “Customers would identify a pain " -"point, and we would design something to address it.”" +"tries to build on them where they can. <quote>From the beginning, we have " +"been listening to the community,</quote> Nathan said. <quote>Customers " +"would identify a pain point, and we would design something to address it.</" +"quote>" msgstr "" "La clientela de SparkFun está en gran parte compuesta por personas " "entusiastas industriosas de los electrónicos. Ellos tienen clientes que " @@ -17119,15 +19328,25 @@ msgstr "" "identifican puntos débiles, y nosotros diseñamos algo para solucionarlos.»" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8675 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8705 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "However, this sort of customer engagement does not always translate to " +#| "people actively contributing to SparkFun’s projects. The company has a " +#| "public repository of software code for each of its devices online. On a " +#| "particularly active project, there will only be about two dozen people " +#| "contributing significant improvements. The vast majority of projects are " +#| "relatively untouched by the public. “There is a theory that if you open-" +#| "source it, they will come,” Nathan said. “That’s not really true.”" msgid "" "However, this sort of customer engagement does not always translate to " "people actively contributing to SparkFun’s projects. The company has a " "public repository of software code for each of its devices online. On a " "particularly active project, there will only be about two dozen people " "contributing significant improvements. The vast majority of projects are " -"relatively untouched by the public. “There is a theory that if you open-" -"source it, they will come,” Nathan said. “That’s not really true.”" +"relatively untouched by the public. <quote>There is a theory that if you " +"open-source it, they will come,</quote> Nathan said. <quote>That’s not " +"really true.</quote>" msgstr "" "Sin embargo, este tipo de involucramiento con los clientes no siempre se " "traduce en personas contribuyendo de forma activa en los proyectos de " @@ -17139,14 +19358,24 @@ msgstr "" "dijo Nathan. «Eso no es realmente cierto.»" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8686 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8716 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Rather than focusing on cocreation with their customers, SparkFun instead " +#| "focuses on enabling people to copy, tinker, and improve products on their " +#| "own. They heavily invest in tutorials and other material designed to help " +#| "people understand how the products work so they can fix and improve " +#| "things independently. “What gives me joy is when people take open-source " +#| "layouts and then build their own circuit boards from our designs,” Nathan " +#| "said." msgid "" "Rather than focusing on cocreation with their customers, SparkFun instead " "focuses on enabling people to copy, tinker, and improve products on their " "own. They heavily invest in tutorials and other material designed to help " "people understand how the products work so they can fix and improve things " -"independently. “What gives me joy is when people take open-source layouts " -"and then build their own circuit boards from our designs,” Nathan said." +"independently. <quote>What gives me joy is when people take open-source " +"layouts and then build their own circuit boards from our designs,</quote> " +"Nathan said." msgstr "" "En lugar de enfocarse en la cocreación con sus clientes, Sparkfun se enfoca " "en permitir que las personas copien, jugueteen y mejoren productos por su " @@ -17158,7 +19387,7 @@ msgstr "" "diseños,» dijo Nathan." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8695 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8726 msgid "" "Obviously, opening up the design of their products is a necessary step if " "their goal is to empower the public. Nathan also firmly believes it makes " @@ -17184,12 +19413,12 @@ msgstr "" "propusieron ser." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8709 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8740 msgid "TeachAIDS" msgstr "TeachAIDS" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8712 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8743 msgid "" "TeachAIDS is a nonprofit that creates educational materials designed to " "teach people around the world about HIV and AIDS. Founded in 2005 in the U." @@ -17200,24 +19429,24 @@ msgstr "" "SIDA. Fundada en 2005 en los E.U.A." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8717 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8748 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://teachaids.org\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://teachaids.org\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8719 -#| msgid "Revenue model: sponsorships" +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8750 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: sponsorships" msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Modelo de ingresos</emphasis>: patrocinios" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8721 -#| msgid "Interview date: March 24, 2016" +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8752 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: March 24, 2016" -msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Fecha de la entrevista</emphasis>: 24 de marzo, 2016" +msgstr "" +"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Fecha de la entrevista</emphasis>: 24 de marzo, " +"2016" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8724 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8755 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: Piya Sorcar, the CEO, and " "Shuman Ghosemajumder, the chair" @@ -17226,7 +19455,7 @@ msgstr "" "Shuman Ghosemajumder, el presidente" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8732 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8763 msgid "" "TeachAIDS is an unconventional media company with a conventional revenue " "model. Like most media companies, they are subsidized by advertising. " @@ -17239,7 +19468,7 @@ msgstr "" "los materiales educativos que distribuye TeachAIDS." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8738 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8769 msgid "" "But unlike most media companies, Teach-AIDS is a nonprofit organization with " "a purely social mission. TeachAIDS is dedicated to educating the global " @@ -17265,7 +19494,7 @@ msgstr "" "disposición bajo una licencia Creative Commons." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8751 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8782 msgid "" "TeachAIDS is a labor of love for founder and CEO Piya Sorcar, who earns a " "salary of one dollar per year from the nonprofit. The project grew out of " @@ -17305,17 +19534,28 @@ msgstr "" "únicamente pedazos de información." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8771 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8802 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "In late 2005, Piya and her team used research-based design to create new " +#| "educational materials and worked with local partners in India to help " +#| "distribute them. As soon as the animated software was posted online, " +#| "Piya’s team started receiving requests from individuals and governments " +#| "who were interested in bringing this model to more countries. “We " +#| "realized fairly quickly that educating large populations about a topic " +#| "that was considered taboo would be challenging. We began by identifying " +#| "optimal local partners and worked toward creating an effective, " +#| "culturally appropriate education,” Piya said." msgid "" "In late 2005, Piya and her team used research-based design to create new " "educational materials and worked with local partners in India to help " "distribute them. As soon as the animated software was posted online, Piya’s " "team started receiving requests from individuals and governments who were " -"interested in bringing this model to more countries. “We realized fairly " -"quickly that educating large populations about a topic that was considered " -"taboo would be challenging. We began by identifying optimal local partners " -"and worked toward creating an effective, culturally appropriate education,” " -"Piya said." +"interested in bringing this model to more countries. <quote>We realized " +"fairly quickly that educating large populations about a topic that was " +"considered taboo would be challenging. We began by identifying optimal local " +"partners and worked toward creating an effective, culturally appropriate " +"education,</quote> Piya said." msgstr "" "A finales del 2005, Piya y su equipo usaron un diseño basada en " "investigación para crear nuevos materiales educativos y trabajaron con " @@ -17328,7 +19568,7 @@ msgstr "" "creación una educación eficaz, culturalmente apropiada,\" Piya comentó." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8783 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8814 msgid "" "Very shortly after the initial release, Piya’s team decided to spin the " "endeavor into an independent nonprofit out of Stanford University. They also " @@ -17340,19 +19580,34 @@ msgstr "" "Creative Commons en los materiales." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8789 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8820 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Given their educational mission, TeachAIDS had an obvious interest in " +#| "seeing the materials as widely shared as possible. But they also needed " +#| "to preserve the integrity of the medical information in the content. They " +#| "chose the Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs license (CC BY-NC-ND), which " +#| "essentially gives the public the right to distribute only verbatim copies " +#| "of the content, and for noncommercial purposes. “We wanted attribution " +#| "for TeachAIDS, and we couldn’t stand by derivatives without vetting " +#| "them,” the cofounder and chair Shuman Ghosemajumder said. “It was almost " +#| "a no-brainer to go with a CC license because it was a plug-and-play " +#| "solution to this exact problem. It has allowed us to scale our materials " +#| "safely and quickly worldwide while preserving our content and protecting " +#| "us at the same time.”" msgid "" "Given their educational mission, TeachAIDS had an obvious interest in seeing " "the materials as widely shared as possible. But they also needed to preserve " "the integrity of the medical information in the content. They chose the " "Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs license (CC BY-NC-ND), which essentially " "gives the public the right to distribute only verbatim copies of the " -"content, and for noncommercial purposes. “We wanted attribution for " -"TeachAIDS, and we couldn’t stand by derivatives without vetting them,” the " -"cofounder and chair Shuman Ghosemajumder said. “It was almost a no-brainer " -"to go with a CC license because it was a plug-and-play solution to this " -"exact problem. It has allowed us to scale our materials safely and quickly " -"worldwide while preserving our content and protecting us at the same time.”" +"content, and for noncommercial purposes. <quote>We wanted attribution for " +"TeachAIDS, and we couldn’t stand by derivatives without vetting them,</" +"quote> the cofounder and chair Shuman Ghosemajumder said. <quote>It was " +"almost a no-brainer to go with a CC license because it was a plug-and-play " +"solution to this exact problem. It has allowed us to scale our materials " +"safely and quickly worldwide while preserving our content and protecting us " +"at the same time.</quote>" msgstr "" "Dada su misión educativa, TeachAIDS tiene un interés obvio en que estos " "materiales se compartan tán ampliamente como sea posible. Pero también " @@ -17368,14 +19623,22 @@ msgstr "" "preservando nuestro contenido y protegiéndonos al mismo tiempo.\"" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8804 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8836 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Choosing a license that does not allow adaptation of the content was an " +#| "outgrowth of the careful precision with which TeachAIDS crafts their " +#| "content. The organization invests heavily in research and testing to " +#| "determine the best method of conveying the information. “Creating high-" +#| "quality content is what matters most to us,” Piya said. “Research drives " +#| "everything we do.”" msgid "" "Choosing a license that does not allow adaptation of the content was an " "outgrowth of the careful precision with which TeachAIDS crafts their " "content. The organization invests heavily in research and testing to " -"determine the best method of conveying the information. “Creating high-" -"quality content is what matters most to us,” Piya said. “Research drives " -"everything we do.”" +"determine the best method of conveying the information. <quote>Creating high-" +"quality content is what matters most to us,</quote> Piya said. " +"<quote>Research drives everything we do.</quote>" msgstr "" "Escoger una licencia que no permita la adaptación del contenido fue una " "consecuencia de la cuidadosa precisión con la que TeachAIDS elabora su " @@ -17385,7 +19648,7 @@ msgstr "" "investigación impulsa todo lo que hacemos.\"" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8812 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8845 msgid "" "One important finding was that people accept the message best when it comes " "from familiar voices they trust and admire. To achieve this, TeachAIDS " @@ -17402,7 +19665,7 @@ msgstr "" "para cada versión adaptada de los materiales." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8821 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8854 msgid "" "Localization is probably the single-most important aspect of the way " "TeachAIDS creates its content. While each regional version builds from the " @@ -17430,7 +19693,7 @@ msgstr "" "la información de alguien del mismo genero." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8836 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8869 msgid "" "The localization process relies heavily on volunteers. Their volunteer base " "is deeply committed to the cause, and the organization has had better luck " @@ -17460,7 +19723,24 @@ msgstr "" "once veces." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8852 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8885 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "TeachAIDS employs full-time employees, contractors, and volunteers, all " +#| "in different capacities and organizational configurations. They are " +#| "careful to use people from diverse backgrounds to create the materials, " +#| "including teachers, students, and doctors, as well as individuals " +#| "experienced in working in the NGO space. This diversity and breadth of " +#| "knowledge help ensure their materials resonate with people from all walks " +#| "of life. Additionally, TeachAIDS works closely with film writers and " +#| "directors to help keep the concepts entertaining and easy to understand. " +#| "The inclusive, but highly controlled, creative process is undertaken " +#| "entirely by people who are specifically brought on to help with a " +#| "particular project, rather than ongoing staff. The final product they " +#| "create is designed to require zero training for people to implement in " +#| "practice. “In our research, we found we can’t depend on people passing on " +#| "the information correctly, even if they have the best of intentions,” " +#| "Piya said. “We need materials where you can push play and they will work.”" msgid "" "TeachAIDS employs full-time employees, contractors, and volunteers, all in " "different capacities and organizational configurations. They are careful to " @@ -17473,10 +19753,10 @@ msgid "" "but highly controlled, creative process is undertaken entirely by people who " "are specifically brought on to help with a particular project, rather than " "ongoing staff. The final product they create is designed to require zero " -"training for people to implement in practice. “In our research, we found we " -"can’t depend on people passing on the information correctly, even if they " -"have the best of intentions,” Piya said. “We need materials where you can " -"push play and they will work.”" +"training for people to implement in practice. <quote>In our research, we " +"found we can’t depend on people passing on the information correctly, even " +"if they have the best of intentions,</quote> Piya said. <quote>We need " +"materials where you can push play and they will work.</quote>" msgstr "" "TeachAIDS emplea trabajadores de tiempo completo, contratistas, y " "voluntarios, todos en diferentes cargos y configuraciones organizacionales. " @@ -17497,18 +19777,30 @@ msgstr "" "y que funcionen.\"" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8871 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8905 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Piya’s team was able to produce all of these versions over several years " +#| "with a head count that never exceeded eight full-time employees. The " +#| "organization is able to reduce costs by relying heavily on volunteers and " +#| "in-kind donations. Nevertheless, the nonprofit needed a sustainable " +#| "revenue model to subsidize content creation and physical distribution of " +#| "the materials. Charging even a low price was simply not an option. " +#| "“Educators from various nonprofits around the world were just creating " +#| "their own materials using whatever they could find for free online,” " +#| "Shuman said. “The only way to persuade them to use our highly effective " +#| "model was to make it completely free.”" msgid "" "Piya’s team was able to produce all of these versions over several years " "with a head count that never exceeded eight full-time employees. The " "organization is able to reduce costs by relying heavily on volunteers and in-" "kind donations. Nevertheless, the nonprofit needed a sustainable revenue " "model to subsidize content creation and physical distribution of the " -"materials. Charging even a low price was simply not an option. “Educators " -"from various nonprofits around the world were just creating their own " -"materials using whatever they could find for free online,” Shuman said. “The " -"only way to persuade them to use our highly effective model was to make it " -"completely free.”" +"materials. Charging even a low price was simply not an option. " +"<quote>Educators from various nonprofits around the world were just creating " +"their own materials using whatever they could find for free online,</quote> " +"Shuman said. <quote>The only way to persuade them to use our highly " +"effective model was to make it completely free.</quote>" msgstr "" "El equipo de Piya fue capaz de producir todas estas versiones a través de " "varios años con un número de personal que nunca excedió los ocho empleados " @@ -17524,7 +19816,7 @@ msgstr "" "completamente gratuito.\"" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8884 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8918 msgid "" "Like many content creators offering their work for free, they settled on " "advertising as a funding model. But they were extremely careful not to let " @@ -17546,15 +19838,24 @@ msgstr "" "educativo. Todo el contenido permanece con la marca de TeachAIDS." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8895 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8929 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "TeachAIDS is careful not to seek funding to cover the costs of a specific " +#| "project. Instead, sponsorships are structured as unrestricted donations " +#| "to the nonprofit. This gives the nonprofit more stability, but even more " +#| "importantly, it enables them to subsidize projects being localized for an " +#| "area with no sponsors. “If we just created versions based on where we " +#| "could get sponsorships, we would only have materials for wealthier " +#| "countries,” Shuman said." msgid "" "TeachAIDS is careful not to seek funding to cover the costs of a specific " "project. Instead, sponsorships are structured as unrestricted donations to " "the nonprofit. This gives the nonprofit more stability, but even more " "importantly, it enables them to subsidize projects being localized for an " -"area with no sponsors. “If we just created versions based on where we could " -"get sponsorships, we would only have materials for wealthier countries,” " -"Shuman said." +"area with no sponsors. <quote>If we just created versions based on where we " +"could get sponsorships, we would only have materials for wealthier countries," +"</quote> Shuman said." msgstr "" "TeachAIDS es cuidadoso de no buscar financiamiento para cubrir los costos de " "un proyecto específico. En vez de eso, los patrocinios están estructurados " @@ -17566,18 +19867,30 @@ msgstr "" "comentó Shuman." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8905 -msgid "" -"As of 2016, TeachAIDS has dozens of sponsors. “When we go into a new " -"country, various companies hear about us and reach out to us,” Piya said. " -"“We don’t have to do much to find or attract them.” They believe the " -"sponsorships are easy to sell because they offer so much value to sponsors. " -"TeachAIDS sponsorships give corporations the chance to reach new eyeballs " -"with their brand, but at a much lower cost than other advertising channels. " -"The audience for TeachAIDS content also tends to skew young, which is often " -"a desirable demographic for brands. Unlike traditional advertising, the " -"content is not time-sensitive, so an investment in a sponsorship can benefit " -"a brand for many years to come." +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8939 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "As of 2016, TeachAIDS has dozens of sponsors. “When we go into a new " +#| "country, various companies hear about us and reach out to us,” Piya said. " +#| "“We don’t have to do much to find or attract them.” They believe the " +#| "sponsorships are easy to sell because they offer so much value to " +#| "sponsors. TeachAIDS sponsorships give corporations the chance to reach " +#| "new eyeballs with their brand, but at a much lower cost than other " +#| "advertising channels. The audience for TeachAIDS content also tends to " +#| "skew young, which is often a desirable demographic for brands. Unlike " +#| "traditional advertising, the content is not time-sensitive, so an " +#| "investment in a sponsorship can benefit a brand for many years to come." +msgid "" +"As of 2016, TeachAIDS has dozens of sponsors. <quote>When we go into a new " +"country, various companies hear about us and reach out to us,</quote> Piya " +"said. <quote>We don’t have to do much to find or attract them.</quote> They " +"believe the sponsorships are easy to sell because they offer so much value " +"to sponsors. TeachAIDS sponsorships give corporations the chance to reach " +"new eyeballs with their brand, but at a much lower cost than other " +"advertising channels. The audience for TeachAIDS content also tends to skew " +"young, which is often a desirable demographic for brands. Unlike traditional " +"advertising, the content is not time-sensitive, so an investment in a " +"sponsorship can benefit a brand for many years to come." msgstr "" "A partir del 2016, TeachAIDS ha tenido docenas de patrocinadores. \"Cuando " "vamos a un nuevo país, varias compañías escuchan de nosotros y se acercan,\" " @@ -17593,14 +19906,22 @@ msgstr "" "venir." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8918 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8953 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Importantly, the value to corporate sponsors goes beyond commercial " +#| "considerations. As a nonprofit with a clearly articulated social mission, " +#| "corporate sponsorships are donations to a cause. “This is something " +#| "companies can be proud of internally,” Shuman said. Some companies have " +#| "even built publicity campaigns around the fact that they have sponsored " +#| "these initiatives." msgid "" "Importantly, the value to corporate sponsors goes beyond commercial " "considerations. As a nonprofit with a clearly articulated social mission, " -"corporate sponsorships are donations to a cause. “This is something " -"companies can be proud of internally,” Shuman said. Some companies have even " -"built publicity campaigns around the fact that they have sponsored these " -"initiatives." +"corporate sponsorships are donations to a cause. <quote>This is something " +"companies can be proud of internally,</quote> Shuman said. Some companies " +"have even built publicity campaigns around the fact that they have sponsored " +"these initiatives." msgstr "" "Importantemente, el valor para los patrocinadores corporativos va más allá " "de las consideraciones comerciales. Como una entidad no lucrativa con una " @@ -17611,14 +19932,22 @@ msgstr "" "estas iniciativas." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8927 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8962 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "The core mission of TeachAIDS—ensuring global access to life-saving " +#| "education—is at the root of everything the organization does. It " +#| "underpins the work; it motivates the funders. The CC license on the " +#| "materials they create furthers that mission, allowing them to safely and " +#| "quickly scale their materials worldwide. “The Creative Commons license " +#| "has been a game changer for TeachAIDS,” Piya said." msgid "" "The core mission of TeachAIDS—ensuring global access to life-saving education" "—is at the root of everything the organization does. It underpins the work; " "it motivates the funders. The CC license on the materials they create " "furthers that mission, allowing them to safely and quickly scale their " -"materials worldwide. “The Creative Commons license has been a game changer " -"for TeachAIDS,” Piya said." +"materials worldwide. <quote>The Creative Commons license has been a game " +"changer for TeachAIDS,</quote> Piya said." msgstr "" "El núcleo de la misión de TeachAIDS—asegurar acceso global a educación que " "protege la vida—está en la raíz de todo lo que la organización realiza. Esto " @@ -17629,12 +19958,12 @@ msgstr "" "comentó Piya." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8937 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8972 msgid "Tribe of Noise" msgstr "Tribe of Noise" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8940 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8975 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise is a for-profit online music platform serving the film, TV, " "video, gaming, and in-store-media industries. Founded in 2008 in the " @@ -17645,26 +19974,28 @@ msgstr "" "fundada en 2008 en los Países Bajos (Holanda)." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8945 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8980 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.tribeofnoise.com\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://www.tribeofnoise.com\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8950 -#| msgid "Interview date: January 26, 2016" +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8985 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: January 26, 2016" -msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Fecha de la entrevista</emphasis>: 26 de enero, 2016" +msgstr "" +"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Fecha de la entrevista</emphasis>: 26 de enero, " +"2016" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8953 -#| msgid "Interviewee: Hessel van Oorschot, cofounder" +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8988 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Hessel van Oorschot, " "cofounder" -msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Entrevistado</emphasis>: Hessel van Oorschot, cofundador" +msgstr "" +"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Entrevistado</emphasis>: Hessel van Oorschot, " +"cofundador" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8961 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8996 msgid "" "In the early 2000s, Hessel van Oorschot was an entrepreneur running a " "business where he coached other midsize entrepreneurs how to create an " @@ -17682,7 +20013,7 @@ msgstr "" "incluyendo el uso de software de fuentes abiertas y Creative Commons." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8970 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9005 msgid "" "In 2005, Hessel and Sandra Brandenburg launched a niche video-production " "initiative. Almost immediately, they ran into issues around finding and " @@ -17702,15 +20033,24 @@ msgstr "" "suficientemente fácil de encontrar." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8980 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9015 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "They hired two lawyers to investigate further, and while they uncovered " +#| "five or six examples, Hessel found the business models lacking. The " +#| "lawyers expressed interest in being their legal team should they decide " +#| "to pursue this as an entrepreneurial opportunity. Hessel says, “When " +#| "lawyers are interested in a venture like this, you might have something " +#| "special.” So after some more research, in early 2008, Hessel and Sandra " +#| "decided to build a platform." msgid "" "They hired two lawyers to investigate further, and while they uncovered five " "or six examples, Hessel found the business models lacking. The lawyers " "expressed interest in being their legal team should they decide to pursue " -"this as an entrepreneurial opportunity. Hessel says, “When lawyers are " -"interested in a venture like this, you might have something special.” So " -"after some more research, in early 2008, Hessel and Sandra decided to build " -"a platform." +"this as an entrepreneurial opportunity. Hessel says, <quote>When lawyers are " +"interested in a venture like this, you might have something special.</quote> " +"So after some more research, in early 2008, Hessel and Sandra decided to " +"build a platform." msgstr "" "Contrataron a dos abogados para investigar a mayor profundidad, y si bien " "encontraron cinco o seis ejemplos, Hessel encontró que los modelos de " @@ -17722,7 +20062,7 @@ msgstr "" "Sandra se decidieron a construir una plataforma." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8990 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9025 msgid "" "Building a platform posed a real chicken-and-egg problem. The platform had " "to build an online community of music-rights holders and, at the same time, " @@ -17738,7 +20078,7 @@ msgstr "" "negocio musicales requiere de una relación de confianza." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8997 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9032 msgid "" "In July 2008, Tribe of Noise opened its virtual doors with a couple hundred " "musicians willing to use the CC BY-SA license (Attribution-ShareAlike) for a " @@ -17754,12 +20094,12 @@ msgstr "" "personalmente para encontrar dicha música." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9012 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9047 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.instoremusicservice.com\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://www.instoremusicservice.com\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9005 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9040 msgid "" "As they were growing the community, Hessel got a phone call from a company " "that made in-store music playlists asking if they had enough music licensed " @@ -17781,7 +20121,26 @@ msgstr "" "músicos de Tribe of Noise.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9015 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9050 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "In most countries, artists, authors, and musicians join a collecting " +#| "society that manages the licensing and helps collect the royalties. " +#| "Copyright collecting societies in the European Union usually hold " +#| "monopolies in their respective national markets. In addition, they " +#| "require their members to transfer exclusive administration rights to them " +#| "of all of their works. This complicates the picture for Tribe of Noise, " +#| "who wants to represent artists, or at least a portion of their " +#| "repertoire. Hessel and his legal team reached out to collecting " +#| "societies, starting with those in the Netherlands. What would be the best " +#| "legal way forward that would respect the wishes of composers and " +#| "musicians who’d be interested in trying out new models like the In-store " +#| "Music Service? Collecting societies at first were hesitant and said no, " +#| "but Tribe of Noise persisted arguing that they primarily work with " +#| "unknown artists and provide them exposure in parts of the world where " +#| "they don’t get airtime normally and a source of revenue—and this " +#| "convinced them that it was OK. However, Hessel says, “We are still " +#| "fighting for a good cause every single day.”" msgid "" "In most countries, artists, authors, and musicians join a collecting society " "that manages the licensing and helps collect the royalties. Copyright " @@ -17797,8 +20156,8 @@ msgid "" "hesitant and said no, but Tribe of Noise persisted arguing that they " "primarily work with unknown artists and provide them exposure in parts of " "the world where they don’t get airtime normally and a source of revenue—and " -"this convinced them that it was OK. However, Hessel says, “We are still " -"fighting for a good cause every single day.”" +"this convinced them that it was OK. However, Hessel says, <quote>We are " +"still fighting for a good cause every single day.</quote>" msgstr "" "En la mayor parte de los países, los artistas, autores y músicos se unen a " "una sociedad recaudatoria que gestiona el licenciamiento y ayuda a cobrar " @@ -17820,7 +20179,19 @@ msgstr "" "”Seguimos luchando por una buena causa todos los días.”" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9036 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9071 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Instead of building a large sales force, Tribe of Noise partnered with " +#| "big organizations who have lots of clients and can act as a kind of Tribe " +#| "of Noise reseller. The largest telecom network in the Netherlands, for " +#| "example, sells Tribe’s In-store Music Service subscriptions to their " +#| "business clients, which include fashion retailers and fitness centers. " +#| "They have a similar deal with the leading trade association representing " +#| "hotels and restaurants in the country. Hessel hopes to “copy and paste” " +#| "this service into other countries where collecting societies understand " +#| "what you can do with Creative Commons. Outside of the Netherlands, early " +#| "adoptions have happened in Scandinavia, Belgium, and the U.S." msgid "" "Instead of building a large sales force, Tribe of Noise partnered with big " "organizations who have lots of clients and can act as a kind of Tribe of " @@ -17828,10 +20199,10 @@ msgid "" "sells Tribe’s In-store Music Service subscriptions to their business " "clients, which include fashion retailers and fitness centers. They have a " "similar deal with the leading trade association representing hotels and " -"restaurants in the country. Hessel hopes to “copy and paste” this service " -"into other countries where collecting societies understand what you can do " -"with Creative Commons. Outside of the Netherlands, early adoptions have " -"happened in Scandinavia, Belgium, and the U.S." +"restaurants in the country. Hessel hopes to <quote>copy and paste</quote> " +"this service into other countries where collecting societies understand what " +"you can do with Creative Commons. Outside of the Netherlands, early " +"adoptions have happened in Scandinavia, Belgium, and the U.S." msgstr "" "En vez de construir una fuerza de ventas más grande, Tribe of Noise se alió " "con las grandes organizaciones que tienen muchos clientes y pueden actuar " @@ -17847,7 +20218,7 @@ msgstr "" "Estados Unidos." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9049 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9085 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise doesn’t pay the musicians up front; they get paid when their " "music ends up in Tribe of Noise’s in-store music channels. The musicians’ " @@ -17863,12 +20234,12 @@ msgstr "" "es como presentan el ejemplo en su sitio Web:" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9065 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9101 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.tribeofnoise.com/info_instoremusic.php\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://www.tribeofnoise.com/info_instoremusic.php\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9057 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9093 msgid "" "A few of your songs [licensed with CC BY-SA], for example five in total, are " "selected for a bespoke in-store music channel broadcasting at a large " @@ -17890,7 +20261,7 @@ msgstr "" "0.142 = US$73 por mes.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9068 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9104 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise has another model that does not involve Creative Commons. In " "a survey with members, most said they liked the exposure using Creative " @@ -17910,15 +20281,25 @@ msgstr "" "impediría volverse ricos por las ventas de dicha canción." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9079 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9115 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Hessel’s legal team took this feedback and created a second model and " +#| "separate area of the platform called Tribe of Noise Pro. Songs uploaded " +#| "to Tribe of Noise Pro aren’t Creative Commons licensed; Tribe of Noise " +#| "has instead created a “nonexclusive exploitation” contract, similar to a " +#| "Creative Commons license but allowing musicians to opt out whenever they " +#| "want. When you opt out, Tribe of Noise agrees to take your music off the " +#| "Tribe of Noise platform within one to two months. This lets the musician " +#| "reuse their song for a better deal." msgid "" "Hessel’s legal team took this feedback and created a second model and " "separate area of the platform called Tribe of Noise Pro. Songs uploaded to " "Tribe of Noise Pro aren’t Creative Commons licensed; Tribe of Noise has " -"instead created a “nonexclusive exploitation” contract, similar to a " -"Creative Commons license but allowing musicians to opt out whenever they " -"want. When you opt out, Tribe of Noise agrees to take your music off the " -"Tribe of Noise platform within one to two months. This lets the musician " +"instead created a <quote>nonexclusive exploitation</quote> contract, similar " +"to a Creative Commons license but allowing musicians to opt out whenever " +"they want. When you opt out, Tribe of Noise agrees to take your music off " +"the Tribe of Noise platform within one to two months. This lets the musician " "reuse their song for a better deal." msgstr "" "El equipo legal de Hesse obtuvo esta retroalimentación y creó un segundo " @@ -17932,7 +20313,7 @@ msgstr "" "en un posible mejor acuerdo." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9090 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9126 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise Pro is primarily geared toward media makers who are looking " "for music. If they buy a license from this catalog, they don’t have to state " @@ -17949,7 +20330,7 @@ msgstr "" "limpios." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9098 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9134 msgid "" "Lots of Tribe of Noise musicians upload songs to both Tribe of Noise Pro and " "the community area of Tribe of Noises. There aren’t that many artists who " @@ -17962,7 +20343,7 @@ msgstr "" "repertorio musical que el área comunitaria." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9104 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9140 msgid "" "Hessel sees the two as complementary. Both are needed for the model to work. " "With a whole generation of musicians interested in the sharing economy, the " @@ -17978,7 +20359,7 @@ msgstr "" "explorar otros modelos como el de Tribe of Noise Pro." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9112 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9148 msgid "" "Every musician who joins Tribe of Noise gets their own home page and free " "unlimited Web space to upload as much of their own music as they like. Tribe " @@ -18000,7 +20381,7 @@ msgstr "" "la plataforma que genuinamente se involucran con ellos." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9123 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9159 msgid "" "Another way Tribe of Noise creates community and interest is with contests, " "which are organized in partnership with Tribe of Noise clients. The client " @@ -18019,7 +20400,7 @@ msgstr "" "necesidad." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9133 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9169 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise now has twenty-seven thousand members from 192 countries, and " "many are exploring do-it-yourself models for generating revenue. Some came " @@ -18044,7 +20425,7 @@ msgstr "" "ASCAP o BMI." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9145 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9181 msgid "" "It’s not uncommon for performance-rights organizations, record labels, or " "music publishers to sign contracts with musicians based on exclusivity. Such " @@ -18076,7 +20457,7 @@ msgstr "" "sin tener que enfrentar batallas legales." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9162 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9198 msgid "" "For Hessel the key to Tribe of Noise’s success is trust. The fact that " "Creative Commons licenses work the same way all over the world and have been " @@ -18098,12 +20479,12 @@ msgstr "" "basado en la confianza." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9174 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9210 msgid "Wikimedia Foundation" msgstr "Fundación Wikimedia" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9177 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9213 msgid "" "The Wikimedia Foundation is the nonprofit organization that hosts Wikipedia " "and its sister projects. Founded in 2003 in the U.S." @@ -18112,23 +20493,24 @@ msgstr "" "Wikipedia y sus proyectos hermanos. Fundada en 2003 en los E.U.A." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9182 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9218 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://wikimediafoundation.org\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://wikimediafoundation.org\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9184 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9220 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: donations" msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Modelo de ganancia</emphasis>: donations" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9186 -#| msgid "Interview date: December 18, 2015" +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9222 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: December 18, 2015" -msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Fecha de la entrevista</emphasis>: 18 de diciembre, 2015" +msgstr "" +"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Fecha de la entrevista</emphasis>: 18 de " +"diciembre, 2015" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9189 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9225 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: Luis Villa, former Chief " "Officer of Community Engagement, and Stephen LaPorte, legal counsel" @@ -18137,12 +20519,12 @@ msgstr "" "de Compromiso Comunitario, y Stephen LaPorte, asesor legal" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9198 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9234 msgid "Nearly every person with an online presence knows Wikipedia." msgstr "Casi cualquier persona con una presencia enlinea conoce la Wikipedia." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9201 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9237 msgid "" "In many ways, it is the preeminent open project: The online encyclopedia is " "created entirely by volunteers. Anyone in the world can edit the articles. " @@ -18157,7 +20539,7 @@ msgstr "" "permite a las personas reusarlo y adaptarlo para cualquier propósito." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9209 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9245 msgid "" "As of December 2016, there were more than forty-two million articles in the " "295 language editions of the online encyclopedia, according to—what else?—" @@ -18168,7 +20550,7 @@ msgstr "" "el artículo de la Wikipedia acerca de la Wikipedia." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9214 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9250 msgid "" "The Wikimedia Foundation is a U.S.-based nonprofit organization that owns " "the Wikipedia domain name and hosts the site, along with many other related " @@ -18196,10 +20578,16 @@ msgstr "" "no estan conectados con alguna organización en partícular." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9228 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9264 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "As Wikimedia legal counsel Stephen LaPorte told us, “There is a common " +#| "saying that Wikipedia works in practice but not in theory.” While it " +#| "undoubtedly has its challenges and flaws, Wikipedia and its sister " +#| "projects are a striking testament to the power of human collaboration." msgid "" -"As Wikimedia legal counsel Stephen LaPorte told us, “There is a common " -"saying that Wikipedia works in practice but not in theory.” While it " +"As Wikimedia legal counsel Stephen LaPorte told us, <quote>There is a common " +"saying that Wikipedia works in practice but not in theory.</quote> While it " "undoubtedly has its challenges and flaws, Wikipedia and its sister projects " "are a striking testament to the power of human collaboration." msgstr "" @@ -18210,7 +20598,7 @@ msgstr "" "humana." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9235 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9271 msgid "" "Because of its extraordinary breadth and scope, it does feel a bit like a " "unicorn. Indeed, there is nothing else like Wikipedia. Still, much of what " @@ -18227,7 +20615,7 @@ msgstr "" "simplemente todo ocurre a una escala sin precedentes." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9244 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9280 msgid "" "The story of Wikipedia has been told many times. For our purposes, it is " "enough to know the experiment started in 2001 at a small scale, inspired by " @@ -18251,26 +20639,47 @@ msgstr "" "hechas cada hora." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9256 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9292 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "The nature of the content the community creates is ideal for asynchronous " +#| "cocreation. “An encyclopedia is something where incremental community " +#| "improvement really works,” Luis Villa, former Chief Officer of Community " +#| "Engagement, told us. The rules and processes that govern cocreation on " +#| "Wikipedia and its sister projects are all community-driven and vary by " +#| "language edition. There are entire books written on the intricacies of " +#| "their systems, but generally speaking, there are very few exceptions to " +#| "the rule that anyone can edit any article, even without an account on " +#| "their system. The extensive peer-review process includes elaborate " +#| "systems to resolve disputes, methods for managing particularly " +#| "controversial subject areas, talk pages explaining decisions, and much, " +#| "much more. The Wikimedia Foundation’s decision to leave governance of the " +#| "projects to the community is very deliberate. “We look at the things that " +#| "the community can do well, and we want to let them do those things,” " +#| "Stephen told us. Instead, the foundation focuses its time and resources " +#| "on what the community cannot do as effectively, like the software " +#| "engineering that supports the technical infrastructure of the sites. In " +#| "2015-16, about half of the foundation’s budget went to direct support for " +#| "the Wikimedia sites." msgid "" "The nature of the content the community creates is ideal for asynchronous " -"cocreation. “An encyclopedia is something where incremental community " -"improvement really works,” Luis Villa, former Chief Officer of Community " -"Engagement, told us. The rules and processes that govern cocreation on " -"Wikipedia and its sister projects are all community-driven and vary by " -"language edition. There are entire books written on the intricacies of " -"their systems, but generally speaking, there are very few exceptions to the " -"rule that anyone can edit any article, even without an account on their " +"cocreation. <quote>An encyclopedia is something where incremental community " +"improvement really works,</quote> Luis Villa, former Chief Officer of " +"Community Engagement, told us. The rules and processes that govern " +"cocreation on Wikipedia and its sister projects are all community-driven and " +"vary by language edition. There are entire books written on the intricacies " +"of their systems, but generally speaking, there are very few exceptions to " +"the rule that anyone can edit any article, even without an account on their " "system. The extensive peer-review process includes elaborate systems to " "resolve disputes, methods for managing particularly controversial subject " "areas, talk pages explaining decisions, and much, much more. The Wikimedia " "Foundation’s decision to leave governance of the projects to the community " -"is very deliberate. “We look at the things that the community can do well, " -"and we want to let them do those things,” Stephen told us. Instead, the " -"foundation focuses its time and resources on what the community cannot do as " -"effectively, like the software engineering that supports the technical " -"infrastructure of the sites. In 2015-16, about half of the foundation’s " -"budget went to direct support for the Wikimedia sites." +"is very deliberate. <quote>We look at the things that the community can do " +"well, and we want to let them do those things,</quote> Stephen told us. " +"Instead, the foundation focuses its time and resources on what the community " +"cannot do as effectively, like the software engineering that supports the " +"technical infrastructure of the sites. In 2015-16, about half of the " +"foundation’s budget went to direct support for the Wikimedia sites." msgstr "" "La naturaleza del contenido que la comunidad crea es ideal para la creación " "conjunta. «Una enciclopedia es algo en donde las mejoras incrementales " @@ -18294,19 +20703,34 @@ msgstr "" "Wikimedia." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9279 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9316 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Some of that is directed at servers and general IT support, but the " +#| "foundation also invests a significant amount on architecture designed to " +#| "help the site function as effectively as possible. “There is a " +#| "constantly evolving system to keep the balance in place to avoid " +#| "Wikipedia becoming the world’s biggest graffiti wall,” Luis said. " +#| "Depending on how you measure it, somewhere between 90 to 98 percent of " +#| "edits to Wikipedia are positive. Some portion of that success is " +#| "attributable to the tools Wikimedia has in place to try to incentivize " +#| "good actors. “The secret to having any healthy community is bringing back " +#| "the right people,” Luis said. “Vandals tend to get bored and go away. " +#| "That is partially our model working, and partially just human nature.” " +#| "Most of the time, people want to do the right thing." msgid "" "Some of that is directed at servers and general IT support, but the " "foundation also invests a significant amount on architecture designed to " -"help the site function as effectively as possible. “There is a constantly " -"evolving system to keep the balance in place to avoid Wikipedia becoming the " -"world’s biggest graffiti wall,” Luis said. Depending on how you measure it, " -"somewhere between 90 to 98 percent of edits to Wikipedia are positive. Some " -"portion of that success is attributable to the tools Wikimedia has in place " -"to try to incentivize good actors. “The secret to having any healthy " -"community is bringing back the right people,” Luis said. “Vandals tend to " -"get bored and go away. That is partially our model working, and partially " -"just human nature.” Most of the time, people want to do the right thing." +"help the site function as effectively as possible. <quote>There is a " +"constantly evolving system to keep the balance in place to avoid Wikipedia " +"becoming the world’s biggest graffiti wall,</quote> Luis said. Depending on " +"how you measure it, somewhere between 90 to 98 percent of edits to Wikipedia " +"are positive. Some portion of that success is attributable to the tools " +"Wikimedia has in place to try to incentivize good actors. <quote>The secret " +"to having any healthy community is bringing back the right people,</quote> " +"Luis said. <quote>Vandals tend to get bored and go away. That is partially " +"our model working, and partially just human nature.</quote> Most of the " +"time, people want to do the right thing." msgstr "" "Algo de eso se dirige a los servidores y al soporte IT general, pero la " "fundación también invierte una cantidad significativa en diseño de " @@ -18323,7 +20747,18 @@ msgstr "" "tiempo, la gente quiere hacer lo correcto." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9294 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9332 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Wikipedia not only relies on good behavior within its community and on " +#| "its sites, but also by everyone else once the content leaves Wikipedia. " +#| "All of the text of Wikipedia is available under an Attribution-ShareAlike " +#| "license (CC BY-SA), which means it can be used for any purpose and " +#| "modified so long as credit is given and anything new is shared back with " +#| "the public under the same license. In theory, that means anyone can copy " +#| "the content and start a new Wikipedia. But as Stephen explained, “Being " +#| "open has only made Wikipedia bigger and stronger. The desire to protect " +#| "is not always what is best for everyone.”" msgid "" "Wikipedia not only relies on good behavior within its community and on its " "sites, but also by everyone else once the content leaves Wikipedia. All of " @@ -18331,9 +20766,9 @@ msgid "" "(CC BY-SA), which means it can be used for any purpose and modified so long " "as credit is given and anything new is shared back with the public under the " "same license. In theory, that means anyone can copy the content and start a " -"new Wikipedia. But as Stephen explained, “Being open has only made Wikipedia " -"bigger and stronger. The desire to protect is not always what is best for " -"everyone.”" +"new Wikipedia. But as Stephen explained, <quote>Being open has only made " +"Wikipedia bigger and stronger. The desire to protect is not always what is " +"best for everyone.</quote>" msgstr "" "Wikipedia no solo se basa en el buen comportamiento dentro de su comunidad y " "en sus sitios, sino tambien en todos los demas una vez que el contenido deja " @@ -18347,7 +20782,7 @@ msgstr "" "siempre lo mejor para todos.»" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9318 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9356 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://gimletmedia.com/episode/14-the-art-of-making-and-fixing-" "mistakes/\"/>" @@ -18356,7 +20791,24 @@ msgstr "" "mistakes/\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9306 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9344 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Of course, the primary reason no one has successfully co-opted Wikipedia " +#| "is that copycat efforts do not have the Wikipedia community to sustain " +#| "what they do. Wikipedia is not simply a source of up-to-the-minute " +#| "content on every given topic—it is also a global patchwork of humans " +#| "working together in a million different ways, in a million different " +#| "capacities, for a million different reasons. While many have tried to " +#| "guess what makes Wikipedia work as well it does, the fact is there is no " +#| "single explanation. “In a movement as large as ours, there is an " +#| "incredible diversity of motivations,” Stephen said. For example, there is " +#| "one editor of the English Wikipedia edition who has corrected a single " +#| "grammatical error in articles more than forty-eight thousand times." +#| "<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Only a fraction of Wikipedia " +#| "users are also editors. But editing is not the only way to contribute to " +#| "Wikipedia. “Some donate text, some donate images, some donate " +#| "financially,” Stephen told us. “They are all contributors.”" msgid "" "Of course, the primary reason no one has successfully co-opted Wikipedia is " "that copycat efforts do not have the Wikipedia community to sustain what " @@ -18365,14 +20817,14 @@ msgid "" "in a million different ways, in a million different capacities, for a " "million different reasons. While many have tried to guess what makes " "Wikipedia work as well it does, the fact is there is no single explanation. " -"“In a movement as large as ours, there is an incredible diversity of " -"motivations,” Stephen said. For example, there is one editor of the English " -"Wikipedia edition who has corrected a single grammatical error in articles " -"more than forty-eight thousand times.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/" -"> Only a fraction of Wikipedia users are also editors. But editing is not " -"the only way to contribute to Wikipedia. “Some donate text, some donate " -"images, some donate financially,” Stephen told us. “They are all " -"contributors.”" +"<quote>In a movement as large as ours, there is an incredible diversity of " +"motivations,</quote> Stephen said. For example, there is one editor of the " +"English Wikipedia edition who has corrected a single grammatical error in " +"articles more than forty-eight thousand times.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " +"id=\"0\"/> Only a fraction of Wikipedia users are also editors. But editing " +"is not the only way to contribute to Wikipedia. <quote>Some donate text, " +"some donate images, some donate financially,</quote> Stephen told us. " +"<quote>They are all contributors.</quote>" msgstr "" "Por supuesto, la principal razón por la que nadie ha cooptado exitosamente a " "Wikipedia es que los esfuerzos de los imitadores no tienen a la comunidad de " @@ -18392,7 +20844,7 @@ msgstr "" "comentó Stephen. «Todos son contribuyentes.»" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9324 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9363 msgid "" "But the vast majority of us who use Wikipedia are not contributors; we are " "passive readers. The Wikimedia Foundation survives primarily on individual " @@ -18411,7 +20863,7 @@ msgstr "" "$77 millones de más de cinco millones de donadores." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9334 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9373 msgid "" "The foundation has a fund-raising team that works year-round to raise money, " "but the bulk of their revenue comes in during the December campaign in " @@ -18431,7 +20883,7 @@ msgstr "" "retornen. Cada poco ayuda. Con las suficientes miradas, ellos estan bien." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9345 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9384 msgid "" "The vision of the Wikimedia Foundation is a world in which every single " "human being can freely share in the sum of all knowledge. They work to " @@ -18450,7 +20902,7 @@ msgstr "" "que hace la fundación." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9354 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9393 msgid "" "The philosophy behind the endeavor also enables the foundation to be " "financially sustainable. It instills trust in their readership, which is " @@ -18463,12 +20915,18 @@ msgstr "" "lectores. También infunde confianza en su comunidad." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9360 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9399 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Any given edit on Wikipedia could be motivated by nearly an infinite " +#| "number of reasons. But the social mission of the project is what binds " +#| "the global community together. “Wikipedia is an example of how a mission " +#| "can motivate an entire movement,” Stephen told us." msgid "" "Any given edit on Wikipedia could be motivated by nearly an infinite number " "of reasons. But the social mission of the project is what binds the global " -"community together. “Wikipedia is an example of how a mission can motivate " -"an entire movement,” Stephen told us." +"community together. <quote>Wikipedia is an example of how a mission can " +"motivate an entire movement,</quote> Stephen told us." msgstr "" "Cualquier edición en la Wikipedia podría estar motivada por casi un número " "infinito de razones. Pero la misión social del proyecto es lo que ata a la " @@ -18476,12 +20934,19 @@ msgstr "" "motivar un movimiento entero,» Stephen nos comentó." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9367 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9406 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Of course, what results from that movement is one of the Internet’s great " +#| "public resources. “The Internet has a lot of businesses and stores, but " +#| "it is missing the digital equivalent of parks and open public spaces,” " +#| "Stephen said. “Wikipedia has found a way to be that open public space.”" msgid "" "Of course, what results from that movement is one of the Internet’s great " -"public resources. “The Internet has a lot of businesses and stores, but it " -"is missing the digital equivalent of parks and open public spaces,” Stephen " -"said. “Wikipedia has found a way to be that open public space.”" +"public resources. <quote>The Internet has a lot of businesses and stores, " +"but it is missing the digital equivalent of parks and open public spaces,</" +"quote> Stephen said. <quote>Wikipedia has found a way to be that open " +"public space.</quote>" msgstr "" "Por supuesto, el resultado de ese movimiento es uno de los grandes recursos " "públicos de Internet. «La Internet tiene un monton de negocios y tiendas, " @@ -18490,12 +20955,12 @@ msgstr "" "público abierto.»" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9376 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9416 msgid "Bibliography" msgstr "Bibliografía" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9378 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9418 msgid "" "Alperovitz, Gar. What Then Must We Do? Straight Talk about the Next American " "Revolution; Democratizing Wealth and Building a Community-Sustaining Economy " @@ -18506,7 +20971,7 @@ msgstr "" "from the Ground Up. White River Junction, VT: Chelsea Green, 2013." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9384 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9424 msgid "" "Anderson, Chris. Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by Giving " "Something for Nothing, reprint with new preface. New York: Hyperion, 2010." @@ -18516,23 +20981,27 @@ msgstr "" "2010." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9389 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9429 msgid "———. Makers: The New Industrial Revolution. New York: Signal, 2012." msgstr "" "Chris Anderson. Makers: The New Industrial Revolution. New York: Signal, " "2012." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9392 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9432 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Ariely, Dan. Predictably Irrational: The Hidden Forces That Shape Our " +#| "Decisions. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Perennial, 2010." msgid "" "Ariely, Dan. Predictably Irrational: The Hidden Forces That Shape Our " -"Decisions. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Perennial, 2010." +"Decisions. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Perennial, 2010." msgstr "" "Ariely, Dan. Predictably Irrational: The Hidden Forces That Shape Our " "Decisions. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Perennial, 2010." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9396 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9436 msgid "" "Bacon, Jono. The Art of Community. 2nd ed. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, " "2012." @@ -18541,7 +21010,7 @@ msgstr "" "2012." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9400 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9440 msgid "" "Benkler, Yochai. The Wealth of Networks: How Social Production Transforms " "Markets and Freedom. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2006. <ulink url=" @@ -18549,12 +21018,12 @@ msgid "" "CC BY-NC-SA)." msgstr "" "Benkler, Yochai. The Wealth of Networks: How Social Production Transforms " -"Markets and Freedom. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2006. <ulink url=\"" -"http://www.benkler.org/Benkler_Wealth_Of_Networks.pdf\"/> (licenciado bajo " +"Markets and Freedom. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2006. <ulink url=" +"\"http://www.benkler.org/Benkler_Wealth_Of_Networks.pdf\"/> (licenciado bajo " "CC BY-NC-SA)." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9407 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9447 msgid "" "Benyayer, Louis-David, ed. Open Models: Business Models of the Open Economy. " "Cachan, France: Without Model, 2016. <ulink url=\"http://www.slideshare.net/" @@ -18565,7 +21034,7 @@ msgstr "" "net/WithoutModel/open-models-book-64463892\"/> (licenciado bajo CC BY-SA)." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9413 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9453 msgid "" "Bollier, David. Commoning as a Transformative Social Paradigm. Paper " "commissioned by the Next Systems Project. Washington, DC: Democracy " @@ -18574,11 +21043,11 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" "Bollier, David. Commoning as a Transformative Social Paradigm. Artículo " "escrito bajo encargo del Next Systems Project. Washington, DC: Democracy " -"Collaborative, 2016. <ulink url=\"http://thenextsystem.org/" -"commoning-as-a-transformative-social-paradigm/\"/>." +"Collaborative, 2016. <ulink url=\"http://thenextsystem.org/commoning-as-a-" +"transformative-social-paradigm/\"/>." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9419 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9459 msgid "" "———. Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of the Commons. " "Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014." @@ -18587,7 +21056,7 @@ msgstr "" "the Commons. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9423 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9463 msgid "" "Bollier, David, and Pat Conaty. Democratic Money and Capital for the " "Commons: Strategies for Transforming Neoliberal Finance through Commons-" @@ -18600,13 +21069,13 @@ msgstr "" "Bollier, David y Pat Conaty. Democratic Money and Capital for the Commons: " "Strategies for Transforming Neoliberal Finance through Commons-Based " "Alternatives. Reporte en el Commons Strategies Group Workshop en cooperación " -"con la Fundación Heinrich Böll, Berlín, Alemania, 2015. <ulink url=\"" -"http://bollier.org/democratic-money-and-capital-commons-report-pdf\"/>. " -"Para mayor información, vea <ulink url=\"http://bollier.org/blog/democratic-" -"money-and-capital-commons\"/>." +"con la Fundación Heinrich Böll, Berlín, Alemania, 2015. <ulink url=\"http://" +"bollier.org/democratic-money-and-capital-commons-report-pdf\"/>. Para mayor " +"información, vea <ulink url=\"http://bollier.org/blog/democratic-money-and-" +"capital-commons\"/>." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9433 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9473 msgid "" "Bollier, David, and Silke Helfrich, eds. The Wealth of the Commons: A World " "Beyond Market and State. Amherst, MA: Levellers Press, 2012." @@ -18615,7 +21084,7 @@ msgstr "" "Beyond Market and State. Amherst, MA: Levellers Press, 2012." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9437 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9477 msgid "" "Botsman, Rachel, and Roo Rogers. What’s Mine Is Yours: The Rise of " "Collaborative Consumption. New York: Harper Business, 2010." @@ -18624,7 +21093,7 @@ msgstr "" "Collaborative Consumption. New York: Harper Business, 2010." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9441 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9481 msgid "" "Boyle, James. The Public Domain: Enclosing the Commons of the Mind. New " "Haven: Yale University Press, 2008." @@ -18633,7 +21102,7 @@ msgstr "" "Haven: Yale University Press, 2008." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9444 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9484 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.thepublicdomain.org/download/\"/> (licensed under CC " "BY-NC-SA)." @@ -18642,7 +21111,7 @@ msgstr "" "CC BY-NC-SA)." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9448 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9488 msgid "" "Capra, Fritjof, and Ugo Mattei. The Ecology of Law: Toward a Legal System in " "Tune with Nature and Community. Oakland, CA: Berrett-Koehler, 2015." @@ -18651,7 +21120,7 @@ msgstr "" "Tune with Nature and Community. Oakland, CA: Berrett-Koehler, 2015." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9453 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9493 msgid "" "Chesbrough, Henry. Open Business Models: How to Thrive in the New Innovation " "Landscape. Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 2006." @@ -18660,7 +21129,7 @@ msgstr "" "Landscape. Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 2006." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9457 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9497 msgid "" "———. Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and Profiting from " "Technology. Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2006." @@ -18669,7 +21138,7 @@ msgstr "" "Profiting from Technology. Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2006." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9461 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9501 msgid "" "City of Bologna. Regulation on Collaboration between Citizens and the City " "for the Care and Regeneration of Urban Commons. Translated by LabGov " @@ -18686,18 +21155,23 @@ msgstr "" "for-the-cure-and-regeneration-of-urban-commons1.pdf\"/>." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9468 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9508 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Cole, Daniel H. “Learning from Lin: Lessons and Cautions from the Natural " +#| "Commons for the Knowledge Commons.” Chap. 2 in Frischmann, Madison, and " +#| "Strandburg, Governing Knowledge Commons." msgid "" -"Cole, Daniel H. “Learning from Lin: Lessons and Cautions from the Natural " -"Commons for the Knowledge Commons.” Chap. 2 in Frischmann, Madison, and " -"Strandburg, Governing Knowledge Commons." +"Cole, Daniel H. <quote>Learning from Lin: Lessons and Cautions from the " +"Natural Commons for the Knowledge Commons.</quote> Chap. 2 in Frischmann, " +"Madison, and Strandburg, Governing Knowledge Commons." msgstr "" "Cole, Daniel H. “Learning from Lin: Lessons and Cautions from the Natural " "Commons for the Knowledge Commons.” Chap. 2 in Frischmann, Madison, and " "Strandburg, Governing Knowledge Commons." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9473 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9513 msgid "" "Creative Commons. 2015 State of the Commons. Mountain View, CA: Creative " "Commons, 2015. <ulink url=\"http://stateof.creativecommons.org/2015/\"/>." @@ -18706,7 +21180,7 @@ msgstr "" "Commons, 2015. <ulink url=\"http://stateof.creativecommons.org/2015/\"/>." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9478 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9518 msgid "" "Doctorow, Cory. Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: Laws for the Internet " "Age. San Francisco: McSweeney’s, 2014." @@ -18715,18 +21189,25 @@ msgstr "" "Age. San Francisco: McSweeney’s, 2014." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9482 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9522 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Eckhardt, Giana, and Fleura Bardhi. “The Sharing Economy Isn’t about " +#| "Sharing at All.” Harvard Business Review, January 28, 2015. <ulink url=" +#| "\"http://hbr.org/2015/01/the-sharing-economy-isnt-about-sharing-at-all\"/" +#| ">." msgid "" -"Eckhardt, Giana, and Fleura Bardhi. “The Sharing Economy Isn’t about Sharing " -"at All.” Harvard Business Review, January 28, 2015. <ulink url=\"http://hbr." -"org/2015/01/the-sharing-economy-isnt-about-sharing-at-all\"/>." +"Eckhardt, Giana, and Fleura Bardhi. <quote>The Sharing Economy Isn’t about " +"Sharing at All.</quote> Harvard Business Review, January 28, 2015. <ulink " +"url=\"http://hbr.org/2015/01/the-sharing-economy-isnt-about-sharing-at-all\"/" +">." msgstr "" "Eckhardt, Giana y Fleura Bardhi. “The Sharing Economy Isn’t about Sharing at " "All.” Harvard Business Review, 28 de enero, 2015. <ulink url=\"http://hbr." "org/2015/01/the-sharing-economy-isnt-about-sharing-at-all\"/>." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9487 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9528 msgid "" "Elliott, Patricia W., and Daryl H. Hepting, eds. (2015). Free Knowledge: " "Confronting the Commodification of Human Discovery. Regina, SK: University " @@ -18739,7 +21220,7 @@ msgstr "" "Knowledge\"/>." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9494 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9535 msgid "" "Eyal, Nir. Hooked: How to Build Habit-Forming Products. With Ryan Hoover. " "New York: Portfolio, 2014." @@ -18748,27 +21229,39 @@ msgstr "" "New York: Portfolio, 2014." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9498 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9539 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Farley, Joshua, and Ida Kubiszewski. “The Economics of Information in a " +#| "Post-Carbon Economy.” Chap. 11 in Elliott and Hepting, Free Knowledge." msgid "" -"Farley, Joshua, and Ida Kubiszewski. “The Economics of Information in a Post-" -"Carbon Economy.” Chap. 11 in Elliott and Hepting, Free Knowledge." +"Farley, Joshua, and Ida Kubiszewski. <quote>The Economics of Information in " +"a Post-Carbon Economy.</quote> Chap. 11 in Elliott and Hepting, Free " +"Knowledge." msgstr "" "Farley, Joshua, and Ida Kubiszewski. “The Economics of Information in a Post-" "Carbon Economy.” Cap. 11 en Elliott y Hepting, Free Knowledge." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9503 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9544 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Foster, William Landes, Peter Kim, and Barbara Christiansen. “Ten " +#| "Nonprofit Funding Models.” Stanford Social Innovation Review, Spring " +#| "2009. <ulink url=\"http://ssir.org/articles/entry/" +#| "ten_nonprofit_funding_models\"/>." msgid "" -"Foster, William Landes, Peter Kim, and Barbara Christiansen. “Ten Nonprofit " -"Funding Models.” Stanford Social Innovation Review, Spring 2009. <ulink url=" -"\"http://ssir.org/articles/entry/ten_nonprofit_funding_models\"/>." +"Foster, William Landes, Peter Kim, and Barbara Christiansen. <quote>Ten " +"Nonprofit Funding Models.</quote> Stanford Social Innovation Review, Spring " +"2009. <ulink url=\"http://ssir.org/articles/entry/" +"ten_nonprofit_funding_models\"/>." msgstr "" "Foster, William Landes, Peter Kim, y Barbara Christiansen. “Ten Nonprofit " "Funding Models.” Stanford Social Innovation Review, Spring 2009. <ulink url=" "\"http://ssir.org/articles/entry/ten_nonprofit_funding_models\"/>." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9509 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9550 msgid "" "Frischmann, Brett M. Infrastructure: The Social Value of Shared Resources. " "New York: Oxford University Press, 2012." @@ -18777,7 +21270,7 @@ msgstr "" "Nueva York: Oxford University Press, 2012." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9513 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9554 msgid "" "Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg, eds. " "Governing Knowledge Commons. New York: Oxford University Press, 2014." @@ -18786,18 +21279,23 @@ msgstr "" "Governing Knowledge Commons. Nueva York: Oxford University Press, 2014." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9518 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9559 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg. " +#| "“Governing Knowledge Commons.” Chap. 1 in Frischmann, Madison, and " +#| "Strandburg, Governing Knowledge Commons." msgid "" "Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg. " -"“Governing Knowledge Commons.” Chap. 1 in Frischmann, Madison, and " -"Strandburg, Governing Knowledge Commons." +"<quote>Governing Knowledge Commons.</quote> Chap. 1 in Frischmann, Madison, " +"and Strandburg, Governing Knowledge Commons." msgstr "" "Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, y Katherine J. Strandburg. " "“Governing Knowledge Commons.” Cap. 1 en Frischmann, Madison, y Strandburg, " "Governing Knowledge Commons." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9523 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9564 msgid "" "Gansky, Lisa. The Mesh: Why the Future of Business Is Sharing. Reprint with " "new epilogue. New York: Portfolio, 2012." @@ -18806,7 +21304,7 @@ msgstr "" "con nuevo epílogo. New York: Portfolio, 2012." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9527 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9568 msgid "" "Grant, Adam. Give and Take: Why Helping Others Drives Our Success. New " "York: Viking, 2013." @@ -18815,7 +21313,7 @@ msgstr "" "York: Viking, 2013." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9531 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9572 msgid "" "Haiven, Max. Crises of Imagination, Crises of Power: Capitalism, Creativity " "and the Commons. New York: Zed Books, 2014." @@ -18824,7 +21322,7 @@ msgstr "" "and the Commons. Nueva York: Zed Books, 2014." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9535 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9576 msgid "" "Harris, Malcom, ed. Share or Die: Voices of the Get Lost Generation in the " "Age of Crisis. With Neal Gorenflo. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2012." @@ -18833,7 +21331,7 @@ msgstr "" "Age of Crisis. With Neal Gorenflo. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2012." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9540 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9581 msgid "" "Hermida, Alfred. Tell Everyone: Why We Share and Why It Matters. Toronto: " "Doubleday Canada, 2014." @@ -18842,7 +21340,7 @@ msgstr "" "Doubleday Canada, 2014." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9544 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9585 msgid "" "Hyde, Lewis. Common as Air: Revolution, Art, and Ownership. New York: " "Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2010." @@ -18851,7 +21349,7 @@ msgstr "" "Farrar, Straus y Giroux, 2010." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9548 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9589 msgid "" "———. The Gift: Creativity and the Artist in the Modern World. 2nd Vintage " "Books edition. New York: Vintage Books, 2007." @@ -18860,7 +21358,7 @@ msgstr "" "Books. Nueva York: Vintage Books, 2007." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9552 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9593 msgid "" "Kelley, Tom, and David Kelley. Creative Confidence: Unleashing the Potential " "within Us All. New York: Crown, 2013." @@ -18869,7 +21367,7 @@ msgstr "" "within Us All. Nueva York: Crown, 2013." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9556 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9597 msgid "" "Kelly, Marjorie. Owning Our Future: The Emerging Ownership Revolution; " "Journeys to a Generative Economy. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2012." @@ -18878,7 +21376,7 @@ msgstr "" "Journeys to a Generative Economy. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2012." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9561 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9602 msgid "" "Kleon, Austin. Show Your Work: 10 Ways to Share Your Creativity and Get " "Discovered. New York: Workman, 2014." @@ -18887,7 +21385,7 @@ msgstr "" "Discovered. Nueva York: Workman, 2014." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9565 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9606 msgid "" "———. Steal Like an Artist: 10 Things Nobody Told You about Being Creative. " "New York: Workman, 2012." @@ -18896,7 +21394,7 @@ msgstr "" "Nueva York: Workman, 2012." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9569 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9610 msgid "" "Kramer, Bryan. Shareology: How Sharing Is Powering the Human Economy. New " "York: Morgan James, 2016." @@ -18905,18 +21403,23 @@ msgstr "" "York: Morgan James, 2016." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9573 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9614 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Lee, David. “Inside Medium: An Attempt to Bring Civility to the " +#| "Internet.” BBC News, March 3, 2016. <ulink url=\"http://www.bbc.com/news/" +#| "technology-35709680\"/>" msgid "" -"Lee, David. “Inside Medium: An Attempt to Bring Civility to the Internet.” " -"BBC News, March 3, 2016. <ulink url=\"http://www.bbc.com/news/" -"technology-35709680\"/>" +"Lee, David. <quote>Inside Medium: An Attempt to Bring Civility to the " +"Internet.</quote> BBC News, March 3, 2016. <ulink url=\"http://www.bbc.com/" +"news/technology-35709680\"/>" msgstr "" "Lee, David. “Inside Medium: An Attempt to Bring Civility to the Internet.” " -"BBC News, 3 de marzo, 2016. <ulink url=\"http://www.bbc.com/news/technology-" -"35709680\"/>" +"BBC News, 3 de marzo, 2016. <ulink url=\"http://www.bbc.com/news/" +"technology-35709680\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9578 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9619 msgid "" "Lessig, Lawrence. Remix: Making Art and Commerce Thrive in the Hybrid " "Economy. New York: Penguin Press, 2008." @@ -18925,7 +21428,7 @@ msgstr "" "Economy. Nueva York: Penguin Press, 2008." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9582 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9623 msgid "" "Menzies, Heather. Reclaiming the Commons for the Common Good: A Memoir and " "Manifesto. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014." @@ -18934,7 +21437,7 @@ msgstr "" "Manifesto. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9586 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9627 msgid "" "Mason, Paul. Postcapitalism: A Guide to Our Future. New York: Farrar, Straus " "and Giroux, 2015." @@ -18943,7 +21446,7 @@ msgstr "" "Straus y Giroux, 2015." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9590 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9631 msgid "" "New York Times Customer Insight Group. The Psychology of Sharing: Why Do " "People Share Online? New York: New York Times Customer Insight Group, 2011. " @@ -18954,7 +21457,7 @@ msgstr "" "2011. <ulink url=\"http://www.iab.net/media/file/POSWhitePaper.pdf\"/>." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9596 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9637 msgid "" "Osterwalder, Alex, and Yves Pigneur. Business Model Generation. Hoboken, " "NJ: John Wiley and Sons, 2010. A preview of the book is available at <ulink " @@ -18965,7 +21468,7 @@ msgstr "" "\"http://strategyzer.com/books/business-model-generation\"/>." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9602 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9643 msgid "" "Osterwalder, Alex, Yves Pigneur, Greg Bernarda, and Adam Smith. Value " "Proposition Design. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons, 2014. A preview of the " @@ -18978,7 +21481,7 @@ msgstr "" "proposition-design\"/>." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9608 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9649 msgid "" "Palmer, Amanda. The Art of Asking: Or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Let " "People Help. New York: Grand Central, 2014." @@ -18987,7 +21490,7 @@ msgstr "" "People Help. Nueva York: Grand Central, 2014." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9612 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9653 msgid "" "Pekel, Joris. Democratising the Rijksmuseum: Why Did the Rijksmuseum Make " "Available Their Highest Quality Material without Restrictions, and What Are " @@ -18997,12 +21500,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" "Pekel, Joris. Democratising the Rijksmuseum: Why Did the Rijksmuseum Make " "Available Their Highest Quality Material without Restrictions, and What Are " -"the Results? La Haya, Países Bajos: Europeana Foundation, 2014. <ulink url=\"" -"http://pro.europeana.eu/publication/democratising-the-rijksmuseum\"/> (" -"licenciado bajo CC BY-SA)." +"the Results? La Haya, Países Bajos: Europeana Foundation, 2014. <ulink url=" +"\"http://pro.europeana.eu/publication/democratising-the-rijksmuseum\"/> " +"(licenciado bajo CC BY-SA)." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9620 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9661 msgid "" "Ramos, José Maria, ed. The City as Commons: A Policy Reader. Melbourne, " "Australia: Commons Transition Coalition, 2016. <ulink url=\"http://www." @@ -19010,25 +21513,31 @@ msgid "" "under CC BY-NC-ND)." msgstr "" "Ramos, José Maria, ed. The City as Commons: A Policy Reader. Melbourne, " -"Australia: Commons Transition Coalition, 2016. <ulink url=\"" -"http://www.academia.edu/27143172/The_City_as_Commons_a_Policy_Reader\"/>(" -"licenciado bajo CC BY-NC-ND)." +"Australia: Commons Transition Coalition, 2016. <ulink url=\"http://www." +"academia.edu/27143172/The_City_as_Commons_a_Policy_Reader\"/>(licenciado " +"bajo CC BY-NC-ND)." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9626 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9667 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Raymond, Eric S. The Cathedral and the Bazaar: Musings on Linux and Open " +#| "Source by an Accidental Revolutionary. Rev. ed. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly " +#| "Media, 2001. See esp. “The Magic Cauldron.” <ulink url=\"http://www.catb." +#| "org/esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/\"/>." msgid "" "Raymond, Eric S. The Cathedral and the Bazaar: Musings on Linux and Open " -"Source by an Accidental Revolutionary. Rev. ed. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly " -"Media, 2001. See esp. “The Magic Cauldron.” <ulink url=\"http://www.catb.org/" -"esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/\"/>." +"Source by an Accidental Revolutionary. Rev. ed. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly " +"Media, 2001. See esp. <quote>The Magic Cauldron.</quote> <ulink url=\"http://" +"www.catb.org/esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/\"/>." msgstr "" "Raymond, Eric S. The Cathedral and the Bazaar: Musings on Linux and Open " "Source by an Accidental Revolutionary. Rev. ed. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly " -"Media, 2001. Véase especialmente “The Magic Cauldron.” <ulink url=\"" -"http://www.catb.org/esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/\"/>." +"Media, 2001. Véase especialmente “The Magic Cauldron.” <ulink url=\"http://" +"www.catb.org/esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/\"/>." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9632 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9673 msgid "" "Ries, Eric. The Lean Startup: How Today’s Entrepreneurs Use Continuous " "Innovation to Create Radically Successful Businesses. New York: Crown " @@ -19039,7 +21548,7 @@ msgstr "" "Business, 2011." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9637 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9678 msgid "" "Rifkin, Jeremy. The Zero Marginal Cost Society: The Internet of Things, the " "Collaborative Commons, and the Eclipse of Capitalism. New York: Palgrave " @@ -19050,14 +21559,14 @@ msgstr "" "Macmillan, 2014." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9642 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9683 msgid "" "Rowe, Jonathan. Our Common Wealth. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013." msgstr "" "Rowe, Jonathan. Our Common Wealth. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9646 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9687 msgid "" "Rushkoff, Douglas. Throwing Rocks at the Google Bus: How Growth Became the " "Enemy of Prosperity. New York: Portfolio, 2016." @@ -19066,7 +21575,7 @@ msgstr "" "Enemy of Prosperity. Nueva York: Portfolio, 2016." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9650 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9691 msgid "" "Sandel, Michael J. What Money Can’t Buy: The Moral Limits of Markets. New " "York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2012." @@ -19075,7 +21584,7 @@ msgstr "" "York: Farrar, Straus y Giroux, 2012." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9654 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9695 msgid "" "Shirky, Clay. Cognitive Surplus: How Technology Makes Consumers into " "Collaborators. London, England: Penguin Books, 2010." @@ -19084,7 +21593,7 @@ msgstr "" "Collaborators. Londres, Inglaterra: Penguin Books, 2010." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9658 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9699 msgid "" "Slee, Tom. What’s Yours Is Mine: Against the Sharing Economy. New York: OR " "Books, 2015." @@ -19093,7 +21602,7 @@ msgstr "" "Books, 2015." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9662 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9703 msgid "" "Stephany, Alex. The Business of Sharing: Making in the New Sharing Economy. " "New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015." @@ -19102,7 +21611,7 @@ msgstr "" "Nueva York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9666 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9707 msgid "" "Stepper, John. Working Out Loud: For a Better Career and Life. New York: " "Ikigai Press, 2015." @@ -19111,7 +21620,7 @@ msgstr "" "Ikigai Press, 2015." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9670 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9711 msgid "" "Sull, Donald, and Kathleen M. Eisenhardt. Simple Rules: How to Thrive in a " "Complex World. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2015." @@ -19120,7 +21629,7 @@ msgstr "" "Complex World. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2015." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9674 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9715 msgid "" "Sundararajan, Arun. The Sharing Economy: The End of Employment and the Rise " "of Crowd-Based Capitalism. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2016." @@ -19129,13 +21638,13 @@ msgstr "" "of Crowd-Based Capitalism. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2016." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9678 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9719 msgid "Surowiecki, James. The Wisdom of Crowds. New York: Anchor Books, 2005." msgstr "" "Surowiecki, James. The Wisdom of Crowds. Nueva York: Anchor Books, 2005." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9682 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9723 msgid "" "Tapscott, Don, and Alex Tapscott. Blockchain Revolution: How the Technology " "Behind Bitcoin Is Changing Money, Business, and the World. Toronto: " @@ -19146,7 +21655,7 @@ msgstr "" "Portfolio, 2016." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9687 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9728 msgid "" "Tharp, Twyla. The Creative Habit: Learn It and Use It for Life. With Mark " "Reiter. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2006." @@ -19155,7 +21664,7 @@ msgstr "" "Reiter. Nueva York: Simon y Schuster, 2006." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9691 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9732 msgid "" "Tkacz, Nathaniel. Wikipedia and the Politics of Openness. Chicago: " "University of Chicago Press, 2015." @@ -19164,7 +21673,7 @@ msgstr "" "University of Chicago Press, 2015." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9695 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9736 msgid "" "Van Abel, Bass, Lucas Evers, Roel Klaassen, and Peter Troxler, eds. Open " "Design Now: Why Design Cannot Remain Exclusive. Amsterdam: BIS Publishers, " @@ -19175,11 +21684,11 @@ msgstr "" "Van Abel, Bass, Lucas Evers, Roel Klaassen, y Peter Troxler, eds. Open " "Design Now: Why Design Cannot Remain Exclusive. Amsterdam: BIS Publishers, " "con Creative Commons Netherlands; Premsela, el Netherlands Institute for " -"Design and Fashion; y la Waag Society, 2011. <ulink url=\"" -"http://opendesignnow.org\"/> (licenciado bajo CC BY-NC-SA)." +"Design and Fashion; y la Waag Society, 2011. <ulink url=\"http://" +"opendesignnow.org\"/> (licenciado bajo CC BY-NC-SA)." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9703 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9744 msgid "" "Van den Hoff, Ronald. Mastering the Global Transition on Our Way to Society " "3.0. Utrecht, the Netherlands: Society 3.0 Foundation, 2014. <ulink url=" @@ -19190,7 +21699,7 @@ msgstr "" "\"http://society30.com/get-the-book/\"/> (licenciado bajo CC BY-NC-ND)." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9709 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9750 msgid "" "Von Hippel, Eric. Democratizing Innovation. London: MIT Press, 2005. <ulink " "url=\"http://web.mit.edu/evhippel/www/democ1.htm\"/> (licensed under CC BY-" @@ -19201,7 +21710,7 @@ msgstr "" "NC-ND)." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9714 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9755 msgid "" "Whitehurst, Jim. The Open Organization: Igniting Passion and Performance. " "Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2015." @@ -19210,12 +21719,12 @@ msgstr "" "Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2015." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9719 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9760 msgid "Acknowledgments" msgstr "Agradecimientos" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9721 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9762 msgid "" "We extend special thanks to Creative Commons CEO Ryan Merkley, the Creative " "Commons Board, and all of our Creative Commons colleagues for " @@ -19230,7 +21739,7 @@ msgstr "" "inicial que nos permitió empezar este proyecto." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9728 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9769 msgid "" "Huge appreciation to all the Made with Creative Commons interviewees for " "sharing their stories with us. You make the commons come alive. Thanks for " @@ -19241,7 +21750,7 @@ msgstr "" "los comunes tengan vida. Gracias por la inspiración." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9733 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9774 msgid "" "We interviewed more than the twenty-four organizations profiled in this " "book. We extend special thanks to Gooru, OERu, Sage Bionetworks, and Medium " @@ -19257,7 +21766,7 @@ msgstr "" "trabajo." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9741 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9782 msgid "" "This book was made possible by the generous support of 1,687 Kickstarter " "backers listed below. We especially acknowledge our many Kickstarter co-" @@ -19271,7 +21780,7 @@ msgstr "" "invaluable. Gracias de todo corazón a todos ustedes." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9747 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9788 msgid "" "Co-editor Kickstarter backers (alphabetically by first name): Abraham " "Taherivand, Alan Graham, Alfredo Louro, Anatoly Volynets, Aurora Thornton, " @@ -19364,7 +21873,354 @@ msgstr "" "Xavier Antoviaque, Yancey Strickler" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9798 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9839 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "All other Kickstarter backers (alphabetically by first name): A. Lee, " +#| "Aaron C. 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Ion, Alex Ross Shaw, Alexander Bartl, " +#| "Alexander Brown, Alexander Brunner, Alexander Eliesen, Alexander Hawson, " +#| "Alexander Klar, Alexander Neumann, Alexander Plaum, Alexander Wendland, " +#| "Alexandre Rafalovitch, Alexey Volkow, Alexi Wheeler, Alexis Sevault, " +#| "Alfredo Louro, Ali Sternburg, Alicia Gibb & Lunchbox Electronics, " +#| "Alison Link, Alison Pentecost, Alistair Boettiger, Alistair Walder, Alix " +#| "Bernier, Allan Callaghan, Allen Riddell, Allison Breland Crotwell, " +#| "Allison Jane Smith, Álvaro Justen, Amanda Palmer, Amanda Wetherhold, Amit " +#| "Bagree, Amit Tikare, Amos Blanton, Amy Sept, Anatoly Volynets, Anders " +#| "Ericsson, Andi Popp, André Bose Do Amaral, Andre Dickson, André Koot, " +#| "André Ricardo, Andre van Rooyen, Andre Wallace, Andrea Bagnacani, Andrea " +#| "Pepe, Andrea Pigato, Andreas Jagelund, Andres Gomez Casanova, Andrew A. 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Barkeloo, Jason Hibbets, Jason " +#| "Owen, Jason Sigal, Jay M Williams, Jazzy Bear Brown, JC Lara, Jean-" +#| "Baptiste Carré, Jean-Philippe Dufraigne, Jean-Philippe Turcotte, Jean-" +#| "Yves Hemlin, Jeanette Frey, Jeff Atwood, Jeff De Cagna, Jeff Donoghue, " +#| "Jeff Edwards, Jeff Hilnbrand, Jeff Lowe, Jeff Rasalla, Jeff Ski Kinsey, " +#| "Jeff Smith, Jeffrey L Tucker, Jeffrey Meyer, Jen Garcia, Jens Erat, Jeppe " +#| "Bager Skjerning, Jeremy Dudet, Jeremy Russell, Jeremy Sabo, Jeremy " +#| "Zauder, Jerko Grubisic, Jerome Glacken, Jérôme Mizeret, Jessica Dickinson " +#| "Goodman, Jessica Litman, Jessica Mackay, Jessy Kate Schingler, Jesús " +#| "Longás Gamarra, Jesus Marin, Jim Matt, Jim Meloy, Jim O’Flaherty, Jim " +#| "Pellegrini, Jim Tittsler, Jimmy Alenius, Jiří Marek, Jo Allum, Joachim " +#| "Brandon LeBlanc, Joachim Pileborg, Joachim von Goetz, Joakim Bang Larsen, " +#| "Joan Rieu, Joanna Penn, João Almeida, Jochen Muetsch, Jodi Sandfort, Joe " +#| "Cardillo, Joe Carpita, Joe Moross, Joerg Fricke, Johan Adda, Johan " +#| "Meeusen, Johannes Förstner, Johannes Visintini, John Benfield, John " +#| "Bevan, John C Patterson, John Crumrine, John Dimatos, John Feyler, John " +#| "Huntsman, John Manoogian III, John Muller, John Ober, John Paul Blodgett, " +#| "John Pearce, John Shale, John Sharp, John Simpson, John Sumser, John " +#| "Weeks, John Wilbanks, John Worland, Johnny Mayall, Jollean Matsen, Jon " +#| "Alberdi, Jon Andersen, Jon Cohrs, Jon Gotlin, Jon Schull, Jon Selmer " +#| "Friborg, Jon Smith, Jonas Öberg, Jonas Weitzmann, Jonathan Campbell, " +#| "Jonathan Deamer, Jonathan Holst, Jonathan Lin, Jonathan Schmid, Jonathan " +#| "Yao, Jordon Kalilich, Jörg Schwarz, Jose Antonio Gallego Vázquez, Joseph " +#| "Mcarthur, Joseph Noll, Joseph Sullivan, Joseph Tucker, Josh Bernhard, " +#| "Josh Tong, Joshua Tobkin, JP Rangaswami, Juan Carlos Belair, Juan Irming, " +#| "Juan Pablo Carbajal, Juan Pablo Marin Diaz, Judith Newman, Judy Tuan, " +#| "Jukka Hellén, Julia Benson-Slaughter, Julia Devonshire, Julian Fietkau, " +#| "Julie Harboe, Julien Brossoit, Julien Leroy, Juliet Chen, Julio Terra, " +#| "Julius Mikkelä, Justin Christian, Justin Grimes, Justin Jones, Justin " +#| "Szlasa, Justin Walsh, JustinChung.com, K. J. Przybylski, Kaloyan Raev, " +#| "Kamil Śliwowski, Kaniska Padhi, Kara Malenfant, Kara Monroe, Karen Pe, " +#| "Karl Jahn, Karl Jonsson, Karl Nelson, Kasia Zygmuntowicz, Kat Lim, Kate " +#| "Chapman, Kate Stewart, Kathleen Beck, Kathleen Hanrahan, Kathryn " +#| "Abuzzahab, Kathryn Deiss, Kathryn Rose, Kathy Payne, Katie Lynn Daniels, " +#| "Katie Meek, Katie Teague, Katrina Hennessy, Katriona Main, Kavan Antani, " +#| "Keith Adams, Keith Berndtson, MD, Keith Luebke, Kellie Higginbottom, Ken " +#| "Friis Larsen, Ken Haase, Ken Torbeck, Kendel Ratley, Kendra Byrne, Kerry " +#| "Hicks, Kevin Brown, Kevin Coates, Kevin Flynn, Kevin Rumon, Kevin " +#| "Shannon, Kevin Taylor, Kevin Tostado, Kewhyun Kelly-Yuoh, Kiane l’Azin, " +#| "Kianosh Pourian, Kiran Kadekoppa, Kit Walsh, Klaus Mickus, Konrad " +#| "Rennert, Kris Kasianovitz, Kristian Lundquist, Kristin Buxton, Kristina " +#| "Popova, Kristofer Bratt, Kristoffer Steen, Kumar McMillan, Kurt " +#| "Whittemore, Kyle Pinches, Kyle Simpson, L Eaton, Lalo Martins, Lane " +#| "Rasberry, Larry Garfield, Larry Singer, Lars Josephsen, Lars Klaeboe, " +#| "Laura Anne Brown, Laura Billings, Laura Ferejohn, Lauren Pedersen, " +#| "Laurence Gonsalves, Laurent Muchacho, Laurie Racine, Laurie Reynolds, " +#| "Lawrence M. 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Manzari, Mathias Bavay, " +#| "Mathias Nicolajsen Kjærgaard, Matias Kruk, Matija Nalis, Matt Alcock, " +#| "Matt Black, Matt Broach, Matt Hall, Matt Haughey, Matt Lee, Matt Plec, " +#| "Matt Skoss, Matt Thompson, Matt Vance, Matt Wagstaff, Matteo Cocco, " +#| "Matthew Bendert, Matthew Bergholt, Matthew Darlison, Matthew Epler, " +#| "Matthew Hawken, Matthew Heimbecker, Matthew Orstad, Matthew Peterworth, " +#| "Matthew Sheehy, Matthew Tucker, Adaptive Handy Apps, LLC, Mattias Axell, " +#| "Max Green, Max Kossatz, Max lupo, Max Temkin, Max van Balgooy, Médéric " +#| "Droz-dit-Busset, Megan Ingle, Megan Wacha, Meghan Finlayson, Melissa Aho, " +#| "Melissa Sterry, Melle Funambuline, Menachem Goldstein, Micah Bridges, " +#| "Michael Ailberto, Michael Anderson, Michael Andersson Skane, Michael C. " +#| "Stewart, Michael Carroll, Michael Cavette, Michael Crees, Michael David " +#| "Johas Teener, Michael Dennis Moore, Michael Freundt Karlsen, Michael " +#| "Harries, Michael Hawel, Michael Lewis, Michael May, Michael Murphy, " +#| "Michael Murvine, Michael Perkins, Michael Sauers, Michael St.Onge, " +#| "Michael Stanford, Michael Stanley, Michael Underwood, Michael Weiss, " +#| "Michael Wright, Michael-Andreas Kuttner, Michaela Voigt, Michal Rosenn, " +#| "Michał Szymański, Michel Gallez, Michell Zappa, Michelle Heeyeon You, " +#| "Miha Batic, Mik Ishmael, Mikael Andersson, Mike Chelen, Mike Habicher, " +#| "Mike Maloney, Mike Masnick, Mike McDaniel, Mike Pouraryan, Mike Sheldon, " +#| "Mike Stop Continues, Mike Stringer, Mike Wittenstein, Mikkel Ovesen, " +#| "Mikołaj Podlaszewski, Millie Gonzalez, Mindi Lovell, Mindy Lin, Mirko " +#| "“Macro” Fichtner, Mitch Featherston, Mitchell Adams, Molika Oum, Molly " +#| "Shaffer Van Houweling, Monica Mora, Morgan Loomis, Moritz Schubert, Mrs. " +#| "Paganini, Mushin Schilling, Mustafa K Calik, MD, Myk Pilgrim, Myra " +#| "Harmer, Nadine Forget-Dubois, Nagle Industries, LLC, Nah Wee Yang, " +#| "Natalie Brown, Natalie Freed, Nathan D Howell, Nathan Massey, Nathan " +#| "Miller, Neal Gorenflo, Neal McBurnett, Neal Stimler, Neil Wilson, Nele " +#| "Wollert, Neuchee Chang, Niall McDonagh, Niall Twohig, Nic McPhee, " +#| "Nicholas Bentley, Nicholas Koran, Nicholas Norfolk, Nicholas Potter, Nick " +#| "Bell, Nick Coghlan, Nick Isaacs, Nick M. Daly, Nick Vance, Nickolay " +#| "Vedernikov, Nicky Weaver-Weinberg, Nico Prin, Nicolas Weidinger, Nicole " +#| "Hickman, Niek Theunissen, Nigel Robertson, Nikki Thompson, Nikko Marie, " +#| "Nikola Chernev, Nils Lavesson, Noah Blumenson-Cook, Noah Fang, Noah " +#| "Kardos-Fein, Noah Meyerhans, Noel Hanigan, Noel Hart, Norrie Mailer, O.P. " +#| "Gobée, Ohad Mayblum, Olivia Wilson, Olivier De Doncker, Olivier " +#| "Schulbaum, Olle Ahnve, Omar Kaminski, Omar Willey, OpenBuilds, Ove " +#| "Ødegård, Øystein Kjærnet, Pablo López Soriano, Pablo Vasquez, Pacific " +#| "Design, Paige Mackay, Papp István Péter, Paris Marx, Parker Higgins, " +#| "Pasquale Borriello, Pat Allan, Pat Hawks, Pat Ludwig, Pat Sticks, " +#| "Patricia Brennan, Patricia Rosnel, Patricia Wolf, Patrick Berry, Patrick " +#| "Beseda, Patrick Hurley, Patrick M. Lozeau, Patrick McCabe, Patrick " +#| "Nafarrete, Patrick Tanguay, Patrick von Hauff, Patrik Kernstock, Patti J " +#| "Ryan, Paul A Golder, Paul and Iris Brest, Paul Bailey, Paul Bryan, Paul " +#| "Bunkham, Paul Elosegui, Paul Hibbitts, Paul Jacobson, Paul Keller, Paul " +#| "Rowe, Paul Timpson, Paul Walker, Pavel Dostál, Peeter Sällström Randsalu, " +#| "Peggy Frith, Pen-Yuan Hsing, Penny Pearson, Per Åström, Perry Jetter, " +#| "Péter Fankhauser, Peter Hirtle, Peter Humphries, Peter Jenkins, Peter " +#| "Langmar, Peter le Roux, Peter Marinari, Peter Mengelers, Peter O’Brien, " +#| "Peter Pinch, Peter S. Crosby, Peter Wells, Petr Fristedt, Petr Viktorin, " +#| "Petronella Jeurissen, Phil Flickinger, Philip Chung, Philip Pangrac, " +#| "Philip R. Skaggs Jr., Philip Young, Philippa Lorne Channer, Philippe " +#| "Vandenbroeck, Pierluigi Luisi, Pierre Suter, Pieter-Jan Pauwels, " +#| "Playground Inc., Pomax, Popenoe, Pouhiou Noenaute, Prilutskiy Kirill, " +#| "Print3Dreams Ltd., Quentin Coispeau, R. Smith, Race DiLoreto, Rachel " +#| "Mercer, Rafael Scapin, Rafaela Kunz, Rain Doggerel, Raine Lourie, Rajiv " +#| "Jhangiani, Ralph Chapoteau, Randall Kirby, Randy Brians, Raphaël " +#| "Alexandre, Raphaël Schröder, Rasmus Jensen, Rayn Drahps, Rayna " +#| "Stamboliyska, Rebecca Godar, Rebecca Lendl, Rebecca Weir, Regina Tschud, " +#| "Remi Dino, Ric Herrero, Rich McCue, Richard “TalkToMeGuy” Olson, Richard " +#| "Best, Richard Blumberg, Richard Fannon, Richard Heying, Richard Karnesky, " +#| "Richard Kelly, Richard Littauer, Richard Sobey, Richard White, Richard " +#| "Winchell, Rik ToeWater, Rita Lewis, Rita Wood, Riyadh Al Balushi, Rob " +#| "Balder, Rob Berkley, Rob Bertholf, Rob Emanuele, Rob McAuliffe, Rob " +#| "McKaughan, Rob Tillie, Rob Utter, Rob Vincent, Robert Gaffney, Robert " +#| "Jones, Robert Kelly, Robert Lawlis, Robert McDonald, Robert Orzanna, " +#| "Robert Paterson Hunter, Robert R. Daniel Jr., Robert Ryan-Silva, Robert " +#| "Thompson, Robert Wagoner, Roberto Selvaggio, Robin DeRosa, Robin Rist " +#| "Kildal, Rodrigo Castilhos, Roger Bacon, Roger Saner, Roger So, Roger " +#| "Solé, Roger Tregear, Roland Tanglao, Rolf and Mari von Walthausen, Rolf " +#| "Egstad, Rolf Schaller, Ron Zuijlen, Ronald Bissell, Ronald van den Hoff, " +#| "Ronda Snow, Rory Landon Aronson, Ross Findlay, Ross Pruden, Ross " +#| "Williams, Rowan Skewes, Roy Ivy III, Ruben Flores, Rupert Hitzenberger, " +#| "Rusi Popov, Russ Antonucci, Russ Spollin, Russell Brand, Rute Correia, " +#| "Ruth Ann Carpenter, Ruth White, Ryan Mentock, Ryan Merkley, Ryan Price, " +#| "Ryan Sasaki, Ryan Singer, Ryan Voisin, Ryan Weir, S Searle, Salem Bin " +#| "Kenaid, Salomon Riedo, Sam Hokin, Sam Twidale, Samantha Levin, Samantha-" +#| "Jayne Chapman, Samarth Agarwal, Sami Al-AbdRabbuh, Samuel A. Rebelsky, " +#| "Samuel Goëta, Samuel Hauser, Samuel Landete, Samuel Oliveira Cersosimo, " +#| "Samuel Tait, Sandra Fauconnier, Sandra Markus, Sandy Bjar, Sandy ONeil, " +#| "Sang-Phil Ju, Sanjay Basu, Santiago Garcia, Sara Armstrong, Sara Lucca, " +#| "Sara Rodriguez Marin, Sarah Brand, Sarah Cove, Sarah Curran, Sarah Gold, " +#| "Sarah McGovern, Sarah Smith, Sarinee Achavanuntakul, Sasha Moss, Sasha " +#| "VanHoven, Saul Gasca, Scott Abbott, Scott Akerman, Scott Beattie, Scott " +#| "Bruinooge, Scott Conroy, Scott Gillespie, Scott Williams, Sean Anderson, " +#| "Sean Johnson, Sean Lim, Sean Wickett, Seb Schmoller, Sebastiaan Bekker, " +#| "Sebastiaan ter Burg, Sebastian Makowiecki, Sebastian Meyer, Sebastian " +#| "Schweizer, Sebastian Sigloch, Sebastien Huchet, Seokwon Yang, Sergey " +#| "Chernyshev, Sergey Storchay, Sergio Cardoso, Seth Drebitko, Seth Gover, " +#| "Seth Lepore, Shannon Turner, Sharon Clapp, Shauna Redmond, Shawn Gaston, " +#| "Shawn Martin, Shay Knohl, Shelby Hatfield, Sheldon (Vila) Widuch, Sheona " +#| "Thomson, Si Jie, Sicco van Sas, Siena Oristaglio, Simon Glover, Simon " +#| "John King, Simon Klose, Simon Law, Simon Linder, Simon Moffitt, Solomon " +#| "Kahn, Solomon Simon, Soujanna Sarkar, Stanislav Trifonov, Stefan Dumont, " +#| "Stefan Jansson, Stefan Langer, Stefan Lindblad, Stefano Guidotti, Stefano " +#| "Luzardi, Stephan Meißl, Stéphane Wojewoda, Stephanie Pereira, Stephen " +#| "Gates, Stephen Murphey, Stephen Pearce, Stephen Rose, Stephen Suen, " +#| "Stephen Walli, Stevan Matheson, Steve Battle, Steve Fisches, Steve " +#| "Fitzhugh, Steve Guen-gerich, Steve Ingram, Steve Kroy, Steve Midgley, " +#| "Steve Rhine, Steven Kasprzyk, Steven Knudsen, Steven Melvin, Stig-Jørund " +#| "B. Ö. Arnesen, Stuart Drewer, Stuart Maxwell, Stuart Reich, Subhendu " +#| "Ghosh, Sujal Shah, Sune Bøegh, Susan Chun, Susan R Grossman, Suzie Wiley, " +#| "Sven Fielitz, Swan/Starts, Sylvain Carle, Sylvain Chery, Sylvia Green, " +#| "Sylvia van Bruggen, Szabolcs Berecz, T. L. Mason, Tanbir Baeg, Tanya " +#| "Hart, Tara Tiger Brown, Tara Westover, Tarmo Toikkanen, Tasha Turner " +#| "Lennhoff, Tathagat Varma, Ted Timmons, Tej Dhawan, Teresa Gonczy, Terry " +#| "Hook, Theis Madsen, Theo M. Scholl, Theresa Bernardo, Thibault Badenas, " +#| "Thomas Bacig, Thomas Boehnlein, Thomas Bøvith, Thomas Chang, Thomas " +#| "Hartman, Thomas Kent, Thomas Morgan, Thomas Philipp-Edmonds, Thomas " +#| "Thrush, Thomas Werkmeister, Tieg Zaharia, Tieu Thuy Nguyen, Tim Chambers, " +#| "Tim Cook, Tim Evers, Tim Nichols, Tim Stahmer, Timothée Planté, Timothy " +#| "Arfsten, Timothy Hinchliff, Timothy Vollmer, Tina Coffman, Tisza Gergő, " +#| "Tobias Schonwetter, Todd Brown, Todd Pousley, Todd Sattersten, Tom " +#| "Bamford, Tom Caswell, Tom Goren, Tom Kent, Tom MacWright, Tom Maillioux, " +#| "Tom Merkli, Tom Merritt, Tom Myers, Tom Olijhoek, Tom Rubin, Tommaso De " +#| "Benetti, Tommy Dahlen, Tony Ciak, Tony Nwachukwu, Torsten Skomp, Tracey " +#| "Depellegrin, Tracey Henton, Tracey James, Traci Long DeForge, Trent " +#| "Yarwood, Trevor Hogue, Trey Blalock, Trey Hunner, Tryggvi Björgvinsson, " +#| "Tumuult, Tushar Roy, Tyler Occhiogrosso, Udo Blenkhorn, Uri Sivan, Vanja " +#| "Bobas, Vantharith Oum, Vaughan jenkins, Veethika Mishra, Vic King, Vickie " +#| "Goode, Victor DePina, Victor Grigas, Victoria Klassen, Victorien " +#| "Elvinger, VIGA Manufacture, Vikas Shah, Vinayak S.Kaujalgi, Vincent " +#| "O’Leary, Violette Paquet, Virginia Gentilini, Virginia Kopelman, Vitor " +#| "Menezes, Vivian Marthell, Wayne Mackintosh, Wendy Keenan, Werner " +#| "Wiethege, Wesley Derbyshire, Widar Hellwig, Willa Köerner, William " +#| "Bettridge-Radford, William Jefferson, William Marshall, William Peter " +#| "Nash, William Ray, William Robins, Willow Rosenberg, Winie Evers, " +#| "Wolfgang Renninger, Xavier Antoviaque, Xavier Hugonet, Xavier Moisant, " +#| "Xueqi Li, Yancey Strickler, Yann Heurtaux, Yasmine Hajjar, Yu-Hsian Sun, " +#| "Yves Deruisseau, Zach Chandler, Zak Zebrowski, Zane Amiralis and Joshua " +#| "de Haan, ZeMarmot Open Movie" msgid "" "All other Kickstarter backers (alphabetically by first name): A. Lee, Aaron " "C. Rathbun, Aaron Stubbs, Aaron Suggs, Abdul Razak Manaf, Abraham " @@ -19456,7 +22312,7 @@ msgid "" "Kiefer, Dirk Loop, DJ Fusion - FuseBox Radio Broadcast, Dom jurkewitz, Dom " "Lane, Domi Enders, Domingo Gallardo, Dominic de Haas, Dominique Karadjian, " "Dongpo Deng, Donnovan Knight, Door de Flines, Doug Fitzpatrick, Doug Hoover, " -"Douglas Craver, Douglas Van Camp, Douglas Van Houweling, Dr. Braddlee, Drew " +"Douglas Craver, Douglas Van Camp, Douglas Van Houweling, Dr. Braddlee, Drew " "Spencer, Duncan Sample, Durand D’souza, Dylan Field, E C Humphries, Eamon " "Caddigan, Earleen Smith, Eden Sarid, Eden Spodek, Eduardo Belinchon, Eduardo " "Castro, Edwin Vandam, Einar Joergensen, Ejnar Brendsdal, Elad Wieder, Elar " @@ -19592,35 +22448,35 @@ msgid "" "Chelen, Mike Habicher, Mike Maloney, Mike Masnick, Mike McDaniel, Mike " "Pouraryan, Mike Sheldon, Mike Stop Continues, Mike Stringer, Mike " "Wittenstein, Mikkel Ovesen, Mikołaj Podlaszewski, Millie Gonzalez, Mindi " -"Lovell, Mindy Lin, Mirko “Macro” Fichtner, Mitch Featherston, Mitchell " -"Adams, Molika Oum, Molly Shaffer Van Houweling, Monica Mora, Morgan Loomis, " -"Moritz Schubert, Mrs. Paganini, Mushin Schilling, Mustafa K Calik, MD, Myk " -"Pilgrim, Myra Harmer, Nadine Forget-Dubois, Nagle Industries, LLC, Nah Wee " -"Yang, Natalie Brown, Natalie Freed, Nathan D Howell, Nathan Massey, Nathan " -"Miller, Neal Gorenflo, Neal McBurnett, Neal Stimler, Neil Wilson, Nele " -"Wollert, Neuchee Chang, Niall McDonagh, Niall Twohig, Nic McPhee, Nicholas " -"Bentley, Nicholas Koran, Nicholas Norfolk, Nicholas Potter, Nick Bell, Nick " -"Coghlan, Nick Isaacs, Nick M. Daly, Nick Vance, Nickolay Vedernikov, Nicky " -"Weaver-Weinberg, Nico Prin, Nicolas Weidinger, Nicole Hickman, Niek " -"Theunissen, Nigel Robertson, Nikki Thompson, Nikko Marie, Nikola Chernev, " -"Nils Lavesson, Noah Blumenson-Cook, Noah Fang, Noah Kardos-Fein, Noah " -"Meyerhans, Noel Hanigan, Noel Hart, Norrie Mailer, O.P. Gobée, Ohad Mayblum, " -"Olivia Wilson, Olivier De Doncker, Olivier Schulbaum, Olle Ahnve, Omar " -"Kaminski, Omar Willey, OpenBuilds, Ove Ødegård, Øystein Kjærnet, Pablo López " -"Soriano, Pablo Vasquez, Pacific Design, Paige Mackay, Papp István Péter, " -"Paris Marx, Parker Higgins, Pasquale Borriello, Pat Allan, Pat Hawks, Pat " -"Ludwig, Pat Sticks, Patricia Brennan, Patricia Rosnel, Patricia Wolf, " -"Patrick Berry, Patrick Beseda, Patrick Hurley, Patrick M. Lozeau, Patrick " -"McCabe, Patrick Nafarrete, Patrick Tanguay, Patrick von Hauff, Patrik " -"Kernstock, Patti J Ryan, Paul A Golder, Paul and Iris Brest, Paul Bailey, " -"Paul Bryan, Paul Bunkham, Paul Elosegui, Paul Hibbitts, Paul Jacobson, Paul " -"Keller, Paul Rowe, Paul Timpson, Paul Walker, Pavel Dostál, Peeter Sällström " -"Randsalu, Peggy Frith, Pen-Yuan Hsing, Penny Pearson, Per Åström, Perry " -"Jetter, Péter Fankhauser, Peter Hirtle, Peter Humphries, Peter Jenkins, " -"Peter Langmar, Peter le Roux, Peter Marinari, Peter Mengelers, Peter " -"O’Brien, Peter Pinch, Peter S. Crosby, Peter Wells, Petr Fristedt, Petr " -"Viktorin, Petronella Jeurissen, Phil Flickinger, Philip Chung, Philip " -"Pangrac, Philip R. Skaggs Jr., Philip Young, Philippa Lorne Channer, " +"Lovell, Mindy Lin, Mirko <quote>Macro</quote> Fichtner, Mitch Featherston, " +"Mitchell Adams, Molika Oum, Molly Shaffer Van Houweling, Monica Mora, Morgan " +"Loomis, Moritz Schubert, Mrs. Paganini, Mushin Schilling, Mustafa K Calik, " +"MD, Myk Pilgrim, Myra Harmer, Nadine Forget-Dubois, Nagle Industries, LLC, " +"Nah Wee Yang, Natalie Brown, Natalie Freed, Nathan D Howell, Nathan Massey, " +"Nathan Miller, Neal Gorenflo, Neal McBurnett, Neal Stimler, Neil Wilson, " +"Nele Wollert, Neuchee Chang, Niall McDonagh, Niall Twohig, Nic McPhee, " +"Nicholas Bentley, Nicholas Koran, Nicholas Norfolk, Nicholas Potter, Nick " +"Bell, Nick Coghlan, Nick Isaacs, Nick M. Daly, Nick Vance, Nickolay " +"Vedernikov, Nicky Weaver-Weinberg, Nico Prin, Nicolas Weidinger, Nicole " +"Hickman, Niek Theunissen, Nigel Robertson, Nikki Thompson, Nikko Marie, " +"Nikola Chernev, Nils Lavesson, Noah Blumenson-Cook, Noah Fang, Noah Kardos-" +"Fein, Noah Meyerhans, Noel Hanigan, Noel Hart, Norrie Mailer, O.P. Gobée, " +"Ohad Mayblum, Olivia Wilson, Olivier De Doncker, Olivier Schulbaum, Olle " +"Ahnve, Omar Kaminski, Omar Willey, OpenBuilds, Ove Ødegård, Øystein Kjærnet, " +"Pablo López Soriano, Pablo Vasquez, Pacific Design, Paige Mackay, Papp " +"István Péter, Paris Marx, Parker Higgins, Pasquale Borriello, Pat Allan, Pat " +"Hawks, Pat Ludwig, Pat Sticks, Patricia Brennan, Patricia Rosnel, Patricia " +"Wolf, Patrick Berry, Patrick Beseda, Patrick Hurley, Patrick M. Lozeau, " +"Patrick McCabe, Patrick Nafarrete, Patrick Tanguay, Patrick von Hauff, " +"Patrik Kernstock, Patti J Ryan, Paul A Golder, Paul and Iris Brest, Paul " +"Bailey, Paul Bryan, Paul Bunkham, Paul Elosegui, Paul Hibbitts, Paul " +"Jacobson, Paul Keller, Paul Rowe, Paul Timpson, Paul Walker, Pavel Dostál, " +"Peeter Sällström Randsalu, Peggy Frith, Pen-Yuan Hsing, Penny Pearson, Per " +"Åström, Perry Jetter, Péter Fankhauser, Peter Hirtle, Peter Humphries, Peter " +"Jenkins, Peter Langmar, Peter le Roux, Peter Marinari, Peter Mengelers, " +"Peter O’Brien, Peter Pinch, Peter S. Crosby, Peter Wells, Petr Fristedt, " +"Petr Viktorin, Petronella Jeurissen, Phil Flickinger, Philip Chung, Philip " +"Pangrac, Philip R. Skaggs Jr., Philip Young, Philippa Lorne Channer, " "Philippe Vandenbroeck, Pierluigi Luisi, Pierre Suter, Pieter-Jan Pauwels, " "Playground Inc., Pomax, Popenoe, Pouhiou Noenaute, Prilutskiy Kirill, " "Print3Dreams Ltd., Quentin Coispeau, R. Smith, Race DiLoreto, Rachel Mercer, " @@ -19628,36 +22484,36 @@ msgid "" "Ralph Chapoteau, Randall Kirby, Randy Brians, Raphaël Alexandre, Raphaël " "Schröder, Rasmus Jensen, Rayn Drahps, Rayna Stamboliyska, Rebecca Godar, " "Rebecca Lendl, Rebecca Weir, Regina Tschud, Remi Dino, Ric Herrero, Rich " -"McCue, Richard “TalkToMeGuy” Olson, Richard Best, Richard Blumberg, Richard " -"Fannon, Richard Heying, Richard Karnesky, Richard Kelly, Richard Littauer, " -"Richard Sobey, Richard White, Richard Winchell, Rik ToeWater, Rita Lewis, " -"Rita Wood, Riyadh Al Balushi, Rob Balder, Rob Berkley, Rob Bertholf, Rob " -"Emanuele, Rob McAuliffe, Rob McKaughan, Rob Tillie, Rob Utter, Rob Vincent, " -"Robert Gaffney, Robert Jones, Robert Kelly, Robert Lawlis, Robert McDonald, " -"Robert Orzanna, Robert Paterson Hunter, Robert R. Daniel Jr., Robert Ryan-" -"Silva, Robert Thompson, Robert Wagoner, Roberto Selvaggio, Robin DeRosa, " -"Robin Rist Kildal, Rodrigo Castilhos, Roger Bacon, Roger Saner, Roger So, " -"Roger Solé, Roger Tregear, Roland Tanglao, Rolf and Mari von Walthausen, " -"Rolf Egstad, Rolf Schaller, Ron Zuijlen, Ronald Bissell, Ronald van den " -"Hoff, Ronda Snow, Rory Landon Aronson, Ross Findlay, Ross Pruden, Ross " -"Williams, Rowan Skewes, Roy Ivy III, Ruben Flores, Rupert Hitzenberger, Rusi " -"Popov, Russ Antonucci, Russ Spollin, Russell Brand, Rute Correia, Ruth Ann " -"Carpenter, Ruth White, Ryan Mentock, Ryan Merkley, Ryan Price, Ryan Sasaki, " -"Ryan Singer, Ryan Voisin, Ryan Weir, S Searle, Salem Bin Kenaid, Salomon " -"Riedo, Sam Hokin, Sam Twidale, Samantha Levin, Samantha-Jayne Chapman, " -"Samarth Agarwal, Sami Al-AbdRabbuh, Samuel A. Rebelsky, Samuel Goëta, Samuel " -"Hauser, Samuel Landete, Samuel Oliveira Cersosimo, Samuel Tait, Sandra " -"Fauconnier, Sandra Markus, Sandy Bjar, Sandy ONeil, Sang-Phil Ju, Sanjay " -"Basu, Santiago Garcia, Sara Armstrong, Sara Lucca, Sara Rodriguez Marin, " -"Sarah Brand, Sarah Cove, Sarah Curran, Sarah Gold, Sarah McGovern, Sarah " -"Smith, Sarinee Achavanuntakul, Sasha Moss, Sasha VanHoven, Saul Gasca, Scott " -"Abbott, Scott Akerman, Scott Beattie, Scott Bruinooge, Scott Conroy, Scott " -"Gillespie, Scott Williams, Sean Anderson, Sean Johnson, Sean Lim, Sean " -"Wickett, Seb Schmoller, Sebastiaan Bekker, Sebastiaan ter Burg, Sebastian " -"Makowiecki, Sebastian Meyer, Sebastian Schweizer, Sebastian Sigloch, " -"Sebastien Huchet, Seokwon Yang, Sergey Chernyshev, Sergey Storchay, Sergio " -"Cardoso, Seth Drebitko, Seth Gover, Seth Lepore, Shannon Turner, Sharon " -"Clapp, Shauna Redmond, Shawn Gaston, Shawn Martin, Shay Knohl, Shelby " +"McCue, Richard <quote>TalkToMeGuy</quote> Olson, Richard Best, Richard " +"Blumberg, Richard Fannon, Richard Heying, Richard Karnesky, Richard Kelly, " +"Richard Littauer, Richard Sobey, Richard White, Richard Winchell, Rik " +"ToeWater, Rita Lewis, Rita Wood, Riyadh Al Balushi, Rob Balder, Rob Berkley, " +"Rob Bertholf, Rob Emanuele, Rob McAuliffe, Rob McKaughan, Rob Tillie, Rob " +"Utter, Rob Vincent, Robert Gaffney, Robert Jones, Robert Kelly, Robert " +"Lawlis, Robert McDonald, Robert Orzanna, Robert Paterson Hunter, Robert R. " +"Daniel Jr., Robert Ryan-Silva, Robert Thompson, Robert Wagoner, Roberto " +"Selvaggio, Robin DeRosa, Robin Rist Kildal, Rodrigo Castilhos, Roger Bacon, " +"Roger Saner, Roger So, Roger Solé, Roger Tregear, Roland Tanglao, Rolf and " +"Mari von Walthausen, Rolf Egstad, Rolf Schaller, Ron Zuijlen, Ronald " +"Bissell, Ronald van den Hoff, Ronda Snow, Rory Landon Aronson, Ross Findlay, " +"Ross Pruden, Ross Williams, Rowan Skewes, Roy Ivy III, Ruben Flores, Rupert " +"Hitzenberger, Rusi Popov, Russ Antonucci, Russ Spollin, Russell Brand, Rute " +"Correia, Ruth Ann Carpenter, Ruth White, Ryan Mentock, Ryan Merkley, Ryan " +"Price, Ryan Sasaki, Ryan Singer, Ryan Voisin, Ryan Weir, S Searle, Salem Bin " +"Kenaid, Salomon Riedo, Sam Hokin, Sam Twidale, Samantha Levin, Samantha-" +"Jayne Chapman, Samarth Agarwal, Sami Al-AbdRabbuh, Samuel A. Rebelsky, " +"Samuel Goëta, Samuel Hauser, Samuel Landete, Samuel Oliveira Cersosimo, " +"Samuel Tait, Sandra Fauconnier, Sandra Markus, Sandy Bjar, Sandy ONeil, Sang-" +"Phil Ju, Sanjay Basu, Santiago Garcia, Sara Armstrong, Sara Lucca, Sara " +"Rodriguez Marin, Sarah Brand, Sarah Cove, Sarah Curran, Sarah Gold, Sarah " +"McGovern, Sarah Smith, Sarinee Achavanuntakul, Sasha Moss, Sasha VanHoven, " +"Saul Gasca, Scott Abbott, Scott Akerman, Scott Beattie, Scott Bruinooge, " +"Scott Conroy, Scott Gillespie, Scott Williams, Sean Anderson, Sean Johnson, " +"Sean Lim, Sean Wickett, Seb Schmoller, Sebastiaan Bekker, Sebastiaan ter " +"Burg, Sebastian Makowiecki, Sebastian Meyer, Sebastian Schweizer, Sebastian " +"Sigloch, Sebastien Huchet, Seokwon Yang, Sergey Chernyshev, Sergey Storchay, " +"Sergio Cardoso, Seth Drebitko, Seth Gover, Seth Lepore, Shannon Turner, " +"Sharon Clapp, Shauna Redmond, Shawn Gaston, Shawn Martin, Shay Knohl, Shelby " "Hatfield, Sheldon (Vila) Widuch, Sheona Thomson, Si Jie, Sicco van Sas, " "Siena Oristaglio, Simon Glover, Simon John King, Simon Klose, Simon Law, " "Simon Linder, Simon Moffitt, Solomon Kahn, Solomon Simon, Soujanna Sarkar, " @@ -19667,7 +22523,7 @@ msgid "" "Stephen Rose, Stephen Suen, Stephen Walli, Stevan Matheson, Steve Battle, " "Steve Fisches, Steve Fitzhugh, Steve Guen-gerich, Steve Ingram, Steve Kroy, " "Steve Midgley, Steve Rhine, Steven Kasprzyk, Steven Knudsen, Steven Melvin, " -"Stig-Jørund B. Ö. Arnesen, Stuart Drewer, Stuart Maxwell, Stuart Reich, " +"Stig-Jørund B. Ö. Arnesen, Stuart Drewer, Stuart Maxwell, Stuart Reich, " "Subhendu Ghosh, Sujal Shah, Sune Bøegh, Susan Chun, Susan R Grossman, Suzie " "Wiley, Sven Fielitz, Swan/Starts, Sylvain Carle, Sylvain Chery, Sylvia " "Green, Sylvia van Bruggen, Szabolcs Berecz, T. L. Mason, Tanbir Baeg, Tanya " @@ -19802,20 +22658,20 @@ msgstr "" "Sablin, Evan Tangman, Evonne Okafor, Evtim Papushev, Fabien Cambi, Fabio " "Natali, Fauxton Software, Felix Deierlein, Felix Gebauer, Felix Maximiliano " "Obes, Felix Schmidt, Felix Zephyr Hsiao, Ferdies Food Lab, Fernand " -"Deschambault, Filipe Rodrigues, Filippo Toso, Fiona MacAlister, " -"fiona.mac.uk, Floor Scheffer, Florent Darrault, Florian Hähnel, Florian " -"Schneider, Floyd Wilde, Foxtrot Games, Francis Clarke, Francisco Rivas-" -"Portillo, Francois Dechery, Francois Grey, François Gros, François " -"Pelletier, Fred Benenson, Frédéric Abella, Frédéric Schütz, Fredrik Ekelund, " -"Fumi Yamazaki, Gabor Sooki-Toth, Gabriel Staples, Gabriel Véjar Valenzuela, " -"Gal Buki, Gareth Jordan, Garrett Heath, Gary Anson, Gary Forster, Gatien de " -"Broucker, Gaurav Kapil, Gauthier de Valensart, Gavin Gray, Gavin Romig-Koch, " -"Geoff Wood, Geoffrey Lehr, George Baier IV, George De Bruin, George Lawie, " -"George Strakhov, Gerard Gorman, Geronimo de la Lama, Gianpaolo Rando, Gil " -"Stendig, Gino Cingolani Trucco, Giovanna Sala, Glen Moffat, Glenn D. Jones, " -"Glenn Otis Brown, Global Lives Project, Gorm Lai, Govindarajan Umakanthan, " -"Graham Bird, Graham Freeman, Graham Heath, Graham Jones, Graham Smith-" -"Gordon, Graham Vowles, Greg Brodsky, Greg Malone, Grégoire Detrez, Gregory " +"Deschambault, Filipe Rodrigues, Filippo Toso, Fiona MacAlister, fiona.mac." +"uk, Floor Scheffer, Florent Darrault, Florian Hähnel, Florian Schneider, " +"Floyd Wilde, Foxtrot Games, Francis Clarke, Francisco Rivas-Portillo, " +"Francois Dechery, Francois Grey, François Gros, François Pelletier, Fred " +"Benenson, Frédéric Abella, Frédéric Schütz, Fredrik Ekelund, Fumi Yamazaki, " +"Gabor Sooki-Toth, Gabriel Staples, Gabriel Véjar Valenzuela, Gal Buki, " +"Gareth Jordan, Garrett Heath, Gary Anson, Gary Forster, Gatien de Broucker, " +"Gaurav Kapil, Gauthier de Valensart, Gavin Gray, Gavin Romig-Koch, Geoff " +"Wood, Geoffrey Lehr, George Baier IV, George De Bruin, George Lawie, George " +"Strakhov, Gerard Gorman, Geronimo de la Lama, Gianpaolo Rando, Gil Stendig, " +"Gino Cingolani Trucco, Giovanna Sala, Glen Moffat, Glenn D. Jones, Glenn " +"Otis Brown, Global Lives Project, Gorm Lai, Govindarajan Umakanthan, Graham " +"Bird, Graham Freeman, Graham Heath, Graham Jones, Graham Smith-Gordon, " +"Graham Vowles, Greg Brodsky, Greg Malone, Grégoire Detrez, Gregory " "Chevalley, Gregory Flynn, Grit Matthias, Gui Louback, Guillaume Rischard, " "Gustavo Vaz de Carvalho Gonçalves, Gustin Johnson, Gwen Franck, Gwilym " "Lucas, Haggen So, Håkon T Sønderland, Hamid Larbi, Hamish MacEwan, Hannes " @@ -19917,13 +22773,13 @@ msgstr "" "Andersson Skane, Michael C. Stewart, Michael Carroll, Michael Cavette, " "Michael Crees, Michael David Johas Teener, Michael Dennis Moore, Michael " "Freundt Karlsen, Michael Harries, Michael Hawel, Michael Lewis, Michael May, " -"Michael Murphy, Michael Murvine, Michael Perkins, Michael Sauers, Michael " -"St.Onge, Michael Stanford, Michael Stanley, Michael Underwood, Michael " -"Weiss, Michael Wright, Michael-Andreas Kuttner, Michaela Voigt, Michal " -"Rosenn, Michał Szymański, Michel Gallez, Michell Zappa, Michelle Heeyeon " -"You, Miha Batic, Mik Ishmael, Mikael Andersson, Mike Chelen, Mike Habicher, " -"Mike Maloney, Mike Masnick, Mike McDaniel, Mike Pouraryan, Mike Sheldon, " -"Mike Stop Continues, Mike Stringer, Mike Wittenstein, Mikkel Ovesen, Mikołaj " +"Michael Murphy, Michael Murvine, Michael Perkins, Michael Sauers, Michael St." +"Onge, Michael Stanford, Michael Stanley, Michael Underwood, Michael Weiss, " +"Michael Wright, Michael-Andreas Kuttner, Michaela Voigt, Michal Rosenn, " +"Michał Szymański, Michel Gallez, Michell Zappa, Michelle Heeyeon You, Miha " +"Batic, Mik Ishmael, Mikael Andersson, Mike Chelen, Mike Habicher, Mike " +"Maloney, Mike Masnick, Mike McDaniel, Mike Pouraryan, Mike Sheldon, Mike " +"Stop Continues, Mike Stringer, Mike Wittenstein, Mikkel Ovesen, Mikołaj " "Podlaszewski, Millie Gonzalez, Mindi Lovell, Mindy Lin, Mirko “Macro” " "Fichtner, Mitch Featherston, Mitchell Adams, Molika Oum, Molly Shaffer Van " "Houweling, Monica Mora, Morgan Loomis, Moritz Schubert, Mrs. Paganini, " diff --git a/po/nb/mwcc.po b/po/nb/mwcc.po index 72f7c50..39d72fe 100644 --- a/po/nb/mwcc.po +++ b/po/nb/mwcc.po @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: Made with Creative Commons\n" -"POT-Creation-Date: 2018-03-12 07:43+0000\n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2018-09-07 06:21+0000\n" "PO-Revision-Date: 2018-09-03 05:20+0000\n" "Last-Translator: Petter Reinholdtsen <pere-weblate@hungry.com>\n" "Language-Team: Norwegian Bokmål <https://hosted.weblate.org/projects/" @@ -199,13 +199,21 @@ msgstr "(ACM CRCS) ?" #. type: Content of: <book><dedication><blockquote><para> #: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:94 -msgid "" -"“I don’t know a whole lot about nonfiction journalism. . . The way that I " -"think about these things, and in terms of what I can do is. . . essays like " -"this are occasions to watch somebody reasonably bright but also reasonably " -"average pay far closer attention and think at far more length about all " -"sorts of different stuff than most of us have a chance to in our daily " -"lives.”" +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "“I don’t know a whole lot about nonfiction journalism. . . The way that I " +#| "think about these things, and in terms of what I can do is. . . essays " +#| "like this are occasions to watch somebody reasonably bright but also " +#| "reasonably average pay far closer attention and think at far more length " +#| "about all sorts of different stuff than most of us have a chance to in " +#| "our daily lives.”" +msgid "" +"<quote>I don’t know a whole lot about nonfiction journalism. . . The way " +"that I think about these things, and in terms of what I can do is. . . " +"essays like this are occasions to watch somebody reasonably bright but also " +"reasonably average pay far closer attention and think at far more length " +"about all sorts of different stuff than most of us have a chance to in our " +"daily lives.</quote>" msgstr "" "«Jeg vet ikke mye om faglitterær journalisme… Måten jeg tenker om disse " "tingene, og det jeg finner det for godt å gjøre med saken, gir seg utslag i… " @@ -215,24 +223,34 @@ msgstr "" "liv.»" #. type: Content of: <book><dedication><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:102 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:103 msgid "— <emphasis>David Foster Wallace</emphasis>" msgstr "— <emphasis>David Foster Wallace</emphasis>" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:107 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:108 msgid "Foreword" msgstr "Forord" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:109 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:110 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Three years ago, just after I was hired as CEO of Creative Commons, I met " +#| "with Cory Doctorow in the hotel bar of Toronto’s Gladstone Hotel. As one " +#| "of CC’s most well-known proponents—one who has also had a successful " +#| "career as a writer who shares his work using CC—I told him I thought CC " +#| "had a role in defining and advancing open business models. He kindly " +#| "disagreed, and called the pursuit of viable business models through CC “a " +#| "red herring.”" msgid "" "Three years ago, just after I was hired as CEO of Creative Commons, I met " "with Cory Doctorow in the hotel bar of Toronto’s Gladstone Hotel. As one of " "CC’s most well-known proponents—one who has also had a successful career as " "a writer who shares his work using CC—I told him I thought CC had a role in " "defining and advancing open business models. He kindly disagreed, and called " -"the pursuit of viable business models through CC “a red herring.”" +"the pursuit of viable business models through CC <quote>a red herring.</" +"quote>" msgstr "" "For tre år siden, like etter at jeg ble ansatt som daglig leder av Creative " "Commons, møtte jeg Cory Doctorow, i en hotellbar på Torontos «Gladstone " @@ -244,38 +262,52 @@ msgstr "" "forledelse." #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:118 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:119 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "He was, in a way, completely correct—those who make things with Creative " +#| "Commons have ulterior motives, as Paul Stacey explains in this book: " +#| "“Regardless of legal status, they all have a social mission. Their " +#| "primary reason for being is to make the world a better place, not to " +#| "profit. Money is a means to a social end, not the end itself.”" msgid "" "He was, in a way, completely correct—those who make things with Creative " "Commons have ulterior motives, as Paul Stacey explains in this book: " -"“Regardless of legal status, they all have a social mission. Their primary " -"reason for being is to make the world a better place, not to profit. Money " -"is a means to a social end, not the end itself.”" +"<quote>Regardless of legal status, they all have a social mission. Their " +"primary reason for being is to make the world a better place, not to profit. " +"Money is a means to a social end, not the end itself.</quote>" msgstr "" "Han hadde på en måte hold i sin rasjonalitet - utøverne i Creative Commons " -"har underliggende motiver, som Paul Stacey forklarer i denne boken: «" -"Uavhengig av juridisk status, har de alle et sosialt siktemål. Deres primære " -"tilstedeværelses iboende grunn er delingen av dens skillelinjer, ikke " -"fortjeneste. Penger er et middel til ervervelse av sosiale mål, ikke målet i " -"seg selv.»" +"har underliggende motiver, som Paul Stacey forklarer i denne boken: " +"«Uavhengig av juridisk status, har de alle et sosialt siktemål. Deres " +"primære tilstedeværelses iboende grunn er delingen av dens skillelinjer, " +"ikke fortjeneste. Penger er et middel til ervervelse av sosiale mål, ikke " +"målet i seg selv.»" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:126 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:127 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "In the case study about Cory Doctorow, Sarah Hinchliff Pearson cites " +#| "Cory’s words from his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: “Entering " +#| "the arts because you want to get rich is like buying lottery tickets " +#| "because you want to get rich. It might work, but it almost certainly " +#| "won’t. Though, of course, someone always wins the lottery.”" msgid "" "In the case study about Cory Doctorow, Sarah Hinchliff Pearson cites Cory’s " -"words from his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: “Entering the arts " -"because you want to get rich is like buying lottery tickets because you want " -"to get rich. It might work, but it almost certainly won’t. Though, of " -"course, someone always wins the lottery.”" +"words from his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: <quote>Entering the " +"arts because you want to get rich is like buying lottery tickets because you " +"want to get rich. It might work, but it almost certainly won’t. Though, of " +"course, someone always wins the lottery.</quote>" msgstr "" -"Om tilfellet Cory Doctorow siterer Sarah Hinchliff Pearson fra Corys bok, «" -"Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free»: «Å hengi seg til kunsten fordi du vil " +"Om tilfellet Cory Doctorow siterer Sarah Hinchliff Pearson fra Corys bok, " +"«Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free»: «Å hengi seg til kunsten fordi du vil " "bli rik, er som å kjøpe lottokuponger fordi du vil bli rik. Det kan fungere, " "men nesten helt sikkert ikke. Men det er selvsagt noen som vinner i " "lotteriet»" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:134 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:135 msgid "" "Today, copyright is like a lottery ticket—everyone has one, and almost " "nobody wins. What they don’t tell you is that if you choose to share your " @@ -293,12 +325,20 @@ msgstr "" "lidenskap og bygge sine verdier." #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:143 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:144 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "So it’s not about the money. Also: it is. Finding the means to continue " +#| "to create and share often requires some amount of income. Max Temkin of " +#| "Cards Against Humanity says it best in their case study: “We don’t make " +#| "jokes and games to make money—we make money so we can make more jokes and " +#| "games.”" msgid "" "So it’s not about the money. Also: it is. Finding the means to continue to " "create and share often requires some amount of income. Max Temkin of Cards " -"Against Humanity says it best in their case study: “We don’t make jokes and " -"games to make money—we make money so we can make more jokes and games.”" +"Against Humanity says it best in their case study: <quote>We don’t make " +"jokes and games to make money—we make money so we can make more jokes and " +"games.</quote>" msgstr "" "Pengenes handling er bakenforliggende. Å finne måter å fortsette å skape og " "dele krever ofte en viss inntekt. Max Temkin i Cards Against Humanity sier " @@ -306,7 +346,7 @@ msgstr "" "penger - vi tjener penger slik at vi kan lage flere vitser og spill.»" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:150 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:151 msgid "" "Creative Commons’ focus is on building a vibrant, usable commons, powered by " "collaboration and gratitude. Enabling communities of collaboration is at the " @@ -323,7 +363,7 @@ msgstr "" "hovedforfatterne til denne boka." #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:159 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:160 msgid "" "Paul dreams of a future where new models of creativity and innovation " "overpower the inequality and scarcity that today define the worst parts of " @@ -342,7 +382,7 @@ msgstr "" "inspirerer kolleger og samfunn." #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:168 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:169 msgid "" "Sarah is the best kind of lawyer—a true advocate who believes in the good of " "people, and the power of collective acts to change the world. Over the past " @@ -364,7 +404,7 @@ msgstr "" "godt å debattere med." #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:180 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:181 msgid "" "As coauthors, Paul and Sarah complement each other perfectly. They " "researched, analyzed, argued, and worked as a team, sometimes together and " @@ -385,7 +425,7 @@ msgstr "" "innsiktsfull, ærlig og nyttig." #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:191 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:192 msgid "" "From the beginning, CC wanted to develop this project with the principles " "and values of open collaboration. The book was funded, developed, " @@ -400,7 +440,7 @@ msgstr "" "eksempel på en åpen forretningsmodell." #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:199 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:200 msgid "" "For 31 days in August of 2015, Sarah took point to organize and execute a " "Kickstarter campaign to generate the core funding for the book. The " @@ -417,7 +457,7 @@ msgstr "" "Creative Commons." #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:208 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:209 msgid "" "Paul and Sarah worked openly throughout the project, publishing the plans, " "drafts, case studies, and analysis, early and often, and they engaged " @@ -429,15 +469,15 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" "Paul og Sarah jobbet åpent gjennom hele prosjektet, publiserte planer, " "utkast, saksstudier og analyser, tidlig og ofte, og de engasjerte miljøer " -"over hele verden til å bidra til å skrive denne boken. Etterhvert som " -"meningsforskjeller gjorde seg gjeldende og deres individuelle interesser kom " -"i fokus, delte de seg opp med hver sin individuelle stemme, og besluttet å " -"holde sine stemmer atskilt i sluttproduktet. Å arbeide på denne måten krever " -"både ydmykhet og selvtillit, og det har uten tvil gjort «Creative Commons-" -"lisensiert» til et bedre prosjekt." +"over hele verden til å bidra til å skrive denne boken. Etterhvert " +"som meningsforskjeller gjorde seg gjeldende og deres individuelle interesser " +"kom i fokus, delte de seg opp med hver sin individuelle stemme, og besluttet " +"å holde sine stemmer atskilt i sluttproduktet. Å arbeide på denne måten " +"krever både ydmykhet og selvtillit, og det har uten tvil gjort «Creative " +"Commons-lisensiert» til et bedre prosjekt." #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:218 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:219 msgid "" "Those who work and share in the commons are not typical creators. They are " "part of something greater than themselves, and what they offer us all is a " @@ -448,7 +488,7 @@ msgstr "" "Deres levne står i takknmelighets fellesskap." #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:224 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:225 msgid "" "Jonathan Mann, who is profiled in this book, writes a song a day. When I " "reached out to ask him to write a song for our Kickstarter (and to offer " @@ -459,25 +499,38 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" "Jonathan Mann, som er løftet frem i denne boken, skriver én dag en sang. Da " "jeg kontaktet han for å be om å skrive en sang til " -"folkefinansieringskampanjen (og tilby seg selv som en kronerullingspost deri)" -", stilte han umiddelbart opp. Hvorfor? -Fordi allmenningen kjerne er " +"folkefinansieringskampanjen (og tilby seg selv som en kronerullingspost " +"deri), stilte han umiddelbart opp. Hvorfor? -Fordi allmenningen kjerne er " "samarbeid, og gemenskap dens nøkkelverdi, og fordi CC-lisensene har hjulpet " "så mange å dele med et verdensomspennende publikum på egne premisser." #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:233 -msgid "" -"Sarah writes, “Endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons thrive when " -"community is built around what they do. This may mean a community " +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:234 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Sarah writes, “Endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons thrive when " +#| "community is built around what they do. This may mean a community " +#| "collaborating together to create something new, or it may simply be a " +#| "collection of like-minded people who get to know each other and rally " +#| "around common interests or beliefs. To a certain extent, simply being " +#| "Made with Creative Commons automatically brings with it some element of " +#| "community, by helping connect you to like-minded others who recognize and " +#| "are drawn to the values symbolized by using CC.” Amanda Palmer, the other " +#| "musician profiled in the book, would surely add this from her case study: " +#| "“There is no more satisfying end goal than having someone tell you that " +#| "what you do is genuinely of value to them.”" +msgid "" +"Sarah writes, <quote>Endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons thrive " +"when community is built around what they do. This may mean a community " "collaborating together to create something new, or it may simply be a " "collection of like-minded people who get to know each other and rally around " "common interests or beliefs. To a certain extent, simply being Made with " "Creative Commons automatically brings with it some element of community, by " "helping connect you to like-minded others who recognize and are drawn to the " -"values symbolized by using CC.” Amanda Palmer, the other musician profiled " -"in the book, would surely add this from her case study: “There is no more " -"satisfying end goal than having someone tell you that what you do is " -"genuinely of value to them.”" +"values symbolized by using CC.</quote> Amanda Palmer, the other musician " +"profiled in the book, would surely add this from her case study: " +"<quote>There is no more satisfying end goal than having someone tell you " +"that what you do is genuinely of value to them.</quote>" msgstr "" "Sarah skriver, «Innsats laget med Made with Creative Commons folker seg når " "allmenningen bygges rundt gjøremålet. Kanskje samarbeidsfellesskap skaper " @@ -490,7 +543,7 @@ msgstr "" "sluttprodukt enn å bli fortalt at det du gjør virkelig har verdi for dem.»" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:247 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:248 msgid "" "This is not a typical business book. For those looking for a recipe or a " "roadmap, you might be disappointed. But for those looking to pursue a social " @@ -509,15 +562,24 @@ msgstr "" "egne forretningsmuligheter, og to dusin doser ren inspirasjon." #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:257 -msgid "" -"In a 1996 Stanford Law Review article “The Zones of Cyberspace”, CC founder " -"Lawrence Lessig wrote, “Cyberspace is a place. People live there. They " -"experience all the sorts of things that they experience in real space, " -"there. For some, they experience more. They experience this not as isolated " -"individuals, playing some high tech computer game; they experience it in " -"groups, in communities, among strangers, among people they come to know, and " -"sometimes like.”" +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:258 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "In a 1996 Stanford Law Review article “The Zones of Cyberspace”, CC " +#| "founder Lawrence Lessig wrote, “Cyberspace is a place. People live there. " +#| "They experience all the sorts of things that they experience in real " +#| "space, there. For some, they experience more. They experience this not as " +#| "isolated individuals, playing some high tech computer game; they " +#| "experience it in groups, in communities, among strangers, among people " +#| "they come to know, and sometimes like.”" +msgid "" +"In a 1996 Stanford Law Review article <quote>The Zones of Cyberspace</" +"quote>, CC founder Lawrence Lessig wrote, <quote>Cyberspace is a place. " +"People live there. They experience all the sorts of things that they " +"experience in real space, there. For some, they experience more. They " +"experience this not as isolated individuals, playing some high tech computer " +"game; they experience it in groups, in communities, among strangers, among " +"people they come to know, and sometimes like.</quote>" msgstr "" "I en artikkel i Stanford Law Review i 1996, «The Zones of Cyberspace», skrev " "CC-grunnleggeren Lawrence Lessig: «Kyberrommet er et sted. Folk bor der. De " @@ -528,13 +590,20 @@ msgstr "" "like.»" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:266 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:268 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "I’m incredibly proud that Creative Commons is able to publish this book " +#| "for the many communities that we have come to know and like. I’m " +#| "grateful to Paul and Sarah for their creativity and insights, and to the " +#| "global communities that have helped us bring it to you. As CC board " +#| "member Johnathan Nightingale often says, “It’s all made of people.”" msgid "" "I’m incredibly proud that Creative Commons is able to publish this book for " "the many communities that we have come to know and like. I’m grateful to " "Paul and Sarah for their creativity and insights, and to the global " "communities that have helped us bring it to you. As CC board member " -"Johnathan Nightingale often says, “It’s all made of people.”" +"Johnathan Nightingale often says, <quote>It’s all made of people.</quote>" msgstr "" "Jeg er utrolig stolt av at Creative Commons klarer å utgi denne boken for de " "mange fellesskapene som vi har lært å kjenne og like. Jeg er takknemlig " @@ -543,27 +612,27 @@ msgstr "" "styremedlem Johnathan Nightingale ofte sier: «Alt er laget av mennesker.»" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:274 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:276 msgid "That’s the true value of things that are Made with Creative Commons." msgstr "Dette er den sanne verdien av ting som er laget med Creative Commons." #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:277 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:279 msgid "<emphasis>Ryan Merkley</emphasis>" msgstr "<emphasis>Ryan Merkley</emphasis>" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:280 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:282 msgid "<emphasis>CEO, Creative Commons</emphasis>" msgstr "<emphasis>Daglig leder, Creative Commons</emphasis>" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:284 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:286 msgid "Introduction" msgstr "Introduksjon" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:286 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:288 msgid "" "This book shows the world how sharing can be good for business—but with a " "twist." @@ -572,7 +641,18 @@ msgstr "" "en ny vri." #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:290 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:292 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "We began the project intending to explore how creators, organizations, " +#| "and businesses make money to sustain what they do when they share their " +#| "work using Creative Commons licenses. Our goal was not to identify a " +#| "formula for business models that use Creative Commons but instead gather " +#| "fresh ideas and dynamic examples that spark new, innovative models and " +#| "help others follow suit by building on what already works. At the onset, " +#| "we framed our investigation in familiar business terms. We created a " +#| "blank “open business model canvas,” an interactive online tool that would " +#| "help people design and analyze their business model." msgid "" "We began the project intending to explore how creators, organizations, and " "businesses make money to sustain what they do when they share their work " @@ -580,9 +660,9 @@ msgid "" "business models that use Creative Commons but instead gather fresh ideas and " "dynamic examples that spark new, innovative models and help others follow " "suit by building on what already works. At the onset, we framed our " -"investigation in familiar business terms. We created a blank “open business " -"model canvas,” an interactive online tool that would help people design and " -"analyze their business model." +"investigation in familiar business terms. We created a blank <quote>open " +"business model canvas,</quote> an interactive online tool that would help " +"people design and analyze their business model." msgstr "" "Vi startet prosjektet for å utforske hvordan skapere, organisasjoner og " "firmaer tjener penger på det de gjør når de deler arbeidet sitt med Creative " @@ -596,7 +676,7 @@ msgstr "" "forretningsmodeller." #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:302 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:304 msgid "" "Through the generous funding of Kickstarter backers, we set about this " "project first by identifying and selecting a diverse group of creators, " @@ -612,7 +692,7 @@ msgstr "" "og gjorde til sist dypdykk i litteraturen." #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:310 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:312 msgid "" "But as we did our research, something interesting happened. Our initial way " "of framing the work did not match the stories we were hearing." @@ -621,7 +701,7 @@ msgstr "" "forståelsesramme for arbeidet passet ikke med historiene vi hørte." #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:315 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:317 msgid "" "Those we interviewed were not typical businesses selling to consumers and " "seeking to maximize profits and the bottom line. Instead, they were sharing " @@ -636,13 +716,20 @@ msgstr "" "bærekraftig drift." #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:323 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:325 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "They often didn’t like hearing what they do described as an open business " +#| "model. Their endeavor was something more than that. Something different. " +#| "Something that generates not just economic value but social and cultural " +#| "value. Something that involves human connection. Being Made with Creative " +#| "Commons is not “business as usual.”" msgid "" "They often didn’t like hearing what they do described as an open business " "model. Their endeavor was something more than that. Something different. " "Something that generates not just economic value but social and cultural " "value. Something that involves human connection. Being Made with Creative " -"Commons is not “business as usual.”" +"Commons is not <quote>business as usual.</quote>" msgstr "" "Ofte tok de ikke til seg deres virke beskrevet som «åpen forretningsmodell». " "Deres foretagende var noe mer enn det. Noe annet. Noe som ikke bare ga " @@ -651,7 +738,7 @@ msgstr "" "det»." #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:331 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:333 msgid "" "We had to rethink the way we conceived of this project. And it didn’t happen " "overnight. From the fall of 2015 through 2016, we documented our thoughts in " @@ -668,7 +755,7 @@ msgstr "" "råd. Vår tenkning endret seg dramatisk i løpet av halvannet år." #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:340 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:342 msgid "" "Throughout the process, the two of us have often had very different ways of " "understanding and describing what we were learning. Learning from each other " @@ -685,7 +772,7 @@ msgstr "" "våre ulike, men utfyllende tilnærminger i henholdsvise seksjoner." #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:350 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:352 msgid "" "While we recommend that you read the book from start to finish, each section " "reads more or less independently. The book is structured into two main parts." @@ -694,7 +781,7 @@ msgstr "" "kapittelvis hver for seg." #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:355 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:357 msgid "" "Part one, the overview, begins with a big-picture framework written by Paul. " "He provides some historical context for the digital commons, describing the " @@ -711,7 +798,7 @@ msgstr "" "den digitale allmenning." #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:363 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:365 msgid "" "The overview continues with Sarah’s chapter, as she considers what it means " "to be successfully Made with Creative Commons. While making money is one " @@ -731,7 +818,7 @@ msgstr "" "forbindelser med folk de deler med." #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:373 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:375 msgid "" "And to end part one, we have a short section that explains the different " "Creative Commons licenses. We talk about the misconception that the more " @@ -744,7 +831,7 @@ msgstr "" "uforstand - er de eneste måtene å tjene penger på." #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:380 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:382 msgid "" "Part two of the book is made up of the twenty-four stories of the creators, " "businesses, and organizations we interviewed. While both of us participated " @@ -755,7 +842,7 @@ msgstr "" "skrivingen av profilene fordelt oss imellom deretter." #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:386 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:388 msgid "" "Of course, we are pleased to make the book available using a Creative " "Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license. Please copy, distribute, translate, " @@ -766,7 +853,7 @@ msgstr "" "distribuer, oversett, lokaliser, og bygg gjerne videre på dette arbeidet." #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:391 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:393 msgid "" "Writing this book has transformed and inspired us. The way we now look at " "and think about what it means to be Made with Creative Commons has " @@ -781,53 +868,62 @@ msgstr "" "til det bedre." #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:398 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:400 msgid "<emphasis>Paul and Sarah </emphasis>" msgstr "<emphasis>Paul og Sarah </emphasis>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:402 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:404 msgid "The Big Picture" msgstr "Det store bildet" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:404 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:406 msgid "The New World of Digital Commons" msgstr "Den digitale allmennings nye verden" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:406 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:408 msgid "Paul Stacey" msgstr "Paul Stacey" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:416 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:418 msgid "" "Jonathan Rowe, Our Common Wealth (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013), 14." msgstr "" "Jonathan Rowe, Our Common Wealth (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013), 14." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:409 -msgid "" -"Jonathan Rowe eloquently describes the commons as “the air and oceans, the " -"web of species, wilderness and flowing water—all are parts of the commons. " -"So are language and knowledge, sidewalks and public squares, the stories of " -"childhood and the processes of democracy. Some parts of the commons are " -"gifts of nature, others the product of human endeavor. Some are new, such as " -"the Internet; others are as ancient as soil and calligraphy.”<placeholder " -"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:411 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Jonathan Rowe eloquently describes the commons as “the air and oceans, " +#| "the web of species, wilderness and flowing water—all are parts of the " +#| "commons. So are language and knowledge, sidewalks and public squares, the " +#| "stories of childhood and the processes of democracy. Some parts of the " +#| "commons are gifts of nature, others the product of human endeavor. Some " +#| "are new, such as the Internet; others are as ancient as soil and " +#| "calligraphy.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +msgid "" +"Jonathan Rowe eloquently describes the commons as <quote>the air and oceans, " +"the web of species, wilderness and flowing water—all are parts of the " +"commons. So are language and knowledge, sidewalks and public squares, the " +"stories of childhood and the processes of democracy. Some parts of the " +"commons are gifts of nature, others the product of human endeavor. Some are " +"new, such as the Internet; others are as ancient as soil and calligraphy.</" +"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" "Jonathan Rowe beskriver elegant allmenningen som «luften og havene, " "nettverket av arter, villmark og rennende vann - alle er deler av " "allmenningen. Det samme er språk og kunnskap, fortau og torg, historier fra " "barndommen og demokratiske prosesser. Noen deler av allmenningen er gaver " "fra naturen, andre er resultat av menneskelige bestrebelser. Noen er nye, " -"for eksempel Internett; andre like eldgamle som jord og kalligrafi.»<" -"placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"for eksempel Internett; andre like eldgamle som jord og " +"kalligrafi.»<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:421 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:423 msgid "" "In Made with Creative Commons, we focus on our current era of digital " "commons, a commons of human-produced works. This commons cuts across a broad " @@ -848,7 +944,7 @@ msgstr "" "Creative Commons til deling av sine ressurser på Internett." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:436 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:438 msgid "" "David Bollier, Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of " "the Commons (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014), 176." @@ -857,12 +953,12 @@ msgstr "" "the Commons (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014), 176." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:444 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:446 msgid "Ibid., 15." msgstr "Ibid., 15." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:432 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:434 msgid "" "The commons is not just about shared resources, however. It’s also about the " "social practices and values that manage them. A resource is a noun, but to " @@ -877,29 +973,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" "Allmenningen er ikke bare dens delte ressurser, også iført sosial praksis og " "verdiene som igjen styrer den. En ressurs er et substantiv, men " -"allmenngjøring - å legge ressursen inn i allmenningen - er et verb.<" -"placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Produsenter, organisasjoner og " +"allmenngjøring - å legge ressursen inn i allmenningen - er et verb." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Produsenter, organisasjoner og " "bedrifter vi profilerer er alle engasjert i allmenngjøring. Deres bruk av " "Creative Commons impliserer dem i den sosiale gjennomføringen av " -"allmenngjøring, administrering av ressurser kollektivt i et " -"brukerfellesskap.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> Allmenngjøring " -"styres av et sett verdier og normer som balanserer kostnadene og fordelene " -"for foretaket med dem for fellesskapet. Særlig vekt er tillagt rettferdig " -"tilgang, bruk og bærekraft." +"allmenngjøring, administrering av ressurser kollektivt i et brukerfellesskap." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> Allmenngjøring styres av et sett " +"verdier og normer som balanserer kostnadene og fordelene for foretaket med " +"dem for fellesskapet. Særlig vekt er tillagt rettferdig tilgang, bruk og " +"bærekraft." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:451 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:453 msgid "The Commons, the Market, and the State" msgstr "Allmenningen, markedet, og staten" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:457 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:459 #, fuzzy msgid "Ibid., 145." msgstr "Ibid., 145." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:453 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:455 msgid "" "Historically, there have been three ways to manage resources and share " "wealth: the commons (managed collectively), the state (i.e., the " @@ -912,13 +1008,13 @@ msgstr "" "\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:466 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:468 #, fuzzy msgid "Ibid., 175." msgstr "Ibid., 175." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:461 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:463 msgid "" "The organizations and businesses in our case studies are unique in the way " "they participate in the commons while still engaging with the market and/or " @@ -939,7 +1035,7 @@ msgstr "" "med dem som gjelder for markedet eller staten." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:473 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:475 msgid "" "Fig. 1. is a depiction of how an enterprise can have varying levels of " "engagement with commons, state, and market." @@ -948,7 +1044,7 @@ msgstr "" "allemannseie, staten og markedet." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:477 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:479 msgid "" "Some of our case studies are simply commons and market enterprises with " "little or no engagement with the state. A depiction of those case studies " @@ -969,7 +1065,7 @@ msgstr "" "sammensetningen av styrende normer." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:488 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:490 msgid "" "All our case studies generate money as a means of livelihood and " "sustainability. Money is primarily of the market. Finding ways to generate " @@ -987,7 +1083,7 @@ msgstr "" "for verdier, og evnen til å kombinere det beste fra begge." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:497 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:499 msgid "" "The state has an important role to play in fostering the use and adoption of " "the commons. State programs and funding can deliberately contribute to and " @@ -1001,30 +1097,30 @@ msgstr "" "hensikt å fremme allemannseie." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><textobject><phrase> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:504 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:511 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:506 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:513 msgid "Enterprise engagement with commons, state and market." msgstr "" "En bedrifts varierende grad av engasjement i allemannseie, statlig henseende " "og markedet." #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:508 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:510 msgid "Pictures/10000201000008000000045C30360249076453E6.png" msgstr "Pictures/10000201000008000000045C30360249076453E6.png" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:506 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:555 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:673 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:802 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:844 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:929 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:508 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:557 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:675 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:804 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:846 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:934 msgid "<placeholder type=\"mediaobject\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "<placeholder type=\"mediaobject\" id=\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:517 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:519 msgid "" "It’s helpful to understand how the commons, market, and state manage " "resources differently, and not just for those who consider themselves " @@ -1044,17 +1140,23 @@ msgstr "" "vinnende strategi." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:528 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:530 msgid "The Four Aspects of a Resource" msgstr "De fire aspektene ved en ressurs" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:533 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:535 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Daniel H. Cole, “Learning from Lin: Lessons and Cautions from the Natural " +#| "Commons for the Knowledge Commons,” in Governing Knowledge Commons, eds. " +#| "Brett M. Frischmann, Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg (New " +#| "York: Oxford University Press, 2014), 53." msgid "" -"Daniel H. Cole, “Learning from Lin: Lessons and Cautions from the Natural " -"Commons for the Knowledge Commons,” in Governing Knowledge Commons, eds. " -"Brett M. Frischmann, Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg (New " -"York: Oxford University Press, 2014), 53." +"Daniel H. Cole, <quote>Learning from Lin: Lessons and Cautions from the " +"Natural Commons for the Knowledge Commons,</quote> in Governing Knowledge " +"Commons, eds. Brett M. Frischmann, Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. " +"Strandburg (New York: Oxford University Press, 2014), 53." msgstr "" "Daniel H. Cole, «Learning from Lin: Lessons and Cautions from the Natural " "Commons for the Knowledge Commons», i Governing Knowledge Commons, red. " @@ -1062,7 +1164,7 @@ msgstr "" "York: Oxford University Press, 2014), 53." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:530 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:532 msgid "" "As part of her Nobel Prize–winning work, Elinor Ostrom developed a framework " "for analyzing how natural resources are managed in a commons.<placeholder " @@ -1081,7 +1183,7 @@ msgstr "" "felleseie, markedet og staten, det offentlige, for dette kapitlet." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:546 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:548 msgid "" "To compare and contrast the ways in which the commons, market, and state " "work, let’s consider four aspects of resource management: resource " @@ -1097,23 +1199,23 @@ msgstr "" "2)." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><textobject><phrase> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:554 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:560 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:556 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:562 msgid "Four aspects of resource management" msgstr "Fire aspekter ved ressursbehandling" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:557 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:559 msgid "Pictures/10000201000007D0000007D0ACF13F8B71EAF0B9.png" msgstr "Pictures/10000201000007D0000007D0ACF13F8B71EAF0B9.png" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:566 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:568 msgid "Characteristics" msgstr "Karakteristika" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:568 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:570 msgid "" "Resources have particular characteristics or attributes that affect the way " "they can be used. Some resources are natural; others are human produced. And—" @@ -1126,7 +1228,7 @@ msgstr "" "påvirker det iboende ressurspotensialet." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:575 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:577 msgid "" "Physical resources exist in limited supply. If I have a physical resource " "and give it to you, I no longer have it. When a resource is removed and " @@ -1145,7 +1247,7 @@ msgstr "" "gode, krever vanligvis at man har med markedet å gjøre." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:586 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:588 msgid "" "Physical resources are depletable, exclusive, and rivalrous. Digital " "resources, on the other hand, are nondepletable, nonexclusive, and " @@ -1164,7 +1266,7 @@ msgstr "" "karakteristikk ved digitale ressurser." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:596 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:598 msgid "" "The nondepletable, nonexclusive, and nonrivalrous nature of digital " "resources means the rules and norms for managing them can (and ought to) be " @@ -1180,7 +1282,7 @@ msgstr "" "rikelige." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:604 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:606 msgid "" "Our case studies frequently manage hybrid resources, which start out as " "digital with the possibility of being made into a physical resource. The " @@ -1199,7 +1301,7 @@ msgstr "" "ressurs til noe fysisk." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:615 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:617 msgid "" "Beyond this idea of physical versus digital, the commons, market, and state " "conceive of resources differently (see Fig. 3). The market sees resources " @@ -1218,12 +1320,12 @@ msgstr "" "form til fremtidige generasjoner." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:626 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:628 msgid "People and processes" msgstr "Folk og prosesser" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:628 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:630 msgid "" "In the commons, the market, and the state, different people and processes " "are used to manage resources. The processes used define both who has a say " @@ -1234,7 +1336,7 @@ msgstr "" "har innflytelse og hvordan en ressurs håndteres." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:633 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:635 msgid "" "In the state, a government of elected officials is responsible for managing " "resources on behalf of the public. The citizens who produce and use those " @@ -1251,7 +1353,7 @@ msgstr "" "administrerer ressurser basert på regjeringens prioriteringer og prosedyrer." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:642 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:644 msgid "" "In the market, the people involved are producers, buyers, sellers, and " "consumers. Businesses act as intermediaries between those who produce " @@ -1268,7 +1370,7 @@ msgstr "" "grunnlag av en betalingstransaksjon." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:653 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:655 #, fuzzy msgid "" "Max Haiven, Crises of Imagination, Crises of Power: Capitalism, Creativity " @@ -1278,7 +1380,7 @@ msgstr "" "and the Commons (New York: Zed-bøker, 2014), 93." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:651 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:653 #, fuzzy msgid "" "In contrast to the state and market, resources in a commons are managed more " @@ -1309,23 +1411,23 @@ msgstr "" "anonymt og mer personlig." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><mediaobject><textobject><phrase> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:671 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:678 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:673 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:680 msgid "How the market, commons and state concieve of resources." msgstr "Hvordan markedet, fellesskap og staten oppfatter ressurser." #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:675 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:677 msgid "Pictures/10000201000009C40000065D9EC4F530BD4DFBE0.png" msgstr "Pictures/10000201000009C40000065D9EC4F530BD4DFBE0.png" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:685 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:687 msgid "Norms and rules" msgstr "Normer og regler" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:687 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:689 msgid "" "The social interactions between people, and the processes used by the state, " "market, and commons, evolve social norms and rules. These norms and rules " @@ -1337,7 +1439,7 @@ msgstr "" "disputter." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:693 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:695 msgid "" "State authority is governed by national constitutions. Norms related to " "priorities and decision making are defined by elected officials and " @@ -1352,7 +1454,7 @@ msgstr "" "allemannseie gjennom de reglene som lages." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:701 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:703 msgid "" "Market norms are influenced by economics and competition for scarce " "resources. Market rules follow property, business, and financial laws " @@ -1363,13 +1465,13 @@ msgstr "" "definert av staten." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:713 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:715 #, fuzzy msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 175." msgstr "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 175." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:706 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:708 msgid "" "As with the market, a commons can be influenced by state policies, " "regulations, and laws. But the norms and rules of a commons are largely " @@ -1386,12 +1488,12 @@ msgstr "" "type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:718 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:720 msgid "Goals" msgstr "Mål" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:720 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:722 msgid "" "The combination of the aspects we’ve discussed so far—the resource’s " "inherent characteristics, people and processes, and norms and rules—shape " @@ -1403,13 +1505,13 @@ msgstr "" "svarer til målene til stat, marked og allmenning." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:732 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:734 #, fuzzy msgid "" -"Joshua Farley and Ida Kubiszewski, “The Economics of Information in a Post-" -"Carbon Economy,” in Free Knowledge: Confronting the Commodification of Human " -"Discovery, eds. Patricia W. Elliott and Daryl H. Hepting (Regina, SK: " -"University of Regina Press, 2015), 201–4." +"Joshua Farley and Ida Kubiszewski, <quote>The Economics of Information in a " +"Post-Carbon Economy,</quote> in Free Knowledge: Confronting the " +"Commodification of Human Discovery, eds. Patricia W. Elliott and Daryl H. " +"Hepting (Regina, SK: University of Regina Press, 2015), 201–4." msgstr "" "Joshua Farley og Ida Kubiszewski, “The Economics of Information in a Post-" "Carbon Economy,” i Free Knowledge: Confronting the Commodification of Human " @@ -1417,7 +1519,7 @@ msgstr "" "University of Regina Press, 2015), 201–4." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:727 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:729 msgid "" "In the market, the focus is on maximizing the utility of a resource. What we " "pay for the goods we consume is seen as an objective measure of the utility " @@ -1428,12 +1530,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" "I markedet, fokuseres det på å maksimere nytten av en ressurs. Hva vi " "betaler for varene vi forbruker, sees som et objektivt mål på den nytten de " -"høver. Målet blir da å maksimere den totale økonomiske pengeverdien.<" -"placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Forbrukte enheter forstås som " +"høver. Målet blir da å maksimere den totale økonomiske pengeverdien." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Forbrukte enheter forstås som " "salg, inntekter, fortjeneste og vekst, alle disse måter å måle markedet på." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:742 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:744 msgid "" "The state aims to use and manage resources in a way that balances the " "economy with the social and cultural needs of its citizens. Health care, " @@ -1450,7 +1552,7 @@ msgstr "" "livskvalitet." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:751 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:753 #, fuzzy msgid "" "In the commons, the goal is maximizing access, equity, distribution, " @@ -1468,7 +1570,7 @@ msgstr "" "goder." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:760 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:762 msgid "" "As hybrid combinations of the commons with the market or state, the success " "and sustainability of all our case study enterprises depends on their " @@ -1481,12 +1583,12 @@ msgstr "" "ressurshåndtering." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:768 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:770 msgid "A Short History of the Commons" msgstr "En kort historie om almenningen" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:770 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:772 msgid "" "Using the commons to manage resources is part of a long historical " "continuum. However, in contemporary society, the market and the state " @@ -1502,7 +1604,7 @@ msgstr "" "bevissthet og omtanke. Det finnes ingen nyheter eller taler om allmenningen." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:779 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:781 msgid "" "But the more than 1.1 billion resources licensed with Creative Commons " "around the world are indications of a grassroots move toward the commons. " @@ -1516,7 +1618,7 @@ msgstr "" "pågående fornyelsen er det nyttig å vite noe om dens historie." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:790 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:792 #, fuzzy msgid "" "Rowe, Our Common Wealth, 19; and Heather Menzies, Reclaiming the Commons for " @@ -1528,7 +1630,7 @@ msgstr "" "2014), 42–43." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:786 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:788 msgid "" "For centuries, indigenous people and preindustrialized societies managed " "resources, including water, food, firewood, irrigation, fish, wild game, and " @@ -1548,24 +1650,24 @@ msgstr "" "illustrerer allemannseie i forhold til stat og marked.)" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><textobject><phrase> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:801 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:807 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:803 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:809 msgid "In preindustrialized society." msgstr "I det førindustrielle samfunnet." #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:804 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:806 msgid "Pictures/10000201000009C4000005153EACBD62F00F6BA9.png" msgstr "Pictures/10000201000009C4000005153EACBD62F00F6BA9.png" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:816 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:818 #, fuzzy msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 55–78." msgstr "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 55–78." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:820 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:822 #, fuzzy msgid "" "Fritjof Capra and Ugo Mattei, The Ecology of Law: Toward a Legal System in " @@ -1577,27 +1679,28 @@ msgstr "" "og Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 88." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:813 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:815 #, fuzzy msgid "" "This is followed by a long history of the state (a monarchy or ruler) taking " "over the commons for their own purposes. This is called enclosure of the " -"commons.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> In olden days, “commoners” " -"were evicted from the land, fences and hedges erected, laws passed, and " -"security set up to forbid access.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> " -"Gradually, resources became the property of the state and the state became " -"the primary means by which resources were managed. (See Fig. 5)." +"commons.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> In olden days, " +"<quote>commoners</quote> were evicted from the land, fences and hedges " +"erected, laws passed, and security set up to forbid access.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> Gradually, resources became the property of the " +"state and the state became the primary means by which resources were " +"managed. (See Fig. 5)." msgstr "" "Fulgt av en lang historie der staten (monarkiet eller en makthaver) overtar " -"allmenningen til egne formål. Dette kalles innkapsling av allemannseie.<" -"placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> I gamle dager ble «commoners» " +"allmenningen til egne formål. Dette kalles innkapsling av allemannseie." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> I gamle dager ble «commoners» " "kastet ut fra land, gjerder og hekker reist, lover og sikkerhet satt opp for " "å forby adgang.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> Gradvis ble " "ressursene statens eiendom, og staten ble det primære verktøy for styring av " "disse ressursene. (Se Fig. 5)." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:829 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:831 msgid "" "Holdings of land, water, and game were distributed to ruling family and " "political appointees. Commoners displaced from the land migrated to cities. " @@ -1622,18 +1725,18 @@ msgstr "" "markedet i dag er hovedmåten for ressurshåndtering." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><textobject><phrase> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:843 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:849 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:845 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:851 msgid "The commons is gradually superseded by the state." msgstr "Almenningen er gradvis erstattet av staten." #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:846 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:848 msgid "Pictures/10000201000009C4000005150F069409C1CC12F0.png" msgstr "Pictures/10000201000009C4000005150F069409C1CC12F0.png" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:855 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:857 msgid "" "However, the world today is going through turbulent times. The benefits of " "the market have been offset by unequal distribution and overexploitation." @@ -1642,47 +1745,74 @@ msgstr "" "motvirket av ulik fordeling og rovdrift." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:860 -msgid "" -"Overexploitation was the topic of Garrett Hardin’s influential essay “The " -"Tragedy of the Commons,” published in Science in 1968. Hardin argues that " -"everyone in a commons seeks to maximize personal gain and will continue to " -"do so even when the limits of the commons are reached. The commons is then " -"tragically depleted to the point where it can no longer support anyone. " -"Hardin’s essay became widely accepted as an economic truism and a " -"justification for private property and free markets." -msgstr "" -"Overutnyttelse var tema for Garrett Hardins innflytelsesrike essay om «" -"Allmenningens tragedie», publisert i Science i 1968. Hardin hevder at alle i " -"et allmannseie søker å maksimere personlig vinning, og vil fortsette å gjøre " -"det selv når allmenningens grenser er nådd. Felleseiet blir så, tragisk nok, " -"utarmet til et punkt der det ikke tjener noen. Hardins essay ble allment " -"akseptert som en økonomisk sannhet og en begrunnelse for privat eiendom og " -"frie markeder." +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:862 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Overexploitation was the topic of Garrett Hardin’s influential essay “The " +#| "Tragedy of the Commons,” published in Science in 1968. Hardin argues that " +#| "everyone in a commons seeks to maximize personal gain and will continue " +#| "to do so even when the limits of the commons are reached. The commons is " +#| "then tragically depleted to the point where it can no longer support " +#| "anyone. Hardin’s essay became widely accepted as an economic truism and a " +#| "justification for private property and free markets." +msgid "" +"Overexploitation was the topic of Garrett Hardin’s influential essay " +"<quote>The Tragedy of the Commons,</quote> published in Science in 1968. " +"Hardin argues that everyone in a commons seeks to maximize personal gain and " +"will continue to do so even when the limits of the commons are reached. The " +"commons is then tragically depleted to the point where it can no longer " +"support anyone. Hardin’s essay became widely accepted as an economic truism " +"and a justification for private property and free markets." +msgstr "" +"Overutnyttelse var tema for Garrett Hardins innflytelsesrike essay om " +"«Allmenningens tragedie», publisert i Science i 1968. Hardin hevder at alle " +"i et allmannseie søker å maksimere personlig vinning, og vil fortsette å " +"gjøre det selv når allmenningens grenser er nådd. Felleseiet blir så, " +"tragisk nok, utarmet til et punkt der det ikke tjener noen. Hardins essay " +"ble allment akseptert som en økonomisk sannhet og en begrunnelse for privat " +"eiendom og frie markeder." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:887 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:890 #, fuzzy msgid "" "Brett M. Frischmann, Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg, " -"“Governing Knowledge Commons,” in Frischmann, Madison, and Strandburg " -"Governing Knowledge Commons, 12." +"<quote>Governing Knowledge Commons,</quote> in Frischmann, Madison, and " +"Strandburg Governing Knowledge Commons, 12." msgstr "" -"Brett M. Frischmann, Michael J. Madison, og Katherine J. Strandburg, “" -"Governing Knowledge Commons,” i Frischmann, Madison, og Strandburg Governing " -"Knowledge Commons, 12." +"Brett M. Frischmann, Michael J. Madison, og Katherine J. Strandburg, " +"“Governing Knowledge Commons,” i Frischmann, Madison, og Strandburg " +"Governing Knowledge Commons, 12." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:870 -msgid "" -"However, there is one serious flaw with Hardin’s “The Tragedy of the " -"Commons”—it’s fiction. Hardin did not actually study how real commons work. " -"Elinor Ostrom won the 2009 Nobel Prize in economics for her work studying " -"different commons all around the world. Ostrom’s work shows that natural " -"resource commons can be successfully managed by local communities without " -"any regulation by central authorities or without privatization. Government " -"and privatization are not the only two choices. There is a third way: " -"management by the people, where those that are directly impacted are " +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:873 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "However, there is one serious flaw with Hardin’s “The Tragedy of the " +#| "Commons”—it’s fiction. Hardin did not actually study how real commons " +#| "work. Elinor Ostrom won the 2009 Nobel Prize in economics for her work " +#| "studying different commons all around the world. Ostrom’s work shows that " +#| "natural resource commons can be successfully managed by local communities " +#| "without any regulation by central authorities or without privatization. " +#| "Government and privatization are not the only two choices. There is a " +#| "third way: management by the people, where those that are directly " +#| "impacted are directly involved. With natural resources, there is a " +#| "regional locality. The people in the region are the most familiar with " +#| "the natural resource, have the most direct relationship and history with " +#| "it, and are therefore best situated to manage it. Ostrom’s approach to " +#| "the governance of natural resources broke with convention; she recognized " +#| "the importance of the commons as an alternative to the market or state " +#| "for solving problems of collective action.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " +#| "id=\"0\"/>" +msgid "" +"However, there is one serious flaw with Hardin’s <quote>The Tragedy of the " +"Commons</quote>—it’s fiction. Hardin did not actually study how real commons " +"work. Elinor Ostrom won the 2009 Nobel Prize in economics for her work " +"studying different commons all around the world. Ostrom’s work shows that " +"natural resource commons can be successfully managed by local communities " +"without any regulation by central authorities or without privatization. " +"Government and privatization are not the only two choices. There is a third " +"way: management by the people, where those that are directly impacted are " "directly involved. With natural resources, there is a regional locality. The " "people in the region are the most familiar with the natural resource, have " "the most direct relationship and history with it, and are therefore best " @@ -1708,7 +1838,7 @@ msgstr "" "felles innsats.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:893 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:897 msgid "" "Hardin failed to consider the actual social dynamic of the commons. His " "model assumed that people in the commons act autonomously, out of pure self-" @@ -1729,17 +1859,17 @@ msgstr "" "tragedie, burde det kanskje mer nøyaktig hatt tittelen Markedets tragedie." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:909 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:913 #, fuzzy msgid "" -"Farley and Kubiszewski, “Economics of Information,” in Elliott and Hepting, " -"Free Knowledge, 203." +"Farley and Kubiszewski, <quote>Economics of Information,</quote> in Elliott " +"and Hepting, Free Knowledge, 203." msgstr "" "Farley og Kubiszewski, «Economics of Information», i Elliott og Hepting, " "Free Knowledge, 203." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:905 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:909 msgid "" "Hardin’s story is based on the premise of depletable resources. Economists " "have focused almost exclusively on scarcity-based markets. Very little is " @@ -1753,16 +1883,16 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" "Hardins historie er basert på forutsetningen om begrensede ressurser. " "Økonomer har fokusert nesten utelukkende på knapphetsbaserte markeder. " -"Svært lite er kjent om virkningene av overflod.<placeholder type=\"footnote\"" -" id=\"0\"/> Fremveksten av informasjonsteknologi og Internett har ført til " -"en eksplosjon av digitale ressurser og nye måter for deling og distribusjon. " -"De digitale ressursene kan aldri bli utarmet. Fravær av en teori eller " -"modell for hvordan overflod fungerer, har ledet markedet til å innføre " -"kunstig knapphet for digitale ressurser, noe som gjør det mulig å anvende " -"markedets vanlige normer og regler." +"Svært lite er kjent om virkningene av overflod.<placeholder type=\"footnote" +"\" id=\"0\"/> Fremveksten av informasjonsteknologi og Internett har ført " +"til en eksplosjon av digitale ressurser og nye måter for deling og " +"distribusjon. De digitale ressursene kan aldri bli utarmet. Fravær av en " +"teori eller modell for hvordan overflod fungerer, har ledet markedet til å " +"innføre kunstig knapphet for digitale ressurser, noe som gjør det mulig å " +"anvende markedets vanlige normer og regler." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:920 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:925 msgid "" "When it comes to use of state funds to create digital goods, however, there " "is really no justification for artificial scarcity. The norm for state " @@ -1775,23 +1905,23 @@ msgstr "" "tilgjengelige for allmennheten som betalte for dem." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><textobject><phrase> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:927 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:934 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:932 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:939 msgid "How the market, the state and the commons look today." msgstr "Hvordan markedet, staten og commons ser ut i dag." #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:931 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:936 msgid "Pictures/10000201000009C400000515F1CAA15B223F6BAF.png" msgstr "Pictures/10000201000009C400000515F1CAA15B223F6BAF.png" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:941 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:946 msgid "The Digital Revolution" msgstr "Den digitale revolusjonen" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:943 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:948 msgid "" "In the early days of computing, programmers and developers learned from each " "other by sharing software. In the 1980s, the free-software movement codified " @@ -1802,12 +1932,12 @@ msgstr "" "bevegelsen denne delingspraksisen i et sett prinsipper og friheter:" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:951 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:956 msgid "The freedom to run a software program as you wish, for any purpose." msgstr "Frihet til å kjøre et program som du ønsker, til ethvert formål." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:957 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:962 #, fuzzy msgid "" "The freedom to study how a software program works (because access to the " @@ -1819,34 +1949,34 @@ msgstr "" "slik du ønsker." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:964 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:969 msgid "The freedom to redistribute copies." msgstr "Friheten til å videredistribuere kopier." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:971 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:975 #, fuzzy msgid "" -"“What Is Free Software?” GNU Operating System, the Free Software " -"Foundation’s Licensing and Compliance Lab, accessed December 30, 2016, " -"<ulink url=\"http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw\"/>." +"<quote>What Is Free Software?</quote> GNU Operating System, the Free " +"Software Foundation’s Licensing and Compliance Lab, accessed December 30, " +"2016, <ulink url=\"http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw\"/>." msgstr "" -"“What Is Free Software?” GNU Operating System, the Free Software Foundation’" -"s Licensing and Compliance Lab, besøkt 30. desember 2016, <ulink url=\"" -"http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw\"/>." +"“What Is Free Software?” GNU Operating System, the Free Software " +"Foundation’s Licensing and Compliance Lab, besøkt 30. desember 2016, <ulink " +"url=\"http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw\"/>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:969 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:974 #, fuzzy msgid "" "The freedom to distribute copies of your modified versions to others." "<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" -"Friheten til å distribuere kopier av dine modifiserte versjoner til andre.<" -"placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"Friheten til å distribuere kopier av dine modifiserte versjoner til andre." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:980 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:984 msgid "" "These principles and freedoms constitute a set of norms and rules that " "typify a digital commons." @@ -1855,13 +1985,17 @@ msgstr "" "karakteriserer et digitalt felleseie." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:995 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:999 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Wikipedia, s.v. “Open-source software,” last modified November 22, 2016." msgid "" -"Wikipedia, s.v. “Open-source software,” last modified November 22, 2016." +"Wikipedia, s.v. <quote>Open-source software,</quote> last modified November " +"22, 2016." msgstr "Wikipedia, s.v. “Open-source software,” sist endret 22. november 2016." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:984 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:988 #, fuzzy msgid "" "In the late 1990s, to make the sharing of source code and collaboration more " @@ -1885,19 +2019,19 @@ msgstr "" "fagfellevurderinger, ble anerkjent og akseptert. Kundene likte måten fri " "programvare ga dem kontroll uten å bli låst inn i en lukket, proprietær " "teknologi. Fri programvare genereres også en nettverkseffekt der verdien av " -"et produkt eller tjeneste øker med antall personer som bruker det.<" -"placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Den dramatiske veksten i selve " +"et produkt eller tjeneste øker med antall personer som bruker det." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Den dramatiske veksten i selve " "Internettet skyldes mye det faktum at ingen har en proprietær lås på " "sentrale Internett-protokoller." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1010 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1014 #, fuzzy msgid "" -"Eric S. Raymond, “The Magic Cauldron,” in The Cathedral and the Bazaar: " -"Musings on Linux and Open Source by an Accidental Revolutionary, rev. ed. " -"(Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, 2001), <ulink url=\"http://www.catb.org/esr/" -"writings/cathedral-bazaar/\"/>." +"Eric S. Raymond, <quote>The Magic Cauldron,</quote> in The Cathedral and the " +"Bazaar: Musings on Linux and Open Source by an Accidental Revolutionary, " +"rev. ed. (Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, 2001), <ulink url=\"http://www." +"catb.org/esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/\"/>." msgstr "" "Eric S. Raymond, “The Magic Cauldron,” i The Cathedral and the Bazaar: " "Musings on Linux and Open Source by an Accidental Revolutionary, revidert " @@ -1905,17 +2039,17 @@ msgstr "" "org/esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/\"/>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1002 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1006 #, fuzzy msgid "" "While open-source software functions as a commons, many businesses and " "markets did build up around it. Business models based on the licenses and " "standards of open-source software evolved alongside organizations that " "managed software code on principles of abundance rather than scarcity. Eric " -"Raymond’s essay “The Magic Cauldron” does a great job of analyzing the " -"economics and business models associated with open-source software." -"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> These models can provide examples " -"of sustainable approaches for those Made with Creative Commons." +"Raymond’s essay <quote>The Magic Cauldron</quote> does a great job of " +"analyzing the economics and business models associated with open-source " +"software.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> These models can provide " +"examples of sustainable approaches for those Made with Creative Commons." msgstr "" "Mens fri programvare fungerer som et felleseie, bygd med mange bedrifter og " "markeder rundt seg. Forretningsmodeller basert på lisenser og standarder for " @@ -1927,7 +2061,7 @@ msgstr "" "bærekraftige tilnærminger for dem laget med Creative Commons." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1019 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1023 msgid "" "It isn’t just about an abundant availability of digital assets but also " "about abundance of participation. The growth of personal computing, " @@ -1952,7 +2086,7 @@ msgstr "" "å bruke det, uten gitt tillatelse." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1038 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1042 #, fuzzy msgid "" "New York Times Customer Insight Group, The Psychology of Sharing: Why Do " @@ -1960,11 +2094,11 @@ msgid "" "2011), <ulink url=\"http://www.iab.net/media/file/POSWhitePaper.pdf\"/>." msgstr "" "New York Times Customer Insight Group, The Psychology of Sharing: Why Do " -"People Share Online? (New York: New York Times Customer Insight Group, 2011)" -", <ulink url=\"http://www.iab.net/media/file/POSWhitePaper.pdf\"/>." +"People Share Online? (New York: New York Times Customer Insight Group, " +"2011), <ulink url=\"http://www.iab.net/media/file/POSWhitePaper.pdf\"/>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1032 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1036 msgid "" "But people like to share. One of the ways we define ourselves is by sharing " "valuable and entertaining content. Doing so grows and nourishes " @@ -1979,12 +2113,12 @@ msgstr "" "følt involvering i verden.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1046 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1050 msgid "The Birth of Creative Commons" msgstr "Creative Commons blir til" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1048 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1052 msgid "" "In 2001, Creative Commons was created as a nonprofit to support all those " "who wanted to share digital content. A suite of Creative Commons licenses " @@ -2002,19 +2136,19 @@ msgstr "" "arbeid." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1069 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1072 #, fuzzy msgid "" -"“Licensing Considerations,” Creative Commons, accessed December 30, 2016, " -"<ulink url=\"http://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/licensing-" +"<quote>Licensing Considerations,</quote> Creative Commons, accessed December " +"30, 2016, <ulink url=\"http://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/licensing-" "considerations/\"/>." msgstr "" -"“Licensing Considerations,” Creative Commons, vist 30. desember, 2016, <" -"ulink url=\"http://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/" -"licensing-considerations/\"/>." +"“Licensing Considerations,” Creative Commons, vist 30. desember, 2016, " +"<ulink url=\"http://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/licensing-" +"considerations/\"/>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1057 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1061 msgid "" "Creative Commons licenses have a three-layer design. The norms and rules of " "each license are first expressed in full legal language as used by lawyers. " @@ -2043,7 +2177,7 @@ msgstr "" "selv forstår normer og regler for digitalt innhold i et allemannseie." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1077 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1080 #, fuzzy msgid "" "In 2015, there were over one billion Creative Commons licensed works in a " @@ -2059,7 +2193,7 @@ msgstr "" "tidsskrifter, pedagogiske ressurser, musikk og andre lydspor, samt videoer." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1090 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1093 #, fuzzy msgid "" "Creative Commons, 2015 State of the Commons (Mountain View, CA: Creative " @@ -2069,7 +2203,7 @@ msgstr "" "Commons, 2015), <ulink url=\"http://stateof.creativecommons.org/2015/\"/>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1085 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1088 msgid "" "Individual artists, photographers, musicians, and filmmakers use Creative " "Commons, but so do museums, governments, creative industries, manufacturers, " @@ -2088,7 +2222,7 @@ msgstr "" "referanseløsninger ble valgt for å reflektere dette mangfoldet.)" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1098 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1101 msgid "" "Some see Creative Commons as a way to share a gift with others, a way of " "getting known, or a way to provide social benefit. Others are simply " @@ -2111,7 +2245,7 @@ msgstr "" "bevegelsen." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1110 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1113 #, fuzzy msgid "" "Over time, Creative Commons has spawned a range of open movements, including " @@ -2127,19 +2261,19 @@ msgstr "" "fritt å ha tilgang, bruke, og endre." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1123 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1126 #, fuzzy msgid "" -"Wikipedia, s.v. “Open Government Partnership,” last modified September 24, " -"2016, <ulink url=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Government_Partnership" -"\"/>." +"Wikipedia, s.v. <quote>Open Government Partnership,</quote> last modified " +"September 24, 2016, <ulink url=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/" +"Open_Government_Partnership\"/>." msgstr "" "Wikipedia, s.v. “Open Government Partnership,” sist endret 24 september " -"2016, <ulink url=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Government_Partnership\"" -"/>." +"2016, <ulink url=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Government_Partnership" +"\"/>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1118 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1121 msgid "" "The state is increasingly involved in supporting open movements. The Open " "Government Partnership was launched in 2011 to provide an international " @@ -2163,24 +2297,24 @@ msgstr "" "betalte for dem." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1134 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1137 msgid "The Changing Market" msgstr "Markedet i forandring" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1142 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1145 #, fuzzy msgid "Capra and Mattei, Ecology of Law, 114." msgstr "Capra og Mattei, Ecology of Law, 114." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1150 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1153 #, fuzzy msgid "Ibid., 116." msgstr "Ibid., 116." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1136 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1139 msgid "" "Today’s market is largely driven by global capitalism. Law and financial " "systems are structured to support extraction, privatization, and corporate " @@ -2198,8 +2332,8 @@ msgstr "" "finanssystemer er strukturert til støtte i inntjening, privatisering og " "bedrifters vekst. En oppfatning om at markedet er mer effektivt enn det " "offentlige, har ført til en kontinuerlig privatisering av mange offentlige " -"ressurser, hjelpemidler, tjenester og infrastruktur.<placeholder type=\"" -"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Mens dette systemet har vært svært effektivt til " +"ressurser, hjelpemidler, tjenester og infrastruktur.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Mens dette systemet har vært svært effektivt til " "generering av forbruk og vekst i bruttonasjonalproduktet, har innvirkningen " "på menneskets trivsel vært blandet. Motstykket til økende levestandard og " "forbedringer i helse og utdanning er stadig økende ulikheter i rikdom, " @@ -2207,11 +2341,11 @@ msgstr "" "demokratiske sammenbrudd.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1160 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1163 #, fuzzy msgid "" -"The Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency, “Stockholm " -"Statement” accessed February 15, 2017, <ulink url=\"http://sida.se/" +"The Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency, <quote>Stockholm " +"Statement</quote> accessed February 15, 2017, <ulink url=\"http://sida.se/" "globalassets/sida/eng/press/stockholm-statement.pdf\"/>" msgstr "" "The Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency, “Stockholm " @@ -2219,7 +2353,7 @@ msgstr "" "sida/eng/press/stockholm-statement.pdf\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1154 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1157 msgid "" "In light of these challenges there is a growing recognition that GDP growth " "should not be an end in itself, that development needs to be socially and " @@ -2234,7 +2368,7 @@ msgstr "" "bedre.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1171 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1175 #, fuzzy msgid "" "City of Bologna, Regulation on Collaboration between Citizens and the City " @@ -2246,13 +2380,13 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" "City of Bologna, Regulation on Collaboration between Citizens and the City " "for the Care and Regeneration of Urban Commons, trans. LabGov (LABoratory " -"for the GOVernance of Commons) (Bologna, Italy: City of Bologna, 2014), <" -"ulink url=\"http://www.labgov.it/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/Bologna-" +"for the GOVernance of Commons) (Bologna, Italy: City of Bologna, 2014), " +"<ulink url=\"http://www.labgov.it/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/Bologna-" "Regulation-on-collaboration-between-citizens-and-the-city-for-the-cure-and-" "regeneration-of-urban-commons1.pdf\"/>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1181 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1185 #, fuzzy msgid "" "The Seoul Sharing City website is <ulink url=\"http://english.sharehub.kr\"/" @@ -2264,16 +2398,26 @@ msgstr "" "nl/amsterdam-sharing-city/\"/>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1166 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1170 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "These realizations have led to a resurgence of interest in the commons as " +#| "a means of enabling that balance. City governments like Bologna, Italy, " +#| "are collaborating with their citizens to put in place regulations for the " +#| "care and regeneration of urban commons.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" +#| "\"0\"/> Seoul and Amsterdam call themselves “sharing cities,” looking to " +#| "make sustainable and more efficient use of scarce resources. They see " +#| "sharing as a way to improve the use of public spaces, mobility, social " +#| "cohesion, and safety.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" msgid "" "These realizations have led to a resurgence of interest in the commons as a " "means of enabling that balance. City governments like Bologna, Italy, are " "collaborating with their citizens to put in place regulations for the care " "and regeneration of urban commons.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> " -"Seoul and Amsterdam call themselves “sharing cities,” looking to make " -"sustainable and more efficient use of scarce resources. They see sharing as " -"a way to improve the use of public spaces, mobility, social cohesion, and " -"safety.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" +"Seoul and Amsterdam call themselves <quote>sharing cities,</quote> looking " +"to make sustainable and more efficient use of scarce resources. They see " +"sharing as a way to improve the use of public spaces, mobility, social " +"cohesion, and safety.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" msgstr "" "Disse erkjennelser har ført til fornyet interesse i allemannseiets " "muliggjøring av en slik balanse. Byregjeringer, som italienske Bologna, " @@ -2281,11 +2425,11 @@ msgstr "" "av bymessige felleseier.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Seoul og " "Amsterdam kaller seg «delingsbyer», når de søker å få til bærekraftig og mer " "effektiv bruk av knappe ressurser. De ser deling som en måte å forbedre " -"bruken av det offentlige rom, mobilitet, sosialt samhold og sikkerhet.<" -"placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" +"bruken av det offentlige rom, mobilitet, sosialt samhold og sikkerhet." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1198 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1202 #, fuzzy msgid "" "Tom Slee, What’s Yours Is Mine: Against the Sharing Economy (New York: OR " @@ -2295,7 +2439,7 @@ msgstr "" "Books, 2015), 42." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1188 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1192 msgid "" "The market itself has taken an interest in the sharing economy, with " "businesses like Airbnb providing a peer-to-peer marketplace for short-term " @@ -2321,8 +2465,8 @@ msgstr "" "forstå som tradisjonell virksomhet i søken etter inntjening. Mye av " "delingsøkonomien handler ikke om allemannseier, eller det å bygge et " "alternativ til bedriftsdrevet markedsøkonomi: Det handler om å utvide det " -"deregulerte frie markedet til nye områder i våre liv.<placeholder type=\"" -"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Mens ingen av de vi intervjuet for våre " +"deregulerte frie markedet til nye områder i våre liv.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Mens ingen av de vi intervjuet for våre " "referanseløsninger ville beskrive seg selv som en del av delingsøkonomien, " "er det faktisk noen viktige paralleller. Både delingsøkonomi og allmenneie " "gjør bedre bruk av eiendelens kapasitet. Delingsøkonomien ser på personlig " @@ -2331,7 +2475,7 @@ msgstr "" "personer som kan bruke og få verdi ut av en eiendel." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1220 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1224 #, fuzzy msgid "" "Chris Anderson, Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by Giving " @@ -2343,7 +2487,7 @@ msgstr "" "224." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1210 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1214 msgid "" "One way Made with Creative Commons case studies differ from those of the " "sharing economy is their focus on digital resources. Digital resources " @@ -2362,11 +2506,11 @@ msgstr "" "avvik. Databehandlingsmakt, lagringsplass og båndbredde er alle raskt " "økende, men heller enn at kostnadene går opp, går kostnadene ned. Digital " "teknologi blir raskere, bedre og billigere. Kostnaden for noe som bygger på " -"disse teknologiene vil alltid gå ned til nær null.<placeholder type=\"" -"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"disse teknologiene vil alltid gå ned til nær null.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1226 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1230 msgid "" "Those that are Made with Creative Commons are looking to leverage the unique " "inherent characteristics of digital resources, including lowering costs. The " @@ -2390,7 +2534,7 @@ msgstr "" "deltakelse er et felles mål. Deres mål er overflod fremfor knapphet." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1245 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1249 #, fuzzy msgid "" "Jeremy Rifkin, The Zero Marginal Cost Society: The Internet of Things, the " @@ -2402,7 +2546,7 @@ msgstr "" "Macmillan, 2014), 273." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1240 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1244 #, fuzzy msgid "" "The incremental cost of storing, copying, and distributing digital goods is " @@ -2421,7 +2565,7 @@ msgstr "" "økonomiske modeller og praksiser." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1253 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1257 msgid "" "Some are looking to minimize their interactions with the market and operate " "as autonomously as possible. Others are operating largely as a business " @@ -2434,7 +2578,7 @@ msgstr "" "muligheten til å endre de normer og regler markedet fungerer etter." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1267 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1271 #, fuzzy msgid "" "Gar Alperovitz, What Then Must We Do? Straight Talk about the Next American " @@ -2446,7 +2590,7 @@ msgstr "" "from the Ground Up (White River Junction, VT: Chelsea Green, 2013), 39." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1276 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1280 #, fuzzy msgid "" "Marjorie Kelly, Owning Our Future: The Emerging Ownership Revolution; " @@ -2456,7 +2600,7 @@ msgstr "" "Journeys to a Generative Economy (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2012), 8–9." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1260 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1264 msgid "" "For an ordinary corporation, making social benefit a part of its operations " "is difficult, as it’s legally required to make decisions that financially " @@ -2474,14 +2618,14 @@ msgstr "" "fordel for dets aksjonærer. Nye former for forretningsvirksomhet vokser " "frem. Det er veldedige sammenslutninger og sosiale foretak som utvider sine " "forretningsmål fra å gjøre fortjeneste til å gjøre en positiv innvirkning " -"på samfunnet, arbeidere, lokalsamfunnet og miljøet.<placeholder type=\"" -"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Fellesskapseide og arbeidstakereide bedrifter, " +"på samfunnet, arbeidere, lokalsamfunnet og miljøet.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Fellesskapseide og arbeidstakereide bedrifter, " "kooperativer, laug og andre organisasjonsformer er alternativer til " "tradisjonelle bedrifter. Samlet endrer disse alternative markedsaktørene " "markedets regler og normer.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1289 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1292 #, fuzzy msgid "" "Alex Osterwalder and Yves Pigneur, Business Model Generation (Hoboken, NJ: " @@ -2489,77 +2633,106 @@ msgid "" "\"http://strategyzer.com/books/business-model-generation\"/>." msgstr "" "Alex Osterwalder og Yves Pigneur, Business Model Generation (Hoboken, NJ: " -"John Wiley and Sons, 2010), En forhåndsvisning av boken er tilgjengelig på <" -"ulink url=\"http://strategyzer.com/books/business-model-generation\"/>." +"John Wiley and Sons, 2010), En forhåndsvisning av boken er tilgjengelig på " +"<ulink url=\"http://strategyzer.com/books/business-model-generation\"/>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1282 -msgid "" -"“A book on open business models” is how we described it in this book’s " -"Kickstarter campaign. We used a handbook called Business Model Generation as " -"our reference for defining just what a business model is. Developed over " -"nine years using an “open process” involving 470 coauthors from forty-five " -"countries, it is useful as a framework for talking about business models." -"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1285 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "“A book on open business models” is how we described it in this book’s " +#| "Kickstarter campaign. We used a handbook called Business Model Generation " +#| "as our reference for defining just what a business model is. Developed " +#| "over nine years using an “open process” involving 470 coauthors from " +#| "forty-five countries, it is useful as a framework for talking about " +#| "business models.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +msgid "" +"<quote>A book on open business models</quote> is how we described it in this " +"book’s Kickstarter campaign. We used a handbook called Business Model " +"Generation as our reference for defining just what a business model is. " +"Developed over nine years using an <quote>open process</quote> involving 470 " +"coauthors from forty-five countries, it is useful as a framework for talking " +"about business models.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" "«En bok om åpne forretningsmodeller» var beskrivelsen av denne boken i dens " "kronerullingskampanje. Vi brukte en håndbok kalt «Business Model Generation» " "som vår referanse i det å definere hva en forretningsmodell er. Utviklet " "over ni år med en «åpen prosess» med 470 medforfattere fra 45 land, er den " -"nyttig som rammeverk i sin omtale av forretningsmodeller.<placeholder type=\"" -"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"nyttig som rammeverk i sin omtale av forretningsmodeller.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1298 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1302 msgid "" "This business model canvas is available to download at <ulink url=\"http://" "strategyzer.com/canvas/business-model-canvas\"/>." msgstr "" -"Dette lerretet for forretningsmodeller er tilgjengelig for nedlasting fra <" -"ulink url=\"http://strategyzer.com/canvas/business-model-canvas\"/>." +"Dette lerretet for forretningsmodeller er tilgjengelig for nedlasting fra " +"<ulink url=\"http://strategyzer.com/canvas/business-model-canvas\"/>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1306 -msgid "" -"We’ve made the “Open Business Model Canvas,” designed by the coauthor Paul " -"Stacey, available online at <ulink url=\"http://docs.google.com/drawings/" -"d/1QOIDa2qak7wZSSOa4Wv6qVMO77IwkKHN7CYyq0wHivs/edit\"/>. You can also find " -"the accompanying Open Business Model Canvas Questions at <ulink url=\"http://" -"docs.google.com/drawings/d/1kACK7TkoJgsM18HUWCbX9xuQ0Byna4plSVZXZGTtays/edit" -"\"/>." +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1310 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "We’ve made the “Open Business Model Canvas,” designed by the coauthor " +#| "Paul Stacey, available online at <ulink url=\"http://docs.google.com/" +#| "drawings/d/1QOIDa2qak7wZSSOa4Wv6qVMO77IwkKHN7CYyq0wHivs/edit\"/>. You " +#| "can also find the accompanying Open Business Model Canvas Questions at " +#| "<ulink url=\"http://docs.google.com/drawings/" +#| "d/1kACK7TkoJgsM18HUWCbX9xuQ0Byna4plSVZXZGTtays/edit\"/>." +msgid "" +"We’ve made the <quote>Open Business Model Canvas,</quote> designed by the " +"coauthor Paul Stacey, available online at <ulink url=\"http://docs.google." +"com/drawings/d/1QOIDa2qak7wZSSOa4Wv6qVMO77IwkKHN7CYyq0wHivs/edit\"/>. You " +"can also find the accompanying Open Business Model Canvas Questions at " +"<ulink url=\"http://docs.google.com/drawings/" +"d/1kACK7TkoJgsM18HUWCbX9xuQ0Byna4plSVZXZGTtays/edit\"/>." msgstr "" "Vi har laget et «Åpent forretningsmodellslerret», utformet av medforfatter " "Paul Stacey, tilgjengelig på nettet fra <ulink url=\"http://docs.google.com/" "drawings/d/1QOIDa2qak7wZSSOa4Wv6qVMO77IwkKHN7CYyq0wHivs/edit\"/>. Du kan " "også finne det medfølgende \"Spørsmål om åpen forretningsmodell\" fra <ulink " -"url=\"http://docs.google.com/drawings/d/" -"1kACK7TkoJgsM18HUWCbX9xuQ0Byna4plSVZXZGTtays/edit\"/>." +"url=\"http://docs.google.com/drawings/" +"d/1kACK7TkoJgsM18HUWCbX9xuQ0Byna4plSVZXZGTtays/edit\"/>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1296 -msgid "" -"It contains a “business model canvas,” which conceives of a business model " -"as having nine building blocks.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> " -"This blank canvas can serve as a tool for anyone to design their own " -"business model. We remixed this business model canvas into an open business " -"model canvas, adding three more building blocks relevant to hybrid market, " -"commons enterprises: social good, Creative Commons license, and “type of " -"open environment that the business fits in.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " -"id=\"1\"/> This enhanced canvas proved useful when we analyzed businesses " -"and helped start-ups plan their economic model." +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1299 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "It contains a “business model canvas,” which conceives of a business " +#| "model as having nine building blocks.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" +#| "\"0\"/> This blank canvas can serve as a tool for anyone to design their " +#| "own business model. We remixed this business model canvas into an open " +#| "business model canvas, adding three more building blocks relevant to " +#| "hybrid market, commons enterprises: social good, Creative Commons " +#| "license, and “type of open environment that the business fits " +#| "in.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> This enhanced canvas proved " +#| "useful when we analyzed businesses and helped start-ups plan their " +#| "economic model." +msgid "" +"It contains a <quote>business model canvas,</quote> which conceives of a " +"business model as having nine building blocks.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " +"id=\"0\"/> This blank canvas can serve as a tool for anyone to design their " +"own business model. We remixed this business model canvas into an open " +"business model canvas, adding three more building blocks relevant to hybrid " +"market, commons enterprises: social good, Creative Commons license, and " +"<quote>type of open environment that the business fits in.</" +"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> This enhanced canvas proved " +"useful when we analyzed businesses and helped start-ups plan their economic " +"model." msgstr "" "Den inneholder et «lerret av forretningsmodeller», som oppfatter en " -"forretningsmodell bestående av ni byggesteiner.<placeholder type=\"footnote\"" -" id=\"0\"/> Dette tomme lerretet kan tjene som et verktøy for alle som vil " -"lage sine egen forretningsmodell. Vi remikset det til et lerret for en åpen " -"virksomhetsmodell, og la til tre byggeklosser til, som alle passer for " +"forretningsmodell bestående av ni byggesteiner.<placeholder type=\"footnote" +"\" id=\"0\"/> Dette tomme lerretet kan tjene som et verktøy for alle som " +"vil lage sine egen forretningsmodell. Vi remikset det til et lerret for en " +"åpen virksomhetsmodell, og la til tre byggeklosser til, som alle passer for " "fellesskapsbedrifter i et hybridmarked: Sosial nytte, Creative Commons-" -"lisens, og «typen åpent miljø virksomheten passer i».<placeholder type=\"" -"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> Dette forbedrede lerretet viste seg nyttig i analysen " -"av bedrifter, og hjalp gründere å planlegge sin økonomiske modell." +"lisens, og «typen åpent miljø virksomheten passer i».<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> Dette forbedrede lerretet viste seg nyttig i " +"analysen av bedrifter, og hjalp gründere å planlegge sin økonomiske modell." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1316 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1320 #, fuzzy msgid "" "In our case study interviews, many expressed discomfort over describing " @@ -2583,34 +2756,47 @@ msgstr "" "frem organisk snarere enn nøye planlagt ved hjelp av forhåndsdefinert modell." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1337 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1342 #, fuzzy msgid "" "A more comprehensive list of revenue streams is available in this post I " -"wrote on Medium on March 6, 2016. “What Is an Open Business Model and How " -"Can You Generate Revenue?”, available at <ulink url=\"http://medium.com/made-" -"with-creative-commons/what-is-an-open-business-model-and-how-can-you-" -"generate-revenue-5854d2659b15\"/>." +"wrote on Medium on March 6, 2016. <quote>What Is an Open Business Model and " +"How Can You Generate Revenue?</quote>, available at <ulink url=\"http://" +"medium.com/made-with-creative-commons/what-is-an-open-business-model-and-how-" +"can-you-generate-revenue-5854d2659b15\"/>." msgstr "" "En mer omfattende liste over inntektsstrømmer er tilgjengelig i dette " "innlegget jeg skrev på Medium på 6 mars 2016. “What Is an Open Business " "Model and How Can You Generate Revenue?” (Hva er en åpen forretningsmodell, " -"og hvordan kan du skape omsetning), tilgjengelig på <ulink url=\"" -"http://medium.com/made-with-creative-commons/what-is-an-open-business-model-" -"and-how-can-you-generate-revenue-5854d2659b15\"/>." +"og hvordan kan du skape omsetning), tilgjengelig på <ulink url=\"http://" +"medium.com/made-with-creative-commons/what-is-an-open-business-model-and-how-" +"can-you-generate-revenue-5854d2659b15\"/>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1329 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1333 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "The creators, businesses, and organizations we profile all engage with " +#| "the market to generate revenue in some way. The ways in which this is " +#| "done vary widely. Donations, pay what you can, memberships, “digital for " +#| "free but physical for a fee,” crowdfunding, matchmaking, value-add " +#| "services, patrons . . . the list goes on and on. (Initial description of " +#| "how to earn revenue available through reference note. For latest thinking " +#| "see How to Bring In Money in the next section.)<placeholder type=" +#| "\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> There is no single magic bullet, and each " +#| "endeavor has devised ways that work for them. Most make use of more than " +#| "one way. Diversifying revenue streams lowers risk and provides multiple " +#| "paths to sustainability." msgid "" "The creators, businesses, and organizations we profile all engage with the " "market to generate revenue in some way. The ways in which this is done vary " -"widely. Donations, pay what you can, memberships, “digital for free but " -"physical for a fee,” crowdfunding, matchmaking, value-add services, " -"patrons . . . the list goes on and on. (Initial description of how to earn " -"revenue available through reference note. For latest thinking see How to " -"Bring In Money in the next section.)<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/" -"> There is no single magic bullet, and each endeavor has devised ways that " -"work for them. Most make use of more than one way. Diversifying revenue " +"widely. Donations, pay what you can, memberships, <quote>digital for free " +"but physical for a fee,</quote> crowdfunding, matchmaking, value-add " +"services, patrons . . . the list goes on and on. (Initial description of how " +"to earn revenue available through reference note. For latest thinking see " +"How to Bring In Money in the next section.)<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" +"\"0\"/> There is no single magic bullet, and each endeavor has devised ways " +"that work for them. Most make use of more than one way. Diversifying revenue " "streams lowers risk and provides multiple paths to sustainability." msgstr "" "Bidragsyterne, bedrifter og organisasjoner vi profilerer er alle engasjerte " @@ -2619,19 +2805,19 @@ msgstr "" "betaling», folkefinansiering, matchmaking, verdiøkende tjenester, " "beskyttere ... listen fortsetter og fortsetter. (Første beskrivelse av " "hvordan skaffe inntekt fremgår av referansenotis. Om seneste tenkning om " -"dette, se «Hvordan bringe inn penger» i neste seksjon.)<placeholder type=\"" -"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Det er ingen enkel, magisk formel, og hver oppgave har " -"utviklet måter som passer for den. De fleste gjør bruk av mer enn én måte. Å " -"ha mange inntektsstrømmer reduserer risikoen, og gir flere veier til " +"dette, se «Hvordan bringe inn penger» i neste seksjon.)<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Det er ingen enkel, magisk formel, og hver oppgave " +"har utviklet måter som passer for den. De fleste gjør bruk av mer enn én " +"måte. Å ha mange inntektsstrømmer reduserer risikoen, og gir flere veier til " "bærekraft." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1349 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1354 msgid "Benefits of the Digital Commons" msgstr "Fordelene med Digital Commons" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1351 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1356 msgid "" "While it may be clear why commons-based organizations want to interact and " "engage with the market (they need money to survive), it may be less obvious " @@ -2644,7 +2830,7 @@ msgstr "" "felleseier. Digitale allmenneier tilbyr mange fordeler." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1357 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1362 msgid "" "The commons speeds dissemination. The free flow of resources in the commons " "offers tremendous economies of scale. Distribution is decentralized, with " @@ -2660,7 +2846,7 @@ msgstr "" "ekspertise." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1366 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1371 msgid "" "The commons ensures access to all. The market has traditionally operated by " "putting resources behind a paywall requiring payment first before access. " @@ -2683,7 +2869,7 @@ msgstr "" "og redelighet." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1379 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1384 msgid "" "The commons maximizes participation. Resources in the commons can be used " "and contributed to by everyone. Using the resources of others, contributing " @@ -2706,7 +2892,7 @@ msgstr "" "samfunnsnyttig praksis." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1401 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1406 msgid "" "Henry Chesbrough, Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and " "Profiting from Technology (Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2006), 31–" @@ -2717,7 +2903,7 @@ msgstr "" "44." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1392 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1397 msgid "" "The commons spurs innovation. Resources in the hands of more people who can " "use them leads to new ideas. The way commons resources can be modified, " @@ -2744,7 +2930,7 @@ msgstr "" "og forholdet til fellesskapet." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1410 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1415 msgid "" "The commons boosts reach and impact. The digital commons is global. " "Resources may be created for a local or regional need, but they go far and " @@ -2767,7 +2953,7 @@ msgstr "" "arbeide." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1423 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1428 msgid "" "The commons is generative. Instead of extracting value, the commons adds " "value. Digitized resources persist without becoming depleted, and through " @@ -2793,7 +2979,7 @@ msgstr "" "den samlede verdien av allemannseiet." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1437 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1442 msgid "" "The commons brings people together for a common cause. The commons vests " "people directly with the responsibility to manage the resources for the " @@ -2820,7 +3006,7 @@ msgstr "" "engasjement, ikke ved utveksling av penger." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1452 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1457 msgid "" "The benefits of the commons are many. When these benefits align with the " "goals of individuals, communities, businesses in the market, or state " @@ -2832,12 +3018,12 @@ msgstr "" "administrere ressurser som i felleseie være det klare alternativet." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1459 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1464 msgid "Our Case Studies" msgstr "Våre referansestudier" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1461 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1466 msgid "" "The creators, organizations, and businesses in our case studies operate as " "nonprofits, for-profits, and social enterprises. Regardless of legal " @@ -2859,7 +3045,7 @@ msgstr "" "den finansielle bunnlinjen." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1473 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1478 msgid "" "The case studies are based on the narratives told to us by founders and key " "staff. Instead of solely using financials as the measure of success and " @@ -2874,7 +3060,7 @@ msgstr "" "er nådd, og hvor bærekraftig organisasjonen er." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1481 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1486 msgid "" "Our case studies are diverse, ranging from publishing to education and " "manufacturing. All of the organizations, businesses, and creators in the " @@ -2893,7 +3079,7 @@ msgstr "" "opprinnelig digitale, men kan gjøres til fysiske ressurser." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1491 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1496 msgid "" "They are creating new resources, or using the resources of others, or mixing " "existing resources together to make something new. They, and their audience, " @@ -2908,7 +3094,7 @@ msgstr "" "alle uavhengig av økonomiske midler." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1499 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1504 msgid "" "And as users of Creative Commons licenses, they are automatically part of a " "global community. The new digital commons is global. Those we profiled come " @@ -2921,7 +3107,7 @@ msgstr "" "dette globale samfunnet leder til suksess." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1506 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1511 msgid "" "Creative Commons licenses may express legal rules around the use of " "resources in a commons, but success in the commons requires more than " @@ -2946,7 +3132,7 @@ msgstr "" "allmenneier." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1519 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1524 msgid "" "The new digital commons is here to stay. Made With Creative Commons case " "studies show how it’s possible to be part of this commons while still " @@ -2963,7 +3149,7 @@ msgstr "" "er et mer balansert alternativ mulig." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1528 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1533 msgid "" "Enterprise use of Creative Commons has only just begun. The case studies in " "this book are merely starting points. Each is changing and evolving over " @@ -2980,17 +3166,17 @@ msgstr "" "innsikt i hvordan dette virker." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1539 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1544 msgid "How to Be Made with Creative Commons" msgstr "Hvordan bli laget med Creative Commons" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1541 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1546 msgid "Sarah Hinchliff Pearson" msgstr "Sarah Hinchliff Pearson" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1544 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1549 msgid "" "When we began this project in August 2015, we set out to write a book about " "business models that involve Creative Commons licenses in some significant " @@ -3020,7 +3206,7 @@ msgstr "" "tilgang til dem, men også å kan bruke dem." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1560 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1565 msgid "" "We analyzed the revenue models, customer segments, and value propositions of " "each endeavor. We searched for ways that putting their content under " @@ -3040,7 +3226,7 @@ msgstr "" "definisjoner av suksess." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1570 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1575 msgid "" "In fairly short order, we realized the book we set out to write was quite " "different from the one that was revealing itself in our interviews and " @@ -3050,7 +3236,7 @@ msgstr "" "forskjellig fra den som dukket frem i våre intervjuer og forskning." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1575 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1580 msgid "" "It isn’t that we were wrong to think you can make money while using Creative " "Commons licenses. In many instances, CC can help make you more money. Nor " @@ -3068,7 +3254,7 @@ msgstr "" "forretningsvirksomhet." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1587 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1593 msgid "" "Alex Osterwalder and Yves Pigneur, Business Model Generation (Hoboken, NJ: " "John Wiley and Sons, 2010), 14. A preview of the book is available at <ulink " @@ -3079,15 +3265,26 @@ msgstr "" "på <ulink url=\"http://strategyzer.com/books/business-model-generation\"/>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1584 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1589 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "According to the seminal handbook Business Model Generation, a business " +#| "model “describes the rationale of how an organization creates, delivers, " +#| "and captures value.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Thinking " +#| "about sharing in terms of creating and capturing value always felt " +#| "inappropriately transactional and out of place, something we heard time " +#| "and time again in our interviews. And as Cory Doctorow told us in our " +#| "interview with him, “Business model can mean anything you want it to " +#| "mean.”" msgid "" "According to the seminal handbook Business Model Generation, a business " -"model “describes the rationale of how an organization creates, delivers, and " -"captures value.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Thinking about " -"sharing in terms of creating and capturing value always felt inappropriately " -"transactional and out of place, something we heard time and time again in " -"our interviews. And as Cory Doctorow told us in our interview with him, " -"“Business model can mean anything you want it to mean.”" +"model <quote>describes the rationale of how an organization creates, " +"delivers, and captures value.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/" +"> Thinking about sharing in terms of creating and capturing value always " +"felt inappropriately transactional and out of place, something we heard time " +"and time again in our interviews. And as Cory Doctorow told us in our " +"interview with him, <quote>Business model can mean anything you want it to " +"mean.</quote>" msgstr "" "Ifølge den banebrytende håndboken Business Model Generation, en " "forretningsmodell som «beskriver begrunnelsen for hvordan en organisasjon " @@ -3098,7 +3295,7 @@ msgstr "" "ham, «forretningsmodell kan bety alt dere mener det skal bety.»" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1598 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1605 msgid "" "Eventually, we got it. Being Made with Creative Commons is more than a " "business model. While we will talk about specific revenue models as one " @@ -3111,7 +3308,7 @@ msgstr "" "som som vår styrende overskrift for boken." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1605 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1612 msgid "" "Admittedly, it took me a long time to get there. When Paul and I divided up " "our writing after finishing the research, my charge was to distill " @@ -3130,7 +3327,7 @@ msgstr "" "måten å tenke på før du leser videre." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1615 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1622 msgid "" "In every interview, we started from the same simple questions. Amid all the " "diversity among the creators, organizations, and businesses we profiled, " @@ -3152,7 +3349,7 @@ msgstr "" "forretningsperspektiv, kan være litt utenfor sporet." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1627 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1634 msgid "" "But we also started to realize something about what it means to be Made with " "Creative Commons. When people talked to us about how and why they used CC, " @@ -3167,7 +3364,7 @@ msgstr "" "symbolikken har mange lag." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1635 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1642 msgid "" "At one level, being Made with Creative Commons expresses an affinity for the " "value of Creative Commons. While there are many different flavors of CC " @@ -3192,16 +3389,27 @@ msgstr "" "gjenspeiler en tro på løftet om å dele." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1649 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1656 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Whether the public makes use of the opportunity to copy and adapt your " +#| "work, sharing with a Creative Commons license is a symbol of how you want " +#| "to interact with the people who consume your work. Whenever you create " +#| "something, “all rights reserved” under copyright is automatic, so the " +#| "copyright symbol (©) on the work does not necessarily come across as a " +#| "marker of distrust or excessive protectionism. But using a CC license can " +#| "be a symbol of the opposite—of wanting a real human relationship, rather " +#| "than an impersonal market transaction. It leaves open the possibility of " +#| "connection." msgid "" "Whether the public makes use of the opportunity to copy and adapt your work, " "sharing with a Creative Commons license is a symbol of how you want to " "interact with the people who consume your work. Whenever you create " -"something, “all rights reserved” under copyright is automatic, so the " -"copyright symbol (©) on the work does not necessarily come across as a " -"marker of distrust or excessive protectionism. But using a CC license can be " -"a symbol of the opposite—of wanting a real human relationship, rather than " -"an impersonal market transaction. It leaves open the possibility of " +"something, <quote>all rights reserved</quote> under copyright is automatic, " +"so the copyright symbol (©) on the work does not necessarily come across as " +"a marker of distrust or excessive protectionism. But using a CC license can " +"be a symbol of the opposite—of wanting a real human relationship, rather " +"than an impersonal market transaction. It leaves open the possibility of " "connection." msgstr "" "Om publikum gjør bruk av muligheten til å kopiere og tilpasse sitt arbeid, " @@ -3215,7 +3423,7 @@ msgstr "" "åpen mulighet for forbindelse." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1661 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1668 msgid "" "Being Made with Creative Commons not only demonstrates values connected to " "CC and sharing. It also demonstrates that something other than profit drives " @@ -3230,7 +3438,7 @@ msgstr "" "syn på suksess." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1674 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1681 msgid "" "Cory Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: Laws for the Internet " "Age (San Francisco, CA: McSweeney’s, 2014) 68." @@ -3239,18 +3447,30 @@ msgstr "" "Age (San Francisco, CA: McSweeney’s, 2014) 68." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1669 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1676 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "The driving motivation varies depending on the type of endeavor. For " +#| "individual creators, it is most often about personal inspiration. In some " +#| "ways, this is nothing new. As Doctorow has written, “Creators usually " +#| "start doing what they do for love.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" +#| "\"0\"/> But when you share your creative work under a CC license, that " +#| "dynamic is even more pronounced. Similarly, for technological innovators, " +#| "it is often less about creating a specific new thing that will make you " +#| "rich and more about solving a specific problem you have. The creators of " +#| "Arduino told us that the key question when creating something is “Do you " +#| "as the creator want to use it? It has to have personal use and meaning.”" msgid "" "The driving motivation varies depending on the type of endeavor. For " "individual creators, it is most often about personal inspiration. In some " -"ways, this is nothing new. As Doctorow has written, “Creators usually start " -"doing what they do for love.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> But " -"when you share your creative work under a CC license, that dynamic is even " -"more pronounced. Similarly, for technological innovators, it is often less " -"about creating a specific new thing that will make you rich and more about " -"solving a specific problem you have. The creators of Arduino told us that " -"the key question when creating something is “Do you as the creator want to " -"use it? It has to have personal use and meaning.”" +"ways, this is nothing new. As Doctorow has written, <quote>Creators usually " +"start doing what they do for love.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" +"\"0\"/> But when you share your creative work under a CC license, that " +"dynamic is even more pronounced. Similarly, for technological innovators, it " +"is often less about creating a specific new thing that will make you rich " +"and more about solving a specific problem you have. The creators of Arduino " +"told us that the key question when creating something is <quote>Do you as " +"the creator want to use it? It has to have personal use and meaning.</quote>" msgstr "" "Motivasjonen varierer avhengig av hva en skal oppnå. For individuelle " "innholdsleverandører er det oftest en personlig inspirasjon. På noen måter " @@ -3264,7 +3484,7 @@ msgstr "" "det, bruke det? Det må ha en personlig bruk og betydning.»" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1685 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1693 msgid "" "Many that are Made with Creative Commons have an express social mission that " "underpins everything they do. In many cases, sharing with Creative Commons " @@ -3284,7 +3504,7 @@ msgstr "" "Creative Commons-lisens." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1695 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1703 msgid "" "This dynamic is probably one reason why there are so many nonprofit examples " "of being Made with Creative Commons. The content is the result of a labor of " @@ -3303,7 +3523,7 @@ msgstr "" "gode og menneskelig tilknytning er en integrert del for å oppnå suksess." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1705 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1713 msgid "" "Even if profit isn’t the end goal, you have to bring in money to be " "successfully Made with Creative Commons. At a bare minimum, you have to make " @@ -3314,17 +3534,17 @@ msgstr "" "nok til å holde lysene påslått." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1710 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1718 #, fuzzy msgid "" "The costs of doing business vary widely for those made with CC, but there is " "generally a much lower threshold for sustainability than there used to be " "for any creative endeavor. Digital technology has made it easier than ever " "to create, and easier than ever to distribute. As Doctorow put it in his " -"book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, “If analog dollars have turned " -"into digital dimes (as the critics of ad-supported media have it), there is " -"the fact that it’s possible to run a business that gets the same amount of " -"advertising as its forebears at a fraction of the price.”" +"book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, <quote>If analog dollars have " +"turned into digital dimes (as the critics of ad-supported media have it), " +"there is the fact that it’s possible to run a business that gets the same " +"amount of advertising as its forebears at a fraction of the price.</quote>" msgstr "" "Kostnadene for å gjøre forretninger varierer ved bruk av CC, men det er " "vanligvis en mye lavere terskel for lønnsomhet enn det pleide å være for " @@ -3336,13 +3556,13 @@ msgstr "" "forgjengere til en brøkdel av prisen.»" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1727 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1735 #, fuzzy msgid "Ibid., 55." msgstr "Ibid., 55." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1722 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1730 msgid "" "Some creation costs are the same as they always were. It takes the same " "amount of time and money to write a peer-reviewed journal article or paint a " @@ -3367,7 +3587,7 @@ msgstr "" "egen overbevisning." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1739 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1747 #, fuzzy msgid "" "Chris Anderson, Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by Giving " @@ -3379,7 +3599,7 @@ msgstr "" "224." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1736 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1744 msgid "" "Distributing content is almost universally cheaper than ever. Once content " "is created, the costs to distribute copies digitally are essentially zero." @@ -3402,27 +3622,42 @@ msgstr "" "ervervelse, som turneer eller tilpasset opplæring." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1761 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1769 #, fuzzy msgid "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 44." msgstr "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 44." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1751 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1759 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "It’s important to recognize that the biggest impact of technology on " +#| "creative endeavors is that creators can now foot the costs of creation " +#| "and distribution themselves. People now often have a direct route to " +#| "their potential public without necessarily needing intermediaries like " +#| "record labels and book publishers. Doctorow wrote, “If you’re a creator " +#| "who never got the time of day from one of the great imperial powers, this " +#| "is your time. Where once you had no means of reaching an audience without " +#| "the assistance of the industry-dominating megacompanies, now you have " +#| "hundreds of ways to do it without them.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" +#| "\"0\"/> Previously, distribution of creative work involved the costs " +#| "associated with sustaining a monolithic entity, now creators can do the " +#| "work themselves. That means the financial needs of creative endeavors can " +#| "be a lot more modest." msgid "" "It’s important to recognize that the biggest impact of technology on " "creative endeavors is that creators can now foot the costs of creation and " "distribution themselves. People now often have a direct route to their " "potential public without necessarily needing intermediaries like record " -"labels and book publishers. Doctorow wrote, “If you’re a creator who never " -"got the time of day from one of the great imperial powers, this is your " -"time. Where once you had no means of reaching an audience without the " +"labels and book publishers. Doctorow wrote, <quote>If you’re a creator who " +"never got the time of day from one of the great imperial powers, this is " +"your time. Where once you had no means of reaching an audience without the " "assistance of the industry-dominating megacompanies, now you have hundreds " -"of ways to do it without them.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> " -"Previously, distribution of creative work involved the costs associated with " -"sustaining a monolithic entity, now creators can do the work themselves. " -"That means the financial needs of creative endeavors can be a lot more " -"modest." +"of ways to do it without them.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" +"\"0\"/> Previously, distribution of creative work involved the costs " +"associated with sustaining a monolithic entity, now creators can do the work " +"themselves. That means the financial needs of creative endeavors can be a " +"lot more modest." msgstr "" "Viktig er det å innse at teknologi i fremste rekke lar skapere stå for egen " "distribusjon og kostnadene tilknyttet den. Folk har nå ofte en direkte rute " @@ -3437,24 +3672,24 @@ msgstr "" "forutsetninger for kreativt innhold kan dermed være meget mer beskjedne." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1768 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1776 #, fuzzy msgid "" "Whether for an individual creator or a larger endeavor, it usually isn’t " "enough to break even if you want to make what you’re doing a livelihood. You " "need to build in some support for the general operation. This extra bit " "looks different for everyone, but importantly, in nearly all cases for those " -"Made with Creative Commons, the definition of “enough money” looks a lot " -"different than it does in the world of venture capital and stock options. It " -"is more about sustainability and less about unlimited growth and profit. " -"SparkFun founder Nathan Seidle told us, “Business model is a really " -"grandiose word for it. It is really just about keeping the operation going " -"day to day.”" +"Made with Creative Commons, the definition of <quote>enough money</quote> " +"looks a lot different than it does in the world of venture capital and stock " +"options. It is more about sustainability and less about unlimited growth and " +"profit. SparkFun founder Nathan Seidle told us, <quote>Business model is a " +"really grandiose word for it. It is really just about keeping the operation " +"going day to day.</quote>" msgstr "" "Å gå i null kan vanskelig gjøres levebrød av, det være seg som individuell " "bidragsyter eller i videre omfang. Støtte til generell drift må bygges inn. " -"Denne ekstra delen er forskjellig for alle, men viktigere, i nesten alle «" -"Made with Creative Commons» fall fortoner definisjonen av «nok penger» " +"Denne ekstra delen er forskjellig for alle, men viktigere, i nesten alle " +"«Made with Creative Commons» fall fortoner definisjonen av «nok penger» " "annerledes enn i en verden av risikovillig kapital og aksjeopsjoner. Det " "handler mer om bærekraft og mindre om ubegrenset vekst og fortjeneste. " "SparkFuns grunnlegger Nathan Seidle lot oss fortelle: «Forretningsmodell er " @@ -3462,7 +3697,7 @@ msgstr "" "gående fra dag til dag»." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1781 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1789 msgid "" "This book is a testament to the notion that it is possible to make money " "while using CC licenses and CC-licensed content, but we are still very much " @@ -3477,23 +3712,28 @@ msgstr "" "nye måten å operere på." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1789 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1797 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "There are, however, plenty of ways in which CC licensing can be good for " +#| "business in fairly predictable ways. The first is how it helps solve " +#| "“problem zero.”" msgid "" "There are, however, plenty of ways in which CC licensing can be good for " "business in fairly predictable ways. The first is how it helps solve " -"“problem zero.”" +"<quote>problem zero.</quote>" msgstr "" "Det er imidlertid mange måter CC-lisenser kan tjene forretningene på ganske " -"forutsigbare måter. Den første er hvordan det er til hjelp med å løse «" -"problem null»." +"forutsigbare måter. Den første er hvordan det er til hjelp med å løse " +"«problem null»." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1794 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1802 msgid "Problem Zero: Getting Discovered" msgstr "Problem Null: Å bli oppdaget" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1801 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1809 #, fuzzy msgid "" "Amanda Palmer, The Art of Asking: Or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Let " @@ -3503,7 +3743,7 @@ msgstr "" "People Help (New York: Grand Central, 2014), 121." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1815 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1824 #, fuzzy msgid "" "Chris Anderson, Makers: The New Industrial Revolution (New York: Signal, " @@ -3513,22 +3753,40 @@ msgstr "" "2012), 64." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1796 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1804 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Once you create or collect your content, the next step is finding users, " +#| "customers, fans—in other words, your people. As Amanda Palmer wrote, “It " +#| "has to start with the art. The songs had to touch people initially, and " +#| "mean something, for anything to work at all.”<placeholder type=\"footnote" +#| "\" id=\"0\"/> There isn’t any magic to finding your people, and there is " +#| "certainly no formula. Your work has to connect with people and offer them " +#| "some artistic and/or utilitarian value. In some ways, this is easier than " +#| "ever. Online we are not limited by shelf space, so there is room for " +#| "every obscure interest, taste, and need imaginable. This is what Chris " +#| "Anderson dubbed the Long Tail, where consumption becomes less about " +#| "mainstream mass “hits” and more about micromarkets for every particular " +#| "niche. As Anderson wrote, “We are all different, with different wants and " +#| "needs, and the Internet now has a place for all of them in the way that " +#| "physical markets did not.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> We " +#| "are no longer limited to what appeals to the masses." msgid "" "Once you create or collect your content, the next step is finding users, " -"customers, fans—in other words, your people. As Amanda Palmer wrote, “It has " -"to start with the art. The songs had to touch people initially, and mean " -"something, for anything to work at all.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" -"\"0\"/> There isn’t any magic to finding your people, and there is certainly " -"no formula. Your work has to connect with people and offer them some " -"artistic and/or utilitarian value. In some ways, this is easier than ever. " -"Online we are not limited by shelf space, so there is room for every obscure " -"interest, taste, and need imaginable. This is what Chris Anderson dubbed the " -"Long Tail, where consumption becomes less about mainstream mass “hits” and " -"more about micromarkets for every particular niche. As Anderson wrote, “We " +"customers, fans—in other words, your people. As Amanda Palmer wrote, " +"<quote>It has to start with the art. The songs had to touch people " +"initially, and mean something, for anything to work at all.</" +"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> There isn’t any magic to " +"finding your people, and there is certainly no formula. Your work has to " +"connect with people and offer them some artistic and/or utilitarian value. " +"In some ways, this is easier than ever. Online we are not limited by shelf " +"space, so there is room for every obscure interest, taste, and need " +"imaginable. This is what Chris Anderson dubbed the Long Tail, where " +"consumption becomes less about mainstream mass <quote>hits</quote> and more " +"about micromarkets for every particular niche. As Anderson wrote, <quote>We " "are all different, with different wants and needs, and the Internet now has " -"a place for all of them in the way that physical markets did " -"not.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> We are no longer limited to " +"a place for all of them in the way that physical markets did not.</" +"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> We are no longer limited to " "what appeals to the masses." msgstr "" "Når du oppretter eller samler ditt innhold, finner du i neste trinn brukere; " @@ -3542,12 +3800,12 @@ msgstr "" "er det Chris Anderson kalte «den lange halen», der forbruket handler mindre " "om bredspektrede «treff», og mer om mikromarkeder for hver enkelt nisje. Som " "Anderson skrev, «Vi er alle forskjellige, med forskjellige ønsker og behov, " -"og Internett rommer dem alle, på en måte som fysiske markeder ikke makter».<" -"placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> Vi begrenses ikke lenger til " +"og Internett rommer dem alle, på en måte som fysiske markeder ikke makter»." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> Vi begrenses ikke lenger til " "massenes appell." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1828 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1838 #, fuzzy msgid "" "David Bollier, Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of " @@ -3557,13 +3815,13 @@ msgstr "" "the Commons (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014), 70." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1834 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1845 #, fuzzy msgid "Anderson, Makers, 66." msgstr "Anderson, Makers, 66." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1838 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1850 #, fuzzy msgid "" "Bryan Kramer, Shareology: How Sharing Is Powering the Human Economy (New " @@ -3573,42 +3831,73 @@ msgstr "" "York: Morgan James, 2016), 10." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1821 -msgid "" -"While finding “your people” online is theoretically easier than in the " -"analog world, as a practical matter it can still be difficult to actually " -"get noticed. The Internet is a firehose of content, one that only grows " -"larger by the minute. As a content creator, not only are you competing for " -"attention against more content creators than ever before, you are competing " -"against creativity generated outside the market as well.<placeholder type=" -"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Anderson wrote, “The greatest change of the past " -"decade has been the shift in time people spend consuming amateur content " -"instead of professional content.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> " -"To top it all off, you have to compete against the rest of their lives, too" -"—“friends, family, music playlists, soccer games, and nights on the " -"town.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"2\"/> Somehow, some way, you have " -"to get noticed by the right people." +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1830 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "While finding “your people” online is theoretically easier than in the " +#| "analog world, as a practical matter it can still be difficult to actually " +#| "get noticed. The Internet is a firehose of content, one that only grows " +#| "larger by the minute. As a content creator, not only are you competing " +#| "for attention against more content creators than ever before, you are " +#| "competing against creativity generated outside the market as well." +#| "<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Anderson wrote, “The greatest " +#| "change of the past decade has been the shift in time people spend " +#| "consuming amateur content instead of professional content.”<placeholder " +#| "type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> To top it all off, you have to compete " +#| "against the rest of their lives, too—“friends, family, music playlists, " +#| "soccer games, and nights on the town.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" +#| "\"2\"/> Somehow, some way, you have to get noticed by the right people." +msgid "" +"While finding <quote>your people</quote> online is theoretically easier than " +"in the analog world, as a practical matter it can still be difficult to " +"actually get noticed. The Internet is a firehose of content, one that only " +"grows larger by the minute. As a content creator, not only are you " +"competing for attention against more content creators than ever before, you " +"are competing against creativity generated outside the market as well." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Anderson wrote, <quote>The " +"greatest change of the past decade has been the shift in time people spend " +"consuming amateur content instead of professional content.</" +"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> To top it all off, you have " +"to compete against the rest of their lives, too—<quote>friends, family, " +"music playlists, soccer games, and nights on the town.</quote><placeholder " +"type=\"footnote\" id=\"2\"/> Somehow, some way, you have to get noticed by " +"the right people." msgstr "" "Samtidig som det å finne likesindighet på nettet teoretisk sett er enklere " "enn i den analoge verden, kan det rent praktisk fortsatt være vanskelig å " "faktisk bli lagt merke til. Internettets innholdsflod vokser minutt for " "minutt. Som innholdsleverandør konkurrerer du også mot kreativitet generert " -"utenfor markedet.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Anderson skrev, «" -"Den største endringen det siste tiåret har vært et skifte i tiden folk " -"bruker på amatør-, snarere enn profesjonelt innhold».<placeholder type=\"" -"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> For å toppe det hele må du utkonkurrere med resten av " -"livene deres, – «venner, familie, musikkspillelister, fotballkamper, og " +"utenfor markedet.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Anderson skrev, " +"«Den største endringen det siste tiåret har vært et skifte i tiden folk " +"bruker på amatør-, snarere enn profesjonelt innhold».<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> For å toppe det hele må du utkonkurrere med resten " +"av livene deres, – «venner, familie, musikkspillelister, fotballkamper, og " "kvelder på byen».<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"2\"/> På én eller annen " "måte må du bli lagt merke til av de rette folkene." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1852 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1864 #, fuzzy msgid "Anderson, Free, 62." msgstr "Anderson, Free, 62." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1844 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1856 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "When you come to the Internet armed with an all-rights-reserved mentality " +#| "from the start, you are often restricting access to your work before " +#| "there is even any demand for it. In many cases, requiring payment for " +#| "your work is part of the traditional copyright system. Even a tiny cost " +#| "has a big effect on demand. It’s called the penny gap—the large " +#| "difference in demand between something that is available at the price of " +#| "one cent versus the price of zero.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/" +#| "> That doesn’t mean it is wrong to charge money for your content. It " +#| "simply means you need to recognize the effect that doing so will have on " +#| "demand. The same principle applies to restricting access to copy the " +#| "work. If your problem is how to get discovered and find “your people,” " +#| "prohibiting people from copying your work and sharing it with others is " +#| "counterproductive." msgid "" "When you come to the Internet armed with an all-rights-reserved mentality " "from the start, you are often restricting access to your work before there " @@ -3620,42 +3909,48 @@ msgid "" "to charge money for your content. It simply means you need to recognize the " "effect that doing so will have on demand. The same principle applies to " "restricting access to copy the work. If your problem is how to get " -"discovered and find “your people,” prohibiting people from copying your work " -"and sharing it with others is counterproductive." +"discovered and find <quote>your people,</quote> prohibiting people from " +"copying your work and sharing it with others is counterproductive." msgstr "" "Når du kommer til Internett med en alle-rettigheter-reservert -mentalitet, " "begrenser du ofte adgangen til innholdet ditt før det er gjenstand for noen " "etterspørsel. I mange tilfeller er betalingsmureri en del av det " "tradisjonelle opphavsrettssystemet. Selv og især en liten pris kuer " "etterspørselen. Det kalles «øregapet»: Den store etterspørselsforskjellen " -"mellom noe som er tilgjengelig til prisen av ett øre, mot en pris lik null.<" -"placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Å ta betalt for innholdet er ikke " +"mellom noe som er tilgjengelig til prisen av ett øre, mot en pris lik null." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Å ta betalt for innholdet er ikke " "galt, med mindre det betyr nedskriving av betydningen det har på " "etterspørselen. Samme prinsipp gjelder ved begrensing av tilgang til " "kopiering av arbeidet. Hvis problemet ditt er å bli oppdaget og finne ditt " "publikum, mothensikter du ut folk som vil noe med arbeidet ditt." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1866 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1878 #, fuzzy msgid "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 38." msgstr "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 38." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1862 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1874 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Of course, it’s not that being discovered by people who like your work " +#| "will make you rich—far from it. But as Cory Doctorow says, “Recognition " +#| "is one of many necessary preconditions for artistic success.”<placeholder " +#| "type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgid "" "Of course, it’s not that being discovered by people who like your work will " -"make you rich—far from it. But as Cory Doctorow says, “Recognition is one of " -"many necessary preconditions for artistic success.”<placeholder type=" -"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"make you rich—far from it. But as Cory Doctorow says, <quote>Recognition is " +"one of many necessary preconditions for artistic success.</" +"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" "Selvfølgelig, å bli oppdaget av folk som liker arbeidet gjør deg ikke " -"bemidlet - så langt derifra. Som Cory Doctorow dog sier suksessivt, «" -"anerkjennelse er en av mange nødvendige forutsetninger for kunstnerisk " +"bemidlet - så langt derifra. Som Cory Doctorow dog sier suksessivt, " +"«anerkjennelse er en av mange nødvendige forutsetninger for kunstnerisk " "suksess».<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1870 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1882 msgid "" "Choosing not to spend time and energy restricting access to your work and " "policing infringement also builds goodwill. Lumen Learning, a for-profit " @@ -3676,20 +3971,28 @@ msgstr "" "velvilje i samfunnet." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1887 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1900 #, fuzzy msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 68." msgstr "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 68." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1881 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1893 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "It is not just that restricting access to your work may undermine your " +#| "social mission. It also may alienate the people who most value your " +#| "creative work. If people like your work, their natural instinct will be " +#| "to share it with others. But as David Bollier wrote, “Our natural human " +#| "impulses to imitate and share—the essence of culture—have been " +#| "criminalized.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgid "" "It is not just that restricting access to your work may undermine your " "social mission. It also may alienate the people who most value your creative " "work. If people like your work, their natural instinct will be to share it " -"with others. But as David Bollier wrote, “Our natural human impulses to " -"imitate and share—the essence of culture—have been " -"criminalized.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"with others. But as David Bollier wrote, <quote>Our natural human impulses " +"to imitate and share—the essence of culture—have been criminalized.</" +"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" "Det er ikke bare det at begrenset innholdsadgang utelukker ditt sosiale " "oppdrag. Det kan også fremmedgjøre folk som mest verdsetter din kreative " @@ -3699,7 +4002,7 @@ msgstr "" "har blitt kriminalisert».<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1891 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1904 msgid "" "The fact that copying can carry criminal penalties undoubtedly deters " "copying it, but copying with the click of a button is too easy and " @@ -3715,20 +4018,34 @@ msgstr "" "delingen er fraværet av begrensninger for noens nyttegjørelse av materialet." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1900 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1913 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "If you take some amount of copying and sharing your work as a given, you " +#| "can invest your time and resources elsewhere, rather than wasting them on " +#| "playing a cat and mouse game with people who want to copy and share your " +#| "work. Lizzy Jongma from the Rijksmuseum said, “We could spend a lot of " +#| "money trying to protect works, but people are going to do it anyway. And " +#| "they will use bad-quality versions.” Instead, they started releasing high-" +#| "resolution digital copies of their collection into the public domain and " +#| "making them available for free on their website. For them, sharing was a " +#| "form of quality control over the copies that were inevitably being shared " +#| "online. Doing this meant forgoing the revenue they previously got from " +#| "selling digital images. But Lizzy says that was a small price to pay for " +#| "all of the opportunities that sharing unlocked for them." msgid "" "If you take some amount of copying and sharing your work as a given, you can " "invest your time and resources elsewhere, rather than wasting them on " "playing a cat and mouse game with people who want to copy and share your " -"work. Lizzy Jongma from the Rijksmuseum said, “We could spend a lot of money " -"trying to protect works, but people are going to do it anyway. And they will " -"use bad-quality versions.” Instead, they started releasing high-resolution " -"digital copies of their collection into the public domain and making them " -"available for free on their website. For them, sharing was a form of quality " -"control over the copies that were inevitably being shared online. Doing this " -"meant forgoing the revenue they previously got from selling digital images. " -"But Lizzy says that was a small price to pay for all of the opportunities " -"that sharing unlocked for them." +"work. Lizzy Jongma from the Rijksmuseum said, <quote>We could spend a lot of " +"money trying to protect works, but people are going to do it anyway. And " +"they will use bad-quality versions.</quote> Instead, they started releasing " +"high-resolution digital copies of their collection into the public domain " +"and making them available for free on their website. For them, sharing was a " +"form of quality control over the copies that were inevitably being shared " +"online. Doing this meant forgoing the revenue they previously got from " +"selling digital images. But Lizzy says that was a small price to pay for all " +"of the opportunities that sharing unlocked for them." msgstr "" "Tar du for gitt en del kopiering og deling av arbeidet ditt, kan du " "investere tid og ressurser andre steder enn å leke katt-og-mus med folk som " @@ -3743,37 +4060,46 @@ msgstr "" "deling brakte dem." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1920 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1933 msgid "Anderson, Free, 86." msgstr "Anderson, Free, 86." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1916 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1929 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Being Made with Creative Commons means you stop thinking about ways to " +#| "artificially make your content scarce, and instead leverage it as the " +#| "potentially abundant resource it is.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" +#| "\"0\"/> When you see information abundance as a feature, not a bug, you " +#| "start thinking about the ways to use the idling capacity of your content " +#| "to your advantage. As my friend and colleague Eric Steuer once said, " +#| "“Using CC licenses shows you get the Internet.”" msgid "" "Being Made with Creative Commons means you stop thinking about ways to " "artificially make your content scarce, and instead leverage it as the " "potentially abundant resource it is.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/" "> When you see information abundance as a feature, not a bug, you start " "thinking about the ways to use the idling capacity of your content to your " -"advantage. As my friend and colleague Eric Steuer once said, “Using CC " -"licenses shows you get the Internet.”" +"advantage. As my friend and colleague Eric Steuer once said, <quote>Using CC " +"licenses shows you get the Internet.</quote>" msgstr "" "Å ha brukt Made with Creative Commons betyr at du slutter å tenke på måter å " "kunstig gjøre innholdet til et knapphetsgode, og i stedet utnytte det som " -"den potensielt rikelige ressursen det er.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"" -"0\"/> Når du ser informasjonsoverflod som en funksjon, ikke en feil, " +"den potensielt rikelige ressursen det er.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" +"\"0\"/> Når du ser informasjonsoverflod som en funksjon, ikke en feil, " "begynner du å tenke på måter å bruke denne tomgangskapasiteten til din " "fordel. Som min venn og kollega Eric Steuer engang sa, «å bruke CC-lisenser " "viser at du har taket på Internett»." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1931 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1944 #, fuzzy msgid "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 144." msgstr "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 144." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1928 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1941 msgid "" "Cory Doctorow says it costs him nothing when other people make copies of his " "work, and it opens the possibility that he might get something in return." @@ -3796,7 +4122,7 @@ msgstr "" "annen måte." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1941 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1954 msgid "" "There are all kinds of way to leverage the power of sharing and remix to " "your benefit. Here are a few." @@ -3805,12 +4131,23 @@ msgstr "" "fordel. Her er noen:" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1945 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1958 msgid "Use CC to grow a larger audience" msgstr "Bruk CC for å finne et større publikum" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1947 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1960 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Putting a Creative Commons license on your content won’t make it " +#| "automatically go viral, but eliminating legal barriers to copying the " +#| "work certainly can’t hurt the chances that your work will be shared. The " +#| "CC license symbolizes that sharing is welcome. It can act as a little tap " +#| "on the shoulder to those who come across the work—a nudge to copy the " +#| "work if they have any inkling of doing so. All things being equal, if one " +#| "piece of content has a sign that says Share and the other says Don’t " +#| "Share (which is what “©” means), which do you think people are more " +#| "likely to share?" msgid "" "Putting a Creative Commons license on your content won’t make it " "automatically go viral, but eliminating legal barriers to copying the work " @@ -3819,7 +4156,8 @@ msgid "" "the shoulder to those who come across the work—a nudge to copy the work if " "they have any inkling of doing so. All things being equal, if one piece of " "content has a sign that says Share and the other says Don’t Share (which is " -"what “©” means), which do you think people are more likely to share?" +"what <quote>©</quote> means), which do you think people are more likely to " +"share?" msgstr "" "Å gi innholdet ditt Creative Commons-lisens, vil ikke automatisk gjøre at " "det til landeplage, men eliminering av juridiske kopihindre svekker ikke " @@ -3831,7 +4169,7 @@ msgstr "" "sannsynlig at folk deler?" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1959 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1972 msgid "" "The Conversation is an online news site with in-depth articles written by " "academics who are experts on particular topics. All of the articles are CC-" @@ -3846,25 +4184,38 @@ msgstr "" "akademiske forfattere som ønsker å nå så mange lesere som mulig." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1975 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1989 #, fuzzy msgid "Anderson, Free, 123." msgstr "Anderson, Free, 123." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1968 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1981 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "The idea that more eyeballs equates with more success is a form of the " +#| "max strategy, adopted by Google and other technology companies. According " +#| "to Google’s Eric Schmidt, the idea is simple: “Take whatever it is you " +#| "are doing and do it at the max in terms of distribution. The other way of " +#| "saying this is that since marginal cost of distribution is free, you " +#| "might as well put things everywhere.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" +#| "\"0\"/> This strategy is what often motivates companies to make their " +#| "products and services free (i.e., no cost), but the same logic applies to " +#| "making content freely shareable. Because CC-licensed content is free (as " +#| "in cost) and can be freely copied, CC licensing makes it even more " +#| "accessible and likely to spread." msgid "" "The idea that more eyeballs equates with more success is a form of the max " "strategy, adopted by Google and other technology companies. According to " -"Google’s Eric Schmidt, the idea is simple: “Take whatever it is you are " -"doing and do it at the max in terms of distribution. The other way of saying " -"this is that since marginal cost of distribution is free, you might as well " -"put things everywhere.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> This " -"strategy is what often motivates companies to make their products and " -"services free (i.e., no cost), but the same logic applies to making content " -"freely shareable. Because CC-licensed content is free (as in cost) and can " -"be freely copied, CC licensing makes it even more accessible and likely to " -"spread." +"Google’s Eric Schmidt, the idea is simple: <quote>Take whatever it is you " +"are doing and do it at the max in terms of distribution. The other way of " +"saying this is that since marginal cost of distribution is free, you might " +"as well put things everywhere.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" +"\"0\"/> This strategy is what often motivates companies to make their " +"products and services free (i.e., no cost), but the same logic applies to " +"making content freely shareable. Because CC-licensed content is free (as in " +"cost) and can be freely copied, CC licensing makes it even more accessible " +"and likely to spread." msgstr "" "Ideen om at jo flere seende øyne, er i maksimaliseringsøyemed, er en form " "for maksimumsstrategi, adoptert av Google og andre teknologiselskaper. " @@ -3872,23 +4223,23 @@ msgstr "" "med maksimal distribusjon. Den andre måten å si dette på er at når de " "marginale distribusjonskostnadene er borte, kan du også legge ut ting " "overalt».<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Denne strategien " -"motiverer ofte selskaper til å gjøre sine produkter og tjenester gratis (" -"dvs. til ingen kostnad), men den samme logikken gjelder for å dele innhold " +"motiverer ofte selskaper til å gjøre sine produkter og tjenester gratis " +"(dvs. til ingen kostnad), men den samme logikken gjelder for å dele innhold " "fritt. Fordi CC-lisensiert innhold er gratis og fritt kan deles, gjør CC-" "lisensiering innholdet enda mer tilgjengelig, og sannsynligvis spredt." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1989 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2003 msgid "Ibid., 132." msgstr "Ibid., 132." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1994 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2008 msgid "Ibid., 70." msgstr "Ibid., 70." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1984 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1998 msgid "" "If you are successful in reaching more users, readers, listeners, or other " "consumers of your work, you can start to benefit from the bandwagon effect. " @@ -3907,23 +4258,28 @@ msgstr "" "nytteverdi.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1999 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2013 msgid "Use CC to get attribution and name recognition" msgstr "Bruk av CC for å få henvisninger og anerkjennelse" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2013 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2027 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "James Surowiecki, The Wisdom of Crowds (New York: Anchor Books, 2005), " +#| "124. Surowiecki says, “The measure of success of laws and contracts is " +#| "how rarely they are invoked.”" msgid "" "James Surowiecki, The Wisdom of Crowds (New York: Anchor Books, 2005), 124. " -"Surowiecki says, “The measure of success of laws and contracts is how rarely " -"they are invoked.”" +"Surowiecki says, <quote>The measure of success of laws and contracts is how " +"rarely they are invoked.</quote>" msgstr "" "James Surowiecki, The Wisdom of Crowds (New York: Anchor Books, 2005), 124. " "Surowiecki uttaler: «Målestokken på lover og kontrakters vellykkethet, er " "sjeldenheten av deres anvendelse.»" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2001 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2015 msgid "" "Every Creative Commons license requires that credit be given to the author, " "and that reusers supply a link back to the original source of the material. " @@ -3947,15 +4303,15 @@ msgstr "" "normer. Faktisk er det sosiale normer, heller enn trusselen om juridiske " "håndhevelse, som oftest uansett motiverer folk til å henvise, og ellers " "overholde lisensvilkårene i CC. Dette er kjennetegnet på et velfungerende " -"fellesskap, både i markedet og samfunnet som sådan.<placeholder type=\"" -"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> CC-lisenser gjenspeiler et sett ønsker fra " +"fellesskap, både i markedet og samfunnet som sådan.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> CC-lisenser gjenspeiler et sett ønsker fra " "bidragsyterne, og i de aller fleste tilfeller er folk naturligvis " "tilbøyelige til å følge disse ønskene. Dette er spesielt tilfellet for noe " "så enkelhetlig, og i samsvar med grunnleggende forestillinger om rimelighet, " "som å gi henvisning." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2024 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2038 msgid "" "The fact that the name of the creator follows a CC-licensed work makes the " "licenses an important means to develop a reputation or, in corporate speak, " @@ -3981,7 +4337,7 @@ msgstr "" "arbeide." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2038 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2052 msgid "" "Attribution can be about more than just receiving credit. It can also be " "about establishing provenance. People naturally want to know where content " @@ -4006,7 +4362,7 @@ msgstr "" "designet blir en spesiell del av produktet." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2053 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2067 msgid "" "Knowing the source of a work is also critical to ensuring its credibility. " "Just as a trademark is designed to give consumers a way to identify the " @@ -4023,12 +4379,12 @@ msgstr "" "det å være en pålitelig informasjonskilde mer verdifullt enn noensinne." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2063 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2077 msgid "Use CC-licensed content as a marketing tool" msgstr "Å bruke CC-lisensiert innhold som markedsføringsverktøy" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2065 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2079 #, fuzzy msgid "" "As we will cover in more detail later, many endeavors that are Made with " @@ -4046,13 +4402,13 @@ msgstr "" "innholdet trekke folk til dine andre produkter eller tjenester." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2087 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2101 #, fuzzy msgid "Anderson, Free, 44." msgstr "Anderson, Free, 44." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2074 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2088 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched’s Pinter told us she has seen time and again how " "offering CC-licensed content—that is, digitally for free—actually increases " @@ -4081,7 +4437,7 @@ msgstr "" "en form for markedsføring." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2091 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2105 msgid "" "In some cases, endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons do not even " "need dedicated marketing teams or marketing budgets. Cards Against Humanity " @@ -4098,8 +4454,8 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" "I noen tilfeller trenger arbeid utført med Creative Commons ikke engang egne " "markedsføringsteam eller -budsjetter. Cards Against Humanity er et CC-" -"lisensiert kortspill tilgjengelig per gratis nedlasting. På grunn av dette, (" -"takket være spillets CC-lisens,) sier de som laget det at det en av de best " +"lisensiert kortspill tilgjengelig per gratis nedlasting. På grunn av dette, " +"(takket være spillets CC-lisens,) sier de som laget det at det en av de best " "markedsførte spillene i verden, og at de ikke har brukt én krone på " "markedsføring. Lærebokutgiveren OpenStax har også sluppet å ansette et " "markedsføringslag. Deres produkter er gratis, eller billigere å kjøpe som " @@ -4110,14 +4466,14 @@ msgstr "" "dermed OpenStax-lærebøker)." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2108 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2122 msgid "Use CC to enable hands-on engagement with your work" msgstr "" "Bruk av CC til å aktivere egenhendig engasjement, altså aktiv deltakelse i " "og med arbeidet ditt" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2111 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2125 msgid "" "The great promise of Creative Commons licensing is that it signifies an " "embrace of remix culture. Indeed, this is the great promise of digital " @@ -4130,13 +4486,13 @@ msgstr "" "i skapende arbeid." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2125 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2139 #, fuzzy msgid "Osterwalder and Pigneur, Business Model Generation, 23." msgstr "Osterwalder og Pigneur, Business Model Generation, 23." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2118 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2132 msgid "" "Four of the six CC licenses enable reusers to take apart, build upon, or " "otherwise adapt the work. Depending on the context, adaptation can mean " @@ -4160,25 +4516,25 @@ msgstr "" "viktig." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2138 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2152 #, fuzzy msgid "Anderson, Free, 67." msgstr "Anderson, Free, 67." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2143 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2157 #, fuzzy msgid "Ibid., 58." msgstr "Ibid., 58." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2146 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2160 #, fuzzy msgid "Anderson, Makers, 71." msgstr "Anderson, Makers, 71." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2151 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2165 #, fuzzy msgid "" "Clay Shirky, Cognitive Surplus: How Technology Makes Consumers into " @@ -4188,15 +4544,30 @@ msgstr "" "Collaborators (London: Penguin Books, 2010), 78." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2133 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2147 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "This is a way to counteract a potential downside of the abundance of free " +#| "and open content described above. As Anderson wrote in Free, “People " +#| "often don’t care as much about things they don’t pay for, and as a result " +#| "they don’t think as much about how they consume them.”<placeholder type=" +#| "\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> If even the tiny act of volition of paying one " +#| "penny for something changes our perception of that thing, then surely the " +#| "act of remixing it enhances our perception exponentially.<placeholder " +#| "type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> We know that people will pay more for " +#| "products they had a part in creating.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" +#| "\"2\"/> And we know that creating something, no matter what quality, " +#| "brings with it a type of creative satisfaction that can never be replaced " +#| "by consuming something created by someone else.<placeholder type=" +#| "\"footnote\" id=\"3\"/>" msgid "" "This is a way to counteract a potential downside of the abundance of free " -"and open content described above. As Anderson wrote in Free, “People often " -"don’t care as much about things they don’t pay for, and as a result they " -"don’t think as much about how they consume them.”<placeholder type=\"footnote" -"\" id=\"0\"/> If even the tiny act of volition of paying one penny for " -"something changes our perception of that thing, then surely the act of " -"remixing it enhances our perception exponentially.<placeholder type=" +"and open content described above. As Anderson wrote in Free, <quote>People " +"often don’t care as much about things they don’t pay for, and as a result " +"they don’t think as much about how they consume them.</quote><placeholder " +"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> If even the tiny act of volition of paying one " +"penny for something changes our perception of that thing, then surely the " +"act of remixing it enhances our perception exponentially.<placeholder type=" "\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> We know that people will pay more for products they " "had a part in creating.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"2\"/> And we know " "that creating something, no matter what quality, brings with it a type of " @@ -4210,28 +4581,37 @@ msgstr "" "Hvis selv den lille viljen iboende i å betale ett øre for noe, endrer vår " "oppfatning derav, vil med sikkerhet det å remikse forbedre vår oppfatning " "eksponentielt.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> Vi vet at folk " -"betaler mer for produkter de har hatt en rolle i å lage.<placeholder type=\"" -"footnote\" id=\"2\"/> Vi vet også at å skape noe, uansett i hvilken " +"betaler mer for produkter de har hatt en rolle i å lage.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"2\"/> Vi vet også at å skape noe, uansett i hvilken " "kapasitet, bringer med seg en slags kreativ tilfredshet som ikke lar seg " -"erstatte av å bruke noe laget av andre.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"" -"3\"/>" +"erstatte av å bruke noe laget av andre.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" +"\"3\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2164 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2178 #, fuzzy msgid "Ibid., 21." msgstr "Ibid., 21." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2157 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2171 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Actively engaging with the content helps us avoid the type of aimless " +#| "consumption that anyone who has absentmindedly scrolled through their " +#| "social-media feeds for an hour knows all too well. In his book, Cognitive " +#| "Surplus, Clay Shirky says, “To participate is to act as if your presence " +#| "matters, as if, when you see something or hear something, your response " +#| "is part of the event.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Opening " +#| "the door to your content can get people more deeply tied to your work." msgid "" "Actively engaging with the content helps us avoid the type of aimless " "consumption that anyone who has absentmindedly scrolled through their social-" "media feeds for an hour knows all too well. In his book, Cognitive Surplus, " -"Clay Shirky says, “To participate is to act as if your presence matters, as " -"if, when you see something or hear something, your response is part of the " -"event.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Opening the door to your " -"content can get people more deeply tied to your work." +"Clay Shirky says, <quote>To participate is to act as if your presence " +"matters, as if, when you see something or hear something, your response is " +"part of the event.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Opening " +"the door to your content can get people more deeply tied to your work." msgstr "" "Aktivt innholdsengasjement behjelper unngåelsen i det planløste forbruks " "åndsfraværelse. I ens sosiale mediers rullefelt finnes tilbake den times " @@ -4242,18 +4622,31 @@ msgstr "" "ditt." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2170 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2184 msgid "Use CC to differentiate yourself" msgstr "Bruk av CC for å skille seg ut" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2179 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2193 #, fuzzy msgid "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 43." msgstr "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 43." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2172 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2186 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Operating under a traditional copyright regime usually means operating " +#| "under the rules of establishment players in the media. Business " +#| "strategies that are embedded in the traditional copyright system, like " +#| "using digital rights management (DRM) and signing exclusivity contracts, " +#| "can tie the hands of creators, often at the expense of the creator’s best " +#| "interest.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Being Made with " +#| "Creative Commons means you can function without those barriers and, in " +#| "many cases, use the increased openness as a competitive advantage. David " +#| "Harris from OpenStax said they specifically pursue strategies they know " +#| "that traditional publishers cannot. “Don’t go into a market and play by " +#| "the incumbent rules,” David said. “Change the rules of engagement.”" msgid "" "Operating under a traditional copyright regime usually means operating under " "the rules of establishment players in the media. Business strategies that " @@ -4264,8 +4657,8 @@ msgid "" "function without those barriers and, in many cases, use the increased " "openness as a competitive advantage. David Harris from OpenStax said they " "specifically pursue strategies they know that traditional publishers cannot. " -"“Don’t go into a market and play by the incumbent rules,” David said. " -"“Change the rules of engagement.”" +"<quote>Don’t go into a market and play by the incumbent rules,</quote> David " +"said. <quote>Change the rules of engagement.</quote>" msgstr "" "Å operere under et tradisjonelt opphavsrettsregime betyr vanligvis reglene " "til etablerte medieaktører. Forretningsstrategier innebygd i det " @@ -4275,28 +4668,35 @@ msgstr "" "interesse.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Laget med Creative " "Commons betyr at du kan fungere uten disse barrierene, og i mange tilfeller " "bruke økt åpenhet som konkurransefortrinn. David Harris fra OpenStax sa at " -"de spesielt forfulgte strategier de vet tradisjonelle utgivere ikke kan. «" -"Ikke gå inn i et marked og lek med de etablerte reglene», sa David. «" -"Reglene for engasjement må endres»." +"de spesielt forfulgte strategier de vet tradisjonelle utgivere ikke kan. " +"«Ikke gå inn i et marked og lek med de etablerte reglene», sa David. " +"«Reglene for engasjement må endres»." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2191 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2205 msgid "Making Money" msgstr "Å tjene penger" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2201 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2215 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "William Landes Foster, Peter Kim, and Barbara Christiansen, “Ten " +#| "Nonprofit Funding Models,” Stanford Social Innovation Review, Spring " +#| "2009, <ulink url=\"http://ssir.org/articles/entry/" +#| "ten_nonprofit_funding_models\"/>." msgid "" -"William Landes Foster, Peter Kim, and Barbara Christiansen, “Ten Nonprofit " -"Funding Models,” Stanford Social Innovation Review, Spring 2009, <ulink url=" -"\"http://ssir.org/articles/entry/ten_nonprofit_funding_models\"/>." +"William Landes Foster, Peter Kim, and Barbara Christiansen, <quote>Ten " +"Nonprofit Funding Models,</quote> Stanford Social Innovation Review, Spring " +"2009, <ulink url=\"http://ssir.org/articles/entry/" +"ten_nonprofit_funding_models\"/>." msgstr "" "William Landes Foster, Peter Kim, og Barbara Christiansen, “Ten Nonprofit " "Funding Models,” Stanford Social Innovation Review, Spring 2009, <ulink url=" "\"http://ssir.org/articles/entry/ten_nonprofit_funding_models\"/>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2193 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2207 msgid "" "Like any moneymaking endeavor, those that are Made with Creative Commons " "have to generate some type of value for their audience or customers. " @@ -4326,20 +4726,29 @@ msgstr "" "markedstransaksjoner, gir mottakeren penger i forståelse av gjensidighet." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2222 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2236 msgid "Shirky, Cognitive Surplus, 111." msgstr "Shirky, Cognitive Surplus, 111." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2214 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2228 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Most who are Made with Creative Commons use a variety of methods to bring " +#| "in revenue, some market-based and some not. One common strategy is using " +#| "grant funding for content creation when research-and-development costs " +#| "are particularly high, and then finding a different revenue stream (or " +#| "streams) for ongoing expenses. As Shirky wrote, “The trick is in knowing " +#| "when markets are an optimal way of organizing interactions and when they " +#| "are not.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgid "" "Most who are Made with Creative Commons use a variety of methods to bring in " "revenue, some market-based and some not. One common strategy is using grant " "funding for content creation when research-and-development costs are " "particularly high, and then finding a different revenue stream (or streams) " -"for ongoing expenses. As Shirky wrote, “The trick is in knowing when markets " -"are an optimal way of organizing interactions and when they are " -"not.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"for ongoing expenses. As Shirky wrote, <quote>The trick is in knowing when " +"markets are an optimal way of organizing interactions and when they are not." +"</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" "Det meste som er laget med Creative Commons bruker en rekke ulike metoder " "for å bringe inn omsetning, noen markedsbaserte og andre ikke. En vanlig " @@ -4350,7 +4759,7 @@ msgstr "" "på og når de ikke er det».<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2226 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2240 msgid "" "Our case studies explore in more detail the various revenue-generating " "mechanisms used by the creators, organizations, and businesses we " @@ -4367,17 +4776,17 @@ msgstr "" "abstraksjonsnivå, kan være lærerikt." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2235 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2249 msgid "Market-based revenue streams" msgstr "Markedsbaserte inntektsstrømmer" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2240 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2254 msgid "Osterwalder and Pigneur, Business Model Generation, 30." msgstr "Osterwalder og Pigneur, Business Model Generation, 30." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2247 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2261 msgid "" "Jim Whitehurst, The Open Organization: Igniting Passion and Performance " "(Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2015), 202." @@ -4386,7 +4795,7 @@ msgstr "" "(Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2015), 202." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2237 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2251 msgid "" "In the market, the central question when determining how to bring in revenue " "is what value people are willing to pay for.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " @@ -4406,12 +4815,27 @@ msgstr "" "basert på en verdiøkning du tilbyr.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2263 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2277 msgid "Anderson, Free, 71." msgstr "Anderson, Free, 71." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2253 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2267 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "In many ways, this is the way of the future for all content-driven " +#| "endeavors. In the market, value lives in things that are scarce. Because " +#| "the Internet makes a universe of content available to all of us for free, " +#| "it is difficult to get people to pay for content online. The struggling " +#| "newspaper industry is a testament to this fact. This is compounded by the " +#| "fact that at least some amount of copying is probably inevitable. That " +#| "means you may end up competing with free versions of your own content, " +#| "whether you condone it or not.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> " +#| "If people can easily find your content for free, getting people to buy it " +#| "will be difficult, particularly in a context where access to content is " +#| "more important than owning it. In Free, Anderson wrote, “Copyright " +#| "protection schemes, whether coded into either law or software, are simply " +#| "holding up a price against the force of gravity.”" msgid "" "In many ways, this is the way of the future for all content-driven " "endeavors. In the market, value lives in things that are scarce. Because the " @@ -4423,9 +4847,9 @@ msgid "" "or not.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> If people can easily find " "your content for free, getting people to buy it will be difficult, " "particularly in a context where access to content is more important than " -"owning it. In Free, Anderson wrote, “Copyright protection schemes, whether " -"coded into either law or software, are simply holding up a price against the " -"force of gravity.”" +"owning it. In Free, Anderson wrote, <quote>Copyright protection schemes, " +"whether coded into either law or software, are simply holding up a price " +"against the force of gravity.</quote>" msgstr "" "På mange måter er dette veien fremover for alle innholdsdrevne bestrebelser. " "I markedet ligger verdien i ting som er mangelvare. Med Internetter som et " @@ -4441,21 +4865,33 @@ msgstr "" "programvaren, er i enkelhet å holde en pris opp imot tyngdekraften»." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2282 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2296 msgid "Ibid., 231." msgstr "Ibid., 231." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2272 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2286 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Of course, this doesn’t mean that content-driven endeavors have no future " +#| "in the traditional marketplace. In Free, Anderson explains how when one " +#| "product or service becomes free, as information and content largely have " +#| "in the digital age, other things become more valuable. “Every abundance " +#| "creates a new scarcity,” he wrote. You just have to find some way other " +#| "than the content to provide value to your audience or customers. As " +#| "Anderson says, “It’s easy to compete with Free: simply offer something " +#| "better or at least different from the free version.”<placeholder type=" +#| "\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgid "" "Of course, this doesn’t mean that content-driven endeavors have no future in " "the traditional marketplace. In Free, Anderson explains how when one product " "or service becomes free, as information and content largely have in the " -"digital age, other things become more valuable. “Every abundance creates a " -"new scarcity,” he wrote. You just have to find some way other than the " -"content to provide value to your audience or customers. As Anderson says, " -"“It’s easy to compete with Free: simply offer something better or at least " -"different from the free version.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"digital age, other things become more valuable. <quote>Every abundance " +"creates a new scarcity,</quote> he wrote. You just have to find some way " +"other than the content to provide value to your audience or customers. As " +"Anderson says, <quote>It’s easy to compete with Free: simply offer something " +"better or at least different from the free version.</quote><placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" "Dette betyr selvfølgelig at innholdsdrevne bestrebelser ikke har noen " "fremtid på den tradisjonelle markedsplassen. I Free forklarer Anderson at " @@ -4468,7 +4904,7 @@ msgstr "" "\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2286 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2300 msgid "" "In light of this reality, in some ways endeavors that are Made with Creative " "Commons are at a level playing field with all content-based endeavors in the " @@ -4485,7 +4921,7 @@ msgstr "" "Creative Commons." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2295 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2309 msgid "" "For content creators and distributors, there are nearly infinite ways to " "provide value to the consumers of your work, above and beyond the value that " @@ -4499,12 +4935,12 @@ msgstr "" "tjenester." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2302 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2316 msgid "Here are the most common high-level categories." msgstr "Her er de vanligste høynivå kategoriene." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2306 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2320 msgid "" "Providing a custom service to consumers of your work <emphasis>[MARKET-" "BASED]</emphasis>" @@ -4513,21 +4949,31 @@ msgstr "" "<emphasis>[MARKEDSBASERT]</emphasis>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2316 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2330 msgid "Ibid., 97." msgstr "Ibid., 97." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2309 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2323 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "In this age of information abundance, we don’t lack for content. The " +#| "trick is finding content that matches our needs and wants, so customized " +#| "services are particularly valuable. As Anderson wrote, “Commodity " +#| "information (everybody gets the same version) wants to be free. " +#| "Customized information (you get something unique and meaningful to you) " +#| "wants to be expensive.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> This can " +#| "be anything from the artistic and cultural consulting services provided " +#| "by Ártica to the custom-song business of Jonathan “Song-A-Day” Mann." msgid "" "In this age of information abundance, we don’t lack for content. The trick " "is finding content that matches our needs and wants, so customized services " -"are particularly valuable. As Anderson wrote, “Commodity information " +"are particularly valuable. As Anderson wrote, <quote>Commodity information " "(everybody gets the same version) wants to be free. Customized information " -"(you get something unique and meaningful to you) wants to be " -"expensive.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> This can be anything " -"from the artistic and cultural consulting services provided by Ártica to the " -"custom-song business of Jonathan “Song-A-Day” Mann." +"(you get something unique and meaningful to you) wants to be expensive.</" +"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> This can be anything from " +"the artistic and cultural consulting services provided by Ártica to the " +"custom-song business of Jonathan <quote>Song-A-Day</quote> Mann." msgstr "" "I denne informasjonsalderens overflod mangler vi ikke innhold. Trikset er å " "finne innhold som samsvarer med våre behov og ønsker, så tilpassede " @@ -4539,18 +4985,18 @@ msgstr "" "fra Jonathan «Song-A-Day» Mann." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2323 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2338 msgid "Charging for the physical copy <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" "Å ta betalt for den fysiske kopien <emphasis>[MARKEDSBASERT]</emphasis>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2330 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2345 msgid "Anderson, Makers, 107." msgstr "Anderson, Makers, 107." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2326 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2341 msgid "" "In his book about maker culture, Anderson characterizes this model as giving " "away the bits and selling the atoms (where bits refers to digital content " @@ -4594,13 +5040,13 @@ msgstr "" "forretningsprinsipper." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2354 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2369 msgid "Charging for the in-person version <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" "Å ta betalt for en personlig versjon <emphasis>[MARKEDSBASERT]</emphasis>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2357 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2372 msgid "" "As anyone who has ever gone to a concert will tell you, experiencing " "creativity in person is a completely different experience from consuming a " @@ -4618,12 +5064,12 @@ msgstr "" "et tale- eller opplæringskurs." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2368 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2383 msgid "Selling merchandise <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "Å selge handelsvarer <emphasis>[MARKEDSBASERT]</emphasis>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2371 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2386 msgid "" "In many cases, people who like your work will pay for products demonstrating " "a connection to your work. As a child of the 1980s, I can personally attest " @@ -4636,12 +5082,12 @@ msgstr "" "viktig inntektskilde for museer og gallerier." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2388 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2403 msgid "Osterwalder and Pigneur, Business Model Generation, 89." msgstr "Osterwalder og Pigneur, Business Model Generation, 89." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2378 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2393 msgid "" "Sometimes the way to find a market-based revenue stream is by providing " "value to people other than those who consume your CC-licensed content. In " @@ -4667,23 +5113,23 @@ msgstr "" "å betale for, du kan også levere andre tjenester." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2395 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2410 msgid "Charging advertisers or sponsors <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" "Ta betalt fra annonsører og sponsorer <emphasis>[MARKEDSBASERT]</emphasis>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2403 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2418 msgid "Ibid., 92." msgstr "Ibid., 92." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2407 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2422 msgid "Anderson, Free, 142." msgstr "Anderson, Free, 142." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2398 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2413 msgid "" "The traditional model of subsidizing free content is advertising. In this " "version of multi-sided platforms, advertisers pay for the opportunity to " @@ -4710,23 +5156,34 @@ msgstr "" "sponsor av et bestemt innhold, prosjekter eller oppgaven som sådan." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2416 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2431 msgid "Charging your content creators <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" "Betaling fra dine innholdsleverandører <emphasis>[MARKEDSBASERT]</emphasis>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2419 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2434 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Another type of multisided platform is where the content creators " +#| "themselves pay to be featured on the platform. Obviously, this revenue " +#| "stream is only available to those who rely on work created, at least in " +#| "part, by others. The most well-known version of this model is the “author-" +#| "processing charge” of open-access journals like those published by the " +#| "Public Library of Science, but there are other variations. The " +#| "Conversation is primarily funded by a university-membership model, where " +#| "universities pay to have their faculties participate as writers of the " +#| "content on the Conversation website." msgid "" "Another type of multisided platform is where the content creators themselves " "pay to be featured on the platform. Obviously, this revenue stream is only " "available to those who rely on work created, at least in part, by others. " -"The most well-known version of this model is the “author-processing charge” " -"of open-access journals like those published by the Public Library of " -"Science, but there are other variations. The Conversation is primarily " -"funded by a university-membership model, where universities pay to have " -"their faculties participate as writers of the content on the Conversation " -"website." +"The most well-known version of this model is the <quote>author-processing " +"charge</quote> of open-access journals like those published by the Public " +"Library of Science, but there are other variations. The Conversation is " +"primarily funded by a university-membership model, where universities pay to " +"have their faculties participate as writers of the content on the " +"Conversation website." msgstr "" "En annen type flersidig plattform er der de som lager innholdet selv betaler " "for å bli omtalt på plattformen. Selvfølgelig er denne inntektsstrømmen bare " @@ -4739,17 +5196,17 @@ msgstr "" "innhold til Conversations nettside." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2433 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2448 msgid "Charging a transaction fee <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "Transaksjonsgebyr <emphasis>[MARKEDSBASERT]</emphasis>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2438 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2453 msgid "Osterwalder and Pigneur, Business Model Generation, 32." msgstr "Osterwalder og Pigneur, Business Model Generation, 32." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2436 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2451 msgid "" "This is a version of a traditional business model based on brokering " "transactions between parties.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> " @@ -4762,8 +5219,8 @@ msgid "" "of the designs on the platform." msgstr "" "Dette er en versjon av en tradisjonell modell basert på " -"meglingstransaksjoner mellom deltakere.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"" -"0\"/> Utvalg og organisering er et viktig element i denne modellen. " +"meglingstransaksjoner mellom deltakere.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" +"\"0\"/> Utvalg og organisering er et viktig element i denne modellen. " "Plattformer som Noun-prosjektet tilfører verdi ved å gå igjennom CC-" "lisensiert innhold for å velge ut biter med høy kvalitet, og så utlede " "inntekt når innholdsleverandørene gjør transaksjoner med kunder. Andre " @@ -4773,7 +5230,7 @@ msgstr "" "på plattformen." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2450 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2465 msgid "" "Providing a service to your creators <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" @@ -4781,7 +5238,7 @@ msgstr "" "emphasis>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2453 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2468 msgid "" "As mentioned above, endeavors can make money by providing customized " "services to their users. Platforms can undertake a variation of this service " @@ -4798,12 +5255,12 @@ msgstr "" "dataene de bidrar med til plattformen mer synlige og gjenbrukbare." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2463 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2478 msgid "Licensing a trademark <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "Lisensiere et varemerke <emphasis>[MARKEDSBASERT]</emphasis>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2466 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2481 msgid "" "Finally, some that are Made with Creative Commons make money by selling use " "of their trademarks. Well known brands that consumers associate with " @@ -4824,12 +5281,12 @@ msgstr "" "fordelen av overfloden av CC-innhold." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2478 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2493 msgid "Reciprocity-based revenue streams" msgstr "Gjensidighetsbaserte inntektsstrømmer" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2480 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2495 msgid "" "Even if we set aside grant funding, we found that the traditional economic " "framework of understanding the market failed to fully capture the ways the " @@ -4842,7 +5299,18 @@ msgstr "" "om å tjene penger på knapphet." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2487 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2502 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Rather than devising a scheme to get people to pay money in exchange for " +#| "some direct value provided to them, many of the revenue streams were more " +#| "about providing value, building a relationship, and then eventually " +#| "finding some money that flows back out of a sense of reciprocity. While " +#| "some look like traditional nonprofit funding models, they aren’t charity. " +#| "The endeavor exchange value with people, just not necessarily " +#| "synchronously or in a way that requires that those values be equal. As " +#| "David Bollier wrote in Think Like a Commoner, “There is no self-serving " +#| "calculation of whether the value given and received is strictly equal.”" msgid "" "Rather than devising a scheme to get people to pay money in exchange for " "some direct value provided to them, many of the revenue streams were more " @@ -4851,8 +5319,8 @@ msgid "" "like traditional nonprofit funding models, they aren’t charity. The endeavor " "exchange value with people, just not necessarily synchronously or in a way " "that requires that those values be equal. As David Bollier wrote in Think " -"Like a Commoner, “There is no self-serving calculation of whether the value " -"given and received is strictly equal.”" +"Like a Commoner, <quote>There is no self-serving calculation of whether the " +"value given and received is strictly equal.</quote>" msgstr "" "I stedet for å utarbeide en plan for å få folk til å betale penger for noe " "som gir dem direkte verdi, handlet mange av inntektsstrømmene mer om å gi " @@ -4864,13 +5332,20 @@ msgstr "" "iboende kalkyle til egen vinning i om verdien gitt og mottatt er helt lik»." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2500 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2515 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "This should be a familiar dynamic—it is the way you deal with your " +#| "friends and family. We give without regard for what and when we will get " +#| "back. David Bollier wrote, “Reciprocal social exchange lies at the heart " +#| "of human identity, community and culture. It is a vital brain function " +#| "that helps the human species survive and evolve.”" msgid "" "This should be a familiar dynamic—it is the way you deal with your friends " "and family. We give without regard for what and when we will get back. David " -"Bollier wrote, “Reciprocal social exchange lies at the heart of human " +"Bollier wrote, <quote>Reciprocal social exchange lies at the heart of human " "identity, community and culture. It is a vital brain function that helps the " -"human species survive and evolve.”" +"human species survive and evolve.</quote>" msgstr "" "Dette bør være en kjent dynamikk – det er måten du behandler venner og " "familie. Offer uten hensyn til gjengjeldelse og tidsperspektiv. David " @@ -4879,17 +5354,17 @@ msgstr "" "menneskeheten i sin overlevelse og utvikling»." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2510 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2525 msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 150." msgstr "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 150." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2514 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2529 msgid "Ibid., 134." msgstr "Ibid., 134." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2508 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2523 msgid "" "What is rare is to incorporate this sort of relationship into an endeavor " "that also engages with the market.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> " @@ -4903,7 +5378,7 @@ msgstr "" "verdi.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2519 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2534 msgid "" "Memberships and individual donations <emphasis>[RECIPROCITY-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" @@ -4911,7 +5386,7 @@ msgstr "" "emphasis>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2522 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2537 msgid "" "While memberships and donations are traditional nonprofit funding models, in " "the Made with Creative Commons context, they are directly tied to the " @@ -4937,21 +5412,32 @@ msgstr "" "denne strategien lykkes." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2538 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2553 msgid "The pay-what-you-want model <emphasis>[RECIPROCITY-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "Betal-hva-du-vil-modellen <emphasis>[GJENSIDIGHETSBASERT]</emphasis>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2541 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2556 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "In the pay-what-you-want model, the beneficiary of Creative Commons " +#| "content is invited to give—at any amount they can and feel is " +#| "appropriate, based on the public and personal value they feel is " +#| "generated by the open content. Critically, these models are not touted as " +#| "“buying” something free. They are similar to a tip jar. People make " +#| "financial contributions as an act of gratitude. These models capitalize " +#| "on the fact that we are naturally inclined to give money for things we " +#| "value in the marketplace, even in situations where we could find a way to " +#| "get it for free." msgid "" "In the pay-what-you-want model, the beneficiary of Creative Commons content " "is invited to give—at any amount they can and feel is appropriate, based on " "the public and personal value they feel is generated by the open content. " -"Critically, these models are not touted as “buying” something free. They are " -"similar to a tip jar. People make financial contributions as an act of " -"gratitude. These models capitalize on the fact that we are naturally " -"inclined to give money for things we value in the marketplace, even in " -"situations where we could find a way to get it for free." +"Critically, these models are not touted as <quote>buying</quote> something " +"free. They are similar to a tip jar. People make financial contributions as " +"an act of gratitude. These models capitalize on the fact that we are " +"naturally inclined to give money for things we value in the marketplace, " +"even in situations where we could find a way to get it for free." msgstr "" "I betal-hva-du-vil-modellen blir mottakere av Creative Commons-innhold " "invitert til å gi et beløp de synes de kan gi og føler er nødvendig, basert " @@ -4963,12 +5449,27 @@ msgstr "" "situasjoner der vi ellers kan finne en måte å få det gratis på ." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2554 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2569 msgid "Crowdfunding <emphasis>[RECIPROCITY-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "Folkefinansiering <emphasis>[GJENSIDIGHETSBASERT]</emphasis>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2557 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2572 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Crowdfunding models are based on recouping the costs of creating and " +#| "distributing content before the content is created. If the endeavor is " +#| "Made with Creative Commons, anyone who wants the work in question could " +#| "simply wait until it’s created and then access it for free. That means, " +#| "for this model to work, people have to care about more than just " +#| "receiving the work. They have to want you to succeed. Amanda Palmer " +#| "credits the success of her crowdfunding on Kickstarter and Patreon to the " +#| "years she spent building her community and creating a connection with her " +#| "fans. She wrote in The Art of Asking, “Good art is made, good art is " +#| "shared, help is offered, ears are bent, emotions are exchanged, the " +#| "compost of real, deep connection is sprayed all over the fields. Then one " +#| "day, the artist steps up and asks for something. And if the ground has " +#| "been fertilized enough, the audience says, without hesitation: of course.”" msgid "" "Crowdfunding models are based on recouping the costs of creating and " "distributing content before the content is created. If the endeavor is Made " @@ -4978,11 +5479,11 @@ msgid "" "They have to want you to succeed. Amanda Palmer credits the success of her " "crowdfunding on Kickstarter and Patreon to the years she spent building her " "community and creating a connection with her fans. She wrote in The Art of " -"Asking, “Good art is made, good art is shared, help is offered, ears are " -"bent, emotions are exchanged, the compost of real, deep connection is " +"Asking, <quote>Good art is made, good art is shared, help is offered, ears " +"are bent, emotions are exchanged, the compost of real, deep connection is " "sprayed all over the fields. Then one day, the artist steps up and asks for " "something. And if the ground has been fertilized enough, the audience says, " -"without hesitation: of course.”" +"without hesitation: of course.</quote>" msgstr "" "Folkefinansiering er modeller basert på å tjene inn igjen kostnadene til å " "lage og distribuere innhold når innholdet er opprettet. Hvis arbeidet er " @@ -4999,7 +5500,7 @@ msgstr "" "Selvfølgelig»." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2575 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2590 msgid "" "Other types of crowdfunding rely on a sense of responsibility that a " "particular community may feel. Knowledge Unlatched pools funds from major U." @@ -5016,25 +5517,39 @@ msgstr "" "biblioteksamfunnet, og ideen om åpen tilgang generelt." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2586 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2601 msgid "Making Human Connections" msgstr "Å bygge menneskelige forbindelser" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2588 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2603 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Regardless of how they made money, in our interviews, we repeatedly heard " +#| "language like “persuading people to buy” and “inviting people to pay.” We " +#| "heard it even in connection with revenue streams that sit squarely within " +#| "the market. Cory Doctorow told us, “I have to convince my readers that " +#| "the right thing to do is to pay me.” The founders of the for-profit " +#| "company Lumen Learning showed us the letter they send to those who opt " +#| "not to pay for the services they provide in connection with their CC-" +#| "licensed educational content. It isn’t a cease-and-desist letter; it’s an " +#| "invitation to pay because it’s the right thing to do. This sort of " +#| "behavior toward what could be considered nonpaying customers is largely " +#| "unheard of in the traditional marketplace. But it seems to be part of the " +#| "fabric of being Made with Creative Commons." msgid "" "Regardless of how they made money, in our interviews, we repeatedly heard " -"language like “persuading people to buy” and “inviting people to pay.” We " -"heard it even in connection with revenue streams that sit squarely within " -"the market. Cory Doctorow told us, “I have to convince my readers that the " -"right thing to do is to pay me.” The founders of the for-profit company " -"Lumen Learning showed us the letter they send to those who opt not to pay " -"for the services they provide in connection with their CC-licensed " -"educational content. It isn’t a cease-and-desist letter; it’s an invitation " -"to pay because it’s the right thing to do. This sort of behavior toward what " -"could be considered nonpaying customers is largely unheard of in the " -"traditional marketplace. But it seems to be part of the fabric of being Made " -"with Creative Commons." +"language like <quote>persuading people to buy</quote> and <quote>inviting " +"people to pay.</quote> We heard it even in connection with revenue streams " +"that sit squarely within the market. Cory Doctorow told us, <quote>I have to " +"convince my readers that the right thing to do is to pay me.</quote> The " +"founders of the for-profit company Lumen Learning showed us the letter they " +"send to those who opt not to pay for the services they provide in connection " +"with their CC-licensed educational content. It isn’t a cease-and-desist " +"letter; it’s an invitation to pay because it’s the right thing to do. This " +"sort of behavior toward what could be considered nonpaying customers is " +"largely unheard of in the traditional marketplace. But it seems to be part " +"of the fabric of being Made with Creative Commons." msgstr "" "Uansett hvordan de tjente penger, i våre intervjuer hørte vi gjentatte " "ganger ord som «å overtale folk til å kjøpe» og «invitere folk til å " @@ -5050,13 +5565,22 @@ msgstr "" "oppbyggingen av å være Made with Creative Commons." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2604 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2620 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Nearly every endeavor we profiled relied, at least in part, on people " +#| "being invested in what they do. The closer the Creative Commons content " +#| "is to being “the product,” the more pronounced this dynamic has to be. " +#| "Rather than simply selling a product or service, they are making " +#| "ideological, personal, and creative connections with the people who value " +#| "what they do." msgid "" "Nearly every endeavor we profiled relied, at least in part, on people being " "invested in what they do. The closer the Creative Commons content is to " -"being “the product,” the more pronounced this dynamic has to be. Rather than " -"simply selling a product or service, they are making ideological, personal, " -"and creative connections with the people who value what they do." +"being <quote>the product,</quote> the more pronounced this dynamic has to " +"be. Rather than simply selling a product or service, they are making " +"ideological, personal, and creative connections with the people who value " +"what they do." msgstr "" "Nesten alle forsøk vi undersøkte støtte seg, minst delvis, på at folk " "investerer i hva de gjør. Jo nærmere Creative Commons-innhold er i å være " @@ -5065,7 +5589,7 @@ msgstr "" "kreative forbindelser med folk som verdsetter det de gjør." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2612 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2628 msgid "" "It took me a very long time to see how this avoidance of thinking about what " "they do in pure market terms was deeply tied to being Made with Creative " @@ -5075,7 +5599,7 @@ msgstr "" "rene markedstermer, var sterkt knyttet til Made with Creative Commons." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2617 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2633 msgid "" "I came to the research with preconceived notions about what Creative Commons " "is and what it means to be Made with Creative Commons. It turned out I was " @@ -5086,7 +5610,7 @@ msgstr "" "feil på så mange punkter." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2622 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2638 msgid "" "Obviously, being Made with Creative Commons means using Creative Commons " "licenses. That much I knew. But in our interviews, people spoke of so much " @@ -5107,7 +5631,7 @@ msgstr "" "utvide synsfeltet." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2633 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2649 msgid "" "Being Made with Creative Commons is not just about the simple act of " "licensing a copyrighted work under a set of standardized terms, but also " @@ -5132,7 +5656,7 @@ msgstr "" "hverandre." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2647 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2663 msgid "" "The rest of this section will explore some of the common strategies that " "creators, companies, and organizations use to remind us that there are " @@ -5146,12 +5670,12 @@ msgstr "" "deling virkelig ser ut." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2654 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2670 msgid "Be human" msgstr "Vær menneskelig" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2658 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2674 msgid "" "Dan Ariely, Predictably Irrational: The Hidden Forces That Shape Our " "Decisions, rev. ed. (New York: Harper Perennial, 2010), 109." @@ -5160,7 +5684,7 @@ msgstr "" "Decisions, rev. ed. (New York: Harper Perennial, 2010), 109." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2656 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2672 msgid "" "Humans are social animals, which means we are naturally inclined to treat " "each other well.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> But the further " @@ -5177,7 +5701,7 @@ msgstr "" "kan det også gjøre det lett å glemme at vi arbeider med et annet menneske." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2682 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2698 msgid "" "Austin Kleon, Show Your Work: 10 Ways to Share Your Creativity and Get " "Discovered (New York: Workman, 2014), 93." @@ -5186,19 +5710,32 @@ msgstr "" "Discovered (New York: Workman, 2014), 93." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2669 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2685 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "To counteract the anonymous and impersonal tendencies of how we operate " +#| "online, individual creators and corporations who use Creative Commons " +#| "licenses work to demonstrate their humanity. For some, this means pouring " +#| "their lives out on the page. For others, it means showing their creative " +#| "process, giving a glimpse into how they do what they do. As writer Austin " +#| "Kleon wrote, “Our work doesn’t speak for itself. Human beings want to " +#| "know where things came from, how they were made, and who made them. The " +#| "stories you tell about the work you do have a huge effect on how people " +#| "feel and what they understand about your work, and how people feel and " +#| "what they understand about your work affects how they value " +#| "it.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgid "" "To counteract the anonymous and impersonal tendencies of how we operate " "online, individual creators and corporations who use Creative Commons " "licenses work to demonstrate their humanity. For some, this means pouring " "their lives out on the page. For others, it means showing their creative " "process, giving a glimpse into how they do what they do. As writer Austin " -"Kleon wrote, “Our work doesn’t speak for itself. Human beings want to know " -"where things came from, how they were made, and who made them. The stories " -"you tell about the work you do have a huge effect on how people feel and " -"what they understand about your work, and how people feel and what they " -"understand about your work affects how they value it.”<placeholder type=" -"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"Kleon wrote, <quote>Our work doesn’t speak for itself. Human beings want to " +"know where things came from, how they were made, and who made them. The " +"stories you tell about the work you do have a huge effect on how people feel " +"and what they understand about your work, and how people feel and what they " +"understand about your work affects how they value it.</quote><placeholder " +"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" "For å motvirke anonyme og upersonlige tendenser i hvordan vi opererer på " "nettet, arbeider individuelle leverandører og selskaper, som bruker Creative " @@ -5213,16 +5750,28 @@ msgstr "" "<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2688 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2704 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "A critical component to doing this effectively is not worrying about " +#| "being a “brand.” That means not being afraid to be vulnerable. Amanda " +#| "Palmer says, “When you’re afraid of someone’s judgment, you can’t connect " +#| "with them. You’re too preoccupied with the task of impressing them.” Not " +#| "everyone is suited to live life as an open book like Palmer, and that’s " +#| "OK. There are a lot of ways to be human. The trick is just avoiding " +#| "pretense and the temptation to artificially craft an image. People don’t " +#| "just want the glossy version of you. They can’t relate to it, at least " +#| "not in a meaningful way." msgid "" "A critical component to doing this effectively is not worrying about being a " -"“brand.” That means not being afraid to be vulnerable. Amanda Palmer says, " -"“When you’re afraid of someone’s judgment, you can’t connect with them. " -"You’re too preoccupied with the task of impressing them.” Not everyone is " -"suited to live life as an open book like Palmer, and that’s OK. There are a " -"lot of ways to be human. The trick is just avoiding pretense and the " -"temptation to artificially craft an image. People don’t just want the glossy " -"version of you. They can’t relate to it, at least not in a meaningful way." +"<quote>brand.</quote> That means not being afraid to be vulnerable. Amanda " +"Palmer says, <quote>When you’re afraid of someone’s judgment, you can’t " +"connect with them. You’re too preoccupied with the task of impressing them.</" +"quote> Not everyone is suited to live life as an open book like Palmer, and " +"that’s OK. There are a lot of ways to be human. The trick is just avoiding " +"pretense and the temptation to artificially craft an image. People don’t " +"just want the glossy version of you. They can’t relate to it, at least not " +"in a meaningful way." msgstr "" "En kritisk komponent for å gjøre dette effektivt er å ikke bekymre seg om å " "være en «merkevare». Det betyr å ikke å være redd for å være sårbar. Amanda " @@ -5235,21 +5784,31 @@ msgstr "" "meningsfull måte." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2708 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2725 msgid "Kramer, Shareology, 76." msgstr "Kramer, Shareology, 76." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2700 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2717 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "This advice is probably even more important for businesses and " +#| "organizations because we instinctively conceive of them as nonhuman " +#| "(though in the United States, corporations are people!). When " +#| "corporations and organizations make the people behind them more apparent, " +#| "it reminds people that they are dealing with something other than an " +#| "anonymous corporate entity. In business-speak, this is about “humanizing " +#| "your interactions” with the public.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" +#| "\"0\"/> But it can’t be a gimmick. You can’t fake being human." msgid "" "This advice is probably even more important for businesses and organizations " "because we instinctively conceive of them as nonhuman (though in the United " "States, corporations are people!). When corporations and organizations make " "the people behind them more apparent, it reminds people that they are " "dealing with something other than an anonymous corporate entity. In business-" -"speak, this is about “humanizing your interactions” with the public." -"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> But it can’t be a gimmick. You " -"can’t fake being human." +"speak, this is about <quote>humanizing your interactions</quote> with the " +"public.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> But it can’t be a gimmick. " +"You can’t fake being human." msgstr "" "Dette rådet er sannsynligvis enda viktigere for bedrifter og organisasjoner " "fordi vi instinktivt tenker på dem som ikke menneskelige (men i USA, er " @@ -5261,32 +5820,44 @@ msgstr "" "forfalske det å være menneske." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2714 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2731 msgid "Be open and accountable" msgstr "Vær åpen og ansvarlig" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2723 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2740 msgid "Palmer, Art of Asking, 252." msgstr "Palmer, Art of Asking, 252." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2728 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2745 msgid "Whitehurst, Open Organization, 145." msgstr "Whitehurst, Open Organization, 145." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2716 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2733 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Transparency helps people understand who you are and why you do what you " +#| "do, but it also inspires trust. Max Temkin of Cards Against Humanity told " +#| "us, “One of the most surprising things you can do in capitalism is just " +#| "be honest with people.” That means sharing the good and the bad. As " +#| "Amanda Palmer wrote, “You can fix almost anything by authentically " +#| "communicating.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> It isn’t about " +#| "trying to satisfy everyone or trying to sugarcoat mistakes or bad news, " +#| "but instead about explaining your rationale and then being prepared to " +#| "defend it when people are critical.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" +#| "\"1\"/>" msgid "" "Transparency helps people understand who you are and why you do what you do, " "but it also inspires trust. Max Temkin of Cards Against Humanity told us, " -"“One of the most surprising things you can do in capitalism is just be " -"honest with people.” That means sharing the good and the bad. As Amanda " -"Palmer wrote, “You can fix almost anything by authentically " -"communicating.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> It isn’t about " -"trying to satisfy everyone or trying to sugarcoat mistakes or bad news, but " -"instead about explaining your rationale and then being prepared to defend it " -"when people are critical.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" +"<quote>One of the most surprising things you can do in capitalism is just be " +"honest with people.</quote> That means sharing the good and the bad. As " +"Amanda Palmer wrote, <quote>You can fix almost anything by authentically " +"communicating.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> It isn’t " +"about trying to satisfy everyone or trying to sugarcoat mistakes or bad " +"news, but instead about explaining your rationale and then being prepared to " +"defend it when people are critical.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" msgstr "" "Åpenhet hjelper folk å forstå hvem du er og hvorfor du gjør det du gjør, men " "det inspirerer også til tillit. Som Max Temkin i Cards Against Humanity " @@ -5300,17 +5871,17 @@ msgstr "" "\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2737 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2754 msgid "Surowiecki, Wisdom of Crowds, 203." msgstr "Surowiecki, Wisdom of Crowds, 203." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2744 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2761 msgid "Whitehurst, Open Organization, 80." msgstr "Whitehurst, Open Organization, 80." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2732 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2749 msgid "" "Being accountable does not mean operating on consensus. According to James " "Surowiecki, consensus-driven groups tend to resort to lowest-common-" @@ -5339,22 +5910,38 @@ msgstr "" "måte å få folk involvert og investert i det du gjør." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2752 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2769 msgid "Design for the good actors" msgstr "Design for de gode aktører" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2756 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2773 msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 25." msgstr "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 25." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2761 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2778 msgid "Ibid., 31." msgstr "Ibid., 31." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2754 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2771 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Traditional economics assumes people make decisions based solely on their " +#| "own economic self-interest.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Any " +#| "relatively introspective human knows this is a fiction—we are much more " +#| "complicated beings with a whole range of needs, emotions, and " +#| "motivations. In fact, we are hardwired to work together and ensure " +#| "fairness.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> Being Made with " +#| "Creative Commons requires an assumption that people will largely act on " +#| "those social motivations, motivations that would be considered " +#| "“irrational” in an economic sense. As Knowledge Unlatched’s Pinter told " +#| "us, “It is best to ignore people who try to scare you about free riding. " +#| "That fear is based on a very shallow view of what motivates human " +#| "behavior.” There will always be people who will act in purely selfish " +#| "ways, but endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons design for the " +#| "good actors." msgid "" "Traditional economics assumes people make decisions based solely on their " "own economic self-interest.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Any " @@ -5363,12 +5950,12 @@ msgid "" "In fact, we are hardwired to work together and ensure fairness.<placeholder " "type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> Being Made with Creative Commons requires an " "assumption that people will largely act on those social motivations, " -"motivations that would be considered “irrational” in an economic sense. As " -"Knowledge Unlatched’s Pinter told us, “It is best to ignore people who try " -"to scare you about free riding. That fear is based on a very shallow view of " -"what motivates human behavior.” There will always be people who will act in " -"purely selfish ways, but endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons " -"design for the good actors." +"motivations that would be considered <quote>irrational</quote> in an " +"economic sense. As Knowledge Unlatched’s Pinter told us, <quote>It is best " +"to ignore people who try to scare you about free riding. That fear is based " +"on a very shallow view of what motivates human behavior.</quote> There will " +"always be people who will act in purely selfish ways, but endeavors that are " +"Made with Creative Commons design for the good actors." msgstr "" "Tradisjonell økonomi forutsetter at folk tar avgjørelser basert utelukkende " "ut fra sin økonomiske egeninteresse.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/" @@ -5386,21 +5973,31 @@ msgstr "" "er for de gode aktørene." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2779 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2797 msgid "Shirky, Cognitive Surplus, 112." msgstr "Shirky, Cognitive Surplus, 112." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2773 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2791 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "The assumption that people will largely do the right thing can be a self-" +#| "fulfilling prophecy. Shirky wrote in Cognitive Surplus, “Systems that " +#| "assume people will act in ways that create public goods, and that give " +#| "them opportunities and rewards for doing so, often let them work together " +#| "better than neoclassical economics would predict.”<placeholder type=" +#| "\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> When we acknowledge that people are often " +#| "motivated by something other than financial self-interest, we design our " +#| "endeavors in ways that encourage and accentuate our social instincts." msgid "" "The assumption that people will largely do the right thing can be a self-" -"fulfilling prophecy. Shirky wrote in Cognitive Surplus, “Systems that assume " -"people will act in ways that create public goods, and that give them " +"fulfilling prophecy. Shirky wrote in Cognitive Surplus, <quote>Systems that " +"assume people will act in ways that create public goods, and that give them " "opportunities and rewards for doing so, often let them work together better " -"than neoclassical economics would predict.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" -"\"0\"/> When we acknowledge that people are often motivated by something " -"other than financial self-interest, we design our endeavors in ways that " -"encourage and accentuate our social instincts." +"than neoclassical economics would predict.</quote><placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> When we acknowledge that people are often motivated " +"by something other than financial self-interest, we design our endeavors in " +"ways that encourage and accentuate our social instincts." msgstr "" "Antagelsen om at folk i stor grad vil gjøre det rette, kan være en " "selvoppfyllende profeti. Shirky skrev i Cognitive Surplus: «Systemer som " @@ -5412,22 +6009,33 @@ msgstr "" "stimulerer og fremhever våre sosiale instinkter." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2796 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2815 msgid "Surowiecki, Wisdom of Crowds, 124." msgstr "Surowiecki, Wisdom of Crowds, 124." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2786 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2804 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Rather than trying to exert control over people’s behavior, this mode of " +#| "operating requires a certain level of trust. We might not realize it, but " +#| "our daily lives are already built on trust. As Surowiecki wrote in The " +#| "Wisdom of Crowds, “It’s impossible for a society to rely on law alone to " +#| "make sure citizens act honestly and responsibly. And it’s impossible for " +#| "any organization to rely on contracts alone to make sure that its " +#| "managers and workers live up to their obligation.” Instead, we largely " +#| "trust that people—mostly strangers—will do what they are supposed to do." +#| "<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> And most often, they do." msgid "" "Rather than trying to exert control over people’s behavior, this mode of " "operating requires a certain level of trust. We might not realize it, but " "our daily lives are already built on trust. As Surowiecki wrote in The " -"Wisdom of Crowds, “It’s impossible for a society to rely on law alone to " -"make sure citizens act honestly and responsibly. And it’s impossible for any " -"organization to rely on contracts alone to make sure that its managers and " -"workers live up to their obligation.” Instead, we largely trust that people—" -"mostly strangers—will do what they are supposed to do.<placeholder type=" -"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> And most often, they do." +"Wisdom of Crowds, <quote>It’s impossible for a society to rely on law alone " +"to make sure citizens act honestly and responsibly. And it’s impossible for " +"any organization to rely on contracts alone to make sure that its managers " +"and workers live up to their obligation.</quote> Instead, we largely trust " +"that people—mostly strangers—will do what they are supposed to do." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> And most often, they do." msgstr "" "Snarere enn å prøve å utøve kontroll over menneskers atferd, krever denne " "arbeidsmåten en viss grad av tillit. Vi innser det kanskje, men våre daglige " @@ -5440,32 +6048,43 @@ msgstr "" "type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Som oftest gjør de det." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2801 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2820 msgid "Treat humans like, well, humans" msgstr "Å behandle mennesker som, vel, mennesker" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2806 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2825 msgid "Kleon, Show Your Work, 127." msgstr "Kleon, Show Your Work, 127." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2814 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2833 msgid "Palmer, Art of Asking, 121." msgstr "Palmer, Art of Asking, 121." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2803 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2822 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "For creators, treating people as humans means not treating them like " +#| "fans. As Kleon says, “If you want fans, you have to be a fan " +#| "first.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Even if you happen to be " +#| "one of the few to reach celebrity levels of fame, you are better off " +#| "remembering that the people who follow your work are human, too. Cory " +#| "Doctorow makes a point to answer every single email someone sends him. " +#| "Amanda Palmer spends vast quantities of time going online to communicate " +#| "with her public, making a point to listen just as much as she talks." +#| "<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" msgid "" "For creators, treating people as humans means not treating them like fans. " -"As Kleon says, “If you want fans, you have to be a fan first.”<placeholder " -"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Even if you happen to be one of the few to " -"reach celebrity levels of fame, you are better off remembering that the " -"people who follow your work are human, too. Cory Doctorow makes a point to " -"answer every single email someone sends him. Amanda Palmer spends vast " -"quantities of time going online to communicate with her public, making a " -"point to listen just as much as she talks.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" -"\"1\"/>" +"As Kleon says, <quote>If you want fans, you have to be a fan first.</" +"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Even if you happen to be one " +"of the few to reach celebrity levels of fame, you are better off remembering " +"that the people who follow your work are human, too. Cory Doctorow makes a " +"point to answer every single email someone sends him. Amanda Palmer spends " +"vast quantities of time going online to communicate with her public, making " +"a point to listen just as much as she talks.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " +"id=\"1\"/>" msgstr "" "For innholdsleverandører betyr å behandle folk som mennesker ikke å behandle " "dem som fans. Som Kleon sier, «Hvis du vil ha fans, må du først være en fan«." @@ -5478,7 +6097,7 @@ msgstr "" "\"1\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2818 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2837 msgid "" "The same idea goes for businesses and organizations. Rather than automating " "its customer service, the music platform Tribe of Noise makes a point to " @@ -5490,17 +6109,17 @@ msgstr "" "med brukere." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2829 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2848 msgid "Ariely, Predictably Irrational, 87." msgstr "Ariely, Predictably Irrational, 87." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2839 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2858 msgid "Ibid., 105." msgstr "Ibid., 105." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2824 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2843 msgid "" "When we treat people like humans, they typically return the gift in kind. " "It’s called karma. But social relationships are fragile. It is all too easy " @@ -5527,12 +6146,12 @@ msgstr "" "dramatisk endre dynamikken.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2844 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2863 msgid "State your principles and stick to them" msgstr "Legg frem dine prinsipper og hold deg til dem" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2846 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2865 msgid "" "Being Made with Creative Commons makes a statement about who you are and " "what you do. The symbolism is powerful. Using Creative Commons licenses " @@ -5553,7 +6172,7 @@ msgstr "" "separate sosiale oppgave. Ofte begge." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2858 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2877 msgid "" "The expression of your values doesn’t have to be implicit. In fact, many of " "the people we interviewed talked about how important it is to state your " @@ -5574,12 +6193,12 @@ msgstr "" "arbeider." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2873 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2892 msgid "Ibid., 36." msgstr "Ibid., 36." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2869 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2888 msgid "" "When your end goal is not about making a profit, people trust that you " "aren’t just trying to extract value for your own gain. People notice when " @@ -5594,12 +6213,12 @@ msgstr "" "bygger tillit." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2879 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2898 msgid "Build a community" msgstr "Å bygge et fellesskap" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2887 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2906 msgid "" "Jono Bacon, The Art of Community, 2nd ed. (Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, " "2012), 36." @@ -5608,7 +6227,7 @@ msgstr "" "2012), 36." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2881 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2900 msgid "" "Endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons thrive when community is built " "around what they do. This may mean a community collaborating together to " @@ -5629,29 +6248,43 @@ msgstr "" "symboliseres ved å bruke CC." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2903 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2922 msgid "Palmer, Art of Asking, 98." msgstr "Palmer, Art of Asking, 98." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2910 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2929 msgid "Whitehurst, Open Organization, 34." msgstr "Whitehurst, Open Organization, 34." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2895 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2914 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "To be sustainable, though, you have to work to nurture community. People " +#| "have to care—about you and each other. One critical piece to this is " +#| "fostering a sense of belonging. As Jono Bacon writes in The Art of " +#| "Community, “If there is no belonging, there is no community.” For Amanda " +#| "Palmer and her band, that meant creating an accepting and inclusive " +#| "environment where people felt a part of their “weird little " +#| "family.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> For organizations like " +#| "Red Hat, that means connecting around common beliefs or goals. As the CEO " +#| "Jim Whitehurst wrote in The Open Organization, “Tapping into passion is " +#| "especially important in building the kinds of participative communities " +#| "that drive open organizations.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" msgid "" "To be sustainable, though, you have to work to nurture community. People " "have to care—about you and each other. One critical piece to this is " "fostering a sense of belonging. As Jono Bacon writes in The Art of " -"Community, “If there is no belonging, there is no community.” For Amanda " -"Palmer and her band, that meant creating an accepting and inclusive " -"environment where people felt a part of their “weird little " -"family.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> For organizations like Red " -"Hat, that means connecting around common beliefs or goals. As the CEO Jim " -"Whitehurst wrote in The Open Organization, “Tapping into passion is " -"especially important in building the kinds of participative communities that " -"drive open organizations.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" +"Community, <quote>If there is no belonging, there is no community.</quote> " +"For Amanda Palmer and her band, that meant creating an accepting and " +"inclusive environment where people felt a part of their <quote>weird little " +"family.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> For organizations " +"like Red Hat, that means connecting around common beliefs or goals. As the " +"CEO Jim Whitehurst wrote in The Open Organization, <quote>Tapping into " +"passion is especially important in building the kinds of participative " +"communities that drive open organizations.</quote><placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" msgstr "" "For å være bærekraftig må du jobbe hardt for å livnære allmenneiet. Folk må " "bry seg – om deg og hverandre. Én kritisk brikke i dette er å få frem " @@ -5666,29 +6299,43 @@ msgstr "" "som driver åpne organisasjoner».<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2922 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2941 msgid "Surowiecki, Wisdom of Crowds, 200." msgstr "Surowiecki, Wisdom of Crowds, 200." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2926 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2945 msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 29." msgstr "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 29." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2914 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2933 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Communities that collaborate together take deliberate planning. " +#| "Surowiecki wrote, “It takes a lot of work to put the group together. It’s " +#| "difficult to ensure that people are working in the group’s interest and " +#| "not in their own. And when there’s a lack of trust between the members of " +#| "the group (which isn’t surprising given that they don’t really know each " +#| "other), considerable energy is wasted trying to determine each other’s " +#| "bona fides.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Building true " +#| "community requires giving people within the community the power to create " +#| "or influence the rules that govern the community.<placeholder type=" +#| "\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> If the rules are created and imposed in a top-" +#| "down manner, people feel like they don’t have a voice, which in turn " +#| "leads to disengagement." msgid "" "Communities that collaborate together take deliberate planning. Surowiecki " -"wrote, “It takes a lot of work to put the group together. It’s difficult to " -"ensure that people are working in the group’s interest and not in their own. " -"And when there’s a lack of trust between the members of the group (which " -"isn’t surprising given that they don’t really know each other), considerable " -"energy is wasted trying to determine each other’s bona fides.”<placeholder " -"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Building true community requires giving people " -"within the community the power to create or influence the rules that govern " -"the community.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> If the rules are " -"created and imposed in a top-down manner, people feel like they don’t have a " -"voice, which in turn leads to disengagement." +"wrote, <quote>It takes a lot of work to put the group together. It’s " +"difficult to ensure that people are working in the group’s interest and not " +"in their own. And when there’s a lack of trust between the members of the " +"group (which isn’t surprising given that they don’t really know each other), " +"considerable energy is wasted trying to determine each other’s bona fides.</" +"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Building true community " +"requires giving people within the community the power to create or influence " +"the rules that govern the community.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/" +"> If the rules are created and imposed in a top-down manner, people feel " +"like they don’t have a voice, which in turn leads to disengagement." msgstr "" "Allmenneier som samarbeider planlegger bevisst. Surowiecki skrev: «Det " "krever mye arbeid å få satt sammen gruppen. Det er vanskelig å sikre at folk " @@ -5703,7 +6350,7 @@ msgstr "" "tilbaketrekning." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2932 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2951 msgid "" "Community takes work, but working together, or even simply being connected " "around common interests or values, is in many ways what sharing is about." @@ -5713,23 +6360,30 @@ msgstr "" "deling betyr." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2938 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2957 msgid "Give more to the commons than you take" msgstr "Gi mer til fellesskapet enn du tar" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2949 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2968 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Giana Eckhardt and Fleura Bardhi, “The Sharing Economy Isn’t about " +#| "Sharing at All,” Harvard Business Review (website), January 28, 2015, " +#| "<ulink url=\"http://hbr.org/2015/01/the-sharing-economy-isnt-about-" +#| "sharing-at-all\"/>." msgid "" -"Giana Eckhardt and Fleura Bardhi, “The Sharing Economy Isn’t about Sharing " -"at All,” Harvard Business Review (website), January 28, 2015, <ulink url=" -"\"http://hbr.org/2015/01/the-sharing-economy-isnt-about-sharing-at-all\"/>." +"Giana Eckhardt and Fleura Bardhi, <quote>The Sharing Economy Isn’t about " +"Sharing at All,</quote> Harvard Business Review (website), January 28, 2015, " +"<ulink url=\"http://hbr.org/2015/01/the-sharing-economy-isnt-about-sharing-" +"at-all\"/>." msgstr "" "Giana Eckhardt og Fleura Bardhi, “The Sharing Economy Isn’t about Sharing at " "All,” Harvard Business Review (website), 28. januar 2015, <ulink url=" "\"http://hbr.org/2015/01/the-sharing-economy-isnt-about-sharing-at-all\"/>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2957 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2976 msgid "" "Lisa Gansky, The Mesh: Why the Future of Business Is Sharing, reprint with " "new epilogue (New York: Portfolio, 2012)." @@ -5738,18 +6392,32 @@ msgstr "" "ny epolog (New York: Portfolio, 2012)." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2940 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2959 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Conventional wisdom in the marketplace dictates that people should try to " +#| "extract as much money as possible from resources. This is essentially " +#| "what defines so much of the so-called sharing economy. In an article on " +#| "the Harvard Business Review website called “The Sharing Economy Isn’t " +#| "about Sharing at All,” authors Giana Eckhardt and Fleura Bardhi explained " +#| "how the anonymous market-driven trans-actions in most sharing-economy " +#| "businesses are purely about monetizing access.<placeholder type=\"footnote" +#| "\" id=\"0\"/> As Lisa Gansky put it in her book The Mesh, the primary " +#| "strategy of the sharing economy is to sell the same product multiple " +#| "times, by selling access rather than ownership.<placeholder type=" +#| "\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> That is not sharing." msgid "" "Conventional wisdom in the marketplace dictates that people should try to " "extract as much money as possible from resources. This is essentially what " "defines so much of the so-called sharing economy. In an article on the " -"Harvard Business Review website called “The Sharing Economy Isn’t about " -"Sharing at All,” authors Giana Eckhardt and Fleura Bardhi explained how the " -"anonymous market-driven trans-actions in most sharing-economy businesses are " -"purely about monetizing access.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> As " -"Lisa Gansky put it in her book The Mesh, the primary strategy of the sharing " -"economy is to sell the same product multiple times, by selling access rather " -"than ownership.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> That is not sharing." +"Harvard Business Review website called <quote>The Sharing Economy Isn’t " +"about Sharing at All,</quote> authors Giana Eckhardt and Fleura Bardhi " +"explained how the anonymous market-driven trans-actions in most sharing-" +"economy businesses are purely about monetizing access.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> As Lisa Gansky put it in her book The Mesh, the " +"primary strategy of the sharing economy is to sell the same product multiple " +"times, by selling access rather than ownership.<placeholder type=\"footnote" +"\" id=\"1\"/> That is not sharing." msgstr "" "Tradisjonell markedsvisdom tilsier at folk bør prøve å trekke ut så mye " "penger som mulig fra ressursene. Dette er egentlig hva som definerer mye av " @@ -5763,18 +6431,23 @@ msgstr "" "stedet for eie.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> Det er ikke deling." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2973 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2992 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "David Lee, “Inside Medium: An Attempt to Bring Civility to the Internet,” " +#| "BBC News, March 3, 2016, <ulink url=\"http://www.bbc.com/news/" +#| "technology-35709680\"/>." msgid "" -"David Lee, “Inside Medium: An Attempt to Bring Civility to the Internet,” " -"BBC News, March 3, 2016, <ulink url=\"http://www.bbc.com/news/" -"technology-35709680\"/>." +"David Lee, <quote>Inside Medium: An Attempt to Bring Civility to the " +"Internet,</quote> BBC News, March 3, 2016, <ulink url=\"http://www.bbc.com/" +"news/technology-35709680\"/>." msgstr "" "David Lee, “Inside Medium: An Attempt to Bring Civility to the Internet,” " "BBC News, 3. mars 2016, <ulink url=\"http://www.bbc.com/news/" "technology-35709680\"/>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2963 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2982 msgid "" "Sharing requires adding as much or more value to the ecosystem than you " "take. You can’t simply treat open content as a free pool of resources from " @@ -5801,7 +6474,7 @@ msgstr "" "organisere og effektivt vise arbeidet deres på sin plattform." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2982 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3001 msgid "" "In all cases, it is important to openly acknowledge the amount of value you " "add versus that which you draw on that was created by others. Being " @@ -5820,28 +6493,28 @@ msgstr "" "du leverer." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2993 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3012 msgid "Involve people in what you do" msgstr "Involver folk i det du gjør" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2998 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3017 msgid "Anderson, Makers, 148." msgstr "Anderson, Makers, 148." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3002 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3021 msgid "Shirky, Cognitive Surplus, 164." msgstr "Shirky, Cognitive Surplus, 164." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3009 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3073 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3028 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3092 msgid "Whitehurst, foreword to Open Organization." msgstr "Whitehurst, forord til Open Organization." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2995 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3014 msgid "" "Thanks to the Internet, we can tap into the talents and expertise of people " "around the globe. Chris Anderson calls it the Long Tail of talent." @@ -5867,12 +6540,12 @@ msgstr "" "<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"2\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3022 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3041 msgid "Shirky, Cognitive Surplus, 144." msgstr "Shirky, Cognitive Surplus, 144." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3013 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3032 msgid "" "As the success of Wikipedia demonstrates, editing an online encyclopedia is " "exactly the sort of activity that is perfect for massive co-creation because " @@ -5891,25 +6564,44 @@ msgstr "" "bidra, når det ikke vises at deres innsats utgjør noen særlig forskjell." "<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" -#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3034 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><quote><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3053 msgid "Ibid., 154." msgstr "Ibid., 154." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3046 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3065 msgid "Palmer, Art of Asking, 163." msgstr "Palmer, Art of Asking, 163." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3026 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3045 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "It is easy to romanticize the opportunities for global cocreation made " +#| "possible by the Internet, and, indeed, the successful examples of it are " +#| "truly incredible and inspiring. But in a wide range of circumstances—" +#| "perhaps more often than not—community cocreation is not part of the " +#| "equation, even within endeavors built on CC content. Shirky wrote, " +#| "“Sometimes the value of professional work trumps the value of amateur " +#| "sharing or a feeling of belonging.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/" +#| "> The textbook publisher OpenStax, which distributes all of its material " +#| "for free under CC licensing, is an example of this dynamic. Rather than " +#| "tapping the community to help cocreate their college textbooks, they " +#| "invest a significant amount of time and money to develop professional " +#| "content. For individual creators, where the creative work is the basis " +#| "for what they do, community cocreation is only rarely a part of the " +#| "picture. Even musician Amanda Palmer, who is famous for her openness and " +#| "involvement with her fans, said, “The only department where I wasn’t open " +#| "to input was the writing, the music itself.”<placeholder type=\"footnote" +#| "\" id=\"1\"/>" msgid "" "It is easy to romanticize the opportunities for global cocreation made " "possible by the Internet, and, indeed, the successful examples of it are " "truly incredible and inspiring. But in a wide range of circumstances—" "perhaps more often than not—community cocreation is not part of the " "equation, even within endeavors built on CC content. Shirky wrote, " -"“Sometimes the value of professional work trumps the value of amateur " +"<quote>Sometimes the value of professional work trumps the value of amateur " "sharing or a feeling of belonging.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> " "The textbook publisher OpenStax, which distributes all of its material for " "free under CC licensing, is an example of this dynamic. Rather than tapping " @@ -5919,7 +6611,7 @@ msgid "" "community cocreation is only rarely a part of the picture. Even musician " "Amanda Palmer, who is famous for her openness and involvement with her fans, " "said, “The only department where I wasn’t open to input was the writing, the " -"music itself.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" +"music itself.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" msgstr "" "Det er lett å romantisere mulighetene for en global samlet innsats gjort " "mulig gjennom Internett, og faktisk, de vellykkede eksemplene på det er " @@ -5939,12 +6631,12 @@ msgstr "" "type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3057 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3076 msgid "Anderson, Makers, 173." msgstr "Anderson, Makers, 173." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3064 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3083 msgid "" "Tom Kelley and David Kelley, Creative Confidence: Unleashing the Potential " "within Us All (New York: Crown, 2013), 82." @@ -5953,18 +6645,32 @@ msgstr "" "within Us All (New York: Crown, 2013), 82." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3050 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3069 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "While we tend to immediately think of cocreation and remixing when we " +#| "hear the word collaboration, you can also involve others in your creative " +#| "process in more informal ways, by sharing half-baked ideas and early " +#| "drafts, and interacting with the public to incubate ideas and get " +#| "feedback. So-called “making in public” opens the door to letting people " +#| "feel more invested in your creative work.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " +#| "id=\"0\"/> And it shows a nonterritorial approach to ideas and " +#| "information. Stephen Covey (of The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People " +#| "fame) calls this the abundance mentality—treating ideas like something " +#| "plentiful—and it can create an environment where collaboration flourishes." +#| "<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" msgid "" "While we tend to immediately think of cocreation and remixing when we hear " "the word collaboration, you can also involve others in your creative process " "in more informal ways, by sharing half-baked ideas and early drafts, and " "interacting with the public to incubate ideas and get feedback. So-called " -"“making in public” opens the door to letting people feel more invested in " -"your creative work.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> And it shows a " -"nonterritorial approach to ideas and information. Stephen Covey (of The 7 " -"Habits of Highly Effective People fame) calls this the abundance mentality—" -"treating ideas like something plentiful—and it can create an environment " -"where collaboration flourishes.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" +"<quote>making in public</quote> opens the door to letting people feel more " +"invested in your creative work.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> And " +"it shows a nonterritorial approach to ideas and information. Stephen Covey " +"(of The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People fame) calls this the abundance " +"mentality—treating ideas like something plentiful—and it can create an " +"environment where collaboration flourishes.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" +"\"1\"/>" msgstr "" "Mens tankene umiddelbart rettes mot samlet innsats og remiksing når vi hører " "ordet samarbeid, kan du også involvere andre i kreative prosesser på mer " @@ -5978,7 +6684,7 @@ msgstr "" "miljø der samarbeid blomstrer.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3081 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3100 msgid "" "Rachel Botsman and Roo Rogers, What’s Mine Is Yours: The Rise of " "Collaborative Consumption (New York: Harper Business, 2010), 188." @@ -5987,7 +6693,7 @@ msgstr "" "Collaborative Consumption (New York: Harper Business, 2010), 188." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3070 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3089 msgid "" "There is no one way to involve people in what you do. They key is finding a " "way for people to contribute on their terms, compelled by their own " @@ -6010,12 +6716,12 @@ msgstr "" "\"1\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3090 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3109 msgid "The Creative Commons Licenses" msgstr "Creative Commons-lisensene" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3092 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3111 msgid "" "All of the Creative Commons licenses grant a basic set of permissions. At a " "minimum, a CC- licensed work can be copied and shared in its original form " @@ -6041,17 +6747,31 @@ msgstr "" "patenter eller varemerker." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3106 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3125 msgid "Here are the six licenses:" msgstr "Her er de seks lisensene:" -#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><informalfigure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3111 +#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3130 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001930000008D83BF99FC0821C489.png" msgstr "Pictures/10000201000001930000008D83BF99FC0821C489.png" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3119 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3128 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3142 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3158 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3170 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3183 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3196 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3216 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3228 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "<placeholder type=\"mediaobject\" id=\"0\"/>" +msgid "<placeholder type=\"inlinemediaobject\" id=\"0\"/>" +msgstr "<placeholder type=\"mediaobject\" id=\"0\"/>" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3135 msgid "" "The Attribution license (CC BY) lets others distribute, remix, tweak, and " "build upon your work, even commercially, as long as they credit you for the " @@ -6063,20 +6783,28 @@ msgstr "" "for det opprinnelige arbeidet. Dette er den mest imøtekommende lisensen som " "tilbys. Anbefalt for maksimal spredning og bruk av lisensiert materiale." -#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><informalfigure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3128 +#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3144 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001930000008DFD3592CB17C4EC38.png" msgstr "Pictures/10000201000001930000008DFD3592CB17C4EC38.png" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3136 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3149 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "The Attribution-Share-Alike license (CC BY-SA) lets others remix, tweak, " +#| "and build upon your work, even for commercial purposes, as long as they " +#| "credit you and license their new creations under identical terms. This " +#| "license is often compared to “copyleft” free and open source software " +#| "licenses. All new works based on yours will carry the same license, so " +#| "any derivatives will also allow commercial use." msgid "" "The Attribution-Share-Alike license (CC BY-SA) lets others remix, tweak, and " "build upon your work, even for commercial purposes, as long as they credit " "you and license their new creations under identical terms. This license is " -"often compared to “copyleft” free and open source software licenses. All new " -"works based on yours will carry the same license, so any derivatives will " -"also allow commercial use." +"often compared to <quote>copyleft</quote> free and open source software " +"licenses. All new works based on yours will carry the same license, so any " +"derivatives will also allow commercial use." msgstr "" "Med Attribution-Share-Alike-lisensen (CC BY-SA) kan andre mikse sammen på " "nytt, finjustere og bygge videre på ditt arbeid, selv til kommersielle " @@ -6085,13 +6813,13 @@ msgstr "" "fri programvare-lisenser. Alle nye arbeider basert på ditt skal ha samme " "lisens, så alle avledede verk skal også tillate kommersielt bruk." -#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><informalfigure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3147 +#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3160 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001930000008D254882DE24793FEA.png" msgstr "Pictures/10000201000001930000008D254882DE24793FEA.png" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3155 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3165 msgid "" "The Attribution-NoDerivs license (CC BY-ND) allows for redistribution, " "commercial and noncommercial, as long as it is passed along unchanged with " @@ -6101,13 +6829,13 @@ msgstr "" "kommersielt og ikke-kommersielt, så lenge arbeidet leveres videre uendret og " "kreditert deg." -#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><informalfigure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3162 +#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3172 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001930000008DCAF78FB61D1CBDA6.png" msgstr "Pictures/10000201000001930000008DCAF78FB61D1CBDA6.png" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3170 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3177 msgid "" "The Attribution-NonCommercial license (CC BY-NC) lets others remix, tweak, " "and build upon your work noncommercially. Although their new works must also " @@ -6119,13 +6847,13 @@ msgstr "" "også må anerkjenne deg, trenger de ikke å lisensiere sine avledede arbeider " "på samme vilkår." -#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><informalfigure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3178 +#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3185 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001930000008D16DA603376395620.png" msgstr "Pictures/10000201000001930000008D16DA603376395620.png" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3186 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3190 msgid "" "The Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license (CC BY-NC-SA) lets others " "remix, tweak, and build upon your work noncommercially, as long as they " @@ -6135,13 +6863,13 @@ msgstr "" "remikse, finjustere og bygge på arbeidet ditt ikke-kommersielt, så lenge de " "krediterer deg, og lisensierer sine nye arbeider på samme vilkår." -#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><informalfigure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3194 +#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3198 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001930000008DC3FEF92B21310965.png" msgstr "Pictures/10000201000001930000008DC3FEF92B21310965.png" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3202 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3203 msgid "" "The Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs license (CC BY-NC-ND) is the most " "restrictive of our six main licenses, only allowing others to download your " @@ -6154,7 +6882,7 @@ msgstr "" "ikke endre dem eller bruke dem kommersielt." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3209 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3210 msgid "" "In addition to these six licenses, Creative Commons has two public-domain " "tools—one for creators and the other for those who manage collections of " @@ -6165,28 +6893,32 @@ msgstr "" "samlinger av eksisterende arbeider der opphavsrettighetene til bidragsyterne " "har utløpt:" -#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><informalfigure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3217 +#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3218 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001900000008DBE3414994CD27786.png" msgstr "Pictures/10000201000001900000008DBE3414994CD27786.png" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3225 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3223 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "CC0 enables authors and copyright owners to dedicate their works to the " +#| "worldwide public domain (“no rights reserved”)." msgid "" "CC0 enables authors and copyright owners to dedicate their works to the " -"worldwide public domain (“no rights reserved”)." +"worldwide public domain (<quote>no rights reserved</quote>)." msgstr "" "CC0 gjør det mulig for innholdsleverandører og rettighetshavere å tilegne " "sine arbeider til det verdensomspennende offentlige domenet («ingen " "rettigheter reservert»)." -#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><informalfigure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3231 +#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3230 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001900000008D36DCD649C5B1411F.png" msgstr "Pictures/10000201000001900000008D36DCD649C5B1411F.png" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3239 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3235 msgid "" "The Creative Commons Public Domain Mark facilitates the labeling and " "discovery of works that are already free of known copyright restrictions." @@ -6195,7 +6927,7 @@ msgstr "" "som allerede er fri for kjente opphavsrettsrestriksjoner." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3244 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3240 msgid "" "In our case studies, some use just one Creative Commons license, others use " "several. Attribution (found in thirteen case studies) and Attribution-" @@ -6216,7 +6948,7 @@ msgstr "" "forsterker de sitt engasjement og forpliktelse til å dele." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3255 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3251 msgid "" "There is a popular misconception that the three NonCommercial licenses " "offered by CC are the only options for those who want to make money off " @@ -6242,7 +6974,7 @@ msgstr "" "verket ditt." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3269 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3265 msgid "" "The decision to choose a NonCommercial and/or NoDerivs license comes down to " "how much you need to retain control over the creative work. The " @@ -6269,7 +7001,7 @@ msgstr "" "plateselskap ville oppdage arbeidet deres." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3282 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3278 msgid "" "Other times the decision to use a more restrictive license is due to a " "concern about the integrity of the work. For example, the nonprofit " @@ -6282,7 +7014,7 @@ msgstr "" "medisinske emnet er særlig viktig å få riktig." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3289 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3285 msgid "" "There is no one right way. The NonCommercial and NoDerivs restrictions " "reflect the values and preferences of creators about how their creative work " @@ -6305,16 +7037,23 @@ msgstr "" "på tvers av alle domener." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3301 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3297 msgid "Note" msgstr "Merk" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3304 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3300 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "For more about the licenses including examples and tips on sharing your " +#| "work in the digital commons, start with the Creative Commons page called " +#| "“Share Your Work” at <ulink url=\"http://creativecommons.org/share-your-" +#| "work/\"/>." msgid "" "For more about the licenses including examples and tips on sharing your work " -"in the digital commons, start with the Creative Commons page called “Share " -"Your Work” at <ulink url=\"http://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/\"/>." +"in the digital commons, start with the Creative Commons page called " +"<quote>Share Your Work</quote> at <ulink url=\"http://creativecommons.org/" +"share-your-work/\"/>." msgstr "" "For mer om lisenser, inkludert eksempler og tips om deling av verkene dine i " "den digitale allmenningen, start med Creative Commons-siden med tittelen " @@ -6322,12 +7061,12 @@ msgstr "" "\"/>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3312 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3308 msgid "The Case Studies" msgstr "Referansestudiene" #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3315 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3311 msgid "" "The twenty-four case studies in this section were chosen from hundreds of " "nominations received from Kickstarter backers, Creative Commons staff, and " @@ -6346,7 +7085,7 @@ msgstr "" "ble valgt av oss." #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3325 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3321 msgid "" "We did background research and conducted interviews for each case study, " "based on the same set of basic questions about the endeavor. The idea for " @@ -6361,12 +7100,12 @@ msgstr "" "det ble fortalt oss på av dem vi intervjuet." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3333 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3329 msgid "Arduino" msgstr "Arduino" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3336 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3332 msgid "" "Arduino is a for-profit open-source electronics platform and computer " "hardware and software company. Founded in 2005 in Italy." @@ -6375,12 +7114,12 @@ msgstr "" "datautstyr og programvare. Grunnlagt i 2005 i Italia." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3341 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3337 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.arduino.cc\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://www.arduino.cc\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3343 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3339 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for physical " "copies (sales of boards, modules, shields, and kits), licensing a trademark " @@ -6392,14 +7131,14 @@ msgstr "" "deres navn)" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3348 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4189 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3344 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4195 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 4, 2016" msgstr "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Dato for intervju</emphasis>: 4. februar 2016" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3351 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3347 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: David Cuartielles and Tom " "Igoe, cofounders" @@ -6408,25 +7147,25 @@ msgstr "" "Igoe, medgrunnleggere" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3355 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4196 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4627 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4868 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5149 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5458 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5968 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6221 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6542 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6893 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7433 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7717 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8181 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8957 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3351 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4202 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4638 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4880 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5162 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5472 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5985 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6239 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6561 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6913 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7457 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7741 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8211 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8992 msgid "Profile written by Paul Stacey" msgstr "Profilen skrevet av Paul Stacey" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3359 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3355 msgid "" "In 2005, at the Interaction Design Institute Ivrea in northern Italy, " "teachers and students needed an easy way to use electronics and programming " @@ -6452,7 +7191,7 @@ msgstr "" "lisens (CC BY-SA), og programvare med GNU General Public License." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3373 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3369 msgid "" "Arduino boards are able to read inputs—light on a sensor, a finger on a " "button, or a Twitter message—and turn it into outputs—activating a motor, " @@ -6470,31 +7209,49 @@ msgstr "" "kunst)." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3383 -msgid "" -"“The reasons for making Arduino open source are complicated,” Tom says. " -"Partly it was about supporting flexibility. The open-source nature of " -"Arduino empowers users to modify it and create a lot of different " -"variations, adding on top of what the founders build. David says this " -"“ended up strengthening the platform far beyond what we had even thought of " -"building.”" +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3378 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "“The reasons for making Arduino open source are complicated,” Tom says. " +#| "Partly it was about supporting flexibility. The open-source nature of " +#| "Arduino empowers users to modify it and create a lot of different " +#| "variations, adding on top of what the founders build. David says this " +#| "“ended up strengthening the platform far beyond what we had even thought " +#| "of building.”" +msgid "" +"<quote>The reasons for making Arduino open source are complicated,</quote> " +"Tom says. Partly it was about supporting flexibility. The open-source nature " +"of Arduino empowers users to modify it and create a lot of different " +"variations, adding on top of what the founders build. David says this " +"<quote>ended up strengthening the platform far beyond what we had even " +"thought of building.</quote>" msgstr "" "«Grunnene for å lage Arduino som fri programvare er kompliserte», sier Tom. " "Delvis handlet det om å støtte fleksibilitet. Opplegget med åpen kildekode " "hos Arduino gir brukere rett til å endre og lage mange forskjellige " -"varianter, lagt på toppen av det grunnleggende bygget. David sier dette «" -"endte opp med å styrke plattformen langt utover det vi til og med hadde " +"varianter, lagt på toppen av det grunnleggende bygget. David sier dette " +"«endte opp med å styrke plattformen langt utover det vi til og med hadde " "tenkt å bygge»." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3391 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3387 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "For Tom another factor was the impending closure of the Ivrea design " +#| "school. He’d seen other organizations close their doors and all their " +#| "work and research just disappear. Open-sourcing ensured that Arduino " +#| "would outlive the Ivrea closure. Persistence is one thing Tom really " +#| "likes about open source. If key people leave, or a company shuts down, an " +#| "open-source product lives on. In Tom’s view, “Open sourcing makes it " +#| "easier to trust a product.”" msgid "" "For Tom another factor was the impending closure of the Ivrea design school. " "He’d seen other organizations close their doors and all their work and " "research just disappear. Open-sourcing ensured that Arduino would outlive " "the Ivrea closure. Persistence is one thing Tom really likes about open " "source. If key people leave, or a company shuts down, an open-source product " -"lives on. In Tom’s view, “Open sourcing makes it easier to trust a product.”" +"lives on. In Tom’s view, <quote>Open sourcing makes it easier to trust a " +"product.</quote>" msgstr "" "En annen faktor for Tom var den forestående nedleggelsen av Ivrea " "designskole. Han hadde sett andre organisasjoner lukke dørene, og at alt " @@ -6505,7 +7262,7 @@ msgstr "" "programvare gjør det enklere å stole på et produkt»." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3400 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3397 msgid "" "With the school closing, David and some of the other Arduino founders " "started a consulting firm and multidisciplinary design studio they called " @@ -6521,13 +7278,22 @@ msgstr "" "måter. Inntekter fra Tinker ble investert i å opprettholde og styrke Arduino." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3409 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3406 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "For Tom, part of Arduino’s success is because the founders made " +#| "themselves the first customer of their product. They made products they " +#| "themselves personally wanted. It was a matter of “I need this thing,” not " +#| "“If we make this, we’ll make a lot of money.” Tom notes that being your " +#| "own first customer makes you more confident and convincing at selling " +#| "your product." msgid "" "For Tom, part of Arduino’s success is because the founders made themselves " "the first customer of their product. They made products they themselves " -"personally wanted. It was a matter of “I need this thing,” not “If we make " -"this, we’ll make a lot of money.” Tom notes that being your own first " -"customer makes you more confident and convincing at selling your product." +"personally wanted. It was a matter of <quote>I need this thing,</quote> not " +"<quote>If we make this, we’ll make a lot of money.</quote> Tom notes that " +"being your own first customer makes you more confident and convincing at " +"selling your product." msgstr "" "For Tom er del av Arduinos suksess at grunnleggerne gjorde seg selv til den " "første kunden til produktet deres. De laget de produktene de selv personlig " @@ -6537,7 +7303,7 @@ msgstr "" "selges." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3417 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3414 msgid "" "Arduino’s business model has evolved over time—and Tom says model is a " "grandiose term for it. Originally, they just wanted to make a few boards and " @@ -6562,7 +7328,7 @@ msgstr "" "pris, vil folk kjøpe det." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3431 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3428 msgid "" "Arduino now has a worldwide community of makers—students, hobbyists, " "artists, programmers, and professionals. Arduino provides a wiki called " @@ -6590,7 +7356,7 @@ msgstr "" "tilgjengelig kunnskap til hjelp både for nybegynnere og eksperter." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3445 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3442 msgid "" "Transitioning Arduino from a project to a company was a big step. Other " "businesses who made boards were charging a lot of money for them. Arduino " @@ -6606,13 +7372,20 @@ msgstr "" "kunder, men som også var høy nok til å opprettholde virksomheten." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3453 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3450 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "For a business, getting to the end of the year and not being in the red " +#| "is a success. Arduino may have an open-licensing strategy, but they are " +#| "still a business, and all the things needed to successfully run one still " +#| "apply. David says, “If you do those other things well, sharing things in " +#| "an open-source way can only help you.”" msgid "" "For a business, getting to the end of the year and not being in the red is a " "success. Arduino may have an open-licensing strategy, but they are still a " "business, and all the things needed to successfully run one still apply. " -"David says, “If you do those other things well, sharing things in an open-" -"source way can only help you.”" +"David says, <quote>If you do those other things well, sharing things in an " +"open-source way can only help you.</quote>" msgstr "" "For en bedrift er det å ikke gå i minus ved slutten av året en suksess. " "Arduino kan ha en åpen lisensstrategi, men de er fortsatt en bedrift, og alt " @@ -6621,7 +7394,7 @@ msgstr "" "programvare gjør det bare hjelpe deg»." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3461 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3458 msgid "" "While openly licensing the designs, documentation, and software ensures " "longevity, it does have risks. There’s a possibility that others will create " @@ -6644,7 +7417,7 @@ msgstr "" "den nye versjonen er like fri og åpen." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3473 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3470 msgid "" "Tom and David say that a lot of people have built companies off of Arduino, " "with dozens of Arduino derivatives out there. But in contrast to closed " @@ -6665,12 +7438,12 @@ msgstr "" "bruker og innlemmer i nye produkter." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3493 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3490 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Products\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Products\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3484 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3481 msgid "" "Over time, the range of Arduino products has diversified, changing and " "adapting to new needs and challenges. In addition to simple entry level " @@ -6693,17 +7466,30 @@ msgstr "" "\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3496 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3493 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Arduino’s focus is on high-quality boards, well-designed support " +#| "materials, and the building of community; this focus is one of the keys " +#| "to their success. And being open lets you build a real community. David " +#| "says Arduino’s community is a big strength and something that really does " +#| "matter—in his words, “It’s good business.” When they started, the Arduino " +#| "team had almost entirely no idea how to build a community. They started " +#| "by conducting numerous workshops, working directly with people using the " +#| "platform to make sure the hardware and software worked the way it was " +#| "meant to work and solved people’s problems. The community grew " +#| "organically from there." msgid "" "Arduino’s focus is on high-quality boards, well-designed support materials, " "and the building of community; this focus is one of the keys to their " "success. And being open lets you build a real community. David says " "Arduino’s community is a big strength and something that really does matter—" -"in his words, “It’s good business.” When they started, the Arduino team had " -"almost entirely no idea how to build a community. They started by conducting " -"numerous workshops, working directly with people using the platform to make " -"sure the hardware and software worked the way it was meant to work and " -"solved people’s problems. The community grew organically from there." +"in his words, <quote>It’s good business.</quote> When they started, the " +"Arduino team had almost entirely no idea how to build a community. They " +"started by conducting numerous workshops, working directly with people using " +"the platform to make sure the hardware and software worked the way it was " +"meant to work and solved people’s problems. The community grew organically " +"from there." msgstr "" "Arduinos fokus er på høykvalitetskort, godt designet støttemateriell og " "bygging av dets fellesskap; Dette fokuset er én av nøklene til suksessen. " @@ -6716,7 +7502,7 @@ msgstr "" "folks problemer. Samfunnet vokste organisk derfra." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3509 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3506 msgid "" "A key decision for Arduino was trademarking the name. The founders needed a " "way to guarantee to people that they were buying a quality product from a " @@ -6739,7 +7525,7 @@ msgstr "" "lavkvalitetskopier." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3521 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3518 msgid "" "Current official manufacturers are Smart Projects in Italy, SparkFun in the " "United States, and Dog Hunter in Taiwan/China. These are the only " @@ -6757,7 +7543,7 @@ msgstr "" "varemerke-lisensiering ble Arduinos inntektsgenererende modell." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3531 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3528 msgid "" "How far to open things up wasn’t always something the founders perfectly " "agreed on. David, who was always one to advocate for opening things up more, " @@ -6774,12 +7560,26 @@ msgstr "" "merkevarebygging har vært et kritisk verktøy for Arduino." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3552 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3549 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://blog.arduino.cc/2013/07/10/send-in-the-clones/\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://blog.arduino.cc/2013/07/10/send-in-the-clones/\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3540 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3537 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "David encourages people and businesses to start by sharing everything as " +#| "a default strategy, and then think about whether there is anything that " +#| "really needs to be protected and why. There are lots of good reasons to " +#| "not open up certain elements. This strategy of sharing everything is " +#| "certainly the complete opposite of how today’s world operates, where " +#| "nothing is shared. Tom suggests a business formalize which elements are " +#| "based on open sharing and which are closed. An Arduino blog post from " +#| "2013 entitled “Send In the Clones,” by one of the founders Massimo Banzi, " +#| "does a great job of explaining the full complexities of how trademarking " +#| "their brand has played out, distinguishing between official boards and " +#| "those that are clones, derivatives, compatibles, and counterfeits." +#| "<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgid "" "David encourages people and businesses to start by sharing everything as a " "default strategy, and then think about whether there is anything that really " @@ -6787,12 +7587,12 @@ msgid "" "certain elements. This strategy of sharing everything is certainly the " "complete opposite of how today’s world operates, where nothing is shared. " "Tom suggests a business formalize which elements are based on open sharing " -"and which are closed. An Arduino blog post from 2013 entitled “Send In the " -"Clones,” by one of the founders Massimo Banzi, does a great job of " -"explaining the full complexities of how trademarking their brand has played " -"out, distinguishing between official boards and those that are clones, " -"derivatives, compatibles, and counterfeits.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" -"\"0\"/>" +"and which are closed. An Arduino blog post from 2013 entitled <quote>Send In " +"the Clones,</quote> by one of the founders Massimo Banzi, does a great job " +"of explaining the full complexities of how trademarking their brand has " +"played out, distinguishing between official boards and those that are " +"clones, derivatives, compatibles, and counterfeits.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" "David oppfordrer folk og bedrifter til å starte ved å dele alt som forvalgt " "strategi, og deretter tenke på om det er noe som virkelig trenger " @@ -6807,13 +7607,20 @@ msgstr "" "kompatible og forfalskninger.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3555 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3552 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "For David, an exciting aspect of Arduino is the way lots of people can " +#| "use it to adapt technology in many different ways. Technology is always " +#| "making more things possible but doesn’t always focus on making it easy to " +#| "use and adapt. This is where Arduino steps in. Arduino’s goal is “making " +#| "things that help other people make things.”" msgid "" "For David, an exciting aspect of Arduino is the way lots of people can use " "it to adapt technology in many different ways. Technology is always making " "more things possible but doesn’t always focus on making it easy to use and " -"adapt. This is where Arduino steps in. Arduino’s goal is “making things " -"that help other people make things.”" +"adapt. This is where Arduino steps in. Arduino’s goal is <quote>making " +"things that help other people make things.</quote>" msgstr "" "For David er en spennende del av Arduino hvordan bruken muliggjør tilpasning " "av teknologi på mange forskjellige måter for så mange. Teknologi åpner " @@ -6822,13 +7629,21 @@ msgstr "" "lage ting som hjelper andre mennesker å lage ting»." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3563 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3560 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Arduino has been hugely successful in making technology and electronics " +#| "reach a larger audience. For Tom, Arduino has been about “the " +#| "democratization of technology.” Tom sees Arduino’s open-source strategy " +#| "as helping the world get over the idea that technology has to be " +#| "protected. Tom says, “Technology is a literacy everyone should learn.”" msgid "" "Arduino has been hugely successful in making technology and electronics " -"reach a larger audience. For Tom, Arduino has been about “the " -"democratization of technology.” Tom sees Arduino’s open-source strategy as " -"helping the world get over the idea that technology has to be protected. Tom " -"says, “Technology is a literacy everyone should learn.”" +"reach a larger audience. For Tom, Arduino has been about <quote>the " +"democratization of technology.</quote> Tom sees Arduino’s open-source " +"strategy as helping the world get over the idea that technology has to be " +"protected. Tom says, <quote>Technology is a literacy everyone should learn.</" +"quote>" msgstr "" "Arduino har vært svært vellykket med å få teknologi og elektronikk ut til et " "større publikum. For Tom har Arduino handlet om «demokratisering av " @@ -6837,7 +7652,7 @@ msgstr "" "en ferdighet som alle burde lære»." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3571 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3568 msgid "" "Ultimately, for Arduino, going open has been good business—good for product " "development, good for distribution, good for pricing, and good for " @@ -6848,12 +7663,12 @@ msgstr "" "produksjon." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3577 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3574 msgid "Ártica" msgstr "Ártica" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3580 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3577 msgid "" "Ártica provides online courses and consulting services focused on how to use " "digital technology to share knowledge and enable collaboration in arts and " @@ -6864,12 +7679,12 @@ msgstr "" "og kultur. Grunnlagt i 2011 i Uruguay." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3585 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3582 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.articaonline.com\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://www.articaonline.com\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3587 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3584 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for custom " "services" @@ -6878,12 +7693,12 @@ msgstr "" "tjenester" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3590 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3587 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: March 9, 2016" msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Dato for intervju</emphasis>: 9. mars 2016" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3592 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3589 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: Mariana Fossatti and " "Jorge Gemetto, cofounders" @@ -6892,21 +7707,21 @@ msgstr "" "Gemetto, medgrunnleggere" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3596 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3783 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3975 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4394 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5760 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7204 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7985 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8507 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8728 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9194 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3593 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3784 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3980 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4401 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5774 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7225 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8009 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8537 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8759 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9230 msgid "Profile written by Sarah Hinchliff Pearson" msgstr "Profilen skrevet av Sarah Hinchliff Pearson" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3600 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3597 msgid "" "The story of Mariana Fossatti and Jorge Gemetto’s business, Ártica, is the " "ultimate example of DIY. Not only are they successful entrepreneurs, the " @@ -6919,12 +7734,12 @@ msgstr "" "en de har bygget selv." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3606 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3603 msgid "Their dream jobs didn’t exist, so they created them." msgstr "Drømmejobbene deres eksisterer ikke, så de laget dem." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3609 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3606 msgid "" "In 2011, Mariana was a sociologist working for an international organization " "to develop research and online education about rural-development issues. " @@ -6946,7 +7761,7 @@ msgstr "" "Internettet." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3621 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3618 msgid "" "Ártica feels like a uniquely twenty-first century business. The small " "company has a global online presence with no physical offices. Jorge and " @@ -6971,15 +7786,26 @@ msgstr "" "eller mellommenn." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3634 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3631 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Ártica offers personalized education and consulting services, and helps " +#| "clients implement projects. All of these services are customized. They " +#| "call it an “artisan” process because of the time and effort it takes to " +#| "adapt their work for the particular needs of students and clients. “Each " +#| "student or client is paying for a specific solution to his or her " +#| "problems and questions,” Mariana said. Rather than sell access to their " +#| "content, they provide it for free and charge for the personalized " +#| "services." msgid "" "Ártica offers personalized education and consulting services, and helps " "clients implement projects. All of these services are customized. They call " -"it an “artisan” process because of the time and effort it takes to adapt " -"their work for the particular needs of students and clients. “Each student " -"or client is paying for a specific solution to his or her problems and " -"questions,” Mariana said. Rather than sell access to their content, they " -"provide it for free and charge for the personalized services." +"it an <quote>artisan</quote> process because of the time and effort it takes " +"to adapt their work for the particular needs of students and clients. " +"<quote>Each student or client is paying for a specific solution to his or " +"her problems and questions,</quote> Mariana said. Rather than sell access to " +"their content, they provide it for free and charge for the personalized " +"services." msgstr "" "Ártica tilbyr tilpasset utdanning og konsulenttjenester, og hjelper kundene " "å gjennomføre prosjekter. Alle disse tjenestene er tilpasset. De kaller det " @@ -6990,14 +7816,22 @@ msgstr "" "gir de det gratis, og tar betalt for tilpasningstjenestene." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3644 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3642 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "When they started, they offered a smaller number of courses designed to " +#| "attract large audiences. “Over the years, we realized that online " +#| "communities are more specific than we thought,” Mariana said. Ártica now " +#| "provides more options for classes and has lower enrollment in each " +#| "course. This means they can provide more attention to individual students " +#| "and offer classes on more specialized topics." msgid "" "When they started, they offered a smaller number of courses designed to " -"attract large audiences. “Over the years, we realized that online " -"communities are more specific than we thought,” Mariana said. Ártica now " -"provides more options for classes and has lower enrollment in each course. " -"This means they can provide more attention to individual students and offer " -"classes on more specialized topics." +"attract large audiences. <quote>Over the years, we realized that online " +"communities are more specific than we thought,</quote> Mariana said. Ártica " +"now provides more options for classes and has lower enrollment in each " +"course. This means they can provide more attention to individual students " +"and offer classes on more specialized topics." msgstr "" "Da de begynte, tilbød de et mindre antall kurs laget for å tiltrekke seg " "store målgrupper. «Gjennom årene har vi innsett at nettsamfunn er mer " @@ -7007,7 +7841,7 @@ msgstr "" "emner." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3653 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3651 msgid "" "Online courses are their biggest revenue stream, but they also do more than " "a dozen consulting projects each year, ranging from digitization to event " @@ -7022,7 +7856,7 @@ msgstr "" "mindre prosjekter på oppdrag fra enkeltartister." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3661 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3659 msgid "" "Ártica also seeks out public and private funding for specific projects. " "Sometimes, even if they are unsuccessful in subsidizing a project like a new " @@ -7037,20 +7871,34 @@ msgstr "" "hver ny ressurs de lager åpner nye dører." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3669 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3667 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Ártica relies heavily on their free Creative Commons–licensed content to " +#| "attract new students and clients. Everything they create—online " +#| "education, blog posts, videos—is published under an Attribution-" +#| "ShareAlike license (CC BY-SA). “We use a ShareAlike license because we " +#| "want to give the greatest freedom to our students and readers, and we " +#| "also want that freedom to be viral,” Jorge said. For them, giving others " +#| "the right to reuse and remix their content is a fundamental value. “How " +#| "can you offer an online educational service without giving permission to " +#| "download, make and keep copies, or print the educational resources?” " +#| "Jorge said. “If we want to do the best for our students—those who trust " +#| "in us to the point that they are willing to pay online without face-to-" +#| "face contact—we have to offer them a fair and ethical agreement.”" msgid "" "Ártica relies heavily on their free Creative Commons–licensed content to " "attract new students and clients. Everything they create—online education, " "blog posts, videos—is published under an Attribution-ShareAlike license (CC " -"BY-SA). “We use a ShareAlike license because we want to give the greatest " -"freedom to our students and readers, and we also want that freedom to be " -"viral,” Jorge said. For them, giving others the right to reuse and remix " -"their content is a fundamental value. “How can you offer an online " -"educational service without giving permission to download, make and keep " -"copies, or print the educational resources?” Jorge said. “If we want to do " -"the best for our students—those who trust in us to the point that they are " -"willing to pay online without face-to-face contact—we have to offer them a " -"fair and ethical agreement.”" +"BY-SA). <quote>We use a ShareAlike license because we want to give the " +"greatest freedom to our students and readers, and we also want that freedom " +"to be viral,</quote> Jorge said. For them, giving others the right to reuse " +"and remix their content is a fundamental value. <quote>How can you offer an " +"online educational service without giving permission to download, make and " +"keep copies, or print the educational resources?</quote> Jorge said. " +"<quote>If we want to do the best for our students—those who trust in us to " +"the point that they are willing to pay online without face-to-face contact—" +"we have to offer them a fair and ethical agreement.</quote>" msgstr "" "Ártica lener seg tungt på at deres gratis Creative Commons-lisensierte " "innhold vil trekke til seg nye studenter og kunder. Alt de lager, nettbasert " @@ -7066,7 +7914,7 @@ msgstr "" "ansikt kontakt - har vi bare å tilby dem en hederlig og etisk avtale»." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3685 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3683 msgid "" "They also believe sharing their ideas and expertise openly helps them build " "their reputation and visibility. People often share and cite their work. A " @@ -7081,15 +7929,26 @@ msgstr "" "til å åpne opp nye muligheter for sin virksomhet." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3693 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3691 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "This belief that openness creates new opportunities reflects another " +#| "belief—in serendipity. When describing their process for creating " +#| "content, they spoke of all of the spontaneous and organic ways they find " +#| "inspiration. “Sometimes, the collaborative process starts with a " +#| "conversation between us, or with friends from other projects,” Jorge " +#| "said. “That can be the first step for a new blog post or another simple " +#| "piece of content, which can evolve to a more complex product in the " +#| "future, like a course or a book.”" msgid "" "This belief that openness creates new opportunities reflects another belief—" "in serendipity. When describing their process for creating content, they " "spoke of all of the spontaneous and organic ways they find inspiration. " -"“Sometimes, the collaborative process starts with a conversation between us, " -"or with friends from other projects,” Jorge said. “That can be the first " -"step for a new blog post or another simple piece of content, which can " -"evolve to a more complex product in the future, like a course or a book.”" +"<quote>Sometimes, the collaborative process starts with a conversation " +"between us, or with friends from other projects,</quote> Jorge said. " +"<quote>That can be the first step for a new blog post or another simple " +"piece of content, which can evolve to a more complex product in the future, " +"like a course or a book.</quote>" msgstr "" "Troen på at åpenhet skaper nye muligheter, reflekterer en annen tro, til alt " "hell. Når de beskriver sin prosess når de lager innhold, snakker de om alle " @@ -7100,14 +7959,24 @@ msgstr "" "til et mer sammensatt produkt, som et kurs eller en bok»." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3703 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3702 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Rather than planning their work in advance, they let their creative " +#| "process be dynamic. “This doesn’t mean that we don’t need to work hard in " +#| "order to get good professional results, but the design process is more " +#| "flexible,” Jorge said. They share early and often, and they adjust based " +#| "on what they learn, always exploring and testing new ideas and ways of " +#| "operating. In many ways, for them, the process is just as important as " +#| "the final product." msgid "" "Rather than planning their work in advance, they let their creative process " -"be dynamic. “This doesn’t mean that we don’t need to work hard in order to " -"get good professional results, but the design process is more flexible,” " -"Jorge said. They share early and often, and they adjust based on what they " -"learn, always exploring and testing new ideas and ways of operating. In many " -"ways, for them, the process is just as important as the final product." +"be dynamic. <quote>This doesn’t mean that we don’t need to work hard in " +"order to get good professional results, but the design process is more " +"flexible,</quote> Jorge said. They share early and often, and they adjust " +"based on what they learn, always exploring and testing new ideas and ways of " +"operating. In many ways, for them, the process is just as important as the " +"final product." msgstr "" "Heller enn å planlegging arbeidet sitt på forhånd, lar de deres kreative " "prosess være dynamisk. «Dette betyr ikke at vi ikke trenger å jobbe hardt " @@ -7118,12 +7987,19 @@ msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> #: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3712 -msgid "" -"People and relationships are also just as important, sometimes more. “In the " -"educational and cultural business, it is more important to pay attention to " -"people and process, rather than content or specific formats or materials,” " -"Mariana said. “Materials and content are fluid. The important thing is the " -"relationships.”" +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "People and relationships are also just as important, sometimes more. “In " +#| "the educational and cultural business, it is more important to pay " +#| "attention to people and process, rather than content or specific formats " +#| "or materials,” Mariana said. “Materials and content are fluid. The " +#| "important thing is the relationships.”" +msgid "" +"People and relationships are also just as important, sometimes more. " +"<quote>In the educational and cultural business, it is more important to pay " +"attention to people and process, rather than content or specific formats or " +"materials,</quote> Mariana said. <quote>Materials and content are fluid. " +"The important thing is the relationships.</quote>" msgstr "" "Folk og relasjoner er også like viktige, noen ganger mer. «I den pedagogiske " "og kulturelle virksomheten, er det viktigere å ta hensyn til folk og " @@ -7144,17 +8020,29 @@ msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> #: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3725 -msgid "" -"At the core of everything Ártica does is a set of values. “Good content is " -"not enough,” Jorge said. “We also think that it is very important to take a " -"stand for some things in the cultural sector.” Mariana and Jorge are " -"activists. They defend free culture (the movement promoting the freedom to " -"modify and distribute creative work) and work to demonstrate the " -"intersection between free culture and other social-justice movements. Their " -"efforts to involve people in their work and enable artists and cultural " -"institutions to better use technology are all tied closely to their belief " -"system. Ultimately, what drives their work is a mission to democratize art " -"and culture." +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "At the core of everything Ártica does is a set of values. “Good content " +#| "is not enough,” Jorge said. “We also think that it is very important to " +#| "take a stand for some things in the cultural sector.” Mariana and Jorge " +#| "are activists. They defend free culture (the movement promoting the " +#| "freedom to modify and distribute creative work) and work to demonstrate " +#| "the intersection between free culture and other social-justice movements. " +#| "Their efforts to involve people in their work and enable artists and " +#| "cultural institutions to better use technology are all tied closely to " +#| "their belief system. Ultimately, what drives their work is a mission to " +#| "democratize art and culture." +msgid "" +"At the core of everything Ártica does is a set of values. <quote>Good " +"content is not enough,</quote> Jorge said. <quote>We also think that it is " +"very important to take a stand for some things in the cultural sector.</" +"quote> Mariana and Jorge are activists. They defend free culture (the " +"movement promoting the freedom to modify and distribute creative work) and " +"work to demonstrate the intersection between free culture and other social-" +"justice movements. Their efforts to involve people in their work and enable " +"artists and cultural institutions to better use technology are all tied " +"closely to their belief system. Ultimately, what drives their work is a " +"mission to democratize art and culture." msgstr "" "Kjernen i alt Ártica gjør er et sett verdier. «Godt innhold ikke er nok», sa " "Jorge. «Vi tror også at det er svært viktig å ta et standpunkt for noe i " @@ -7168,7 +8056,7 @@ msgstr "" "kultur." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3738 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3739 msgid "" "Of course, Ártica also has to make enough money to cover its expenses. Human " "resources are, by far, their biggest expense. They tap a network of " @@ -7187,12 +8075,19 @@ msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> #: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3747 -msgid "" -"“There are lots of people offering online courses,” Jorge said. “But it is " -"easy to differentiate us. We have an approach that is very specific and " -"personal.” Ártica’s model is rooted in the personal at every level. For " -"Mariana and Jorge, success means doing what brings them personal meaning and " -"purpose, and doing it sustainably and collaboratively." +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "“There are lots of people offering online courses,” Jorge said. “But it " +#| "is easy to differentiate us. We have an approach that is very specific " +#| "and personal.” Ártica’s model is rooted in the personal at every level. " +#| "For Mariana and Jorge, success means doing what brings them personal " +#| "meaning and purpose, and doing it sustainably and collaboratively." +msgid "" +"<quote>There are lots of people offering online courses,</quote> Jorge said. " +"<quote>But it is easy to differentiate us. We have an approach that is very " +"specific and personal.</quote> Ártica’s model is rooted in the personal at " +"every level. For Mariana and Jorge, success means doing what brings them " +"personal meaning and purpose, and doing it sustainably and collaboratively." msgstr "" "«Det er mange mennesker som tilbyr kurs på nettet», sa Jorge. «Men det er " "lett å skille oss ut. Vi har en tilnærming som er veldig spesifikk og " @@ -7202,12 +8097,19 @@ msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> #: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3755 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "In their work with younger artists, Mariana and Jorge try to emphasize " +#| "that this model of success is just as valuable as the picture of success " +#| "we get from the media. “If they seek only the traditional type of " +#| "success, they will get frustrated,” Mariana said. “We try to show them " +#| "another image of what it looks like.”" msgid "" "In their work with younger artists, Mariana and Jorge try to emphasize that " "this model of success is just as valuable as the picture of success we get " -"from the media. “If they seek only the traditional type of success, they " -"will get frustrated,” Mariana said. “We try to show them another image of " -"what it looks like.”" +"from the media. <quote>If they seek only the traditional type of success, " +"they will get frustrated,</quote> Mariana said. <quote>We try to show them " +"another image of what it looks like.</quote>" msgstr "" "I sitt arbeid med yngre artister prøver Mariana og Jorge å understreke at " "denne modellen for suksess er like verdifull som det bildet av suksess vi " @@ -7216,12 +8118,12 @@ msgstr "" "hvordan det ser ut»." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3763 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3764 msgid "Blender Institute" msgstr "Blender-instituttet" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3766 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3767 msgid "" "The Blender Institute is an animation studio that creates 3-D films using " "Blender software. Founded in 2006 in the Netherlands." @@ -7230,12 +8132,12 @@ msgstr "" "programvare. Grunnlagt i 2006 i Nederland." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3771 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3772 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.blender.org\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://www.blender.org\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3773 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3774 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: crowdfunding " "(subscription-based), charging for physical copies, selling merchandise" @@ -7244,12 +8146,12 @@ msgstr "" "(abonnementsbasert), betaling for fysiske kopier, varesalg" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3777 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3778 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: March 8, 2016" msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Dato for intervju</emphasis>: 8. mars 2016" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3779 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3780 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Francesco Siddi, " "production coordinator" @@ -7258,7 +8160,7 @@ msgstr "" "produksjonsleder" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3787 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3788 msgid "" "For Ton Roosendaal, the creator of Blender software and its related " "entities, sharing is practical. Making their 3-D content creation software " @@ -7279,7 +8181,7 @@ msgstr "" "fordel for Blender og Blenders fellesskap helt konkret." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3798 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3799 msgid "" "Each open-movie project Blender runs produces a host of openly licensed " "outputs, not just the final film itself but all of the source material as " @@ -7298,12 +8200,19 @@ msgstr "" "prosess der det kreative og tekniske fellesskapet arbeider sammen." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3808 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3809 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Rather than just talking about the theoretical benefits of sharing and " +#| "free culture, Ton is very much about doing and making free culture. " +#| "Blender’s production coordinator Francesco Siddi told us, “Ton believes " +#| "if you don’t make content using your tools, then you’re not doing " +#| "anything.”" msgid "" "Rather than just talking about the theoretical benefits of sharing and free " "culture, Ton is very much about doing and making free culture. Blender’s " -"production coordinator Francesco Siddi told us, “Ton believes if you don’t " -"make content using your tools, then you’re not doing anything.”" +"production coordinator Francesco Siddi told us, <quote>Ton believes if you " +"don’t make content using your tools, then you’re not doing anything.</quote>" msgstr "" "Heller enn bare å snakke om de teoretisk fordelene av deling og fri kultur, " "er Ton veldig for å få til og lage fri kultur. Blenders produksjonsleder " @@ -7311,7 +8220,7 @@ msgstr "" "verktøyet ditt til å lage innhold, så gjør du ikke noenting»." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3815 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3816 msgid "" "Blender’s history begins in the late 1990s, when Ton created the Blender " "software. Originally, the software was an in-house resource for his " @@ -7332,17 +8241,28 @@ msgstr "" "tilgjengelig under GNU General Public License." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3826 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3827 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "This was long before Kickstarter and other online crowdfunding sites " +#| "existed, but Ton ran his own version of a crowdfunding campaign and " +#| "quickly raised the money he needed. The Blender software became freely " +#| "available for anyone to use. Simply applying the General Public License " +#| "to the software, however, was not enough to create a thriving community " +#| "around it. Francesco told us, “Software of this complexity relies on " +#| "people and their vision of how people work together. Ton is a fantastic " +#| "community builder and manager, and he put a lot of work into fostering a " +#| "community of developers so that the project could live.”" msgid "" "This was long before Kickstarter and other online crowdfunding sites " "existed, but Ton ran his own version of a crowdfunding campaign and quickly " "raised the money he needed. The Blender software became freely available for " "anyone to use. Simply applying the General Public License to the software, " "however, was not enough to create a thriving community around it. Francesco " -"told us, “Software of this complexity relies on people and their vision of " -"how people work together. Ton is a fantastic community builder and manager, " -"and he put a lot of work into fostering a community of developers so that " -"the project could live.”" +"told us, <quote>Software of this complexity relies on people and their " +"vision of how people work together. Ton is a fantastic community builder and " +"manager, and he put a lot of work into fostering a community of developers " +"so that the project could live.</quote>" msgstr "" "Dette var lenge før Kickstarter og andre nettsteder for folkefinansiering " "eksisterte, men Ton kjørte sin egen versjon av en folkefinansiering, og " @@ -7355,13 +8275,22 @@ msgstr "" "fremme et fellesskap av utviklere slik at prosjektet kunne leve»." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3838 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3840 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Like any successful free and open-source software project, Blender " +#| "developed quickly because the community could make fixes and " +#| "improvements. “Software should be free and open to hack,” Francesco said. " +#| "“Otherwise, everyone is doing the same thing in the dark for ten years.” " +#| "Ton set up the Blender Foundation to oversee and steward the software " +#| "development and maintenance." msgid "" "Like any successful free and open-source software project, Blender developed " -"quickly because the community could make fixes and improvements. “Software " -"should be free and open to hack,” Francesco said. “Otherwise, everyone is " -"doing the same thing in the dark for ten years.” Ton set up the Blender " -"Foundation to oversee and steward the software development and maintenance." +"quickly because the community could make fixes and improvements. " +"<quote>Software should be free and open to hack,</quote> Francesco said. " +"<quote>Otherwise, everyone is doing the same thing in the dark for ten years." +"</quote> Ton set up the Blender Foundation to oversee and steward the " +"software development and maintenance." msgstr "" "Som ethvert vellykket fri programvareprosjekt utviklet Blender seg raskt " "fordi fellesskapet kunne gjøre feilrettinger og forbedringer. «Programvare " @@ -7370,7 +8299,7 @@ msgstr "" "programvareutviklingen og vedlikeholdet." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3846 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3849 msgid "" "After a few years, Ton began looking for new ways to push development of the " "software. He came up with the idea of creating CC-licensed films using the " @@ -7389,14 +8318,23 @@ msgstr "" "av høy kvalitet, de skulle forbedre Blenders programvare i prosessen." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3856 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3859 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "They turned to crowdfunding to subsidize the costs of the project. They " +#| "had about twenty people working full-time for six to ten months, so the " +#| "costs were significant. Francesco said that when their crowdfunding " +#| "campaign succeeded, people were astounded. “The idea that making money " +#| "was possible by producing CC-licensed material was mind-blowing to " +#| "people,” he said. “They were like, ‘I have to see it to believe it.’”" msgid "" "They turned to crowdfunding to subsidize the costs of the project. They had " "about twenty people working full-time for six to ten months, so the costs " "were significant. Francesco said that when their crowdfunding campaign " -"succeeded, people were astounded. “The idea that making money was possible " -"by producing CC-licensed material was mind-blowing to people,” he said. " -"“They were like, ‘I have to see it to believe it.’”" +"succeeded, people were astounded. <quote>The idea that making money was " +"possible by producing CC-licensed material was mind-blowing to people,</" +"quote> he said. <quote>They were like, <quote>I have to see it to believe " +"it.</quote></quote>" msgstr "" "De gikk for folkefinansieringsmodellen for å subsidiere prosjektkostnadene. " "Med tjue personer arbeidende på fulltid i seks til ti måneder, var " @@ -7406,7 +8344,7 @@ msgstr "" "de måtte se det for å tro det.»" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3865 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3869 msgid "" "The first film, which was released in 2006, was an experiment. It was so " "successful that Ton decided to set up the Blender Institute, an entity " @@ -7421,7 +8359,19 @@ msgstr "" "figurene ble plukket opp av markedsførere." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3873 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3877 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Francesco said that, over time, the Blender Institute projects have " +#| "gotten bigger and more prominent. That means the filmmaking process has " +#| "become more complex, combining technical experts and artists who focus on " +#| "storytelling. Francesco says the process is almost on an industrial scale " +#| "because of the number of moving parts. This requires a lot of specialized " +#| "assistance, but the Blender Institute has no problem finding the talent " +#| "it needs to help on projects. “Blender hardly does any recruiting for " +#| "film projects because the talent emerges naturally,” Francesco said. “So " +#| "many people want to work with us, and we can’t always hire them because " +#| "of budget constraints.”" msgid "" "Francesco said that, over time, the Blender Institute projects have gotten " "bigger and more prominent. That means the filmmaking process has become more " @@ -7429,9 +8379,10 @@ msgid "" "Francesco says the process is almost on an industrial scale because of the " "number of moving parts. This requires a lot of specialized assistance, but " "the Blender Institute has no problem finding the talent it needs to help on " -"projects. “Blender hardly does any recruiting for film projects because the " -"talent emerges naturally,” Francesco said. “So many people want to work " -"with us, and we can’t always hire them because of budget constraints.”" +"projects. <quote>Blender hardly does any recruiting for film projects " +"because the talent emerges naturally,</quote> Francesco said. <quote>So many " +"people want to work with us, and we can’t always hire them because of budget " +"constraints.</quote>" msgstr "" "Francesco sa at over tid har Blender Institute-prosjektene blitt større og " "mer betydningsfulle. Det betyr at prosessen med å lage film har blitt mer " @@ -7445,14 +8396,24 @@ msgstr "" "dem på grunn av budsjettbegrensninger»." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3886 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3890 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Blender has had a lot of success raising money from its community over " +#| "the years. In many ways, the pitch has gotten easier to make. Not only " +#| "is crowdfunding simply more familiar to the public, but people know and " +#| "trust Blender to deliver, and Ton has developed a reputation as an " +#| "effective community leader and visionary for their work. “There is a " +#| "whole community who sees and understands the benefit of these projects,” " +#| "Francesco said." msgid "" "Blender has had a lot of success raising money from its community over the " "years. In many ways, the pitch has gotten easier to make. Not only is " "crowdfunding simply more familiar to the public, but people know and trust " "Blender to deliver, and Ton has developed a reputation as an effective " -"community leader and visionary for their work. “There is a whole community " -"who sees and understands the benefit of these projects,” Francesco said." +"community leader and visionary for their work. <quote>There is a whole " +"community who sees and understands the benefit of these projects,</quote> " +"Francesco said." msgstr "" "Blender har hatt stor suksess med å skaffe penger fra fellesskapet gjennom " "årene. På mange måter har det blitt lettere å bane vei. Ikke bare er " @@ -7462,13 +8423,22 @@ msgstr "" "fellesskap som ser og forstår fordelen med disse prosjektene», sa Francesco." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3895 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3899 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "While these benefits of each open-movie project make a compelling pitch " +#| "for crowdfunding campaigns, Francesco told us the Blender Institute has " +#| "found some limitations in the standard crowdfunding model where you " +#| "propose a specific project and ask for funding. “Once a project is over, " +#| "everyone goes home,” he said. “It is great fun, but then it ends. That is " +#| "a problem.”" msgid "" "While these benefits of each open-movie project make a compelling pitch for " "crowdfunding campaigns, Francesco told us the Blender Institute has found " "some limitations in the standard crowdfunding model where you propose a " -"specific project and ask for funding. “Once a project is over, everyone " -"goes home,” he said. “It is great fun, but then it ends. That is a problem.”" +"specific project and ask for funding. <quote>Once a project is over, " +"everyone goes home,</quote> he said. <quote>It is great fun, but then it " +"ends. That is a problem.</quote>" msgstr "" "Mens disse fordelene fra hvert åpen-filmprosjekt gir et overbevisende " "grunnlag for folkefinansieringskampanjer, fortalte Francesco oss at Blender " @@ -7478,7 +8448,7 @@ msgstr "" "moro, men så slutter det. Det er et problem»." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3903 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3908 msgid "" "To make their work more sustainable, they needed a way to receive ongoing " "support rather than on a project-by-project basis. Their solution is Blender " @@ -7507,12 +8477,18 @@ msgstr "" "biblioteker med rollemodeller og andre ressurser til bruk i ulike prosjekter." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3918 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3923 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "The continuous financial support provided by Blender Cloud subsidizes " +#| "five to six full-time employees at the Blender Institute. Francesco says " +#| "their goal is to grow their subscriber base. “This is our freedom,” he " +#| "told us, “and for artists, freedom is everything.”" msgid "" "The continuous financial support provided by Blender Cloud subsidizes five " "to six full-time employees at the Blender Institute. Francesco says their " -"goal is to grow their subscriber base. “This is our freedom,” he told us, " -"“and for artists, freedom is everything.”" +"goal is to grow their subscriber base. <quote>This is our freedom,</quote> " +"he told us, <quote>and for artists, freedom is everything.</quote>" msgstr "" "Kontinuerlig økonomisk støtte fra Blender Cloud finansierer fem til seks " "heltidsansatte ved Blender Institute. Francesco sier at deres mål er å " @@ -7520,7 +8496,7 @@ msgstr "" "kunstnere er frihet alt»." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3925 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3930 msgid "" "Blender Cloud is the primary revenue stream of the Blender Institute. The " "Blender Foundation is funded primarily by donations, and that money goes " @@ -7537,7 +8513,7 @@ msgstr "" "skjorter og andre Blender-produkter." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3934 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3939 msgid "" "Ton has worked on projects relating to his Blender software for nearly " "twenty years. Throughout most of that time, he has been committed to making " @@ -7550,15 +8526,24 @@ msgstr "" "Å selge en lisens har aldri vært en del av forretningsmodellen." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3941 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3946 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Since 2006, he has been making films available along with all of their " +#| "source material. He says he has hardly ever seen people stepping into " +#| "Blender’s shoes and trying to make money off of their content. Ton " +#| "believes this is because the true value of what they do is in the " +#| "creative and production process. “Even when you share everything, all " +#| "your original sources, it still takes a lot of talent, skills, time, and " +#| "budget to reproduce what you did,” Ton said." msgid "" "Since 2006, he has been making films available along with all of their " "source material. He says he has hardly ever seen people stepping into " "Blender’s shoes and trying to make money off of their content. Ton believes " "this is because the true value of what they do is in the creative and " -"production process. “Even when you share everything, all your original " +"production process. <quote>Even when you share everything, all your original " "sources, it still takes a lot of talent, skills, time, and budget to " -"reproduce what you did,” Ton said." +"reproduce what you did,</quote> Ton said." msgstr "" "Siden 2006 har han gjort filmer tilgjengelig sammen med alt tilhørende " "kildemateriale. Han sier han har knapt sett mennesker som har satt foten i " @@ -7569,17 +8554,17 @@ msgstr "" "gjorde», sa Ton." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3951 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3956 msgid "For Ton and Blender, it all comes back to doing." msgstr "For Ton og Blender, går alt tilbake til hva du gjør." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3955 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3960 msgid "Cards Against Humanity" msgstr "Cards Against Humanity" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3958 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3963 msgid "" "Cards Against Humanity is a private, for-profit company that makes a popular " "party game by the same name. Founded in 2011 in the U.S." @@ -7588,12 +8573,12 @@ msgstr "" "populært fest-spill ved samme navn. Grunnlagt i USA i 2011." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3963 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3968 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.cardsagainsthumanity.com\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://www.cardsagainsthumanity.com\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3965 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3970 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for physical " "copies" @@ -7602,23 +8587,30 @@ msgstr "" "kopier" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3968 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3973 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 3, 2016" msgstr "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Dato for intervju</emphasis>: 3. februar 2016" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3971 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3976 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Max Temkin, cofounder" msgstr "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Intervjuet</emphasis>: Max Temkin, medgrunnlegger" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3979 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3984 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "If you ask cofounder Max Temkin, there is nothing particularly " +#| "interesting about the Cards Against Humanity business model. “We make a " +#| "product. We sell it for money. Then we spend less money than we make,” " +#| "Max said." msgid "" "If you ask cofounder Max Temkin, there is nothing particularly interesting " -"about the Cards Against Humanity business model. “We make a product. We sell " -"it for money. Then we spend less money than we make,” Max said." +"about the Cards Against Humanity business model. <quote>We make a product. " +"We sell it for money. Then we spend less money than we make,</quote> Max " +"said." msgstr "" "Hvis du spør medgrunnlegger Max Temkin, er det ikke noe spesielt interessant " "vedrørende forretningsmodellen til Cards Against Humanity. «Vi lager et " @@ -7626,15 +8618,24 @@ msgstr "" "inn», sa Max." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3985 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3990 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "He is right. Cards Against Humanity is a simple party game, modeled after " +#| "the game Apples to Apples. To play, one player asks a question or fill-in-" +#| "the-blank statement from a black card, and the other players submit their " +#| "funniest white card in response. The catch is that all of the cards are " +#| "filled with crude, gruesome, and otherwise awful things. For the right " +#| "kind of people (“horrible people,” according to Cards Against Humanity " +#| "advertising), this makes for a hilarious and fun game." msgid "" "He is right. Cards Against Humanity is a simple party game, modeled after " "the game Apples to Apples. To play, one player asks a question or fill-in-" "the-blank statement from a black card, and the other players submit their " "funniest white card in response. The catch is that all of the cards are " "filled with crude, gruesome, and otherwise awful things. For the right kind " -"of people (“horrible people,” according to Cards Against Humanity " -"advertising), this makes for a hilarious and fun game." +"of people (<quote>horrible people,</quote> according to Cards Against " +"Humanity advertising), this makes for a hilarious and fun game." msgstr "" "Han har rett. Cards Against Humanity er et enkelt fest-spill, tuftet på " "spillet Apples to Apples. For å spille stiller en spiller et spørsmål, eller " @@ -7645,7 +8646,7 @@ msgstr "" "og morsomt spill." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3995 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4000 msgid "" "The revenue model is simple. Physical copies of the game are sold for a " "profit. And it works. At the time of this writing, Cards Against Humanity is " @@ -7660,7 +8661,7 @@ msgstr "" "temapakker samt internasjonale utgaver." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4003 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4008 msgid "" "But Cards Against Humanity is also available for free. Anyone can download a " "digital version of the game on the Cards Against Humanity website. More than " @@ -7673,7 +8674,7 @@ msgstr "" "loggføre tallene." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4009 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4014 msgid "" "The game is available under an Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license " "(CC BY-NC-SA). That means, in addition to copying the game, anyone can " @@ -7688,7 +8689,7 @@ msgstr "" "nytt spill i seg selv." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4017 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4022 msgid "" "All together, these factors—the crass tone of the game and company, the free " "download, the openness to fans remixing the game—give the game a massive " @@ -7699,7 +8700,7 @@ msgstr "" "spillet solid kultstatus." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4022 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4027 msgid "" "Their success is not the result of a grand plan. Instead, Cards Against " "Humanity was the last in a long line of games and comedy projects that Max " @@ -7724,23 +8725,34 @@ msgstr "" "offisielt i mai 2011." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4035 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4040 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "The game caught on quickly, and it has only grown more popular over time. " +#| "Max says the eight founders never had a meeting where they decided to " +#| "make it an ongoing business. “It kind of just happened,” he said." msgid "" "The game caught on quickly, and it has only grown more popular over time. " "Max says the eight founders never had a meeting where they decided to make " -"it an ongoing business. “It kind of just happened,” he said." +"it an ongoing business. <quote>It kind of just happened,</quote> he said." msgstr "" "Spillet fenget raskt, og populariteten har bare vokst med tiden. Max sier at " "de åtte grunnleggerne aldri hatt et møte hvor de bestemte seg for å gjøre " "dette til en kontinuerlig virksomhet. «På en måte hendte det bare», sa han." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4041 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4046 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "But this tale of a “happy accident” belies marketing genius. Just like " +#| "the game, the Cards Against Humanity brand is irreverent and memorable. " +#| "It is hard to forget a company that calls the FAQ on their website “Your " +#| "dumb questions.”" msgid "" -"But this tale of a “happy accident” belies marketing genius. Just like the " -"game, the Cards Against Humanity brand is irreverent and memorable. It is " -"hard to forget a company that calls the FAQ on their website “Your dumb " -"questions.”" +"But this tale of a <quote>happy accident</quote> belies marketing genius. " +"Just like the game, the Cards Against Humanity brand is irreverent and " +"memorable. It is hard to forget a company that calls the FAQ on their " +"website <quote>Your dumb questions.</quote>" msgstr "" "Men denne fortellingen om en «lykkelig tilfeldighet» står i motsetning til " "markedsføringbegavelsen. Akkurat som spillet, er Cards Against Humanity sitt " @@ -7749,7 +8761,20 @@ msgstr "" "dumme spørsmål»." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4047 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4052 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Like most quality satire, however, there is more to the joke than " +#| "vulgarity and shock value. The company’s marketing efforts around Black " +#| "Friday illustrate this particularly well. For those outside the United " +#| "States, Black Friday is the term for the day after the Thanksgiving " +#| "holiday, the biggest shopping day of the year. It is an incredibly " +#| "important day for Cards Against Humanity, like it is for all U.S. " +#| "retailers. Max said they struggled with what to do on Black Friday " +#| "because they didn’t want to support what he called the “orgy of " +#| "consumerism” the day has become, particularly since it follows a day that " +#| "is about being grateful for what you have. In 2013, after deliberating, " +#| "they decided to have an Everything Costs $5 More sale." msgid "" "Like most quality satire, however, there is more to the joke than vulgarity " "and shock value. The company’s marketing efforts around Black Friday " @@ -7758,10 +8783,10 @@ msgid "" "biggest shopping day of the year. It is an incredibly important day for " "Cards Against Humanity, like it is for all U.S. retailers. Max said they " "struggled with what to do on Black Friday because they didn’t want to " -"support what he called the “orgy of consumerism” the day has become, " -"particularly since it follows a day that is about being grateful for what " -"you have. In 2013, after deliberating, they decided to have an Everything " -"Costs $5 More sale." +"support what he called the <quote>orgy of consumerism</quote> the day has " +"become, particularly since it follows a day that is about being grateful for " +"what you have. In 2013, after deliberating, they decided to have an " +"Everything Costs $5 More sale." msgstr "" "Som de fleste kvalitetssatirer består vitsen av mer enn vulgaritet og " "sjokkeffekter. Selskapets markedsføring rundt Black Friday illustrerer dette " @@ -7775,23 +8800,34 @@ msgstr "" "dollar mer»-salg." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4061 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4065 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "“We sweated it out the night before Black Friday, wondering if our fans " +#| "were going to hate us for it,” he said. “But it made us laugh so we went " +#| "with it. People totally caught the joke.”" msgid "" -"“We sweated it out the night before Black Friday, wondering if our fans were " -"going to hate us for it,” he said. “But it made us laugh so we went with it. " -"People totally caught the joke.”" +"<quote>We sweated it out the night before Black Friday, wondering if our " +"fans were going to hate us for it,</quote> he said. <quote>But it made us " +"laugh so we went with it. People totally caught the joke.</quote>" msgstr "" "«Vi svettet natten før Black Friday, og lurte på om våre fans ville hate " "oss», sa han. «Men det fikk oss til å le, så vi gikk ut med det. Og folk " "oppfattet helt klart spøken»." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4066 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4071 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "This sort of bold transparency delights the media, but more importantly, " +#| "it engages their fans. “One of the most surprising things you can do in " +#| "capitalism is just be honest with people,” Max said. “It shocks people " +#| "that there is transparency about what you are doing.”" msgid "" "This sort of bold transparency delights the media, but more importantly, it " -"engages their fans. “One of the most surprising things you can do in " -"capitalism is just be honest with people,” Max said. “It shocks people that " -"there is transparency about what you are doing.”" +"engages their fans. <quote>One of the most surprising things you can do in " +"capitalism is just be honest with people,</quote> Max said. <quote>It shocks " +"people that there is transparency about what you are doing.</quote>" msgstr "" "Denne typen modig åpenhet gleder media, men enda viktigere, det engasjerer " "fansen. «En av de mest overraskende tingene du kan gjøre i kapitalismen er " @@ -7799,13 +8835,22 @@ msgstr "" "om hva du gjør»." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4073 -msgid "" -"Max also likened it to a grand improv scene. “If we do something a little " -"subversive and unexpected, the public wants to be a part of the joke.” One " -"year they did a Give Cards Against Humanity $5 event, where people literally " -"paid them five dollars for no reason. Their fans wanted to make the joke " -"funnier by making it successful. They made $70,000 in a single day." +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4078 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Max also likened it to a grand improv scene. “If we do something a little " +#| "subversive and unexpected, the public wants to be a part of the joke.” " +#| "One year they did a Give Cards Against Humanity $5 event, where people " +#| "literally paid them five dollars for no reason. Their fans wanted to make " +#| "the joke funnier by making it successful. They made $70,000 in a single " +#| "day." +msgid "" +"Max also likened it to a grand improv scene. <quote>If we do something a " +"little subversive and unexpected, the public wants to be a part of the joke." +"</quote> One year they did a Give Cards Against Humanity $5 event, where " +"people literally paid them five dollars for no reason. Their fans wanted to " +"make the joke funnier by making it successful. They made $70,000 in a single " +"day." msgstr "" "Max sammenlignet det også med en stor improvisasjonsscene. «Hvis vi gjør noe " "litt revolusjonært og uventet, vil publikum være med på spøken. Ett år laget " @@ -7814,7 +8859,19 @@ msgstr "" "den vellykket. De fikk inn $70,000 på én dag." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4081 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4086 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "This remarkable trust they have in their customers is what inspired their " +#| "decision to apply a Creative Commons license to the game. Trusting your " +#| "customers to reuse and remix your work requires a leap of faith. Cards " +#| "Against Humanity obviously isn’t afraid of doing the unexpected, but " +#| "there are lines even they do not want to cross. Before applying the " +#| "license, Max said they worried that some fans would adapt the game to " +#| "include all of the jokes they intentionally never made because they " +#| "crossed that line. “It happened, and the world didn’t end,” Max said. “If " +#| "that is the worst cost of using CC, I’d pay that a hundred times over " +#| "because there are so many benefits.”" msgid "" "This remarkable trust they have in their customers is what inspired their " "decision to apply a Creative Commons license to the game. Trusting your " @@ -7822,10 +8879,10 @@ msgid "" "Against Humanity obviously isn’t afraid of doing the unexpected, but there " "are lines even they do not want to cross. Before applying the license, Max " "said they worried that some fans would adapt the game to include all of the " -"jokes they intentionally never made because they crossed that line. “It " -"happened, and the world didn’t end,” Max said. “If that is the worst cost of " -"using CC, I’d pay that a hundred times over because there are so many " -"benefits.”" +"jokes they intentionally never made because they crossed that line. " +"<quote>It happened, and the world didn’t end,</quote> Max said. <quote>If " +"that is the worst cost of using CC, I’d pay that a hundred times over " +"because there are so many benefits.</quote>" msgstr "" "Denne bemerkelsesverdige tilliten de har hos sine kunder var det som " "inspirerte beslutningen deres om å bruke en Creative Commons-lisens til " @@ -7839,7 +8896,7 @@ msgstr "" "det er så mange fordeler»." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4094 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4099 msgid "" "Any successful product inspires its biggest fans to create remixes of it, " "but unsanctioned adaptations are more likely to fly under the radar. The " @@ -7854,12 +8911,18 @@ msgstr "" "laget. I dag finnes det tusenvis av utvidelser fra tilhengere av spillet." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4102 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4107 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Max said, “CC was a no-brainer for us because it gets the most people " +#| "involved. Making the game free and available under a CC license led to " +#| "the unbelievable situation where we are one of the best-marketed games in " +#| "the world, and we have never spent a dime on marketing.”" msgid "" -"Max said, “CC was a no-brainer for us because it gets the most people " +"Max said, <quote>CC was a no-brainer for us because it gets the most people " "involved. Making the game free and available under a CC license led to the " "unbelievable situation where we are one of the best-marketed games in the " -"world, and we have never spent a dime on marketing.”" +"world, and we have never spent a dime on marketing.</quote>" msgstr "" "Max sa, «CC var lett for oss fordi det får mest folk involvert. Å gjøre " "spillet gratis og tilgjengelig med en CC-lisens ledet til den utrolige " @@ -7867,18 +8930,30 @@ msgstr "" "aldri brukt en krone på markedsføring»." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4109 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4114 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Of course, there are limits to what the company allows its customers to " +#| "do with the game. They chose the Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike " +#| "license because it restricts people from using the game to make money. It " +#| "also requires that adaptations of the game be made available under the " +#| "same licensing terms if they are shared publicly. Cards Against Humanity " +#| "also polices its brand. “We feel like we’re the only ones who can use our " +#| "brand and our game and make money off of it,” Max said. About 99.9 " +#| "percent of the time, they just send an email to those making commercial " +#| "use of the game, and that is the end of it. There have only been a " +#| "handful of instances where they had to get a lawyer involved." msgid "" "Of course, there are limits to what the company allows its customers to do " "with the game. They chose the Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license " "because it restricts people from using the game to make money. It also " "requires that adaptations of the game be made available under the same " "licensing terms if they are shared publicly. Cards Against Humanity also " -"polices its brand. “We feel like we’re the only ones who can use our brand " -"and our game and make money off of it,” Max said. About 99.9 percent of the " -"time, they just send an email to those making commercial use of the game, " -"and that is the end of it. There have only been a handful of instances where " -"they had to get a lawyer involved." +"polices its brand. <quote>We feel like we’re the only ones who can use our " +"brand and our game and make money off of it,</quote> Max said. About 99.9 " +"percent of the time, they just send an email to those making commercial use " +"of the game, and that is the end of it. There have only been a handful of " +"instances where they had to get a lawyer involved." msgstr "" "Selvfølgelig er det grenser for hva firmaet tillater sine kunder å gjøre med " "spillet. De valgte Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike-lisensen fordi den " @@ -7891,15 +8966,25 @@ msgstr "" "det. Det har bare vært en håndfull tilfeller der de har måttet hyre advokat." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4123 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4128 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Just as there is more than meets the eye to the Cards Against Humanity " +#| "business model, the same can be said of the game itself. To be playable, " +#| "every white card has to work syntactically with enough black cards. The " +#| "eight creators invest an incredible amount of work into creating new " +#| "cards for the game. “We have daylong arguments about commas,” Max said. " +#| "“The slacker tone of the cards gives people the impression that it is " +#| "easy to write them, but it is actually a lot of work and quibbling.”" msgid "" "Just as there is more than meets the eye to the Cards Against Humanity " "business model, the same can be said of the game itself. To be playable, " "every white card has to work syntactically with enough black cards. The " "eight creators invest an incredible amount of work into creating new cards " -"for the game. “We have daylong arguments about commas,” Max said. “The " -"slacker tone of the cards gives people the impression that it is easy to " -"write them, but it is actually a lot of work and quibbling.”" +"for the game. <quote>We have daylong arguments about commas,</quote> Max " +"said. <quote>The slacker tone of the cards gives people the impression that " +"it is easy to write them, but it is actually a lot of work and quibbling.</" +"quote>" msgstr "" "Akkurat som det er mer for øyet enn det en ser i forretningsmodellen til " "Cards Against Humanity, kan det samme sies om selve spillet. For å være " @@ -7910,7 +8995,7 @@ msgstr "" "er faktisk mye arbeid og ordkløveri»." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4133 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4139 msgid "" "That means cocreation with their fans really doesn’t work. The company has a " "submission mechanism on their website, and they get thousands of " @@ -7931,13 +9016,20 @@ msgstr "" "lager sine egne tilpasninger til spillet." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4144 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4150 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "For all of their success, the creators of Cards Against Humanity are only " +#| "partially motivated by money. Max says they have always been interested " +#| "in the Walt Disney philosophy of financial success. “We don’t make jokes " +#| "and games to make money—we make money so we can make more jokes and " +#| "games,” he said." msgid "" "For all of their success, the creators of Cards Against Humanity are only " "partially motivated by money. Max says they have always been interested in " -"the Walt Disney philosophy of financial success. “We don’t make jokes and " -"games to make money—we make money so we can make more jokes and games,” he " -"said." +"the Walt Disney philosophy of financial success. <quote>We don’t make jokes " +"and games to make money—we make money so we can make more jokes and games,</" +"quote> he said." msgstr "" "Med all sin suksess, er de som laget Cards Against Humanity bare delvis " "motivert av penger. Max sier de alltid har vært interessert i Walt Disney " @@ -7946,13 +9038,22 @@ msgstr "" "sa han." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4151 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4157 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "In fact, the company has given more than $4 million to various charities " +#| "and causes. “Cards is not our life plan,” Max said. “We all have other " +#| "interests and hobbies. We are passionate about other things going on in " +#| "our lives. A lot of the activism we have done comes out of us taking " +#| "things from the rest of our lives and channeling some of the excitement " +#| "from the game into it.”" msgid "" "In fact, the company has given more than $4 million to various charities and " -"causes. “Cards is not our life plan,” Max said. “We all have other interests " -"and hobbies. We are passionate about other things going on in our lives. A " -"lot of the activism we have done comes out of us taking things from the rest " -"of our lives and channeling some of the excitement from the game into it.”" +"causes. <quote>Cards is not our life plan,</quote> Max said. <quote>We all " +"have other interests and hobbies. We are passionate about other things going " +"on in our lives. A lot of the activism we have done comes out of us taking " +"things from the rest of our lives and channeling some of the excitement from " +"the game into it.</quote>" msgstr "" "Faktisk har selskapet gitt mer enn $4 millioner til forskjellige " "veldedighetsorganisasjoner og formål. «Kort er ikke vår plan for livet», sa " @@ -7962,7 +9063,7 @@ msgstr "" "spillet inn i det»." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4159 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4166 msgid "" "Seeing money as fuel rather than the ultimate goal is what has enabled them " "to embrace Creative Commons licensing without reservation. CC licensing " @@ -7978,12 +9079,18 @@ msgstr "" "penger fra kunder." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4167 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4173 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "“It’s not right for everyone to release everything under CC licensing,” " +#| "Max said. “If your only goal is to make a lot of money, then CC is not " +#| "best strategy. This kind of business model, though, speaks to your " +#| "values, and who you are and why you’re making things.”" msgid "" -"“It’s not right for everyone to release everything under CC licensing,” Max " -"said. “If your only goal is to make a lot of money, then CC is not best " -"strategy. This kind of business model, though, speaks to your values, and " -"who you are and why you’re making things.”" +"<quote>It’s not right for everyone to release everything under CC licensing," +"</quote> Max said. <quote>If your only goal is to make a lot of money, then " +"CC is not best strategy. This kind of business model, though, speaks to your " +"values, and who you are and why you’re making things.</quote>" msgstr "" "«Det er ikke riktig for alle å legge ut alt under CC-lisensiering», sa Max. " "«Hvis du har som eneste mål å tjene masse penger, er ikke CC beste strategi. " @@ -7991,12 +9098,12 @@ msgstr "" "og hvorfor du lager ting»." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4175 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4181 msgid "The Conversation" msgstr "The Conversation" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4178 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4184 msgid "" "The Conversation is an independent source of news, sourced from the academic " "and research community and delivered direct to the public over the Internet. " @@ -8007,12 +9114,12 @@ msgstr "" "2011 i Australia." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4183 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4189 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://theconversation.com\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://theconversation.com\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4185 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4191 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging content " "creators (universities pay membership fees to have their faculties serve as " @@ -8023,14 +9130,14 @@ msgstr "" "fakulteter som forfattere), donasjonsfinansiering" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4192 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4198 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Andrew Jaspan, founder" msgstr "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Intervjuet</emphasis>: Andrew Jaspan, grunnlegger" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4200 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4206 msgid "" "Andrew Jaspan spent years as an editor of major newspapers including the " "Observer in London, the Sunday Herald in Glasgow, and the Age in Melbourne, " @@ -8047,7 +9154,7 @@ msgstr "" "journalistikk. Andrew forpliktet seg til å koke opp en alternativ modell." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4210 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4216 msgid "" "Around the time he left his job as editor of the Melbourne Age, Andrew " "wondered where citizens would get news grounded in fact and evidence rather " @@ -8062,7 +9169,7 @@ msgstr "" "på det spekulative." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4217 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4223 msgid "" "While at the Age, he’d become friends with a vice-chancellor of a university " "in Melbourne who encouraged him to talk to smart people across campus—an " @@ -8100,7 +9207,7 @@ msgstr "" "presentere sin kompetanse til det bredere publlikum." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4238 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4244 msgid "" "Andrew believed he could to help connect academics back into the public " "arena, and maybe help society find solutions to big problems. He thought " @@ -8125,7 +9232,7 @@ msgstr "" "velger sitater, og skriver hva enn de måtte ønske." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4251 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4257 msgid "" "The people he spoke to liked this idea, and Andrew embarked on raising money " "and support with the help of the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial " @@ -8148,7 +9255,7 @@ msgstr "" "publiseres i Conversation lisensieres åpent med Creative Commons." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4264 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4270 msgid "" "The Conversation is founded on the belief that underpinning a functioning " "democracy is access to independent, high-quality, informative journalism. " @@ -8167,12 +9274,12 @@ msgstr "" "deres er enkel: Å gi leserne en pålitelig kilde til bevisbasert informasjon." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4277 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4283 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://theconversation.com/us/charter\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://theconversation.com/us/charter\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4275 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4281 msgid "" "Andrew worked hard to reinvent a methodology for creating reliable, credible " "content. He introduced strict new working practices, a charter, and codes of " @@ -8202,7 +9309,7 @@ msgstr "" "nytt." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4290 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4296 msgid "" "Creative Commons help with these goals; articles are published with the " "Attribution- NoDerivs license (CC BY-ND). They’re freely available for " @@ -8225,7 +9332,7 @@ msgstr "" "Conversation gjør." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4302 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4308 msgid "" "When readers come across the Conversation, they seem to like what they find " "and recommend it to their friends, peers, and networks. Readership has " @@ -8241,7 +9348,7 @@ msgstr "" "News." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4310 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4316 msgid "" "It’s usual for the founders of any company to ask themselves what kind of " "company it should be. It quickly became clear to the founders of the " @@ -8259,7 +9366,7 @@ msgstr "" "foretagende." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4319 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4325 msgid "" "There are now different editions of the Conversation for Africa, the United " "Kingdom, France, and the United States, in addition to the one for " @@ -8278,7 +9385,7 @@ msgstr "" "universitetsforskere fra enda flere deler av verden." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4329 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4335 msgid "" "Additionally, each edition has its own set of founding partners, strategic " "partners, and funders. They’ve received funding from foundations, " @@ -8296,13 +9403,20 @@ msgstr "" "dekning og funksjoner." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4338 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4344 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "When professors from member universities write an article, there is some " +#| "branding of the university associated with the article. On the " +#| "Conversation website, paying university members are listed as “members " +#| "and funders.” Early participants may be designated as “founding members,” " +#| "with seats on the editorial advisory board." msgid "" "When professors from member universities write an article, there is some " "branding of the university associated with the article. On the Conversation " -"website, paying university members are listed as “members and funders.” " -"Early participants may be designated as “founding members,” with seats on " -"the editorial advisory board." +"website, paying university members are listed as <quote>members and funders." +"</quote> Early participants may be designated as <quote>founding members,</" +"quote> with seats on the editorial advisory board." msgstr "" "Når professorer fra medlemsuniversiteter skriver en artikkel, er det noe " "merkevarebygging for universitetet tilknyttet artikkelen. På Conversations " @@ -8311,7 +9425,7 @@ msgstr "" "med plass i det redaksjonelle rådgivende styre." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4345 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4352 msgid "" "Academics are not paid for their contributions, but they get free editing " "from a professional (four to five hours per piece, on average). They also " @@ -8330,7 +9444,7 @@ msgstr "" "lesere per artikkel." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4355 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4362 msgid "" "The Conversation plans to expand the dashboard to show not just reach but " "impact. This tracks activities, behaviors, and events that occurred as a " @@ -8346,7 +9460,7 @@ msgstr "" "et selskap om et emne." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4363 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4370 msgid "" "These reach and impact metrics show the benefits of membership. With the " "Conversation, universities can engage with the public and show why they’re " @@ -8357,13 +9471,20 @@ msgstr "" "vise at de er verdifulle." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4368 -msgid "" -"With its tagline, “Academic Rigor, Journalistic Flair,” the Conversation " -"represents a new form of journalism that contributes to a more informed " -"citizenry and improved democracy around the world. Its open business model " -"and use of Creative Commons show how it’s possible to generate both a public " -"good and operational revenue at the same time." +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4375 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "With its tagline, “Academic Rigor, Journalistic Flair,” the Conversation " +#| "represents a new form of journalism that contributes to a more informed " +#| "citizenry and improved democracy around the world. Its open business " +#| "model and use of Creative Commons show how it’s possible to generate both " +#| "a public good and operational revenue at the same time." +msgid "" +"With its tagline, <quote>Academic Rigor, Journalistic Flair,</quote> the " +"Conversation represents a new form of journalism that contributes to a more " +"informed citizenry and improved democracy around the world. Its open " +"business model and use of Creative Commons show how it’s possible to " +"generate both a public good and operational revenue at the same time." msgstr "" "Med sitt slagord, «Akademisk standhaftighet, journalistisk finesse», " "representerer Conversation en ny form for journalistikk som bidrar til en " @@ -8373,12 +9494,12 @@ msgstr "" "inntekter samtidig." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4377 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4384 msgid "Cory Doctorow" msgstr "Cory Doctorow" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4380 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4387 msgid "" "Cory Doctorow is a science fiction writer, activist, blogger, and " "journalist. Based in the U.S." @@ -8387,7 +9508,7 @@ msgstr "" "journalist med base i USA." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4383 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4390 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://craphound.com\"/> and <ulink url=\"http://boingboing.net" "\"/>" @@ -8396,7 +9517,7 @@ msgstr "" "\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4386 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4393 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for physical " "copies (book sales), pay-what-you-want, selling translation rights to books" @@ -8405,20 +9526,28 @@ msgstr "" "kopier (boksalg), betal-hva-du-vil, salg av rettigheter til bokoversettelser" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4390 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4397 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: January 12, 2016" msgstr "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Dato for intervju</emphasis>: 12. januar 2016" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4398 -msgid "" -"Cory Doctorow hates the term “business model,” and he is adamant that he is " -"not a brand. “To me, branding is the idea that you can take a thing that has " -"certain qualities, remove the qualities, and go on selling it,” he said. " -"“I’m not out there trying to figure out how to be a brand. I’m doing this " -"thing that animates me to work crazy insane hours because it’s the most " -"important thing I know how to do.”" +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4405 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Cory Doctorow hates the term “business model,” and he is adamant that he " +#| "is not a brand. “To me, branding is the idea that you can take a thing " +#| "that has certain qualities, remove the qualities, and go on selling it,” " +#| "he said. “I’m not out there trying to figure out how to be a brand. I’m " +#| "doing this thing that animates me to work crazy insane hours because it’s " +#| "the most important thing I know how to do.”" +msgid "" +"Cory Doctorow hates the term <quote>business model,</quote> and he is " +"adamant that he is not a brand. <quote>To me, branding is the idea that you " +"can take a thing that has certain qualities, remove the qualities, and go on " +"selling it,</quote> he said. <quote>I’m not out there trying to figure out " +"how to be a brand. I’m doing this thing that animates me to work crazy " +"insane hours because it’s the most important thing I know how to do.</quote>" msgstr "" "Cory Doctorow hater begrepet «forretningsmodell», og han er ubøyelig på at " "han ikke er en merkevare. «For meg er merkevarebygging idéen om at du kan ta " @@ -8428,7 +9557,7 @@ msgstr "" "antall timer fordi det er det aller viktigste jeg vet hvordan skal gjøres»." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4407 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4414 msgid "" "Cory calls himself an entrepreneur. He likes to say his success came from " "making stuff people happened to like and then getting out of the way of them " @@ -8438,7 +9567,7 @@ msgstr "" "ting folk tilfeldigvis liker, for så å ikke være i veien når de deler det." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4412 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4419 msgid "" "He is a science fiction writer, activist, blogger, and journalist. " "Beginning with his first novel, Down and Out in the Magic Kingdom, in 2003, " @@ -8458,7 +9587,7 @@ msgstr "" "Internett-alderen." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4423 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4430 msgid "" "Cory primarily makes money by selling physical books, but he also takes on " "paid speaking gigs and is experimenting with pay-what-you-want models for " @@ -8469,7 +9598,22 @@ msgstr "" "modeller for sitt arbeid." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4428 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4435 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "While Cory’s extensive body of fiction work has a large following, he is " +#| "just as well known for his activism. He is an outspoken opponent of " +#| "restrictive copyright and digital-rights-management (DRM) technology used " +#| "to lock up content because he thinks both undermine creators and the " +#| "public interest. He is currently a special adviser at the Electronic " +#| "Frontier Foundation, where he is involved in a lawsuit challenging the U." +#| "S. law that protects DRM. Cory says his political work doesn’t directly " +#| "make him money, but if he gave it up, he thinks he would lose credibility " +#| "and, more importantly, lose the drive that propels him to create. “My " +#| "political work is a different expression of the same artistic-political " +#| "urge,” he said. “I have this suspicion that if I gave up the things that " +#| "didn’t make me money, the genuineness would leach out of what I do, and " +#| "the quality that causes people to like what I do would be gone.”" msgid "" "While Cory’s extensive body of fiction work has a large following, he is " "just as well known for his activism. He is an outspoken opponent of " @@ -8479,11 +9623,11 @@ msgid "" "Foundation, where he is involved in a lawsuit challenging the U.S. law that " "protects DRM. Cory says his political work doesn’t directly make him money, " "but if he gave it up, he thinks he would lose credibility and, more " -"importantly, lose the drive that propels him to create. “My political work " -"is a different expression of the same artistic-political urge,” he said. “I " -"have this suspicion that if I gave up the things that didn’t make me money, " -"the genuineness would leach out of what I do, and the quality that causes " -"people to like what I do would be gone.”" +"importantly, lose the drive that propels him to create. <quote>My political " +"work is a different expression of the same artistic-political urge,</quote> " +"he said. <quote>I have this suspicion that if I gave up the things that " +"didn’t make me money, the genuineness would leach out of what I do, and the " +"quality that causes people to like what I do would be gone.</quote>" msgstr "" "Mens Corys omfattende fiksjonsforfatterskap har en stor tilhengerskare, er " "han like godt kjent for sin aktivisme. Han er en frittalende motstander av " @@ -8501,18 +9645,31 @@ msgstr "" "det jeg gjør, ville bli borte»." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4445 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4452 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Cory has been financially successful, but money is not his primary " +#| "motivation. At the start of his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, " +#| "he stresses how important it is not to become an artist if your goal is " +#| "to get rich. “Entering the arts because you want to get rich is like " +#| "buying lottery tickets because you want to get rich,” he wrote. “It might " +#| "work, but it almost certainly won’t. Though, of course, someone always " +#| "wins the lottery.” He acknowledges that he is one of the lucky few to " +#| "“make it,” but he says he would be writing no matter what. “I am " +#| "compelled to write,” he wrote. “Long before I wrote to keep myself fed " +#| "and sheltered, I was writing to keep myself sane.”" msgid "" "Cory has been financially successful, but money is not his primary " "motivation. At the start of his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, he " "stresses how important it is not to become an artist if your goal is to get " -"rich. “Entering the arts because you want to get rich is like buying lottery " -"tickets because you want to get rich,” he wrote. “It might work, but it " -"almost certainly won’t. Though, of course, someone always wins the " -"lottery.” He acknowledges that he is one of the lucky few to “make it,” but " -"he says he would be writing no matter what. “I am compelled to write,” he " -"wrote. “Long before I wrote to keep myself fed and sheltered, I was writing " -"to keep myself sane.”" +"rich. <quote>Entering the arts because you want to get rich is like buying " +"lottery tickets because you want to get rich,</quote> he wrote. <quote>It " +"might work, but it almost certainly won’t. Though, of course, someone always " +"wins the lottery.</quote> He acknowledges that he is one of the lucky few to " +"<quote>make it,</quote> but he says he would be writing no matter what. " +"<quote>I am compelled to write,</quote> he wrote. <quote>Long before I " +"wrote to keep myself fed and sheltered, I was writing to keep myself sane.</" +"quote>" msgstr "" "Cory har blitt økonomisk vellykket, men penger er ikke hans viktigste " "motivasjon. I begynnelsen i boka «Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free» " @@ -8526,15 +9683,24 @@ msgstr "" "selv frisk»." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4458 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4466 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Just as money is not his primary motivation to create, money is not his " +#| "primary motivation to share. For Cory, sharing his work with Creative " +#| "Commons is a moral imperative. “It felt morally right,” he said of his " +#| "decision to adopt Creative Commons licenses. “I felt like I wasn’t " +#| "contributing to the culture of surveillance and censorship that has been " +#| "created to try to stop copying.” In other words, using CC licenses " +#| "symbolizes his worldview." msgid "" "Just as money is not his primary motivation to create, money is not his " "primary motivation to share. For Cory, sharing his work with Creative " -"Commons is a moral imperative. “It felt morally right,” he said of his " -"decision to adopt Creative Commons licenses. “I felt like I wasn’t " -"contributing to the culture of surveillance and censorship that has been " -"created to try to stop copying.” In other words, using CC licenses " -"symbolizes his worldview." +"Commons is a moral imperative. <quote>It felt morally right,</quote> he said " +"of his decision to adopt Creative Commons licenses. <quote>I felt like I " +"wasn’t contributing to the culture of surveillance and censorship that has " +"been created to try to stop copying.</quote> In other words, using CC " +"licenses symbolizes his worldview." msgstr "" "Akkurat som penger ikke er hans primære motivasjon for å skape, er penger " "ikke hans primære motivasjon for å dele. For Cory er å dele sitt arbeid med " @@ -8545,15 +9711,24 @@ msgstr "" "bruken av CC-lisenser hans verdensbilde." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4468 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4476 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "He also feels like there is a solid commercial basis for licensing his " +#| "work with Creative Commons. While he acknowledges he hasn’t been able to " +#| "do a controlled experiment to compare the commercial benefits of " +#| "licensing with CC against reserving all rights, he thinks he has sold " +#| "more books using a CC license than he would have without it. Cory says " +#| "his goal is to convince people they should pay him for his work. “I " +#| "started by not calling them thieves,” he said." msgid "" "He also feels like there is a solid commercial basis for licensing his work " "with Creative Commons. While he acknowledges he hasn’t been able to do a " "controlled experiment to compare the commercial benefits of licensing with " "CC against reserving all rights, he thinks he has sold more books using a CC " "license than he would have without it. Cory says his goal is to convince " -"people they should pay him for his work. “I started by not calling them " -"thieves,” he said." +"people they should pay him for his work. <quote>I started by not calling " +"them thieves,</quote> he said." msgstr "" "Han føler også at det finnes en solid kommersiell basis for lisensiering av " "sitt arbeid med Creative Commons. Mens han erkjenner at han ikke har vært i " @@ -8565,17 +9740,30 @@ msgstr "" "tyver», sa han." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4478 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4486 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Cory started using CC licenses soon after they were first created. At " +#| "the time his first novel came out, he says the science fiction genre was " +#| "overrun with people scanning and downloading books without permission. " +#| "When he and his publisher took a closer look at who was doing that sort " +#| "of thing online, they realized it looked a lot like book promotion. “I " +#| "knew there was a relationship between having enthusiastic readers and " +#| "having a successful career as a writer,” he said. “At the time, it took " +#| "eighty hours to OCR a book, which is a big effort. I decided to spare " +#| "them the time and energy, and give them the book for free in a format " +#| "destined to spread.”" msgid "" "Cory started using CC licenses soon after they were first created. At the " "time his first novel came out, he says the science fiction genre was overrun " "with people scanning and downloading books without permission. When he and " "his publisher took a closer look at who was doing that sort of thing online, " -"they realized it looked a lot like book promotion. “I knew there was a " +"they realized it looked a lot like book promotion. <quote>I knew there was a " "relationship between having enthusiastic readers and having a successful " -"career as a writer,” he said. “At the time, it took eighty hours to OCR a " -"book, which is a big effort. I decided to spare them the time and energy, " -"and give them the book for free in a format destined to spread.”" +"career as a writer,</quote> he said. <quote>At the time, it took eighty " +"hours to OCR a book, which is a big effort. I decided to spare them the time " +"and energy, and give them the book for free in a format destined to spread.</" +"quote>" msgstr "" "Cory startet bruken av CC-lisenser like etter at de var laget ferdige. Da " "hans første novelle kom ut, sa han at science fiction-sjangeren var misbrukt " @@ -8589,7 +9777,7 @@ msgstr "" "spredning»." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4491 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4499 msgid "" "Cory admits the stakes were pretty low for him when he first adopted " "Creative Commons licenses. He only had to sell two thousand copies of his " @@ -8604,13 +9792,20 @@ msgstr "" "sier de at det er som følge av hans etablerte forfatterskap." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4499 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4507 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "The bottom line, Cory says, is that no one has found a way to prevent " +#| "people from copying the stuff they like. Rather than fighting the tide, " +#| "Cory makes his work intrinsically shareable. “Getting the hell out of " +#| "the way for people who want to share their love of you with other people " +#| "sounds obvious, but it’s remarkable how many people don’t do it,” he said." msgid "" "The bottom line, Cory says, is that no one has found a way to prevent people " "from copying the stuff they like. Rather than fighting the tide, Cory makes " -"his work intrinsically shareable. “Getting the hell out of the way for " -"people who want to share their love of you with other people sounds obvious, " -"but it’s remarkable how many people don’t do it,” he said." +"his work intrinsically shareable. <quote>Getting the hell out of the way " +"for people who want to share their love of you with other people sounds " +"obvious, but it’s remarkable how many people don’t do it,</quote> he said." msgstr "" "I konklusjonen, sier Cory at ingen har funnet en måte å forhindre folk fra å " "kopiere ting de liker. Snarere enn å opptre naturstridig, gjør han sitt " @@ -8619,19 +9814,34 @@ msgstr "" "ut, men det er oppsiktsvekkende hvor mange som ikke synes det»." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4507 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4515 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Making his work available under Creative Commons licenses enables him to " +#| "view his biggest fans as his ambassadors. “Being open to fan activity " +#| "makes you part of the conversation about what fans do with your work and " +#| "how they interact with it,” he said. Cory’s own website routinely " +#| "highlights cool things his audience has done with his work. Unlike " +#| "corporations like Disney that tend to have a hands-off relationship with " +#| "their fan activity, he has a symbiotic relationship with his audience. " +#| "“Engaging with your audience can’t guarantee you success,” he said. “And " +#| "Disney is an example of being able to remain aloof and still being the " +#| "most successful company in the creative industry in history. But I figure " +#| "my likelihood of being Disney is pretty slim, so I should take all the " +#| "help I can get.”" msgid "" "Making his work available under Creative Commons licenses enables him to " -"view his biggest fans as his ambassadors. “Being open to fan activity makes " -"you part of the conversation about what fans do with your work and how they " -"interact with it,” he said. Cory’s own website routinely highlights cool " -"things his audience has done with his work. Unlike corporations like Disney " -"that tend to have a hands-off relationship with their fan activity, he has a " -"symbiotic relationship with his audience. “Engaging with your audience can’t " -"guarantee you success,” he said. “And Disney is an example of being able to " -"remain aloof and still being the most successful company in the creative " -"industry in history. But I figure my likelihood of being Disney is pretty " -"slim, so I should take all the help I can get.”" +"view his biggest fans as his ambassadors. <quote>Being open to fan activity " +"makes you part of the conversation about what fans do with your work and how " +"they interact with it,</quote> he said. Cory’s own website routinely " +"highlights cool things his audience has done with his work. Unlike " +"corporations like Disney that tend to have a hands-off relationship with " +"their fan activity, he has a symbiotic relationship with his audience. " +"<quote>Engaging with your audience can’t guarantee you success,</quote> he " +"said. <quote>And Disney is an example of being able to remain aloof and " +"still being the most successful company in the creative industry in history. " +"But I figure my likelihood of being Disney is pretty slim, so I should take " +"all the help I can get.</quote>" msgstr "" "Ved å gjøre sitt arbeid tilgjengelig med CC-lisenser gjør at han kan se på " "sine mest ihuga tilhengere som sine ambassadører. «Å være åpen for fan-" @@ -8646,7 +9856,7 @@ msgstr "" "som Disney er heller liten, så jeg bør ta all den hjelp jeg kan få»." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4522 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4530 msgid "" "His first book was published under the most restrictive Creative Commons " "license, Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC BY-NC-ND). It allows only " @@ -8673,7 +9883,20 @@ msgstr "" "finnes uprofesjonelle oversettelser tilgjengelig gratis." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4537 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4545 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "In his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, Cory likens his " +#| "philosophy to thinking like a dandelion. Dandelions produce thousands of " +#| "seeds each spring, and they are blown into the air going in every " +#| "direction. The strategy is to maximize the number of blind chances the " +#| "dandelion has for continuing its genetic line. Similarly, he says there " +#| "are lots of people out there who may want to buy creative work or " +#| "compensate authors for it in some other way. “The more places your work " +#| "can find itself, the greater the likelihood that it will find one of " +#| "those would-be customers in some unsuspected crack in the metaphorical " +#| "pavement,” he wrote. “The copies that others make of my work cost me " +#| "nothing, and present the possibility that I’ll get something.”" msgid "" "In his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, Cory likens his philosophy " "to thinking like a dandelion. Dandelions produce thousands of seeds each " @@ -8681,11 +9904,11 @@ msgid "" "strategy is to maximize the number of blind chances the dandelion has for " "continuing its genetic line. Similarly, he says there are lots of people out " "there who may want to buy creative work or compensate authors for it in some " -"other way. “The more places your work can find itself, the greater the " +"other way. <quote>The more places your work can find itself, the greater the " "likelihood that it will find one of those would-be customers in some " -"unsuspected crack in the metaphorical pavement,” he wrote. “The copies that " -"others make of my work cost me nothing, and present the possibility that " -"I’ll get something.”" +"unsuspected crack in the metaphorical pavement,</quote> he wrote. <quote>The " +"copies that others make of my work cost me nothing, and present the " +"possibility that I’ll get something.</quote>" msgstr "" "I sin bok «Information Doesn't Want to Be Free», sammenligner Cory sin " "filosofi med løvetannen. De produserer tusener av frø hver vår, og de blåses " @@ -8699,15 +9922,26 @@ msgstr "" "noe tilbake»." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4551 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4560 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Applying a CC license to his work increases the chances it will be shared " +#| "more widely around the Web. He avoids DRM—and openly opposes the practice—" +#| "for similar reasons. DRM has the effect of tying a work to a particular " +#| "platform. This digital lock, in turn, strips the authors of control over " +#| "their own work and hands that control over to the platform. He calls it " +#| "Cory’s First Law: “Anytime someone puts a lock on something that belongs " +#| "to you and won’t give you the key, that lock isn’t there for your " +#| "benefit.”" msgid "" "Applying a CC license to his work increases the chances it will be shared " "more widely around the Web. He avoids DRM—and openly opposes the practice—" "for similar reasons. DRM has the effect of tying a work to a particular " "platform. This digital lock, in turn, strips the authors of control over " "their own work and hands that control over to the platform. He calls it " -"Cory’s First Law: “Anytime someone puts a lock on something that belongs to " -"you and won’t give you the key, that lock isn’t there for your benefit.”" +"Cory’s First Law: <quote>Anytime someone puts a lock on something that " +"belongs to you and won’t give you the key, that lock isn’t there for your " +"benefit.</quote>" msgstr "" "Bruk av en CC-lisens i sitt arbeid øker sjansen for at det skal deles viden " "rundt på nettet. Han unngår DRM (Digital rights management) – og nytter " @@ -8719,16 +9953,26 @@ msgstr "" "deg nøkkelen, er den ikke der i hensikt å gagne deg»." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4561 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4571 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Cory operates under the premise that artists benefit when there are more, " +#| "rather than fewer, places where people can access their work. The " +#| "Internet has opened up those avenues, but DRM is designed to limit them. " +#| "“On the one hand, we can credibly make our work available to a widely " +#| "dispersed audience,” he said. “On the other hand, the intermediaries we " +#| "historically sold to are making it harder to go around them.” Cory " +#| "continually looks for ways to reach his audience without relying upon " +#| "major platforms that will try to take control over his work." msgid "" "Cory operates under the premise that artists benefit when there are more, " "rather than fewer, places where people can access their work. The Internet " -"has opened up those avenues, but DRM is designed to limit them. “On the one " -"hand, we can credibly make our work available to a widely dispersed " -"audience,” he said. “On the other hand, the intermediaries we historically " -"sold to are making it harder to go around them.” Cory continually looks for " -"ways to reach his audience without relying upon major platforms that will " -"try to take control over his work." +"has opened up those avenues, but DRM is designed to limit them. <quote>On " +"the one hand, we can credibly make our work available to a widely dispersed " +"audience,</quote> he said. <quote>On the other hand, the intermediaries we " +"historically sold to are making it harder to go around them.</quote> Cory " +"continually looks for ways to reach his audience without relying upon major " +"platforms that will try to take control over his work." msgstr "" "Cory opererer under premisset at artister nyter godt av flere, snarere enn " "færre plasser tilgjengelig for sitt arbeid. Internett har åpnet opp disse " @@ -8740,7 +9984,7 @@ msgstr "" "kontrollen over hans arbeid." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4572 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4582 msgid "" "Cory says his e-book sales have been lower than those of his competitors, " "and he attributes some of that to the CC license making the work available " @@ -8761,16 +10005,26 @@ msgstr "" "eget betal-hva-du-vil -eksperiment ut i livet snart." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4583 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4593 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Fans are particularly willing to pay when they feel personally connected " +#| "to the artist. Cory works hard to create that personal connection. One " +#| "way he does this is by personally answering every single email he gets. " +#| "“If you look at the history of artists, most die in penury,” he said. " +#| "“That reality means that for artists, we have to find ways to support " +#| "ourselves when public tastes shift, when copyright stops producing. " +#| "Future-proofing your artistic career in many ways means figuring out how " +#| "to stay connected to those people who have been touched by your work.”" msgid "" "Fans are particularly willing to pay when they feel personally connected to " "the artist. Cory works hard to create that personal connection. One way he " -"does this is by personally answering every single email he gets. “If you " -"look at the history of artists, most die in penury,” he said. “That reality " -"means that for artists, we have to find ways to support ourselves when " -"public tastes shift, when copyright stops producing. Future-proofing your " -"artistic career in many ways means figuring out how to stay connected to " -"those people who have been touched by your work.”" +"does this is by personally answering every single email he gets. <quote>If " +"you look at the history of artists, most die in penury,</quote> he said. " +"<quote>That reality means that for artists, we have to find ways to support " +"ourselves when public tastes shift, when copyright stops producing. Future-" +"proofing your artistic career in many ways means figuring out how to stay " +"connected to those people who have been touched by your work.</quote>" msgstr "" "Tilhengere er i særdeleshet villig til å betale når de føler seg personlig " "knyttet til artisten. Cory arbeider hardt for å knytte de personlige " @@ -8783,13 +10037,20 @@ msgstr "" "har blitt rørt av ditt arbeid»." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4594 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4605 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Cory’s realism about the difficulty of making a living in the arts does " +#| "not reflect pessimism about the Internet age. Instead, he says the fact " +#| "that it is hard to make a living as an artist is nothing new. What is " +#| "new, he writes in his book, “is how many ways there are to make things, " +#| "and to get them into other people’s hands and minds.”" msgid "" "Cory’s realism about the difficulty of making a living in the arts does not " "reflect pessimism about the Internet age. Instead, he says the fact that it " "is hard to make a living as an artist is nothing new. What is new, he writes " -"in his book, “is how many ways there are to make things, and to get them " -"into other people’s hands and minds.”" +"in his book, <quote>is how many ways there are to make things, and to get " +"them into other people’s hands and minds.</quote>" msgstr "" "Corys realisme om vanskeligheten rundt det å leve av kunsten gjør seg ikke " "gjeldende som pessimisme rundt internettalderen. Isteden sier han at det " @@ -8798,17 +10059,17 @@ msgstr "" "ting på, og hvordan man får dem inn i andre folks sinn og hender»." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4602 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4613 msgid "It has never been easier to think like a dandelion." msgstr "Det har aldri vært lettere å rette tankene i løvetannens baner." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4606 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4617 msgid "Figshare" msgstr "Figshare" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4609 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4620 msgid "" "Figshare is a for-profit company offering an online repository where " "researchers can preserve and share the output of their research, including " @@ -8820,12 +10081,12 @@ msgstr "" "i Storbritannia." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4615 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4626 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://figshare.com\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://figshare.com\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4617 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4628 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: platform providing paid " "services to creators" @@ -8834,19 +10095,19 @@ msgstr "" "betalte tjenester til innholdsleverandører" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4620 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4631 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: January 28, 2016" msgstr "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Dato for intervju</emphasis>: 28. januar 2016" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4623 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4634 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Mark Hahnel, founder" msgstr "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Intervjuet</emphasis>: Mark Hahnel, grunnlegger" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4631 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4642 msgid "" "Figshare’s mission is to change the face of academic publishing through " "improved dissemination, discoverability, and reusability of scholarly " @@ -8867,7 +10128,7 @@ msgstr "" "vitenskapelig disiplinpublisering ikke tillater." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4642 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4653 msgid "" "Figshare founder Mark Hahnel often gets asked: How do you make money? How do " "we know you’ll be here in five years? Can you, as a for-profit venture, be " @@ -8878,7 +10139,7 @@ msgstr "" "fortjeneste, være å stole på? Svarene har utviklet seg over tid." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4647 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4658 msgid "" "Mark traces the origins of Figshare back to when he was a graduate student " "getting his PhD in stem cell biology. His research involved working with " @@ -8896,7 +10157,7 @@ msgstr "" "hans karrière." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4656 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4667 msgid "" "Mark does not consider himself an advanced software programmer. " "Fortunately, things like cloud-based computing and wikis had become " @@ -8909,7 +10170,7 @@ msgstr "" "dele det med alle. Dernest begynte han å arbeide med en løsning." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4663 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4674 msgid "" "There were two key needs: licenses to make the data citable, and persistent " "identifiers— URL links that always point back to the original object " @@ -8920,7 +10181,7 @@ msgstr "" "originalobjektet for å sikre at forskningen kan siteres på lang sikt." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4669 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4680 msgid "" "Mark chose Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs) to meet the need for a " "persistent identifier. In the DOI system, an object’s metadata is stored as " @@ -8937,7 +10198,7 @@ msgstr "" "DataCite for å tilby DOI-er for forskningsdata." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4678 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4689 msgid "" "As for licenses, Mark chose Creative Commons. The open-access and open-" "science communities were already using and recommending Creative Commons. " @@ -8952,7 +10213,7 @@ msgstr "" "BY (Attribution) for figurer, videoer og datasett." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4686 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4697 msgid "" "So Mark began using DOIs and Creative Commons for his own research work. He " "had a science blog where he wrote about it and made all his data open. " @@ -8965,7 +10226,7 @@ msgstr "" "han åpnet det opp for dem også." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4692 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4703 msgid "" "People liked the interface and simple upload process. People started asking " "if they could also share theses, grant proposals, and code. Inclusion of " @@ -8981,7 +10242,7 @@ msgstr "" "kan også brukes." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4700 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4711 msgid "" "Mark sought investment to make this into a scalable product. After a few " "unsuccessful funding pitches, UK-based Digital Science expressed interest " @@ -8998,7 +10259,17 @@ msgstr "" "betaler for premiumfordeler, funksjonalitet eller virtuelle eiendeler.)" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4707 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4718 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Under the freemium model, academics upload their research to Figshare for " +#| "storage and sharing for free. Each research object is licensed with " +#| "Creative Commons and receives a DOI link. The premium option charges " +#| "researchers a fee for gigabytes of private storage space, and for private " +#| "online space designed for a set number of research collaborators, which " +#| "is ideal for larger teams and geographically dispersed research groups. " +#| "Figshare sums up its value proposition to researchers as “You retain " +#| "ownership. You license it. You get credit. We just make sure it persists.”" msgid "" "Under the freemium model, academics upload their research to Figshare for " "storage and sharing for free. Each research object is licensed with Creative " @@ -9006,8 +10277,8 @@ msgid "" "fee for gigabytes of private storage space, and for private online space " "designed for a set number of research collaborators, which is ideal for " "larger teams and geographically dispersed research groups. Figshare sums up " -"its value proposition to researchers as “You retain ownership. You license " -"it. You get credit. We just make sure it persists.”" +"its value proposition to researchers as <quote>You retain ownership. You " +"license it. You get credit. We just make sure it persists.</quote>" msgstr "" "Under freemium-modellen laster akademikere gratis opp forskningen sin til " "Figshare for lagring og deling. Hvert forskningsobjekt er lisensiert med " @@ -9020,7 +10291,7 @@ msgstr "" "sikrer bare at det varer»." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4718 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4730 msgid "" "In January 2012, Figshare was launched. (The fig in Figshare stands for " "figures.) Using investment funds, Mark made significant improvements to " @@ -9039,7 +10310,7 @@ msgstr "" "gi dem denne funksjonaliteten." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4728 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4740 msgid "" "Figshare diversified its business model to include services for journals. " "Figshare began hosting large amounts of data for the journals’ online " @@ -9066,7 +10337,7 @@ msgstr "" "overbevist dem om å bruke Creative Commons-lisenser for dataene." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4742 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4754 msgid "" "Governments allocate significant public funds to research. In parallel with " "the launch of Figshare, governments around the world began requesting the " @@ -9085,7 +10356,7 @@ msgstr "" "og lagt til tjenester for institusjoner." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4752 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4764 msgid "" "Figshare now offers a range of fee-based services to institutions, including " "their own minibranded Figshare space (called Figshare for Institutions) that " @@ -9104,7 +10375,7 @@ msgstr "" "bibliotekarer og administratorer, samt av forskerne." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4762 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4774 msgid "" "As with researchers and publishers, Fig-share encouraged institutions to " "share their research with CC BY (Attribution) and their data with CC0 (into " @@ -9127,7 +10398,7 @@ msgstr "" "(Attribution-ShareAlike) eller CC BY-ND (Attribution-NoDerivs)." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4775 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4787 msgid "" "For Mark this created a conflict. On the one hand, the principles and " "benefits of open science are at the heart of Figshare, and Mark believes CC " @@ -9146,7 +10417,7 @@ msgstr "" "noen negative konsekvenser, bestemte han seg å følge etter." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4785 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4797 msgid "" "Mark is thinking of doing a Figshare study that tracks research " "dissemination according to Creative Commons license, and gathering metrics " @@ -9162,7 +10433,7 @@ msgstr "" "flere forskere og institusjoner vil gjøre den til sin valgte lisens." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4798 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4810 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://figshare.com/articles/" "Journal_subscription_costs_FOIs_to_UK_universities/1186832\"/>" @@ -9171,7 +10442,7 @@ msgstr "" "Journal_subscription_costs_FOIs_to_UK_universities/1186832\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4801 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4813 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://retr0.shinyapps.io/journal_costs/?year=2014&" "inst=19,22,38,42,59,64,80,95,136\"/>" @@ -9180,7 +10451,7 @@ msgstr "" "inst=19,22,38,42,59,64,80,95,136\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4793 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4805 msgid "" "Figshare has an Application Programming Interface (API) that makes it " "possible for data to be pulled from Figshare and used in other applications. " @@ -9203,7 +10474,7 @@ msgstr "" "\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4804 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4816 msgid "" "The free version of Figshare has built a community of academics, who through " "word of mouth and presentations have promoted and spread awareness of " @@ -9225,12 +10496,12 @@ msgstr "" "Creative Commons-lisenser." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4819 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4831 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://figshare.com/features\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://figshare.com/features\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4815 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4827 msgid "" "Mark says his success is partly about being in the right place at the right " "time. He also believes that the diversification of Figshare’s model over " @@ -9245,15 +10516,15 @@ msgstr "" "Mark sier at suksessen handler delvis om å være på rett sted til rett tid. " "Han tror også at oppdelingen av Figshare sin modell over tid har vært " "nøkkelen til suksess. Figshare tilbyr nå et helhetlig tjenestetilbud til " -"forskere, forleggere, og institusjoner.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"" -"0\"/> Hvis han hadde begrenset seg til inntjening fra «premium»-" +"forskere, forleggere, og institusjoner.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" +"\"0\"/> Hvis han hadde begrenset seg til inntjening fra «premium»-" "abonnementer, tror han det ville blitt vanskelig for Figshare.Til å begynne " "med var deres hovedbrukere akademikere i starten og slutten av karrièren. " "Det har kun vært fordi kronerullerne krevde åpen lisensiering at Figshare nå " "brukes av allmenningen." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4826 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4838 msgid "" "Today Figshare has 26 million–plus page views, 7.5 million–plus downloads, " "800,000–plus user uploads, 2 million–plus articles, 500,000-plus " @@ -9268,7 +10539,7 @@ msgstr "" "bruken av Figshare av andre, inkludert Wikipedia og nyhetskilder." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4834 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4846 msgid "" "Figshare uses the revenue it generates from the premium subscribers, journal " "publishers, and institutions to fund and expand what it can offer to " @@ -9294,12 +10565,12 @@ msgstr "" "stand til å samarbeide og gjøre nye funn." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4849 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4861 msgid "Figure.NZ" msgstr "Figure.NZ" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4852 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4864 msgid "" "Figure.NZ is a nonprofit charity that makes an online data platform designed " "to make data reusable and easy to understand. Founded in 2012 in New " @@ -9309,12 +10580,12 @@ msgstr "" "dataplattform myntet på å gjøre data gjenbrukbar og enkel å forstå seg på." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4857 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4869 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://figure.nz\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://figure.nz\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4859 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4871 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: platform providing paid " "services to creators, donations, sponsorships" @@ -9323,19 +10594,19 @@ msgstr "" "betalte tjenester til skapere, bidragsytere, sponsing" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4862 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4874 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: May 3, 2016" msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Dato for intervju</emphasis>: 3. mai 2016" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4864 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4876 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Lillian Grace, founder" msgstr "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Intervjuet</emphasis>: Lillian Grace, grunnlegger" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4873 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4885 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.nzdatafutures.org.nz/sites/default/files/" "NZDFF_harness-the-power.pdf\"/>" @@ -9344,7 +10615,7 @@ msgstr "" "NZDFF_harness-the-power.pdf\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4872 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4884 msgid "" "In the paper Harnessing the Economic and Social Power of Data presented at " "the New Zealand Data Futures Forum in 2014,<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" @@ -9382,16 +10653,26 @@ msgstr "" "spesielt fokus på New Zealand." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4891 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4903 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Lillian had the idea for Figure.NZ in February 2012 while working for the " +#| "New Zealand Institute, a think tank concerned with improving economic " +#| "prosperity, social well-being, environmental quality, and environmental " +#| "productivity for New Zealand and New Zealanders. While giving talks to " +#| "community and business groups, Lillian realized “every single issue we " +#| "addressed would have been easier to deal with if more people understood " +#| "the basic facts.” But understanding the basic facts sometimes requires " +#| "data and research that you often have to pay for." msgid "" "Lillian had the idea for Figure.NZ in February 2012 while working for the " "New Zealand Institute, a think tank concerned with improving economic " "prosperity, social well-being, environmental quality, and environmental " "productivity for New Zealand and New Zealanders. While giving talks to " -"community and business groups, Lillian realized “every single issue we " +"community and business groups, Lillian realized <quote>every single issue we " "addressed would have been easier to deal with if more people understood the " -"basic facts.” But understanding the basic facts sometimes requires data and " -"research that you often have to pay for." +"basic facts.</quote> But understanding the basic facts sometimes requires " +"data and research that you often have to pay for." msgstr "" "Lillian fikk ideen til Figure.NZ i februar 2012 mens hun jobbet for New " "Zealand Institute, en tenketank som var opptatt av bedret økonomisk " @@ -9403,7 +10684,7 @@ msgstr "" "du ofte må betale for." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4902 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4914 msgid "" "Lillian began to imagine a website that lifted data up to a visual form that " "could be easily understood and freely accessed. Initially launched as Wiki " @@ -9428,7 +10709,7 @@ msgstr "" "tjenester til dem som ønsker å åpne sine data, og presentere dem visuelt." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4916 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4928 msgid "" "Here’s how it works. Figure.NZ sources data from other organizations, " "including corporations, public repositories, government departments, and " @@ -9459,7 +10740,7 @@ msgstr "" "lenge de henviser til den opprinnelige kilden og Figure.NZ." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4942 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4954 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.ict.govt.nz/guidance-and-resources/open-government/" "new-zealand-government-open-access-and-licensing-nzgoal-framework/\"/>" @@ -9468,7 +10749,7 @@ msgstr "" "new-zealand-government-open-access-and-licensing-nzgoal-framework/\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4933 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4945 msgid "" "Lillian characterizes the initial decision to use Creative Commons as " "naively fortunate. It was first recommended to her by a colleague. Lillian " @@ -9499,7 +10780,7 @@ msgstr "" "Creative Commons-lisensiert, noe som passer fint til Figure.NZs beslutning." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4949 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4961 msgid "" "Lillian thinks current ideas of what a business is are relatively new, only " "a hundred years old or so. She’s convinced that twenty years from now, we " @@ -9524,7 +10805,7 @@ msgstr "" "vokter og pålitelig kilde." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4962 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4974 msgid "" "Although Figure.NZ is a social enterprise that openly licenses their data " "and graphs for everyone to use for free, they have taken care not to be " @@ -9559,7 +10840,7 @@ msgstr "" "gjøre seg forskjellig, og knytte sin merkevare til det hele." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4981 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4993 msgid "" "Figure.NZ spends a lot of time seeking to understand the motivations of data " "collectors and to identify the channels where it can provide value. Every " @@ -9572,7 +10853,7 @@ msgstr "" "få verdi fra dataene og de visuelle fremstillingene." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4987 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4999 msgid "" "Figure.NZ has multiple lines of business. They provide commercial services " "to organizations that want their data publicly available and want to use " @@ -9601,18 +10882,30 @@ msgstr "" "nettsted gratis for alle brukere, og virkelig demokratisere data." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5003 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5015 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Lillian notes that the current state of most data is terrible and often " +#| "not well understood by the people who have it. This sometimes makes it " +#| "difficult for customers and Figure.NZ to figure out what it would cost to " +#| "import, standardize, and display that data in a useful way. To deal with " +#| "this, Figure.NZ uses “high-trust contracts,” where customers allocate a " +#| "certain budget to the task that Figure.NZ is then free to draw from, as " +#| "long as Figure.NZ frequently reports on what they’ve produced so the " +#| "customer can determine the value for money. This strategy has helped " +#| "build trust and transparency about the level of effort associated with " +#| "doing work that has never been done before." msgid "" "Lillian notes that the current state of most data is terrible and often not " "well understood by the people who have it. This sometimes makes it difficult " "for customers and Figure.NZ to figure out what it would cost to import, " "standardize, and display that data in a useful way. To deal with this, " -"Figure.NZ uses “high-trust contracts,” where customers allocate a certain " -"budget to the task that Figure.NZ is then free to draw from, as long as " -"Figure.NZ frequently reports on what they’ve produced so the customer can " -"determine the value for money. This strategy has helped build trust and " -"transparency about the level of effort associated with doing work that has " -"never been done before." +"Figure.NZ uses <quote>high-trust contracts,</quote> where customers allocate " +"a certain budget to the task that Figure.NZ is then free to draw from, as " +"long as Figure.NZ frequently reports on what they’ve produced so the " +"customer can determine the value for money. This strategy has helped build " +"trust and transparency about the level of effort associated with doing work " +"that has never been done before." msgstr "" "Lillian gjør seg den merknaden at tilstanden på det meste av data er lite å " "se til, og ikke godt forstått av dem som har dem. Dette gjør det noen ganger " @@ -9626,12 +10919,12 @@ msgstr "" "gjort før." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5021 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5034 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://figure.nz/business/\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://figure.nz/business/\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5016 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5029 msgid "" "A second line of business is what Figure.NZ calls partners. ASB Bank and " "Statistics New Zealand are partners who back Figure.NZ’s efforts. As one " @@ -9647,12 +10940,12 @@ msgstr "" "stille.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5024 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5037 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://figure.nz/patrons/\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://figure.nz/patrons/\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5024 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5037 msgid "" "Figure.NZ also has patrons.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Patrons " "donate to topic areas they care about, directly enabling Figure.NZ to get " @@ -9665,7 +10958,7 @@ msgstr "" "innvirkning på hva som tas med eller ekskluderes." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5030 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5043 msgid "" "Figure.NZ also accepts philanthropic donations, which are used to provide " "more content, extend technology, and improve services, or are targeted to " @@ -9678,7 +10971,7 @@ msgstr "" "skattefritatt." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5036 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5049 msgid "" "Figure.NZ has morphed and grown over time. With data aggregation, curation, " "and visualizing services all in-house, Figure.NZ has developed a deep " @@ -9701,7 +10994,7 @@ msgstr "" "eksterne tilknytninger." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5048 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5061 msgid "" "Figure.NZ’s website displays visuals and data associated with a wide range " "of categories including crime, economy, education, employment, energy, " @@ -9720,7 +11013,7 @@ msgstr "" "opplevelser, ikke brukermanualer." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5058 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5071 msgid "" "Figure.NZ believes data and visuals should be useful. They provide their " "customers with a data collection template and teach them why it’s important " @@ -9745,7 +11038,7 @@ msgstr "" "tolke data om emnene de er interessert i." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5072 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5085 msgid "" "Lillian has a deep and profound vision for Figure.NZ that goes well beyond " "simply providing open-data services. She says things are different now. “We " @@ -9762,7 +11055,7 @@ msgstr "" "andre, om det så var på vegne av et land eller selskaper." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5081 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5094 msgid "" "“But now we live in a world where it’s really easy to share information " "widely and also to communicate widely. In the world we live in now, the best " @@ -9774,7 +11067,7 @@ msgstr "" "informasjon»." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5087 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5100 msgid "" "“The use of numbers and data as a way of making well-informed decisions is " "one of the areas where there is the biggest gaps. We don’t really use " @@ -9785,7 +11078,7 @@ msgstr "" "ikke tall som en del av vår tenkning og forståelse ennå»." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5093 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5106 msgid "" "“Part of the reason is the way data is spread across hundreds of sites. In " "addition, for the most part, deep thinking based on data is constrained to " @@ -9806,7 +11099,7 @@ msgstr "" "kan analysere og tenke med tall»." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5104 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5117 msgid "" "“Figure.NZ may be the first organization to assert that everyone can use " "numbers in their thinking, and it’s built a technological platform along " @@ -9819,14 +11112,24 @@ msgstr "" "Figure.NZ er titusenvis av grafer, kart og data»." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5111 -msgid "" -"“Figure.NZ sees this as a new kind of alphabet that can help people analyze " -"what they see around them. A way to be thoughtful and informed about " +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5124 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "“Figure.NZ sees this as a new kind of alphabet that can help people " +#| "analyze what they see around them. A way to be thoughtful and informed " +#| "about society. A means of engaging in conversation and shaping decision " +#| "making that transcends personal experience. The long-term value and " +#| "impact is almost impossible to measure, but the goal is to help citizens " +#| "gain understanding and work together in more informed ways to shape the " +#| "future.”" +msgid "" +"<quote>Figure.NZ sees this as a new kind of alphabet that can help people " +"analyze what they see around them. A way to be thoughtful and informed about " "society. A means of engaging in conversation and shaping decision making " "that transcends personal experience. The long-term value and impact is " "almost impossible to measure, but the goal is to help citizens gain " -"understanding and work together in more informed ways to shape the future.”" +"understanding and work together in more informed ways to shape the future.</" +"quote>" msgstr "" "«Figure.NZ ser dette som et slags nytt alfabet som kan hjelpe folk å " "analysere det de ser rundt seg. En måte å reflektere omkring " @@ -9837,13 +11140,20 @@ msgstr "" "fremtiden»." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5120 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5133 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Lillian sees Figure.NZ’s model as having global potential. But for now, " +#| "their focus is completely on making Figure.NZ work in New Zealand and to " +#| "get the “network effect”— users dramatically increasing value for " +#| "themselves and for others through use of their service. Creative Commons " +#| "is core to making the network effect possible." msgid "" "Lillian sees Figure.NZ’s model as having global potential. But for now, " "their focus is completely on making Figure.NZ work in New Zealand and to get " -"the “network effect”— users dramatically increasing value for themselves and " -"for others through use of their service. Creative Commons is core to making " -"the network effect possible." +"the <quote>network effect</quote>— users dramatically increasing value for " +"themselves and for others through use of their service. Creative Commons is " +"core to making the network effect possible." msgstr "" "Lillian ser Figure.NZs modell i lys av å ha et globalt potensiale. Uansett " "er deres fokus nå fullt ut utførelsen av Figure.NZs arbeid i New Zealand, og " @@ -9852,12 +11162,12 @@ msgstr "" "gjør denne nettverkseffekten mulig." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5129 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5142 msgid "Knowledge Unlatched" msgstr "Knowledge Unlatched" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5132 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5145 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched is a not-for-profit community interest company that " "brings libraries together to pool funds to publish open-access books. " @@ -9868,12 +11178,12 @@ msgstr "" "Grunnlagt 2012 i Storbritannia." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5137 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5150 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://knowledgeunlatched.org\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://knowledgeunlatched.org\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5139 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5152 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: crowdfunding " "(specialized)" @@ -9882,22 +11192,37 @@ msgstr "" "(spesialisert)" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5142 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5155 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 26, 2016" msgstr "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Dato for intervju</emphasis>: 26. februar 2016" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5145 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5158 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Frances Pinter, founder" msgstr "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Intervjuet</emphasis>: Frances Pinter, grunnlegger" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5153 -msgid "" -"The serial entrepreneur Dr. Frances Pinter has been at the forefront of " +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5166 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "The serial entrepreneur Dr. Frances Pinter has been at the forefront of " +#| "innovation in the publishing industry for nearly forty years. She founded " +#| "the UK-based Knowledge Unlatched with a mission to enable open access to " +#| "scholarly books. For Frances, the current scholarly- book-publishing " +#| "system is not working for anyone, and especially not for monographs in " +#| "the humanities and social sciences. Knowledge Unlatched is committed to " +#| "changing this and has been working with libraries to create a sustainable " +#| "alternative model for publishing scholarly books, sharing the cost of " +#| "making monographs (released under a Creative Commons license) and " +#| "savings costs over the long term. Since its launch, Knowledge Unlatched " +#| "has received several awards, including the IFLA/Brill Open Access award " +#| "in 2014 and a Curtin University Commercial Innovation Award for " +#| "Innovation in Education in 2015." +msgid "" +"The serial entrepreneur Dr. Frances Pinter has been at the forefront of " "innovation in the publishing industry for nearly forty years. She founded " "the UK-based Knowledge Unlatched with a mission to enable open access to " "scholarly books. For Frances, the current scholarly- book-publishing system " @@ -9924,9 +11249,15 @@ msgstr "" "Innovation Award-pris for innovasjon i utdanning i 2015." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5169 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5182 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Dr. Pinter has been in academic publishing most of her career. About ten " +#| "years ago, she became acquainted with the Creative Commons founder " +#| "Lawrence Lessig and got interested in Creative Commons as a tool for both " +#| "protecting content online and distributing it free to users." msgid "" -"Dr. Pinter has been in academic publishing most of her career. About ten " +"Dr. Pinter has been in academic publishing most of her career. About ten " "years ago, she became acquainted with the Creative Commons founder Lawrence " "Lessig and got interested in Creative Commons as a tool for both protecting " "content online and distributing it free to users." @@ -9937,7 +11268,7 @@ msgstr "" "både å beskytte innhold på nettet, og fordele det gratis for brukere." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5176 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5189 msgid "" "Not long after, she ran a project in Africa convincing publishers in Uganda " "and South Africa to put some of their content online for free using a " @@ -9950,7 +11281,7 @@ msgstr "" "ned." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5182 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5195 msgid "" "In 2008, Bloomsbury Academic, a new imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing in the " "United Kingdom, appointed her its founding publisher in London. As part of " @@ -9982,14 +11313,22 @@ msgstr "" "for det trykte formatet." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5199 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5212 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Frances began to look at customer interest in the three forms of the " +#| "book: 1) the Creative Commons–licensed free online book in PDF form, 2) " +#| "the printed book, and 3) a digital version of the book on an aggregator " +#| "platform with enhanced features. She thought of this as the “ice cream " +#| "model”: the free PDF was vanilla ice cream, the printed book was an ice " +#| "cream cone, and the enhanced e-book was an ice cream sundae." msgid "" "Frances began to look at customer interest in the three forms of the book: " "1) the Creative Commons–licensed free online book in PDF form, 2) the " "printed book, and 3) a digital version of the book on an aggregator platform " -"with enhanced features. She thought of this as the “ice cream model”: the " -"free PDF was vanilla ice cream, the printed book was an ice cream cone, and " -"the enhanced e-book was an ice cream sundae." +"with enhanced features. She thought of this as the <quote>ice cream model</" +"quote>: the free PDF was vanilla ice cream, the printed book was an ice " +"cream cone, and the enhanced e-book was an ice cream sundae." msgstr "" "Frances begynte å se på kundens interesse i tre former av boken: 1) Creative " "Commons-lisensierte gratis online-bok i PDF-skjemaet, 2) den trykte boken, " @@ -9999,7 +11338,7 @@ msgstr "" "iskrem sundae." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5208 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5221 msgid "" "After a while, Frances had an epiphany—what if there was a way to get " "libraries to underwrite the costs of making these books up until they’re " @@ -10016,13 +11355,20 @@ msgstr "" "boken - kjeksisen eller iskuler med pynt." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5217 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5230 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "This idea is similar to the article-processing charge some open-access " +#| "journals charge researchers to cover publishing costs. Frances began to " +#| "imagine a coalition of libraries paying for the prepress costs—a “book-" +#| "processing charge”—and providing everyone in the world with an open-" +#| "access version of the books released under a Creative Commons license." msgid "" "This idea is similar to the article-processing charge some open-access " "journals charge researchers to cover publishing costs. Frances began to " -"imagine a coalition of libraries paying for the prepress costs—a “book-" -"processing charge”—and providing everyone in the world with an open-access " -"version of the books released under a Creative Commons license." +"imagine a coalition of libraries paying for the prepress costs—a <quote>book-" +"processing charge</quote>—and providing everyone in the world with an open-" +"access version of the books released under a Creative Commons license." msgstr "" "Denne ideen likner betalingen for artikkelbehandlingen som tidsskifter med " "åpen tilgang krever av forskere for å dekke publiseringskostnadene. Frances " @@ -10031,7 +11377,7 @@ msgstr "" "versjon av bøker utgitt med en Creative Commons-lisens." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5225 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5238 msgid "" "This idea really took hold in her mind. She didn’t really have a name for it " "but began talking about it and making presentations to see if there was " @@ -10052,7 +11398,7 @@ msgstr "" "samfunnsforetak) i 2012." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5236 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5249 msgid "" "She describes the business model in a paper called Knowledge Unlatched: " "Toward an Open and Networked Future for Academic Publishing:" @@ -10061,7 +11407,7 @@ msgstr "" "Unlatched: Toward an Open and Networked Future for Academic Publishing:" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5243 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5256 msgid "" "Publishers offer titles for sale reflecting origination costs only via " "Knowledge Unlatched." @@ -10070,7 +11416,7 @@ msgstr "" "bare via Knowlegde Unlatched." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5249 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5262 msgid "" "Individual libraries select titles either as individual titles or as " "collections (as they do from library suppliers now)." @@ -10079,7 +11425,7 @@ msgstr "" "samlinger (slik de gjør fra bibliotekleverandører i dag)." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5255 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5268 msgid "" "Their selections are sent to Knowledge Unlatched specifying the titles to be " "purchased at the stated price(s)." @@ -10088,7 +11434,7 @@ msgstr "" "kjøpes spesifiseres og prisene angis." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5261 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5274 msgid "" "The price, called a Title Fee (set by publishers and negotiated by Knowledge " "Unlatched), is paid to publishers to cover the fixed costs of publishing " @@ -10101,7 +11447,7 @@ msgstr "" "dekket Title Fee-gebyret." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5270 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5283 msgid "" "Publishers make the selected titles available Open Access (on a Creative " "Commons or similar open license) and are then paid the Title Fee which is " @@ -10112,12 +11458,12 @@ msgstr "" "beløpet som er den summen som er innbetalt fra bibliotekene." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5280 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5293 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.pinter.org.uk/pdfs/Toward_an_Open.pdf\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://www.pinter.org.uk/pdfs/Toward_an_Open.pdf\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5277 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5290 msgid "" "Publishers make print copies, e-Pub, and other digital versions of selected " "titles available to member libraries at a discount that reflects their " @@ -10130,7 +11476,7 @@ msgstr "" "<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5285 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5298 msgid "" "The first round of this model resulted in a collection of twenty-eight " "current titles from thirteen recognized scholarly publishers being " @@ -10148,7 +11494,7 @@ msgstr "" "på utgiftene, og pr. bok kom de ned i under 43 dollar pr. bok." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5296 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5309 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://collections.knowledgeunlatched.org/collection-" "availability-1/\"/>" @@ -10157,7 +11503,7 @@ msgstr "" "availability-1/\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5295 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5308 msgid "" "The open-access, Creative Commons versions of these twenty-eight books are " "still available online.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Most books " @@ -10180,7 +11526,7 @@ msgstr "" "(royalty) for salg av fysiske kopier." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5306 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5319 msgid "" "There are three cost variables to consider for each round: the overall cost " "incurred by the publishers, total cost for each library to acquire all the " @@ -10200,7 +11546,7 @@ msgstr "" "reduserer deretter for hvert ekstra bibliotek som deltar." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5318 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5331 msgid "" "The second round, recently completed, unlatched seventy-eight books from " "twenty-six publishers. For this round, Frances was experimenting with the " @@ -10228,7 +11574,7 @@ msgstr "" "og til sist, unnfanging." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5333 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5346 msgid "" "The longest part of the whole process is getting libraries to pledge and " "commit funds. It takes about five months, as library buy-in has to fit " @@ -10239,7 +11585,7 @@ msgstr "" "passe inn i kjøpssykluser, budsjettrunder, og bibliotekkomiteers møter." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5339 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5352 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched informs and recruits libraries through social media, " "mailing lists, listservs, and library associations. Of the three hundred " @@ -10257,7 +11603,7 @@ msgstr "" "fått enda flere biblioteker med i laget." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5349 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5362 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched is scaling up, offering 150 new titles in the second " "half of 2016. It will also offer backlist titles, and in 2017 will start to " @@ -10268,7 +11614,7 @@ msgstr "" "også, med fri tilgang på alt." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5354 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5367 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched deliberately chose monographs as the initial type of " "book to unlatch. Monographs are foundational and important, but also " @@ -10279,7 +11625,7 @@ msgstr "" "lukkede standard publiseringsmodellenen." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5360 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5373 msgid "" "The cost for the publisher to get to a first digital copy of a monograph is " "$5,000 to $50,000. A good one costs in the $10,000 to $15,000 range. " @@ -10298,14 +11644,14 @@ msgstr "" "13 av dem, i andre runde gikk det ikke mer enn en måned for å få 26." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5377 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5390 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.knowledgeunlatched.org/featured-authors-section/\"/>" msgstr "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.knowledgeunlatched.org/featured-authors-section/\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5370 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5383 msgid "" "Authors don’t generally make a lot of royalties from monographs. Royalties " "range from zero dollars to 5 to 10 percent of receipts. The value to the " @@ -10326,7 +11672,7 @@ msgstr "" "ved å delta.)<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5380 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5393 msgid "" "Library budgets are constantly being squeezed, partly due to the inflation " "of journal subscriptions. But even without budget constraints, academic " @@ -10346,7 +11692,7 @@ msgstr "" "digitale versjonen." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5391 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5404 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched offers libraries a compelling economic argument. Many of " "the participating libraries would have bought a copy of the monograph " @@ -10362,7 +11708,18 @@ msgstr "" "bibliotekene, men for hele verden." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5399 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5412 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Not only do the economics make sense, but there is very strong alignment " +#| "with library mandates. The participating libraries pay less than they " +#| "would have in the closed model, and the open-access book is available to " +#| "all libraries. While this means nonparticipating libraries could be seen " +#| "as free riders, in the library world, wealthy libraries are used to " +#| "paying more than poor libraries and accept that part of their money " +#| "should be spent to support open access. “Free ride” is more like " +#| "community responsibility. By the end of March 2016, the round-one books " +#| "had been downloaded nearly eighty thousand times in 175 countries." msgid "" "Not only do the economics make sense, but there is very strong alignment " "with library mandates. The participating libraries pay less than they would " @@ -10370,9 +11727,9 @@ msgid "" "libraries. While this means nonparticipating libraries could be seen as free " "riders, in the library world, wealthy libraries are used to paying more than " "poor libraries and accept that part of their money should be spent to " -"support open access. “Free ride” is more like community responsibility. By " -"the end of March 2016, the round-one books had been downloaded nearly eighty " -"thousand times in 175 countries." +"support open access. <quote>Free ride</quote> is more like community " +"responsibility. By the end of March 2016, the round-one books had been " +"downloaded nearly eighty thousand times in 175 countries." msgstr "" "Ikke bare er økonomien fornuftig, men det er helt på linje med bibliotekets " "oppgaver. De deltakende bibliotekene betaler mindre enn de ville ha gjort i " @@ -10385,7 +11742,7 @@ msgstr "" "lastet ned nesten åtti tusen ganger i 175 land." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5411 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5425 msgid "" "For publishers, authors, and librarians, the Knowledge Unlatched model for " "monographs is a win-win-win." @@ -10394,7 +11751,7 @@ msgstr "" "for monografier en vinn-vinn-situasjon." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5415 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5429 msgid "" "In the first round, Knowledge Unlatched’s overheads were covered by grants. " "In the second round, they aim to demonstrate the model is sustainable. " @@ -10415,7 +11772,7 @@ msgstr "" "frikjøp av tidsskifter og eldre bøker." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5426 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5440 msgid "" "Frances believes that Knowledge Unlatched is tapping into new ways of " "valuing academic content. It’s about considering how many people can find, " @@ -10436,12 +11793,12 @@ msgstr "" "snarere enn en revolusjon." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5438 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5452 msgid "Lumen Learning" msgstr "Lumen Learning" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5441 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5455 msgid "" "Lumen Learning is a for-profit company helping educational institutions use " "open educational resources (OER). Founded in 2013 in the U.S." @@ -10451,12 +11808,12 @@ msgstr "" "educational resources). Grunnlagt 2013 i USA." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5446 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5460 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://lumenlearning.com\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://lumenlearning.com\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5448 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5462 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for custom " "services, grant funding" @@ -10465,13 +11822,13 @@ msgstr "" "tjenester, gi finansiering" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5451 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5465 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: December 21, 2015" msgstr "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Dato for intervju</emphasis>: 21. desember 2015" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5454 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5468 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: David Wiley and Kim " "Thanos, cofounders" @@ -10480,14 +11837,35 @@ msgstr "" "medgrunnleggere" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5468 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5482 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://lumenlearning.com/innovative-projects/\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://lumenlearning.com/innovative-projects/\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5462 -msgid "" -"Cofounded by open education visionary Dr. David Wiley and education-" +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5476 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Cofounded by open education visionary Dr. David Wiley and education-" +#| "technology strategist Kim Thanos, Lumen Learning is dedicated to " +#| "improving student success, bringing new ideas to pedagogy, and making " +#| "education more affordable by facilitating adoption of open educational " +#| "resources. In 2012, David and Kim partnered on a grant-funded project " +#| "called the Kaleidoscope Open Course Initiative.<placeholder type=" +#| "\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> It involved a set of fully open general-education " +#| "courses across eight colleges predominantly serving at-risk students, " +#| "with goals to dramatically reduce textbook costs and collaborate to " +#| "improve the courses to help students succeed. David and Kim exceeded " +#| "those goals: the cost of the required textbooks, replaced with OER, " +#| "decreased to zero dollars, and average student-success rates improved by " +#| "5 to 10 percent when compared with previous years. After a second round " +#| "of funding, a total of more than twenty-five institutions participated in " +#| "and benefited from this project. It was career changing for David and Kim " +#| "to see the impact this initiative had on low-income students. David and " +#| "Kim sought further funding from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, " +#| "who asked them to define a plan to scale their work in a financially " +#| "sustainable way. That is when they decided to create Lumen Learning." +msgid "" +"Cofounded by open education visionary Dr. David Wiley and education-" "technology strategist Kim Thanos, Lumen Learning is dedicated to improving " "student success, bringing new ideas to pedagogy, and making education more " "affordable by facilitating adoption of open educational resources. In 2012, " @@ -10528,7 +11906,7 @@ msgstr "" "opprette Lumen Learning." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5485 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5499 msgid "" "David and Kim went back and forth on whether it should be a nonprofit or " "for- profit. A nonprofit would make it a more comfortable fit with the " @@ -10547,7 +11925,7 @@ msgstr "" "donasjonen skal brukes, er det ofte ikke mye fleksibilitet til å gjøre det." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5495 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5509 msgid "" "But as a for-profit, they’d have to convince educational institutions to pay " "for what Lumen had to offer. On the positive side, they’d have more control " @@ -10565,7 +11943,7 @@ msgstr "" "bærekraftig utvikling." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5504 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5518 msgid "" "Right from the start, David and Kim positioned Lumen Learning as a way to " "help institutions engage in open educational resources, or OER. OER are " @@ -10580,7 +11958,7 @@ msgstr "" "frie bruk og gjenbruk." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5512 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5526 msgid "" "Originally, Lumen did custom contracts for each institution. This was " "complicated and challenging to manage. However, through that process " @@ -10606,12 +11984,12 @@ msgstr "" "universiteter –" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5528 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5542 msgid "replace expensive textbooks in high-enrollment courses with OER;" msgstr "å erstatte dyre lærebøker i kurs med mange påmeldinger med OER;" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5534 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5548 msgid "" "provide enrolled students day one access to Lumen’s fully customizable OER " "course materials through the institution’s learning-management system;" @@ -10621,7 +11999,7 @@ msgstr "" "læringshåndtering;" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5541 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5555 msgid "" "measure improvements in student success with metrics like passing rates, " "persistence, and course completion; and" @@ -10630,7 +12008,7 @@ msgstr "" "utholdenhet, og kursfullførelse; og" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5547 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5561 msgid "" "collaborate with faculty to make ongoing improvements to OER based on " "student success research." @@ -10639,7 +12017,7 @@ msgstr "" "basert på kunnskap om studentens studiefremgang." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5553 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5567 msgid "" "Lumen has developed a suite of open, Creative Commons–licensed courseware in " "more than sixty-five subjects. All courses are freely and publicly available " @@ -10654,7 +12032,7 @@ msgstr "" "lisensen." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5561 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5575 msgid "" "Then there are three types of bundled services that cost money. One option, " "which Lumen calls Candela courseware, offers integration with the " @@ -10669,7 +12047,7 @@ msgstr "" "dollar pr. deltagende student." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5569 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5583 msgid "" "A second option is Waymaker, which offers the services of Candela but adds " "personalized learning technologies, such as study plans, automated messages, " @@ -10683,7 +12061,7 @@ msgstr "" "dollar pr. deltagende student." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5576 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5590 msgid "" "The third and emerging line of business for Lumen is providing guidance and " "support for institutions and state systems that are pursuing the development " @@ -10700,7 +12078,7 @@ msgstr "" "andre dyre ressurser med OER." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5585 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5599 msgid "" "Lumen generates revenue by charging for their value-added tools and services " "on top of their free courses, just as solar-power companies provide the " @@ -10731,7 +12109,7 @@ msgstr "" "i samfunnet." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5602 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5616 msgid "" "In most cases, development of their courses is funded by the institution " "Lumen has a contract with. When creating new courses, Lumen typically works " @@ -10751,7 +12129,7 @@ msgstr "" "den beste OER de kan finne i så henseende, som fakultetet så etterser." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5613 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5627 msgid "" "Sometimes faculty like the existing OER but not the way it is presented. The " "open licensing of existing OER allows Lumen to pick and choose from images, " @@ -10772,7 +12150,7 @@ msgstr "" "Lumens innhold blir gitt en henvisning – Attribusjon (CC BY)-lisens." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5624 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5638 msgid "" "Using only OER made them experience firsthand how complex it could be to mix " "differently licensed work together. A common strategy with OER is to place " @@ -10787,7 +12165,7 @@ msgstr "" "forskjellig OER." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5632 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5646 msgid "" "Remixing OER often results in multiple attributions on every page of every " "course—text from one place, images from another, and videos from yet " @@ -10808,7 +12186,7 @@ msgstr "" "henvisninger som metadata, for å få det til å vises på slutten av hver side." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5643 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5657 msgid "" "Lumen’s commitment to open licensing and helping low-income students has led " "to strong relationships with institutions, open-education enthusiasts, and " @@ -10823,7 +12201,7 @@ msgstr "" "antall generelle henvendelser Lumens salgskapasitet." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5651 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5665 msgid "" "To manage demand and ensure the success of projects, their strategy is to be " "proactive and focus on what’s going on in higher education in different " @@ -10846,7 +12224,7 @@ msgstr "" "størst antall elever." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5664 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5678 msgid "" "As a business, Lumen is committed to openness. There are two core " "nonnegotiables: Lumen’s use of CC BY, the most permissive of the Creative " @@ -10865,7 +12243,7 @@ msgstr "" "bærekraften i Lumen beholdes." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5674 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5688 msgid "" "Openness also means that Lumen’s OER must necessarily be nonexclusive and " "nonrivalrous. This represents several big challenges for the business model: " @@ -10884,7 +12262,7 @@ msgstr "" "nytte av, og bidrar til dette åpne samfunnet." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5684 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5698 msgid "" "In the OER sector, there are examples of corporations, and even " "institutions, acting as free riders. Some simply take and use open resources " @@ -10901,7 +12279,7 @@ msgstr "" "og med gir tilbake generøst." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5693 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5707 msgid "" "Lumen does track institutions accessing and using their free content. They " "proactively contact those institutions, with an estimate of how much their " @@ -10921,7 +12299,7 @@ msgstr "" "utvikling og forbedring av den OER-en de bruker." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5704 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5718 msgid "" "Lumen works hard to be a good corporate citizen in the OER community. For " "David and Kim, a good corporate citizen gives more than they take, adds " @@ -10938,7 +12316,7 @@ msgstr "" "alle disse faktorene." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5713 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5727 msgid "" "Licensing all the content they produce with CC BY is a key part of giving " "more value than they take. They’ve also worked hard at finding the right " @@ -10951,7 +12329,7 @@ msgstr "" "er forståelig, og som kan gjentas." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5719 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5733 msgid "" "As of the fall 2016 term, Lumen had eighty-six different open courses, " "working relationships with ninety-two institutions, and more than seventy-" @@ -10972,7 +12350,7 @@ msgstr "" "erstatte donasjoner med inntekter." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5731 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5745 msgid "" "In creating Lumen Learning, David and Kim say they’ve landed on solutions " "they never imagined, and there is still a lot of learning taking place. For " @@ -10990,21 +12368,25 @@ msgstr "" "vite hvor du står, og ikke vike tilbake. Det er et spørsmål om tillit." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5742 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5756 msgid "Jonathan Mann" msgstr "Jonathan Mann" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5745 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5759 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Jonathan Mann is a singer and songwriter who is most well known as the " +#| "“Song A Day” guy. Based in the U.S." msgid "" -"Jonathan Mann is a singer and songwriter who is most well known as the “Song " -"A Day” guy. Based in the U.S." +"Jonathan Mann is a singer and songwriter who is most well known as the " +"<quote>Song A Day</quote> guy. Based in the U.S." msgstr "" "Jonathan Mann er en sanger og låtskriver som er mest kjent som «Song A Day»-" "fyren. Han holder til i USA." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5748 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5762 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://jonathanmann.net\"/> and <ulink url=\"http://" "jonathanmann.bandcamp.com\"/>" @@ -11013,7 +12395,7 @@ msgstr "" "bandcamp.com\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5751 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5765 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for custom " "services, pay-what-you-want, crowdfunding (subscription-based), charging for " @@ -11024,22 +12406,34 @@ msgstr "" "for personlige versjoner (inntekter fra foredrag og musikalske opptredener)" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5756 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5770 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 22, 2016" msgstr "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Dato for intervju</emphasis>: 22. februar 2016" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5764 -msgid "" -"Jonathan Mann thinks of his business model as “hustling”—seizing nearly " -"every opportunity he sees to make money. The bulk of his income comes from " -"writing songs under commission for people and companies, but he has a wide " -"variety of income sources. He has supporters on the crowdfunding site " -"Patreon. He gets advertising revenue from YouTube and Bandcamp, where he " -"posts all of his music. He gives paid speaking engagements about creativity " -"and motivation. He has been hired by major conferences to write songs " -"summarizing what speakers have said in the conference sessions." +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5778 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Jonathan Mann thinks of his business model as “hustling”—seizing nearly " +#| "every opportunity he sees to make money. The bulk of his income comes " +#| "from writing songs under commission for people and companies, but he has " +#| "a wide variety of income sources. He has supporters on the crowdfunding " +#| "site Patreon. He gets advertising revenue from YouTube and Bandcamp, " +#| "where he posts all of his music. He gives paid speaking engagements about " +#| "creativity and motivation. He has been hired by major conferences to " +#| "write songs summarizing what speakers have said in the conference " +#| "sessions." +msgid "" +"Jonathan Mann thinks of his business model as <quote>hustling</quote>—" +"seizing nearly every opportunity he sees to make money. The bulk of his " +"income comes from writing songs under commission for people and companies, " +"but he has a wide variety of income sources. He has supporters on the " +"crowdfunding site Patreon. He gets advertising revenue from YouTube and " +"Bandcamp, where he posts all of his music. He gives paid speaking " +"engagements about creativity and motivation. He has been hired by major " +"conferences to write songs summarizing what speakers have said in the " +"conference sessions." msgstr "" "Jonathan Mann tenker på sin forretningsmodell som «luring» – å gripe nesten " "enhver anledning han ser for å tjene penger. Hoveddelen av inntekten hans " @@ -11051,7 +12445,7 @@ msgstr "" "oppsummerer hva innlederne har sagt i konferansens sesjoner." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5775 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5790 msgid "" "His entrepreneurial spirit is coupled with a willingness to take action " "quickly. A perfect illustration of his ability to act fast happened in 2010, " @@ -11071,12 +12465,18 @@ msgstr "" "erfaringen ga ham oppslag i Time magazine." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5786 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5801 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Jonathan’s successful “hustling” is also about old-fashioned persistence. " +#| "He is currently in his eighth straight year of writing one song each day. " +#| "He holds the Guinness World Record for consecutive daily songwriting, and " +#| "he is widely known as the “song-a-day guy.”" msgid "" -"Jonathan’s successful “hustling” is also about old-fashioned persistence. He " -"is currently in his eighth straight year of writing one song each day. He " -"holds the Guinness World Record for consecutive daily songwriting, and he is " -"widely known as the “song-a-day guy.”" +"Jonathan’s successful <quote>hustling</quote> is also about old-fashioned " +"persistence. He is currently in his eighth straight year of writing one song " +"each day. He holds the Guinness World Record for consecutive daily " +"songwriting, and he is widely known as the <quote>song-a-day guy.</quote>" msgstr "" "Jonathans vellykkede «luring» handler også om god gammeldags utholdenhet. " "Han holder på i det åttende året på rad med å skrive en sang hver dag. Han " @@ -11084,7 +12484,7 @@ msgstr "" "er viden kjent som «en-sang-om-dagen-fyren»." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5793 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5808 msgid "" "He fell into this role by, naturally, seizing a random opportunity a friend " "alerted him to seven years ago—an event called Fun-A-Day, where people are " @@ -11103,7 +12503,7 @@ msgstr "" "nettet enn bare lyttet til lydfiler." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5803 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5818 msgid "" "He had a really good time doing the thirty-one-day challenge, so he decided " "to see if he could continue it for one year. He never stopped. He has " @@ -11132,7 +12532,7 @@ msgstr "" "han seg, og får noen andre til å legge ut sangen for ham." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5819 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5834 msgid "" "Over time, the song-a-day gig became the basis of his livelihood. In the " "beginning, he made money one of two ways. The first was by entering a wide " @@ -11149,14 +12549,22 @@ msgstr "" "sanger for dem. I dag tjener han mesteparten av pengene sine på den måten." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5828 -msgid "" -"His website explains his gig as “taking any message, from the super simple " -"to the totally complicated, and conveying that message through a heartfelt, " -"fun and quirky song.” He charges $500 to create a produced song and $300 for " -"an acoustic song. He has been hired for product launches, weddings, " -"conferences, and even Kickstarter campaigns like the one that funded the " -"production of this book." +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5843 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "His website explains his gig as “taking any message, from the super " +#| "simple to the totally complicated, and conveying that message through a " +#| "heartfelt, fun and quirky song.” He charges $500 to create a produced " +#| "song and $300 for an acoustic song. He has been hired for product " +#| "launches, weddings, conferences, and even Kickstarter campaigns like the " +#| "one that funded the production of this book." +msgid "" +"His website explains his gig as <quote>taking any message, from the super " +"simple to the totally complicated, and conveying that message through a " +"heartfelt, fun and quirky song.</quote> He charges $500 to create a produced " +"song and $300 for an acoustic song. He has been hired for product launches, " +"weddings, conferences, and even Kickstarter campaigns like the one that " +"funded the production of this book." msgstr "" "Hans nettsted forklarer hans opptreden som «å ta ethvert budskap fra " "superenkelt til det helt kompliserte, og formidle budskapet til en dyptfølt, " @@ -11166,13 +12574,22 @@ msgstr "" "produksjonen av denne boken." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5837 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5852 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Jonathan can’t recall when exactly he first learned about Creative " +#| "Commons, but he began applying CC licenses to his songs and videos as " +#| "soon as he discovered the option. “CC seems like such a no-brainer,” " +#| "Jonathan said. “I don’t understand how anything else would make sense. It " +#| "seems like such an obvious thing that you would want your work to be able " +#| "to be shared.”" msgid "" "Jonathan can’t recall when exactly he first learned about Creative Commons, " "but he began applying CC licenses to his songs and videos as soon as he " -"discovered the option. “CC seems like such a no-brainer,” Jonathan said. “I " -"don’t understand how anything else would make sense. It seems like such an " -"obvious thing that you would want your work to be able to be shared.”" +"discovered the option. <quote>CC seems like such a no-brainer,</quote> " +"Jonathan said. <quote>I don’t understand how anything else would make sense. " +"It seems like such an obvious thing that you would want your work to be able " +"to be shared.</quote>" msgstr "" "Jonathan kan ikke huske når akkurat han først hørte om Creative Commons, men " "han begynte å bruke CC-lisenser til sine sanger og videoer så snart han " @@ -11181,15 +12598,24 @@ msgstr "" "virker så åpenbart at du skulle ønske at ditt arbeid skulle kunne deles»." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5845 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5861 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "His songs are essentially marketing for his services, so obviously the " +#| "further his songs spread, the better. Using CC licenses helps grease the " +#| "wheels, letting people know that Jonathan allows and encourages them to " +#| "copy, interact with, and remix his music. “If you let someone cover your " +#| "song or remix it or use parts of it, that’s how music is supposed to " +#| "work,” Jonathan said. “That is how music has worked since the beginning " +#| "of time. Our me-me, mine-mine culture has undermined that.”" msgid "" "His songs are essentially marketing for his services, so obviously the " "further his songs spread, the better. Using CC licenses helps grease the " "wheels, letting people know that Jonathan allows and encourages them to " -"copy, interact with, and remix his music. “If you let someone cover your " -"song or remix it or use parts of it, that’s how music is supposed to work,” " -"Jonathan said. “That is how music has worked since the beginning of time. " -"Our me-me, mine-mine culture has undermined that.”" +"copy, interact with, and remix his music. <quote>If you let someone cover " +"your song or remix it or use parts of it, that’s how music is supposed to " +"work,</quote> Jonathan said. <quote>That is how music has worked since the " +"beginning of time. Our me-me, mine-mine culture has undermined that.</quote>" msgstr "" "Sangene hans er i hovedsak markedsføring av tjenestene hans, og det er " "åpenbart at jo videre sangene spres, jo bedre. Å bruke CC-lisenser hjelper " @@ -11200,13 +12626,20 @@ msgstr "" "fra tidenes begynnelse. Vår meg-meg, min-min kultur har undergravd det»." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5855 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5871 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "There are some people who cover his songs fairly regularly, and he would " +#| "never shut that down. But he acknowledges there is a lot more he could do " +#| "to build community. “There is all of this conventional wisdom about how " +#| "to build an audience online, and I generally think I don’t do any of " +#| "that,” Jonathan said." msgid "" "There are some people who cover his songs fairly regularly, and he would " "never shut that down. But he acknowledges there is a lot more he could do to " -"build community. “There is all of this conventional wisdom about how to " -"build an audience online, and I generally think I don’t do any of that,” " -"Jonathan said." +"build community. <quote>There is all of this conventional wisdom about how " +"to build an audience online, and I generally think I don’t do any of that,</" +"quote> Jonathan said." msgstr "" "Det er noen mennesker som brer hans sanger ganske regelmessig, og han ville " "aldri stengt. Men han erkjenner det er mye mer han kunne gjøre for å bygge " @@ -11215,15 +12648,24 @@ msgstr "" "det», sa Jonathan." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5862 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5878 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "He does have a fan community he cultivates on Bandcamp, but it isn’t his " +#| "major focus. “I do have a core audience that has stuck around for a " +#| "really long time, some even longer than I’ve been doing song-a-day,” he " +#| "said. “There is also a transitional aspect that drop in and get what they " +#| "need and then move on.” Focusing less on community building than other " +#| "artists makes sense given Jonathan’s primary income source of writing " +#| "custom songs for clients." msgid "" "He does have a fan community he cultivates on Bandcamp, but it isn’t his " -"major focus. “I do have a core audience that has stuck around for a really " -"long time, some even longer than I’ve been doing song-a-day,” he said. " -"“There is also a transitional aspect that drop in and get what they need and " -"then move on.” Focusing less on community building than other artists makes " -"sense given Jonathan’s primary income source of writing custom songs for " -"clients." +"major focus. <quote>I do have a core audience that has stuck around for a " +"really long time, some even longer than I’ve been doing song-a-day,</quote> " +"he said. <quote>There is also a transitional aspect that drop in and get " +"what they need and then move on.</quote> Focusing less on community building " +"than other artists makes sense given Jonathan’s primary income source of " +"writing custom songs for clients." msgstr "" "Han har en fangruppe han dyrker på Bandcamp, men det er ikke hans " "hovedfokus. «Jeg har et kjernepublikum som har holdt fast i virkelig lang " @@ -11234,16 +12676,28 @@ msgstr "" "sanger for klienter." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5872 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5888 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Jonathan recognizes what comes naturally to him and leverages those " +#| "skills. Through the practice of daily songwriting, he realized he has a " +#| "gift for distilling complicated subjects into simple concepts and putting " +#| "them to music. In his song “How to Choose a Master Password,” Jonathan " +#| "explained the process of creating a secure password in a silly, simple " +#| "song. He was hired to write the song by a client who handed him a long " +#| "technical blog post from which to draw the information. Like a good (and " +#| "rare) journalist, he translated the technical concepts into something " +#| "understandable." msgid "" "Jonathan recognizes what comes naturally to him and leverages those skills. " "Through the practice of daily songwriting, he realized he has a gift for " "distilling complicated subjects into simple concepts and putting them to " -"music. In his song “How to Choose a Master Password,” Jonathan explained the " -"process of creating a secure password in a silly, simple song. He was hired " -"to write the song by a client who handed him a long technical blog post from " -"which to draw the information. Like a good (and rare) journalist, he " -"translated the technical concepts into something understandable." +"music. In his song <quote>How to Choose a Master Password,</quote> Jonathan " +"explained the process of creating a secure password in a silly, simple song. " +"He was hired to write the song by a client who handed him a long technical " +"blog post from which to draw the information. Like a good (and rare) " +"journalist, he translated the technical concepts into something " +"understandable." msgstr "" "Jonathan kjenner igjen hva som er naturlig for ham, og benytter disse " "ferdighetene. Gjennom praktisering av daglig låtskriving innså han at han " @@ -11255,7 +12709,21 @@ msgstr "" "journalist oversatte han tekniske begreper til noe forståelig." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5884 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5900 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "When he is hired by a client to write a song, he first asks them to send " +#| "a list of talking points and other information they want to include in " +#| "the song. He puts all of that into a text file and starts moving things " +#| "around, cutting and pasting until the message starts to come together. " +#| "The first thing he tries to do is grok the core message and develop the " +#| "chorus. Then he looks for connections or parts he can make rhyme. The " +#| "entire process really does resemble good journalism, but of course the " +#| "final product of his work is a song rather than news. “There is something " +#| "about being challenged and forced to take information that doesn’t seem " +#| "like it should be sung about or doesn’t seem like it lends itself to a " +#| "song,” he said. “I find that creative challenge really satisfying. I " +#| "enjoy getting lost in that process.”" msgid "" "When he is hired by a client to write a song, he first asks them to send a " "list of talking points and other information they want to include in the " @@ -11264,10 +12732,11 @@ msgid "" "thing he tries to do is grok the core message and develop the chorus. Then " "he looks for connections or parts he can make rhyme. The entire process " "really does resemble good journalism, but of course the final product of his " -"work is a song rather than news. “There is something about being challenged " -"and forced to take information that doesn’t seem like it should be sung " -"about or doesn’t seem like it lends itself to a song,” he said. “I find that " -"creative challenge really satisfying. I enjoy getting lost in that process.”" +"work is a song rather than news. <quote>There is something about being " +"challenged and forced to take information that doesn’t seem like it should " +"be sung about or doesn’t seem like it lends itself to a song,</quote> he " +"said. <quote>I find that creative challenge really satisfying. I enjoy " +"getting lost in that process.</quote>" msgstr "" "Når han har fått i oppdrag av en klient å skrive en sang, ber han dem først " "om å sende en liste med snakkepunkter og annen informasjon som de ønsker å " @@ -11283,7 +12752,7 @@ msgstr "" "prosessen»." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5899 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5916 msgid "" "Jonathan admits that in an ideal world, he would exclusively write the music " "he wanted to write, rather than what clients hire him to write. But his " @@ -11296,17 +12765,28 @@ msgstr "" "funnet en måte å holde det interessant for seg selv." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5906 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5923 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Jonathan uses nearly every tool possible to make money from his art, but " +#| "he does have lines he won’t cross. He won’t write songs about things he " +#| "fundamentally does not believe in, and there are times he has turned down " +#| "jobs on principle. He also won’t stray too much from his natural style. " +#| "“My style is silly, so I can’t really accommodate people who want " +#| "something super serious,” Jonathan said. “I do what I do very easily, and " +#| "it’s part of who I am.” Jonathan hasn’t gotten into writing commercials " +#| "for the same reasons; he is best at using his own unique style rather " +#| "than mimicking others." msgid "" "Jonathan uses nearly every tool possible to make money from his art, but he " "does have lines he won’t cross. He won’t write songs about things he " "fundamentally does not believe in, and there are times he has turned down " -"jobs on principle. He also won’t stray too much from his natural style. “My " -"style is silly, so I can’t really accommodate people who want something " -"super serious,” Jonathan said. “I do what I do very easily, and it’s part of " -"who I am.” Jonathan hasn’t gotten into writing commercials for the same " -"reasons; he is best at using his own unique style rather than mimicking " -"others." +"jobs on principle. He also won’t stray too much from his natural style. " +"<quote>My style is silly, so I can’t really accommodate people who want " +"something super serious,</quote> Jonathan said. <quote>I do what I do very " +"easily, and it’s part of who I am.</quote> Jonathan hasn’t gotten into " +"writing commercials for the same reasons; he is best at using his own unique " +"style rather than mimicking others." msgstr "" "Jonathan bruker nesten hvert eneste mulige verktøy for å tjene penger på sin " "kunst, men han har grenser han ikke vil overskride. Han vil ikke skrive " @@ -11319,7 +12799,7 @@ msgstr "" "bruke sin egen unike stil i stedet for å etterligne andres." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5918 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5935 msgid "" "Jonathan’s song-a-day commitment exemplifies the power of habit and grit. " "Conventional wisdom about creative productivity, including advice in books " @@ -11337,7 +12817,7 @@ msgstr "" "prinsippene." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5927 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5944 msgid "" "When he speaks about his work, he talks about how much the song-a-day " "process has changed him. Rather than seeing any given piece of work as " @@ -11352,7 +12832,7 @@ msgstr "" "bli bedre." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5934 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5951 msgid "" "Jonathan seems to have this mentality about his career more generally. He is " "constantly experimenting with ways to make a living while sharing his work " @@ -11367,23 +12847,28 @@ msgstr "" "av Steve Jobs, sier han at aldri føler seg virkelig vellykket." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5942 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5958 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "“Success feels like it’s over,” he said. “To a certain extent, a creative " +#| "person is not ever going to feel completely satisfied because then so " +#| "much of what drives you would be gone.”" msgid "" -"“Success feels like it’s over,” he said. “To a certain extent, a creative " -"person is not ever going to feel completely satisfied because then so much " -"of what drives you would be gone.”" +"<quote>Success feels like it’s over,</quote> he said. <quote>To a certain " +"extent, a creative person is not ever going to feel completely satisfied " +"because then so much of what drives you would be gone.</quote>" msgstr "" "«Suksess føles som det er slutt», sa han. «Til en viss grad vil ikke en " "kreativ person noensinne føle seg helt fornøyd, fordi da vil så mye av det " "du driver med være borte.\"" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5948 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5965 msgid "Noun Project" msgstr "Noun-prosjektet" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5951 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5968 msgid "" "The Noun Project is a for-profit company offering an online platform to " "display visual icons from a global network of designers. Founded in 2010 in " @@ -11394,12 +12879,12 @@ msgstr "" "USA." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5956 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5973 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://thenounproject.com\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://thenounproject.com\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5958 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5975 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging a transaction " "fee, charging for custom services" @@ -11408,13 +12893,13 @@ msgstr "" "transaksjonsgebyr, betaling for tilpassede tjenester" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5961 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5978 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: October 6, 2015" msgstr "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Dato for intervju</emphasis>: 6. oktober 2015" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5964 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5981 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Edward Boatman, cofounder" msgstr "" @@ -11422,7 +12907,7 @@ msgstr "" "medgrunnlegger" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5972 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5989 msgid "" "The Noun Project creates and shares visual language. There are millions who " "use Noun Project symbols to simplify communication across borders, " @@ -11433,7 +12918,7 @@ msgstr "" "grenser, språk og kulturer." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5977 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5994 msgid "" "The original idea for the Noun Project came to cofounder Edward Boatman " "while he was a student in architecture design school. He’d always done a lot " @@ -11450,7 +12935,7 @@ msgstr "" "for hvert enkelt objekt eller begrep i verden." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5985 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6002 msgid "" "When Edward went on to work at an architecture firm, he had to make a lot of " "presentation boards for clients. But finding high-quality sources for " @@ -11465,7 +12950,7 @@ msgstr "" "hjelpe dem som var i lignende situasjoner." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5993 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6010 msgid "" "With his partner, Sofya Polyakov, he began collecting symbols for a website " "and writing a business plan. Inspiration came from the book Professor and " @@ -11481,7 +12966,7 @@ msgstr "" "verden." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6004 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6021 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.kickstarter.com/projects/tnp/building-a-free-" "collection-of-our-worlds-visual-sy/description\"/>" @@ -11490,7 +12975,7 @@ msgstr "" "collection-of-our-worlds-visual-sy/description\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6001 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6018 msgid "" "Then Edward got laid off during the recession, which turned out to be a huge " "catalyst. He decided to give his idea a go, and in 2010 Edward and Sofya " @@ -11505,18 +12990,25 @@ msgstr "" "Edward og Sofya Noun-prosjektet med en Kickstarter-kampanje, den gang " "Kickstarter var i sin barndom.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> De " "trodde det ville være en god måte å introdusere deres idé for det globale " -"nettsamfunnet. Målet var å få inn $1,500, men på tjue dager de fikk over $" -"14,000. Da skjønte de at ideen deres hadde potensiale til å bli noe mye " +"nettsamfunnet. Målet var å få inn $1,500, men på tjue dager de fikk over " +"$14,000. Da skjønte de at ideen deres hadde potensiale til å bli noe mye " "større." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6010 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6027 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "They created a platform where symbols and icons could be uploaded, and " +#| "Edward began recruiting talented designers to contribute their designs, a " +#| "process he describes as a relatively easy sell. Lots of designers have " +#| "old drawings just gathering “digital dust” on their hard drives. It’s " +#| "easy to convince them to finally share them with the world." msgid "" "They created a platform where symbols and icons could be uploaded, and " "Edward began recruiting talented designers to contribute their designs, a " "process he describes as a relatively easy sell. Lots of designers have old " -"drawings just gathering “digital dust” on their hard drives. It’s easy to " -"convince them to finally share them with the world." +"drawings just gathering <quote>digital dust</quote> on their hard drives. " +"It’s easy to convince them to finally share them with the world." msgstr "" "De laget en plattform der symboler og ikoner kan lastes opp, og Edward " "begynte å rekruttere talentfulle designere til å bidra med sin design, en " @@ -11525,7 +13017,7 @@ msgstr "" "er lett å overbevise dem om endelig å dele dem med verden." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6018 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6035 msgid "" "The Noun Project currently has about seven thousand designers from around " "the world. But not all submissions are accepted. The Noun Project’s quality-" @@ -11542,20 +13034,20 @@ msgstr "" "fellesskap av designere." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6027 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6044 msgid "" "Creative Commons is an integral part of the Noun Project’s business model; " "this decision was inspired by Chris Anderson’s book Free: The Future of " "Radical Price, which introduced Edward to the idea that you could build a " "business model around free content." msgstr "" -"Creative Commons er en integrert del i Noun-prosjektet sin forretningsmodell;" -" denne beslutningen ble inspirert av Chris Andersons bok Free: The Future of " -"Radical Price, som ga Edward ideen om at du kan bygge en forretningsmodell " -"rundt gratis innhold." +"Creative Commons er en integrert del i Noun-prosjektet sin " +"forretningsmodell; denne beslutningen ble inspirert av Chris Andersons bok " +"Free: The Future of Radical Price, som ga Edward ideen om at du kan bygge en " +"forretningsmodell rundt gratis innhold." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6034 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6051 msgid "" "Edward knew he wanted to offer a free visual language while still providing " "some protection and reward for its contributors. There is a tension between " @@ -11580,7 +13072,17 @@ msgstr "" "ut i det offentlige rom." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6048 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6065 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Noun Project’s business model and means of generating revenue have " +#| "evolved significantly over time. Their initial plan was to sell T-shirts " +#| "with the icons on it, which in retrospect Edward says was a horrible " +#| "idea. They did get a lot of email from people saying they loved the icons " +#| "but asking if they could pay a fee instead of giving attribution. Ad " +#| "agencies (among others) wanted to keep marketing and presentation " +#| "materials clean and free of attribution statements. For Edward, “That’s " +#| "when our lightbulb went off.”" msgid "" "Noun Project’s business model and means of generating revenue have evolved " "significantly over time. Their initial plan was to sell T-shirts with the " @@ -11588,7 +13090,8 @@ msgid "" "get a lot of email from people saying they loved the icons but asking if " "they could pay a fee instead of giving attribution. Ad agencies (among " "others) wanted to keep marketing and presentation materials clean and free " -"of attribution statements. For Edward, “That’s when our lightbulb went off.”" +"of attribution statements. For Edward, <quote>That’s when our lightbulb went " +"off.</quote>" msgstr "" "Noun-prosjektets forretningsmodell og metode for å generere inntekter har " "utviklet seg signifikant over tid. Deres opprinnelige plan var å selge T-" @@ -11599,7 +13102,7 @@ msgstr "" "referanseuttalelser. For Edward: «Det var da lyspæren vår sa poff»." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6058 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6076 msgid "" "They asked their global network of designers whether they’d be open to " "receiving modest remuneration instead of attribution. Designers saw it as a " @@ -11614,7 +13117,7 @@ msgstr "" "spennende for de fleste designere." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6065 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6083 msgid "" "The Noun Project first adopted a model whereby using an icon without giving " "attribution would cost $1.99 per icon. The model’s second iteration added a " @@ -11641,7 +13144,19 @@ msgstr "" "skapere, og bra for plattformen." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6079 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6097 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Customers then began asking for an application-programming interface " +#| "(API), which would allow Noun Project icons and symbols to be directly " +#| "accessed from within other applications. Edward knew that the icons and " +#| "symbols would be valuable in a lot of different contexts and that they " +#| "couldn’t possibly know all of them in advance, so they built an API with " +#| "a lot of flexibility. Knowing that most API applications would want to " +#| "use the icons without giving attribution, the API was built with the aim " +#| "of charging for its use. You can use what’s called the “Playground API” " +#| "for free to test how it integrates with your application, but full " +#| "implementation will require you to purchase the API Pro version." msgid "" "Customers then began asking for an application-programming interface (API), " "which would allow Noun Project icons and symbols to be directly accessed " @@ -11650,12 +13165,12 @@ msgid "" "know all of them in advance, so they built an API with a lot of " "flexibility. Knowing that most API applications would want to use the icons " "without giving attribution, the API was built with the aim of charging for " -"its use. You can use what’s called the “Playground API” for free to test how " -"it integrates with your application, but full implementation will require " -"you to purchase the API Pro version." +"its use. You can use what’s called the <quote>Playground API</quote> for " +"free to test how it integrates with your application, but full " +"implementation will require you to purchase the API Pro version." msgstr "" -"Kundene begynte så å be om en grenseflate med et programmeringsverktøy (API -" -" Application Programming Interface ), som ville tillate direkte tilgang til " +"Kundene begynte så å be om en grenseflate med et programmeringsverktøy (API " +"- Application Programming Interface ), som ville tillate direkte tilgang til " "Noun-prosjektets ikoner og symboler fra andre programmer. Edward visste at " "ikonene og symbolene ville være verdifulle i mange ulike sammenhenger, og at " "det var umulig å vite hvilke på forhånd, så de bygde en API med mye " @@ -11666,7 +13181,7 @@ msgstr "" "API Pro-versjon." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6093 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6111 msgid "" "The Noun Project shares revenue with its international designers. For one-" "off purchases, the revenue is split 70 percent to the designer and 30 " @@ -11677,7 +13192,7 @@ msgstr "" "prosjektet." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6098 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6116 msgid "" "The revenue from premium purchases (the subscription and API options) is " "split a little differently. At the end of each month, the total revenue from " @@ -11699,15 +13214,15 @@ msgstr "" "brukeren." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6110 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6182 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6128 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6200 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://thenounproject.com/handbook/royalties/#getting_paid\"/>" msgstr "" "<ulink url=\"http://thenounproject.com/handbook/royalties/#getting_paid\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6109 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6127 msgid "" "The Noun Project tries to be completely transparent about their royalty " "structure.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> They tend to over " @@ -11719,7 +13234,7 @@ msgstr "" "dette overfor innholdsleverandørene da tillitsbygging har høyeste prioritet." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6114 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6132 msgid "" "For most creators, contributing to the Noun Project is not a full-time job " "but something they do on the side. Edward categorizes monthly earnings for " @@ -11733,7 +13248,7 @@ msgstr "" "betale husleien." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6121 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6139 msgid "" "Recently the Noun Project launched a new app called Lingo. Designers can " "use Lingo to organize not just their Noun Project icons and symbols but also " @@ -11759,7 +13274,7 @@ msgstr "" "abonnerer på NounPro, kan du åpne Noun-prosjektet direkte fra Lingo." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6135 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6153 msgid "" "The Noun Project gives a ton of value away for free. A very large percentage " "of their roughly one million members have a free account, but there are " @@ -11773,18 +13288,25 @@ msgstr "" "lærere og andre som trenger å kommunisere ideer visuelt." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6142 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6160 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "For Edward, “creating, sharing, and celebrating the world’s visual " +#| "language” is the most important aspect of what they do; it’s their stated " +#| "mission. It differentiates them from others who offer graphics, icons, or " +#| "clip art." msgid "" -"For Edward, “creating, sharing, and celebrating the world’s visual language” " -"is the most important aspect of what they do; it’s their stated mission. It " -"differentiates them from others who offer graphics, icons, or clip art." +"For Edward, <quote>creating, sharing, and celebrating the world’s visual " +"language</quote> is the most important aspect of what they do; it’s their " +"stated mission. It differentiates them from others who offer graphics, " +"icons, or clip art." msgstr "" "For Edward er «å lage, dele og feire verdens visuell språk» det viktigste " "ved hva de gjør; det er deres uttalte formål. Det skiller dem fra andre som " "tilbyr grafikk, ikoner eller utklipp." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6148 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6166 msgid "" "Noun Project creators agree. When surveyed on why they participate in the " "Noun Project, this is how designers rank their reasons: 1) to support the " @@ -11802,7 +13324,7 @@ msgstr "" "penger." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6157 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6175 msgid "" "In Edward’s view, Creative Commons is central to their mission of sharing " "and social good. Using Creative Commons makes the Noun Project’s mission " @@ -11815,15 +13337,24 @@ msgstr "" "troverdighet. CC kommer med et innebygd fellesskap med brukere og tilhengere." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6164 -msgid "" -"Edward told us, “Don’t underestimate the power of a passionate community " -"around your product or your business. They are going to go to bat for you " -"when you’re getting ripped in the media. If you go down the road of choosing " -"to work with Creative Commons, you’re taking the first step to building a " -"great community and tapping into a really awesome community that comes with " -"it. But you need to continue to foster that community through other " -"initiatives and continue to nurture it.”" +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6182 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Edward told us, “Don’t underestimate the power of a passionate community " +#| "around your product or your business. They are going to go to bat for you " +#| "when you’re getting ripped in the media. If you go down the road of " +#| "choosing to work with Creative Commons, you’re taking the first step to " +#| "building a great community and tapping into a really awesome community " +#| "that comes with it. But you need to continue to foster that community " +#| "through other initiatives and continue to nurture it.”" +msgid "" +"Edward told us, <quote>Don’t underestimate the power of a passionate " +"community around your product or your business. They are going to go to bat " +"for you when you’re getting ripped in the media. If you go down the road of " +"choosing to work with Creative Commons, you’re taking the first step to " +"building a great community and tapping into a really awesome community that " +"comes with it. But you need to continue to foster that community through " +"other initiatives and continue to nurture it.</quote>" msgstr "" "Edward fortalte oss «Ikke undervurder kraften i et kraftig engasjert " "fellesskap rundt produktet eller firmaet. De vil virkelig kjempe for deg om " @@ -11834,7 +13365,7 @@ msgstr "" "fortsette å gi det næring»." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6174 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6192 msgid "" "The Noun Project nurtures their creators’ second motivation—promoting a " "personal brand—by connecting every icon and symbol to the creator’s name and " @@ -11847,7 +13378,7 @@ msgstr "" "Brukerne kan også søke i ikonene etter designerens navn." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6181 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6199 msgid "" "The Noun Project also builds community through Iconathons—hackathons for " "icons.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> In partnership with a " @@ -11858,16 +13389,16 @@ msgid "" "so they can be used by anyone for free." msgstr "" "Noun-prosjektet bygger også fellesskap gjennom Iconathoner – hackathon/" -"utviklersamlinger med fokus på ikoner.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"" -"/> I samarbeid med en sponsororganisasjon kommer Noun-prosjektet opp med et " -"tema (f.eks bærekraftig energi, matbank, gerilja-dyrking, " +"utviklersamlinger med fokus på ikoner.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" +"\"0\"/> I samarbeid med en sponsororganisasjon kommer Noun-prosjektet opp " +"med et tema (f.eks bærekraftig energi, matbank, gerilja-dyrking, " "menneskerettigheter) og en liste over ikoner som trengs. Designere blir så " "invitert til å lage ikoner arrangementet, og resultatet gjøres om til " "vektortegninger og legges til Noun-prosjektet med CC0-lisens slik at de kan " "brukes gratis av alle." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6190 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6208 msgid "" "Providing a free version of their product that satisfies a lot of their " "customers’ needs has actually enabled the Noun Project to build the paid " @@ -11885,12 +13416,12 @@ msgstr "" "integrere Creative Commons i modellen har vært nøkkelen til å nå dette målet." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6201 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6219 msgid "Open Data Institute" msgstr "Open Data-instituttet" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6204 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6222 msgid "" "The Open Data Institute is an independent nonprofit that connects, equips, " "and inspires people around the world to innovate with data. Founded in 2012 " @@ -11901,12 +13432,12 @@ msgstr "" "2012 i Storbritannia." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6209 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6227 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://theodi.org\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://theodi.org\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6211 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6229 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: grant and government " "funding, charging for custom services, donations" @@ -11915,12 +13446,12 @@ msgstr "" "offentlig finansiering, betaling for tilpassede tjenester, donasjoner" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6214 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6232 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: November 11, 2015" msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Intervjudato</emphasis>: 11. november 2015" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6217 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6235 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Jeni Tennison, technical " "director" @@ -11929,7 +13460,7 @@ msgstr "" "direktør" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6225 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6243 msgid "" "Cofounded by Sir Tim Berners-Lee and Sir Nigel Shadbolt in 2012, the London-" "based Open Data Institute (ODI) offers data-related training, events, " @@ -11948,7 +13479,7 @@ msgstr "" "å hjelpe folk rundt i verden å innovere med data." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6235 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6253 msgid "" "Data underpins planning and decision making across all aspects of society. " "Weather data helps farmers know when to plant their crops, flight time data " @@ -11971,7 +13502,7 @@ msgstr "" "til å forbedre sine liv ved å bedre forstå hva som skjer rundt dem." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6247 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6265 msgid "" "The Open Data Institute’s 2012–17 business plan starts out by describing its " "vision to establish itself as a world-leading center and to research and be " @@ -11986,7 +13517,7 @@ msgstr "" "og åpne-data-initiativer.) Den fortsetter med å si at ODI vil –" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6257 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6275 msgid "" "demonstrate the commercial value of open government data and how open-data " "policies affect this;" @@ -11995,19 +13526,19 @@ msgstr "" "åpen data-politikk berører dette;" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6263 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6281 msgid "develop the economic benefits case and business models for open data;" msgstr "" "utvikle eksempler på de økonomiske fordelene – og forretningsmodeller for " "åpne data;" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6269 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6287 msgid "help UK businesses use open data; and" msgstr "hjelpe britiske bedrifter å bruke åpne data; og" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6274 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6292 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://e642e8368e3bf8d5526e-464b4b70b4554c1a79566214d402739e.r6." "cf3.rackcdn.com/odi-business-plan-may-release.pdf\"/>" @@ -12016,7 +13547,7 @@ msgstr "" "cf3.rackcdn.com/odi-business-plan-may-release.pdf\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6274 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6292 msgid "" "show how open data can improve public services.<placeholder type=\"footnote" "\" id=\"0\"/>" @@ -12025,14 +13556,23 @@ msgstr "" "\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6279 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6297 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "ODI is very explicit about how it wants to make open business models, and " +#| "defining what this means. Jeni Tennison, ODI’s technical director, puts " +#| "it this way: “There is a whole ecosystem of open—open-source software, " +#| "open government, open-access research—and a whole ecosystem of data. " +#| "ODI’s work cuts across both, with an emphasis on where they overlap—with " +#| "open data.” ODI’s particular focus is to show open data’s potential for " +#| "revenue." msgid "" "ODI is very explicit about how it wants to make open business models, and " "defining what this means. Jeni Tennison, ODI’s technical director, puts it " -"this way: “There is a whole ecosystem of open—open-source software, open " -"government, open-access research—and a whole ecosystem of data. ODI’s work " -"cuts across both, with an emphasis on where they overlap—with open data.” " -"ODI’s particular focus is to show open data’s potential for revenue." +"this way: <quote>There is a whole ecosystem of open—open-source software, " +"open government, open-access research—and a whole ecosystem of data. ODI’s " +"work cuts across both, with an emphasis on where they overlap—with open data." +"</quote> ODI’s particular focus is to show open data’s potential for revenue." msgstr "" "ODI er veldig klar på hvordan de ønsker å lage åpne forretningsmodeller, og " "definere hva dette betyr. Jeni Tennison, ODIs tekniske direktør, sier det " @@ -12042,7 +13582,7 @@ msgstr "" "særlige fokus er å vise åpne datas potensiale for å gi inntekter." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6289 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6307 msgid "" "As an independent nonprofit, ODI secured £10 million over five years from " "the UK government via Innovate UK, an agency that promotes innovation in " @@ -12057,7 +13597,7 @@ msgstr "" "millioner investering fra Omidyar Network." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6297 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6315 msgid "" "Jeni started out as a developer and technical architect for data.gov.uk, the " "UK government’s pioneering open-data initiative. She helped make data sets " @@ -12072,7 +13612,7 @@ msgstr "" "ansatte." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6304 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6322 msgid "" "ODI strives to have half its annual budget come from the core UK government " "and Omidyar grants, and the other half from project-based research and " @@ -12088,7 +13628,7 @@ msgstr "" "markedet." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6312 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6330 msgid "" "On the commercial side, ODI generates funding through memberships, training, " "and advisory services." @@ -12097,12 +13637,12 @@ msgstr "" "og rådgivning." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6327 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6345 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://directory.theodi.org/members\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://directory.theodi.org/members\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6316 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6334 msgid "" "You can join the ODI as an individual or commercial member. Individual " "membership is pay-what-you-can, with options ranging from £1 to £100. " @@ -12128,7 +13668,20 @@ msgstr "" "\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6330 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6348 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "ODI provides standardized open data training courses in which anyone can " +#| "enroll. The initial idea was to offer an intensive and academically " +#| "oriented diploma in open data, but it quickly became clear there was no " +#| "market for that. Instead, they offered a five-day-long public training " +#| "course, which has subsequently been reduced to three days; now the most " +#| "popular course is one day long. The fee, in addition to the time " +#| "commitment, can be a barrier for participation. Jeni says, “Most of the " +#| "people who would be able to pay don’t know they need it. Most who know " +#| "they need it can’t pay.” Public-sector organizations sometimes give " +#| "vouchers to their employees so they can attend as a form of professional " +#| "development." msgid "" "ODI provides standardized open data training courses in which anyone can " "enroll. The initial idea was to offer an intensive and academically oriented " @@ -12136,10 +13689,10 @@ msgid "" "that. Instead, they offered a five-day-long public training course, which " "has subsequently been reduced to three days; now the most popular course is " "one day long. The fee, in addition to the time commitment, can be a barrier " -"for participation. Jeni says, “Most of the people who would be able to pay " -"don’t know they need it. Most who know they need it can’t pay.” Public-" -"sector organizations sometimes give vouchers to their employees so they can " -"attend as a form of professional development." +"for participation. Jeni says, <quote>Most of the people who would be able to " +"pay don’t know they need it. Most who know they need it can’t pay.</quote> " +"Public-sector organizations sometimes give vouchers to their employees so " +"they can attend as a form of professional development." msgstr "" "ODI gir standardisert opplæringskurs i åpne data der alle kan melde seg på. " "Den opprinnelige ideen var å tilby et intensivt og akademisk diplom i åpne " @@ -12153,7 +13706,7 @@ msgstr "" "faglig utvikling." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6344 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6362 msgid "" "ODI customizes training for clients as well, for which there is more demand. " "Custom training usually emerges through an established relationship with an " @@ -12170,7 +13723,7 @@ msgstr "" "tendens til å generere stor interesse og engasjement." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6353 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6371 msgid "" "Education about open data is also a part of ODI’s annual summit event, where " "curated presentations and speakers showcase the work of ODI and its members " @@ -12185,7 +13738,7 @@ msgstr "" "det fire tematiske spor og over 750 deltakere." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6361 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6379 msgid "" "In addition to memberships and training, ODI provides advisory services to " "help with technical-data support, technology development, change management, " @@ -12202,14 +13755,14 @@ msgstr "" "organisasjoner." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6370 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6388 msgid "" "On the commercial side, the following value propositions seem to resonate:" msgstr "" "I kommersiell forstand syntes følgende verdistandpunkter å gi gjenklang:" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6376 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6394 msgid "" "Data-driven insights. Businesses need data from outside their business to " "get more insight. Businesses can generate value and more effectively pursue " @@ -12220,7 +13773,7 @@ msgstr "" "også åpner opp sine egne data. Store data er et hett tema." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6384 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6402 msgid "" "Open innovation. Many large-scale enterprises are aware they don’t innovate " "very well. One way they can innovate is to open up their data. ODI " @@ -12235,7 +13788,7 @@ msgstr "" "organisatorisk uavhengighet." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6393 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6411 msgid "" "Corporate social responsibility. While this resonates with businesses, ODI " "cautions against having it be the sole reason for making data open. If a " @@ -12248,14 +13801,23 @@ msgstr "" "effektivitet og muligheter." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6402 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6420 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "During their early years, ODI wanted to focus solely on the United " +#| "Kingdom. But in their first year, large delegations of government " +#| "visitors from over fifty countries wanted to learn more about the UK " +#| "government’s open-data practices and how ODI saw that translating into " +#| "economic value. They were contracted as a service provider to " +#| "international governments, which prompted a need to set up international " +#| "ODI “nodes.”" msgid "" "During their early years, ODI wanted to focus solely on the United Kingdom. " "But in their first year, large delegations of government visitors from over " "fifty countries wanted to learn more about the UK government’s open-data " "practices and how ODI saw that translating into economic value. They were " "contracted as a service provider to international governments, which " -"prompted a need to set up international ODI “nodes.”" +"prompted a need to set up international ODI <quote>nodes.</quote>" msgstr "" "I sine tidlige år ønsket ODI å fokusere utelukkende på Storbritannia. Men i " "sitt første år ønsket store delegasjoner fra regjeringer, fra over 50 land, " @@ -12265,7 +13827,7 @@ msgstr "" "behov for å sette opp internasjonale ODI «noder»." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6411 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6429 msgid "" "Nodes are franchises of the ODI at a regional or city level. Hosted by " "existing (for-profit or not-for-profit) organizations, they operate locally " @@ -12286,7 +13848,7 @@ msgstr "" "liten avgift for å være en del av nettverket, og bruke varemerket." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6425 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6443 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://theodi.org/odi-startup-programme\"/>; <ulink url=" "\"http://theodi.org/open-data-incubator-for-europe\"/>" @@ -12295,7 +13857,7 @@ msgstr "" "\"http://theodi.org/open-data-incubator-for-europe\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6423 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6441 msgid "" "ODI also runs programs to help start-ups in the UK and across Europe develop " "a sustainable business around open data, offering mentoring, advice, " @@ -12307,7 +13869,7 @@ msgstr "" "<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6429 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6447 msgid "" "A big part of ODI’s business model revolves around community building. " "Memberships, training, summits, consulting services, nodes, and start-up " @@ -12325,12 +13887,12 @@ msgstr "" "som skjer ansikt til ansikt." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6443 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6461 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://certificates.theodi.org\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://certificates.theodi.org\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6438 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6456 msgid "" "ODI has created an online tool that organizations can use to assess the " "legal, practical, technical, and social aspects of their open data. If it is " @@ -12347,7 +13909,7 @@ msgstr "" "\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6446 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6464 msgid "" "Separate from commercial activities, the ODI generates funding through " "research grants. Research includes looking at evidence on the impact of open " @@ -12360,12 +13922,18 @@ msgstr "" "utplasseringen av åpne data." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6452 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6470 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Creative Commons 4.0 licenses cover database rights and ODI recommends CC " +#| "BY, CC BY-SA, and CC0 for data releases. ODI encourages publishers of " +#| "data to use Creative Commons licenses rather than creating new “open " +#| "licenses” of their own." msgid "" "Creative Commons 4.0 licenses cover database rights and ODI recommends CC " "BY, CC BY-SA, and CC0 for data releases. ODI encourages publishers of data " -"to use Creative Commons licenses rather than creating new “open licenses” of " -"their own." +"to use Creative Commons licenses rather than creating new <quote>open " +"licenses</quote> of their own." msgstr "" "Creative Commons 4.0-lisenser dekker databaserettigheter, og ODI anbefaler " "CC BY, CC BY-SA, og CC0 for datautgivelser. ODI oppfordrer utgivere av data " @@ -12373,7 +13941,24 @@ msgstr "" "lisenser»." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6458 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6477 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "For ODI, open is at the heart of what they do. They also release any " +#| "software code they produce under open-source-software licenses, and " +#| "publications and reports under CC BY or CC BY-SA licenses. ODI’s mission " +#| "is to connect and equip people around the world so they can innovate with " +#| "data. Disseminating stories, research, guidance, and code under an open " +#| "license is essential for achieving that mission. It also demonstrates " +#| "that it is perfectly possible to generate sustainable revenue streams " +#| "that do not rely on restrictive licensing of content, data, or code. " +#| "People pay to have ODI experts provide training to them, not for the " +#| "content of the training; people pay for the advice ODI gives them, not " +#| "for the methodologies they use. Producing open content, data, and source " +#| "code helps establish credibility and creates leads for the paid services " +#| "that they offer. According to Jeni, “The biggest lesson we have learned " +#| "is that it is completely possible to be open, get customers, and make " +#| "money.”" msgid "" "For ODI, open is at the heart of what they do. They also release any " "software code they produce under open-source-software licenses, and " @@ -12387,8 +13972,8 @@ msgid "" "people pay for the advice ODI gives them, not for the methodologies they " "use. Producing open content, data, and source code helps establish " "credibility and creates leads for the paid services that they offer. " -"According to Jeni, “The biggest lesson we have learned is that it is " -"completely possible to be open, get customers, and make money.”" +"According to Jeni, <quote>The biggest lesson we have learned is that it is " +"completely possible to be open, get customers, and make money.</quote>" msgstr "" "For ODI er åpen kjernen i det de gjør. De legger også ut programkoden til " "enhvert program de produserer med fri programvarelisenser, og publikasjoner " @@ -12405,7 +13990,7 @@ msgstr "" "fått, er at det er fullt ut mulig å være åpen, få kunder og tjene penger»." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6476 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6495 msgid "" "To serve as evidence of a successful open business model and return on " "investment, ODI has a public dashboard of key performance indicators. Here " @@ -12416,7 +14001,7 @@ msgstr "" "leveranse. Her er noen beregninger fra 27. April 2016:" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6484 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6503 msgid "" "Total amount of cash investments unlocked in direct investments in ODI, " "competition funding, direct contracts, and partnerships, and income that ODI " @@ -12429,17 +14014,17 @@ msgstr "" "millioner (pund)" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6492 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6511 msgid "Total number of active members and nodes across the globe: 1,350" msgstr "Antall aktive medlemmer og noder over hele verden: 1350" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6498 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6517 msgid "Total sales since ODI began: £7.44 million" msgstr "Totalt salg siden ODI startet: £ 7.44 millioner (pund)" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6503 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6522 msgid "" "Total number of unique people reached since ODI began, in person and online: " "2.2 million" @@ -12448,17 +14033,17 @@ msgstr "" "2,2 millioner" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6509 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6528 msgid "Total Open Data Certificates created: 151,000" msgstr "Totalt antall åpne datasertifikater opprettet: 151 000" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6515 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6534 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://dashboards.theodi.org/company/all\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://dashboards.theodi.org/company/all\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6514 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6533 msgid "" "Total number of people trained by ODI and its nodes since ODI began: " "5,080<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" @@ -12467,12 +14052,12 @@ msgstr "" "080<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6521 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6540 msgid "OpenDesk" msgstr "OpenDesk" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6524 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6543 msgid "" "Opendesk is a for-profit company offering an online platform that connects " "furniture designers around the world with customers and local makers who " @@ -12483,13 +14068,13 @@ msgstr "" "virkeliggjør designene. Grunnlagt i 2014 i Storbritannia." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6530 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6549 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.opendesk.cc\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://www.opendesk.cc\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6532 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8947 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6551 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8982 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging a transaction " "fee" @@ -12498,12 +14083,12 @@ msgstr "" "transaksjonsgebyr" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6535 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6554 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: November 4, 2015" msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\"> Intervjudato</emphasis>: 4. november 2015" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6538 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6557 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: Nick Ierodiaconou and " "Joni Steiner, cofounders" @@ -12512,7 +14097,7 @@ msgstr "" "Steiner, medgrunnleggere" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6546 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6565 msgid "" "Opendesk is an online platform that connects furniture designers around the " "world not just with customers but also with local registered makers who " @@ -12525,7 +14110,23 @@ msgstr "" "produsentene." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6552 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6571 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Cofounders Nick Ierodiaconou and Joni Steiner studied and worked as " +#| "architects together. They also made goods. Their first client was Mint " +#| "Digital, who had an interest in open licensing. Nick and Joni were " +#| "exploring digital fabrication, and Mint’s interest in open licensing got " +#| "them to thinking how the open-source world may interact and apply to " +#| "physical goods. They sought to design something for their client that was " +#| "also reproducible. As they put it, they decided to “ship the recipe, but " +#| "not the goods.” They created the design using software, put it under an " +#| "open license, and had it manufactured locally near the client. This was " +#| "the start of the idea for Opendesk. The idea for Wikihouse—another open " +#| "project dedicated to accessible housing for all—started as discussions " +#| "around the same table. The two projects ultimately went on separate " +#| "paths, with Wikihouse becoming a nonprofit foundation and Opendesk a for-" +#| "profit company." msgid "" "Cofounders Nick Ierodiaconou and Joni Steiner studied and worked as " "architects together. They also made goods. Their first client was Mint " @@ -12533,10 +14134,10 @@ msgid "" "digital fabrication, and Mint’s interest in open licensing got them to " "thinking how the open-source world may interact and apply to physical goods. " "They sought to design something for their client that was also reproducible. " -"As they put it, they decided to “ship the recipe, but not the goods.” They " -"created the design using software, put it under an open license, and had it " -"manufactured locally near the client. This was the start of the idea for " -"Opendesk. The idea for Wikihouse—another open project dedicated to " +"As they put it, they decided to <quote>ship the recipe, but not the goods.</" +"quote> They created the design using software, put it under an open license, " +"and had it manufactured locally near the client. This was the start of the " +"idea for Opendesk. The idea for Wikihouse—another open project dedicated to " "accessible housing for all—started as discussions around the same table. The " "two projects ultimately went on separate paths, with Wikihouse becoming a " "nonprofit foundation and Opendesk a for-profit company." @@ -12556,7 +14157,7 @@ msgstr "" "Opendesk et foretak basert på inntekter." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6569 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6588 msgid "" "When Nick and Joni set out to create Opendesk, there were a lot of questions " "about the viability of distributed manufacturing. No one was doing it in a " @@ -12570,7 +14171,7 @@ msgstr "" "fortsatt langt unna." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6576 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6595 msgid "" "And now this sector is emerging, and Nick and Joni are highly interested in " "the commercialization aspects of it. As part of coming up with a business " @@ -12592,7 +14193,7 @@ msgstr "" "avgjorde å bruke Creative Commons." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6587 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6606 msgid "" "When designing the Opendesk system, they had two goals. They wanted anyone, " "anywhere in the world, to be able to download designs so that they could be " @@ -12607,7 +14208,7 @@ msgstr "" "en forretningsmodell." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6594 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6613 msgid "" "They gave a lot of thought to three angles—the potential for social sharing, " "allowing designers to choose their license, and the impact these choices " @@ -12618,7 +14219,7 @@ msgstr "" "på forretningsmodellen." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6599 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6618 msgid "" "In support of social sharing, Opendesk actively advocates for (but doesn’t " "demand) open licensing. And Nick and Joni are agnostic about which Creative " @@ -12633,17 +14234,23 @@ msgstr "" "selv bestemme seg for hvor åpen eller lukket de ønsker å være." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6610 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6630 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.opendesk.cc/designers\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://www.opendesk.cc/designers\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6607 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6626 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "For the most part, designers love the idea of sharing content. They " +#| "understand that you get positive feedback when you’re attributed, what " +#| "Nick and Joni called “reputational glow.” And Opendesk does an awesome " +#| "job profiling the designers.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgid "" "For the most part, designers love the idea of sharing content. They " "understand that you get positive feedback when you’re attributed, what Nick " -"and Joni called “reputational glow.” And Opendesk does an awesome job " -"profiling the designers.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"and Joni called <quote>reputational glow.</quote> And Opendesk does an " +"awesome job profiling the designers.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" "For det meste elsker designere tanken på å dele innhold. De forstår at du " "får positive tilbakemeldinger når du er referert til, hva Nick og Joni kalte " @@ -12651,7 +14258,7 @@ msgstr "" "designere.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6613 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6633 msgid "" "While designers are largely OK with personal sharing, there is a concern " "that someone will take the design and manufacture the furniture in bulk, " @@ -12664,7 +14271,7 @@ msgstr "" "Attribution-NonCommercial-lisensen (CC BY-NC)." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6620 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6640 msgid "" "Anyone can download a design and make it themselves, provided it’s for " "noncommercial use — and there have been many, many downloads. Or users can " @@ -12683,21 +14290,31 @@ msgstr "" "spesifikasjonene i designfilen." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6637 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6657 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.opendesk.cc/open-making/makers/\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://www.opendesk.cc/open-making/makers/\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6630 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6650 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Makers benefit from being part of Opendesk’s network. Making furniture " +#| "for local customers is paid work, and Opendesk generates business for " +#| "them. Joni said, “Finding a whole network and community of makers was " +#| "pretty easy because we built a site where people could write in about " +#| "their capabilities. Building the community by learning from the maker " +#| "community is how we have moved forward.” Opendesk now has relationships " +#| "with hundreds of makers in countries all around the world.<placeholder " +#| "type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgid "" "Makers benefit from being part of Opendesk’s network. Making furniture for " "local customers is paid work, and Opendesk generates business for them. Joni " -"said, “Finding a whole network and community of makers was pretty easy " +"said, <quote>Finding a whole network and community of makers was pretty easy " "because we built a site where people could write in about their " "capabilities. Building the community by learning from the maker community is " -"how we have moved forward.” Opendesk now has relationships with hundreds of " -"makers in countries all around the world.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" -"\"0\"/>" +"how we have moved forward.</quote> Opendesk now has relationships with " +"hundreds of makers in countries all around the world.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" "Produsenter har nytte av å være en del av Opendesks nettverk. Å lage møbler " "for lokale kunder er betalt arbeid, og Opendesk gir virksomhet for dem. Joni " @@ -12708,7 +14325,7 @@ msgstr "" "produsenter i land over hele verden.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6640 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6660 msgid "" "The makers are a critical part of the Opendesk business model. Their model " "builds off the makers’ quotes. Here’s how it’s expressed on Opendesk’s " @@ -12719,7 +14336,7 @@ msgstr "" "Opendesks nettsted:" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6645 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6665 msgid "" "When customers buy an Opendesk product directly from a registered maker, " "they pay:" @@ -12728,7 +14345,7 @@ msgstr "" "betaler de:" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6651 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6671 msgid "" "the manufacturing cost as set by the maker (this covers material and labour " "costs for the product to be manufactured and any extra assembly costs " @@ -12739,7 +14356,7 @@ msgstr "" "monteringskostnader)" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6658 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6678 msgid "" "a design fee for the designer (a design fee that is paid to the designer " "every time their design is used)" @@ -12748,7 +14365,7 @@ msgstr "" "hver gang designet deres brukes)" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6664 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6684 msgid "" "a percentage fee to the Opendesk platform (this supports the infrastructure " "and ongoing development of the platform that helps us build out our " @@ -12759,7 +14376,7 @@ msgstr "" "markedsplassen vår)" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6671 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6691 msgid "" "a percentage fee to the channel through which the sale is made (at the " "moment this is Opendesk, but in the future we aim to open this up to third-" @@ -12772,7 +14389,7 @@ msgstr "" "og markedsføringsavgifter for den kanalen det gjelder)" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6680 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6700 msgid "" "a local delivery service charge (the delivery is typically charged by the " "maker, but in some cases may be paid to a third-party delivery partner)" @@ -12782,7 +14399,7 @@ msgstr "" "leveringen)" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6687 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6707 msgid "" "charges for any additional services the customer chooses, such as on-site " "assembly (additional services are discretionary—in many cases makers will be " @@ -12795,12 +14412,12 @@ msgstr "" "skreddersydde designvalg)" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6696 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6716 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.opendesk.cc/open-making/join\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://www.opendesk.cc/open-making/join\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6695 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6715 msgid "" "local sales taxes (variable by customer and maker location)<placeholder type=" "\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" @@ -12809,12 +14426,12 @@ msgstr "" "er)<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6701 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6721 msgid "They then go into detail how makers’ quotes are created:" msgstr "De går så i detalj om hvordan produsentens tilbud settes sammen:" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6704 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6724 msgid "" "When a customer wants to buy an Opendesk . . . they are provided with a " "transparent breakdown of fees including the manufacturing cost, design fee, " @@ -12835,7 +14452,7 @@ msgstr "" "og er vanligvis fordelt som følger:" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6717 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6737 msgid "" "manufacturing cost: fabrication, finishing and any other costs as set by the " "maker (excluding any services like delivery or on-site assembly)" @@ -12845,28 +14462,28 @@ msgstr "" "montering på stedet)" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6724 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6744 msgid "design fee: 8 percent of the manufacturing cost" msgstr "designavgift: 8 prosent av produksjonskostnadene" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6729 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6749 msgid "platform fee: 12 percent of the manufacturing cost" msgstr "plattformavgift: 12 prosent av produksjonskostnadene" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6734 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6754 msgid "channel fee: 18 percent of the manufacturing cost" msgstr "kanalavgift: 18 prosent av produksjonskostnadene" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6739 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6759 msgid "sales tax: as applicable (depends on product and location)" msgstr "" "merverdiavgift (mva.): gjeldende (avhenger av produkt og hvor salget skjer)" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6744 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6764 msgid "" "Opendesk shares revenue with their community of designers. According to " "Nick and Joni, a typical designer fee is around 2.5 percent, so Opendesk’s 8 " @@ -12877,7 +14494,7 @@ msgstr "" "mer generøs, og gir en høyere verdi til designeren." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6750 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6770 msgid "" "The Opendesk website features stories of designers and makers. Denis Fuzii " "published the design for the Valovi Chair from his studio in São Paulo. His " @@ -12892,7 +14509,7 @@ msgstr "" "En stor andel av hans virksomhet kommer fra Opendesk." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6758 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6778 msgid "" "To manage resources and remain effective, Opendesk has so far focused on a " "very narrow niche—primarily office furniture of a certain simple aesthetic, " @@ -12910,13 +14527,20 @@ msgstr "" "funksjonelle produkter ." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6767 -msgid "" -"On their website, Opendesk describes what they do as “open making”: " -"“Designers get a global distribution channel. Makers get profitable jobs and " -"new customers. You get designer products without the designer price tag, a " -"more social, eco-friendly alternative to mass-production and an affordable " -"way to buy custom-made products.”" +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6787 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "On their website, Opendesk describes what they do as “open making”: " +#| "“Designers get a global distribution channel. Makers get profitable jobs " +#| "and new customers. You get designer products without the designer price " +#| "tag, a more social, eco-friendly alternative to mass-production and an " +#| "affordable way to buy custom-made products.”" +msgid "" +"On their website, Opendesk describes what they do as <quote>open making</" +"quote>: <quote>Designers get a global distribution channel. Makers get " +"profitable jobs and new customers. You get designer products without the " +"designer price tag, a more social, eco-friendly alternative to mass-" +"production and an affordable way to buy custom-made products.</quote>" msgstr "" "På sin hjemmeside beskriver Opendesk hva de gjør som «åpen produksjon»: " "«Designere får en global distribusjonskanal. Produsenter får lønnsomme " @@ -12925,7 +14549,7 @@ msgstr "" "kjøpe skreddersydde produkter på»." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6775 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6795 msgid "" "Nick and Joni say that customers like the fact that the furniture has a " "known provenance. People really like that their furniture was designed by a " @@ -12940,20 +14564,29 @@ msgstr "" "varer fra en butikk." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6788 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6808 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://openmaking.is\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://openmaking.is\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6783 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6803 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Nick and Joni are taking a community-based approach to define and evolve " +#| "Opendesk and the “open making” business model. They’re engaging thought " +#| "leaders and practitioners to define this new movement. They have a " +#| "separate Open Making site, which includes a manifesto, a field guide, and " +#| "an invitation to get involved in the Open Making community.<placeholder " +#| "type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> People can submit ideas and discuss the " +#| "principles and business practices they’d like to see used." msgid "" "Nick and Joni are taking a community-based approach to define and evolve " -"Opendesk and the “open making” business model. They’re engaging thought " -"leaders and practitioners to define this new movement. They have a separate " -"Open Making site, which includes a manifesto, a field guide, and an " -"invitation to get involved in the Open Making community.<placeholder type=" -"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> People can submit ideas and discuss the principles " -"and business practices they’d like to see used." +"Opendesk and the <quote>open making</quote> business model. They’re " +"engaging thought leaders and practitioners to define this new movement. They " +"have a separate Open Making site, which includes a manifesto, a field guide, " +"and an invitation to get involved in the Open Making community.<placeholder " +"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> People can submit ideas and discuss the " +"principles and business practices they’d like to see used." msgstr "" "Nick og Joni har en fellesskapsbasert tilnærming til å definere og utvikle " "Opendesk, og forretningsmodellen for «åpen produksjon». De er de " @@ -12964,7 +14597,7 @@ msgstr "" "ideer og diskutere prinsipper og forretningspraksis de ønsker å se brukt." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6792 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6812 msgid "" "Nick and Joni talked a lot with us about intellectual property (IP) and " "commercialization. Many of their designers fear the idea that someone could " @@ -12979,7 +14612,7 @@ msgstr "" "Attribution-NonCommercial lisensen (CC BY-NC)." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6800 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6820 msgid "" "Opendesk established a set of principles for what their community considers " "commercial and noncommercial use. Their website states:" @@ -12988,22 +14621,22 @@ msgstr "" "kommersiell og ikke-kommersiell bruk. Deres hjemmeside fastslår:" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6804 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6824 msgid "It is unambiguously commercial use when anyone:" msgstr "Det er en utvetydig kommersiell bruk når noen:" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6809 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6829 msgid "charges a fee or makes a profit when making an Opendesk" msgstr "krever en avgift eller får en fortjeneste når man lager en Opendesk" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6814 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6834 msgid "sells (or bases a commercial service on) an Opendesk" msgstr "selger (eller baserer en kommersiell tjeneste på) en Opendesk" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6819 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6839 msgid "" "It follows from this that noncommercial use is when you make an Opendesk " "yourself, with no intention to gain commercial advantage or monetary " @@ -13014,7 +14647,7 @@ msgstr "" "kompensasjon. For eksempel kvalifiserer disse som ikke-kommersielle:" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6827 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6847 msgid "" "you are an individual with your own CNC machine, or access to a shared CNC " "machine, and will personally cut and make a few pieces of furniture yourself" @@ -13023,7 +14656,7 @@ msgstr "" "og vil personlig kutte til og lage noen få møbler selv" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6834 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6854 msgid "" "you are a student (or teacher) and you use the design files for educational " "purposes or training (and do not intend to sell the resulting pieces)" @@ -13032,7 +14665,7 @@ msgstr "" "eller opplæring (og har ikke tenkt å selge de som blir laget)" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6841 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6861 msgid "" "you work for a charity and get furniture cut by volunteers, or by employees " "at a fab lab or maker space" @@ -13041,7 +14674,17 @@ msgstr "" "digitale verktøyrom, eller i åpne brukerrom" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6847 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6867 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Whether or not people technically are doing things that implicate IP, " +#| "Nick and Joni have found that people tend to comply with the wishes of " +#| "creators out of a sense of fairness. They have found that behavioral " +#| "economics can replace some of the thorny legal issues. In their business " +#| "model, Nick and Joni are trying to suspend the focus on IP and build an " +#| "open business model that works for all stakeholders—designers, channels, " +#| "manufacturers, and customers. For them, the value Opendesk generates " +#| "hangs off “open,” not IP." msgid "" "Whether or not people technically are doing things that implicate IP, Nick " "and Joni have found that people tend to comply with the wishes of creators " @@ -13049,7 +14692,8 @@ msgid "" "replace some of the thorny legal issues. In their business model, Nick and " "Joni are trying to suspend the focus on IP and build an open business model " "that works for all stakeholders—designers, channels, manufacturers, and " -"customers. For them, the value Opendesk generates hangs off “open,” not IP." +"customers. For them, the value Opendesk generates hangs off <quote>open,</" +"quote> not IP." msgstr "" "Hvorvidt folk teknisk sett gjør ting som impliserer IP, har Nick og Joni " "funnet at folk har en tendens til å etterkomme ønskene til bidragsyterne ut " @@ -13061,7 +14705,7 @@ msgstr "" "«åpne», ikke i IP." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6858 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6878 msgid "" "The mission of Opendesk is about relocalizing manufacturing, which changes " "the way we think about how goods are made. Commercialization is integral to " @@ -13076,7 +14720,7 @@ msgstr "" "gjennom Opendesk." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6865 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6885 msgid "" "As a global platform for local making, Opendesk’s business model has been " "built on honesty, transparency, and inclusivity. As Nick and Joni describe " @@ -13088,12 +14732,12 @@ msgstr "" "stoler de på folk." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6872 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6892 msgid "OpenStax" msgstr "OpenStax" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6875 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6895 msgid "" "OpenStax is a nonprofit that provides free, openly licensed textbooks for " "high-enrollment introductory college courses and Advanced Placement courses. " @@ -13104,12 +14748,12 @@ msgstr "" "Placement-kurs. Grunnlagt i 2012 i USA." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6880 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6900 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.openstaxcollege.org\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://www.openstaxcollege.org\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6882 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6902 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: grant funding, charging " "for custom services, charging for physical copies (textbook sales)" @@ -13119,13 +14763,13 @@ msgstr "" "fysiske kopier (læreboksalg)" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6886 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6906 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: December 16, 2015" msgstr "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Dato for intervju</emphasis>: 16. desember 2015" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6889 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6909 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: David Harris, editor-in-" "chief" @@ -13133,17 +14777,29 @@ msgstr "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\"> Intervjuet</emphasis>: David Harris, sjefsredaktør" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6897 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6917 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "OpenStax is an extension of a program called Connexions, which was " +#| "started in 1999 by Dr. Richard Baraniuk, the Victor E. Cameron Professor " +#| "of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Rice University in Houston, " +#| "Texas. Frustrated by the limitations of traditional textbooks and " +#| "courses, Dr. Baraniuk wanted to provide authors and learners a way to " +#| "share and freely adapt educational materials such as courses, books, and " +#| "reports. Today, Connexions (now called OpenStax CNX) is one of the " +#| "world’s best libraries of customizable educational materials, all " +#| "licensed with Creative Commons and available to anyone, anywhere, anytime—" +#| "for free." msgid "" "OpenStax is an extension of a program called Connexions, which was started " -"in 1999 by Dr. Richard Baraniuk, the Victor E. Cameron Professor of " +"in 1999 by Dr. Richard Baraniuk, the Victor E. Cameron Professor of " "Electrical and Computer Engineering at Rice University in Houston, Texas. " -"Frustrated by the limitations of traditional textbooks and courses, Dr. " -"Baraniuk wanted to provide authors and learners a way to share and freely " -"adapt educational materials such as courses, books, and reports. Today, " -"Connexions (now called OpenStax CNX) is one of the world’s best libraries of " -"customizable educational materials, all licensed with Creative Commons and " -"available to anyone, anywhere, anytime—for free." +"Frustrated by the limitations of traditional textbooks and courses, " +"Dr. Baraniuk wanted to provide authors and learners a way to share and " +"freely adapt educational materials such as courses, books, and reports. " +"Today, Connexions (now called OpenStax CNX) is one of the world’s best " +"libraries of customizable educational materials, all licensed with Creative " +"Commons and available to anyone, anywhere, anytime—for free." msgstr "" "OpenStax er en utvidelse av et program kalt Connexions, som ble startet i " "1999 av dr. Richard Baraniuk, Victor E. Cameron, professor i elektonikk og " @@ -13156,7 +14812,7 @@ msgstr "" "– gratis." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6909 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6929 msgid "" "In 2008, while in a senior leadership role at WebAssign and looking at ways " "to reduce the risk that came with relying on publishers, David Harris began " @@ -13177,7 +14833,7 @@ msgstr "" "enkelt kalt OpenStax." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6920 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6940 msgid "" "David brought with him a deep understanding of the best practices of " "publishing along with where publishers have inefficiencies. In David’s view, " @@ -13200,7 +14856,7 @@ msgstr "" "tilpasninger av fakulteter og studenter." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6938 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6958 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://news.rice.edu/files/2016/01/0119-" "OPENSTAX-2016Infographic-lg-1tahxiu.jpg\"/>" @@ -13209,7 +14865,7 @@ msgstr "" "OPENSTAX-2016Infographic-lg-1tahxiu.jpg\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6932 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6952 msgid "" "In 2012, OpenStax College launched as a nonprofit with the aim of producing " "high-quality, peer-reviewed full-color textbooks that would be available for " @@ -13230,7 +14886,7 @@ msgstr "" "Alt uten at noen sto for salget!" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6942 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6962 msgid "" "OpenStax textbooks are all Attribution (CC BY) licensed, and each textbook " "is available as a PDF, an e-book, or web pages. Those who want a physical " @@ -13248,7 +14904,7 @@ msgstr "" "de blir brukt." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6951 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6971 msgid "" "Teachers are invited to try out a single chapter from one of the textbooks " "with students. If that goes well, they’re encouraged to adopt the entire " @@ -13264,7 +14920,7 @@ msgstr "" "behov." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6959 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6979 msgid "" "Any teacher can post corrections, suggest examples for difficult concepts, " "or volunteer as an editor or author. As many teachers also want supplemental " @@ -13278,12 +14934,12 @@ msgstr "" "videre ." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6970 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6990 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://openstax.org/adopters\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://openstax.org/adopters\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6966 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6986 msgid "" "Institutions can stand out by offering students a lower-cost education " "through the use of OpenStax textbooks; there’s even a textbook-savings " @@ -13298,7 +14954,7 @@ msgstr "" "lærebøker.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6973 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6993 msgid "" "Unlike traditional publishers’ monolithic approach of controlling " "intellectual property, distribution, and so many other aspects, OpenStax has " @@ -13311,7 +14967,7 @@ msgstr "" "stoler på et omfattende nettverk av samarbeidspartnere." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6979 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6999 msgid "" "Up-front funding of a professionally produced all-color turnkey textbook is " "expensive. For this part of their model, OpenStax relies on philanthropy. " @@ -13331,7 +14987,7 @@ msgstr "" "trolig fortsatt komme til å kreve filantropisk investering." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6990 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7010 msgid "" "However, ongoing operations will not rely on foundation grants but instead " "on funds received through an ecosystem of over forty partners, whereby a " @@ -13351,7 +15007,7 @@ msgstr "" "studenter." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7000 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7020 msgid "" "Another example is Odigia, who has turned OpenStax books into interactive " "learning experiences and created additional tools to measure and promote " @@ -13370,7 +15026,7 @@ msgstr "" "Introduction to Sociology 2e, der disse midlene er brukt." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7010 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7030 msgid "" "In David’s view, this approach lets the market operate at peak efficiency. " "OpenStax’s partners don’t have to worry about developing textbook content, " @@ -13392,7 +15048,7 @@ msgstr "" "er der ute med sitt materiale som et utstillingsvindu." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7022 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7042 msgid "" "OpenStax’s cost of sales to acquire a single student is very, very low and " "is a fraction of what traditional players in the market face. This year, " @@ -13406,7 +15062,7 @@ msgstr "" "David ser frem til å dele disse funnene med fellesskapet." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7030 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7050 msgid "" "While OpenStax books are available online for free, many students still want " "a print copy. Through a partnership with a print and courier company, " @@ -13426,7 +15082,7 @@ msgstr "" "finansiere den løpende driften." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7040 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7060 msgid "" "Campus-based bookstores are part of the OpenStax solution. OpenStax " "collaborates with NACSCORP (the National Association of College Stores " @@ -13450,14 +15106,22 @@ msgstr "" "tydeligvis selger ut nesten hundre prosent." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7053 -msgid "" -"David thinks of the OpenStax model as “OER 2.0.” So what is OER 1.0? " -"Historically in the OER field, many OER initiatives have been locally funded " -"by institutions or government ministries. In David’s view, this results in " -"content that has high local value but is infrequently adopted nationally. " -"It’s therefore difficult to show payback over a time scale that is " -"reasonable." +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7073 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "David thinks of the OpenStax model as “OER 2.0.” So what is OER 1.0? " +#| "Historically in the OER field, many OER initiatives have been locally " +#| "funded by institutions or government ministries. In David’s view, this " +#| "results in content that has high local value but is infrequently adopted " +#| "nationally. It’s therefore difficult to show payback over a time scale " +#| "that is reasonable." +msgid "" +"David thinks of the OpenStax model as <quote>OER 2.0.</quote> So what is OER " +"1.0? Historically in the OER field, many OER initiatives have been locally " +"funded by institutions or government ministries. In David’s view, this " +"results in content that has high local value but is infrequently adopted " +"nationally. It’s therefore difficult to show payback over a time scale that " +"is reasonable." msgstr "" "David tenker på OpenStax-modellen som «OER 2.0». Så hva er OER 1.0? Ser en " "historisk på OER, er mange OER-initiativ lokalt finansiert av institusjoner " @@ -13466,7 +15130,7 @@ msgstr "" "vise at investeringen betaler seg i løpet av rimelig tid." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7061 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7081 msgid "" "OER 2.0 is about OER intended to be used and adopted on a national level " "right from the start. This requires a bigger investment up front but pays " @@ -13489,7 +15153,7 @@ msgstr "" "bok fra bunnen av, et godt eksempel er deres biologibok." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7074 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7094 msgid "" "The process is similar for both models. First they look at the scope and " "sequence of existing textbooks. They ask questions like what does the " @@ -13522,7 +15186,7 @@ msgstr "" "prosessen er svært tidkrevende." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7092 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7112 msgid "" "All the people involved in this process are paid. OpenStax does not rely on " "volunteers. Writers, reviewers, illustrators, and editors are all paid an up-" @@ -13542,14 +15206,24 @@ msgstr "" "er forhåndsbetalt." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7102 -msgid "" -"David thinks of the Attribution license (CC BY) as the “innovation license.” " -"It’s core to the mission of OpenStax, letting people use their textbooks in " -"innovative ways without having to ask for permission. It frees up the whole " -"market and has been central to OpenStax being able to bring on partners. " -"OpenStax sees a lot of customization of their materials. By enabling " -"frictionless remixing, CC BY gives teachers control and academic freedom." +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7122 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "David thinks of the Attribution license (CC BY) as the “innovation " +#| "license.” It’s core to the mission of OpenStax, letting people use their " +#| "textbooks in innovative ways without having to ask for permission. It " +#| "frees up the whole market and has been central to OpenStax being able to " +#| "bring on partners. OpenStax sees a lot of customization of their " +#| "materials. By enabling frictionless remixing, CC BY gives teachers " +#| "control and academic freedom." +msgid "" +"David thinks of the Attribution license (CC BY) as the <quote>innovation " +"license.</quote> It’s core to the mission of OpenStax, letting people use " +"their textbooks in innovative ways without having to ask for permission. It " +"frees up the whole market and has been central to OpenStax being able to " +"bring on partners. OpenStax sees a lot of customization of their materials. " +"By enabling frictionless remixing, CC BY gives teachers control and academic " +"freedom." msgstr "" "David tenker på Attribution-lisensen (CC BY) som «innovasjonslisensen». Den " "er sentral for formålet med OpenStax, å la folk bruke lærebøkene deres på " @@ -13559,7 +15233,7 @@ msgstr "" "gir CC lærere kontroll og akademisk frihet." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7111 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7132 msgid "" "Using CC BY is also a good example of using strategies that traditional " "publishers can’t. Traditional publishers rely on copyright to prevent others " @@ -13578,7 +15252,7 @@ msgstr "" "utnytter ineffektiviteten i det tradisjonelle markedet." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7121 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7142 msgid "" "As of September 16, 2016, OpenStax has achieved some impressive results. " "From the OpenStax at a Glance fact sheet from their recent press kit:" @@ -13588,27 +15262,27 @@ msgstr "" "presseinformasjonen:" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7128 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7149 msgid "Books published: 23" msgstr "Bøker publisert: 23" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7133 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7154 msgid "Students who have used OpenStax: 1.6 million" msgstr "Studenter som har brukt OpenStax: 1,6 millioner" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7138 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7159 msgid "Money saved for students: $155 million" msgstr "Penger spart for studenter: 155 millioner dollar" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7143 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7164 msgid "Money saved for students in the 2016/17 academic year: $77 million" msgstr "Penger spart for studenter i studieåret 2016/17: 77 millioner dollar" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7149 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7170 msgid "" "Schools that have used OpenStax: 2,668 (This number reflects all " "institutions using at least one OpenStax textbook. Out of 2,668 schools, 517 " @@ -13621,7 +15295,7 @@ msgstr "" "universiteter utenfor USA)" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7158 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7179 msgid "" "While OpenStax has to date been focused on the United States, there is " "overseas adoption especially in the science, technology, engineering, and " @@ -13635,7 +15309,7 @@ msgstr "" "internasjonal interesse." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7165 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7186 msgid "" "OpenStax has primarily focused on introductory-level college courses where " "there is high enrollment, but they are starting to think about verticals—a " @@ -13650,7 +15324,7 @@ msgstr "" "gjennom hele pensumet, for eksempel for en sykepleierutdanning." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7173 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7194 msgid "" "Finally, for OpenStax success is not just about the adoption of their " "textbooks and student savings. There is a human aspect to the work that is " @@ -13672,22 +15346,22 @@ msgstr "" "en utdanning å kunne få den." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7186 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7207 msgid "Amanda Palmer" msgstr "Amanda Palmer" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7189 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7210 msgid "Amanda Palmer is a musician, artist, and writer. Based in the U.S." msgstr "Amanda Palmer er en musiker, kunstner og skribent. Basert i USA." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7193 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7214 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://amandapalmer.net\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://amandapalmer.net\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7195 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7216 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: crowdfunding " "(subscription-based), pay-what-you-want, charging for physical copies (book " @@ -13698,13 +15372,13 @@ msgstr "" "(abonnementsbasert), betaling for fysiske kopier, varesalg" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7200 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7221 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: December 15, 2015" msgstr "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Dato for intervju</emphasis>: 15. desember 2015" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7210 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7232 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.forbes.com/sites/zackomalleygreenburg/2015/04/16/" "amanda-palmer-uncut-the-kickstarter-queen-on-spotify-patreon-and-taylor-" @@ -13715,24 +15389,37 @@ msgstr "" "swift/#44e20ce46d67\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7208 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7229 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Since the beginning of her career, Amanda Palmer has been on what she " +#| "calls a “journey with no roadmap,” continually experimenting to find new " +#| "ways to sustain her creative work.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/" +#| ">" msgid "" "Since the beginning of her career, Amanda Palmer has been on what she calls " -"a “journey with no roadmap,” continually experimenting to find new ways to " -"sustain her creative work.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"a <quote>journey with no roadmap,</quote> continually experimenting to find " +"new ways to sustain her creative work.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" +"\"0\"/>" msgstr "" -"Siden starten på sin karrière, har Amanda Palmer vært på det hun kaller en «" -"reise uten noe veikart», kontinuerlig eksperimenterende med å finne nye " +"Siden starten på sin karrière, har Amanda Palmer vært på det hun kaller en " +"«reise uten noe veikart», kontinuerlig eksperimenterende med å finne nye " "måter å opprettholde sitt skapende arbeid på.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " "id=\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7213 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7235 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "In her best-selling book, The Art of Asking, Amanda articulates exactly " +#| "what she has been and continues to strive for—“the ideal sweet spot . . . " +#| "in which the artist can share freely and directly feel the reverberations " +#| "of their artistic gifts to the community, and make a living doing that.”" msgid "" "In her best-selling book, The Art of Asking, Amanda articulates exactly what " -"she has been and continues to strive for—“the ideal sweet spot . . . in " -"which the artist can share freely and directly feel the reverberations of " -"their artistic gifts to the community, and make a living doing that.”" +"she has been and continues to strive for—<quote>the ideal sweet spot . . . " +"in which the artist can share freely and directly feel the reverberations of " +"their artistic gifts to the community, and make a living doing that.</quote>" msgstr "" "I sin bestselgerbok, «The Art of Asking», formulerer Amanda nøyaktig hva hun " "har vært, og hva hun fortsetter å strebe etter – «det ideelle punktet ... " @@ -13740,14 +15427,22 @@ msgstr "" "kunstneriske gaver til samfunnet, og leve av det»." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7220 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7242 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "While she seems to have successfully found that sweet spot for herself, " +#| "Amanda is the first to acknowledge there is no silver bullet. She thinks " +#| "the digital age is both an exciting and frustrating time for creators. " +#| "“On the one hand, we have this beautiful shareability,” Amanda said. “On " +#| "the other, you’ve got a bunch of confused artists wondering how to make " +#| "money to buy food so we can make more art.”" msgid "" "While she seems to have successfully found that sweet spot for herself, " "Amanda is the first to acknowledge there is no silver bullet. She thinks the " -"digital age is both an exciting and frustrating time for creators. “On the " -"one hand, we have this beautiful shareability,” Amanda said. “On the other, " -"you’ve got a bunch of confused artists wondering how to make money to buy " -"food so we can make more art.”" +"digital age is both an exciting and frustrating time for creators. <quote>On " +"the one hand, we have this beautiful shareability,</quote> Amanda said. " +"<quote>On the other, you’ve got a bunch of confused artists wondering how to " +"make money to buy food so we can make more art.</quote>" msgstr "" "Mens hun for egen del synes å ha funnet dette vellykkede stedet, er Amanda " "den første til å erkjenne at det ikke er noen snarvei. Hun mener den " @@ -13757,7 +15452,20 @@ msgstr "" "tjener penger til å kjøpe mat så vi kan lage mer kunst»." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7229 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7251 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Amanda began her artistic career as a street performer. She would dress " +#| "up in an antique wedding gown, paint her face white, stand on a stack of " +#| "milk crates, and hand out flowers to strangers as part of a silent " +#| "dramatic performance. She collected money in a hat. Most people walked by " +#| "her without stopping, but an essential few stopped to watch and drop some " +#| "money into her hat to show their appreciation. Rather than dwelling on " +#| "the majority of people who ignored her, she felt thankful for those who " +#| "stopped. “All I needed was . . . some people,” she wrote in her book. " +#| "“Enough people. Enough to make it worth coming back the next day, enough " +#| "people to help me make rent and put food on the table. Enough so I could " +#| "keep making art.”" msgid "" "Amanda began her artistic career as a street performer. She would dress up " "in an antique wedding gown, paint her face white, stand on a stack of milk " @@ -13765,10 +15473,11 @@ msgid "" "performance. She collected money in a hat. Most people walked by her without " "stopping, but an essential few stopped to watch and drop some money into her " "hat to show their appreciation. Rather than dwelling on the majority of " -"people who ignored her, she felt thankful for those who stopped. “All I " -"needed was . . . some people,” she wrote in her book. “Enough people. Enough " -"to make it worth coming back the next day, enough people to help me make " -"rent and put food on the table. Enough so I could keep making art.”" +"people who ignored her, she felt thankful for those who stopped. <quote>All " +"I needed was . . . some people,</quote> she wrote in her book. <quote>Enough " +"people. Enough to make it worth coming back the next day, enough people to " +"help me make rent and put food on the table. Enough so I could keep making " +"art.</quote>" msgstr "" "Amanda begynte sin kunstneriske karrière som en gateartist. Hun kunne kle " "seg i en antikk brudekjole, male ansiktet hvitt, stå på en stabel med " @@ -13783,15 +15492,26 @@ msgstr "" "fortsette å lage kunst.»" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7243 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7265 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Amanda has come a long way from her street-performing days, but her " +#| "career remains dominated by that same sentiment—finding ways to reach " +#| "“her crowd” and feeling gratitude when she does. With her band the " +#| "Dresden Dolls, Amanda tried the traditional path of signing with a record " +#| "label. It didn’t take for a variety of reasons, but one of them was that " +#| "the label had absolutely no interest in Amanda’s view of success. They " +#| "wanted hits, but making music for the masses was never what Amanda and " +#| "the Dresden Dolls set out to do." msgid "" "Amanda has come a long way from her street-performing days, but her career " -"remains dominated by that same sentiment—finding ways to reach “her crowd” " -"and feeling gratitude when she does. With her band the Dresden Dolls, Amanda " -"tried the traditional path of signing with a record label. It didn’t take " -"for a variety of reasons, but one of them was that the label had absolutely " -"no interest in Amanda’s view of success. They wanted hits, but making music " -"for the masses was never what Amanda and the Dresden Dolls set out to do." +"remains dominated by that same sentiment—finding ways to reach <quote>her " +"crowd</quote> and feeling gratitude when she does. With her band the Dresden " +"Dolls, Amanda tried the traditional path of signing with a record label. It " +"didn’t take for a variety of reasons, but one of them was that the label had " +"absolutely no interest in Amanda’s view of success. They wanted hits, but " +"making music for the masses was never what Amanda and the Dresden Dolls set " +"out to do." msgstr "" "Amanda har kommet langt siden dagene som gateartist, men karrièren hennes " "domineres fortsatt av den samme følelsen, å finne måter å nå «sitt publikum " @@ -13803,16 +15523,28 @@ msgstr "" "Dresden Dolls var ment å skulle gjøre." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7254 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7276 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "After leaving the record label in 2008, she began experimenting with " +#| "different ways to make a living. She released music directly to the " +#| "public without involving a middle man, releasing digital files on a “pay " +#| "what you want” basis and selling CDs and vinyl. She also made money from " +#| "live performances and merchandise sales. Eventually, in 2012 she decided " +#| "to try her hand at the sort of crowdfunding we know so well today. Her " +#| "Kickstarter project started with a goal of $100,000, and she made $1.2 " +#| "million. It remains one of the most successful Kickstarter projects of " +#| "all time." msgid "" "After leaving the record label in 2008, she began experimenting with " "different ways to make a living. She released music directly to the public " -"without involving a middle man, releasing digital files on a “pay what you " -"want” basis and selling CDs and vinyl. She also made money from live " -"performances and merchandise sales. Eventually, in 2012 she decided to try " -"her hand at the sort of crowdfunding we know so well today. Her Kickstarter " -"project started with a goal of $100,000, and she made $1.2 million. It " -"remains one of the most successful Kickstarter projects of all time." +"without involving a middle man, releasing digital files on a <quote>pay what " +"you want</quote> basis and selling CDs and vinyl. She also made money from " +"live performances and merchandise sales. Eventually, in 2012 she decided to " +"try her hand at the sort of crowdfunding we know so well today. Her " +"Kickstarter project started with a goal of $100,000, and she made $1.2 " +"million. It remains one of the most successful Kickstarter projects of all " +"time." msgstr "" "Etter at hun forlot plateselskapet i 2008, begynte hun å eksperimentere med " "ulike måter å leve på. Hun ga ut musikk direkte til publikum uten å " @@ -13825,16 +15557,27 @@ msgstr "" "gjennom tidene." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7266 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7288 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Today, Amanda has switched gears away from crowdfunding for specific " +#| "projects to instead getting consistent financial support from her fan " +#| "base on Patreon, a crowdfunding site that allows artists to get recurring " +#| "donations from fans. More than eight thousand people have signed up to " +#| "support her so she can create music, art, and any other creative “thing” " +#| "that she is inspired to make. The recurring pledges are made on a “per " +#| "thing” basis. All of the content she makes is made freely available under " +#| "an Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license (CC BY-NC-SA)." msgid "" "Today, Amanda has switched gears away from crowdfunding for specific " "projects to instead getting consistent financial support from her fan base " "on Patreon, a crowdfunding site that allows artists to get recurring " "donations from fans. More than eight thousand people have signed up to " -"support her so she can create music, art, and any other creative “thing” " -"that she is inspired to make. The recurring pledges are made on a “per " -"thing” basis. All of the content she makes is made freely available under an " -"Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license (CC BY-NC-SA)." +"support her so she can create music, art, and any other creative " +"<quote>thing</quote> that she is inspired to make. The recurring pledges are " +"made on a <quote>per thing</quote> basis. All of the content she makes is " +"made freely available under an Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license " +"(CC BY-NC-SA)." msgstr "" "I dag har Amanda byttet fra folkefinansiering til spesifikke prosjekter, men " "får i stedet jevn økonomisk støtte fra sin fan-base på Patreon, et nettsted " @@ -13846,7 +15589,23 @@ msgstr "" "lisens (CC BY-NC-SA)." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7277 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7300 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Making her music and art available under Creative Commons licensing " +#| "undoubtedly limits her options for how she makes a living. But sharing " +#| "her work has been part of her model since the beginning of her career, " +#| "even before she discovered Creative Commons. Amanda says the Dresden " +#| "Dolls used to get ten emails per week from fans asking if they could use " +#| "their music for different projects. They said yes to all of the requests, " +#| "as long as it wasn’t for a completely for-profit venture. At the time, " +#| "they used a short-form agreement written by Amanda herself. “I made " +#| "everyone sign that contract so at least I wouldn’t be leaving the band " +#| "vulnerable to someone later going on and putting our music in a Camel " +#| "cigarette ad,” Amanda said. Once she discovered Creative Commons, " +#| "adopting the licenses was an easy decision because it gave them a more " +#| "formal, standardized way of doing what they had been doing all along. The " +#| "NonCommercial licenses were a natural fit." msgid "" "Making her music and art available under Creative Commons licensing " "undoubtedly limits her options for how she makes a living. But sharing her " @@ -13855,12 +15614,13 @@ msgid "" "to get ten emails per week from fans asking if they could use their music " "for different projects. They said yes to all of the requests, as long as it " "wasn’t for a completely for-profit venture. At the time, they used a short-" -"form agreement written by Amanda herself. “I made everyone sign that " +"form agreement written by Amanda herself. <quote>I made everyone sign that " "contract so at least I wouldn’t be leaving the band vulnerable to someone " -"later going on and putting our music in a Camel cigarette ad,” Amanda said. " -"Once she discovered Creative Commons, adopting the licenses was an easy " -"decision because it gave them a more formal, standardized way of doing what " -"they had been doing all along. The NonCommercial licenses were a natural fit." +"later going on and putting our music in a Camel cigarette ad,</quote> Amanda " +"said. Once she discovered Creative Commons, adopting the licenses was an " +"easy decision because it gave them a more formal, standardized way of doing " +"what they had been doing all along. The NonCommercial licenses were a " +"natural fit." msgstr "" "Hennes musikk og kunst med Creative Commons-lisenser begrenser utvilsomt " "hennes valgmuligheter for hvordan hun skaffer et levebrød. Men å dele sitt " @@ -13877,13 +15637,21 @@ msgstr "" "De ikke-kommersielle lisensene var en naturlig tilpasning." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7295 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7318 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Amanda embraces the way her fans share and build upon her music. In The " +#| "Art of Asking, she wrote that some of her fans’ unofficial videos using " +#| "her music surpass the official videos in number of views on YouTube. " +#| "Rather than seeing this sort of thing as competition, Amanda celebrates " +#| "it. “We got into this because we wanted to share the joy of music,” she " +#| "said." msgid "" "Amanda embraces the way her fans share and build upon her music. In The Art " "of Asking, she wrote that some of her fans’ unofficial videos using her " "music surpass the official videos in number of views on YouTube. Rather than " -"seeing this sort of thing as competition, Amanda celebrates it. “We got into " -"this because we wanted to share the joy of music,” she said." +"seeing this sort of thing as competition, Amanda celebrates it. <quote>We " +"got into this because we wanted to share the joy of music,</quote> she said." msgstr "" "Amanda omfavner måten tilhengerne hennes deler og bygger videre på musikken " "hennes. I «The Art of Asking» skrev hun at noen av tilhengerne har laget " @@ -13893,14 +15661,24 @@ msgstr "" "jeg ønsket å dele musikkgleden», sier hun." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7303 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7326 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "This is symbolic of how nearly everything she does in her career is " +#| "motivated by a desire to connect with her fans. At the start of her " +#| "career, she and the band would throw concerts at house parties. As the " +#| "gatherings grew, the line between fans and friends was completely " +#| "blurred. “Not only did most our early fans know where I lived and where " +#| "we practiced, but most of them had also been in my kitchen,” Amanda wrote " +#| "in The Art of Asking." msgid "" "This is symbolic of how nearly everything she does in her career is " "motivated by a desire to connect with her fans. At the start of her career, " "she and the band would throw concerts at house parties. As the gatherings " -"grew, the line between fans and friends was completely blurred. “Not only " -"did most our early fans know where I lived and where we practiced, but most " -"of them had also been in my kitchen,” Amanda wrote in The Art of Asking." +"grew, the line between fans and friends was completely blurred. <quote>Not " +"only did most our early fans know where I lived and where we practiced, but " +"most of them had also been in my kitchen,</quote> Amanda wrote in The Art of " +"Asking." msgstr "" "Dette er symbolsk for at nesten alt hun gjør i sin karrière, er motivert av " "et ønske om tilknytning til fansen. I starten av karrièren startet bandet " @@ -13910,7 +15688,18 @@ msgstr "" "kjøkkenet mitt», skrev Amanda i «The Art of Asking»." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7312 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7336 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Even though her fan base is now huge and global, she continues to seek " +#| "this sort of human connection with her fans. She seeks out face-to-face " +#| "contact with her fans every chance she can get. Her hugely successful " +#| "Kickstarter featured fifty concerts at house parties for backers. She " +#| "spends hours in the signing line after shows. It helps that Amanda has " +#| "the kind of dynamic, engaging personality that instantly draws people to " +#| "her, but a big component of her ability to connect with people is her " +#| "willingness to listen. “Listening fast and caring immediately is a skill " +#| "unto itself,” Amanda wrote." msgid "" "Even though her fan base is now huge and global, she continues to seek this " "sort of human connection with her fans. She seeks out face-to-face contact " @@ -13919,7 +15708,8 @@ msgid "" "the signing line after shows. It helps that Amanda has the kind of dynamic, " "engaging personality that instantly draws people to her, but a big component " "of her ability to connect with people is her willingness to listen. " -"“Listening fast and caring immediately is a skill unto itself,” Amanda wrote." +"<quote>Listening fast and caring immediately is a skill unto itself,</quote> " +"Amanda wrote." msgstr "" "Selv om fan-basen nå er stor og global, fortsetter hun å søke denne typen " "menneskelig kobling med fansen. Hun søker personlig kontakt med fansen hver " @@ -13932,7 +15722,7 @@ msgstr "" "skrev Amanda." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7324 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7348 msgid "" "Another part of the connection fans feel with Amanda is how much they know " "about her life. Rather than trying to craft a public persona or image, she " @@ -13951,14 +15741,22 @@ msgstr "" "etter en forestilling, kan de helt riktig føle at de kjenner henne." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7334 -msgid "" -"“With social media, we’re so concerned with the picture looking palatable " -"and consumable that we forget that being human and showing the flaws and " -"exposing the vulnerability actually create a deeper connection than just " -"looking fantastic,” Amanda said. “Everything in our culture is telling us " -"otherwise. But my experience has shown me that the risk of making yourself " -"vulnerable is almost always worth it.”" +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7357 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "“With social media, we’re so concerned with the picture looking palatable " +#| "and consumable that we forget that being human and showing the flaws and " +#| "exposing the vulnerability actually create a deeper connection than just " +#| "looking fantastic,” Amanda said. “Everything in our culture is telling " +#| "us otherwise. But my experience has shown me that the risk of making " +#| "yourself vulnerable is almost always worth it.”" +msgid "" +"<quote>With social media, we’re so concerned with the picture looking " +"palatable and consumable that we forget that being human and showing the " +"flaws and exposing the vulnerability actually create a deeper connection " +"than just looking fantastic,</quote> Amanda said. <quote>Everything in our " +"culture is telling us otherwise. But my experience has shown me that the " +"risk of making yourself vulnerable is almost always worth it.</quote>" msgstr "" "«Med sosiale medier er vi så opptatt med at bildet ser akseptabelt ut, så vi " "glemmer å være menneske, og at å vise feilene og sårbarhet, faktisk skaper " @@ -13967,7 +15765,7 @@ msgstr "" "risikoen for å vise seg selv sårbar, er nesten alltid verdt det.»" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7343 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7366 msgid "" "Not only does she disclose intimate details of her life to them, she sleeps " "on their couches, listens to their stories, cries with them. In short, she " @@ -13986,7 +15784,7 @@ msgstr "" "vennene dine – du deler." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7353 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7376 msgid "" "After years of investing time and energy into building trust with her fans, " "she has a strong enough relationship with them to ask for support—through " @@ -14005,13 +15803,22 @@ msgstr "" "din suksess." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7363 -msgid "" -"“When you openly, radically trust people, they not only take care of you, " -"they become your allies, your family,” she wrote. There really is a feeling " -"of solidarity within her core fan base. From the beginning, Amanda and her " -"band encouraged people to dress up for their shows. They consciously " -"cultivated a feeling of belonging to their “weird little family.”" +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7385 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "“When you openly, radically trust people, they not only take care of you, " +#| "they become your allies, your family,” she wrote. There really is a " +#| "feeling of solidarity within her core fan base. From the beginning, " +#| "Amanda and her band encouraged people to dress up for their shows. They " +#| "consciously cultivated a feeling of belonging to their “weird little " +#| "family.”" +msgid "" +"<quote>When you openly, radically trust people, they not only take care of " +"you, they become your allies, your family,</quote> she wrote. There really " +"is a feeling of solidarity within her core fan base. From the beginning, " +"Amanda and her band encouraged people to dress up for their shows. They " +"consciously cultivated a feeling of belonging to their <quote>weird little " +"family.</quote>" msgstr "" "«Når du åpent, virkelig stoler mennesker, tar de ikke bare ta vare på deg, " "de blir dine allierte, din familie», skrev hun. Det er virkelig en følelse " @@ -14020,15 +15827,24 @@ msgstr "" "dyrket en bevisst følelse av tilhørighet til «denne rare lille familien»." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7371 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7393 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "This sort of intimacy with fans is not possible or even desirable for " +#| "every creator. “I don’t take for granted that I happen to be the type of " +#| "person who loves cavorting with strangers,” Amanda said. “I recognize " +#| "that it’s not necessarily everyone’s idea of a good time. Everyone does " +#| "it differently. Replicating what I have done won’t work for others if it " +#| "isn’t joyful to them. It’s about finding a way to channel energy in a way " +#| "that is joyful to you.”" msgid "" "This sort of intimacy with fans is not possible or even desirable for every " -"creator. “I don’t take for granted that I happen to be the type of person " -"who loves cavorting with strangers,” Amanda said. “I recognize that it’s not " -"necessarily everyone’s idea of a good time. Everyone does it differently. " -"Replicating what I have done won’t work for others if it isn’t joyful to " -"them. It’s about finding a way to channel energy in a way that is joyful to " -"you.”" +"creator. <quote>I don’t take for granted that I happen to be the type of " +"person who loves cavorting with strangers,</quote> Amanda said. <quote>I " +"recognize that it’s not necessarily everyone’s idea of a good time. Everyone " +"does it differently. Replicating what I have done won’t work for others if " +"it isn’t joyful to them. It’s about finding a way to channel energy in a way " +"that is joyful to you.</quote>" msgstr "" "Slik intimitet med fans er ikke mulig, eller egentlig ønskelig for alle " "artister. «Jeg tar det ikke for gitt at jeg tilfeldigvis er den typen person " @@ -14039,7 +15855,7 @@ msgstr "" "energi på som gleder deg.»" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7380 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7403 msgid "" "Yet while Amanda joyfully interacts with her fans and involves them in her " "work as much as possible, she does keep one job primarily to herself—writing " @@ -14064,14 +15880,24 @@ msgstr "" "styrkes båndet med menneskelige relasjoner." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7393 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7416 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "For Amanda, the entire point of being an artist is to establish and " +#| "maintain this connection. “It sounds so corny,” she said, “but my " +#| "experience in forty years on this planet has pointed me to an obvious " +#| "truth—that connection with human beings feels so much better and more " +#| "fulfilling than approaching art through a capitalist lens. There is no " +#| "more satisfying end goal than having someone tell you that what you do is " +#| "genuinely of value to them.”" msgid "" "For Amanda, the entire point of being an artist is to establish and maintain " -"this connection. “It sounds so corny,” she said, “but my experience in forty " -"years on this planet has pointed me to an obvious truth—that connection with " -"human beings feels so much better and more fulfilling than approaching art " -"through a capitalist lens. There is no more satisfying end goal than having " -"someone tell you that what you do is genuinely of value to them.”" +"this connection. <quote>It sounds so corny,</quote> she said, <quote>but my " +"experience in forty years on this planet has pointed me to an obvious truth—" +"that connection with human beings feels so much better and more fulfilling " +"than approaching art through a capitalist lens. There is no more satisfying " +"end goal than having someone tell you that what you do is genuinely of value " +"to them.</quote>" msgstr "" "For Amanda er hele poenget med å være kunstner å etablere og opprettholde " "denne kontakten. «Det høres så banalt ut», sa hun, «men min erfaring, med " @@ -14081,7 +15907,7 @@ msgstr "" "mål enn at noen forteller deg at hva du gjør, virkelig er av verdi for dem.\"" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7402 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7426 msgid "" "As she explains it, when a fan gives her a ten-dollar bill, usually what " "they are saying is that the money symbolizes some deeper value the music " @@ -14100,12 +15926,12 @@ msgstr "" "lar hun dem gjøre det." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7413 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7437 msgid "PLOS (Public Library of Science)" msgstr "PLOS (Public Library of Science - Offentlig vitenskapsbibliotek)" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7416 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7440 msgid "" "PLOS (Public Library of Science) is a nonprofit that publishes a library of " "academic journals and other scientific literature. Founded in 2000 in the U." @@ -14116,12 +15942,12 @@ msgstr "" "Grunnlagt i år 2000 i USA." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7421 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7445 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://plos.org\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://plos.org\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7423 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7447 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging content " "creators an author processing charge to be featured in the journal" @@ -14130,18 +15956,18 @@ msgstr "" "betaler en artikkelprosessavgift for å bli publisert i tidsskiftet" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7427 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7451 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: March 7, 2016" msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Dato for intervju</emphasis>: 7. mars 2016" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7429 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7453 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Louise Page, publisher" msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Intervjuet</emphasis>: Louise Page, utgiver" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7437 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7461 msgid "" "The Public Library of Science (PLOS) began in 2000 when three leading " "scientists—Harold E. Varmus, Patrick O. Brown, and Michael Eisen—started an " @@ -14168,7 +15994,7 @@ msgstr "" "forskningsartikler utgitt med Attribution (CC BY)-lisenser." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7451 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7475 msgid "" "Traditionally, academic publishing begins with an author submitting a " "manuscript to a publisher. After in-house technical and ethical " @@ -14191,7 +16017,7 @@ msgstr "" "eller artikkelen." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7462 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7486 msgid "" "For Louise Page, the current publisher of PLOS, this traditional model " "results in inequity. Access is restricted to those who can pay. Most " @@ -14215,7 +16041,7 @@ msgstr "" "modell." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7474 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7498 msgid "" "That new model became known as open access. That is, free and open " "availability on the Internet. Open-access research articles are not behind a " @@ -14238,7 +16064,7 @@ msgstr "" "publisering." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7486 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7510 msgid "" "However, open access requires rethinking the business model of research " "publication. Rather than charge a subscription fee to access the journal, " @@ -14262,7 +16088,7 @@ msgstr "" "tegninger, tall eller andre elementer." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7498 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7522 msgid "" "Calculating the article-processing charge involves taking all the costs " "associated with publishing the journal and determining a cost per article " @@ -14281,7 +16107,7 @@ msgstr "" "startet i 2006, er like under 1500 dollar." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7507 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7531 msgid "" "PLOS believes that lack of funds should not be a barrier to publication. " "Since its inception, PLOS has provided fee support for individuals and " @@ -14293,7 +16119,7 @@ msgstr "" "artikkelbehandling." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7513 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7537 msgid "" "Louise identifies marketing as one area of big difference between PLOS and " "traditional journal publishers. Traditional journals have to invest heavily " @@ -14325,7 +16151,7 @@ msgstr "" "for publisering." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7530 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7554 msgid "" "For Louise, PLOS would not exist without the Attribution license (CC BY). " "This makes it very clear what rights are associated with the content and " @@ -14342,7 +16168,7 @@ msgstr "" "publisert og spredd." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7538 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7562 msgid "" "PLOS also has a broad open-data policy. To get their research paper " "published, PLOS authors must also make their data available in a public " @@ -14353,7 +16179,7 @@ msgstr "" "offentlig kildebrønn, og gi en erklæring om datatilgjengelighet." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7543 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7567 msgid "" "Business-operation costs associated with the open-access model still largely " "follow the existing publishing model. PLOS journals are online only, but the " @@ -14372,7 +16198,7 @@ msgstr "" "publisere." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7552 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7576 msgid "" "Researchers are influenced by journal rankings, which reflect the place of a " "journal within its field, the relative difficulty of being published in that " @@ -14385,7 +16211,7 @@ msgstr "" "journaler rangerer høyt, selv om de er relativt nye." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7558 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7582 msgid "" "The promotion and tenure of researchers are partially based how many times " "other researchers cite their articles. Louise says when researchers want to " @@ -14403,7 +16229,7 @@ msgstr "" "forfattere." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7567 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7591 msgid "" "Louise believes that open access has been a huge success, progressing from a " "movement led by a small cadre of researchers to something that is now " @@ -14419,7 +16245,7 @@ msgstr "" "noen andre." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7575 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7599 msgid "" "PLOS further disrupted the traditional journal-publishing model by " "pioneering the concept of a megajournal. The PLOS ONE megajournal, launched " @@ -14462,7 +16288,7 @@ msgstr "" "tverrfaglige fora for å publisere all solid vitenskap." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7599 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7623 msgid "" "Louise outlined some other aspects of the research-journal business model " "PLOS is experimenting with, describing each as a kind of slider that could " @@ -14473,7 +16299,7 @@ msgstr "" "som en slags skyvekontroll som kan justeres for å endre gjeldende praksis." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7604 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7628 msgid "" "One slider is time to publication. Time to publication may shorten as " "journals get better at providing quicker decisions to authors. However, " @@ -14487,7 +16313,7 @@ msgstr "" "uunngåelig ta." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7611 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7635 msgid "" "Peer review is another part of the process that could change. It’s possible " "to redefine what peer review actually is, when to review, and what " @@ -14511,7 +16337,7 @@ msgstr "" "utgiver og forfatter." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7623 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7647 msgid "" "Louise says research with negative outcomes is almost as important as " "positive results. If journals published more research with negative " @@ -14524,7 +16350,7 @@ msgstr "" "mye av forskningshjulet som blir gjenoppfunnet rundt om i verden." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7630 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7654 msgid "" "Another adjustable practice is the sharing of articles at early preprint " "stages. Publication of research in a peer-reviewed journal can take a long " @@ -14556,7 +16382,7 @@ msgstr "" "utfordring er at forskerne ikke har mye tid til å kommentere dokumentutkast." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7648 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7672 msgid "" "What constitutes a journal article could also change. The idea of a research " "article as printed, bound, and in a library stack is outdated. Digital and " @@ -14576,17 +16402,17 @@ msgstr "" "endringer." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7662 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7686 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://collections.plos.org\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://collections.plos.org\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7666 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7690 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://plos.org/article-level-metrics\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://plos.org/article-level-metrics\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7658 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7682 msgid "" "As journals scale up, and new journals are introduced, more and more " "information is being pushed out to readers, making the experience feel like " @@ -14614,7 +16440,7 @@ msgstr "" "å kommunisere med forfattere på." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7671 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7695 msgid "" "The big picture for PLOS going forward is to combine and adjust these " "experimental practices in ways that continue to improve accessibility and " @@ -14633,7 +16459,7 @@ msgstr "" "sammen med forfattere og lesere som er åpne for eksperimentering." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7681 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7705 msgid "" "For PLOS, success is not about revenue. Success is about proving that " "scientific research can be communicated rapidly and economically at scale, " @@ -14652,7 +16478,7 @@ msgstr "" "kvalitetsartikler kan leses gratis." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7691 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7715 msgid "" "Ultimately, for PLOS, its authors, and its readers, success is about making " "research discoverable, available, and reproducible for the advancement of " @@ -14662,12 +16488,12 @@ msgstr "" "overskuelig, tilgjengelig og reproduserbar, til fremme av vitenskap." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7697 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7721 msgid "Rijksmuseum" msgstr "Rijksmuseum" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7700 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7724 msgid "" "The Rijksmuseum is a Dutch national museum dedicated to art and history. " "Founded in 1800 in the Netherlands" @@ -14676,12 +16502,12 @@ msgstr "" "Grunnlagt i 1800 i Nederland" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7704 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7728 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7706 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7730 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: grants and government " "funding, charging for in-person version (museum admission), selling " @@ -14691,13 +16517,13 @@ msgstr "" "finansiering, betaling for personlig versjon (museumsadgang), og varesalg" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7710 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7734 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: December 11, 2015" msgstr "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Dato for intervju</emphasis>: 11. desember 2015" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7713 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7737 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Lizzy Jongma, the data " "manager of the collections information department" @@ -14706,7 +16532,7 @@ msgstr "" "innsamlingsinformasjonen" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7721 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7745 msgid "" "The Rijksmuseum, a national museum in the Netherlands dedicated to art and " "history, has been housed in its current building since 1885. The monumental " @@ -14734,7 +16560,7 @@ msgstr "" "mer åpen modell for museet." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7737 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7761 msgid "" "By the time Lizzy Jongma joined the Rijksmuseum in 2011 as a data manager, " "staff were fed up with the situation the museum was in. They also realized " @@ -14760,7 +16586,7 @@ msgstr "" "kortkatalog som database over hele samlingen på nettet." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7751 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7775 msgid "" "It was effective but a bit boring. It was just data. A hackathon they were " "invited to got them to start talking about events like that as having " @@ -14777,12 +16603,12 @@ msgstr "" "slutt til at: Hvorfor ikke legge hele samlingen ut på nettet?" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7762 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7786 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.europeana.eu/portal/en\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://www.europeana.eu/portal/en\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7760 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7784 msgid "" "Then, Lizzy says, Europeana came along. Europeana is Europe’s digital " "library, museum, and archive for cultural heritage.<placeholder type=" @@ -14808,9 +16634,21 @@ msgstr "" "mer diskusjon om hvorvidt Rijksmuseum skal følge etter." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7774 -msgid "" -"They realized that they don’t “own” the collection and couldn’t " +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7798 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "They realized that they don’t “own” the collection and couldn’t " +#| "realistically monitor and enforce compliance with the restrictive " +#| "licensing terms they currently had in place. For example, many copies and " +#| "versions of Vermeer’s Milkmaid (part of their collection) were already " +#| "online, many of them of very poor quality. They could spend time and " +#| "money policing its use, but it would probably be futile and wouldn’t make " +#| "people stop using their images online. They ended up thinking it’s an " +#| "utter waste of time to hunt down people who use the Rijksmuseum " +#| "collection. And anyway, restricting access meant the people they were " +#| "frustrating the most were schoolkids." +msgid "" +"They realized that they don’t <quote>own</quote> the collection and couldn’t " "realistically monitor and enforce compliance with the restrictive licensing " "terms they currently had in place. For example, many copies and versions of " "Vermeer’s Milkmaid (part of their collection) were already online, many of " @@ -14832,7 +16670,7 @@ msgstr "" "skolebarn." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7787 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7811 msgid "" "In 2011 the Rijksmuseum began making their digital photos of works known to " "be free of copyright available online, using Creative Commons CC0 to place " @@ -14858,7 +16696,7 @@ msgstr "" "hadde mange heftige debatter om hva de skulle gjøre." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7801 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7825 msgid "" "In 2013 the Rijksmuseum changed its business model. They Creative Commons " "licensed their highest-quality images and released them online for free. " @@ -14879,7 +16717,20 @@ msgstr "" "sin tilgjengelig, med det mål å få hele samlingen på nettet." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7812 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7836 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Releasing these high-quality images for free reduced the number of poor-" +#| "quality images that were proliferating. The high-quality image of " +#| "Vermeer’s Milkmaid, for example, is downloaded two to three thousand " +#| "times a month. On the Internet, images from a source like the Rijksmuseum " +#| "are more trusted, and releasing them with a Creative Commons CC0 means " +#| "they can easily be found in other platforms. For example, Rijksmuseum " +#| "images are now used in thousands of Wikipedia articles, receiving ten to " +#| "eleven million views per month. This extends Rijksmuseum’s reach far " +#| "beyond the scope of its website. Sharing these images online creates what " +#| "Lizzy calls the “Mona Lisa effect,” where a work of art becomes so famous " +#| "that people want to see it in real life by visiting the actual museum." msgid "" "Releasing these high-quality images for free reduced the number of poor-" "quality images that were proliferating. The high-quality image of Vermeer’s " @@ -14889,9 +16740,9 @@ msgid "" "found in other platforms. For example, Rijksmuseum images are now used in " "thousands of Wikipedia articles, receiving ten to eleven million views per " "month. This extends Rijksmuseum’s reach far beyond the scope of its website. " -"Sharing these images online creates what Lizzy calls the “Mona Lisa effect,” " -"where a work of art becomes so famous that people want to see it in real " -"life by visiting the actual museum." +"Sharing these images online creates what Lizzy calls the <quote>Mona Lisa " +"effect,</quote> where a work of art becomes so famous that people want to " +"see it in real life by visiting the actual museum." msgstr "" "Å legge ut disse høykvalitetsbildene gratis, reduserte den sterkt voksende " "spredningen av bilder med dårlig kvalitet. For eksempel blir " @@ -14906,7 +16757,7 @@ msgstr "" "å se det i det virkelige liv ved å besøke det aktuelle museet." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7827 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7851 msgid "" "Every museum tends to be driven by the number of physical visitors. The " "Rijksmuseum is primarily publicly funded, receiving roughly 70 percent of " @@ -14922,7 +16773,7 @@ msgstr "" "inntekter på, blant annet for Rijksmuseum." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7835 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7859 msgid "" "As museums create a digital presence for themselves and put up digital " "representations of their collection online, there’s frequently a worry that " @@ -14947,12 +16798,12 @@ msgstr "" "museets synlighet." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7855 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7879 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7849 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7873 msgid "" "In 2011 the Rijksmuseum received €1 million from the Dutch lottery to create " "a new web presence that would be different from any other museum’s. In " @@ -14970,15 +16821,25 @@ msgstr "" "\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7858 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7882 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "The Rijksstudio gives users access to over two hundred thousand high-" +#| "quality digital representations of masterworks from the collection. Users " +#| "can zoom in to any work and even clip small parts of images they like. " +#| "Rijksstudio is a bit like Pinterest. You can “like” works and compile " +#| "your personal favorites, and you can share them with friends or download " +#| "them free of charge. All the images in the Rijksstudio are copyright and " +#| "royalty free, and users are encouraged to use them as they like, for " +#| "private or even commercial purposes." msgid "" "The Rijksstudio gives users access to over two hundred thousand high-quality " "digital representations of masterworks from the collection. Users can zoom " "in to any work and even clip small parts of images they like. Rijksstudio is " -"a bit like Pinterest. You can “like” works and compile your personal " -"favorites, and you can share them with friends or download them free of " -"charge. All the images in the Rijksstudio are copyright and royalty free, " -"and users are encouraged to use them as they like, for private or even " +"a bit like Pinterest. You can <quote>like</quote> works and compile your " +"personal favorites, and you can share them with friends or download them " +"free of charge. All the images in the Rijksstudio are copyright and royalty " +"free, and users are encouraged to use them as they like, for private or even " "commercial purposes." msgstr "" "Rijksstudio gir brukere tilgang til over to hundretusen høykvalitets " @@ -14991,7 +16852,7 @@ msgstr "" "kommersielle formål." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7869 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7893 msgid "" "Users have created over 276,000 Rijksstudios, generating their own themed " "virtual exhibitions on a wide variety of topics ranging from tapestries to " @@ -15004,7 +16865,7 @@ msgstr "" "for bruk ved skoleeksamen." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7876 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7900 msgid "" "Some contemporary artists who have works in the Rijksmuseum collection " "contacted them to ask why their works were not included in the Rijksstudio. " @@ -15025,7 +16886,7 @@ msgstr "" "tilgjengelig for publikum, men innenfor de grensene kunstnerne har angitt." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7896 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7920 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.etsy.com/ca/listing/175696771/fringe-kimono-silk-" "kimono-kimono-robe\"/>" @@ -15034,7 +16895,7 @@ msgstr "" "kimono-kimono-robe\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7887 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7911 msgid "" "The Rijksmuseum believes that art stimulates entrepreneurial activity. The " "line between creative and commercial can be blurry. As Lizzy says, even " @@ -15058,7 +16919,7 @@ msgstr "" "\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7900 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7924 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-award\"/>; the 2014 " "award: <ulink url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-award-2014\"/>; " @@ -15071,7 +16932,7 @@ msgstr "" "award-2015\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7912 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7936 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/rijksstudio/142328--nominees-" "rijksstudio-award/creaties/ba595afe-452d-46bd-9c8c-48dcbdd7f0a4\"/>" @@ -15080,7 +16941,7 @@ msgstr "" "rijksstudio-award/creaties/ba595afe-452d-46bd-9c8c-48dcbdd7f0a4\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7899 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7923 msgid "" "In 2013 the Rijksmuseum organized their first high-profile design " "competition, known as the Rijksstudio Award.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " @@ -15111,7 +16972,7 @@ msgstr "" "Rijksstudio-prisen startet i September 2016." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7918 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7942 msgid "" "For the next iteration of the Rijksstudio, the Rijksmuseum is considering an " "upload tool, for people to upload their own works of art, and enhanced " @@ -15122,7 +16983,7 @@ msgstr "" "sosiale elementer der brukere kan samarbeide mer med hverandre." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7924 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7948 msgid "" "Going with a more open business model generated lots of publicity for the " "Rijksmuseum. They were one of the first museums to open up their collection " @@ -15138,7 +16999,7 @@ msgstr "" "trettifemtusen pr. måned til trehundretusen besøk." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7933 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7957 msgid "" "The Rijksmuseum has been experimenting with other ways to invite the public " "to look at and interact with their collection. On an international day " @@ -15162,23 +17023,41 @@ msgstr "" "samfunnet på det tidspunktet maleriet ble laget." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7946 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7970 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "For the Rijksmuseum, adopting an open business model was scary. They " +#| "came up with many worst-case scenarios, imagining all kinds of awful " +#| "things people might do with the museum’s works. But Lizzy says those " +#| "fears did not come true because “ninety-nine percent of people have " +#| "respect for great art.” Many museums think they can make a lot of money " +#| "by selling things related to their collection. But in Lizzy’s " +#| "experience, museums are usually bad at selling things, and sometimes " +#| "efforts to generate a small amount of money block something much bigger—" +#| "the real value that the collection has. For Lizzy, clinging to small " +#| "amounts of revenue is being penny-wise but pound-foolish. For the " +#| "Rijksmuseum, a key lesson has been to never lose sight of its vision for " +#| "the collection. Allowing access to and use of their collection has " +#| "generated great promotional value—far more than the previous practice of " +#| "charging fees for access and use. Lizzy sums up their experience: “Give " +#| "away; get something in return. Generosity makes people happy to join you " +#| "and help out.”" msgid "" "For the Rijksmuseum, adopting an open business model was scary. They came " "up with many worst-case scenarios, imagining all kinds of awful things " "people might do with the museum’s works. But Lizzy says those fears did not " -"come true because “ninety-nine percent of people have respect for great " -"art.” Many museums think they can make a lot of money by selling things " -"related to their collection. But in Lizzy’s experience, museums are usually " -"bad at selling things, and sometimes efforts to generate a small amount of " -"money block something much bigger—the real value that the collection has. " -"For Lizzy, clinging to small amounts of revenue is being penny-wise but " -"pound-foolish. For the Rijksmuseum, a key lesson has been to never lose " -"sight of its vision for the collection. Allowing access to and use of their " -"collection has generated great promotional value—far more than the previous " -"practice of charging fees for access and use. Lizzy sums up their " -"experience: “Give away; get something in return. Generosity makes people " -"happy to join you and help out.”" +"come true because <quote>ninety-nine percent of people have respect for " +"great art.</quote> Many museums think they can make a lot of money by " +"selling things related to their collection. But in Lizzy’s experience, " +"museums are usually bad at selling things, and sometimes efforts to generate " +"a small amount of money block something much bigger—the real value that the " +"collection has. For Lizzy, clinging to small amounts of revenue is being " +"penny-wise but pound-foolish. For the Rijksmuseum, a key lesson has been to " +"never lose sight of its vision for the collection. Allowing access to and " +"use of their collection has generated great promotional value—far more than " +"the previous practice of charging fees for access and use. Lizzy sums up " +"their experience: <quote>Give away; get something in return. Generosity " +"makes people happy to join you and help out.</quote>" msgstr "" "For Rijksmuseum var å vedta en åpen forretningsmodell skremmende. De kom opp " "med mange i verste tilfelle, og forestilte seg alle typer av forferdelige " @@ -15196,23 +17075,23 @@ msgstr "" "og få noe i retur. Gavmildhet gjør at folk gjerne blir med og hjelper til.\"" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7966 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7990 msgid "Shareable" msgstr "Shareable" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7969 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7993 msgid "" "Shareable is an online magazine about sharing. Founded in 2009 in the U.S." msgstr "Shareable er en nettmagasin om deling. Etablert i 2009 i USA." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7973 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7997 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.shareable.net\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://www.shareable.net\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7975 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7999 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: grant funding, " "crowdfunding (project-based), donations, sponsorships" @@ -15221,13 +17100,13 @@ msgstr "" "folkefinansiering (prosjektbasert), donasjoner, sponsing" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7978 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8002 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 24, 2016" msgstr "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Dato for intervju</emphasis>: 24. februar 2016" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7981 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8005 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Neal Gorenflo, cofounder " "and executive editor" @@ -15236,16 +17115,26 @@ msgstr "" "og administrerende redaktør" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7989 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8013 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "In 2013, Shareable faced an impasse. The nonprofit online publication had " +#| "helped start a sharing movement four years prior, but over time, they " +#| "watched one part of the movement stray from its ideals. As giants like " +#| "Uber and Airbnb gained ground, attention began to center on the “sharing " +#| "economy” we know now—profit-driven, transactional, and loaded with " +#| "venture-capital money. Leaders of corporate start-ups in this domain " +#| "invited Shareable to advocate for them. The magazine faced a choice: ride " +#| "the wave or stand on principle." msgid "" "In 2013, Shareable faced an impasse. The nonprofit online publication had " "helped start a sharing movement four years prior, but over time, they " "watched one part of the movement stray from its ideals. As giants like Uber " -"and Airbnb gained ground, attention began to center on the “sharing economy” " -"we know now—profit-driven, transactional, and loaded with venture-capital " -"money. Leaders of corporate start-ups in this domain invited Shareable to " -"advocate for them. The magazine faced a choice: ride the wave or stand on " -"principle." +"and Airbnb gained ground, attention began to center on the <quote>sharing " +"economy</quote> we know now—profit-driven, transactional, and loaded with " +"venture-capital money. Leaders of corporate start-ups in this domain invited " +"Shareable to advocate for them. The magazine faced a choice: ride the wave " +"or stand on principle." msgstr "" "I 2013 møtte Shareable en blindgate. Denne nettbaserte nonprofit-" "publikasjonen hjalp til med å starte en delingsbevegelse fire år tidligere, " @@ -15257,7 +17146,18 @@ msgstr "" "valg: Å ri på bølgen, eller stå på prinsippet." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8000 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8024 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "As an organization, Shareable decided to draw a line in the sand. In " +#| "2013, the cofounder and executive editor Neal Gorenflo wrote an opinion " +#| "piece in the PandoDaily that charted Shareable’s new critical stance on " +#| "the Silicon Valley version of the sharing economy, while contrasting it " +#| "with aspects of the real sharing economy like open-source software, " +#| "participatory budgeting (where citizens decide how a public budget is " +#| "spent), cooperatives, and more. He wrote, “It’s not so much that " +#| "collaborative consumption is dead, it’s more that it risks dying as it " +#| "gets absorbed by the ‘Borg.’”" msgid "" "As an organization, Shareable decided to draw a line in the sand. In 2013, " "the cofounder and executive editor Neal Gorenflo wrote an opinion piece in " @@ -15265,8 +17165,9 @@ msgid "" "Valley version of the sharing economy, while contrasting it with aspects of " "the real sharing economy like open-source software, participatory budgeting " "(where citizens decide how a public budget is spent), cooperatives, and " -"more. He wrote, “It’s not so much that collaborative consumption is dead, " -"it’s more that it risks dying as it gets absorbed by the ‘Borg.’”" +"more. He wrote, <quote>It’s not so much that collaborative consumption is " +"dead, it’s more that it risks dying as it gets absorbed by the <quote>Borg.</" +"quote></quote>" msgstr "" "Som organisasjon besluttet Shareable å sette en strek. I 2013 skrev " "medstifter og sjefsredaktør Neal Gorenflo et innlegg i PandoDaily som kartla " @@ -15279,14 +17180,22 @@ msgstr "" "»." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8012 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8036 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Neal said their public critique of the corporate sharing economy defined " +#| "what Shareable was and is. He does not think the magazine would still be " +#| "around had they chosen differently. “We would have gotten another type of " +#| "audience, but it would have spelled the end of us,” he said. “We are a " +#| "small, mission-driven organization. We would never have been able to " +#| "weather the criticism that Airbnb and Uber are getting now.”" msgid "" "Neal said their public critique of the corporate sharing economy defined " "what Shareable was and is. He does not think the magazine would still be " -"around had they chosen differently. “We would have gotten another type of " -"audience, but it would have spelled the end of us,” he said. “We are a " -"small, mission-driven organization. We would never have been able to weather " -"the criticism that Airbnb and Uber are getting now.”" +"around had they chosen differently. <quote>We would have gotten another type " +"of audience, but it would have spelled the end of us,</quote> he said. " +"<quote>We are a small, mission-driven organization. We would never have been " +"able to weather the criticism that Airbnb and Uber are getting now.</quote>" msgstr "" "Neal sa at deres offentlige kritikk av konsernbasert delingsøkonomi " "definerte hva Shareable var og er. Han tror ikke magasinet forsatt ville ha " @@ -15296,7 +17205,17 @@ msgstr "" "den kritikken som Airbnb og Uber møter nå»." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8021 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8046 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Interestingly, impassioned supporters are only a small sliver of " +#| "Shareable’s total audience. Most are casual readers who come across a " +#| "Shareable story because it happens to align with a project or interest " +#| "they have. But choosing principles over the possibility of riding the " +#| "coattails of the major corporate players in the sharing space saved " +#| "Shareable’s credibility. Although they became detached from the corporate " +#| "sharing economy, the online magazine became the voice of the “real " +#| "sharing economy” and continued to grow their audience." msgid "" "Interestingly, impassioned supporters are only a small sliver of Shareable’s " "total audience. Most are casual readers who come across a Shareable story " @@ -15304,8 +17223,8 @@ msgid "" "choosing principles over the possibility of riding the coattails of the " "major corporate players in the sharing space saved Shareable’s credibility. " "Although they became detached from the corporate sharing economy, the online " -"magazine became the voice of the “real sharing economy” and continued to " -"grow their audience." +"magazine became the voice of the <quote>real sharing economy</quote> and " +"continued to grow their audience." msgstr "" "Interessant nok er lidenskapelige tilhengere bare en liten del av Shareables " "samlede publikum. De fleste er tilfeldige lesere som kommer over en " @@ -15317,16 +17236,27 @@ msgstr "" "et voksende publikum." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8032 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8057 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Shareable is a magazine, but the content they publish is a means to " +#| "furthering their role as a leader and catalyst of a movement. Shareable " +#| "became a leader in the movement in 2009. “At that time, there was a " +#| "sharing movement bubbling beneath the surface, but no one was connecting " +#| "the dots,” Neal said. “We decided to step into that space and take on " +#| "that role.” The small team behind the nonprofit publication truly " +#| "believed sharing could be central to solving some of the major problems " +#| "human beings face—resource inequality, social isolation, and global " +#| "warming." msgid "" "Shareable is a magazine, but the content they publish is a means to " "furthering their role as a leader and catalyst of a movement. Shareable " -"became a leader in the movement in 2009. “At that time, there was a sharing " -"movement bubbling beneath the surface, but no one was connecting the dots,” " -"Neal said. “We decided to step into that space and take on that role.” The " -"small team behind the nonprofit publication truly believed sharing could be " -"central to solving some of the major problems human beings face—resource " -"inequality, social isolation, and global warming." +"became a leader in the movement in 2009. <quote>At that time, there was a " +"sharing movement bubbling beneath the surface, but no one was connecting the " +"dots,</quote> Neal said. <quote>We decided to step into that space and take " +"on that role.</quote> The small team behind the nonprofit publication truly " +"believed sharing could be central to solving some of the major problems " +"human beings face—resource inequality, social isolation, and global warming." msgstr "" "Shareable er et blad, men innholdet de publiserer er et middel til å fremme " "sin rolle som leder og katalysator for en bevegelse. Shareable ble leder i " @@ -15338,16 +17268,26 @@ msgstr "" "isolasjon og global oppvarming." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8043 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8069 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "They have worked hard to find ways to tell stories that show different " +#| "metrics for success. “We wanted to change the notion of what constitutes " +#| "the good life,” Neal said. While they started out with a very broad focus " +#| "on sharing generally, today they emphasize stories about the physical " +#| "commons like “sharing cities” (i.e., urban areas managed in a " +#| "sustainable, cooperative way), as well as digital platforms that are run " +#| "democratically. They particularly focus on how-to content that help their " +#| "readers make changes in their own lives and communities." msgid "" "They have worked hard to find ways to tell stories that show different " -"metrics for success. “We wanted to change the notion of what constitutes the " -"good life,” Neal said. While they started out with a very broad focus on " -"sharing generally, today they emphasize stories about the physical commons " -"like “sharing cities” (i.e., urban areas managed in a sustainable, " -"cooperative way), as well as digital platforms that are run democratically. " -"They particularly focus on how-to content that help their readers make " -"changes in their own lives and communities." +"metrics for success. <quote>We wanted to change the notion of what " +"constitutes the good life,</quote> Neal said. While they started out with a " +"very broad focus on sharing generally, today they emphasize stories about " +"the physical commons like <quote>sharing cities</quote> (i.e., urban areas " +"managed in a sustainable, cooperative way), as well as digital platforms " +"that are run democratically. They particularly focus on how-to content that " +"help their readers make changes in their own lives and communities." msgstr "" "De har jobbet hardt for å finne måter å fortelle historier som viser ulike " "grep for suksess. «Vi ønsket å endre oppfatningen av hva som utgjør det gode " @@ -15359,19 +17299,32 @@ msgstr "" "i sine egne liv og samfunn." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8054 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8081 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "More than half of Shareable’s stories are written by paid journalists " +#| "that are contracted by the magazine. “Particularly in content areas that " +#| "are a priority for us, we really want to go deep and control the " +#| "quality,” Neal said. The rest of the content is either contributed by " +#| "guest writers, often for free, or written by other publications from " +#| "their network of content publishers. Shareable is a member of the Post " +#| "Growth Alliance, which facilitates the sharing of content and audiences " +#| "among a large and growing group of mostly nonprofits. Each organization " +#| "gets a chance to present stories to the group, and the organizations can " +#| "use and promote each other’s stories. Much of the content created by the " +#| "network is licensed with Creative Commons." msgid "" "More than half of Shareable’s stories are written by paid journalists that " -"are contracted by the magazine. “Particularly in content areas that are a " -"priority for us, we really want to go deep and control the quality,” Neal " -"said. The rest of the content is either contributed by guest writers, often " -"for free, or written by other publications from their network of content " -"publishers. Shareable is a member of the Post Growth Alliance, which " -"facilitates the sharing of content and audiences among a large and growing " -"group of mostly nonprofits. Each organization gets a chance to present " -"stories to the group, and the organizations can use and promote each other’s " -"stories. Much of the content created by the network is licensed with " -"Creative Commons." +"are contracted by the magazine. <quote>Particularly in content areas that " +"are a priority for us, we really want to go deep and control the quality,</" +"quote> Neal said. The rest of the content is either contributed by guest " +"writers, often for free, or written by other publications from their network " +"of content publishers. Shareable is a member of the Post Growth Alliance, " +"which facilitates the sharing of content and audiences among a large and " +"growing group of mostly nonprofits. Each organization gets a chance to " +"present stories to the group, and the organizations can use and promote each " +"other’s stories. Much of the content created by the network is licensed " +"with Creative Commons." msgstr "" "Mer enn halvparten av Shareables historier er skrevet av betalte " "journalister som har kontrakt med bladet. «Spesielt i områder som har en " @@ -15386,18 +17339,32 @@ msgstr "" "med Creative Commons." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8068 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8096 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "All of Shareable’s original content is published under the Attribution " +#| "license (CC BY), meaning it can be used for any purpose as long as credit " +#| "is given to Shareable. Creative Commons licensing is aligned with " +#| "Shareable’s vision, mission, and identity. That alone explains the " +#| "organization’s embrace of the licenses for their content, but Neal also " +#| "believes CC licensing helps them increase their reach. “By using CC " +#| "licensing,” he said, “we realized we could reach far more people through " +#| "a formal and informal network of republishers or affiliates. That has " +#| "definitely been the case. It’s hard for us to measure the reach of other " +#| "media properties, but most of the outlets who republish our work have " +#| "much bigger audiences than we do.”" msgid "" "All of Shareable’s original content is published under the Attribution " "license (CC BY), meaning it can be used for any purpose as long as credit is " "given to Shareable. Creative Commons licensing is aligned with Shareable’s " "vision, mission, and identity. That alone explains the organization’s " "embrace of the licenses for their content, but Neal also believes CC " -"licensing helps them increase their reach. “By using CC licensing,” he said, " -"“we realized we could reach far more people through a formal and informal " -"network of republishers or affiliates. That has definitely been the case. " -"It’s hard for us to measure the reach of other media properties, but most of " -"the outlets who republish our work have much bigger audiences than we do.”" +"licensing helps them increase their reach. <quote>By using CC licensing,</" +"quote> he said, <quote>we realized we could reach far more people through a " +"formal and informal network of republishers or affiliates. That has " +"definitely been the case. It’s hard for us to measure the reach of other " +"media properties, but most of the outlets who republish our work have much " +"bigger audiences than we do.</quote>" msgstr "" "Alt Shareables originale innhold er publisert under Attribution-license (CC " "BY), som betyr at det kan brukes til alle formål så fremt henvisning gis til " @@ -15411,7 +17378,7 @@ msgstr "" "som publiserer vårt arbeid har mye større publikum enn vi har»." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8082 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8111 msgid "" "In addition to their regular news and commentary online, Shareable has also " "experimented with book publishing. In 2012, they worked with a traditional " @@ -15425,12 +17392,12 @@ msgstr "" "også eksperimentert med publisering. I 2012 jobbet de med et tradisjonelt " "forlag for å gi ut «Share or Die: Voices of the Get Lost Generation in an " "Age of Crisis». Den CC-lisensierte boken var tilgjengelig i trykt form for " -"kjøp eller gratis på nettet. Boken, sammen med deres CC-lisensierte guide «" -"Policies for Shareable Cities», er to av de største produsentene av trafikk " +"kjøp eller gratis på nettet. Boken, sammen med deres CC-lisensierte guide " +"«Policies for Shareable Cities», er to av de største produsentene av trafikk " "på hjemmesiden deres." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8092 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8121 msgid "" "In 2016, Shareable self-published a book of curated Shareable stories called " "How to: Share, Save Money and Have Fun. The book was available for sale, but " @@ -15443,7 +17410,7 @@ msgstr "" "planlegger å tilby boken i kommende pengeinnsamlingskampanjer." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8099 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8128 msgid "" "This recent book is one of many fund-raising experiments Shareable has " "conducted in recent years. Currently, Shareable is primarily funded by " @@ -15462,17 +17429,28 @@ msgstr "" "samfunnet, vil bedre representere deres visjon av verden." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8109 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8138 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "For Shareable, success is very much about their impact on the world. This " +#| "is true for Neal, but also for everyone who works for Shareable. “We " +#| "attract passionate people,” Neal said. At times, that means employees " +#| "work so hard they burn out. Neal tries to stress to the Shareable team " +#| "that another part of success is having fun and taking care of yourself " +#| "while you do something you love. “A central part of human beings is that " +#| "we long to be on a great adventure with people we love,” he said. “We are " +#| "a species who look over the horizon and imagine and create new worlds, " +#| "but we also seek the comfort of hearth and home.”" msgid "" "For Shareable, success is very much about their impact on the world. This is " -"true for Neal, but also for everyone who works for Shareable. “We attract " -"passionate people,” Neal said. At times, that means employees work so hard " -"they burn out. Neal tries to stress to the Shareable team that another part " -"of success is having fun and taking care of yourself while you do something " -"you love. “A central part of human beings is that we long to be on a great " -"adventure with people we love,” he said. “We are a species who look over the " -"horizon and imagine and create new worlds, but we also seek the comfort of " -"hearth and home.”" +"true for Neal, but also for everyone who works for Shareable. <quote>We " +"attract passionate people,</quote> Neal said. At times, that means " +"employees work so hard they burn out. Neal tries to stress to the Shareable " +"team that another part of success is having fun and taking care of yourself " +"while you do something you love. <quote>A central part of human beings is " +"that we long to be on a great adventure with people we love,</quote> he " +"said. <quote>We are a species who look over the horizon and imagine and " +"create new worlds, but we also seek the comfort of hearth and home.</quote>" msgstr "" "For Shareable handler suksess mye om deres innvirkning på verden. Dette " "gjelder for Neal, men også for alle som arbeider for Shareable. «Vi " @@ -15485,15 +17463,25 @@ msgstr "" "skaper nye verdener, men vi søker også etter komforten i hjemmet»." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8121 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8151 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "In 2013, Shareable ran its first crowdfunding campaign to launch their " +#| "Sharing Cities Network. Neal said at first they were on pace to fail " +#| "spectacularly. They called in their advisers in a panic and asked for " +#| "help. The advice they received was simple—“Sit your ass in a chair and " +#| "start making calls.” That’s exactly what they did, and they ended up " +#| "reaching their $50,000 goal. Neal said the campaign helped them reach new " +#| "people, but the vast majority of backers were people in their existing " +#| "base." msgid "" "In 2013, Shareable ran its first crowdfunding campaign to launch their " "Sharing Cities Network. Neal said at first they were on pace to fail " "spectacularly. They called in their advisers in a panic and asked for help. " -"The advice they received was simple—“Sit your ass in a chair and start " -"making calls.” That’s exactly what they did, and they ended up reaching " -"their $50,000 goal. Neal said the campaign helped them reach new people, but " -"the vast majority of backers were people in their existing base." +"The advice they received was simple—<quote>Sit your ass in a chair and start " +"making calls.</quote> That’s exactly what they did, and they ended up " +"reaching their $50,000 goal. Neal said the campaign helped them reach new " +"people, but the vast majority of backers were people in their existing base." msgstr "" "I 2013 kjørte Shareable sin første folkefinansieringskampanje for å starte " "sitt Sharing Cities Network. Neal sa at de først var på vei til å mislykkes " @@ -15504,7 +17492,7 @@ msgstr "" "støttespillere var folk i deres eksisterende base." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8131 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8161 msgid "" "For Neal, this symbolized how so much of success comes down to " "relationships. Over time, Shareable has invested time and energy into the " @@ -15518,21 +17506,36 @@ msgstr "" "relasjoner mellom sine lesere og tilhengere." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8138 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8168 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Shareable began hosting events in 2010. These events were designed to " +#| "bring the sharing community together. But over time they realized they " +#| "could reach far more people if they helped their readers to host their " +#| "own events. “If we wanted to go big on a conference, there was a huge " +#| "risk and huge staffing needs, plus only a fraction of our community could " +#| "travel to the event,” Neal said. Enabling others to create their own " +#| "events around the globe allowed them to scale up their work more " +#| "effectively and reach far more people. Shareable has catalyzed three " +#| "hundred different events reaching over twenty thousand people since " +#| "implementing this strategy three years ago. Going forward, Shareable is " +#| "focusing the network on creating and distributing content meant to spur " +#| "local action. For instance, Shareable will publish a new CC-licensed book " +#| "in 2017 filled with ideas for their network to implement." msgid "" "Shareable began hosting events in 2010. These events were designed to bring " "the sharing community together. But over time they realized they could reach " -"far more people if they helped their readers to host their own events. “If " -"we wanted to go big on a conference, there was a huge risk and huge staffing " -"needs, plus only a fraction of our community could travel to the event,” " -"Neal said. Enabling others to create their own events around the globe " -"allowed them to scale up their work more effectively and reach far more " -"people. Shareable has catalyzed three hundred different events reaching over " -"twenty thousand people since implementing this strategy three years ago. " -"Going forward, Shareable is focusing the network on creating and " -"distributing content meant to spur local action. For instance, Shareable " -"will publish a new CC-licensed book in 2017 filled with ideas for their " -"network to implement." +"far more people if they helped their readers to host their own events. " +"<quote>If we wanted to go big on a conference, there was a huge risk and " +"huge staffing needs, plus only a fraction of our community could travel to " +"the event,</quote> Neal said. Enabling others to create their own events " +"around the globe allowed them to scale up their work more effectively and " +"reach far more people. Shareable has catalyzed three hundred different " +"events reaching over twenty thousand people since implementing this strategy " +"three years ago. Going forward, Shareable is focusing the network on " +"creating and distributing content meant to spur local action. For instance, " +"Shareable will publish a new CC-licensed book in 2017 filled with ideas for " +"their network to implement." msgstr "" "Shareable begynte å huse arrangementer i 2010. Disse arrangementene var ment " "å bringe videodelingssamfunnet sammen. Men over tid skjønte de at de kunne " @@ -15549,7 +17552,7 @@ msgstr "" "ny CC-lisensiert bok i 2017 fylt med ideer som nettverket kan gjennomføre." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8155 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8185 msgid "" "Neal says Shareable stumbled upon this strategy, but it seems to perfectly " "encapsulate just how the commons is supposed to work. Rather than a one-" @@ -15562,12 +17565,12 @@ msgstr "" "ta ideer og tilpasse dem til sine egne lokalsamfunn." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8163 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8193 msgid "Siyavula" msgstr "Siyavula" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8166 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8196 msgid "" "Siyavula is a for-profit educational-technology company that creates " "textbooks and integrated learning experiences. Founded in 2012 in South " @@ -15577,12 +17580,12 @@ msgstr "" "lærebøker og integrerte læringsopplevelser. Grunnlagt i 2012 i Sør-Afrika." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8171 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8201 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.siyavula.com\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://www.siyavula.com\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8173 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8203 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for custom " "services, sponsorships" @@ -15591,19 +17594,19 @@ msgstr "" "tjenester, sponsing" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8176 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8206 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: April 5, 2016" msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Intervjudato</emphasis>: 5. april 2016" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8178 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8208 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Mark Horner, CEO" msgstr "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Intervjuet</emphasis>: Mark Horner, " "administrerende direktør" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8185 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8215 msgid "" "Openness is a key principle for Siyavula. They believe that every learner " "and teacher should have access to high-quality educational resources, as " @@ -15618,7 +17621,7 @@ msgstr "" "til tolvte klasse i Sør-Afrika." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8193 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8223 #, fuzzy msgid "" "In terms of creating an open business model that involves Creative Commons, " @@ -15632,7 +17635,7 @@ msgstr "" "for å overleve og blomstre. Mark sier det hele har opptrådt veldig organisk." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8200 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8230 msgid "" "It all started in 2002, when Mark and several other colleagues at the " "University of Cape Town in South Africa founded the Free High School Science " @@ -15648,12 +17651,12 @@ msgstr "" "tilgjengelig." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8211 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8241 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8208 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8238 msgid "" "As physicists, Mark and his colleagues were advocates of open-source " "software. To make the books open and free, they adopted the Free Software " @@ -15672,7 +17675,7 @@ msgstr "" "klasse." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8217 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8247 msgid "" "In 2007, the Shuttleworth Foundation offered funding support to make the " "textbooks available for trial use at more schools. Surveys before and after " @@ -15687,7 +17690,7 @@ msgstr "" "Shuttleworth. Mark er utrolig stolt av å ha oppnådd dette." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8225 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8255 msgid "" "But the development of new textbooks froze at this stage. Mark shifted his " "focus to rural schools, which didn’t have textbooks at all, and looked into " @@ -15700,12 +17703,12 @@ msgstr "" "men ikke mange nok til å møte behovet." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8235 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8265 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.capetowndeclaration.org\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://www.capetowndeclaration.org\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8231 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8261 msgid "" "In 2007, Shuttleworth and the Open Society Institute convened a group of " "open-education activists for a small but lively meeting in Cape Town. One " @@ -15724,7 +17727,7 @@ msgstr "" "engelsk. Det prosjektet ble til Siyavula." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8240 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8270 msgid "" "They wrote six original textbooks. A small publishing company offered " "Shuttleworth the option to buy out the publisher’s existing K–9 content for " @@ -15739,7 +17742,7 @@ msgstr "" "seks opprinnelige bøkene." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8248 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8278 msgid "" "Mark wanted to build out the remaining curricula collaboratively through " "communities of practice—that is, with fellow educators and writers. Although " @@ -15766,12 +17769,12 @@ msgstr "" "trygge å dele, og fri fra juridiske tilbakeslag." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8267 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8297 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://cnx.org\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://cnx.org\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8263 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8293 msgid "" "Not only did Mark want the resources to be shareable, he wanted all teachers " "to be able to remix and edit the content. Mark and his team had to come up " @@ -15790,7 +17793,7 @@ msgstr "" "komplisert, og lærebøker ble sjelden redigert." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8271 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8301 msgid "" "Then the Shuttleworth Foundation decided to completely restructure its work " "as a foundation into a fellowship model (for reasons completely unrelated to " @@ -15803,7 +17806,7 @@ msgstr "" "som en uavhengig enhet, og tok eierskap over det som medlem av Shuttleworth." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8278 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8308 msgid "" "Mark and his team experimented with several different strategies. They " "tried creating an authoring and hosting platform called Full Marks so that " @@ -15820,7 +17823,7 @@ msgstr "" "virkelig rullet ut." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8286 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8316 msgid "" "Then the South African government approached Siyavula with an interest in " "printing out the original six Free High School Science Texts (math and " @@ -15831,13 +17834,13 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" "Så nærmet den sørafrikanske regjeringen seg Siyavula med en interesse for å " "skrive ut de opprinnelige seks Free High School Science Texts (lærebøker i " -"matematikk og naturvitenskap for 10-12 klasse) for alle high school-elever (" -"elever i videregående opplæring) i Sør-Afrika. Selv om Siyavula var litt " +"matematikk og naturvitenskap for 10-12 klasse) for alle high school-elever " +"(elever i videregående opplæring) i Sør-Afrika. Selv om Siyavula var litt " "avskrekket av åpne pedagogiske ressurser på dette tidspunktet, så de så " "dette som en stor mulighet." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8294 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8324 msgid "" "They began to conceive of the six books as having massive marketing " "potential for Siyavula. Printing Siyavula books for every kid in South " @@ -15854,7 +17857,7 @@ msgstr "" "til dem fra alle enheter – datamaskin, nettbrett eller mobiltelefon." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8303 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8333 msgid "" "Mark and his team began imagining what they could develop beyond what was in " "the textbooks as a service they charge for. One key thing you can’t do well " @@ -15878,7 +17881,7 @@ msgstr "" "den i de åpne lærebøkene." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8316 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8346 msgid "" "The costs for using Intelligent Practice were set very low, making it " "accessible even to those with limited financial means. Siyavula was going " @@ -15891,7 +17894,7 @@ msgstr "" "mest bemidlede delen av markedet." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8322 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8352 msgid "" "The government distributed the books to 1.5 million students, but there was " "an unexpected wrinkle: the books were delivered late. Rather than wait, " @@ -15908,14 +17911,24 @@ msgstr "" "utilsiktet for lavinntektselever." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8331 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8361 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Siyavula’s site did see a dramatic increase in traffic. They got five " +#| "hundred thousand visitors per month to their math site and the same " +#| "number to their science site. Two-fifths of the traffic was reading on a " +#| "“feature phone” (a nonsmartphone with no apps). People on basic phones " +#| "were reading math and science on a two-inch screen at all hours of the " +#| "day. To Mark, it was quite amazing and spoke to a need they were " +#| "servicing." msgid "" "Siyavula’s site did see a dramatic increase in traffic. They got five " "hundred thousand visitors per month to their math site and the same number " -"to their science site. Two-fifths of the traffic was reading on a “feature " -"phone” (a nonsmartphone with no apps). People on basic phones were reading " -"math and science on a two-inch screen at all hours of the day. To Mark, it " -"was quite amazing and spoke to a need they were servicing." +"to their science site. Two-fifths of the traffic was reading on a " +"<quote>feature phone</quote> (a nonsmartphone with no apps). People on basic " +"phones were reading math and science on a two-inch screen at all hours of " +"the day. To Mark, it was quite amazing and spoke to a need they were " +"servicing." msgstr "" "Siyavulas nettsted så en dramatisk økning i trafikken. De fikk fem hundre " "tusen besøkende per måned til sitt nettsted for matte og samme antall til " @@ -15926,7 +17939,7 @@ msgstr "" "de betjente." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8340 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8370 msgid "" "At first, the Intelligent Practice services could only be paid using a " "credit card. This proved problematic, especially for those in the low-income " @@ -15943,7 +17956,7 @@ msgstr "" "er, hva prisen er, og hva som er barrierene for bruk." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8349 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8379 msgid "" "Mark describes this as the first version of Siyavula’s business model: open " "textbooks serving as marketing material and driving traffic to your site, " @@ -15956,7 +17969,7 @@ msgstr "" "til å bli en betalende kunde." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8355 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8385 msgid "" "For Mark a key decision for Siyavula’s business was to focus on how they can " "add value on top of their basic service. They’ll charge only if they are " @@ -15974,7 +17987,7 @@ msgstr "" "uten å legge til noen verdi av det." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8364 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8394 msgid "" "Version two of Siyavula’s business model was a big, ambitious idea—scale up. " "They also decided to sell the Intelligent Practice service to schools " @@ -15995,7 +18008,7 @@ msgstr "" "naturfag- og matematikkavdelingene abonnerer." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8375 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8405 msgid "" "Teachers get a dashboard that allows them to monitor the progress of an " "entire class or view an individual learner’s results. They can see the " @@ -16012,7 +18025,7 @@ msgstr "" "ytelsen deres blir bedret." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8384 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8414 msgid "" "Based on the success of this effort, Siyavula decided to substantially " "increase the production of open educational resources so they could provide " @@ -16027,12 +18040,12 @@ msgstr "" "for klassen 4 til 6 og senere for klasse 7 til 9." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8395 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8425 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.siyavula.com/products-primary-school.html\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://www.siyavula.com/products-primary-school.html\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8392 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8422 msgid "" "In partnership with, and sponsored by, the Sasol Inzalo Foundation, Siyavula " "produced a series of natural sciences and technology workbooks for grades 4 " @@ -16042,12 +18055,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" "I samarbeid med, og sponset av Sasol Inzalo Foundation, har Siyavula " "produsert en rekke arbeidsbøker for naturvitenskap og teknologi for 4 til 6 " -"klasse, kalt Thunderbolt Kids som bruker en morsom tegneseriestil.<" -"placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Det er et komplett pensum som også " +"klasse, kalt Thunderbolt Kids som bruker en morsom tegneseriestil." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Det er et komplett pensum som også " "har med lærerens veiledninger og andre ressurser." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8399 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8429 msgid "" "Through this experience, Siyavula learned they could get sponsors to help " "fund openly licensed textbooks. It helped that Siyavula had by this time " @@ -16066,7 +18079,7 @@ msgstr "" "deres være synlig på bøker distribuert til over en million elever." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8409 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8439 msgid "" "The Siyavula books that are reviewed, approved, and branded by the " "government are freely and openly available on Siyavula’s website under an " @@ -16082,7 +18095,7 @@ msgstr "" "slik at andre kan modifisere og redistribuere bøkene." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8417 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8447 msgid "" "Although the South African government paid to print and distribute hard " "copies of the books to schoolkids, Siyavula itself received no funding from " @@ -16103,7 +18116,7 @@ msgstr "" "regjeringen nei." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8428 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8458 msgid "" "Using Siyavula books generated huge savings for the government. Providing " "students with a traditionally published grade 12 science or math textbook " @@ -16122,7 +18135,7 @@ msgstr "" "ettersom det tillot dem å forbli uavhengige av regjeringen." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8438 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8468 msgid "" "Just as Siyavula was planning to scale up the production of open textbooks " "even more, the South African government changed its textbook policy. To save " @@ -16137,7 +18150,7 @@ msgstr "" "Siyavulas ville bli valgt. Dette skremte bort mulige sponsorer." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8446 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8476 msgid "" "Rather than producing more textbooks, Siyavula focused on improving its " "Intelligent Practice technology for its existing books. Mark calls this " @@ -16157,7 +18170,7 @@ msgstr "" "hans ektefelle), og fortsetter å være den modellen Siyavula bruker i dag." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8457 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8487 msgid "" "Mark says sales are way up, and they are really nailing Intelligent " "Practice. Schools continue to use their open textbooks. The government-" @@ -16170,7 +18183,7 @@ msgstr "" "seg å være svært omstridt, og svever i uvisshet." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8464 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8494 msgid "" "Siyavula is exploring a range of enhancements to their business model. These " "include charging a small amount for assessment services provided over the " @@ -16186,7 +18199,7 @@ msgstr "" "Practice." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8472 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8502 msgid "" "Siyavula is a for-profit business but one with a social mission. Their " "shareholders’ agreement lists lots of requirements around openness for " @@ -16212,12 +18225,12 @@ msgstr "" "runder noen ganger, men både han og selskapet er blitt sterkere av det." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8488 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8518 msgid "SparkFun" msgstr "SparkFun" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8491 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8521 msgid "" "SparkFun is an online electronics retailer specializing in open hardware. " "Founded in 2003 in the U.S." @@ -16226,12 +18239,12 @@ msgstr "" "åpen maskinvare. Grunnlagt i 2003 i USA." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8495 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8525 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.sparkfun.com\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://www.sparkfun.com\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8497 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8527 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for physical " "copies (electronics sales)" @@ -16240,20 +18253,20 @@ msgstr "" "kopier (elektroniske salg)" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8500 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8530 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 29, 2016" msgstr "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Dato for intervju</emphasis>: 29. februar 2016" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8503 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8533 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Nathan Seidle, founder" msgstr "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Intervjuet</emphasis>: Nathan Seidle, grunnlegger" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8511 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8541 msgid "" "SparkFun founder and former CEO Nathan Seidle has a picture of himself " "holding up a clone of a SparkFun product in an electronics market in China, " @@ -16268,19 +18281,25 @@ msgstr "" "andre. Hans reaksjon var fryd." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8518 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8547 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "“Being copied is the greatest earmark of flattery and success,” Nathan " +#| "said. “I thought it was so cool that they were selling to a market we " +#| "were never going to get access to otherwise. It was evidence of our " +#| "impact on the world.”" msgid "" -"“Being copied is the greatest earmark of flattery and success,” Nathan said. " -"“I thought it was so cool that they were selling to a market we were never " -"going to get access to otherwise. It was evidence of our impact on the " -"world.”" +"<quote>Being copied is the greatest earmark of flattery and success,</quote> " +"Nathan said. <quote>I thought it was so cool that they were selling to a " +"market we were never going to get access to otherwise. It was evidence of " +"our impact on the world.</quote>" msgstr "" "«Å bli kopiert er det største kjennetegnet på smiger og suksess», sa Nathan. " "«Jeg tenkte at det var utrolig stilig at de solgte til et marked vi aldri " "ellers kom til å nå ut til. Det var et bevis på hvordan vi påvirket verden»." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8524 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8553 msgid "" "This worldview runs through everything SparkFun does. SparkFun is an " "electronics manufacturer. The company sells its products directly to the " @@ -16297,14 +18316,24 @@ msgstr "" "egenhånd. Å bli kopiert er en del av designet." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8533 -msgid "" -"Nathan believes open licensing is good for the world. “It touches on our " -"natural human instinct to share,” he said. But he also strongly believes it " -"makes SparkFun better at what they do. They encourage copying, and their " -"products are copied at a very fast rate, often within ten to twelve weeks of " -"release. This forces the company to compete on something other than product " -"design, or what most commonly consider their intellectual property." +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8562 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Nathan believes open licensing is good for the world. “It touches on our " +#| "natural human instinct to share,” he said. But he also strongly believes " +#| "it makes SparkFun better at what they do. They encourage copying, and " +#| "their products are copied at a very fast rate, often within ten to twelve " +#| "weeks of release. This forces the company to compete on something other " +#| "than product design, or what most commonly consider their intellectual " +#| "property." +msgid "" +"Nathan believes open licensing is good for the world. <quote>It touches on " +"our natural human instinct to share,</quote> he said. But he also strongly " +"believes it makes SparkFun better at what they do. They encourage copying, " +"and their products are copied at a very fast rate, often within ten to " +"twelve weeks of release. This forces the company to compete on something " +"other than product design, or what most commonly consider their intellectual " +"property." msgstr "" "Nathan mener at åpen lisensiering er bra for verden. «Det berører vårt " "naturlige menneskelige instinkt å dele», sa han. Men han mener også sterkt " @@ -16314,11 +18343,17 @@ msgstr "" "produktdesign, eller hva de vanligvis vurderer som sitt åndsverk." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8542 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8571 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "“We compete on business principles,” Nathan said. “Claiming your " +#| "territory with intellectual property allows you to get comfy and rest on " +#| "your laurels. It gives you a safety net. We took away that safety net.”" msgid "" -"“We compete on business principles,” Nathan said. “Claiming your territory " -"with intellectual property allows you to get comfy and rest on your laurels. " -"It gives you a safety net. We took away that safety net.”" +"<quote>We compete on business principles,</quote> Nathan said. " +"<quote>Claiming your territory with intellectual property allows you to get " +"comfy and rest on your laurels. It gives you a safety net. We took away that " +"safety net.</quote>" msgstr "" "«Vi konkurrerer på forretningsprinsipper», hevder Nathan. «Å hevde " "territorium med immaterielle rettigheter tillater en komfortabel hvile på " @@ -16326,15 +18361,24 @@ msgstr "" "sikkerhetsnettet»." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8548 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8577 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "The result is an intense company-wide focus on product development and " +#| "improvement. “Our products are so much better than they were five years " +#| "ago,” Nathan said. “We used to just sell products. Now it’s a product " +#| "plus a video, a seventeen-page hookup guide, and example firmware on " +#| "three different platforms to get you up and running faster. We have " +#| "gotten better because we had to in order to compete. As painful as it is " +#| "for us, it’s better for the customers.”" msgid "" "The result is an intense company-wide focus on product development and " -"improvement. “Our products are so much better than they were five years " -"ago,” Nathan said. “We used to just sell products. Now it’s a product plus a " -"video, a seventeen-page hookup guide, and example firmware on three " -"different platforms to get you up and running faster. We have gotten better " -"because we had to in order to compete. As painful as it is for us, it’s " -"better for the customers.”" +"improvement. <quote>Our products are so much better than they were five " +"years ago,</quote> Nathan said. <quote>We used to just sell products. Now " +"it’s a product plus a video, a seventeen-page hookup guide, and example " +"firmware on three different platforms to get you up and running faster. We " +"have gotten better because we had to in order to compete. As painful as it " +"is for us, it’s better for the customers.</quote>" msgstr "" "Resultatet er et intenst fokus i hele firmaet på produktutvikling og " "forbedring. «Våre produkter er så mye bedre enn de var fem år siden», sier " @@ -16345,15 +18389,24 @@ msgstr "" "for oss, kommer det kundene til gode»." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8558 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8587 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "SparkFun parts are available on eBay for lower prices. But people come " +#| "directly to SparkFun because SparkFun makes their lives easier. The " +#| "example code works; there is a service number to call; they ship " +#| "replacement parts the day they get a service call. They invest heavily in " +#| "service and support. “I don’t believe businesses should be competing with " +#| "IP [intellectual property] barriers,” Nathan said. “This is the stuff " +#| "they should be competing on.”" msgid "" "SparkFun parts are available on eBay for lower prices. But people come " "directly to SparkFun because SparkFun makes their lives easier. The example " "code works; there is a service number to call; they ship replacement parts " "the day they get a service call. They invest heavily in service and support. " -"“I don’t believe businesses should be competing with IP [intellectual " -"property] barriers,” Nathan said. “This is the stuff they should be " -"competing on.”" +"<quote>I don’t believe businesses should be competing with IP [intellectual " +"property] barriers,</quote> Nathan said. <quote>This is the stuff they " +"should be competing on.</quote>" msgstr "" "SparkFun er tilgjengelig på eBay til lavere priser. Men folk kommer direkte " "til SparkFun fordi SparkFun gjør livet enklere. Eksempelkoden fungerer. Det " @@ -16363,16 +18416,26 @@ msgstr "" "konkurrerer», sier Nathan. «Dette er det de bør konkurrere om»." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8567 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8597 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "SparkFun’s company history began in Nathan’s college dorm room. He spent " +#| "a lot of time experimenting with and building electronics, and he " +#| "realized there was a void in the market. “If you wanted to place an order " +#| "for something,” he said, “you first had to search far and wide to find " +#| "it, and then you had to call or fax someone.” In 2003, during his third " +#| "year of college, he registered <ulink url=\"http://sparkfun.com\"/> and " +#| "started reselling products out of his bedroom. After he graduated, he " +#| "started making and selling his own products." msgid "" "SparkFun’s company history began in Nathan’s college dorm room. He spent a " "lot of time experimenting with and building electronics, and he realized " -"there was a void in the market. “If you wanted to place an order for " -"something,” he said, “you first had to search far and wide to find it, and " -"then you had to call or fax someone.” In 2003, during his third year of " -"college, he registered <ulink url=\"http://sparkfun.com\"/> and started " -"reselling products out of his bedroom. After he graduated, he started making " -"and selling his own products." +"there was a void in the market. <quote>If you wanted to place an order for " +"something,</quote> he said, <quote>you first had to search far and wide to " +"find it, and then you had to call or fax someone.</quote> In 2003, during " +"his third year of college, he registered <ulink url=\"http://sparkfun.com\"/" +"> and started reselling products out of his bedroom. After he graduated, he " +"started making and selling his own products." msgstr "" "Historen til selskapet Sparkfun startet på studenthybelen til Nathan. Han " "tilbrakte mye tid med å eksperimentere med og bygge elektronikk, og han " @@ -16384,14 +18447,22 @@ msgstr "" "lage og selge sine egne produkter." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8578 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8609 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Once he started designing his own products, he began putting the software " +#| "and schematics online to help with technical support. After doing some " +#| "research on licensing options, he chose Creative Commons licenses because " +#| "he was drawn to the “human-readable deeds” that explain the licensing " +#| "terms in simple terms. SparkFun still uses CC licenses for all of the " +#| "schematics and firmware for the products they create." msgid "" "Once he started designing his own products, he began putting the software " "and schematics online to help with technical support. After doing some " "research on licensing options, he chose Creative Commons licenses because he " -"was drawn to the “human-readable deeds” that explain the licensing terms in " -"simple terms. SparkFun still uses CC licenses for all of the schematics and " -"firmware for the products they create." +"was drawn to the <quote>human-readable deeds</quote> that explain the " +"licensing terms in simple terms. SparkFun still uses CC licenses for all of " +"the schematics and firmware for the products they create." msgstr "" "Så snart han startet med å designe sine egne produkter, la la han ut " "programvaren og skjemaer på nettet for å hjelpe til med teknisk " @@ -16401,7 +18472,7 @@ msgstr "" "fortsatt CC-lisenser for alle skjemaer og maskinvare til produktene de lager." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8587 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8618 msgid "" "The company has grown from a solo project to a corporation with 140 " "employees. In 2015, SparkFun earned $33 million in revenue. Selling " @@ -16418,7 +18489,7 @@ msgstr "" "av brett for videresalg under Arduinos merke." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8596 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8627 msgid "" "SparkFun also has an educational department dedicated to creating a hands-on " "curriculum to teach students about electronics using prototyping parts. " @@ -16434,27 +18505,43 @@ msgstr "" "kjernevirksomheten." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8604 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8634 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "“We have the burden and opportunity to educate the next generation of " +#| "technical citizens,” Nathan said. “Our goal is to affect the lives of " +#| "three hundred and fifty thousand high school students by 2020.”" msgid "" -"“We have the burden and opportunity to educate the next generation of " -"technical citizens,” Nathan said. “Our goal is to affect the lives of three " -"hundred and fifty thousand high school students by 2020.”" +"<quote>We have the burden and opportunity to educate the next generation of " +"technical citizens,</quote> Nathan said. <quote>Our goal is to affect the " +"lives of three hundred and fifty thousand high school students by 2020.</" +"quote>" msgstr "" "«Vi har byrden og muligheten til å utdanne den neste generasjonen av " "tekniske borgere», sier Nathan. «Vårt mål er å påvirke livene til tre hundre " "og femti tusen videregående elever i 2020»." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8610 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8640 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "The Creative Commons license underlying all of SparkFun’s products is " +#| "central to this mission. The license not only signals a willingness to " +#| "share, but it also expresses a desire for others to get in and tinker " +#| "with their products, both to learn and to make their products better. " +#| "SparkFun uses the Attribution-ShareAlike license (CC BY-SA), which is a " +#| "“copyleft” license that allows people to do anything with the content as " +#| "long as they provide credit and make any adaptations available under the " +#| "same licensing terms." msgid "" "The Creative Commons license underlying all of SparkFun’s products is " "central to this mission. The license not only signals a willingness to " "share, but it also expresses a desire for others to get in and tinker with " "their products, both to learn and to make their products better. SparkFun " -"uses the Attribution-ShareAlike license (CC BY-SA), which is a “copyleft” " -"license that allows people to do anything with the content as long as they " -"provide credit and make any adaptations available under the same licensing " -"terms." +"uses the Attribution-ShareAlike license (CC BY-SA), which is a " +"<quote>copyleft</quote> license that allows people to do anything with the " +"content as long as they provide credit and make any adaptations available " +"under the same licensing terms." msgstr "" "At Creative Commons-lisensen ligger under alle Sparkfuns produkter, er " "sentralt i dette oppdraget. Lisensen signaliserer ikke bare en vilje til å " @@ -16466,7 +18553,7 @@ msgstr "" "lisensvilkårene." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8621 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8651 msgid "" "From the beginning, Nathan has tried to create a work environment at " "SparkFun that he himself would want to work in. The result is what appears " @@ -16485,18 +18572,31 @@ msgstr "" "publikum til en konkurranse en gang i året." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8632 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8662 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "The public event, called the Autonomous Vehicle Competition, brings in a " +#| "thousand to two thousand customers and other technology enthusiasts from " +#| "around the area to race their own self-created bots against each other, " +#| "participate in training workshops, and socialize. From a business " +#| "perspective, Nathan says it’s a terrible idea. But they don’t hold the " +#| "event for business reasons. “The reason we do it is because I get to " +#| "travel and have interactions with our customers all the time, but most of " +#| "our employees don’t,” he said. “This event gives our employees the " +#| "opportunity to get face-to-face contact with our customers.” The event " +#| "infuses their work with a human element, which makes it more meaningful." msgid "" "The public event, called the Autonomous Vehicle Competition, brings in a " "thousand to two thousand customers and other technology enthusiasts from " "around the area to race their own self-created bots against each other, " "participate in training workshops, and socialize. From a business " "perspective, Nathan says it’s a terrible idea. But they don’t hold the event " -"for business reasons. “The reason we do it is because I get to travel and " -"have interactions with our customers all the time, but most of our employees " -"don’t,” he said. “This event gives our employees the opportunity to get face-" -"to-face contact with our customers.” The event infuses their work with a " -"human element, which makes it more meaningful." +"for business reasons. <quote>The reason we do it is because I get to travel " +"and have interactions with our customers all the time, but most of our " +"employees don’t,</quote> he said. <quote>This event gives our employees the " +"opportunity to get face-to-face contact with our customers.</quote> The " +"event infuses their work with a human element, which makes it more " +"meaningful." msgstr "" "Den offentlig begivenheten kalles Autonomous Vehicle Competition (Autonom - " "selvstyrende - kjøretøyskonkurranse), og bringer fra tusen til to tusen " @@ -16511,15 +18611,24 @@ msgstr "" "meningsfylt." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8646 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8676 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Nathan has worked hard to imbue a deeper meaning into the work SparkFun " +#| "does. The company is, of course, focused on being fiscally responsible, " +#| "but they are ultimately driven by something other than money. “Profit is " +#| "not the goal; it is the outcome of a well-executed plan,” Nathan said. " +#| "“We focus on having a bigger impact on the world.” Nathan believes they " +#| "get some of the brightest and most amazing employees because they aren’t " +#| "singularly focused on the bottom line." msgid "" "Nathan has worked hard to imbue a deeper meaning into the work SparkFun " "does. The company is, of course, focused on being fiscally responsible, but " -"they are ultimately driven by something other than money. “Profit is not the " -"goal; it is the outcome of a well-executed plan,” Nathan said. “We focus on " -"having a bigger impact on the world.” Nathan believes they get some of the " -"brightest and most amazing employees because they aren’t singularly focused " -"on the bottom line." +"they are ultimately driven by something other than money. <quote>Profit is " +"not the goal; it is the outcome of a well-executed plan,</quote> Nathan " +"said. <quote>We focus on having a bigger impact on the world.</quote> Nathan " +"believes they get some of the brightest and most amazing employees because " +"they aren’t singularly focused on the bottom line." msgstr "" "Nathan har jobbet hardt for å gi en dypere mening i arbeidet SparkFun gjør. " "Selskapet er, selvfølgelig, fokusert på å være skattemessig ansvarlig, men " @@ -16530,7 +18639,7 @@ msgstr "" "på bunnlinjen." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8656 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8686 msgid "" "The company is committed to transparency and shares all of its financials " "with its employees. They also generally strive to avoid being another " @@ -16545,16 +18654,27 @@ msgstr "" "til nettområdet deres." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8663 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8693 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "SparkFun’s customer base is largely made up of industrious electronics " +#| "enthusiasts. They have customers who are regularly involved in the " +#| "company’s customer support, independently responding to questions in " +#| "forums and product-comment sections. Customers also bring product ideas " +#| "to the company. SparkFun regularly sifts through suggestions from " +#| "customers and tries to build on them where they can. “From the beginning, " +#| "we have been listening to the community,” Nathan said. “Customers would " +#| "identify a pain point, and we would design something to address it.”" msgid "" "SparkFun’s customer base is largely made up of industrious electronics " "enthusiasts. They have customers who are regularly involved in the company’s " "customer support, independently responding to questions in forums and " "product-comment sections. Customers also bring product ideas to the " "company. SparkFun regularly sifts through suggestions from customers and " -"tries to build on them where they can. “From the beginning, we have been " -"listening to the community,” Nathan said. “Customers would identify a pain " -"point, and we would design something to address it.”" +"tries to build on them where they can. <quote>From the beginning, we have " +"been listening to the community,</quote> Nathan said. <quote>Customers " +"would identify a pain point, and we would design something to address it.</" +"quote>" msgstr "" "Sparkfuns kundebase består hovedsakelig av flittige elektronikkentusiaster. " "De har kunder som er i regelmessig kontakt med selskapets kundeservice, og " @@ -16566,15 +18686,25 @@ msgstr "" "oss av det»." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8675 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8705 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "However, this sort of customer engagement does not always translate to " +#| "people actively contributing to SparkFun’s projects. The company has a " +#| "public repository of software code for each of its devices online. On a " +#| "particularly active project, there will only be about two dozen people " +#| "contributing significant improvements. The vast majority of projects are " +#| "relatively untouched by the public. “There is a theory that if you open-" +#| "source it, they will come,” Nathan said. “That’s not really true.”" msgid "" "However, this sort of customer engagement does not always translate to " "people actively contributing to SparkFun’s projects. The company has a " "public repository of software code for each of its devices online. On a " "particularly active project, there will only be about two dozen people " "contributing significant improvements. The vast majority of projects are " -"relatively untouched by the public. “There is a theory that if you open-" -"source it, they will come,” Nathan said. “That’s not really true.”" +"relatively untouched by the public. <quote>There is a theory that if you " +"open-source it, they will come,</quote> Nathan said. <quote>That’s not " +"really true.</quote>" msgstr "" "Men denne typen kundedeltakelse fører ikke alltid til at folk aktivt bidrar " "til Sparkfuns prosjekter. Selskapet har en felles kildebrønn med " @@ -16585,14 +18715,24 @@ msgstr "" "så kommer folk til deg», sa Nathan. «Det er egentlig ikke sant»." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8686 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8716 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Rather than focusing on cocreation with their customers, SparkFun instead " +#| "focuses on enabling people to copy, tinker, and improve products on their " +#| "own. They heavily invest in tutorials and other material designed to help " +#| "people understand how the products work so they can fix and improve " +#| "things independently. “What gives me joy is when people take open-source " +#| "layouts and then build their own circuit boards from our designs,” Nathan " +#| "said." msgid "" "Rather than focusing on cocreation with their customers, SparkFun instead " "focuses on enabling people to copy, tinker, and improve products on their " "own. They heavily invest in tutorials and other material designed to help " "people understand how the products work so they can fix and improve things " -"independently. “What gives me joy is when people take open-source layouts " -"and then build their own circuit boards from our designs,” Nathan said." +"independently. <quote>What gives me joy is when people take open-source " +"layouts and then build their own circuit boards from our designs,</quote> " +"Nathan said." msgstr "" "Heller enn å fokusere på samskaping med sine kunder, fokuserer SparkFun i " "stedet på å få folk til å kopiere, fikse, og forbedre produktene på egen " @@ -16602,7 +18742,7 @@ msgstr "" "deretter bygger sine egne kretskort basert på vår utforming», sier Nathan." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8695 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8726 msgid "" "Obviously, opening up the design of their products is a necessary step if " "their goal is to empower the public. Nathan also firmly believes it makes " @@ -16627,12 +18767,12 @@ msgstr "" "ord, det gjør dem til et slikt selskapet de har satt seg fore å være." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8709 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8740 msgid "TeachAIDS" msgstr "TeachAIDS" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8712 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8743 msgid "" "TeachAIDS is a nonprofit that creates educational materials designed to " "teach people around the world about HIV and AIDS. Founded in 2005 in the U." @@ -16642,22 +18782,22 @@ msgstr "" "folk over hele verden om HIV og AIDS. Grunnlagt i 2005 i USA." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8717 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8748 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://teachaids.org\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://teachaids.org\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8719 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8750 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: sponsorships" msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Inntektsmodell</emphasis>: Sponsing" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8721 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8752 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: March 24, 2016" msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Intervjudato</emphasis>: 24. mars 2016" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8724 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8755 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: Piya Sorcar, the CEO, and " "Shuman Ghosemajumder, the chair" @@ -16666,7 +18806,7 @@ msgstr "" "administrerende direktør, og Shuman Ghosemajumder, styret" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8732 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8763 msgid "" "TeachAIDS is an unconventional media company with a conventional revenue " "model. Like most media companies, they are subsidized by advertising. " @@ -16679,7 +18819,7 @@ msgstr "" "distribuerer." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8738 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8769 msgid "" "But unlike most media companies, Teach-AIDS is a nonprofit organization with " "a purely social mission. TeachAIDS is dedicated to educating the global " @@ -16703,7 +18843,7 @@ msgstr "" "innhold er gratis og gjort tilgjengelig under en Creative Commons-lisens." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8751 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8782 msgid "" "TeachAIDS is a labor of love for founder and CEO Piya Sorcar, who earns a " "salary of one dollar per year from the nonprofit. The project grew out of " @@ -16740,17 +18880,28 @@ msgstr "" "av informasjon." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8771 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8802 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "In late 2005, Piya and her team used research-based design to create new " +#| "educational materials and worked with local partners in India to help " +#| "distribute them. As soon as the animated software was posted online, " +#| "Piya’s team started receiving requests from individuals and governments " +#| "who were interested in bringing this model to more countries. “We " +#| "realized fairly quickly that educating large populations about a topic " +#| "that was considered taboo would be challenging. We began by identifying " +#| "optimal local partners and worked toward creating an effective, " +#| "culturally appropriate education,” Piya said." msgid "" "In late 2005, Piya and her team used research-based design to create new " "educational materials and worked with local partners in India to help " "distribute them. As soon as the animated software was posted online, Piya’s " "team started receiving requests from individuals and governments who were " -"interested in bringing this model to more countries. “We realized fairly " -"quickly that educating large populations about a topic that was considered " -"taboo would be challenging. We began by identifying optimal local partners " -"and worked toward creating an effective, culturally appropriate education,” " -"Piya said." +"interested in bringing this model to more countries. <quote>We realized " +"fairly quickly that educating large populations about a topic that was " +"considered taboo would be challenging. We began by identifying optimal local " +"partners and worked toward creating an effective, culturally appropriate " +"education,</quote> Piya said." msgstr "" "Sent i 2005 brukte Piya og hennes team forskningsbasert design for å skape " "nytt pedagogisk materiell, og jobbet med lokale partnere i India for å " @@ -16763,7 +18914,7 @@ msgstr "" "utdanning», sa Piya." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8783 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8814 msgid "" "Very shortly after the initial release, Piya’s team decided to spin the " "endeavor into an independent nonprofit out of Stanford University. They also " @@ -16774,19 +18925,34 @@ msgstr "" "også å bruke Creative Commons-lisenser på materialet." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8789 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8820 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Given their educational mission, TeachAIDS had an obvious interest in " +#| "seeing the materials as widely shared as possible. But they also needed " +#| "to preserve the integrity of the medical information in the content. They " +#| "chose the Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs license (CC BY-NC-ND), which " +#| "essentially gives the public the right to distribute only verbatim copies " +#| "of the content, and for noncommercial purposes. “We wanted attribution " +#| "for TeachAIDS, and we couldn’t stand by derivatives without vetting " +#| "them,” the cofounder and chair Shuman Ghosemajumder said. “It was almost " +#| "a no-brainer to go with a CC license because it was a plug-and-play " +#| "solution to this exact problem. It has allowed us to scale our materials " +#| "safely and quickly worldwide while preserving our content and protecting " +#| "us at the same time.”" msgid "" "Given their educational mission, TeachAIDS had an obvious interest in seeing " "the materials as widely shared as possible. But they also needed to preserve " "the integrity of the medical information in the content. They chose the " "Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs license (CC BY-NC-ND), which essentially " "gives the public the right to distribute only verbatim copies of the " -"content, and for noncommercial purposes. “We wanted attribution for " -"TeachAIDS, and we couldn’t stand by derivatives without vetting them,” the " -"cofounder and chair Shuman Ghosemajumder said. “It was almost a no-brainer " -"to go with a CC license because it was a plug-and-play solution to this " -"exact problem. It has allowed us to scale our materials safely and quickly " -"worldwide while preserving our content and protecting us at the same time.”" +"content, and for noncommercial purposes. <quote>We wanted attribution for " +"TeachAIDS, and we couldn’t stand by derivatives without vetting them,</" +"quote> the cofounder and chair Shuman Ghosemajumder said. <quote>It was " +"almost a no-brainer to go with a CC license because it was a plug-and-play " +"solution to this exact problem. It has allowed us to scale our materials " +"safely and quickly worldwide while preserving our content and protecting us " +"at the same time.</quote>" msgstr "" "Med sine pedagogiske formål hadde TeachAIDS en tydelig interesse av å få " "materialet delt så mye som mulig. Men de trengte også å sikre integriteten " @@ -16801,14 +18967,22 @@ msgstr "" "samtidig bevare innholdet vårt og beskytte oss samtidig.»" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8804 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8836 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Choosing a license that does not allow adaptation of the content was an " +#| "outgrowth of the careful precision with which TeachAIDS crafts their " +#| "content. The organization invests heavily in research and testing to " +#| "determine the best method of conveying the information. “Creating high-" +#| "quality content is what matters most to us,” Piya said. “Research drives " +#| "everything we do.”" msgid "" "Choosing a license that does not allow adaptation of the content was an " "outgrowth of the careful precision with which TeachAIDS crafts their " "content. The organization invests heavily in research and testing to " -"determine the best method of conveying the information. “Creating high-" -"quality content is what matters most to us,” Piya said. “Research drives " -"everything we do.”" +"determine the best method of conveying the information. <quote>Creating high-" +"quality content is what matters most to us,</quote> Piya said. " +"<quote>Research drives everything we do.</quote>" msgstr "" "Å velge en lisens som ikke tillater tilpasning av innholdet, var en " "fremvekst ut fra den forsiktige presisjonen som TeachAIDS behandler sitt " @@ -16818,7 +18992,7 @@ msgstr "" "vi gjør.»" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8812 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8845 msgid "" "One important finding was that people accept the message best when it comes " "from familiar voices they trust and admire. To achieve this, TeachAIDS " @@ -16835,7 +19009,7 @@ msgstr "" "tilpassede versjon av materialet." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8821 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8854 msgid "" "Localization is probably the single-most important aspect of the way " "TeachAIDS creates its content. While each regional version builds from the " @@ -16862,7 +19036,7 @@ msgstr "" "informasjon fra noen av det samme kjønn." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8836 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8869 msgid "" "The localization process relies heavily on volunteers. Their volunteer base " "is deeply committed to the cause, and the organization has had better luck " @@ -16891,7 +19065,24 @@ msgstr "" "denne syklusen elleve ganger." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8852 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8885 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "TeachAIDS employs full-time employees, contractors, and volunteers, all " +#| "in different capacities and organizational configurations. They are " +#| "careful to use people from diverse backgrounds to create the materials, " +#| "including teachers, students, and doctors, as well as individuals " +#| "experienced in working in the NGO space. This diversity and breadth of " +#| "knowledge help ensure their materials resonate with people from all walks " +#| "of life. Additionally, TeachAIDS works closely with film writers and " +#| "directors to help keep the concepts entertaining and easy to understand. " +#| "The inclusive, but highly controlled, creative process is undertaken " +#| "entirely by people who are specifically brought on to help with a " +#| "particular project, rather than ongoing staff. The final product they " +#| "create is designed to require zero training for people to implement in " +#| "practice. “In our research, we found we can’t depend on people passing on " +#| "the information correctly, even if they have the best of intentions,” " +#| "Piya said. “We need materials where you can push play and they will work.”" msgid "" "TeachAIDS employs full-time employees, contractors, and volunteers, all in " "different capacities and organizational configurations. They are careful to " @@ -16904,10 +19095,10 @@ msgid "" "but highly controlled, creative process is undertaken entirely by people who " "are specifically brought on to help with a particular project, rather than " "ongoing staff. The final product they create is designed to require zero " -"training for people to implement in practice. “In our research, we found we " -"can’t depend on people passing on the information correctly, even if they " -"have the best of intentions,” Piya said. “We need materials where you can " -"push play and they will work.”" +"training for people to implement in practice. <quote>In our research, we " +"found we can’t depend on people passing on the information correctly, even " +"if they have the best of intentions,</quote> Piya said. <quote>We need " +"materials where you can push play and they will work.</quote>" msgstr "" "TeachAIDS benytter heltidsansatte, innleide på kontrakt og frivillige, alle " "i ulike roller og organisatoriske fordelinger. De er bevisste på å bruke " @@ -16926,18 +19117,30 @@ msgstr "" "trenger materiale hvor du holder at du kan trykke start på avspilleren»." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8871 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8905 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Piya’s team was able to produce all of these versions over several years " +#| "with a head count that never exceeded eight full-time employees. The " +#| "organization is able to reduce costs by relying heavily on volunteers and " +#| "in-kind donations. Nevertheless, the nonprofit needed a sustainable " +#| "revenue model to subsidize content creation and physical distribution of " +#| "the materials. Charging even a low price was simply not an option. " +#| "“Educators from various nonprofits around the world were just creating " +#| "their own materials using whatever they could find for free online,” " +#| "Shuman said. “The only way to persuade them to use our highly effective " +#| "model was to make it completely free.”" msgid "" "Piya’s team was able to produce all of these versions over several years " "with a head count that never exceeded eight full-time employees. The " "organization is able to reduce costs by relying heavily on volunteers and in-" "kind donations. Nevertheless, the nonprofit needed a sustainable revenue " "model to subsidize content creation and physical distribution of the " -"materials. Charging even a low price was simply not an option. “Educators " -"from various nonprofits around the world were just creating their own " -"materials using whatever they could find for free online,” Shuman said. “The " -"only way to persuade them to use our highly effective model was to make it " -"completely free.”" +"materials. Charging even a low price was simply not an option. " +"<quote>Educators from various nonprofits around the world were just creating " +"their own materials using whatever they could find for free online,</quote> " +"Shuman said. <quote>The only way to persuade them to use our highly " +"effective model was to make it completely free.</quote>" msgstr "" "Piyas team var i stand til å produsere alle disse versjonene fordelt over " "flere år med en hodetelling som aldri viste mer enn åtte heltidsansatte. " @@ -16951,7 +19154,7 @@ msgstr "" "modell, var å gjøre den helt gratis.»" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8884 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8918 msgid "" "Like many content creators offering their work for free, they settled on " "advertising as a funding model. But they were extremely careful not to let " @@ -16971,15 +19174,24 @@ msgstr "" "det pedagogiske innholdet. Alt innhold er fortsatt merket som TeachAIDS." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8895 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8929 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "TeachAIDS is careful not to seek funding to cover the costs of a specific " +#| "project. Instead, sponsorships are structured as unrestricted donations " +#| "to the nonprofit. This gives the nonprofit more stability, but even more " +#| "importantly, it enables them to subsidize projects being localized for an " +#| "area with no sponsors. “If we just created versions based on where we " +#| "could get sponsorships, we would only have materials for wealthier " +#| "countries,” Shuman said." msgid "" "TeachAIDS is careful not to seek funding to cover the costs of a specific " "project. Instead, sponsorships are structured as unrestricted donations to " "the nonprofit. This gives the nonprofit more stability, but even more " "importantly, it enables them to subsidize projects being localized for an " -"area with no sponsors. “If we just created versions based on where we could " -"get sponsorships, we would only have materials for wealthier countries,” " -"Shuman said." +"area with no sponsors. <quote>If we just created versions based on where we " +"could get sponsorships, we would only have materials for wealthier countries," +"</quote> Shuman said." msgstr "" "TeachAIDS er forsiktig med å søke midler for å dekke kostnadene for et " "bestemt prosjekt. I stedet er sponsing strukturert som ikke-begrensede " @@ -16990,18 +19202,30 @@ msgstr "" "materiale for rikere land», sa Shuman." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8905 -msgid "" -"As of 2016, TeachAIDS has dozens of sponsors. “When we go into a new " -"country, various companies hear about us and reach out to us,” Piya said. " -"“We don’t have to do much to find or attract them.” They believe the " -"sponsorships are easy to sell because they offer so much value to sponsors. " -"TeachAIDS sponsorships give corporations the chance to reach new eyeballs " -"with their brand, but at a much lower cost than other advertising channels. " -"The audience for TeachAIDS content also tends to skew young, which is often " -"a desirable demographic for brands. Unlike traditional advertising, the " -"content is not time-sensitive, so an investment in a sponsorship can benefit " -"a brand for many years to come." +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8939 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "As of 2016, TeachAIDS has dozens of sponsors. “When we go into a new " +#| "country, various companies hear about us and reach out to us,” Piya said. " +#| "“We don’t have to do much to find or attract them.” They believe the " +#| "sponsorships are easy to sell because they offer so much value to " +#| "sponsors. TeachAIDS sponsorships give corporations the chance to reach " +#| "new eyeballs with their brand, but at a much lower cost than other " +#| "advertising channels. The audience for TeachAIDS content also tends to " +#| "skew young, which is often a desirable demographic for brands. Unlike " +#| "traditional advertising, the content is not time-sensitive, so an " +#| "investment in a sponsorship can benefit a brand for many years to come." +msgid "" +"As of 2016, TeachAIDS has dozens of sponsors. <quote>When we go into a new " +"country, various companies hear about us and reach out to us,</quote> Piya " +"said. <quote>We don’t have to do much to find or attract them.</quote> They " +"believe the sponsorships are easy to sell because they offer so much value " +"to sponsors. TeachAIDS sponsorships give corporations the chance to reach " +"new eyeballs with their brand, but at a much lower cost than other " +"advertising channels. The audience for TeachAIDS content also tends to skew " +"young, which is often a desirable demographic for brands. Unlike traditional " +"advertising, the content is not time-sensitive, so an investment in a " +"sponsorship can benefit a brand for many years to come." msgstr "" "I 2016 hadde TeachAIDS dusinvis av sponsorer. «Når vi går inn i et nytt " "land, hører ulike selskaper om oss og tar kontakt med oss», sa Piya. «Vi " @@ -17015,14 +19239,22 @@ msgstr "" "kan være til fordel for et merke i mange år framover." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8918 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8953 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Importantly, the value to corporate sponsors goes beyond commercial " +#| "considerations. As a nonprofit with a clearly articulated social mission, " +#| "corporate sponsorships are donations to a cause. “This is something " +#| "companies can be proud of internally,” Shuman said. Some companies have " +#| "even built publicity campaigns around the fact that they have sponsored " +#| "these initiatives." msgid "" "Importantly, the value to corporate sponsors goes beyond commercial " "considerations. As a nonprofit with a clearly articulated social mission, " -"corporate sponsorships are donations to a cause. “This is something " -"companies can be proud of internally,” Shuman said. Some companies have even " -"built publicity campaigns around the fact that they have sponsored these " -"initiatives." +"corporate sponsorships are donations to a cause. <quote>This is something " +"companies can be proud of internally,</quote> Shuman said. Some companies " +"have even built publicity campaigns around the fact that they have sponsored " +"these initiatives." msgstr "" "Viktigere er at verdien for bedriftssponsorer har utbredelse utover " "kommersielle hensyn. Som en ideell organisasjon med en tydelig artikulert " @@ -17032,14 +19264,22 @@ msgstr "" "initiativene." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8927 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8962 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "The core mission of TeachAIDS—ensuring global access to life-saving " +#| "education—is at the root of everything the organization does. It " +#| "underpins the work; it motivates the funders. The CC license on the " +#| "materials they create furthers that mission, allowing them to safely and " +#| "quickly scale their materials worldwide. “The Creative Commons license " +#| "has been a game changer for TeachAIDS,” Piya said." msgid "" "The core mission of TeachAIDS—ensuring global access to life-saving education" "—is at the root of everything the organization does. It underpins the work; " "it motivates the funders. The CC license on the materials they create " "furthers that mission, allowing them to safely and quickly scale their " -"materials worldwide. “The Creative Commons license has been a game changer " -"for TeachAIDS,” Piya said." +"materials worldwide. <quote>The Creative Commons license has been a game " +"changer for TeachAIDS,</quote> Piya said." msgstr "" "Kjerneoppgaven til TeachAIDS – å sikre global tilgang til livreddende " "utdanning, er roten til alt organisasjonen gjør. Det underbygger arbeidet; " @@ -17049,12 +19289,12 @@ msgstr "" "TeachAIDS», sier Piya." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8937 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8972 msgid "Tribe of Noise" msgstr "Tribe of Noise" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8940 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8975 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise is a for-profit online music platform serving the film, TV, " "video, gaming, and in-store-media industries. Founded in 2008 in the " @@ -17065,18 +19305,18 @@ msgstr "" "Nederland." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8945 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8980 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.tribeofnoise.com\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://www.tribeofnoise.com\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8950 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8985 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: January 26, 2016" msgstr "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Dato for intervju</emphasis>: 26. januar 2016" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8953 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8988 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Hessel van Oorschot, " "cofounder" @@ -17085,7 +19325,7 @@ msgstr "" "medgrunnlegger" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8961 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8996 msgid "" "In the early 2000s, Hessel van Oorschot was an entrepreneur running a " "business where he coached other midsize entrepreneurs how to create an " @@ -17102,7 +19342,7 @@ msgstr "" "lisensiering, inkludert bruk av fri programvare og Creative Commons." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8970 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9005 msgid "" "In 2005, Hessel and Sandra Brandenburg launched a niche video-production " "initiative. Almost immediately, they ran into issues around finding and " @@ -17120,26 +19360,35 @@ msgstr "" "lisensiere musikk direkte fra en rettighetshaver lett tilgjengelig." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8980 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9015 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "They hired two lawyers to investigate further, and while they uncovered " +#| "five or six examples, Hessel found the business models lacking. The " +#| "lawyers expressed interest in being their legal team should they decide " +#| "to pursue this as an entrepreneurial opportunity. Hessel says, “When " +#| "lawyers are interested in a venture like this, you might have something " +#| "special.” So after some more research, in early 2008, Hessel and Sandra " +#| "decided to build a platform." msgid "" "They hired two lawyers to investigate further, and while they uncovered five " "or six examples, Hessel found the business models lacking. The lawyers " "expressed interest in being their legal team should they decide to pursue " -"this as an entrepreneurial opportunity. Hessel says, “When lawyers are " -"interested in a venture like this, you might have something special.” So " -"after some more research, in early 2008, Hessel and Sandra decided to build " -"a platform." +"this as an entrepreneurial opportunity. Hessel says, <quote>When lawyers are " +"interested in a venture like this, you might have something special.</quote> " +"So after some more research, in early 2008, Hessel and Sandra decided to " +"build a platform." msgstr "" "De leide to advokater til å utrede ytterligere, og mens de avdekket fem " "eller seks eksempler, fant Hessel at forretningsmodellen manglet. " "Advokatene uttrykte interesse for å være deres juridiske team hvis de skulle " -"bestemme seg for å forfølge dette som en forretningsmulighet. Hessel sier, «" -"Når advokater er interessert i en satsing som dette, har du kanskje noe " +"bestemme seg for å forfølge dette som en forretningsmulighet. Hessel sier, " +"«Når advokater er interessert i en satsing som dette, har du kanskje noe " "spesielt». Så etter noen flere undersøkelser, besluttet Hessel og Sandra " "tidlig i 2008 å bygge en plattform." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8990 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9025 msgid "" "Building a platform posed a real chicken-and-egg problem. The platform had " "to build an online community of music-rights holders and, at the same time, " @@ -17154,7 +19403,7 @@ msgstr "" "musikk krever et tillitsforhold." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8997 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9032 msgid "" "In July 2008, Tribe of Noise opened its virtual doors with a couple hundred " "musicians willing to use the CC BY-SA license (Attribution-ShareAlike) for a " @@ -17169,12 +19418,12 @@ msgstr "" "problemene de to personlig hadde erfart for å finne denne musikken." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9012 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9047 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.instoremusicservice.com\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://www.instoremusicservice.com\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9005 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9040 msgid "" "As they were growing the community, Hessel got a phone call from a company " "that made in-store music playlists asking if they had enough music licensed " @@ -17191,11 +19440,30 @@ msgstr "" "trengte kvalitetsmusikk som var god å lytte til, men ikke nødvendigvis " "slagere, litt som en radio uten DJ. Dette åpnet en ny mulighet for Tribe of " "Noise. De startet sin i-butikken Music Service, og brukte musikk (lisensiert " -"med CC BY-SA) lastet opp av Tribe of Noise sitt fellesskap av musikere.<" -"placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"med CC BY-SA) lastet opp av Tribe of Noise sitt fellesskap av musikere." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9015 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9050 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "In most countries, artists, authors, and musicians join a collecting " +#| "society that manages the licensing and helps collect the royalties. " +#| "Copyright collecting societies in the European Union usually hold " +#| "monopolies in their respective national markets. In addition, they " +#| "require their members to transfer exclusive administration rights to them " +#| "of all of their works. This complicates the picture for Tribe of Noise, " +#| "who wants to represent artists, or at least a portion of their " +#| "repertoire. Hessel and his legal team reached out to collecting " +#| "societies, starting with those in the Netherlands. What would be the best " +#| "legal way forward that would respect the wishes of composers and " +#| "musicians who’d be interested in trying out new models like the In-store " +#| "Music Service? Collecting societies at first were hesitant and said no, " +#| "but Tribe of Noise persisted arguing that they primarily work with " +#| "unknown artists and provide them exposure in parts of the world where " +#| "they don’t get airtime normally and a source of revenue—and this " +#| "convinced them that it was OK. However, Hessel says, “We are still " +#| "fighting for a good cause every single day.”" msgid "" "In most countries, artists, authors, and musicians join a collecting society " "that manages the licensing and helps collect the royalties. Copyright " @@ -17211,8 +19479,8 @@ msgid "" "hesitant and said no, but Tribe of Noise persisted arguing that they " "primarily work with unknown artists and provide them exposure in parts of " "the world where they don’t get airtime normally and a source of revenue—and " -"this convinced them that it was OK. However, Hessel says, “We are still " -"fighting for a good cause every single day.”" +"this convinced them that it was OK. However, Hessel says, <quote>We are " +"still fighting for a good cause every single day.</quote>" msgstr "" "I de fleste land blir kunstnere, forfattere og musikere med i et " "innsamlingsselskap som administrerer lisensiering, og hjelper til med å " @@ -17224,15 +19492,27 @@ msgstr "" "Hessel og hans juridiske team tok kontakt med disse selskapene, og startet " "med dem i Nederland. Hva ville være den beste juridiske veien videre som " "ville respektere ønskene til komponister og musikere som var interessert i å " -"prøve ut nye modeller som i-butikken musikktjeneste (In-store Music Service)" -"? Opphavsrettsselskapene var først nølende og sa nei, men Tribe of Noise sto " -"fast og hevdet at de primært arbeidet med ukjente artister, og gir dem " -"eksponering i deler av verden hvor de vanligvis ikke får sendetid og en " +"prøve ut nye modeller som i-butikken musikktjeneste (In-store Music " +"Service)? Opphavsrettsselskapene var først nølende og sa nei, men Tribe of " +"Noise sto fast og hevdet at de primært arbeidet med ukjente artister, og gir " +"dem eksponering i deler av verden hvor de vanligvis ikke får sendetid og en " "inntektskilde – og dette overbeviste dem om at det var OK. Imidlertid sier " "Hessel, «Vi kjemper fortsatt for en god sak hver eneste dag»." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9036 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9071 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Instead of building a large sales force, Tribe of Noise partnered with " +#| "big organizations who have lots of clients and can act as a kind of Tribe " +#| "of Noise reseller. The largest telecom network in the Netherlands, for " +#| "example, sells Tribe’s In-store Music Service subscriptions to their " +#| "business clients, which include fashion retailers and fitness centers. " +#| "They have a similar deal with the leading trade association representing " +#| "hotels and restaurants in the country. Hessel hopes to “copy and paste” " +#| "this service into other countries where collecting societies understand " +#| "what you can do with Creative Commons. Outside of the Netherlands, early " +#| "adoptions have happened in Scandinavia, Belgium, and the U.S." msgid "" "Instead of building a large sales force, Tribe of Noise partnered with big " "organizations who have lots of clients and can act as a kind of Tribe of " @@ -17240,10 +19520,10 @@ msgid "" "sells Tribe’s In-store Music Service subscriptions to their business " "clients, which include fashion retailers and fitness centers. They have a " "similar deal with the leading trade association representing hotels and " -"restaurants in the country. Hessel hopes to “copy and paste” this service " -"into other countries where collecting societies understand what you can do " -"with Creative Commons. Outside of the Netherlands, early adoptions have " -"happened in Scandinavia, Belgium, and the U.S." +"restaurants in the country. Hessel hopes to <quote>copy and paste</quote> " +"this service into other countries where collecting societies understand what " +"you can do with Creative Commons. Outside of the Netherlands, early " +"adoptions have happened in Scandinavia, Belgium, and the U.S." msgstr "" "I stedet for å bygge en stor salgsstyrke, samarbeider Tribe of Noise med " "store organisasjoner med mange klienter, og kan fungere som en slags Tribe " @@ -17256,7 +19536,7 @@ msgstr "" "Nederland fulgte oppfølgingen i Skandinavia, Belgia, og USA." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9049 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9085 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise doesn’t pay the musicians up front; they get paid when their " "music ends up in Tribe of Noise’s in-store music channels. The musicians’ " @@ -17271,12 +19551,12 @@ msgstr "" "betydelig bedre avtale. Her viser de et eksempel på sin hjemmeside:" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9065 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9101 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.tribeofnoise.com/info_instoremusic.php\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://www.tribeofnoise.com/info_instoremusic.php\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9057 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9093 msgid "" "A few of your songs [licensed with CC BY-SA], for example five in total, are " "selected for a bespoke in-store music channel broadcasting at a large " @@ -17294,11 +19574,11 @@ msgstr "" "1,43 %. Lisensavgiften man er enige med denne forhandleren om er US dollar " "12 pr. måned pr. play-out. Så hvis 42,5 % deles med Tribes musikere i denne " "spillelisten, og din del er 1,43 %, ender du opp med US dollar 12 * 1000 " -"butikker * 0.425 * 0.0143 = US dollar 73 pr. måned.<placeholder type=\"" -"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"butikker * 0.425 * 0.0143 = US dollar 73 pr. måned.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9068 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9104 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise has another model that does not involve Creative Commons. In " "a survey with members, most said they liked the exposure using Creative " @@ -17317,15 +19597,25 @@ msgstr "" "lisensen utelukke dem fra å bli rik fra salg av den sangen." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9079 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9115 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Hessel’s legal team took this feedback and created a second model and " +#| "separate area of the platform called Tribe of Noise Pro. Songs uploaded " +#| "to Tribe of Noise Pro aren’t Creative Commons licensed; Tribe of Noise " +#| "has instead created a “nonexclusive exploitation” contract, similar to a " +#| "Creative Commons license but allowing musicians to opt out whenever they " +#| "want. When you opt out, Tribe of Noise agrees to take your music off the " +#| "Tribe of Noise platform within one to two months. This lets the musician " +#| "reuse their song for a better deal." msgid "" "Hessel’s legal team took this feedback and created a second model and " "separate area of the platform called Tribe of Noise Pro. Songs uploaded to " "Tribe of Noise Pro aren’t Creative Commons licensed; Tribe of Noise has " -"instead created a “nonexclusive exploitation” contract, similar to a " -"Creative Commons license but allowing musicians to opt out whenever they " -"want. When you opt out, Tribe of Noise agrees to take your music off the " -"Tribe of Noise platform within one to two months. This lets the musician " +"instead created a <quote>nonexclusive exploitation</quote> contract, similar " +"to a Creative Commons license but allowing musicians to opt out whenever " +"they want. When you opt out, Tribe of Noise agrees to take your music off " +"the Tribe of Noise platform within one to two months. This lets the musician " "reuse their song for a better deal." msgstr "" "Hessels juridiske team tok tilbakemeldingen, og opprettet en andre modell og " @@ -17338,7 +19628,7 @@ msgstr "" "musikeren gjenbruke sangen med en bedre avtale." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9090 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9126 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise Pro is primarily geared toward media makers who are looking " "for music. If they buy a license from this catalog, they don’t have to state " @@ -17354,7 +19644,7 @@ msgstr "" "avtale." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9098 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9134 msgid "" "Lots of Tribe of Noise musicians upload songs to both Tribe of Noise Pro and " "the community area of Tribe of Noises. There aren’t that many artists who " @@ -17367,7 +19657,7 @@ msgstr "" "musikkrepertoar enn fellesområdet." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9104 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9140 msgid "" "Hessel sees the two as complementary. Both are needed for the model to work. " "With a whole generation of musicians interested in the sharing economy, the " @@ -17382,7 +19672,7 @@ msgstr "" "andre modeller som Tribe of Noise Pro." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9112 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9148 msgid "" "Every musician who joins Tribe of Noise gets their own home page and free " "unlimited Web space to upload as much of their own music as they like. Tribe " @@ -17403,7 +19693,7 @@ msgstr "" "plattformen, og som virkelig engasjerer seg med dem." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9123 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9159 msgid "" "Another way Tribe of Noise creates community and interest is with contests, " "which are organized in partnership with Tribe of Noise clients. The client " @@ -17421,7 +19711,7 @@ msgstr "" "lage en sang for å møte det behovet." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9133 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9169 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise now has twenty-seven thousand members from 192 countries, and " "many are exploring do-it-yourself models for generating revenue. Some came " @@ -17444,7 +19734,7 @@ msgstr "" "under CC BY-SA, og velger andre opphavsrettsselskaper som ASCAP eller BMI." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9145 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9181 msgid "" "It’s not uncommon for performance-rights organizations, record labels, or " "music publishers to sign contracts with musicians based on exclusivity. Such " @@ -17465,9 +19755,9 @@ msgstr "" "slik ordning hindrer disse musikerne i å laste opp musikken til Tribe of " "Noise. I USA kan du ha et opphavsrettsselskap til å håndtere noen av " "sporene, mens i mange land i Europa foretrekker opphavsrettsselskapet å " -"representere hele repertoaret (selv om Europakommisjonen gjør noen endringer)" -". Tribe of Noise håndterer dette problemet hele tiden, og gir deg en " -"advarsel hver gang du laster opp en sang. Hvis opphavsrettsselskapet er " +"representere hele repertoaret (selv om Europakommisjonen gjør noen " +"endringer). Tribe of Noise håndterer dette problemet hele tiden, og gir deg " +"en advarsel hver gang du laster opp en sang. Hvis opphavsrettsselskapet er " "villig til å være åpent og fleksibelt, og gjøre det meste de kan for sine " "medlemmer, kan de vurdere organisasjoner som Tribe of Noise som et kjekt " "tillegg, som genererer mer eksponering og inntekter for musikere de " @@ -17475,7 +19765,7 @@ msgstr "" "dette arbeidet uten rettstvister." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9162 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9198 msgid "" "For Hessel the key to Tribe of Noise’s success is trust. The fact that " "Creative Commons licenses work the same way all over the world and have been " @@ -17496,12 +19786,12 @@ msgstr "" "for musikk, en modell basert på tillit." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9174 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9210 msgid "Wikimedia Foundation" msgstr "Wikimedia-stiftelsen" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9177 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9213 msgid "" "The Wikimedia Foundation is the nonprofit organization that hosts Wikipedia " "and its sister projects. Founded in 2003 in the U.S." @@ -17510,23 +19800,23 @@ msgstr "" "søsterprosjekter. Grunnlagt i 2003 i USA." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9182 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9218 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://wikimediafoundation.org\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://wikimediafoundation.org\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9184 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9220 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: donations" msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Inntektsmodell</emphasis>: Donasjoner" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9186 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9222 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: December 18, 2015" msgstr "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Dato for intervju</emphasis>: 18. desember 2015" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9189 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9225 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: Luis Villa, former Chief " "Officer of Community Engagement, and Stephen LaPorte, legal counsel" @@ -17535,12 +19825,12 @@ msgstr "" "for Community Engagement, og Stephen LaPorte, advokat" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9198 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9234 msgid "Nearly every person with an online presence knows Wikipedia." msgstr "Nesten hver person som er på nettet vet om Wikipedia." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9201 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9237 msgid "" "In many ways, it is the preeminent open project: The online encyclopedia is " "created entirely by volunteers. Anyone in the world can edit the articles. " @@ -17555,7 +19845,7 @@ msgstr "" "tilpasse det til hvilket som helst formål." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9209 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9245 msgid "" "As of December 2016, there were more than forty-two million articles in the " "295 language editions of the online encyclopedia, according to—what else?—" @@ -17565,7 +19855,7 @@ msgstr "" "nettleksikonet, ifølge, selvfølgelig, Wikipedia-artikkelen om Wikipedia." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9214 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9250 msgid "" "The Wikimedia Foundation is a U.S.-based nonprofit organization that owns " "the Wikipedia domain name and hosts the site, along with many other related " @@ -17592,10 +19882,16 @@ msgstr "" "tusen som ikke er koblet til en bestemt organisasjon." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9228 -msgid "" -"As Wikimedia legal counsel Stephen LaPorte told us, “There is a common " -"saying that Wikipedia works in practice but not in theory.” While it " +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9264 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "As Wikimedia legal counsel Stephen LaPorte told us, “There is a common " +#| "saying that Wikipedia works in practice but not in theory.” While it " +#| "undoubtedly has its challenges and flaws, Wikipedia and its sister " +#| "projects are a striking testament to the power of human collaboration." +msgid "" +"As Wikimedia legal counsel Stephen LaPorte told us, <quote>There is a common " +"saying that Wikipedia works in practice but not in theory.</quote> While it " "undoubtedly has its challenges and flaws, Wikipedia and its sister projects " "are a striking testament to the power of human collaboration." msgstr "" @@ -17606,7 +19902,7 @@ msgstr "" "menneskelig samarbeid." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9235 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9271 msgid "" "Because of its extraordinary breadth and scope, it does feel a bit like a " "unicorn. Indeed, there is nothing else like Wikipedia. Still, much of what " @@ -17623,7 +19919,7 @@ msgstr "" "omfang." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9244 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9280 msgid "" "The story of Wikipedia has been told many times. For our purposes, it is " "enough to know the experiment started in 2001 at a small scale, inspired by " @@ -17646,26 +19942,47 @@ msgstr "" "redigeringer utføres hver time." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9256 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9292 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "The nature of the content the community creates is ideal for asynchronous " +#| "cocreation. “An encyclopedia is something where incremental community " +#| "improvement really works,” Luis Villa, former Chief Officer of Community " +#| "Engagement, told us. The rules and processes that govern cocreation on " +#| "Wikipedia and its sister projects are all community-driven and vary by " +#| "language edition. There are entire books written on the intricacies of " +#| "their systems, but generally speaking, there are very few exceptions to " +#| "the rule that anyone can edit any article, even without an account on " +#| "their system. The extensive peer-review process includes elaborate " +#| "systems to resolve disputes, methods for managing particularly " +#| "controversial subject areas, talk pages explaining decisions, and much, " +#| "much more. The Wikimedia Foundation’s decision to leave governance of the " +#| "projects to the community is very deliberate. “We look at the things that " +#| "the community can do well, and we want to let them do those things,” " +#| "Stephen told us. Instead, the foundation focuses its time and resources " +#| "on what the community cannot do as effectively, like the software " +#| "engineering that supports the technical infrastructure of the sites. In " +#| "2015-16, about half of the foundation’s budget went to direct support for " +#| "the Wikimedia sites." msgid "" "The nature of the content the community creates is ideal for asynchronous " -"cocreation. “An encyclopedia is something where incremental community " -"improvement really works,” Luis Villa, former Chief Officer of Community " -"Engagement, told us. The rules and processes that govern cocreation on " -"Wikipedia and its sister projects are all community-driven and vary by " -"language edition. There are entire books written on the intricacies of " -"their systems, but generally speaking, there are very few exceptions to the " -"rule that anyone can edit any article, even without an account on their " +"cocreation. <quote>An encyclopedia is something where incremental community " +"improvement really works,</quote> Luis Villa, former Chief Officer of " +"Community Engagement, told us. The rules and processes that govern " +"cocreation on Wikipedia and its sister projects are all community-driven and " +"vary by language edition. There are entire books written on the intricacies " +"of their systems, but generally speaking, there are very few exceptions to " +"the rule that anyone can edit any article, even without an account on their " "system. The extensive peer-review process includes elaborate systems to " "resolve disputes, methods for managing particularly controversial subject " "areas, talk pages explaining decisions, and much, much more. The Wikimedia " "Foundation’s decision to leave governance of the projects to the community " -"is very deliberate. “We look at the things that the community can do well, " -"and we want to let them do those things,” Stephen told us. Instead, the " -"foundation focuses its time and resources on what the community cannot do as " -"effectively, like the software engineering that supports the technical " -"infrastructure of the sites. In 2015-16, about half of the foundation’s " -"budget went to direct support for the Wikimedia sites." +"is very deliberate. <quote>We look at the things that the community can do " +"well, and we want to let them do those things,</quote> Stephen told us. " +"Instead, the foundation focuses its time and resources on what the community " +"cannot do as effectively, like the software engineering that supports the " +"technical infrastructure of the sites. In 2015-16, about half of the " +"foundation’s budget went to direct support for the Wikimedia sites." msgstr "" "Egenskapene til innholdet som fellesskapet lager er ideelt for asynkron " "samproduksjon. «Et leksikon er noe der trinnvis samfunnsforbedring virkelig " @@ -17687,19 +20004,34 @@ msgstr "" "støtte til Wikimedias nettsteder." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9279 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9316 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Some of that is directed at servers and general IT support, but the " +#| "foundation also invests a significant amount on architecture designed to " +#| "help the site function as effectively as possible. “There is a " +#| "constantly evolving system to keep the balance in place to avoid " +#| "Wikipedia becoming the world’s biggest graffiti wall,” Luis said. " +#| "Depending on how you measure it, somewhere between 90 to 98 percent of " +#| "edits to Wikipedia are positive. Some portion of that success is " +#| "attributable to the tools Wikimedia has in place to try to incentivize " +#| "good actors. “The secret to having any healthy community is bringing back " +#| "the right people,” Luis said. “Vandals tend to get bored and go away. " +#| "That is partially our model working, and partially just human nature.” " +#| "Most of the time, people want to do the right thing." msgid "" "Some of that is directed at servers and general IT support, but the " "foundation also invests a significant amount on architecture designed to " -"help the site function as effectively as possible. “There is a constantly " -"evolving system to keep the balance in place to avoid Wikipedia becoming the " -"world’s biggest graffiti wall,” Luis said. Depending on how you measure it, " -"somewhere between 90 to 98 percent of edits to Wikipedia are positive. Some " -"portion of that success is attributable to the tools Wikimedia has in place " -"to try to incentivize good actors. “The secret to having any healthy " -"community is bringing back the right people,” Luis said. “Vandals tend to " -"get bored and go away. That is partially our model working, and partially " -"just human nature.” Most of the time, people want to do the right thing." +"help the site function as effectively as possible. <quote>There is a " +"constantly evolving system to keep the balance in place to avoid Wikipedia " +"becoming the world’s biggest graffiti wall,</quote> Luis said. Depending on " +"how you measure it, somewhere between 90 to 98 percent of edits to Wikipedia " +"are positive. Some portion of that success is attributable to the tools " +"Wikimedia has in place to try to incentivize good actors. <quote>The secret " +"to having any healthy community is bringing back the right people,</quote> " +"Luis said. <quote>Vandals tend to get bored and go away. That is partially " +"our model working, and partially just human nature.</quote> Most of the " +"time, people want to do the right thing." msgstr "" "Noe av det gjelder tjenere (servere) og generell IT-støtte, men Wikipedia " "Foundation investerer betydelig på arkitektur som utvikles for å hjelpe til " @@ -17714,7 +20046,18 @@ msgstr "" "menneskelige naturen». Mesteparten av tiden ønsker folk å gjøre det riktige." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9294 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9332 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Wikipedia not only relies on good behavior within its community and on " +#| "its sites, but also by everyone else once the content leaves Wikipedia. " +#| "All of the text of Wikipedia is available under an Attribution-ShareAlike " +#| "license (CC BY-SA), which means it can be used for any purpose and " +#| "modified so long as credit is given and anything new is shared back with " +#| "the public under the same license. In theory, that means anyone can copy " +#| "the content and start a new Wikipedia. But as Stephen explained, “Being " +#| "open has only made Wikipedia bigger and stronger. The desire to protect " +#| "is not always what is best for everyone.”" msgid "" "Wikipedia not only relies on good behavior within its community and on its " "sites, but also by everyone else once the content leaves Wikipedia. All of " @@ -17722,9 +20065,9 @@ msgid "" "(CC BY-SA), which means it can be used for any purpose and modified so long " "as credit is given and anything new is shared back with the public under the " "same license. In theory, that means anyone can copy the content and start a " -"new Wikipedia. But as Stephen explained, “Being open has only made Wikipedia " -"bigger and stronger. The desire to protect is not always what is best for " -"everyone.”" +"new Wikipedia. But as Stephen explained, <quote>Being open has only made " +"Wikipedia bigger and stronger. The desire to protect is not always what is " +"best for everyone.</quote>" msgstr "" "Wikipedia stoler ikke bare på god oppførsel i fellesskapet og på sine " "nettsteder, men også av alle andre når innholdet spres fra Wikipedia. Hele " @@ -17736,7 +20079,7 @@ msgstr "" "sterkere. Ønsket om å beskytte er ikke alltid det som er best for alle»." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9318 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9356 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://gimletmedia.com/episode/14-the-art-of-making-and-fixing-" "mistakes/\"/>" @@ -17745,7 +20088,24 @@ msgstr "" "mistakes/\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9306 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9344 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Of course, the primary reason no one has successfully co-opted Wikipedia " +#| "is that copycat efforts do not have the Wikipedia community to sustain " +#| "what they do. Wikipedia is not simply a source of up-to-the-minute " +#| "content on every given topic—it is also a global patchwork of humans " +#| "working together in a million different ways, in a million different " +#| "capacities, for a million different reasons. While many have tried to " +#| "guess what makes Wikipedia work as well it does, the fact is there is no " +#| "single explanation. “In a movement as large as ours, there is an " +#| "incredible diversity of motivations,” Stephen said. For example, there is " +#| "one editor of the English Wikipedia edition who has corrected a single " +#| "grammatical error in articles more than forty-eight thousand times." +#| "<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Only a fraction of Wikipedia " +#| "users are also editors. But editing is not the only way to contribute to " +#| "Wikipedia. “Some donate text, some donate images, some donate " +#| "financially,” Stephen told us. “They are all contributors.”" msgid "" "Of course, the primary reason no one has successfully co-opted Wikipedia is " "that copycat efforts do not have the Wikipedia community to sustain what " @@ -17754,14 +20114,14 @@ msgid "" "in a million different ways, in a million different capacities, for a " "million different reasons. While many have tried to guess what makes " "Wikipedia work as well it does, the fact is there is no single explanation. " -"“In a movement as large as ours, there is an incredible diversity of " -"motivations,” Stephen said. For example, there is one editor of the English " -"Wikipedia edition who has corrected a single grammatical error in articles " -"more than forty-eight thousand times.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/" -"> Only a fraction of Wikipedia users are also editors. But editing is not " -"the only way to contribute to Wikipedia. “Some donate text, some donate " -"images, some donate financially,” Stephen told us. “They are all " -"contributors.”" +"<quote>In a movement as large as ours, there is an incredible diversity of " +"motivations,</quote> Stephen said. For example, there is one editor of the " +"English Wikipedia edition who has corrected a single grammatical error in " +"articles more than forty-eight thousand times.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " +"id=\"0\"/> Only a fraction of Wikipedia users are also editors. But editing " +"is not the only way to contribute to Wikipedia. <quote>Some donate text, " +"some donate images, some donate financially,</quote> Stephen told us. " +"<quote>They are all contributors.</quote>" msgstr "" "Selvfølgelig er den primære årsaken til at ingen har lykkes kooptere " "Wikipedia, er at kopieringsbestrebelsene ikke har Wikipedia-fellesskapet til " @@ -17780,7 +20140,7 @@ msgstr "" "fortalte Stephen oss. «De er alle bidragsytere.»" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9324 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9363 msgid "" "But the vast majority of us who use Wikipedia are not contributors; we are " "passive readers. The Wikimedia Foundation survives primarily on individual " @@ -17798,7 +20158,7 @@ msgstr "" "mer enn 77 millioner dollar fra mer enn fem millioner givere." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9334 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9373 msgid "" "The foundation has a fund-raising team that works year-round to raise money, " "but the bulk of their revenue comes in during the December campaign in " @@ -17817,7 +20177,7 @@ msgstr "" "verdi, så gi tilbake. Hver liten del hjelper. Med nok øyne har de rett." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9345 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9384 msgid "" "The vision of the Wikimedia Foundation is a world in which every single " "human being can freely share in the sum of all knowledge. They work to " @@ -17835,7 +20195,7 @@ msgstr "" "er grunnleggende for alt fondet gjør." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9354 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9393 msgid "" "The philosophy behind the endeavor also enables the foundation to be " "financially sustainable. It instills trust in their readership, which is " @@ -17848,12 +20208,18 @@ msgstr "" "fellesskapet deres." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9360 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9399 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Any given edit on Wikipedia could be motivated by nearly an infinite " +#| "number of reasons. But the social mission of the project is what binds " +#| "the global community together. “Wikipedia is an example of how a mission " +#| "can motivate an entire movement,” Stephen told us." msgid "" "Any given edit on Wikipedia could be motivated by nearly an infinite number " "of reasons. But the social mission of the project is what binds the global " -"community together. “Wikipedia is an example of how a mission can motivate " -"an entire movement,” Stephen told us." +"community together. <quote>Wikipedia is an example of how a mission can " +"motivate an entire movement,</quote> Stephen told us." msgstr "" "Alle gitte endringer på Wikipedia kan være motivert av nesten uendelig mange " "grunner. Men den sosiale misjonen prosjektet har, er det som binder det " @@ -17861,12 +20227,19 @@ msgstr "" "kan motivere en hel bevegelse», fortalte Stephen oss." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9367 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9406 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Of course, what results from that movement is one of the Internet’s great " +#| "public resources. “The Internet has a lot of businesses and stores, but " +#| "it is missing the digital equivalent of parks and open public spaces,” " +#| "Stephen said. “Wikipedia has found a way to be that open public space.”" msgid "" "Of course, what results from that movement is one of the Internet’s great " -"public resources. “The Internet has a lot of businesses and stores, but it " -"is missing the digital equivalent of parks and open public spaces,” Stephen " -"said. “Wikipedia has found a way to be that open public space.”" +"public resources. <quote>The Internet has a lot of businesses and stores, " +"but it is missing the digital equivalent of parks and open public spaces,</" +"quote> Stephen said. <quote>Wikipedia has found a way to be that open " +"public space.</quote>" msgstr "" "Selvfølgelig, resultatet fra bevegelsen er blitt en av Internetts store " "offentlige ressurser. «Internett har mange bedrifter og butikker, men det " @@ -17874,12 +20247,12 @@ msgstr "" "Stephen. «Wikipedia har klart å bli et slikt åpent offentlig område.»" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9376 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9416 msgid "Bibliography" msgstr "Bibliografi" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9378 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9418 msgid "" "Alperovitz, Gar. What Then Must We Do? Straight Talk about the Next American " "Revolution; Democratizing Wealth and Building a Community-Sustaining Economy " @@ -17890,7 +20263,7 @@ msgstr "" "from the Ground Up. White River Junction, VT: Chelsea Green, 2013." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9384 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9424 msgid "" "Anderson, Chris. Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by Giving " "Something for Nothing, reprint with new preface. New York: Hyperion, 2010." @@ -17899,21 +20272,25 @@ msgstr "" "Something for Nothing, reprint with new preface. New York: Hyperion, 2010." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9389 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9429 msgid "———. Makers: The New Industrial Revolution. New York: Signal, 2012." msgstr "———. Makers: The New Industrial Revolution. New York: Signal, 2012." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9392 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9432 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Ariely, Dan. Predictably Irrational: The Hidden Forces That Shape Our " +#| "Decisions. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Perennial, 2010." msgid "" "Ariely, Dan. Predictably Irrational: The Hidden Forces That Shape Our " -"Decisions. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Perennial, 2010." +"Decisions. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Perennial, 2010." msgstr "" "Ariely, Dan. Predictably Irrational: The Hidden Forces That Shape Our " "Decisions. Oppdatert utgave. New York: Harper Perennial, 2010." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9396 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9436 msgid "" "Bacon, Jono. The Art of Community. 2nd ed. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, " "2012." @@ -17922,7 +20299,7 @@ msgstr "" "Media, 2012." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9400 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9440 msgid "" "Benkler, Yochai. The Wealth of Networks: How Social Production Transforms " "Markets and Freedom. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2006. <ulink url=" @@ -17935,7 +20312,7 @@ msgstr "" "CC BY-NC-SA)." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9407 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9447 msgid "" "Benyayer, Louis-David, ed. Open Models: Business Models of the Open Economy. " "Cachan, France: Without Model, 2016. <ulink url=\"http://www.slideshare.net/" @@ -17946,7 +20323,7 @@ msgstr "" "WithoutModel/open-models-book-64463892\"/> (lisensiert med CC BY-SA)." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9413 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9453 msgid "" "Bollier, David. Commoning as a Transformative Social Paradigm. Paper " "commissioned by the Next Systems Project. Washington, DC: Democracy " @@ -17959,7 +20336,7 @@ msgstr "" "transformative-social-paradigm/\"/>." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9419 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9459 msgid "" "———. Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of the Commons. " "Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014." @@ -17968,7 +20345,7 @@ msgstr "" "Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9423 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9463 msgid "" "Bollier, David, and Pat Conaty. Democratic Money and Capital for the " "Commons: Strategies for Transforming Neoliberal Finance through Commons-" @@ -17987,7 +20364,7 @@ msgstr "" "democratic-money-and-capital-commons\"/>." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9433 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9473 msgid "" "Bollier, David, and Silke Helfrich, eds. The Wealth of the Commons: A World " "Beyond Market and State. Amherst, MA: Levellers Press, 2012." @@ -17996,7 +20373,7 @@ msgstr "" "Beyond Market and State. Amherst, MA: Levellers Press, 2012." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9437 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9477 msgid "" "Botsman, Rachel, and Roo Rogers. What’s Mine Is Yours: The Rise of " "Collaborative Consumption. New York: Harper Business, 2010." @@ -18005,7 +20382,7 @@ msgstr "" "Collaborative Consumption. New York: Harper Business, 2010." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9441 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9481 msgid "" "Boyle, James. The Public Domain: Enclosing the Commons of the Mind. New " "Haven: Yale University Press, 2008." @@ -18014,7 +20391,7 @@ msgstr "" "Haven: Yale University Press, 2008." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9444 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9484 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.thepublicdomain.org/download/\"/> (licensed under CC " "BY-NC-SA)." @@ -18023,7 +20400,7 @@ msgstr "" "BY-NC-SA)." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9448 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9488 msgid "" "Capra, Fritjof, and Ugo Mattei. The Ecology of Law: Toward a Legal System in " "Tune with Nature and Community. Oakland, CA: Berrett-Koehler, 2015." @@ -18032,7 +20409,7 @@ msgstr "" "Tune with Nature and Community. Oakland, CA: Berrett-Koehler, 2015." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9453 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9493 msgid "" "Chesbrough, Henry. Open Business Models: How to Thrive in the New Innovation " "Landscape. Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 2006." @@ -18041,7 +20418,7 @@ msgstr "" "Landscape. Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 2006." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9457 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9497 msgid "" "———. Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and Profiting from " "Technology. Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2006." @@ -18050,7 +20427,7 @@ msgstr "" "Technology. Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2006." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9461 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9501 msgid "" "City of Bologna. Regulation on Collaboration between Citizens and the City " "for the Care and Regeneration of Urban Commons. Translated by LabGov " @@ -18067,18 +20444,23 @@ msgstr "" "regeneration-of-urban-commons1.pdf\"/>." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9468 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9508 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Cole, Daniel H. “Learning from Lin: Lessons and Cautions from the Natural " +#| "Commons for the Knowledge Commons.” Chap. 2 in Frischmann, Madison, and " +#| "Strandburg, Governing Knowledge Commons." msgid "" -"Cole, Daniel H. “Learning from Lin: Lessons and Cautions from the Natural " -"Commons for the Knowledge Commons.” Chap. 2 in Frischmann, Madison, and " -"Strandburg, Governing Knowledge Commons." +"Cole, Daniel H. <quote>Learning from Lin: Lessons and Cautions from the " +"Natural Commons for the Knowledge Commons.</quote> Chap. 2 in Frischmann, " +"Madison, and Strandburg, Governing Knowledge Commons." msgstr "" "Cole, Daniel H. «Learning from Lin: Lessons and Cautions from the Natural " "Commons for the Knowledge Commons.» Kapittel 2 i Frischmann, Madison, og " "Strandburg, Governing Knowledge Commons." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9473 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9513 msgid "" "Creative Commons. 2015 State of the Commons. Mountain View, CA: Creative " "Commons, 2015. <ulink url=\"http://stateof.creativecommons.org/2015/\"/>." @@ -18087,7 +20469,7 @@ msgstr "" "Commons, 2015. <ulink url=\"http://stateof.creativecommons.org/2015/\"/>." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9478 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9518 msgid "" "Doctorow, Cory. Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: Laws for the Internet " "Age. San Francisco: McSweeney’s, 2014." @@ -18096,18 +20478,25 @@ msgstr "" "Age. San Francisco: McSweeney’s, 2014." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9482 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9522 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Eckhardt, Giana, and Fleura Bardhi. “The Sharing Economy Isn’t about " +#| "Sharing at All.” Harvard Business Review, January 28, 2015. <ulink url=" +#| "\"http://hbr.org/2015/01/the-sharing-economy-isnt-about-sharing-at-all\"/" +#| ">." msgid "" -"Eckhardt, Giana, and Fleura Bardhi. “The Sharing Economy Isn’t about Sharing " -"at All.” Harvard Business Review, January 28, 2015. <ulink url=\"http://hbr." -"org/2015/01/the-sharing-economy-isnt-about-sharing-at-all\"/>." +"Eckhardt, Giana, and Fleura Bardhi. <quote>The Sharing Economy Isn’t about " +"Sharing at All.</quote> Harvard Business Review, January 28, 2015. <ulink " +"url=\"http://hbr.org/2015/01/the-sharing-economy-isnt-about-sharing-at-all\"/" +">." msgstr "" "Eckhardt, Giana, og Fleura Bardhi. «The Sharing Economy Isn’t about Sharing " "at All.» Harvard Business Review, January 28, 2015. <ulink url=\"http://hbr." "org/2015/01/the-sharing-economy-isnt-about-sharing-at-all\"/>." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9487 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9528 msgid "" "Elliott, Patricia W., and Daryl H. Hepting, eds. (2015). Free Knowledge: " "Confronting the Commodification of Human Discovery. Regina, SK: University " @@ -18120,7 +20509,7 @@ msgstr "" "Knowledge\"/> (lisensiert med CC BY-NC-ND)." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9494 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9535 msgid "" "Eyal, Nir. Hooked: How to Build Habit-Forming Products. With Ryan Hoover. " "New York: Portfolio, 2014." @@ -18129,27 +20518,39 @@ msgstr "" "New York: Portfolio, 2014." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9498 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9539 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Farley, Joshua, and Ida Kubiszewski. “The Economics of Information in a " +#| "Post-Carbon Economy.” Chap. 11 in Elliott and Hepting, Free Knowledge." msgid "" -"Farley, Joshua, and Ida Kubiszewski. “The Economics of Information in a Post-" -"Carbon Economy.” Chap. 11 in Elliott and Hepting, Free Knowledge." +"Farley, Joshua, and Ida Kubiszewski. <quote>The Economics of Information in " +"a Post-Carbon Economy.</quote> Chap. 11 in Elliott and Hepting, Free " +"Knowledge." msgstr "" "Farley, Joshua, og Ida Kubiszewski. «The Economics of Information in a Post-" "Carbon Economy.» Kapittel 11 in Elliott and Hepting, Free Knowledge." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9503 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9544 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Foster, William Landes, Peter Kim, and Barbara Christiansen. “Ten " +#| "Nonprofit Funding Models.” Stanford Social Innovation Review, Spring " +#| "2009. <ulink url=\"http://ssir.org/articles/entry/" +#| "ten_nonprofit_funding_models\"/>." msgid "" -"Foster, William Landes, Peter Kim, and Barbara Christiansen. “Ten Nonprofit " -"Funding Models.” Stanford Social Innovation Review, Spring 2009. <ulink url=" -"\"http://ssir.org/articles/entry/ten_nonprofit_funding_models\"/>." +"Foster, William Landes, Peter Kim, and Barbara Christiansen. <quote>Ten " +"Nonprofit Funding Models.</quote> Stanford Social Innovation Review, Spring " +"2009. <ulink url=\"http://ssir.org/articles/entry/" +"ten_nonprofit_funding_models\"/>." msgstr "" "Foster, William Landes, Peter Kim, og Barbara Christiansen. «Ten Nonprofit " "Funding Models.» Stanford Social Innovation Review, Spring 2009. <ulink url=" "\"http://ssir.org/articles/entry/ten_nonprofit_funding_models\"/>." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9509 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9550 msgid "" "Frischmann, Brett M. Infrastructure: The Social Value of Shared Resources. " "New York: Oxford University Press, 2012." @@ -18158,7 +20559,7 @@ msgstr "" "New York: Oxford University Press, 2012." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9513 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9554 msgid "" "Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg, eds. " "Governing Knowledge Commons. New York: Oxford University Press, 2014." @@ -18167,18 +20568,23 @@ msgstr "" "Governing Knowledge Commons. New York: Oxford University Press, 2014." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9518 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9559 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg. " +#| "“Governing Knowledge Commons.” Chap. 1 in Frischmann, Madison, and " +#| "Strandburg, Governing Knowledge Commons." msgid "" "Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg. " -"“Governing Knowledge Commons.” Chap. 1 in Frischmann, Madison, and " -"Strandburg, Governing Knowledge Commons." +"<quote>Governing Knowledge Commons.</quote> Chap. 1 in Frischmann, Madison, " +"and Strandburg, Governing Knowledge Commons." msgstr "" -"Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, og Katherine J. Strandburg. «" -"Governing Knowledge Commons.» Kapittel 1 i Frischmann, Madison, og " +"Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, og Katherine J. Strandburg. " +"«Governing Knowledge Commons.» Kapittel 1 i Frischmann, Madison, og " "Strandburg, Governing Knowledge Commons." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9523 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9564 msgid "" "Gansky, Lisa. The Mesh: Why the Future of Business Is Sharing. Reprint with " "new epilogue. New York: Portfolio, 2012." @@ -18187,7 +20593,7 @@ msgstr "" "med ny epolog. New York: Portfolio, 2012." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9527 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9568 msgid "" "Grant, Adam. Give and Take: Why Helping Others Drives Our Success. New " "York: Viking, 2013." @@ -18196,7 +20602,7 @@ msgstr "" "York: Viking, 2013." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9531 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9572 msgid "" "Haiven, Max. Crises of Imagination, Crises of Power: Capitalism, Creativity " "and the Commons. New York: Zed Books, 2014." @@ -18205,7 +20611,7 @@ msgstr "" "and the Commons. New York: Zed Books, 2014." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9535 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9576 msgid "" "Harris, Malcom, ed. Share or Die: Voices of the Get Lost Generation in the " "Age of Crisis. With Neal Gorenflo. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2012." @@ -18214,7 +20620,7 @@ msgstr "" "Age of Crisis. With Neal Gorenflo. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2012." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9540 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9581 msgid "" "Hermida, Alfred. Tell Everyone: Why We Share and Why It Matters. Toronto: " "Doubleday Canada, 2014." @@ -18223,7 +20629,7 @@ msgstr "" "Doubleday Canada, 2014." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9544 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9585 msgid "" "Hyde, Lewis. Common as Air: Revolution, Art, and Ownership. New York: " "Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2010." @@ -18232,7 +20638,7 @@ msgstr "" "Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2010." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9548 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9589 msgid "" "———. The Gift: Creativity and the Artist in the Modern World. 2nd Vintage " "Books edition. New York: Vintage Books, 2007." @@ -18241,7 +20647,7 @@ msgstr "" "Books edition. New York: Vintage Books, 2007." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9552 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9593 msgid "" "Kelley, Tom, and David Kelley. Creative Confidence: Unleashing the Potential " "within Us All. New York: Crown, 2013." @@ -18250,7 +20656,7 @@ msgstr "" "within Us All. New York: Crown, 2013." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9556 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9597 msgid "" "Kelly, Marjorie. Owning Our Future: The Emerging Ownership Revolution; " "Journeys to a Generative Economy. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2012." @@ -18259,7 +20665,7 @@ msgstr "" "Journeys to a Generative Economy. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2012." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9561 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9602 msgid "" "Kleon, Austin. Show Your Work: 10 Ways to Share Your Creativity and Get " "Discovered. New York: Workman, 2014." @@ -18268,7 +20674,7 @@ msgstr "" "Discovered. New York: Workman, 2014." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9565 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9606 msgid "" "———. Steal Like an Artist: 10 Things Nobody Told You about Being Creative. " "New York: Workman, 2012." @@ -18277,7 +20683,7 @@ msgstr "" "New York: Workman, 2012." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9569 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9610 msgid "" "Kramer, Bryan. Shareology: How Sharing Is Powering the Human Economy. New " "York: Morgan James, 2016." @@ -18286,18 +20692,23 @@ msgstr "" "York: Morgan James, 2016." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9573 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9614 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Lee, David. “Inside Medium: An Attempt to Bring Civility to the " +#| "Internet.” BBC News, March 3, 2016. <ulink url=\"http://www.bbc.com/news/" +#| "technology-35709680\"/>" msgid "" -"Lee, David. “Inside Medium: An Attempt to Bring Civility to the Internet.” " -"BBC News, March 3, 2016. <ulink url=\"http://www.bbc.com/news/" -"technology-35709680\"/>" +"Lee, David. <quote>Inside Medium: An Attempt to Bring Civility to the " +"Internet.</quote> BBC News, March 3, 2016. <ulink url=\"http://www.bbc.com/" +"news/technology-35709680\"/>" msgstr "" "Lee, David. «Inside Medium: An Attempt to Bring Civility to the Internet.» " "BBC News, March 3, 2016. <ulink url=\"http://www.bbc.com/news/" "technology-35709680\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9578 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9619 msgid "" "Lessig, Lawrence. Remix: Making Art and Commerce Thrive in the Hybrid " "Economy. New York: Penguin Press, 2008." @@ -18306,7 +20717,7 @@ msgstr "" "Economy. New York: Penguin Press, 2008." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9582 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9623 msgid "" "Menzies, Heather. Reclaiming the Commons for the Common Good: A Memoir and " "Manifesto. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014." @@ -18315,7 +20726,7 @@ msgstr "" "Manifesto. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9586 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9627 msgid "" "Mason, Paul. Postcapitalism: A Guide to Our Future. New York: Farrar, Straus " "and Giroux, 2015." @@ -18324,7 +20735,7 @@ msgstr "" "and Giroux, 2015." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9590 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9631 msgid "" "New York Times Customer Insight Group. The Psychology of Sharing: Why Do " "People Share Online? New York: New York Times Customer Insight Group, 2011. " @@ -18335,7 +20746,7 @@ msgstr "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.iab.net/media/file/POSWhitePaper.pdf\"/>." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9596 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9637 msgid "" "Osterwalder, Alex, and Yves Pigneur. Business Model Generation. Hoboken, " "NJ: John Wiley and Sons, 2010. A preview of the book is available at <ulink " @@ -18346,7 +20757,7 @@ msgstr "" "<ulink url=\"http://strategyzer.com/books/business-model-generation\"/>." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9602 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9643 msgid "" "Osterwalder, Alex, Yves Pigneur, Greg Bernarda, and Adam Smith. Value " "Proposition Design. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons, 2014. A preview of the " @@ -18359,7 +20770,7 @@ msgstr "" "strategyzer.com/books/value-proposition-design\"/>." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9608 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9649 msgid "" "Palmer, Amanda. The Art of Asking: Or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Let " "People Help. New York: Grand Central, 2014." @@ -18368,7 +20779,7 @@ msgstr "" "People Help. New York: Grand Central, 2014." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9612 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9653 msgid "" "Pekel, Joris. Democratising the Rijksmuseum: Why Did the Rijksmuseum Make " "Available Their Highest Quality Material without Restrictions, and What Are " @@ -18383,7 +20794,7 @@ msgstr "" "(lisensiert med CC BY-SA)." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9620 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9661 msgid "" "Ramos, José Maria, ed. The City as Commons: A Policy Reader. Melbourne, " "Australia: Commons Transition Coalition, 2016. <ulink url=\"http://www." @@ -18396,12 +20807,18 @@ msgstr "" "med CC BY-NC-ND)." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9626 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9667 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Raymond, Eric S. The Cathedral and the Bazaar: Musings on Linux and Open " +#| "Source by an Accidental Revolutionary. Rev. ed. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly " +#| "Media, 2001. See esp. “The Magic Cauldron.” <ulink url=\"http://www.catb." +#| "org/esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/\"/>." msgid "" "Raymond, Eric S. The Cathedral and the Bazaar: Musings on Linux and Open " -"Source by an Accidental Revolutionary. Rev. ed. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly " -"Media, 2001. See esp. “The Magic Cauldron.” <ulink url=\"http://www.catb.org/" -"esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/\"/>." +"Source by an Accidental Revolutionary. Rev. ed. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly " +"Media, 2001. See esp. <quote>The Magic Cauldron.</quote> <ulink url=\"http://" +"www.catb.org/esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/\"/>." msgstr "" "Raymond, Eric S. The Cathedral and the Bazaar: Musings on Linux and Open " "Source by an Accidental Revolutionary. Revidert utgave. Sebastopol, CA: " @@ -18409,7 +20826,7 @@ msgstr "" "www.catb.org/esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/\"/>." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9632 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9673 msgid "" "Ries, Eric. The Lean Startup: How Today’s Entrepreneurs Use Continuous " "Innovation to Create Radically Successful Businesses. New York: Crown " @@ -18420,7 +20837,7 @@ msgstr "" "Business, 2011." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9637 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9678 msgid "" "Rifkin, Jeremy. The Zero Marginal Cost Society: The Internet of Things, the " "Collaborative Commons, and the Eclipse of Capitalism. New York: Palgrave " @@ -18431,14 +20848,14 @@ msgstr "" "Macmillan, 2014." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9642 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9683 msgid "" "Rowe, Jonathan. Our Common Wealth. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013." msgstr "" "Rowe, Jonathan. Our Common Wealth. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9646 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9687 msgid "" "Rushkoff, Douglas. Throwing Rocks at the Google Bus: How Growth Became the " "Enemy of Prosperity. New York: Portfolio, 2016." @@ -18447,7 +20864,7 @@ msgstr "" "Enemy of Prosperity. New York: Portfolio, 2016." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9650 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9691 msgid "" "Sandel, Michael J. What Money Can’t Buy: The Moral Limits of Markets. New " "York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2012." @@ -18456,7 +20873,7 @@ msgstr "" "York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2012." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9654 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9695 msgid "" "Shirky, Clay. Cognitive Surplus: How Technology Makes Consumers into " "Collaborators. London, England: Penguin Books, 2010." @@ -18465,7 +20882,7 @@ msgstr "" "Collaborators. London, England: Penguin Books, 2010." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9658 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9699 msgid "" "Slee, Tom. What’s Yours Is Mine: Against the Sharing Economy. New York: OR " "Books, 2015." @@ -18474,7 +20891,7 @@ msgstr "" "Books, 2015." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9662 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9703 msgid "" "Stephany, Alex. The Business of Sharing: Making in the New Sharing Economy. " "New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015." @@ -18483,7 +20900,7 @@ msgstr "" "New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9666 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9707 msgid "" "Stepper, John. Working Out Loud: For a Better Career and Life. New York: " "Ikigai Press, 2015." @@ -18492,7 +20909,7 @@ msgstr "" "Ikigai Press, 2015." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9670 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9711 msgid "" "Sull, Donald, and Kathleen M. Eisenhardt. Simple Rules: How to Thrive in a " "Complex World. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2015." @@ -18501,7 +20918,7 @@ msgstr "" "Complex World. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2015." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9674 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9715 msgid "" "Sundararajan, Arun. The Sharing Economy: The End of Employment and the Rise " "of Crowd-Based Capitalism. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2016." @@ -18510,12 +20927,12 @@ msgstr "" "of Crowd-Based Capitalism. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2016." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9678 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9719 msgid "Surowiecki, James. The Wisdom of Crowds. New York: Anchor Books, 2005." msgstr "Surowiecki, James. The Wisdom of Crowds. New York: Anchor Books, 2005." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9682 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9723 msgid "" "Tapscott, Don, and Alex Tapscott. Blockchain Revolution: How the Technology " "Behind Bitcoin Is Changing Money, Business, and the World. Toronto: " @@ -18526,7 +20943,7 @@ msgstr "" "Portfolio, 2016." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9687 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9728 msgid "" "Tharp, Twyla. The Creative Habit: Learn It and Use It for Life. With Mark " "Reiter. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2006." @@ -18535,7 +20952,7 @@ msgstr "" "Reiter. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2006." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9691 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9732 msgid "" "Tkacz, Nathaniel. Wikipedia and the Politics of Openness. Chicago: " "University of Chicago Press, 2015." @@ -18544,7 +20961,7 @@ msgstr "" "University of Chicago Press, 2015." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9695 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9736 msgid "" "Van Abel, Bass, Lucas Evers, Roel Klaassen, and Peter Troxler, eds. Open " "Design Now: Why Design Cannot Remain Exclusive. Amsterdam: BIS Publishers, " @@ -18559,7 +20976,7 @@ msgstr "" "opendesignnow.org\"/> (lisensiert med CC BY-NC-SA)." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9703 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9744 msgid "" "Van den Hoff, Ronald. Mastering the Global Transition on Our Way to Society " "3.0. Utrecht, the Netherlands: Society 3.0 Foundation, 2014. <ulink url=" @@ -18570,7 +20987,7 @@ msgstr "" "\"http://society30.com/get-the-book/\"/> (lisensiert med CC BY-NC-ND)." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9709 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9750 msgid "" "Von Hippel, Eric. Democratizing Innovation. London: MIT Press, 2005. <ulink " "url=\"http://web.mit.edu/evhippel/www/democ1.htm\"/> (licensed under CC BY-" @@ -18581,7 +20998,7 @@ msgstr "" "NC-ND)." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9714 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9755 msgid "" "Whitehurst, Jim. The Open Organization: Igniting Passion and Performance. " "Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2015." @@ -18590,12 +21007,12 @@ msgstr "" "Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2015." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9719 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9760 msgid "Acknowledgments" msgstr "Takk til" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9721 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9762 msgid "" "We extend special thanks to Creative Commons CEO Ryan Merkley, the Creative " "Commons Board, and all of our Creative Commons colleagues for " @@ -18609,7 +21026,7 @@ msgstr "" "for startstøtten som fikk oss i gang med prosjektet." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9728 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9769 msgid "" "Huge appreciation to all the Made with Creative Commons interviewees for " "sharing their stories with us. You make the commons come alive. Thanks for " @@ -18620,7 +21037,7 @@ msgstr "" "inspirasjonen." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9733 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9774 msgid "" "We interviewed more than the twenty-four organizations profiled in this " "book. We extend special thanks to Gooru, OERu, Sage Bionetworks, and Medium " @@ -18636,7 +21053,7 @@ msgstr "" "det de har gjort." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9741 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9782 msgid "" "This book was made possible by the generous support of 1,687 Kickstarter " "backers listed below. We especially acknowledge our many Kickstarter co-" @@ -18649,7 +21066,7 @@ msgstr "" "uvurderlige tilbakemeldinger. Ektefølt takk til dere alle." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9747 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9788 msgid "" "Co-editor Kickstarter backers (alphabetically by first name): Abraham " "Taherivand, Alan Graham, Alfredo Louro, Anatoly Volynets, Aurora Thornton, " @@ -18742,7 +21159,354 @@ msgstr "" "Yancey Strickler." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9798 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9839 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "All other Kickstarter backers (alphabetically by first name): A. Lee, " +#| "Aaron C. Rathbun, Aaron Stubbs, Aaron Suggs, Abdul Razak Manaf, Abraham " +#| "Taherivand, Adam Croom, Adam Finer, Adam Hansen, Adam Morris, Adam " +#| "Procter, Adam Quirk, Adam Rory Porter, Adam Simmons, Adam Tinworth, Adam " +#| "Zimmerman, Adrian Ho, Adrian Smith, Adriane Ruzak, Adriano Loconte, Al " +#| "Sweigart, Alain Imbaud, Alan Graham, Alan M. Ford, Alan Swithenbank, Alan " +#| "Vonlanthen, Albert O’Connor, Alec Foster, Alejandro Suarez Cebrian, Aleks " +#| "Degtyarev, Alex Blood, Alex C. Ion, Alex Ross Shaw, Alexander Bartl, " +#| "Alexander Brown, Alexander Brunner, Alexander Eliesen, Alexander Hawson, " +#| "Alexander Klar, Alexander Neumann, Alexander Plaum, Alexander Wendland, " +#| "Alexandre Rafalovitch, Alexey Volkow, Alexi Wheeler, Alexis Sevault, " +#| "Alfredo Louro, Ali Sternburg, Alicia Gibb & Lunchbox Electronics, " +#| "Alison Link, Alison Pentecost, Alistair Boettiger, Alistair Walder, Alix " +#| "Bernier, Allan Callaghan, Allen Riddell, Allison Breland Crotwell, " +#| "Allison Jane Smith, Álvaro Justen, Amanda Palmer, Amanda Wetherhold, Amit " +#| "Bagree, Amit Tikare, Amos Blanton, Amy Sept, Anatoly Volynets, Anders " +#| "Ericsson, Andi Popp, André Bose Do Amaral, Andre Dickson, André Koot, " +#| "André Ricardo, Andre van Rooyen, Andre Wallace, Andrea Bagnacani, Andrea " +#| "Pepe, Andrea Pigato, Andreas Jagelund, Andres Gomez Casanova, Andrew A. " +#| "Farke, Andrew Berhow, Andrew Hearse, Andrew Matangi, Andrew R McHugh, " +#| "Andrew Tam, Andrew Turvey, Andrew Walsh, Andrew Wilson, Andrey " +#| "Novoseltsev, Andy McGhee, Andy Reeve, Andy Woods, Angela Brett, Angeliki " +#| "Kapoglou, Angus Keenan, Anne-Marie Scott, Antero Garcia, Antoine Authier, " +#| "Antoine Michard, Anton Kurkin, Anton Porsche, Antònia Folguera, António " +#| "Ornelas, Antonis Triantafyllakis, aois21 publishing, April Johnson, Aria " +#| "F. Chernik, Ariane Allan, Ariel Katz, Arithmomaniac, Arnaud Tessier, " +#| "Arnim Sommer, Ashima Bawa, Ashley Elsdon, Athanassios Diacakis, Aurora " +#| "Thornton, Aurore Chavet Henry, Austin Hartzheim, Austin Tolentino, Avner " +#| "Shanan, Axel Pettersson, Axel Stieglbauer, Ay Okpokam, Barb Bartkowiak, " +#| "Barbara Lindsey, Barry Dayton, Bastian Hougaard, Ben Chad, Ben Doherty, " +#| "Ben Hansen, Ben Nuttall, Ben Rosenthal, Ben Sheridan, Benedikt Foit, " +#| "Benita Tsao, Benjamin Costantini, Benjamin Daemon, Benjamin Keele, " +#| "Benjamin Pflanz, Berglind Ósk Bergsdóttir, Bernardo Miguel Antunes, Bernd " +#| "Nurnberger, Bernhard Seefeld, Beth Gis, Beth Tillinghast, Bethanye " +#| "Blount, Bill Bonwitt, Bill Browne, Bill Keaggy, Bill Maiden, Bill " +#| "Rafferty, Bill Scanlon, Bill Shields, Bill Slankard, BJ Becker, Bjorn " +#| "Freeman-Benson, Bjørn Otto Wallevik, BK Bitner, Bo Ilsøe Hansen, Bo " +#| "Sprotte Kofod, Bob Doran, Bob Recny, Bob Stuart, Bonnie Chiu, Boris " +#| "Mindzak, Boriss Lariushin, Borjan Tchakaloff, Brad Kik, Braden Hassett, " +#| "Bradford Benn, Bradley Keyes, Bradley L’Herrou, Brady Forrest, Brandon " +#| "McGaha, Branka Tokic, Brant Anderson, Brenda Sullivan, Brendan O’Brien, " +#| "Brendan Schlagel, Brett Abbott, Brett Gaylor, Brian Dysart, Brian Lampl, " +#| "Brian Lipscomb, Brian S. Weis, Brian Schrader, Brian Walsh, Brian Walsh, " +#| "Brooke Dukes, Brooke Schreier Ganz, Bruce Lerner, Bruce Wilson, Bruno " +#| "Boutot, Bruno Girin, Bryan Mock, Bryant Durrell, Bryce Barbato, Buzz " +#| "Technology Limited, Byung-Geun Jeon, C. Glen Williams, C. L. Couch, Cable " +#| "Green, Callum Gare, Cameron Callahan, Cameron Colby Thomson, Cameron " +#| "Mulder, Camille Bissuel / Nylnook, Candace Robertson, Carl Morris, Carl " +#| "Perry, Carl Rigney, Carles Mateu, Carlos Correa Loyola, Carlos Solis, " +#| "Carmen Garcia Wiedenhoeft, Carol Long, Carol marquardsen, Caroline " +#| "Calomme, Caroline Mailloux, Carolyn Hinchliff, Carolyn Rude, Carrie " +#| "Cousins, Carrie Watkins, Casey Hunt, Casey Milford, Casey Powell " +#| "Shorthouse, Cat Cooper, Cecilie Maria, Cedric Howe, Cefn Hoile, " +#| "@ShrimpingIt, Celia Muller, Ces Keller, Chad Anderson, Charles Butler, " +#| "Charles Carstensen, Charles Chi Thoi Le, Charles Kobbe, Charles S. Tritt, " +#| "Charles Stanhope, Charlotte Ong-Wisener, Chealsye Bowley, Chelle " +#| "Destefano, Chenpang Chou, Cheryl Corte, Cheryl Todd, Chip Dickerson, Chip " +#| "McIntosh, Chris Bannister, Chris Betcher, Chris Coleman, Chris Conway, " +#| "Chris Foote (Spike), Chris Hurst, Chris Mitchell, Chris Muscat Azzopardi, " +#| "Chris Niewiarowski, Chris Opperwall, Chris Stieha, Chris Thorne, Chris " +#| "Weber, Chris Woolfrey, Chris Zabriskie, Christi Reid, Christian " +#| "Holzberger, Christian Schubert, Christian Sheehy, Christian Thibault, " +#| "Christian Villum, Christian Wachter, Christina Bennett, Christine Henry, " +#| "Christine Rico, Christopher Burrows, Christopher Chan, Christopher Clay, " +#| "Christopher Harris, Christopher Opiah, Christopher Swenson, Christos " +#| "Keramitsis, Chuck Roslof, Chutika Udomsinn, Claire Wardle, Clare Forrest, " +#| "Claudia Cristiani, Claudio Gallo, Claudio Ruiz, Clayton Dewey, Clement " +#| "Delort, Cliff Church, Clint Lalonde, Clint O’Connor, Cody Allard, Cody " +#| "Taylor, Colin Ayer, Colin Campbell, Colin Dean, Colin Mutchler, Colleen " +#| "Cressman, Comfy Nomad, Connie Roberts, Connor Bär, Connor Merkley, " +#| "Constantin Graf, Corbett Messa, Cory Chapman, Cosmic Wombat Games, Craig " +#| "Engler, Craig Heath, Craig Maloney, Craig Thomler, Creative Commons " +#| "Uruguay, Crina Kienle, Cristiano Gozzini, Curt McNamara, D C Petty, D. " +#| "Moonfire, D. Rohhyn, D. Schulz, Dacian Herbei, Dagmar M. Meyer, Dan " +#| "Mcalister, Dan Mohr, Dan Parson, Dana Freeman, Dana Ospina, Dani Leviss, " +#| "Daniel Bustamante, Daniel Demmel, Daniel Dominguez, Daniel Dultz, Daniel " +#| "Gallant, Daniel Kossmann, Daniel Kruse, Daniel Morado, Daniel Morgan, " +#| "Daniel Pimley, Daniel Sabo, Daniel Sobey, Daniel Stein, Daniel Wildt, " +#| "Daniele Prati, Danielle Moss, Danny Mendoza, Dario Taraborelli, Darius " +#| "Irvin, Darius Whelan, Darla Anderson, Dasha Brezinova, Dave Ainscough, " +#| "Dave Bull, Dave Crosby, Dave Eagle, Dave Moskovitz, Dave Neeteson, Dave " +#| "Taillefer, Dave Witzel, David Bailey, David Cheung, David Eriksson, David " +#| "Gallagher, David H. Bronke, David Hartley, David Hellam, David Hood, " +#| "David Hunter, David jlaietta, David Lewis, David Mason, David Mcconville, " +#| "David Mikula, David Nelson, David Orban, David Parry, David Spira, David " +#| "T. Kindler, David Varnes, David Wiley, David Wormley, Deborah Nas, Denis " +#| "Jean, dennis straub, Dennis Whittle, Denver Gingerich, Derek Slater, " +#| "Devon Cooke, Diana Pasek-Atkinson, Diane Johnston Graves, Diane K. " +#| "Kovacs, Diane Trout, Diderik van Wingerden, Diego Cuevas, Diego De La " +#| "Cruz, Dimitrie Grigorescu, Dina Marie Rodriguez, Dinah Fabela, Dirk Haun, " +#| "Dirk Kiefer, Dirk Loop, DJ Fusion - FuseBox Radio Broadcast, Dom " +#| "jurkewitz, Dom Lane, Domi Enders, Domingo Gallardo, Dominic de Haas, " +#| "Dominique Karadjian, Dongpo Deng, Donnovan Knight, Door de Flines, Doug " +#| "Fitzpatrick, Doug Hoover, Douglas Craver, Douglas Van Camp, Douglas Van " +#| "Houweling, Dr. Braddlee, Drew Spencer, Duncan Sample, Durand D’souza, " +#| "Dylan Field, E C Humphries, Eamon Caddigan, Earleen Smith, Eden Sarid, " +#| "Eden Spodek, Eduardo Belinchon, Eduardo Castro, Edwin Vandam, Einar " +#| "Joergensen, Ejnar Brendsdal, Elad Wieder, Elar Haljas, Elena Valhalla, " +#| "Eli Doran, Elias Bouchi, Elie Calhoun, Elizabeth Holloway, Ellen Buecher, " +#| "Ellen Kaye- Cheveldayoff, Elli Verhulst, Elroy Fernandes, Emery Hurst " +#| "Mikel, Emily Catedral, Enrique Mandujano R., Eric Astor, Eric Axelrod, " +#| "Eric Celeste, Eric Finkenbiner, Eric Hellman, Eric Steuer, Erica " +#| "Fletcher, Erik Hedman, Erik Lindholm Bundgaard, Erika Reid, Erin Hawley, " +#| "Erin McKean of Wordnik, Ernest Risner, Erwan Bousse, Erwin Bell, Ethan " +#| "Celery, Étienne Gilli, Eugeen Sablin, Evan Tangman, Evonne Okafor, Evtim " +#| "Papushev, Fabien Cambi, Fabio Natali, Fauxton Software, Felix Deierlein, " +#| "Felix Gebauer, Felix Maximiliano Obes, Felix Schmidt, Felix Zephyr Hsiao, " +#| "Ferdies Food Lab, Fernand Deschambault, Filipe Rodrigues, Filippo Toso, " +#| "Fiona MacAlister, fiona.mac.uk, Floor Scheffer, Florent Darrault, Florian " +#| "Hähnel, Florian Schneider, Floyd Wilde, Foxtrot Games, Francis Clarke, " +#| "Francisco Rivas-Portillo, Francois Dechery, Francois Grey, François Gros, " +#| "François Pelletier, Fred Benenson, Frédéric Abella, Frédéric Schütz, " +#| "Fredrik Ekelund, Fumi Yamazaki, Gabor Sooki-Toth, Gabriel Staples, " +#| "Gabriel Véjar Valenzuela, Gal Buki, Gareth Jordan, Garrett Heath, Gary " +#| "Anson, Gary Forster, Gatien de Broucker, Gaurav Kapil, Gauthier de " +#| "Valensart, Gavin Gray, Gavin Romig-Koch, Geoff Wood, Geoffrey Lehr, " +#| "George Baier IV, George De Bruin, George Lawie, George Strakhov, Gerard " +#| "Gorman, Geronimo de la Lama, Gianpaolo Rando, Gil Stendig, Gino Cingolani " +#| "Trucco, Giovanna Sala, Glen Moffat, Glenn D. Jones, Glenn Otis Brown, " +#| "Global Lives Project, Gorm Lai, Govindarajan Umakanthan, Graham Bird, " +#| "Graham Freeman, Graham Heath, Graham Jones, Graham Smith-Gordon, Graham " +#| "Vowles, Greg Brodsky, Greg Malone, Grégoire Detrez, Gregory Chevalley, " +#| "Gregory Flynn, Grit Matthias, Gui Louback, Guillaume Rischard, Gustavo " +#| "Vaz de Carvalho Gonçalves, Gustin Johnson, Gwen Franck, Gwilym Lucas, " +#| "Haggen So, Håkon T Sønderland, Hamid Larbi, Hamish MacEwan, Hannes Leo, " +#| "Hans Bickhofe, Hans de Raad, Hans Vd Horst, Harold van Ingen, Harold " +#| "Watson, Harry Chapman, Harry Kaczka, Harry Torque, Hayden Glass, Hayley " +#| "Rosenblum, Heather Leson, Helen Crisp, Helen Michaud, Helen Qubain, Helle " +#| "Rekdal Schønemann, Henrique Flach Latorre Moreno, Henry Finn, Henry " +#| "Kaiser, Henry Lahore, Henry Steingieser, Hermann Paar, Hillary Miller, " +#| "Hironori Kuriaki, Holly Dykes, Holly Lyne, Hubert Gertis, Hugh Geenen, " +#| "Humble Daisy, Hüppe Keith, Iain Davidson, Ian Capstick, Ian Johnson, Ian " +#| "Upton, Icaro Ferracini, Igor Lesko, Imran Haider, Inma de la Torre, Iris " +#| "Brest, Irwin Madriaga, Isaac Sandaljian, Isaiah Tanenbaum, Ivan F. " +#| "Villanueva B., J P Cleverdon, Jaakko Tammela Jr, Jacek Darken " +#| "Gołębiowski, Jack Hart, Jacky Hood, Jacob Dante Leffler, Jaime Perla, " +#| "Jaime Woo, Jake Campbell, Jake Loeterman, Jakes Rawlinson, James " +#| "Allenspach, James Chesky, James Cloos, James Docherty, James Ellars, " +#| "James K Wood, James Tyler, Jamie Finlay, Jamie Stevens, Jamil Khatib, Jan " +#| "E Ellison, Jan Gondol, Jan Sepp, Jan Zuppinger, Jane Finette, jane " +#| "Lofton, Jane Mason, Jane Park, Janos Kovacs, Jasmina Bricic, Jason " +#| "Blasso, Jason Chu, Jason Cole, Jason E. Barkeloo, Jason Hibbets, Jason " +#| "Owen, Jason Sigal, Jay M Williams, Jazzy Bear Brown, JC Lara, Jean-" +#| "Baptiste Carré, Jean-Philippe Dufraigne, Jean-Philippe Turcotte, Jean-" +#| "Yves Hemlin, Jeanette Frey, Jeff Atwood, Jeff De Cagna, Jeff Donoghue, " +#| "Jeff Edwards, Jeff Hilnbrand, Jeff Lowe, Jeff Rasalla, Jeff Ski Kinsey, " +#| "Jeff Smith, Jeffrey L Tucker, Jeffrey Meyer, Jen Garcia, Jens Erat, Jeppe " +#| "Bager Skjerning, Jeremy Dudet, Jeremy Russell, Jeremy Sabo, Jeremy " +#| "Zauder, Jerko Grubisic, Jerome Glacken, Jérôme Mizeret, Jessica Dickinson " +#| "Goodman, Jessica Litman, Jessica Mackay, Jessy Kate Schingler, Jesús " +#| "Longás Gamarra, Jesus Marin, Jim Matt, Jim Meloy, Jim O’Flaherty, Jim " +#| "Pellegrini, Jim Tittsler, Jimmy Alenius, Jiří Marek, Jo Allum, Joachim " +#| "Brandon LeBlanc, Joachim Pileborg, Joachim von Goetz, Joakim Bang Larsen, " +#| "Joan Rieu, Joanna Penn, João Almeida, Jochen Muetsch, Jodi Sandfort, Joe " +#| "Cardillo, Joe Carpita, Joe Moross, Joerg Fricke, Johan Adda, Johan " +#| "Meeusen, Johannes Förstner, Johannes Visintini, John Benfield, John " +#| "Bevan, John C Patterson, John Crumrine, John Dimatos, John Feyler, John " +#| "Huntsman, John Manoogian III, John Muller, John Ober, John Paul Blodgett, " +#| "John Pearce, John Shale, John Sharp, John Simpson, John Sumser, John " +#| "Weeks, John Wilbanks, John Worland, Johnny Mayall, Jollean Matsen, Jon " +#| "Alberdi, Jon Andersen, Jon Cohrs, Jon Gotlin, Jon Schull, Jon Selmer " +#| "Friborg, Jon Smith, Jonas Öberg, Jonas Weitzmann, Jonathan Campbell, " +#| "Jonathan Deamer, Jonathan Holst, Jonathan Lin, Jonathan Schmid, Jonathan " +#| "Yao, Jordon Kalilich, Jörg Schwarz, Jose Antonio Gallego Vázquez, Joseph " +#| "Mcarthur, Joseph Noll, Joseph Sullivan, Joseph Tucker, Josh Bernhard, " +#| "Josh Tong, Joshua Tobkin, JP Rangaswami, Juan Carlos Belair, Juan Irming, " +#| "Juan Pablo Carbajal, Juan Pablo Marin Diaz, Judith Newman, Judy Tuan, " +#| "Jukka Hellén, Julia Benson-Slaughter, Julia Devonshire, Julian Fietkau, " +#| "Julie Harboe, Julien Brossoit, Julien Leroy, Juliet Chen, Julio Terra, " +#| "Julius Mikkelä, Justin Christian, Justin Grimes, Justin Jones, Justin " +#| "Szlasa, Justin Walsh, JustinChung.com, K. J. Przybylski, Kaloyan Raev, " +#| "Kamil Śliwowski, Kaniska Padhi, Kara Malenfant, Kara Monroe, Karen Pe, " +#| "Karl Jahn, Karl Jonsson, Karl Nelson, Kasia Zygmuntowicz, Kat Lim, Kate " +#| "Chapman, Kate Stewart, Kathleen Beck, Kathleen Hanrahan, Kathryn " +#| "Abuzzahab, Kathryn Deiss, Kathryn Rose, Kathy Payne, Katie Lynn Daniels, " +#| "Katie Meek, Katie Teague, Katrina Hennessy, Katriona Main, Kavan Antani, " +#| "Keith Adams, Keith Berndtson, MD, Keith Luebke, Kellie Higginbottom, Ken " +#| "Friis Larsen, Ken Haase, Ken Torbeck, Kendel Ratley, Kendra Byrne, Kerry " +#| "Hicks, Kevin Brown, Kevin Coates, Kevin Flynn, Kevin Rumon, Kevin " +#| "Shannon, Kevin Taylor, Kevin Tostado, Kewhyun Kelly-Yuoh, Kiane l’Azin, " +#| "Kianosh Pourian, Kiran Kadekoppa, Kit Walsh, Klaus Mickus, Konrad " +#| "Rennert, Kris Kasianovitz, Kristian Lundquist, Kristin Buxton, Kristina " +#| "Popova, Kristofer Bratt, Kristoffer Steen, Kumar McMillan, Kurt " +#| "Whittemore, Kyle Pinches, Kyle Simpson, L Eaton, Lalo Martins, Lane " +#| "Rasberry, Larry Garfield, Larry Singer, Lars Josephsen, Lars Klaeboe, " +#| "Laura Anne Brown, Laura Billings, Laura Ferejohn, Lauren Pedersen, " +#| "Laurence Gonsalves, Laurent Muchacho, Laurie Racine, Laurie Reynolds, " +#| "Lawrence M. Schoen, Leandro Pangilinan, Leigh Verlandson, Lenka " +#| "Gondolova, Leonardo Bueno Postacchini, leonardo menegola, Lesley " +#| "Mitchell, Leslie Krumholz, Leticia Britos Cavagnaro, Levi Bostian, Leyla " +#| "Acaroglu, Liisa Ummelas, Lilly Kashmir Marques, Lior Mazliah, Lisa " +#| "Bjerke, Lisa Brewster, Lisa Canning, Lisa Cronin, Lisa Di Valentino, " +#| "Lisandro Gaertner, Livia Leskovec, Liynn Worldlaw, Liz Berg, Liz White, " +#| "Logan Cox, Loki Carbis, Lora Lynn, Lorna Prescott, Lou Yufan, Louie " +#| "Amphlett, Louis-David Benyayer, Louise Denman, Luca Corsato, Luca " +#| "Lesinigo, Luca Palli, Luca Pianigiani, Luca S.G. de Marinis, Lucas Lopez, " +#| "Lukas Mathis, Luke Chamberlin, Luke Chesser, Luke Woodbury, Lulu Tang, " +#| "Lydia Pintscher, M Alexander Jurkat, Maarten Sander, Macie J Klosowski, " +#| "Magnus Adamsson, Magnus Killingberg, Mahmoud Abu-Wardeh, Maik " +#| "Schmalstich, Maiken Håvarstein, Maira Sutton, Mairi Thomson, Mandy " +#| "Wultsch, Manickkavasakam Rajasekar, Marc Bogonovich, Marc Harpster, Marc " +#| "Martí, Marc Olivier Bastien, Marc Stober, Marc-André Martin, Marcel de " +#| "Leeuwe, Marcel Hill, Marcia Hofmann, Marcin Olender, Marco Massarotto, " +#| "Marco Montanari, Marco Morales, Marcos Medionegro, Marcus Bitzl, Marcus " +#| "Norrgren, Margaret Gary, Mari Moreshead, Maria Liberman, Marielle Hsu, " +#| "Marino Hernandez, Mario Lurig, Mario R. 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Lozeau, Patrick McCabe, Patrick " +#| "Nafarrete, Patrick Tanguay, Patrick von Hauff, Patrik Kernstock, Patti J " +#| "Ryan, Paul A Golder, Paul and Iris Brest, Paul Bailey, Paul Bryan, Paul " +#| "Bunkham, Paul Elosegui, Paul Hibbitts, Paul Jacobson, Paul Keller, Paul " +#| "Rowe, Paul Timpson, Paul Walker, Pavel Dostál, Peeter Sällström Randsalu, " +#| "Peggy Frith, Pen-Yuan Hsing, Penny Pearson, Per Åström, Perry Jetter, " +#| "Péter Fankhauser, Peter Hirtle, Peter Humphries, Peter Jenkins, Peter " +#| "Langmar, Peter le Roux, Peter Marinari, Peter Mengelers, Peter O’Brien, " +#| "Peter Pinch, Peter S. Crosby, Peter Wells, Petr Fristedt, Petr Viktorin, " +#| "Petronella Jeurissen, Phil Flickinger, Philip Chung, Philip Pangrac, " +#| "Philip R. 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Daniel Jr., Robert Ryan-Silva, Robert " +#| "Thompson, Robert Wagoner, Roberto Selvaggio, Robin DeRosa, Robin Rist " +#| "Kildal, Rodrigo Castilhos, Roger Bacon, Roger Saner, Roger So, Roger " +#| "Solé, Roger Tregear, Roland Tanglao, Rolf and Mari von Walthausen, Rolf " +#| "Egstad, Rolf Schaller, Ron Zuijlen, Ronald Bissell, Ronald van den Hoff, " +#| "Ronda Snow, Rory Landon Aronson, Ross Findlay, Ross Pruden, Ross " +#| "Williams, Rowan Skewes, Roy Ivy III, Ruben Flores, Rupert Hitzenberger, " +#| "Rusi Popov, Russ Antonucci, Russ Spollin, Russell Brand, Rute Correia, " +#| "Ruth Ann Carpenter, Ruth White, Ryan Mentock, Ryan Merkley, Ryan Price, " +#| "Ryan Sasaki, Ryan Singer, Ryan Voisin, Ryan Weir, S Searle, Salem Bin " +#| "Kenaid, Salomon Riedo, Sam Hokin, Sam Twidale, Samantha Levin, Samantha-" +#| "Jayne Chapman, Samarth Agarwal, Sami Al-AbdRabbuh, Samuel A. 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Ö. Arnesen, Stuart Drewer, Stuart Maxwell, Stuart Reich, Subhendu " +#| "Ghosh, Sujal Shah, Sune Bøegh, Susan Chun, Susan R Grossman, Suzie Wiley, " +#| "Sven Fielitz, Swan/Starts, Sylvain Carle, Sylvain Chery, Sylvia Green, " +#| "Sylvia van Bruggen, Szabolcs Berecz, T. L. Mason, Tanbir Baeg, Tanya " +#| "Hart, Tara Tiger Brown, Tara Westover, Tarmo Toikkanen, Tasha Turner " +#| "Lennhoff, Tathagat Varma, Ted Timmons, Tej Dhawan, Teresa Gonczy, Terry " +#| "Hook, Theis Madsen, Theo M. Scholl, Theresa Bernardo, Thibault Badenas, " +#| "Thomas Bacig, Thomas Boehnlein, Thomas Bøvith, Thomas Chang, Thomas " +#| "Hartman, Thomas Kent, Thomas Morgan, Thomas Philipp-Edmonds, Thomas " +#| "Thrush, Thomas Werkmeister, Tieg Zaharia, Tieu Thuy Nguyen, Tim Chambers, " +#| "Tim Cook, Tim Evers, Tim Nichols, Tim Stahmer, Timothée Planté, Timothy " +#| "Arfsten, Timothy Hinchliff, Timothy Vollmer, Tina Coffman, Tisza Gergő, " +#| "Tobias Schonwetter, Todd Brown, Todd Pousley, Todd Sattersten, Tom " +#| "Bamford, Tom Caswell, Tom Goren, Tom Kent, Tom MacWright, Tom Maillioux, " +#| "Tom Merkli, Tom Merritt, Tom Myers, Tom Olijhoek, Tom Rubin, Tommaso De " +#| "Benetti, Tommy Dahlen, Tony Ciak, Tony Nwachukwu, Torsten Skomp, Tracey " +#| "Depellegrin, Tracey Henton, Tracey James, Traci Long DeForge, Trent " +#| "Yarwood, Trevor Hogue, Trey Blalock, Trey Hunner, Tryggvi Björgvinsson, " +#| "Tumuult, Tushar Roy, Tyler Occhiogrosso, Udo Blenkhorn, Uri Sivan, Vanja " +#| "Bobas, Vantharith Oum, Vaughan jenkins, Veethika Mishra, Vic King, Vickie " +#| "Goode, Victor DePina, Victor Grigas, Victoria Klassen, Victorien " +#| "Elvinger, VIGA Manufacture, Vikas Shah, Vinayak S.Kaujalgi, Vincent " +#| "O’Leary, Violette Paquet, Virginia Gentilini, Virginia Kopelman, Vitor " +#| "Menezes, Vivian Marthell, Wayne Mackintosh, Wendy Keenan, Werner " +#| "Wiethege, Wesley Derbyshire, Widar Hellwig, Willa Köerner, William " +#| "Bettridge-Radford, William Jefferson, William Marshall, William Peter " +#| "Nash, William Ray, William Robins, Willow Rosenberg, Winie Evers, " +#| "Wolfgang Renninger, Xavier Antoviaque, Xavier Hugonet, Xavier Moisant, " +#| "Xueqi Li, Yancey Strickler, Yann Heurtaux, Yasmine Hajjar, Yu-Hsian Sun, " +#| "Yves Deruisseau, Zach Chandler, Zak Zebrowski, Zane Amiralis and Joshua " +#| "de Haan, ZeMarmot Open Movie" msgid "" "All other Kickstarter backers (alphabetically by first name): A. Lee, Aaron " "C. Rathbun, Aaron Stubbs, Aaron Suggs, Abdul Razak Manaf, Abraham " @@ -18834,7 +21598,7 @@ msgid "" "Kiefer, Dirk Loop, DJ Fusion - FuseBox Radio Broadcast, Dom jurkewitz, Dom " "Lane, Domi Enders, Domingo Gallardo, Dominic de Haas, Dominique Karadjian, " "Dongpo Deng, Donnovan Knight, Door de Flines, Doug Fitzpatrick, Doug Hoover, " -"Douglas Craver, Douglas Van Camp, Douglas Van Houweling, Dr. Braddlee, Drew " +"Douglas Craver, Douglas Van Camp, Douglas Van Houweling, Dr. Braddlee, Drew " "Spencer, Duncan Sample, Durand D’souza, Dylan Field, E C Humphries, Eamon " "Caddigan, Earleen Smith, Eden Sarid, Eden Spodek, Eduardo Belinchon, Eduardo " "Castro, Edwin Vandam, Einar Joergensen, Ejnar Brendsdal, Elad Wieder, Elar " @@ -18970,35 +21734,35 @@ msgid "" "Chelen, Mike Habicher, Mike Maloney, Mike Masnick, Mike McDaniel, Mike " "Pouraryan, Mike Sheldon, Mike Stop Continues, Mike Stringer, Mike " "Wittenstein, Mikkel Ovesen, Mikołaj Podlaszewski, Millie Gonzalez, Mindi " -"Lovell, Mindy Lin, Mirko “Macro” Fichtner, Mitch Featherston, Mitchell " -"Adams, Molika Oum, Molly Shaffer Van Houweling, Monica Mora, Morgan Loomis, " -"Moritz Schubert, Mrs. Paganini, Mushin Schilling, Mustafa K Calik, MD, Myk " -"Pilgrim, Myra Harmer, Nadine Forget-Dubois, Nagle Industries, LLC, Nah Wee " -"Yang, Natalie Brown, Natalie Freed, Nathan D Howell, Nathan Massey, Nathan " -"Miller, Neal Gorenflo, Neal McBurnett, Neal Stimler, Neil Wilson, Nele " -"Wollert, Neuchee Chang, Niall McDonagh, Niall Twohig, Nic McPhee, Nicholas " -"Bentley, Nicholas Koran, Nicholas Norfolk, Nicholas Potter, Nick Bell, Nick " -"Coghlan, Nick Isaacs, Nick M. Daly, Nick Vance, Nickolay Vedernikov, Nicky " -"Weaver-Weinberg, Nico Prin, Nicolas Weidinger, Nicole Hickman, Niek " -"Theunissen, Nigel Robertson, Nikki Thompson, Nikko Marie, Nikola Chernev, " -"Nils Lavesson, Noah Blumenson-Cook, Noah Fang, Noah Kardos-Fein, Noah " -"Meyerhans, Noel Hanigan, Noel Hart, Norrie Mailer, O.P. Gobée, Ohad Mayblum, " -"Olivia Wilson, Olivier De Doncker, Olivier Schulbaum, Olle Ahnve, Omar " -"Kaminski, Omar Willey, OpenBuilds, Ove Ødegård, Øystein Kjærnet, Pablo López " -"Soriano, Pablo Vasquez, Pacific Design, Paige Mackay, Papp István Péter, " -"Paris Marx, Parker Higgins, Pasquale Borriello, Pat Allan, Pat Hawks, Pat " -"Ludwig, Pat Sticks, Patricia Brennan, Patricia Rosnel, Patricia Wolf, " -"Patrick Berry, Patrick Beseda, Patrick Hurley, Patrick M. Lozeau, Patrick " -"McCabe, Patrick Nafarrete, Patrick Tanguay, Patrick von Hauff, Patrik " -"Kernstock, Patti J Ryan, Paul A Golder, Paul and Iris Brest, Paul Bailey, " -"Paul Bryan, Paul Bunkham, Paul Elosegui, Paul Hibbitts, Paul Jacobson, Paul " -"Keller, Paul Rowe, Paul Timpson, Paul Walker, Pavel Dostál, Peeter Sällström " -"Randsalu, Peggy Frith, Pen-Yuan Hsing, Penny Pearson, Per Åström, Perry " -"Jetter, Péter Fankhauser, Peter Hirtle, Peter Humphries, Peter Jenkins, " -"Peter Langmar, Peter le Roux, Peter Marinari, Peter Mengelers, Peter " -"O’Brien, Peter Pinch, Peter S. Crosby, Peter Wells, Petr Fristedt, Petr " -"Viktorin, Petronella Jeurissen, Phil Flickinger, Philip Chung, Philip " -"Pangrac, Philip R. Skaggs Jr., Philip Young, Philippa Lorne Channer, " +"Lovell, Mindy Lin, Mirko <quote>Macro</quote> Fichtner, Mitch Featherston, " +"Mitchell Adams, Molika Oum, Molly Shaffer Van Houweling, Monica Mora, Morgan " +"Loomis, Moritz Schubert, Mrs. Paganini, Mushin Schilling, Mustafa K Calik, " +"MD, Myk Pilgrim, Myra Harmer, Nadine Forget-Dubois, Nagle Industries, LLC, " +"Nah Wee Yang, Natalie Brown, Natalie Freed, Nathan D Howell, Nathan Massey, " +"Nathan Miller, Neal Gorenflo, Neal McBurnett, Neal Stimler, Neil Wilson, " +"Nele Wollert, Neuchee Chang, Niall McDonagh, Niall Twohig, Nic McPhee, " +"Nicholas Bentley, Nicholas Koran, Nicholas Norfolk, Nicholas Potter, Nick " +"Bell, Nick Coghlan, Nick Isaacs, Nick M. Daly, Nick Vance, Nickolay " +"Vedernikov, Nicky Weaver-Weinberg, Nico Prin, Nicolas Weidinger, Nicole " +"Hickman, Niek Theunissen, Nigel Robertson, Nikki Thompson, Nikko Marie, " +"Nikola Chernev, Nils Lavesson, Noah Blumenson-Cook, Noah Fang, Noah Kardos-" +"Fein, Noah Meyerhans, Noel Hanigan, Noel Hart, Norrie Mailer, O.P. Gobée, " +"Ohad Mayblum, Olivia Wilson, Olivier De Doncker, Olivier Schulbaum, Olle " +"Ahnve, Omar Kaminski, Omar Willey, OpenBuilds, Ove Ødegård, Øystein Kjærnet, " +"Pablo López Soriano, Pablo Vasquez, Pacific Design, Paige Mackay, Papp " +"István Péter, Paris Marx, Parker Higgins, Pasquale Borriello, Pat Allan, Pat " +"Hawks, Pat Ludwig, Pat Sticks, Patricia Brennan, Patricia Rosnel, Patricia " +"Wolf, Patrick Berry, Patrick Beseda, Patrick Hurley, Patrick M. Lozeau, " +"Patrick McCabe, Patrick Nafarrete, Patrick Tanguay, Patrick von Hauff, " +"Patrik Kernstock, Patti J Ryan, Paul A Golder, Paul and Iris Brest, Paul " +"Bailey, Paul Bryan, Paul Bunkham, Paul Elosegui, Paul Hibbitts, Paul " +"Jacobson, Paul Keller, Paul Rowe, Paul Timpson, Paul Walker, Pavel Dostál, " +"Peeter Sällström Randsalu, Peggy Frith, Pen-Yuan Hsing, Penny Pearson, Per " +"Åström, Perry Jetter, Péter Fankhauser, Peter Hirtle, Peter Humphries, Peter " +"Jenkins, Peter Langmar, Peter le Roux, Peter Marinari, Peter Mengelers, " +"Peter O’Brien, Peter Pinch, Peter S. Crosby, Peter Wells, Petr Fristedt, " +"Petr Viktorin, Petronella Jeurissen, Phil Flickinger, Philip Chung, Philip " +"Pangrac, Philip R. Skaggs Jr., Philip Young, Philippa Lorne Channer, " "Philippe Vandenbroeck, Pierluigi Luisi, Pierre Suter, Pieter-Jan Pauwels, " "Playground Inc., Pomax, Popenoe, Pouhiou Noenaute, Prilutskiy Kirill, " "Print3Dreams Ltd., Quentin Coispeau, R. Smith, Race DiLoreto, Rachel Mercer, " @@ -19006,36 +21770,36 @@ msgid "" "Ralph Chapoteau, Randall Kirby, Randy Brians, Raphaël Alexandre, Raphaël " "Schröder, Rasmus Jensen, Rayn Drahps, Rayna Stamboliyska, Rebecca Godar, " "Rebecca Lendl, Rebecca Weir, Regina Tschud, Remi Dino, Ric Herrero, Rich " -"McCue, Richard “TalkToMeGuy” Olson, Richard Best, Richard Blumberg, Richard " -"Fannon, Richard Heying, Richard Karnesky, Richard Kelly, Richard Littauer, " -"Richard Sobey, Richard White, Richard Winchell, Rik ToeWater, Rita Lewis, " -"Rita Wood, Riyadh Al Balushi, Rob Balder, Rob Berkley, Rob Bertholf, Rob " -"Emanuele, Rob McAuliffe, Rob McKaughan, Rob Tillie, Rob Utter, Rob Vincent, " -"Robert Gaffney, Robert Jones, Robert Kelly, Robert Lawlis, Robert McDonald, " -"Robert Orzanna, Robert Paterson Hunter, Robert R. Daniel Jr., Robert Ryan-" -"Silva, Robert Thompson, Robert Wagoner, Roberto Selvaggio, Robin DeRosa, " -"Robin Rist Kildal, Rodrigo Castilhos, Roger Bacon, Roger Saner, Roger So, " -"Roger Solé, Roger Tregear, Roland Tanglao, Rolf and Mari von Walthausen, " -"Rolf Egstad, Rolf Schaller, Ron Zuijlen, Ronald Bissell, Ronald van den " -"Hoff, Ronda Snow, Rory Landon Aronson, Ross Findlay, Ross Pruden, Ross " -"Williams, Rowan Skewes, Roy Ivy III, Ruben Flores, Rupert Hitzenberger, Rusi " -"Popov, Russ Antonucci, Russ Spollin, Russell Brand, Rute Correia, Ruth Ann " -"Carpenter, Ruth White, Ryan Mentock, Ryan Merkley, Ryan Price, Ryan Sasaki, " -"Ryan Singer, Ryan Voisin, Ryan Weir, S Searle, Salem Bin Kenaid, Salomon " -"Riedo, Sam Hokin, Sam Twidale, Samantha Levin, Samantha-Jayne Chapman, " -"Samarth Agarwal, Sami Al-AbdRabbuh, Samuel A. Rebelsky, Samuel Goëta, Samuel " -"Hauser, Samuel Landete, Samuel Oliveira Cersosimo, Samuel Tait, Sandra " -"Fauconnier, Sandra Markus, Sandy Bjar, Sandy ONeil, Sang-Phil Ju, Sanjay " -"Basu, Santiago Garcia, Sara Armstrong, Sara Lucca, Sara Rodriguez Marin, " -"Sarah Brand, Sarah Cove, Sarah Curran, Sarah Gold, Sarah McGovern, Sarah " -"Smith, Sarinee Achavanuntakul, Sasha Moss, Sasha VanHoven, Saul Gasca, Scott " -"Abbott, Scott Akerman, Scott Beattie, Scott Bruinooge, Scott Conroy, Scott " -"Gillespie, Scott Williams, Sean Anderson, Sean Johnson, Sean Lim, Sean " -"Wickett, Seb Schmoller, Sebastiaan Bekker, Sebastiaan ter Burg, Sebastian " -"Makowiecki, Sebastian Meyer, Sebastian Schweizer, Sebastian Sigloch, " -"Sebastien Huchet, Seokwon Yang, Sergey Chernyshev, Sergey Storchay, Sergio " -"Cardoso, Seth Drebitko, Seth Gover, Seth Lepore, Shannon Turner, Sharon " -"Clapp, Shauna Redmond, Shawn Gaston, Shawn Martin, Shay Knohl, Shelby " +"McCue, Richard <quote>TalkToMeGuy</quote> Olson, Richard Best, Richard " +"Blumberg, Richard Fannon, Richard Heying, Richard Karnesky, Richard Kelly, " +"Richard Littauer, Richard Sobey, Richard White, Richard Winchell, Rik " +"ToeWater, Rita Lewis, Rita Wood, Riyadh Al Balushi, Rob Balder, Rob Berkley, " +"Rob Bertholf, Rob Emanuele, Rob McAuliffe, Rob McKaughan, Rob Tillie, Rob " +"Utter, Rob Vincent, Robert Gaffney, Robert Jones, Robert Kelly, Robert " +"Lawlis, Robert McDonald, Robert Orzanna, Robert Paterson Hunter, Robert R. " +"Daniel Jr., Robert Ryan-Silva, Robert Thompson, Robert Wagoner, Roberto " +"Selvaggio, Robin DeRosa, Robin Rist Kildal, Rodrigo Castilhos, Roger Bacon, " +"Roger Saner, Roger So, Roger Solé, Roger Tregear, Roland Tanglao, Rolf and " +"Mari von Walthausen, Rolf Egstad, Rolf Schaller, Ron Zuijlen, Ronald " +"Bissell, Ronald van den Hoff, Ronda Snow, Rory Landon Aronson, Ross Findlay, " +"Ross Pruden, Ross Williams, Rowan Skewes, Roy Ivy III, Ruben Flores, Rupert " +"Hitzenberger, Rusi Popov, Russ Antonucci, Russ Spollin, Russell Brand, Rute " +"Correia, Ruth Ann Carpenter, Ruth White, Ryan Mentock, Ryan Merkley, Ryan " +"Price, Ryan Sasaki, Ryan Singer, Ryan Voisin, Ryan Weir, S Searle, Salem Bin " +"Kenaid, Salomon Riedo, Sam Hokin, Sam Twidale, Samantha Levin, Samantha-" +"Jayne Chapman, Samarth Agarwal, Sami Al-AbdRabbuh, Samuel A. Rebelsky, " +"Samuel Goëta, Samuel Hauser, Samuel Landete, Samuel Oliveira Cersosimo, " +"Samuel Tait, Sandra Fauconnier, Sandra Markus, Sandy Bjar, Sandy ONeil, Sang-" +"Phil Ju, Sanjay Basu, Santiago Garcia, Sara Armstrong, Sara Lucca, Sara " +"Rodriguez Marin, Sarah Brand, Sarah Cove, Sarah Curran, Sarah Gold, Sarah " +"McGovern, Sarah Smith, Sarinee Achavanuntakul, Sasha Moss, Sasha VanHoven, " +"Saul Gasca, Scott Abbott, Scott Akerman, Scott Beattie, Scott Bruinooge, " +"Scott Conroy, Scott Gillespie, Scott Williams, Sean Anderson, Sean Johnson, " +"Sean Lim, Sean Wickett, Seb Schmoller, Sebastiaan Bekker, Sebastiaan ter " +"Burg, Sebastian Makowiecki, Sebastian Meyer, Sebastian Schweizer, Sebastian " +"Sigloch, Sebastien Huchet, Seokwon Yang, Sergey Chernyshev, Sergey Storchay, " +"Sergio Cardoso, Seth Drebitko, Seth Gover, Seth Lepore, Shannon Turner, " +"Sharon Clapp, Shauna Redmond, Shawn Gaston, Shawn Martin, Shay Knohl, Shelby " "Hatfield, Sheldon (Vila) Widuch, Sheona Thomson, Si Jie, Sicco van Sas, " "Siena Oristaglio, Simon Glover, Simon John King, Simon Klose, Simon Law, " "Simon Linder, Simon Moffitt, Solomon Kahn, Solomon Simon, Soujanna Sarkar, " @@ -19045,7 +21809,7 @@ msgid "" "Stephen Rose, Stephen Suen, Stephen Walli, Stevan Matheson, Steve Battle, " "Steve Fisches, Steve Fitzhugh, Steve Guen-gerich, Steve Ingram, Steve Kroy, " "Steve Midgley, Steve Rhine, Steven Kasprzyk, Steven Knudsen, Steven Melvin, " -"Stig-Jørund B. Ö. Arnesen, Stuart Drewer, Stuart Maxwell, Stuart Reich, " +"Stig-Jørund B. Ö. Arnesen, Stuart Drewer, Stuart Maxwell, Stuart Reich, " "Subhendu Ghosh, Sujal Shah, Sune Bøegh, Susan Chun, Susan R Grossman, Suzie " "Wiley, Sven Fielitz, Swan/Starts, Sylvain Carle, Sylvain Chery, Sylvia " "Green, Sylvia van Bruggen, Szabolcs Berecz, T. L. Mason, Tanbir Baeg, Tanya " diff --git a/po/nl/mwcc.po b/po/nl/mwcc.po index 2924066..cd3ed1a 100644 --- a/po/nl/mwcc.po +++ b/po/nl/mwcc.po @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: Made with Creative Commons\n" -"POT-Creation-Date: 2018-03-12 07:43+0000\n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2018-09-07 06:21+0000\n" "PO-Revision-Date: 2018-02-04 21:35+0000\n" "Last-Translator: Nathan Follens <nathan@email.is>\n" "Language-Team: Dutch <https://hosted.weblate.org/projects/madewithcc/" @@ -205,12 +205,12 @@ msgstr "" #: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:94 #, fuzzy msgid "" -"“I don’t know a whole lot about nonfiction journalism. . . The way that I " -"think about these things, and in terms of what I can do is. . . essays like " -"this are occasions to watch somebody reasonably bright but also reasonably " -"average pay far closer attention and think at far more length about all " -"sorts of different stuff than most of us have a chance to in our daily " -"lives.”" +"<quote>I don’t know a whole lot about nonfiction journalism. . . The way " +"that I think about these things, and in terms of what I can do is. . . " +"essays like this are occasions to watch somebody reasonably bright but also " +"reasonably average pay far closer attention and think at far more length " +"about all sorts of different stuff than most of us have a chance to in our " +"daily lives.</quote>" msgstr "" "<span id=\"anchor-4\"></span>\"Ik weet niet veel van niet-fictieve " "journalistiek. . . De manier waarop ik aan dit soort dingen denk en wat ik " @@ -219,28 +219,38 @@ msgstr "" "over allerlei soorten dingen dan de meesten van ons in ons dagelijks leven.\"" #. type: Content of: <book><dedication><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:102 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:103 #, fuzzy #| msgid "- David Foster Wallace" msgid "— <emphasis>David Foster Wallace</emphasis>" msgstr "- David Foster Wallace" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:107 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:108 #, fuzzy #| msgid "## Foreword" msgid "Foreword" msgstr "## Voorwoord" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:109 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:110 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Three years ago, just after I was hired as CEO of Creative Commons, I met " +#| "with Cory Doctorow in the hotel bar of Toronto’s Gladstone Hotel. As one " +#| "of CC’s most well-known proponents—one who has also had a successful " +#| "career as a writer who shares his work using CC—I told him I thought CC " +#| "had a role in defining and advancing open business models. He kindly " +#| "disagreed, and called the pursuit of viable business models through CC “a " +#| "red herring.”" msgid "" "Three years ago, just after I was hired as CEO of Creative Commons, I met " "with Cory Doctorow in the hotel bar of Toronto’s Gladstone Hotel. As one of " "CC’s most well-known proponents—one who has also had a successful career as " "a writer who shares his work using CC—I told him I thought CC had a role in " "defining and advancing open business models. He kindly disagreed, and called " -"the pursuit of viable business models through CC “a red herring.”" +"the pursuit of viable business models through CC <quote>a red herring.</" +"quote>" msgstr "" "Drie jaar geleden, vlak nadat ik was aangenomen als CEO van Creative " "Commons, ontmoette ik Cory Doctorow aan de hotelbar van Toronto's Gladstone " @@ -251,13 +261,20 @@ msgstr "" "zakelijke werkwijzen d.m.v. CC \"een rode haring.\"" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:118 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:119 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "He was, in a way, completely correct—those who make things with Creative " +#| "Commons have ulterior motives, as Paul Stacey explains in this book: " +#| "“Regardless of legal status, they all have a social mission. Their " +#| "primary reason for being is to make the world a better place, not to " +#| "profit. Money is a means to a social end, not the end itself.”" msgid "" "He was, in a way, completely correct—those who make things with Creative " "Commons have ulterior motives, as Paul Stacey explains in this book: " -"“Regardless of legal status, they all have a social mission. Their primary " -"reason for being is to make the world a better place, not to profit. Money " -"is a means to a social end, not the end itself.”" +"<quote>Regardless of legal status, they all have a social mission. Their " +"primary reason for being is to make the world a better place, not to profit. " +"Money is a means to a social end, not the end itself.</quote>" msgstr "" "In een bepaald opzicht had hij het bij het juiste eind. Zij die dingen maken " "met Creative Commons hebben bijbedoelingen, zoals Paul Stacey ook uitlegt in " @@ -267,13 +284,20 @@ msgstr "" "einde zelf.\"" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:126 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:127 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "In the case study about Cory Doctorow, Sarah Hinchliff Pearson cites " +#| "Cory’s words from his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: “Entering " +#| "the arts because you want to get rich is like buying lottery tickets " +#| "because you want to get rich. It might work, but it almost certainly " +#| "won’t. Though, of course, someone always wins the lottery.”" msgid "" "In the case study about Cory Doctorow, Sarah Hinchliff Pearson cites Cory’s " -"words from his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: “Entering the arts " -"because you want to get rich is like buying lottery tickets because you want " -"to get rich. It might work, but it almost certainly won’t. Though, of " -"course, someone always wins the lottery.”" +"words from his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: <quote>Entering the " +"arts because you want to get rich is like buying lottery tickets because you " +"want to get rich. It might work, but it almost certainly won’t. Though, of " +"course, someone always wins the lottery.</quote>" msgstr "" "In de gevallenanalyse over Cory Doctorow, citeert Sarah Hinchliff Cory's " "woorden uit zijn boek Information Doesn't Want to Be Free: \"Het betreden " @@ -282,7 +306,7 @@ msgstr "" "hoogstwaarschijnlijk niet. Ook al wilt iemand altijd de loterij.\"" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:134 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:135 #, fuzzy #| msgid "" #| "Today, copyright is like a lottery ticket—everyone has one, and almost " @@ -307,16 +331,17 @@ msgstr "" "vruchten oogsten van het volgen van hun passies." #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:143 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:144 msgid "" "So it’s not about the money. Also: it is. Finding the means to continue to " "create and share often requires some amount of income. Max Temkin of Cards " -"Against Humanity says it best in their case study: “We don’t make jokes and " -"games to make money—we make money so we can make more jokes and games.”" +"Against Humanity says it best in their case study: <quote>We don’t make " +"jokes and games to make money—we make money so we can make more jokes and " +"games.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:150 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:151 msgid "" "Creative Commons’ focus is on building a vibrant, usable commons, powered by " "collaboration and gratitude. Enabling communities of collaboration is at the " @@ -327,7 +352,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:159 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:160 msgid "" "Paul dreams of a future where new models of creativity and innovation " "overpower the inequality and scarcity that today define the worst parts of " @@ -339,7 +364,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:168 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:169 msgid "" "Sarah is the best kind of lawyer—a true advocate who believes in the good of " "people, and the power of collective acts to change the world. Over the past " @@ -352,7 +377,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:180 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:181 msgid "" "As coauthors, Paul and Sarah complement each other perfectly. They " "researched, analyzed, argued, and worked as a team, sometimes together and " @@ -365,7 +390,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:191 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:192 msgid "" "From the beginning, CC wanted to develop this project with the principles " "and values of open collaboration. The book was funded, developed, " @@ -375,7 +400,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:199 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:200 msgid "" "For 31 days in August of 2015, Sarah took point to organize and execute a " "Kickstarter campaign to generate the core funding for the book. The " @@ -386,7 +411,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:208 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:209 msgid "" "Paul and Sarah worked openly throughout the project, publishing the plans, " "drafts, case studies, and analysis, early and often, and they engaged " @@ -398,7 +423,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:218 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:219 msgid "" "Those who work and share in the commons are not typical creators. They are " "part of something greater than themselves, and what they offer us all is a " @@ -406,7 +431,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:224 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:225 msgid "" "Jonathan Mann, who is profiled in this book, writes a song a day. When I " "reached out to ask him to write a song for our Kickstarter (and to offer " @@ -417,23 +442,23 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:233 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:234 msgid "" -"Sarah writes, “Endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons thrive when " -"community is built around what they do. This may mean a community " +"Sarah writes, <quote>Endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons thrive " +"when community is built around what they do. This may mean a community " "collaborating together to create something new, or it may simply be a " "collection of like-minded people who get to know each other and rally around " "common interests or beliefs. To a certain extent, simply being Made with " "Creative Commons automatically brings with it some element of community, by " "helping connect you to like-minded others who recognize and are drawn to the " -"values symbolized by using CC.” Amanda Palmer, the other musician profiled " -"in the book, would surely add this from her case study: “There is no more " -"satisfying end goal than having someone tell you that what you do is " -"genuinely of value to them.”" +"values symbolized by using CC.</quote> Amanda Palmer, the other musician " +"profiled in the book, would surely add this from her case study: " +"<quote>There is no more satisfying end goal than having someone tell you " +"that what you do is genuinely of value to them.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:247 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:248 msgid "" "This is not a typical business book. For those looking for a recipe or a " "roadmap, you might be disappointed. But for those looking to pursue a social " @@ -445,60 +470,60 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:257 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:258 msgid "" -"In a 1996 Stanford Law Review article “The Zones of Cyberspace”, CC founder " -"Lawrence Lessig wrote, “Cyberspace is a place. People live there. They " -"experience all the sorts of things that they experience in real space, " -"there. For some, they experience more. They experience this not as isolated " -"individuals, playing some high tech computer game; they experience it in " -"groups, in communities, among strangers, among people they come to know, and " -"sometimes like.”" +"In a 1996 Stanford Law Review article <quote>The Zones of Cyberspace</" +"quote>, CC founder Lawrence Lessig wrote, <quote>Cyberspace is a place. " +"People live there. They experience all the sorts of things that they " +"experience in real space, there. For some, they experience more. They " +"experience this not as isolated individuals, playing some high tech computer " +"game; they experience it in groups, in communities, among strangers, among " +"people they come to know, and sometimes like.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:266 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:268 msgid "" "I’m incredibly proud that Creative Commons is able to publish this book for " "the many communities that we have come to know and like. I’m grateful to " "Paul and Sarah for their creativity and insights, and to the global " "communities that have helped us bring it to you. As CC board member " -"Johnathan Nightingale often says, “It’s all made of people.”" +"Johnathan Nightingale often says, <quote>It’s all made of people.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:274 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:276 msgid "That’s the true value of things that are Made with Creative Commons." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:277 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:279 msgid "<emphasis>Ryan Merkley</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:280 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:282 #, fuzzy #| msgid "*CEO, Creative Commons*\n" msgid "<emphasis>CEO, Creative Commons</emphasis>" msgstr "*CEO, Creative Commons*\n" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:284 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:286 #, fuzzy #| msgid "## Introduction" msgid "Introduction" msgstr "## Inleiding" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:286 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:288 msgid "" "This book shows the world how sharing can be good for business—but with a " "twist." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:290 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:292 msgid "" "We began the project intending to explore how creators, organizations, and " "businesses make money to sustain what they do when they share their work " @@ -506,13 +531,13 @@ msgid "" "business models that use Creative Commons but instead gather fresh ideas and " "dynamic examples that spark new, innovative models and help others follow " "suit by building on what already works. At the onset, we framed our " -"investigation in familiar business terms. We created a blank “open business " -"model canvas,” an interactive online tool that would help people design and " -"analyze their business model." +"investigation in familiar business terms. We created a blank <quote>open " +"business model canvas,</quote> an interactive online tool that would help " +"people design and analyze their business model." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:302 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:304 msgid "" "Through the generous funding of Kickstarter backers, we set about this " "project first by identifying and selecting a diverse group of creators, " @@ -522,14 +547,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:310 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:312 msgid "" "But as we did our research, something interesting happened. Our initial way " "of framing the work did not match the stories we were hearing." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:315 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:317 msgid "" "Those we interviewed were not typical businesses selling to consumers and " "seeking to maximize profits and the bottom line. Instead, they were sharing " @@ -539,17 +564,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:323 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:325 msgid "" "They often didn’t like hearing what they do described as an open business " "model. Their endeavor was something more than that. Something different. " "Something that generates not just economic value but social and cultural " "value. Something that involves human connection. Being Made with Creative " -"Commons is not “business as usual.”" +"Commons is not <quote>business as usual.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:331 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:333 msgid "" "We had to rethink the way we conceived of this project. And it didn’t happen " "overnight. From the fall of 2015 through 2016, we documented our thoughts in " @@ -560,7 +585,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:340 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:342 msgid "" "Throughout the process, the two of us have often had very different ways of " "understanding and describing what we were learning. Learning from each other " @@ -572,14 +597,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:350 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:352 msgid "" "While we recommend that you read the book from start to finish, each section " "reads more or less independently. The book is structured into two main parts." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:355 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:357 msgid "" "Part one, the overview, begins with a big-picture framework written by Paul. " "He provides some historical context for the digital commons, describing the " @@ -590,7 +615,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:363 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:365 msgid "" "The overview continues with Sarah’s chapter, as she considers what it means " "to be successfully Made with Creative Commons. While making money is one " @@ -602,7 +627,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:373 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:375 msgid "" "And to end part one, we have a short section that explains the different " "Creative Commons licenses. We talk about the misconception that the more " @@ -611,7 +636,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:380 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:382 msgid "" "Part two of the book is made up of the twenty-four stories of the creators, " "businesses, and organizations we interviewed. While both of us participated " @@ -619,7 +644,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:386 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:388 msgid "" "Of course, we are pleased to make the book available using a Creative " "Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license. Please copy, distribute, translate, " @@ -627,7 +652,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:391 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:393 msgid "" "Writing this book has transformed and inspired us. The way we now look at " "and think about what it means to be Made with Creative Commons has " @@ -637,45 +662,45 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:398 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:400 msgid "<emphasis>Paul and Sarah </emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:402 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:404 msgid "The Big Picture" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:404 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:406 msgid "The New World of Digital Commons" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:406 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:408 msgid "Paul Stacey" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:416 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:418 msgid "" "Jonathan Rowe, Our Common Wealth (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013), 14." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:409 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:411 msgid "" -"Jonathan Rowe eloquently describes the commons as “the air and oceans, the " -"web of species, wilderness and flowing water—all are parts of the commons. " -"So are language and knowledge, sidewalks and public squares, the stories of " -"childhood and the processes of democracy. Some parts of the commons are " -"gifts of nature, others the product of human endeavor. Some are new, such as " -"the Internet; others are as ancient as soil and calligraphy.”<placeholder " -"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"Jonathan Rowe eloquently describes the commons as <quote>the air and oceans, " +"the web of species, wilderness and flowing water—all are parts of the " +"commons. So are language and knowledge, sidewalks and public squares, the " +"stories of childhood and the processes of democracy. Some parts of the " +"commons are gifts of nature, others the product of human endeavor. Some are " +"new, such as the Internet; others are as ancient as soil and calligraphy.</" +"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:421 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:423 msgid "" "In Made with Creative Commons, we focus on our current era of digital " "commons, a commons of human-produced works. This commons cuts across a broad " @@ -688,19 +713,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:436 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:438 msgid "" "David Bollier, Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of " "the Commons (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014), 176." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:444 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:446 msgid "Ibid., 15." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:432 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:434 msgid "" "The commons is not just about shared resources, however. It’s also about the " "social practices and values that manage them. A resource is a noun, but to " @@ -715,17 +740,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:451 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:453 msgid "The Commons, the Market, and the State" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:457 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:459 msgid "Ibid., 145." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:453 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:455 msgid "" "Historically, there have been three ways to manage resources and share " "wealth: the commons (managed collectively), the state (i.e., the " @@ -734,12 +759,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:466 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:468 msgid "Ibid., 175." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:461 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:463 msgid "" "The organizations and businesses in our case studies are unique in the way " "they participate in the commons while still engaging with the market and/or " @@ -752,14 +777,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:473 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:475 msgid "" "Fig. 1. is a depiction of how an enterprise can have varying levels of " "engagement with commons, state, and market." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:477 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:479 msgid "" "Some of our case studies are simply commons and market enterprises with " "little or no engagement with the state. A depiction of those case studies " @@ -772,7 +797,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:488 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:490 msgid "" "All our case studies generate money as a means of livelihood and " "sustainability. Money is primarily of the market. Finding ways to generate " @@ -783,7 +808,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:497 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:499 msgid "" "The state has an important role to play in fostering the use and adoption of " "the commons. State programs and funding can deliberately contribute to and " @@ -792,28 +817,28 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><textobject><phrase> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:504 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:511 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:506 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:513 msgid "Enterprise engagement with commons, state and market." msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:508 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:510 msgid "Pictures/10000201000008000000045C30360249076453E6.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:506 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:555 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:673 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:802 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:844 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:929 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:508 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:557 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:675 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:804 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:846 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:934 msgid "<placeholder type=\"mediaobject\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:517 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:519 msgid "" "It’s helpful to understand how the commons, market, and state manage " "resources differently, and not just for those who consider themselves " @@ -825,21 +850,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:528 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:530 msgid "The Four Aspects of a Resource" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:533 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:535 msgid "" -"Daniel H. Cole, “Learning from Lin: Lessons and Cautions from the Natural " -"Commons for the Knowledge Commons,” in Governing Knowledge Commons, eds. " -"Brett M. Frischmann, Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg (New " -"York: Oxford University Press, 2014), 53." +"Daniel H. Cole, <quote>Learning from Lin: Lessons and Cautions from the " +"Natural Commons for the Knowledge Commons,</quote> in Governing Knowledge " +"Commons, eds. Brett M. Frischmann, Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. " +"Strandburg (New York: Oxford University Press, 2014), 53." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:530 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:532 msgid "" "As part of her Nobel Prize–winning work, Elinor Ostrom developed a framework " "for analyzing how natural resources are managed in a commons.<placeholder " @@ -851,7 +876,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:546 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:548 msgid "" "To compare and contrast the ways in which the commons, market, and state " "work, let’s consider four aspects of resource management: resource " @@ -861,23 +886,23 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><textobject><phrase> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:554 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:560 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:556 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:562 msgid "Four aspects of resource management" msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:557 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:559 msgid "Pictures/10000201000007D0000007D0ACF13F8B71EAF0B9.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:566 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:568 msgid "Characteristics" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:568 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:570 msgid "" "Resources have particular characteristics or attributes that affect the way " "they can be used. Some resources are natural; others are human produced. And—" @@ -886,7 +911,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:575 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:577 msgid "" "Physical resources exist in limited supply. If I have a physical resource " "and give it to you, I no longer have it. When a resource is removed and " @@ -898,7 +923,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:586 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:588 msgid "" "Physical resources are depletable, exclusive, and rivalrous. Digital " "resources, on the other hand, are nondepletable, nonexclusive, and " @@ -910,7 +935,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:596 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:598 msgid "" "The nondepletable, nonexclusive, and nonrivalrous nature of digital " "resources means the rules and norms for managing them can (and ought to) be " @@ -920,7 +945,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:604 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:606 msgid "" "Our case studies frequently manage hybrid resources, which start out as " "digital with the possibility of being made into a physical resource. The " @@ -932,7 +957,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:615 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:617 msgid "" "Beyond this idea of physical versus digital, the commons, market, and state " "conceive of resources differently (see Fig. 3). The market sees resources " @@ -944,12 +969,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:626 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:628 msgid "People and processes" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:628 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:630 msgid "" "In the commons, the market, and the state, different people and processes " "are used to manage resources. The processes used define both who has a say " @@ -957,7 +982,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:633 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:635 msgid "" "In the state, a government of elected officials is responsible for managing " "resources on behalf of the public. The citizens who produce and use those " @@ -968,7 +993,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:642 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:644 msgid "" "In the market, the people involved are producers, buyers, sellers, and " "consumers. Businesses act as intermediaries between those who produce " @@ -979,14 +1004,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:653 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:655 msgid "" "Max Haiven, Crises of Imagination, Crises of Power: Capitalism, Creativity " "and the Commons (New York: Zed Books, 2014), 93." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:651 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:653 msgid "" "In contrast to the state and market, resources in a commons are managed more " "directly by the people involved.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> " @@ -1003,23 +1028,23 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><mediaobject><textobject><phrase> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:671 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:678 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:673 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:680 msgid "How the market, commons and state concieve of resources." msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:675 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:677 msgid "Pictures/10000201000009C40000065D9EC4F530BD4DFBE0.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:685 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:687 msgid "Norms and rules" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:687 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:689 msgid "" "The social interactions between people, and the processes used by the state, " "market, and commons, evolve social norms and rules. These norms and rules " @@ -1027,7 +1052,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:693 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:695 msgid "" "State authority is governed by national constitutions. Norms related to " "priorities and decision making are defined by elected officials and " @@ -1037,7 +1062,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:701 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:703 msgid "" "Market norms are influenced by economics and competition for scarce " "resources. Market rules follow property, business, and financial laws " @@ -1045,12 +1070,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:713 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:715 msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 175." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:706 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:708 msgid "" "As with the market, a commons can be influenced by state policies, " "regulations, and laws. But the norms and rules of a commons are largely " @@ -1061,12 +1086,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:718 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:720 msgid "Goals" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:720 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:722 msgid "" "The combination of the aspects we’ve discussed so far—the resource’s " "inherent characteristics, people and processes, and norms and rules—shape " @@ -1075,16 +1100,16 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:732 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:734 msgid "" -"Joshua Farley and Ida Kubiszewski, “The Economics of Information in a Post-" -"Carbon Economy,” in Free Knowledge: Confronting the Commodification of Human " -"Discovery, eds. Patricia W. Elliott and Daryl H. Hepting (Regina, SK: " -"University of Regina Press, 2015), 201–4." +"Joshua Farley and Ida Kubiszewski, <quote>The Economics of Information in a " +"Post-Carbon Economy,</quote> in Free Knowledge: Confronting the " +"Commodification of Human Discovery, eds. Patricia W. Elliott and Daryl H. " +"Hepting (Regina, SK: University of Regina Press, 2015), 201–4." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:727 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:729 msgid "" "In the market, the focus is on maximizing the utility of a resource. What we " "pay for the goods we consume is seen as an objective measure of the utility " @@ -1095,7 +1120,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:742 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:744 msgid "" "The state aims to use and manage resources in a way that balances the " "economy with the social and cultural needs of its citizens. Health care, " @@ -1106,7 +1131,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:751 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:753 msgid "" "In the commons, the goal is maximizing access, equity, distribution, " "participation, innovation, and sustainability. You can measure success by " @@ -1117,7 +1142,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:760 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:762 msgid "" "As hybrid combinations of the commons with the market or state, the success " "and sustainability of all our case study enterprises depends on their " @@ -1126,13 +1151,13 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:768 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:770 #, fuzzy msgid "A Short History of the Commons" msgstr "### Gemaakt met Creative Commons" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:770 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:772 msgid "" "Using the commons to manage resources is part of a long historical " "continuum. However, in contemporary society, the market and the state " @@ -1143,7 +1168,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:779 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:781 msgid "" "But the more than 1.1 billion resources licensed with Creative Commons " "around the world are indications of a grassroots move toward the commons. " @@ -1153,7 +1178,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:790 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:792 msgid "" "Rowe, Our Common Wealth, 19; and Heather Menzies, Reclaiming the Commons for " "the Common Good: A Memoir and Manifesto (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, " @@ -1161,7 +1186,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:786 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:788 msgid "" "For centuries, indigenous people and preindustrialized societies managed " "resources, including water, food, firewood, irrigation, fish, wild game, and " @@ -1174,23 +1199,23 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><textobject><phrase> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:801 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:807 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:803 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:809 msgid "In preindustrialized society." msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:804 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:806 msgid "Pictures/10000201000009C4000005153EACBD62F00F6BA9.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:816 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:818 msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 55–78." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:820 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:822 msgid "" "Fritjof Capra and Ugo Mattei, The Ecology of Law: Toward a Legal System in " "Tune with Nature and Community (Oakland, CA: Berrett-Koehler, 2015), 46–57; " @@ -1198,19 +1223,20 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:813 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:815 msgid "" "This is followed by a long history of the state (a monarchy or ruler) taking " "over the commons for their own purposes. This is called enclosure of the " -"commons.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> In olden days, “commoners” " -"were evicted from the land, fences and hedges erected, laws passed, and " -"security set up to forbid access.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> " -"Gradually, resources became the property of the state and the state became " -"the primary means by which resources were managed. (See Fig. 5)." +"commons.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> In olden days, " +"<quote>commoners</quote> were evicted from the land, fences and hedges " +"erected, laws passed, and security set up to forbid access.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> Gradually, resources became the property of the " +"state and the state became the primary means by which resources were " +"managed. (See Fig. 5)." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:829 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:831 msgid "" "Holdings of land, water, and game were distributed to ruling family and " "political appointees. Commoners displaced from the land migrated to cities. " @@ -1225,54 +1251,54 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><textobject><phrase> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:843 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:849 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:845 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:851 msgid "The commons is gradually superseded by the state." msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:846 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:848 msgid "Pictures/10000201000009C4000005150F069409C1CC12F0.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:855 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:857 msgid "" "However, the world today is going through turbulent times. The benefits of " "the market have been offset by unequal distribution and overexploitation." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:860 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:862 msgid "" -"Overexploitation was the topic of Garrett Hardin’s influential essay “The " -"Tragedy of the Commons,” published in Science in 1968. Hardin argues that " -"everyone in a commons seeks to maximize personal gain and will continue to " -"do so even when the limits of the commons are reached. The commons is then " -"tragically depleted to the point where it can no longer support anyone. " -"Hardin’s essay became widely accepted as an economic truism and a " -"justification for private property and free markets." +"Overexploitation was the topic of Garrett Hardin’s influential essay " +"<quote>The Tragedy of the Commons,</quote> published in Science in 1968. " +"Hardin argues that everyone in a commons seeks to maximize personal gain and " +"will continue to do so even when the limits of the commons are reached. The " +"commons is then tragically depleted to the point where it can no longer " +"support anyone. Hardin’s essay became widely accepted as an economic truism " +"and a justification for private property and free markets." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:887 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:890 msgid "" "Brett M. Frischmann, Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg, " -"“Governing Knowledge Commons,” in Frischmann, Madison, and Strandburg " -"Governing Knowledge Commons, 12." +"<quote>Governing Knowledge Commons,</quote> in Frischmann, Madison, and " +"Strandburg Governing Knowledge Commons, 12." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:870 -msgid "" -"However, there is one serious flaw with Hardin’s “The Tragedy of the " -"Commons”—it’s fiction. Hardin did not actually study how real commons work. " -"Elinor Ostrom won the 2009 Nobel Prize in economics for her work studying " -"different commons all around the world. Ostrom’s work shows that natural " -"resource commons can be successfully managed by local communities without " -"any regulation by central authorities or without privatization. Government " -"and privatization are not the only two choices. There is a third way: " -"management by the people, where those that are directly impacted are " +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:873 +msgid "" +"However, there is one serious flaw with Hardin’s <quote>The Tragedy of the " +"Commons</quote>—it’s fiction. Hardin did not actually study how real commons " +"work. Elinor Ostrom won the 2009 Nobel Prize in economics for her work " +"studying different commons all around the world. Ostrom’s work shows that " +"natural resource commons can be successfully managed by local communities " +"without any regulation by central authorities or without privatization. " +"Government and privatization are not the only two choices. There is a third " +"way: management by the people, where those that are directly impacted are " "directly involved. With natural resources, there is a regional locality. The " "people in the region are the most familiar with the natural resource, have " "the most direct relationship and history with it, and are therefore best " @@ -1283,7 +1309,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:893 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:897 msgid "" "Hardin failed to consider the actual social dynamic of the commons. His " "model assumed that people in the commons act autonomously, out of pure self-" @@ -1296,14 +1322,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:909 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:913 msgid "" -"Farley and Kubiszewski, “Economics of Information,” in Elliott and Hepting, " -"Free Knowledge, 203." +"Farley and Kubiszewski, <quote>Economics of Information,</quote> in Elliott " +"and Hepting, Free Knowledge, 203." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:905 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:909 msgid "" "Hardin’s story is based on the premise of depletable resources. Economists " "have focused almost exclusively on scarcity-based markets. Very little is " @@ -1317,7 +1343,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:920 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:925 msgid "" "When it comes to use of state funds to create digital goods, however, there " "is really no justification for artificial scarcity. The norm for state " @@ -1326,23 +1352,23 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><textobject><phrase> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:927 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:934 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:932 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:939 msgid "How the market, the state and the commons look today." msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:931 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:936 msgid "Pictures/10000201000009C400000515F1CAA15B223F6BAF.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:941 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:946 msgid "The Digital Revolution" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:943 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:948 msgid "" "In the early days of computing, programmers and developers learned from each " "other by sharing software. In the 1980s, the free-software movement codified " @@ -1350,12 +1376,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:951 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:956 msgid "The freedom to run a software program as you wish, for any purpose." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:957 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:962 msgid "" "The freedom to study how a software program works (because access to the " "source code has been freely given), and change it so it does your computing " @@ -1363,40 +1389,41 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:964 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:969 msgid "The freedom to redistribute copies." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:971 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:975 msgid "" -"“What Is Free Software?” GNU Operating System, the Free Software " -"Foundation’s Licensing and Compliance Lab, accessed December 30, 2016, " -"<ulink url=\"http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw\"/>." +"<quote>What Is Free Software?</quote> GNU Operating System, the Free " +"Software Foundation’s Licensing and Compliance Lab, accessed December 30, " +"2016, <ulink url=\"http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:969 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:974 msgid "" "The freedom to distribute copies of your modified versions to others." "<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:980 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:984 msgid "" "These principles and freedoms constitute a set of norms and rules that " "typify a digital commons." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:995 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:999 msgid "" -"Wikipedia, s.v. “Open-source software,” last modified November 22, 2016." +"Wikipedia, s.v. <quote>Open-source software,</quote> last modified November " +"22, 2016." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:984 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:988 msgid "" "In the late 1990s, to make the sharing of source code and collaboration more " "appealing to companies, the open-source-software initiative converted these " @@ -1413,29 +1440,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1010 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1014 msgid "" -"Eric S. Raymond, “The Magic Cauldron,” in The Cathedral and the Bazaar: " -"Musings on Linux and Open Source by an Accidental Revolutionary, rev. ed. " -"(Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, 2001), <ulink url=\"http://www.catb.org/esr/" -"writings/cathedral-bazaar/\"/>." +"Eric S. Raymond, <quote>The Magic Cauldron,</quote> in The Cathedral and the " +"Bazaar: Musings on Linux and Open Source by an Accidental Revolutionary, " +"rev. ed. (Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, 2001), <ulink url=\"http://www." +"catb.org/esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1002 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1006 msgid "" "While open-source software functions as a commons, many businesses and " "markets did build up around it. Business models based on the licenses and " "standards of open-source software evolved alongside organizations that " "managed software code on principles of abundance rather than scarcity. Eric " -"Raymond’s essay “The Magic Cauldron” does a great job of analyzing the " -"economics and business models associated with open-source software." -"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> These models can provide examples " -"of sustainable approaches for those Made with Creative Commons." +"Raymond’s essay <quote>The Magic Cauldron</quote> does a great job of " +"analyzing the economics and business models associated with open-source " +"software.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> These models can provide " +"examples of sustainable approaches for those Made with Creative Commons." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1019 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1023 msgid "" "It isn’t just about an abundant availability of digital assets but also " "about abundance of participation. The growth of personal computing, " @@ -1450,7 +1477,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1038 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1042 msgid "" "New York Times Customer Insight Group, The Psychology of Sharing: Why Do " "People Share Online? (New York: New York Times Customer Insight Group, " @@ -1458,7 +1485,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1032 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1036 msgid "" "But people like to share. One of the ways we define ourselves is by sharing " "valuable and entertaining content. Doing so grows and nourishes " @@ -1468,13 +1495,13 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1046 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1050 #, fuzzy msgid "The Birth of Creative Commons" msgstr "### Gemaakt met Creative Commons" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1048 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1052 msgid "" "In 2001, Creative Commons was created as a nonprofit to support all those " "who wanted to share digital content. A suite of Creative Commons licenses " @@ -1485,15 +1512,15 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1069 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1072 msgid "" -"“Licensing Considerations,” Creative Commons, accessed December 30, 2016, " -"<ulink url=\"http://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/licensing-" +"<quote>Licensing Considerations,</quote> Creative Commons, accessed December " +"30, 2016, <ulink url=\"http://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/licensing-" "considerations/\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1057 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1061 msgid "" "Creative Commons licenses have a three-layer design. The norms and rules of " "each license are first expressed in full legal language as used by lawyers. " @@ -1510,7 +1537,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1077 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1080 msgid "" "In 2015, there were over one billion Creative Commons licensed works in a " "global commons. These works were viewed online 136 billion times. People are " @@ -1520,14 +1547,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1090 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1093 msgid "" "Creative Commons, 2015 State of the Commons (Mountain View, CA: Creative " "Commons, 2015), <ulink url=\"http://stateof.creativecommons.org/2015/\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1085 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1088 msgid "" "Individual artists, photographers, musicians, and filmmakers use Creative " "Commons, but so do museums, governments, creative industries, manufacturers, " @@ -1539,7 +1566,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1098 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1101 msgid "" "Some see Creative Commons as a way to share a gift with others, a way of " "getting known, or a way to provide social benefit. Others are simply " @@ -1553,7 +1580,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1110 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1113 msgid "" "Over time, Creative Commons has spawned a range of open movements, including " "open educational resources, open access, open science, and open data. The " @@ -1563,15 +1590,15 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1123 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1126 msgid "" -"Wikipedia, s.v. “Open Government Partnership,” last modified September 24, " -"2016, <ulink url=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Government_Partnership" -"\"/>." +"Wikipedia, s.v. <quote>Open Government Partnership,</quote> last modified " +"September 24, 2016, <ulink url=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/" +"Open_Government_Partnership\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1118 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1121 msgid "" "The state is increasingly involved in supporting open movements. The Open " "Government Partnership was launched in 2011 to provide an international " @@ -1585,22 +1612,22 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1134 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1137 msgid "The Changing Market" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1142 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1145 msgid "Capra and Mattei, Ecology of Law, 114." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1150 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1153 msgid "Ibid., 116." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1136 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1139 msgid "" "Today’s market is largely driven by global capitalism. Law and financial " "systems are structured to support extraction, privatization, and corporate " @@ -1616,15 +1643,15 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1160 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1163 msgid "" -"The Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency, “Stockholm " -"Statement” accessed February 15, 2017, <ulink url=\"http://sida.se/" +"The Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency, <quote>Stockholm " +"Statement</quote> accessed February 15, 2017, <ulink url=\"http://sida.se/" "globalassets/sida/eng/press/stockholm-statement.pdf\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1154 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1157 msgid "" "In light of these challenges there is a growing recognition that GDP growth " "should not be an end in itself, that development needs to be socially and " @@ -1634,7 +1661,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1171 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1175 msgid "" "City of Bologna, Regulation on Collaboration between Citizens and the City " "for the Care and Regeneration of Urban Commons, trans. LabGov (LABoratory " @@ -1645,7 +1672,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1181 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1185 msgid "" "The Seoul Sharing City website is <ulink url=\"http://english.sharehub.kr\"/" ">; for Amsterdam Sharing City, go to <ulink url=\"http://www.sharenl.nl/" @@ -1653,27 +1680,27 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1166 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1170 msgid "" "These realizations have led to a resurgence of interest in the commons as a " "means of enabling that balance. City governments like Bologna, Italy, are " "collaborating with their citizens to put in place regulations for the care " "and regeneration of urban commons.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> " -"Seoul and Amsterdam call themselves “sharing cities,” looking to make " -"sustainable and more efficient use of scarce resources. They see sharing as " -"a way to improve the use of public spaces, mobility, social cohesion, and " -"safety.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" +"Seoul and Amsterdam call themselves <quote>sharing cities,</quote> looking " +"to make sustainable and more efficient use of scarce resources. They see " +"sharing as a way to improve the use of public spaces, mobility, social " +"cohesion, and safety.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1198 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1202 msgid "" "Tom Slee, What’s Yours Is Mine: Against the Sharing Economy (New York: OR " "Books, 2015), 42." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1188 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1192 msgid "" "The market itself has taken an interest in the sharing economy, with " "businesses like Airbnb providing a peer-to-peer marketplace for short-term " @@ -1693,7 +1720,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1220 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1224 msgid "" "Chris Anderson, Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by Giving " "Something for Nothing, Reprint with new preface. (New York: Hyperion, " @@ -1701,7 +1728,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1210 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1214 msgid "" "One way Made with Creative Commons case studies differ from those of the " "sharing economy is their focus on digital resources. Digital resources " @@ -1715,7 +1742,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1226 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1230 msgid "" "Those that are Made with Creative Commons are looking to leverage the unique " "inherent characteristics of digital resources, including lowering costs. The " @@ -1730,7 +1757,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1245 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1249 msgid "" "Jeremy Rifkin, The Zero Marginal Cost Society: The Internet of Things, the " "Collaborative Commons, and the Eclipse of Capitalism (New York: Palgrave " @@ -1738,7 +1765,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1240 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1244 msgid "" "The incremental cost of storing, copying, and distributing digital goods is " "next to zero, making abundance possible. But imagining a market based on " @@ -1750,7 +1777,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1253 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1257 msgid "" "Some are looking to minimize their interactions with the market and operate " "as autonomously as possible. Others are operating largely as a business " @@ -1759,7 +1786,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1267 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1271 msgid "" "Gar Alperovitz, What Then Must We Do? Straight Talk about the Next American " "Revolution: Democratizing Wealth and Building a Community-Sustaining Economy " @@ -1767,14 +1794,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1276 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1280 msgid "" "Marjorie Kelly, Owning Our Future: The Emerging Ownership Revolution; " "Journeys to a Generative Economy (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2012), 8–9." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1260 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1264 msgid "" "For an ordinary corporation, making social benefit a part of its operations " "is difficult, as it’s legally required to make decisions that financially " @@ -1789,7 +1816,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1289 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1292 msgid "" "Alex Osterwalder and Yves Pigneur, Business Model Generation (Hoboken, NJ: " "John Wiley and Sons, 2010). A preview of the book is available at <ulink url=" @@ -1797,50 +1824,51 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1282 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1285 msgid "" -"“A book on open business models” is how we described it in this book’s " -"Kickstarter campaign. We used a handbook called Business Model Generation as " -"our reference for defining just what a business model is. Developed over " -"nine years using an “open process” involving 470 coauthors from forty-five " -"countries, it is useful as a framework for talking about business models." -"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"<quote>A book on open business models</quote> is how we described it in this " +"book’s Kickstarter campaign. We used a handbook called Business Model " +"Generation as our reference for defining just what a business model is. " +"Developed over nine years using an <quote>open process</quote> involving 470 " +"coauthors from forty-five countries, it is useful as a framework for talking " +"about business models.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1298 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1302 msgid "" "This business model canvas is available to download at <ulink url=\"http://" "strategyzer.com/canvas/business-model-canvas\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1306 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1310 msgid "" -"We’ve made the “Open Business Model Canvas,” designed by the coauthor Paul " -"Stacey, available online at <ulink url=\"http://docs.google.com/drawings/" -"d/1QOIDa2qak7wZSSOa4Wv6qVMO77IwkKHN7CYyq0wHivs/edit\"/>. You can also find " -"the accompanying Open Business Model Canvas Questions at <ulink url=\"http://" -"docs.google.com/drawings/d/1kACK7TkoJgsM18HUWCbX9xuQ0Byna4plSVZXZGTtays/edit" -"\"/>." +"We’ve made the <quote>Open Business Model Canvas,</quote> designed by the " +"coauthor Paul Stacey, available online at <ulink url=\"http://docs.google." +"com/drawings/d/1QOIDa2qak7wZSSOa4Wv6qVMO77IwkKHN7CYyq0wHivs/edit\"/>. You " +"can also find the accompanying Open Business Model Canvas Questions at " +"<ulink url=\"http://docs.google.com/drawings/" +"d/1kACK7TkoJgsM18HUWCbX9xuQ0Byna4plSVZXZGTtays/edit\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1296 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1299 msgid "" -"It contains a “business model canvas,” which conceives of a business model " -"as having nine building blocks.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> " -"This blank canvas can serve as a tool for anyone to design their own " -"business model. We remixed this business model canvas into an open business " -"model canvas, adding three more building blocks relevant to hybrid market, " -"commons enterprises: social good, Creative Commons license, and “type of " -"open environment that the business fits in.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " -"id=\"1\"/> This enhanced canvas proved useful when we analyzed businesses " -"and helped start-ups plan their economic model." +"It contains a <quote>business model canvas,</quote> which conceives of a " +"business model as having nine building blocks.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " +"id=\"0\"/> This blank canvas can serve as a tool for anyone to design their " +"own business model. We remixed this business model canvas into an open " +"business model canvas, adding three more building blocks relevant to hybrid " +"market, commons enterprises: social good, Creative Commons license, and " +"<quote>type of open environment that the business fits in.</" +"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> This enhanced canvas proved " +"useful when we analyzed businesses and helped start-ups plan their economic " +"model." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1316 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1320 msgid "" "In our case study interviews, many expressed discomfort over describing " "themselves as an open business model—the term business model suggested " @@ -1854,37 +1882,37 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1337 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1342 msgid "" "A more comprehensive list of revenue streams is available in this post I " -"wrote on Medium on March 6, 2016. “What Is an Open Business Model and How " -"Can You Generate Revenue?”, available at <ulink url=\"http://medium.com/made-" -"with-creative-commons/what-is-an-open-business-model-and-how-can-you-" -"generate-revenue-5854d2659b15\"/>." +"wrote on Medium on March 6, 2016. <quote>What Is an Open Business Model and " +"How Can You Generate Revenue?</quote>, available at <ulink url=\"http://" +"medium.com/made-with-creative-commons/what-is-an-open-business-model-and-how-" +"can-you-generate-revenue-5854d2659b15\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1329 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1333 msgid "" "The creators, businesses, and organizations we profile all engage with the " "market to generate revenue in some way. The ways in which this is done vary " -"widely. Donations, pay what you can, memberships, “digital for free but " -"physical for a fee,” crowdfunding, matchmaking, value-add services, " -"patrons . . . the list goes on and on. (Initial description of how to earn " -"revenue available through reference note. For latest thinking see How to " -"Bring In Money in the next section.)<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/" -"> There is no single magic bullet, and each endeavor has devised ways that " -"work for them. Most make use of more than one way. Diversifying revenue " +"widely. Donations, pay what you can, memberships, <quote>digital for free " +"but physical for a fee,</quote> crowdfunding, matchmaking, value-add " +"services, patrons . . . the list goes on and on. (Initial description of how " +"to earn revenue available through reference note. For latest thinking see " +"How to Bring In Money in the next section.)<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" +"\"0\"/> There is no single magic bullet, and each endeavor has devised ways " +"that work for them. Most make use of more than one way. Diversifying revenue " "streams lowers risk and provides multiple paths to sustainability." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1349 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1354 msgid "Benefits of the Digital Commons" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1351 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1356 msgid "" "While it may be clear why commons-based organizations want to interact and " "engage with the market (they need money to survive), it may be less obvious " @@ -1893,7 +1921,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1357 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1362 msgid "" "The commons speeds dissemination. The free flow of resources in the commons " "offers tremendous economies of scale. Distribution is decentralized, with " @@ -1903,7 +1931,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1366 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1371 msgid "" "The commons ensures access to all. The market has traditionally operated by " "putting resources behind a paywall requiring payment first before access. " @@ -1917,7 +1945,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1379 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1384 msgid "" "The commons maximizes participation. Resources in the commons can be used " "and contributed to by everyone. Using the resources of others, contributing " @@ -1931,7 +1959,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1401 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1406 msgid "" "Henry Chesbrough, Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and " "Profiting from Technology (Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2006), 31–" @@ -1939,7 +1967,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1392 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1397 msgid "" "The commons spurs innovation. Resources in the hands of more people who can " "use them leads to new ideas. The way commons resources can be modified, " @@ -1955,7 +1983,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1410 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1415 msgid "" "The commons boosts reach and impact. The digital commons is global. " "Resources may be created for a local or regional need, but they go far and " @@ -1969,7 +1997,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1423 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1428 msgid "" "The commons is generative. Instead of extracting value, the commons adds " "value. Digitized resources persist without becoming depleted, and through " @@ -1984,7 +2012,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1437 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1442 msgid "" "The commons brings people together for a common cause. The commons vests " "people directly with the responsibility to manage the resources for the " @@ -2000,7 +2028,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1452 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1457 msgid "" "The benefits of the commons are many. When these benefits align with the " "goals of individuals, communities, businesses in the market, or state " @@ -2009,12 +2037,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1459 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1464 msgid "Our Case Studies" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1461 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1466 msgid "" "The creators, organizations, and businesses in our case studies operate as " "nonprofits, for-profits, and social enterprises. Regardless of legal " @@ -2027,7 +2055,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1473 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1478 msgid "" "The case studies are based on the narratives told to us by founders and key " "staff. Instead of solely using financials as the measure of success and " @@ -2037,7 +2065,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1481 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1486 msgid "" "Our case studies are diverse, ranging from publishing to education and " "manufacturing. All of the organizations, businesses, and creators in the " @@ -2049,7 +2077,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1491 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1496 msgid "" "They are creating new resources, or using the resources of others, or mixing " "existing resources together to make something new. They, and their audience, " @@ -2059,7 +2087,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1499 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1504 msgid "" "And as users of Creative Commons licenses, they are automatically part of a " "global community. The new digital commons is global. Those we profiled come " @@ -2068,7 +2096,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1506 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1511 msgid "" "Creative Commons licenses may express legal rules around the use of " "resources in a commons, but success in the commons requires more than " @@ -2083,7 +2111,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1519 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1524 msgid "" "The new digital commons is here to stay. Made With Creative Commons case " "studies show how it’s possible to be part of this commons while still " @@ -2094,7 +2122,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1528 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1533 msgid "" "Enterprise use of Creative Commons has only just begun. The case studies in " "this book are merely starting points. Each is changing and evolving over " @@ -2105,18 +2133,18 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1539 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1544 #, fuzzy msgid "How to Be Made with Creative Commons" msgstr "## Gemaakt met Creative Commons" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1541 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1546 msgid "Sarah Hinchliff Pearson" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1544 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1549 msgid "" "When we began this project in August 2015, we set out to write a book about " "business models that involve Creative Commons licenses in some significant " @@ -2133,7 +2161,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1560 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1565 msgid "" "We analyzed the revenue models, customer segments, and value propositions of " "each endeavor. We searched for ways that putting their content under " @@ -2145,7 +2173,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1570 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1575 msgid "" "In fairly short order, we realized the book we set out to write was quite " "different from the one that was revealing itself in our interviews and " @@ -2153,7 +2181,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1575 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1580 msgid "" "It isn’t that we were wrong to think you can make money while using Creative " "Commons licenses. In many instances, CC can help make you more money. Nor " @@ -2164,7 +2192,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1587 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1593 msgid "" "Alex Osterwalder and Yves Pigneur, Business Model Generation (Hoboken, NJ: " "John Wiley and Sons, 2010), 14. A preview of the book is available at <ulink " @@ -2172,19 +2200,20 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1584 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1589 msgid "" "According to the seminal handbook Business Model Generation, a business " -"model “describes the rationale of how an organization creates, delivers, and " -"captures value.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Thinking about " -"sharing in terms of creating and capturing value always felt inappropriately " -"transactional and out of place, something we heard time and time again in " -"our interviews. And as Cory Doctorow told us in our interview with him, " -"“Business model can mean anything you want it to mean.”" +"model <quote>describes the rationale of how an organization creates, " +"delivers, and captures value.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/" +"> Thinking about sharing in terms of creating and capturing value always " +"felt inappropriately transactional and out of place, something we heard time " +"and time again in our interviews. And as Cory Doctorow told us in our " +"interview with him, <quote>Business model can mean anything you want it to " +"mean.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1598 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1605 msgid "" "Eventually, we got it. Being Made with Creative Commons is more than a " "business model. While we will talk about specific revenue models as one " @@ -2193,7 +2222,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1605 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1612 msgid "" "Admittedly, it took me a long time to get there. When Paul and I divided up " "our writing after finishing the research, my charge was to distill " @@ -2205,7 +2234,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1615 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1622 msgid "" "In every interview, we started from the same simple questions. Amid all the " "diversity among the creators, organizations, and businesses we profiled, " @@ -2218,7 +2247,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1627 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1634 msgid "" "But we also started to realize something about what it means to be Made with " "Creative Commons. When people talked to us about how and why they used CC, " @@ -2228,7 +2257,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1635 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1642 msgid "" "At one level, being Made with Creative Commons expresses an affinity for the " "value of Creative Commons. While there are many different flavors of CC " @@ -2243,21 +2272,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1649 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1656 msgid "" "Whether the public makes use of the opportunity to copy and adapt your work, " "sharing with a Creative Commons license is a symbol of how you want to " "interact with the people who consume your work. Whenever you create " -"something, “all rights reserved” under copyright is automatic, so the " -"copyright symbol (©) on the work does not necessarily come across as a " -"marker of distrust or excessive protectionism. But using a CC license can be " -"a symbol of the opposite—of wanting a real human relationship, rather than " -"an impersonal market transaction. It leaves open the possibility of " +"something, <quote>all rights reserved</quote> under copyright is automatic, " +"so the copyright symbol (©) on the work does not necessarily come across as " +"a marker of distrust or excessive protectionism. But using a CC license can " +"be a symbol of the opposite—of wanting a real human relationship, rather " +"than an impersonal market transaction. It leaves open the possibility of " "connection." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1661 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1668 msgid "" "Being Made with Creative Commons not only demonstrates values connected to " "CC and sharing. It also demonstrates that something other than profit drives " @@ -2267,29 +2296,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1674 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1681 msgid "" "Cory Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: Laws for the Internet " "Age (San Francisco, CA: McSweeney’s, 2014) 68." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1669 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1676 msgid "" "The driving motivation varies depending on the type of endeavor. For " "individual creators, it is most often about personal inspiration. In some " -"ways, this is nothing new. As Doctorow has written, “Creators usually start " -"doing what they do for love.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> But " -"when you share your creative work under a CC license, that dynamic is even " -"more pronounced. Similarly, for technological innovators, it is often less " -"about creating a specific new thing that will make you rich and more about " -"solving a specific problem you have. The creators of Arduino told us that " -"the key question when creating something is “Do you as the creator want to " -"use it? It has to have personal use and meaning.”" +"ways, this is nothing new. As Doctorow has written, <quote>Creators usually " +"start doing what they do for love.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" +"\"0\"/> But when you share your creative work under a CC license, that " +"dynamic is even more pronounced. Similarly, for technological innovators, it " +"is often less about creating a specific new thing that will make you rich " +"and more about solving a specific problem you have. The creators of Arduino " +"told us that the key question when creating something is <quote>Do you as " +"the creator want to use it? It has to have personal use and meaning.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1685 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1693 msgid "" "Many that are Made with Creative Commons have an express social mission that " "underpins everything they do. In many cases, sharing with Creative Commons " @@ -2301,7 +2330,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1695 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1703 msgid "" "This dynamic is probably one reason why there are so many nonprofit examples " "of being Made with Creative Commons. The content is the result of a labor of " @@ -2313,7 +2342,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1705 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1713 msgid "" "Even if profit isn’t the end goal, you have to bring in money to be " "successfully Made with Creative Commons. At a bare minimum, you have to make " @@ -2321,25 +2350,25 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1710 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1718 msgid "" "The costs of doing business vary widely for those made with CC, but there is " "generally a much lower threshold for sustainability than there used to be " "for any creative endeavor. Digital technology has made it easier than ever " "to create, and easier than ever to distribute. As Doctorow put it in his " -"book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, “If analog dollars have turned " -"into digital dimes (as the critics of ad-supported media have it), there is " -"the fact that it’s possible to run a business that gets the same amount of " -"advertising as its forebears at a fraction of the price.”" +"book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, <quote>If analog dollars have " +"turned into digital dimes (as the critics of ad-supported media have it), " +"there is the fact that it’s possible to run a business that gets the same " +"amount of advertising as its forebears at a fraction of the price.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1727 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1735 msgid "Ibid., 55." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1722 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1730 msgid "" "Some creation costs are the same as they always were. It takes the same " "amount of time and money to write a peer-reviewed journal article or paint a " @@ -2354,7 +2383,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1739 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1747 msgid "" "Chris Anderson, Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by Giving " "Something for Nothing, reprint with new preface (New York: Hyperion, 2010), " @@ -2362,7 +2391,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1736 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1744 msgid "" "Distributing content is almost universally cheaper than ever. Once content " "is created, the costs to distribute copies digitally are essentially zero." @@ -2376,45 +2405,45 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1761 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1769 msgid "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 44." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1751 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1759 msgid "" "It’s important to recognize that the biggest impact of technology on " "creative endeavors is that creators can now foot the costs of creation and " "distribution themselves. People now often have a direct route to their " "potential public without necessarily needing intermediaries like record " -"labels and book publishers. Doctorow wrote, “If you’re a creator who never " -"got the time of day from one of the great imperial powers, this is your " -"time. Where once you had no means of reaching an audience without the " +"labels and book publishers. Doctorow wrote, <quote>If you’re a creator who " +"never got the time of day from one of the great imperial powers, this is " +"your time. Where once you had no means of reaching an audience without the " "assistance of the industry-dominating megacompanies, now you have hundreds " -"of ways to do it without them.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> " -"Previously, distribution of creative work involved the costs associated with " -"sustaining a monolithic entity, now creators can do the work themselves. " -"That means the financial needs of creative endeavors can be a lot more " -"modest." +"of ways to do it without them.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" +"\"0\"/> Previously, distribution of creative work involved the costs " +"associated with sustaining a monolithic entity, now creators can do the work " +"themselves. That means the financial needs of creative endeavors can be a " +"lot more modest." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1768 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1776 msgid "" "Whether for an individual creator or a larger endeavor, it usually isn’t " "enough to break even if you want to make what you’re doing a livelihood. You " "need to build in some support for the general operation. This extra bit " "looks different for everyone, but importantly, in nearly all cases for those " -"Made with Creative Commons, the definition of “enough money” looks a lot " -"different than it does in the world of venture capital and stock options. It " -"is more about sustainability and less about unlimited growth and profit. " -"SparkFun founder Nathan Seidle told us, “Business model is a really " -"grandiose word for it. It is really just about keeping the operation going " -"day to day.”" +"Made with Creative Commons, the definition of <quote>enough money</quote> " +"looks a lot different than it does in the world of venture capital and stock " +"options. It is more about sustainability and less about unlimited growth and " +"profit. SparkFun founder Nathan Seidle told us, <quote>Business model is a " +"really grandiose word for it. It is really just about keeping the operation " +"going day to day.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1781 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1789 msgid "" "This book is a testament to the notion that it is possible to make money " "while using CC licenses and CC-licensed content, but we are still very much " @@ -2424,96 +2453,98 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1789 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1797 msgid "" "There are, however, plenty of ways in which CC licensing can be good for " "business in fairly predictable ways. The first is how it helps solve " -"“problem zero.”" +"<quote>problem zero.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1794 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1802 msgid "Problem Zero: Getting Discovered" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1801 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1809 msgid "" "Amanda Palmer, The Art of Asking: Or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Let " "People Help (New York: Grand Central, 2014), 121." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1815 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1824 msgid "" "Chris Anderson, Makers: The New Industrial Revolution (New York: Signal, " "2012), 64." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1796 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1804 msgid "" "Once you create or collect your content, the next step is finding users, " -"customers, fans—in other words, your people. As Amanda Palmer wrote, “It has " -"to start with the art. The songs had to touch people initially, and mean " -"something, for anything to work at all.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" -"\"0\"/> There isn’t any magic to finding your people, and there is certainly " -"no formula. Your work has to connect with people and offer them some " -"artistic and/or utilitarian value. In some ways, this is easier than ever. " -"Online we are not limited by shelf space, so there is room for every obscure " -"interest, taste, and need imaginable. This is what Chris Anderson dubbed the " -"Long Tail, where consumption becomes less about mainstream mass “hits” and " -"more about micromarkets for every particular niche. As Anderson wrote, “We " +"customers, fans—in other words, your people. As Amanda Palmer wrote, " +"<quote>It has to start with the art. The songs had to touch people " +"initially, and mean something, for anything to work at all.</" +"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> There isn’t any magic to " +"finding your people, and there is certainly no formula. Your work has to " +"connect with people and offer them some artistic and/or utilitarian value. " +"In some ways, this is easier than ever. Online we are not limited by shelf " +"space, so there is room for every obscure interest, taste, and need " +"imaginable. This is what Chris Anderson dubbed the Long Tail, where " +"consumption becomes less about mainstream mass <quote>hits</quote> and more " +"about micromarkets for every particular niche. As Anderson wrote, <quote>We " "are all different, with different wants and needs, and the Internet now has " -"a place for all of them in the way that physical markets did " -"not.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> We are no longer limited to " +"a place for all of them in the way that physical markets did not.</" +"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> We are no longer limited to " "what appeals to the masses." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1828 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1838 msgid "" "David Bollier, Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of " "the Commons (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014), 70." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1834 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1845 msgid "Anderson, Makers, 66." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1838 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1850 msgid "" "Bryan Kramer, Shareology: How Sharing Is Powering the Human Economy (New " "York: Morgan James, 2016), 10." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1821 -msgid "" -"While finding “your people” online is theoretically easier than in the " -"analog world, as a practical matter it can still be difficult to actually " -"get noticed. The Internet is a firehose of content, one that only grows " -"larger by the minute. As a content creator, not only are you competing for " -"attention against more content creators than ever before, you are competing " -"against creativity generated outside the market as well.<placeholder type=" -"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Anderson wrote, “The greatest change of the past " -"decade has been the shift in time people spend consuming amateur content " -"instead of professional content.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> " -"To top it all off, you have to compete against the rest of their lives, too" -"—“friends, family, music playlists, soccer games, and nights on the " -"town.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"2\"/> Somehow, some way, you have " -"to get noticed by the right people." +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1830 +msgid "" +"While finding <quote>your people</quote> online is theoretically easier than " +"in the analog world, as a practical matter it can still be difficult to " +"actually get noticed. The Internet is a firehose of content, one that only " +"grows larger by the minute. As a content creator, not only are you " +"competing for attention against more content creators than ever before, you " +"are competing against creativity generated outside the market as well." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Anderson wrote, <quote>The " +"greatest change of the past decade has been the shift in time people spend " +"consuming amateur content instead of professional content.</" +"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> To top it all off, you have " +"to compete against the rest of their lives, too—<quote>friends, family, " +"music playlists, soccer games, and nights on the town.</quote><placeholder " +"type=\"footnote\" id=\"2\"/> Somehow, some way, you have to get noticed by " +"the right people." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1852 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1864 msgid "Anderson, Free, 62." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1844 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1856 msgid "" "When you come to the Internet armed with an all-rights-reserved mentality " "from the start, you are often restricting access to your work before there " @@ -2525,26 +2556,26 @@ msgid "" "to charge money for your content. It simply means you need to recognize the " "effect that doing so will have on demand. The same principle applies to " "restricting access to copy the work. If your problem is how to get " -"discovered and find “your people,” prohibiting people from copying your work " -"and sharing it with others is counterproductive." +"discovered and find <quote>your people,</quote> prohibiting people from " +"copying your work and sharing it with others is counterproductive." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1866 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1878 msgid "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 38." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1862 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1874 msgid "" "Of course, it’s not that being discovered by people who like your work will " -"make you rich—far from it. But as Cory Doctorow says, “Recognition is one of " -"many necessary preconditions for artistic success.”<placeholder type=" -"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"make you rich—far from it. But as Cory Doctorow says, <quote>Recognition is " +"one of many necessary preconditions for artistic success.</" +"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1870 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1882 msgid "" "Choosing not to spend time and energy restricting access to your work and " "policing infringement also builds goodwill. Lumen Learning, a for-profit " @@ -2557,23 +2588,23 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1887 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1900 msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 68." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1881 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1893 msgid "" "It is not just that restricting access to your work may undermine your " "social mission. It also may alienate the people who most value your creative " "work. If people like your work, their natural instinct will be to share it " -"with others. But as David Bollier wrote, “Our natural human impulses to " -"imitate and share—the essence of culture—have been " -"criminalized.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"with others. But as David Bollier wrote, <quote>Our natural human impulses " +"to imitate and share—the essence of culture—have been criminalized.</" +"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1891 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1904 msgid "" "The fact that copying can carry criminal penalties undoubtedly deters " "copying it, but copying with the click of a button is too easy and " @@ -2584,46 +2615,46 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1900 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1913 msgid "" "If you take some amount of copying and sharing your work as a given, you can " "invest your time and resources elsewhere, rather than wasting them on " "playing a cat and mouse game with people who want to copy and share your " -"work. Lizzy Jongma from the Rijksmuseum said, “We could spend a lot of money " -"trying to protect works, but people are going to do it anyway. And they will " -"use bad-quality versions.” Instead, they started releasing high-resolution " -"digital copies of their collection into the public domain and making them " -"available for free on their website. For them, sharing was a form of quality " -"control over the copies that were inevitably being shared online. Doing this " -"meant forgoing the revenue they previously got from selling digital images. " -"But Lizzy says that was a small price to pay for all of the opportunities " -"that sharing unlocked for them." +"work. Lizzy Jongma from the Rijksmuseum said, <quote>We could spend a lot of " +"money trying to protect works, but people are going to do it anyway. And " +"they will use bad-quality versions.</quote> Instead, they started releasing " +"high-resolution digital copies of their collection into the public domain " +"and making them available for free on their website. For them, sharing was a " +"form of quality control over the copies that were inevitably being shared " +"online. Doing this meant forgoing the revenue they previously got from " +"selling digital images. But Lizzy says that was a small price to pay for all " +"of the opportunities that sharing unlocked for them." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1920 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1933 msgid "Anderson, Free, 86." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1916 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1929 msgid "" "Being Made with Creative Commons means you stop thinking about ways to " "artificially make your content scarce, and instead leverage it as the " "potentially abundant resource it is.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/" "> When you see information abundance as a feature, not a bug, you start " "thinking about the ways to use the idling capacity of your content to your " -"advantage. As my friend and colleague Eric Steuer once said, “Using CC " -"licenses shows you get the Internet.”" +"advantage. As my friend and colleague Eric Steuer once said, <quote>Using CC " +"licenses shows you get the Internet.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1931 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1944 msgid "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 144." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1928 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1941 msgid "" "Cory Doctorow says it costs him nothing when other people make copies of his " "work, and it opens the possibility that he might get something in return." @@ -2637,19 +2668,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1941 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1954 msgid "" "There are all kinds of way to leverage the power of sharing and remix to " "your benefit. Here are a few." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1945 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1958 msgid "Use CC to grow a larger audience" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1947 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1960 msgid "" "Putting a Creative Commons license on your content won’t make it " "automatically go viral, but eliminating legal barriers to copying the work " @@ -2658,11 +2689,12 @@ msgid "" "the shoulder to those who come across the work—a nudge to copy the work if " "they have any inkling of doing so. All things being equal, if one piece of " "content has a sign that says Share and the other says Don’t Share (which is " -"what “©” means), which do you think people are more likely to share?" +"what <quote>©</quote> means), which do you think people are more likely to " +"share?" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1959 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1972 msgid "" "The Conversation is an online news site with in-depth articles written by " "academics who are experts on particular topics. All of the articles are CC-" @@ -2672,38 +2704,38 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1975 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1989 msgid "Anderson, Free, 123." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1968 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1981 msgid "" "The idea that more eyeballs equates with more success is a form of the max " "strategy, adopted by Google and other technology companies. According to " -"Google’s Eric Schmidt, the idea is simple: “Take whatever it is you are " -"doing and do it at the max in terms of distribution. The other way of saying " -"this is that since marginal cost of distribution is free, you might as well " -"put things everywhere.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> This " -"strategy is what often motivates companies to make their products and " -"services free (i.e., no cost), but the same logic applies to making content " -"freely shareable. Because CC-licensed content is free (as in cost) and can " -"be freely copied, CC licensing makes it even more accessible and likely to " -"spread." +"Google’s Eric Schmidt, the idea is simple: <quote>Take whatever it is you " +"are doing and do it at the max in terms of distribution. The other way of " +"saying this is that since marginal cost of distribution is free, you might " +"as well put things everywhere.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" +"\"0\"/> This strategy is what often motivates companies to make their " +"products and services free (i.e., no cost), but the same logic applies to " +"making content freely shareable. Because CC-licensed content is free (as in " +"cost) and can be freely copied, CC licensing makes it even more accessible " +"and likely to spread." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1989 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2003 msgid "Ibid., 132." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1994 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2008 msgid "Ibid., 70." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1984 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1998 msgid "" "If you are successful in reaching more users, readers, listeners, or other " "consumers of your work, you can start to benefit from the bandwagon effect. " @@ -2715,20 +2747,20 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1999 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2013 msgid "Use CC to get attribution and name recognition" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2013 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2027 msgid "" "James Surowiecki, The Wisdom of Crowds (New York: Anchor Books, 2005), 124. " -"Surowiecki says, “The measure of success of laws and contracts is how rarely " -"they are invoked.”" +"Surowiecki says, <quote>The measure of success of laws and contracts is how " +"rarely they are invoked.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2001 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2015 msgid "" "Every Creative Commons license requires that credit be given to the author, " "and that reusers supply a link back to the original source of the material. " @@ -2746,7 +2778,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2024 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2038 msgid "" "The fact that the name of the creator follows a CC-licensed work makes the " "licenses an important means to develop a reputation or, in corporate speak, " @@ -2761,7 +2793,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2038 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2052 msgid "" "Attribution can be about more than just receiving credit. It can also be " "about establishing provenance. People naturally want to know where content " @@ -2776,7 +2808,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2053 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2067 msgid "" "Knowing the source of a work is also critical to ensuring its credibility. " "Just as a trademark is designed to give consumers a way to identify the " @@ -2787,12 +2819,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2063 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2077 msgid "Use CC-licensed content as a marketing tool" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2065 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2079 msgid "" "As we will cover in more detail later, many endeavors that are Made with " "Creative Commons make money by providing a product or service other than the " @@ -2803,12 +2835,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2087 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2101 msgid "Anderson, Free, 44." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2074 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2088 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched’s Pinter told us she has seen time and again how " "offering CC-licensed content—that is, digitally for free—actually increases " @@ -2825,7 +2857,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2091 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2105 msgid "" "In some cases, endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons do not even " "need dedicated marketing teams or marketing budgets. Cards Against Humanity " @@ -2842,12 +2874,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2108 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2122 msgid "Use CC to enable hands-on engagement with your work" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2111 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2125 msgid "" "The great promise of Creative Commons licensing is that it signifies an " "embrace of remix culture. Indeed, this is the great promise of digital " @@ -2856,12 +2888,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2125 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2139 msgid "Osterwalder and Pigneur, Business Model Generation, 23." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2118 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2132 msgid "" "Four of the six CC licenses enable reusers to take apart, build upon, or " "otherwise adapt the work. Depending on the context, adaptation can mean " @@ -2875,37 +2907,37 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2138 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2152 msgid "Anderson, Free, 67." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2143 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2157 msgid "Ibid., 58." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2146 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2160 msgid "Anderson, Makers, 71." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2151 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2165 msgid "" "Clay Shirky, Cognitive Surplus: How Technology Makes Consumers into " "Collaborators (London: Penguin Books, 2010), 78." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2133 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2147 msgid "" "This is a way to counteract a potential downside of the abundance of free " -"and open content described above. As Anderson wrote in Free, “People often " -"don’t care as much about things they don’t pay for, and as a result they " -"don’t think as much about how they consume them.”<placeholder type=\"footnote" -"\" id=\"0\"/> If even the tiny act of volition of paying one penny for " -"something changes our perception of that thing, then surely the act of " -"remixing it enhances our perception exponentially.<placeholder type=" +"and open content described above. As Anderson wrote in Free, <quote>People " +"often don’t care as much about things they don’t pay for, and as a result " +"they don’t think as much about how they consume them.</quote><placeholder " +"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> If even the tiny act of volition of paying one " +"penny for something changes our perception of that thing, then surely the " +"act of remixing it enhances our perception exponentially.<placeholder type=" "\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> We know that people will pay more for products they " "had a part in creating.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"2\"/> And we know " "that creating something, no matter what quality, brings with it a type of " @@ -2914,34 +2946,34 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2164 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2178 msgid "Ibid., 21." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2157 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2171 msgid "" "Actively engaging with the content helps us avoid the type of aimless " "consumption that anyone who has absentmindedly scrolled through their social-" "media feeds for an hour knows all too well. In his book, Cognitive Surplus, " -"Clay Shirky says, “To participate is to act as if your presence matters, as " -"if, when you see something or hear something, your response is part of the " -"event.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Opening the door to your " -"content can get people more deeply tied to your work." +"Clay Shirky says, <quote>To participate is to act as if your presence " +"matters, as if, when you see something or hear something, your response is " +"part of the event.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Opening " +"the door to your content can get people more deeply tied to your work." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2170 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2184 msgid "Use CC to differentiate yourself" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2179 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2193 msgid "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 43." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2172 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2186 msgid "" "Operating under a traditional copyright regime usually means operating under " "the rules of establishment players in the media. Business strategies that " @@ -2952,25 +2984,26 @@ msgid "" "function without those barriers and, in many cases, use the increased " "openness as a competitive advantage. David Harris from OpenStax said they " "specifically pursue strategies they know that traditional publishers cannot. " -"“Don’t go into a market and play by the incumbent rules,” David said. " -"“Change the rules of engagement.”" +"<quote>Don’t go into a market and play by the incumbent rules,</quote> David " +"said. <quote>Change the rules of engagement.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2191 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2205 msgid "Making Money" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2201 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2215 msgid "" -"William Landes Foster, Peter Kim, and Barbara Christiansen, “Ten Nonprofit " -"Funding Models,” Stanford Social Innovation Review, Spring 2009, <ulink url=" -"\"http://ssir.org/articles/entry/ten_nonprofit_funding_models\"/>." +"William Landes Foster, Peter Kim, and Barbara Christiansen, <quote>Ten " +"Nonprofit Funding Models,</quote> Stanford Social Innovation Review, Spring " +"2009, <ulink url=\"http://ssir.org/articles/entry/" +"ten_nonprofit_funding_models\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2193 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2207 msgid "" "Like any moneymaking endeavor, those that are Made with Creative Commons " "have to generate some type of value for their audience or customers. " @@ -2988,24 +3021,24 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2222 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2236 msgid "Shirky, Cognitive Surplus, 111." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2214 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2228 msgid "" "Most who are Made with Creative Commons use a variety of methods to bring in " "revenue, some market-based and some not. One common strategy is using grant " "funding for content creation when research-and-development costs are " "particularly high, and then finding a different revenue stream (or streams) " -"for ongoing expenses. As Shirky wrote, “The trick is in knowing when markets " -"are an optimal way of organizing interactions and when they are " -"not.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"for ongoing expenses. As Shirky wrote, <quote>The trick is in knowing when " +"markets are an optimal way of organizing interactions and when they are not." +"</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2226 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2240 msgid "" "Our case studies explore in more detail the various revenue-generating " "mechanisms used by the creators, organizations, and businesses we " @@ -3016,24 +3049,24 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2235 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2249 msgid "Market-based revenue streams" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2240 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2254 msgid "Osterwalder and Pigneur, Business Model Generation, 30." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2247 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2261 msgid "" "Jim Whitehurst, The Open Organization: Igniting Passion and Performance " "(Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2015), 202." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2237 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2251 msgid "" "In the market, the central question when determining how to bring in revenue " "is what value people are willing to pay for.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " @@ -3045,12 +3078,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2263 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2277 msgid "Anderson, Free, 71." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2253 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2267 msgid "" "In many ways, this is the way of the future for all content-driven " "endeavors. In the market, value lives in things that are scarce. Because the " @@ -3062,31 +3095,32 @@ msgid "" "or not.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> If people can easily find " "your content for free, getting people to buy it will be difficult, " "particularly in a context where access to content is more important than " -"owning it. In Free, Anderson wrote, “Copyright protection schemes, whether " -"coded into either law or software, are simply holding up a price against the " -"force of gravity.”" +"owning it. In Free, Anderson wrote, <quote>Copyright protection schemes, " +"whether coded into either law or software, are simply holding up a price " +"against the force of gravity.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2282 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2296 msgid "Ibid., 231." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2272 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2286 msgid "" "Of course, this doesn’t mean that content-driven endeavors have no future in " "the traditional marketplace. In Free, Anderson explains how when one product " "or service becomes free, as information and content largely have in the " -"digital age, other things become more valuable. “Every abundance creates a " -"new scarcity,” he wrote. You just have to find some way other than the " -"content to provide value to your audience or customers. As Anderson says, " -"“It’s easy to compete with Free: simply offer something better or at least " -"different from the free version.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"digital age, other things become more valuable. <quote>Every abundance " +"creates a new scarcity,</quote> he wrote. You just have to find some way " +"other than the content to provide value to your audience or customers. As " +"Anderson says, <quote>It’s easy to compete with Free: simply offer something " +"better or at least different from the free version.</quote><placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2286 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2300 msgid "" "In light of this reality, in some ways endeavors that are Made with Creative " "Commons are at a level playing field with all content-based endeavors in the " @@ -3097,7 +3131,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2295 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2309 msgid "" "For content creators and distributors, there are nearly infinite ways to " "provide value to the consumers of your work, above and beyond the value that " @@ -3106,47 +3140,47 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2302 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2316 msgid "Here are the most common high-level categories." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2306 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2320 msgid "" "Providing a custom service to consumers of your work <emphasis>[MARKET-" "BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2316 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2330 msgid "Ibid., 97." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2309 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2323 msgid "" "In this age of information abundance, we don’t lack for content. The trick " "is finding content that matches our needs and wants, so customized services " -"are particularly valuable. As Anderson wrote, “Commodity information " +"are particularly valuable. As Anderson wrote, <quote>Commodity information " "(everybody gets the same version) wants to be free. Customized information " -"(you get something unique and meaningful to you) wants to be " -"expensive.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> This can be anything " -"from the artistic and cultural consulting services provided by Ártica to the " -"custom-song business of Jonathan “Song-A-Day” Mann." +"(you get something unique and meaningful to you) wants to be expensive.</" +"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> This can be anything from " +"the artistic and cultural consulting services provided by Ártica to the " +"custom-song business of Jonathan <quote>Song-A-Day</quote> Mann." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2323 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2338 msgid "Charging for the physical copy <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2330 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2345 msgid "Anderson, Makers, 107." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2326 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2341 msgid "" "In his book about maker culture, Anderson characterizes this model as giving " "away the bits and selling the atoms (where bits refers to digital content " @@ -3170,12 +3204,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2354 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2369 msgid "Charging for the in-person version <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2357 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2372 msgid "" "As anyone who has ever gone to a concert will tell you, experiencing " "creativity in person is a completely different experience from consuming a " @@ -3186,12 +3220,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2368 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2383 msgid "Selling merchandise <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2371 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2386 msgid "" "In many cases, people who like your work will pay for products demonstrating " "a connection to your work. As a child of the 1980s, I can personally attest " @@ -3200,12 +3234,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2388 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2403 msgid "Osterwalder and Pigneur, Business Model Generation, 89." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2378 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2393 msgid "" "Sometimes the way to find a market-based revenue stream is by providing " "value to people other than those who consume your CC-licensed content. In " @@ -3221,22 +3255,22 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2395 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2410 msgid "Charging advertisers or sponsors <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2403 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2418 msgid "Ibid., 92." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2407 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2422 msgid "Anderson, Free, 142." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2398 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2413 msgid "" "The traditional model of subsidizing free content is advertising. In this " "version of multi-sided platforms, advertisers pay for the opportunity to " @@ -3252,36 +3286,36 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2416 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2431 msgid "Charging your content creators <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2419 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2434 msgid "" "Another type of multisided platform is where the content creators themselves " "pay to be featured on the platform. Obviously, this revenue stream is only " "available to those who rely on work created, at least in part, by others. " -"The most well-known version of this model is the “author-processing charge” " -"of open-access journals like those published by the Public Library of " -"Science, but there are other variations. The Conversation is primarily " -"funded by a university-membership model, where universities pay to have " -"their faculties participate as writers of the content on the Conversation " -"website." +"The most well-known version of this model is the <quote>author-processing " +"charge</quote> of open-access journals like those published by the Public " +"Library of Science, but there are other variations. The Conversation is " +"primarily funded by a university-membership model, where universities pay to " +"have their faculties participate as writers of the content on the " +"Conversation website." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2433 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2448 msgid "Charging a transaction fee <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2438 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2453 msgid "Osterwalder and Pigneur, Business Model Generation, 32." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2436 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2451 msgid "" "This is a version of a traditional business model based on brokering " "transactions between parties.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> " @@ -3295,13 +3329,13 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2450 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2465 msgid "" "Providing a service to your creators <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2453 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2468 msgid "" "As mentioned above, endeavors can make money by providing customized " "services to their users. Platforms can undertake a variation of this service " @@ -3312,12 +3346,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2463 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2478 msgid "Licensing a trademark <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2466 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2481 msgid "" "Finally, some that are Made with Creative Commons make money by selling use " "of their trademarks. Well known brands that consumers associate with " @@ -3330,12 +3364,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2478 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2493 msgid "Reciprocity-based revenue streams" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2480 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2495 msgid "" "Even if we set aside grant funding, we found that the traditional economic " "framework of understanding the market failed to fully capture the ways the " @@ -3344,7 +3378,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2487 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2502 msgid "" "Rather than devising a scheme to get people to pay money in exchange for " "some direct value provided to them, many of the revenue streams were more " @@ -3353,32 +3387,32 @@ msgid "" "like traditional nonprofit funding models, they aren’t charity. The endeavor " "exchange value with people, just not necessarily synchronously or in a way " "that requires that those values be equal. As David Bollier wrote in Think " -"Like a Commoner, “There is no self-serving calculation of whether the value " -"given and received is strictly equal.”" +"Like a Commoner, <quote>There is no self-serving calculation of whether the " +"value given and received is strictly equal.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2500 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2515 msgid "" "This should be a familiar dynamic—it is the way you deal with your friends " "and family. We give without regard for what and when we will get back. David " -"Bollier wrote, “Reciprocal social exchange lies at the heart of human " +"Bollier wrote, <quote>Reciprocal social exchange lies at the heart of human " "identity, community and culture. It is a vital brain function that helps the " -"human species survive and evolve.”" +"human species survive and evolve.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2510 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2525 msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 150." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2514 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2529 msgid "Ibid., 134." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2508 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2523 msgid "" "What is rare is to incorporate this sort of relationship into an endeavor " "that also engages with the market.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> " @@ -3388,13 +3422,13 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2519 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2534 msgid "" "Memberships and individual donations <emphasis>[RECIPROCITY-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2522 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2537 msgid "" "While memberships and donations are traditional nonprofit funding models, in " "the Made with Creative Commons context, they are directly tied to the " @@ -3409,30 +3443,30 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2538 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2553 msgid "The pay-what-you-want model <emphasis>[RECIPROCITY-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2541 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2556 msgid "" "In the pay-what-you-want model, the beneficiary of Creative Commons content " "is invited to give—at any amount they can and feel is appropriate, based on " "the public and personal value they feel is generated by the open content. " -"Critically, these models are not touted as “buying” something free. They are " -"similar to a tip jar. People make financial contributions as an act of " -"gratitude. These models capitalize on the fact that we are naturally " -"inclined to give money for things we value in the marketplace, even in " -"situations where we could find a way to get it for free." +"Critically, these models are not touted as <quote>buying</quote> something " +"free. They are similar to a tip jar. People make financial contributions as " +"an act of gratitude. These models capitalize on the fact that we are " +"naturally inclined to give money for things we value in the marketplace, " +"even in situations where we could find a way to get it for free." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2554 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2569 msgid "Crowdfunding <emphasis>[RECIPROCITY-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2557 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2572 msgid "" "Crowdfunding models are based on recouping the costs of creating and " "distributing content before the content is created. If the endeavor is Made " @@ -3442,15 +3476,15 @@ msgid "" "They have to want you to succeed. Amanda Palmer credits the success of her " "crowdfunding on Kickstarter and Patreon to the years she spent building her " "community and creating a connection with her fans. She wrote in The Art of " -"Asking, “Good art is made, good art is shared, help is offered, ears are " -"bent, emotions are exchanged, the compost of real, deep connection is " +"Asking, <quote>Good art is made, good art is shared, help is offered, ears " +"are bent, emotions are exchanged, the compost of real, deep connection is " "sprayed all over the fields. Then one day, the artist steps up and asks for " "something. And if the ground has been fertilized enough, the audience says, " -"without hesitation: of course.”" +"without hesitation: of course.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2575 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2590 msgid "" "Other types of crowdfunding rely on a sense of responsibility that a " "particular community may feel. Knowledge Unlatched pools funds from major U." @@ -3461,39 +3495,40 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2586 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2601 msgid "Making Human Connections" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2588 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2603 msgid "" "Regardless of how they made money, in our interviews, we repeatedly heard " -"language like “persuading people to buy” and “inviting people to pay.” We " -"heard it even in connection with revenue streams that sit squarely within " -"the market. Cory Doctorow told us, “I have to convince my readers that the " -"right thing to do is to pay me.” The founders of the for-profit company " -"Lumen Learning showed us the letter they send to those who opt not to pay " -"for the services they provide in connection with their CC-licensed " -"educational content. It isn’t a cease-and-desist letter; it’s an invitation " -"to pay because it’s the right thing to do. This sort of behavior toward what " -"could be considered nonpaying customers is largely unheard of in the " -"traditional marketplace. But it seems to be part of the fabric of being Made " -"with Creative Commons." +"language like <quote>persuading people to buy</quote> and <quote>inviting " +"people to pay.</quote> We heard it even in connection with revenue streams " +"that sit squarely within the market. Cory Doctorow told us, <quote>I have to " +"convince my readers that the right thing to do is to pay me.</quote> The " +"founders of the for-profit company Lumen Learning showed us the letter they " +"send to those who opt not to pay for the services they provide in connection " +"with their CC-licensed educational content. It isn’t a cease-and-desist " +"letter; it’s an invitation to pay because it’s the right thing to do. This " +"sort of behavior toward what could be considered nonpaying customers is " +"largely unheard of in the traditional marketplace. But it seems to be part " +"of the fabric of being Made with Creative Commons." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2604 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2620 msgid "" "Nearly every endeavor we profiled relied, at least in part, on people being " "invested in what they do. The closer the Creative Commons content is to " -"being “the product,” the more pronounced this dynamic has to be. Rather than " -"simply selling a product or service, they are making ideological, personal, " -"and creative connections with the people who value what they do." +"being <quote>the product,</quote> the more pronounced this dynamic has to " +"be. Rather than simply selling a product or service, they are making " +"ideological, personal, and creative connections with the people who value " +"what they do." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2612 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2628 msgid "" "It took me a very long time to see how this avoidance of thinking about what " "they do in pure market terms was deeply tied to being Made with Creative " @@ -3501,7 +3536,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2617 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2633 msgid "" "I came to the research with preconceived notions about what Creative Commons " "is and what it means to be Made with Creative Commons. It turned out I was " @@ -3509,7 +3544,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2622 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2638 msgid "" "Obviously, being Made with Creative Commons means using Creative Commons " "licenses. That much I knew. But in our interviews, people spoke of so much " @@ -3522,7 +3557,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2633 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2649 msgid "" "Being Made with Creative Commons is not just about the simple act of " "licensing a copyrighted work under a set of standardized terms, but also " @@ -3537,7 +3572,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2647 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2663 msgid "" "The rest of this section will explore some of the common strategies that " "creators, companies, and organizations use to remind us that there are " @@ -3546,19 +3581,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2654 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2670 msgid "Be human" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2658 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2674 msgid "" "Dan Ariely, Predictably Irrational: The Hidden Forces That Shape Our " "Decisions, rev. ed. (New York: Harper Perennial, 2010), 109." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2656 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2672 msgid "" "Humans are social animals, which means we are naturally inclined to treat " "each other well.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> But the further " @@ -3569,100 +3604,101 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2682 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2698 msgid "" "Austin Kleon, Show Your Work: 10 Ways to Share Your Creativity and Get " "Discovered (New York: Workman, 2014), 93." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2669 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2685 msgid "" "To counteract the anonymous and impersonal tendencies of how we operate " "online, individual creators and corporations who use Creative Commons " "licenses work to demonstrate their humanity. For some, this means pouring " "their lives out on the page. For others, it means showing their creative " "process, giving a glimpse into how they do what they do. As writer Austin " -"Kleon wrote, “Our work doesn’t speak for itself. Human beings want to know " -"where things came from, how they were made, and who made them. The stories " -"you tell about the work you do have a huge effect on how people feel and " -"what they understand about your work, and how people feel and what they " -"understand about your work affects how they value it.”<placeholder type=" -"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"Kleon wrote, <quote>Our work doesn’t speak for itself. Human beings want to " +"know where things came from, how they were made, and who made them. The " +"stories you tell about the work you do have a huge effect on how people feel " +"and what they understand about your work, and how people feel and what they " +"understand about your work affects how they value it.</quote><placeholder " +"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2688 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2704 msgid "" "A critical component to doing this effectively is not worrying about being a " -"“brand.” That means not being afraid to be vulnerable. Amanda Palmer says, " -"“When you’re afraid of someone’s judgment, you can’t connect with them. " -"You’re too preoccupied with the task of impressing them.” Not everyone is " -"suited to live life as an open book like Palmer, and that’s OK. There are a " -"lot of ways to be human. The trick is just avoiding pretense and the " -"temptation to artificially craft an image. People don’t just want the glossy " -"version of you. They can’t relate to it, at least not in a meaningful way." +"<quote>brand.</quote> That means not being afraid to be vulnerable. Amanda " +"Palmer says, <quote>When you’re afraid of someone’s judgment, you can’t " +"connect with them. You’re too preoccupied with the task of impressing them.</" +"quote> Not everyone is suited to live life as an open book like Palmer, and " +"that’s OK. There are a lot of ways to be human. The trick is just avoiding " +"pretense and the temptation to artificially craft an image. People don’t " +"just want the glossy version of you. They can’t relate to it, at least not " +"in a meaningful way." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2708 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2725 msgid "Kramer, Shareology, 76." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2700 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2717 msgid "" "This advice is probably even more important for businesses and organizations " "because we instinctively conceive of them as nonhuman (though in the United " "States, corporations are people!). When corporations and organizations make " "the people behind them more apparent, it reminds people that they are " "dealing with something other than an anonymous corporate entity. In business-" -"speak, this is about “humanizing your interactions” with the public." -"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> But it can’t be a gimmick. You " -"can’t fake being human." +"speak, this is about <quote>humanizing your interactions</quote> with the " +"public.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> But it can’t be a gimmick. " +"You can’t fake being human." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2714 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2731 msgid "Be open and accountable" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2723 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2740 msgid "Palmer, Art of Asking, 252." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2728 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2745 msgid "Whitehurst, Open Organization, 145." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2716 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2733 msgid "" "Transparency helps people understand who you are and why you do what you do, " "but it also inspires trust. Max Temkin of Cards Against Humanity told us, " -"“One of the most surprising things you can do in capitalism is just be " -"honest with people.” That means sharing the good and the bad. As Amanda " -"Palmer wrote, “You can fix almost anything by authentically " -"communicating.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> It isn’t about " -"trying to satisfy everyone or trying to sugarcoat mistakes or bad news, but " -"instead about explaining your rationale and then being prepared to defend it " -"when people are critical.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" +"<quote>One of the most surprising things you can do in capitalism is just be " +"honest with people.</quote> That means sharing the good and the bad. As " +"Amanda Palmer wrote, <quote>You can fix almost anything by authentically " +"communicating.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> It isn’t " +"about trying to satisfy everyone or trying to sugarcoat mistakes or bad " +"news, but instead about explaining your rationale and then being prepared to " +"defend it when people are critical.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2737 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2754 msgid "Surowiecki, Wisdom of Crowds, 203." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2744 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2761 msgid "Whitehurst, Open Organization, 80." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2732 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2749 msgid "" "Being accountable does not mean operating on consensus. According to James " "Surowiecki, consensus-driven groups tend to resort to lowest-common-" @@ -3679,22 +3715,22 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2752 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2769 msgid "Design for the good actors" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2756 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2773 msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 25." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2761 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2778 msgid "Ibid., 31." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2754 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2771 msgid "" "Traditional economics assumes people make decisions based solely on their " "own economic self-interest.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Any " @@ -3703,82 +3739,82 @@ msgid "" "In fact, we are hardwired to work together and ensure fairness.<placeholder " "type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> Being Made with Creative Commons requires an " "assumption that people will largely act on those social motivations, " -"motivations that would be considered “irrational” in an economic sense. As " -"Knowledge Unlatched’s Pinter told us, “It is best to ignore people who try " -"to scare you about free riding. That fear is based on a very shallow view of " -"what motivates human behavior.” There will always be people who will act in " -"purely selfish ways, but endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons " -"design for the good actors." +"motivations that would be considered <quote>irrational</quote> in an " +"economic sense. As Knowledge Unlatched’s Pinter told us, <quote>It is best " +"to ignore people who try to scare you about free riding. That fear is based " +"on a very shallow view of what motivates human behavior.</quote> There will " +"always be people who will act in purely selfish ways, but endeavors that are " +"Made with Creative Commons design for the good actors." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2779 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2797 msgid "Shirky, Cognitive Surplus, 112." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2773 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2791 msgid "" "The assumption that people will largely do the right thing can be a self-" -"fulfilling prophecy. Shirky wrote in Cognitive Surplus, “Systems that assume " -"people will act in ways that create public goods, and that give them " +"fulfilling prophecy. Shirky wrote in Cognitive Surplus, <quote>Systems that " +"assume people will act in ways that create public goods, and that give them " "opportunities and rewards for doing so, often let them work together better " -"than neoclassical economics would predict.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" -"\"0\"/> When we acknowledge that people are often motivated by something " -"other than financial self-interest, we design our endeavors in ways that " -"encourage and accentuate our social instincts." +"than neoclassical economics would predict.</quote><placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> When we acknowledge that people are often motivated " +"by something other than financial self-interest, we design our endeavors in " +"ways that encourage and accentuate our social instincts." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2796 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2815 msgid "Surowiecki, Wisdom of Crowds, 124." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2786 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2804 msgid "" "Rather than trying to exert control over people’s behavior, this mode of " "operating requires a certain level of trust. We might not realize it, but " "our daily lives are already built on trust. As Surowiecki wrote in The " -"Wisdom of Crowds, “It’s impossible for a society to rely on law alone to " -"make sure citizens act honestly and responsibly. And it’s impossible for any " -"organization to rely on contracts alone to make sure that its managers and " -"workers live up to their obligation.” Instead, we largely trust that people—" -"mostly strangers—will do what they are supposed to do.<placeholder type=" -"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> And most often, they do." +"Wisdom of Crowds, <quote>It’s impossible for a society to rely on law alone " +"to make sure citizens act honestly and responsibly. And it’s impossible for " +"any organization to rely on contracts alone to make sure that its managers " +"and workers live up to their obligation.</quote> Instead, we largely trust " +"that people—mostly strangers—will do what they are supposed to do." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> And most often, they do." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2801 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2820 msgid "Treat humans like, well, humans" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2806 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2825 msgid "Kleon, Show Your Work, 127." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2814 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2833 msgid "Palmer, Art of Asking, 121." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2803 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2822 msgid "" "For creators, treating people as humans means not treating them like fans. " -"As Kleon says, “If you want fans, you have to be a fan first.”<placeholder " -"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Even if you happen to be one of the few to " -"reach celebrity levels of fame, you are better off remembering that the " -"people who follow your work are human, too. Cory Doctorow makes a point to " -"answer every single email someone sends him. Amanda Palmer spends vast " -"quantities of time going online to communicate with her public, making a " -"point to listen just as much as she talks.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" -"\"1\"/>" +"As Kleon says, <quote>If you want fans, you have to be a fan first.</" +"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Even if you happen to be one " +"of the few to reach celebrity levels of fame, you are better off remembering " +"that the people who follow your work are human, too. Cory Doctorow makes a " +"point to answer every single email someone sends him. Amanda Palmer spends " +"vast quantities of time going online to communicate with her public, making " +"a point to listen just as much as she talks.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " +"id=\"1\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2818 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2837 msgid "" "The same idea goes for businesses and organizations. Rather than automating " "its customer service, the music platform Tribe of Noise makes a point to " @@ -3786,17 +3822,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2829 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2848 msgid "Ariely, Predictably Irrational, 87." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2839 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2858 msgid "Ibid., 105." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2824 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2843 msgid "" "When we treat people like humans, they typically return the gift in kind. " "It’s called karma. But social relationships are fragile. It is all too easy " @@ -3812,12 +3848,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2844 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2863 msgid "State your principles and stick to them" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2846 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2865 msgid "" "Being Made with Creative Commons makes a statement about who you are and " "what you do. The symbolism is powerful. Using Creative Commons licenses " @@ -3830,7 +3866,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2858 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2877 msgid "" "The expression of your values doesn’t have to be implicit. In fact, many of " "the people we interviewed talked about how important it is to state your " @@ -3843,12 +3879,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2873 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2892 msgid "Ibid., 36." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2869 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2888 msgid "" "When your end goal is not about making a profit, people trust that you " "aren’t just trying to extract value for your own gain. People notice when " @@ -3858,19 +3894,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2879 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2898 msgid "Build a community" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2887 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2906 msgid "" "Jono Bacon, The Art of Community, 2nd ed. (Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, " "2012), 36." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2881 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2900 msgid "" "Endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons thrive when community is built " "around what they do. This may mean a community collaborating together to " @@ -3883,109 +3919,112 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2903 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2922 msgid "Palmer, Art of Asking, 98." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2910 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2929 msgid "Whitehurst, Open Organization, 34." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2895 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2914 msgid "" "To be sustainable, though, you have to work to nurture community. People " "have to care—about you and each other. One critical piece to this is " "fostering a sense of belonging. As Jono Bacon writes in The Art of " -"Community, “If there is no belonging, there is no community.” For Amanda " -"Palmer and her band, that meant creating an accepting and inclusive " -"environment where people felt a part of their “weird little " -"family.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> For organizations like Red " -"Hat, that means connecting around common beliefs or goals. As the CEO Jim " -"Whitehurst wrote in The Open Organization, “Tapping into passion is " -"especially important in building the kinds of participative communities that " -"drive open organizations.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" +"Community, <quote>If there is no belonging, there is no community.</quote> " +"For Amanda Palmer and her band, that meant creating an accepting and " +"inclusive environment where people felt a part of their <quote>weird little " +"family.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> For organizations " +"like Red Hat, that means connecting around common beliefs or goals. As the " +"CEO Jim Whitehurst wrote in The Open Organization, <quote>Tapping into " +"passion is especially important in building the kinds of participative " +"communities that drive open organizations.</quote><placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2922 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2941 msgid "Surowiecki, Wisdom of Crowds, 200." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2926 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2945 msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 29." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2914 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2933 msgid "" "Communities that collaborate together take deliberate planning. Surowiecki " -"wrote, “It takes a lot of work to put the group together. It’s difficult to " -"ensure that people are working in the group’s interest and not in their own. " -"And when there’s a lack of trust between the members of the group (which " -"isn’t surprising given that they don’t really know each other), considerable " -"energy is wasted trying to determine each other’s bona fides.”<placeholder " -"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Building true community requires giving people " -"within the community the power to create or influence the rules that govern " -"the community.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> If the rules are " -"created and imposed in a top-down manner, people feel like they don’t have a " -"voice, which in turn leads to disengagement." +"wrote, <quote>It takes a lot of work to put the group together. It’s " +"difficult to ensure that people are working in the group’s interest and not " +"in their own. And when there’s a lack of trust between the members of the " +"group (which isn’t surprising given that they don’t really know each other), " +"considerable energy is wasted trying to determine each other’s bona fides.</" +"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Building true community " +"requires giving people within the community the power to create or influence " +"the rules that govern the community.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/" +"> If the rules are created and imposed in a top-down manner, people feel " +"like they don’t have a voice, which in turn leads to disengagement." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2932 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2951 msgid "" "Community takes work, but working together, or even simply being connected " "around common interests or values, is in many ways what sharing is about." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2938 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2957 msgid "Give more to the commons than you take" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2949 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2968 msgid "" -"Giana Eckhardt and Fleura Bardhi, “The Sharing Economy Isn’t about Sharing " -"at All,” Harvard Business Review (website), January 28, 2015, <ulink url=" -"\"http://hbr.org/2015/01/the-sharing-economy-isnt-about-sharing-at-all\"/>." +"Giana Eckhardt and Fleura Bardhi, <quote>The Sharing Economy Isn’t about " +"Sharing at All,</quote> Harvard Business Review (website), January 28, 2015, " +"<ulink url=\"http://hbr.org/2015/01/the-sharing-economy-isnt-about-sharing-" +"at-all\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2957 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2976 msgid "" "Lisa Gansky, The Mesh: Why the Future of Business Is Sharing, reprint with " "new epilogue (New York: Portfolio, 2012)." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2940 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2959 msgid "" "Conventional wisdom in the marketplace dictates that people should try to " "extract as much money as possible from resources. This is essentially what " "defines so much of the so-called sharing economy. In an article on the " -"Harvard Business Review website called “The Sharing Economy Isn’t about " -"Sharing at All,” authors Giana Eckhardt and Fleura Bardhi explained how the " -"anonymous market-driven trans-actions in most sharing-economy businesses are " -"purely about monetizing access.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> As " -"Lisa Gansky put it in her book The Mesh, the primary strategy of the sharing " -"economy is to sell the same product multiple times, by selling access rather " -"than ownership.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> That is not sharing." +"Harvard Business Review website called <quote>The Sharing Economy Isn’t " +"about Sharing at All,</quote> authors Giana Eckhardt and Fleura Bardhi " +"explained how the anonymous market-driven trans-actions in most sharing-" +"economy businesses are purely about monetizing access.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> As Lisa Gansky put it in her book The Mesh, the " +"primary strategy of the sharing economy is to sell the same product multiple " +"times, by selling access rather than ownership.<placeholder type=\"footnote" +"\" id=\"1\"/> That is not sharing." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2973 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2992 msgid "" -"David Lee, “Inside Medium: An Attempt to Bring Civility to the Internet,” " -"BBC News, March 3, 2016, <ulink url=\"http://www.bbc.com/news/" -"technology-35709680\"/>." +"David Lee, <quote>Inside Medium: An Attempt to Bring Civility to the " +"Internet,</quote> BBC News, March 3, 2016, <ulink url=\"http://www.bbc.com/" +"news/technology-35709680\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2963 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2982 msgid "" "Sharing requires adding as much or more value to the ecosystem than you " "take. You can’t simply treat open content as a free pool of resources from " @@ -4001,7 +4040,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2982 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3001 msgid "" "In all cases, it is important to openly acknowledge the amount of value you " "add versus that which you draw on that was created by others. Being " @@ -4013,28 +4052,28 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2993 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3012 msgid "Involve people in what you do" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2998 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3017 msgid "Anderson, Makers, 148." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3002 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3021 msgid "Shirky, Cognitive Surplus, 164." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3009 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3073 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3028 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3092 msgid "Whitehurst, foreword to Open Organization." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2995 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3014 msgid "" "Thanks to the Internet, we can tap into the talents and expertise of people " "around the globe. Chris Anderson calls it the Long Tail of talent." @@ -4050,12 +4089,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3022 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3041 msgid "Shirky, Cognitive Surplus, 144." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3013 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3032 msgid "" "As the success of Wikipedia demonstrates, editing an online encyclopedia is " "exactly the sort of activity that is perfect for massive co-creation because " @@ -4067,25 +4106,25 @@ msgid "" "\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3034 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><quote><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3053 msgid "Ibid., 154." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3046 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3065 msgid "Palmer, Art of Asking, 163." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3026 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3045 msgid "" "It is easy to romanticize the opportunities for global cocreation made " "possible by the Internet, and, indeed, the successful examples of it are " "truly incredible and inspiring. But in a wide range of circumstances—" "perhaps more often than not—community cocreation is not part of the " "equation, even within endeavors built on CC content. Shirky wrote, " -"“Sometimes the value of professional work trumps the value of amateur " +"<quote>Sometimes the value of professional work trumps the value of amateur " "sharing or a feeling of belonging.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> " "The textbook publisher OpenStax, which distributes all of its material for " "free under CC licensing, is an example of this dynamic. Rather than tapping " @@ -4095,45 +4134,46 @@ msgid "" "community cocreation is only rarely a part of the picture. Even musician " "Amanda Palmer, who is famous for her openness and involvement with her fans, " "said, “The only department where I wasn’t open to input was the writing, the " -"music itself.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" +"music itself.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3057 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3076 msgid "Anderson, Makers, 173." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3064 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3083 msgid "" "Tom Kelley and David Kelley, Creative Confidence: Unleashing the Potential " "within Us All (New York: Crown, 2013), 82." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3050 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3069 msgid "" "While we tend to immediately think of cocreation and remixing when we hear " "the word collaboration, you can also involve others in your creative process " "in more informal ways, by sharing half-baked ideas and early drafts, and " "interacting with the public to incubate ideas and get feedback. So-called " -"“making in public” opens the door to letting people feel more invested in " -"your creative work.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> And it shows a " -"nonterritorial approach to ideas and information. Stephen Covey (of The 7 " -"Habits of Highly Effective People fame) calls this the abundance mentality—" -"treating ideas like something plentiful—and it can create an environment " -"where collaboration flourishes.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" +"<quote>making in public</quote> opens the door to letting people feel more " +"invested in your creative work.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> And " +"it shows a nonterritorial approach to ideas and information. Stephen Covey " +"(of The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People fame) calls this the abundance " +"mentality—treating ideas like something plentiful—and it can create an " +"environment where collaboration flourishes.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" +"\"1\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3081 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3100 msgid "" "Rachel Botsman and Roo Rogers, What’s Mine Is Yours: The Rise of " "Collaborative Consumption (New York: Harper Business, 2010), 188." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3070 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3089 msgid "" "There is no one way to involve people in what you do. They key is finding a " "way for people to contribute on their terms, compelled by their own " @@ -4147,13 +4187,13 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3090 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3109 #, fuzzy msgid "The Creative Commons Licenses" msgstr "## Gemaakt met Creative Commons" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3092 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3111 msgid "" "All of the Creative Commons licenses grant a basic set of permissions. At a " "minimum, a CC- licensed work can be copied and shared in its original form " @@ -4168,17 +4208,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3106 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3125 msgid "Here are the six licenses:" msgstr "" -#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><informalfigure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3111 +#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3130 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001930000008D83BF99FC0821C489.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3119 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3128 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3142 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3158 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3170 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3183 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3196 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3216 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3228 +msgid "<placeholder type=\"inlinemediaobject\" id=\"0\"/>" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3135 msgid "" "The Attribution license (CC BY) lets others distribute, remix, tweak, and " "build upon your work, even commercially, as long as they credit you for the " @@ -4186,42 +4238,42 @@ msgid "" "Recommended for maximum dissemination and use of licensed materials." msgstr "" -#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><informalfigure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3128 +#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3144 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001930000008DFD3592CB17C4EC38.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3136 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3149 msgid "" "The Attribution-Share-Alike license (CC BY-SA) lets others remix, tweak, and " "build upon your work, even for commercial purposes, as long as they credit " "you and license their new creations under identical terms. This license is " -"often compared to “copyleft” free and open source software licenses. All new " -"works based on yours will carry the same license, so any derivatives will " -"also allow commercial use." +"often compared to <quote>copyleft</quote> free and open source software " +"licenses. All new works based on yours will carry the same license, so any " +"derivatives will also allow commercial use." msgstr "" -#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><informalfigure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3147 +#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3160 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001930000008D254882DE24793FEA.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3155 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3165 msgid "" "The Attribution-NoDerivs license (CC BY-ND) allows for redistribution, " "commercial and noncommercial, as long as it is passed along unchanged with " "credit to you." msgstr "" -#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><informalfigure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3162 +#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3172 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001930000008DCAF78FB61D1CBDA6.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3170 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3177 msgid "" "The Attribution-NonCommercial license (CC BY-NC) lets others remix, tweak, " "and build upon your work noncommercially. Although their new works must also " @@ -4229,26 +4281,26 @@ msgid "" "same terms." msgstr "" -#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><informalfigure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3178 +#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3185 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001930000008D16DA603376395620.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3186 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3190 msgid "" "The Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license (CC BY-NC-SA) lets others " "remix, tweak, and build upon your work noncommercially, as long as they " "credit you and license their new creations under the same terms." msgstr "" -#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><informalfigure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3194 +#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3198 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001930000008DC3FEF92B21310965.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3202 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3203 msgid "" "The Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs license (CC BY-NC-ND) is the most " "restrictive of our six main licenses, only allowing others to download your " @@ -4257,39 +4309,39 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3209 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3210 msgid "" "In addition to these six licenses, Creative Commons has two public-domain " "tools—one for creators and the other for those who manage collections of " "existing works by authors whose terms of copyright have expired:" msgstr "" -#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><informalfigure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3217 +#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3218 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001900000008DBE3414994CD27786.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3225 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3223 msgid "" "CC0 enables authors and copyright owners to dedicate their works to the " -"worldwide public domain (“no rights reserved”)." +"worldwide public domain (<quote>no rights reserved</quote>)." msgstr "" -#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><informalfigure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3231 +#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3230 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001900000008D36DCD649C5B1411F.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3239 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3235 msgid "" "The Creative Commons Public Domain Mark facilitates the labeling and " "discovery of works that are already free of known copyright restrictions." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3244 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3240 msgid "" "In our case studies, some use just one Creative Commons license, others use " "several. Attribution (found in thirteen case studies) and Attribution-" @@ -4302,7 +4354,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3255 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3251 msgid "" "There is a popular misconception that the three NonCommercial licenses " "offered by CC are the only options for those who want to make money off " @@ -4317,7 +4369,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3269 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3265 msgid "" "The decision to choose a NonCommercial and/or NoDerivs license comes down to " "how much you need to retain control over the creative work. The " @@ -4332,7 +4384,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3282 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3278 msgid "" "Other times the decision to use a more restrictive license is due to a " "concern about the integrity of the work. For example, the nonprofit " @@ -4341,7 +4393,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3289 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3285 msgid "" "There is no one right way. The NonCommercial and NoDerivs restrictions " "reflect the values and preferences of creators about how their creative work " @@ -4355,25 +4407,26 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3301 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3297 msgid "Note" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3304 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3300 msgid "" "For more about the licenses including examples and tips on sharing your work " -"in the digital commons, start with the Creative Commons page called “Share " -"Your Work” at <ulink url=\"http://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/\"/>." +"in the digital commons, start with the Creative Commons page called " +"<quote>Share Your Work</quote> at <ulink url=\"http://creativecommons.org/" +"share-your-work/\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3312 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3308 msgid "The Case Studies" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3315 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3311 msgid "" "The twenty-four case studies in this section were chosen from hundreds of " "nominations received from Kickstarter backers, Creative Commons staff, and " @@ -4385,7 +4438,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3325 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3321 msgid "" "We did background research and conducted interviews for each case study, " "based on the same set of basic questions about the endeavor. The idea for " @@ -4395,24 +4448,24 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3333 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3329 msgid "Arduino" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3336 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3332 msgid "" "Arduino is a for-profit open-source electronics platform and computer " "hardware and software company. Founded in 2005 in Italy." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3341 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3337 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.arduino.cc\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3343 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3339 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for physical " "copies (sales of boards, modules, shields, and kits), licensing a trademark " @@ -4420,38 +4473,38 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3348 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4189 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3344 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4195 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 4, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3351 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3347 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: David Cuartielles and Tom " "Igoe, cofounders" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3355 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4196 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4627 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4868 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5149 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5458 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5968 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6221 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6542 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6893 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7433 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7717 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8181 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8957 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3351 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4202 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4638 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4880 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5162 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5472 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5985 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6239 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6561 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6913 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7457 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7741 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8211 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8992 msgid "Profile written by Paul Stacey" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3359 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3355 msgid "" "In 2005, at the Interaction Design Institute Ivrea in northern Italy, " "teachers and students needed an easy way to use electronics and programming " @@ -4467,7 +4520,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3373 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3369 msgid "" "Arduino boards are able to read inputs—light on a sensor, a finger on a " "button, or a Twitter message—and turn it into outputs—activating a motor, " @@ -4478,29 +4531,30 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3383 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3378 msgid "" -"“The reasons for making Arduino open source are complicated,” Tom says. " -"Partly it was about supporting flexibility. The open-source nature of " -"Arduino empowers users to modify it and create a lot of different " -"variations, adding on top of what the founders build. David says this " -"“ended up strengthening the platform far beyond what we had even thought of " -"building.”" +"<quote>The reasons for making Arduino open source are complicated,</quote> " +"Tom says. Partly it was about supporting flexibility. The open-source nature " +"of Arduino empowers users to modify it and create a lot of different " +"variations, adding on top of what the founders build. David says this " +"<quote>ended up strengthening the platform far beyond what we had even " +"thought of building.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3391 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3387 msgid "" "For Tom another factor was the impending closure of the Ivrea design school. " "He’d seen other organizations close their doors and all their work and " "research just disappear. Open-sourcing ensured that Arduino would outlive " "the Ivrea closure. Persistence is one thing Tom really likes about open " "source. If key people leave, or a company shuts down, an open-source product " -"lives on. In Tom’s view, “Open sourcing makes it easier to trust a product.”" +"lives on. In Tom’s view, <quote>Open sourcing makes it easier to trust a " +"product.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3400 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3397 msgid "" "With the school closing, David and some of the other Arduino founders " "started a consulting firm and multidisciplinary design studio they called " @@ -4511,17 +4565,18 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3409 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3406 msgid "" "For Tom, part of Arduino’s success is because the founders made themselves " "the first customer of their product. They made products they themselves " -"personally wanted. It was a matter of “I need this thing,” not “If we make " -"this, we’ll make a lot of money.” Tom notes that being your own first " -"customer makes you more confident and convincing at selling your product." +"personally wanted. It was a matter of <quote>I need this thing,</quote> not " +"<quote>If we make this, we’ll make a lot of money.</quote> Tom notes that " +"being your own first customer makes you more confident and convincing at " +"selling your product." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3417 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3414 msgid "" "Arduino’s business model has evolved over time—and Tom says model is a " "grandiose term for it. Originally, they just wanted to make a few boards and " @@ -4536,7 +4591,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3431 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3428 msgid "" "Arduino now has a worldwide community of makers—students, hobbyists, " "artists, programmers, and professionals. Arduino provides a wiki called " @@ -4552,7 +4607,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3445 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3442 msgid "" "Transitioning Arduino from a project to a company was a big step. Other " "businesses who made boards were charging a lot of money for them. Arduino " @@ -4563,17 +4618,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3453 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3450 msgid "" "For a business, getting to the end of the year and not being in the red is a " "success. Arduino may have an open-licensing strategy, but they are still a " "business, and all the things needed to successfully run one still apply. " -"David says, “If you do those other things well, sharing things in an open-" -"source way can only help you.”" +"David says, <quote>If you do those other things well, sharing things in an " +"open-source way can only help you.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3461 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3458 msgid "" "While openly licensing the designs, documentation, and software ensures " "longevity, it does have risks. There’s a possibility that others will create " @@ -4587,7 +4642,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3473 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3470 msgid "" "Tom and David say that a lot of people have built companies off of Arduino, " "with dozens of Arduino derivatives out there. But in contrast to closed " @@ -4600,12 +4655,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3493 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3490 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Products\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3484 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3481 msgid "" "Over time, the range of Arduino products has diversified, changing and " "adapting to new needs and challenges. In addition to simple entry level " @@ -4619,21 +4674,22 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3496 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3493 msgid "" "Arduino’s focus is on high-quality boards, well-designed support materials, " "and the building of community; this focus is one of the keys to their " "success. And being open lets you build a real community. David says " "Arduino’s community is a big strength and something that really does matter—" -"in his words, “It’s good business.” When they started, the Arduino team had " -"almost entirely no idea how to build a community. They started by conducting " -"numerous workshops, working directly with people using the platform to make " -"sure the hardware and software worked the way it was meant to work and " -"solved people’s problems. The community grew organically from there." +"in his words, <quote>It’s good business.</quote> When they started, the " +"Arduino team had almost entirely no idea how to build a community. They " +"started by conducting numerous workshops, working directly with people using " +"the platform to make sure the hardware and software worked the way it was " +"meant to work and solved people’s problems. The community grew organically " +"from there." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3509 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3506 msgid "" "A key decision for Arduino was trademarking the name. The founders needed a " "way to guarantee to people that they were buying a quality product from a " @@ -4647,7 +4703,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3521 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3518 msgid "" "Current official manufacturers are Smart Projects in Italy, SparkFun in the " "United States, and Dog Hunter in Taiwan/China. These are the only " @@ -4659,7 +4715,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3531 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3528 msgid "" "How far to open things up wasn’t always something the founders perfectly " "agreed on. David, who was always one to advocate for opening things up more, " @@ -4670,12 +4726,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3552 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3549 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://blog.arduino.cc/2013/07/10/send-in-the-clones/\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3540 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3537 msgid "" "David encourages people and businesses to start by sharing everything as a " "default strategy, and then think about whether there is anything that really " @@ -4683,36 +4739,37 @@ msgid "" "certain elements. This strategy of sharing everything is certainly the " "complete opposite of how today’s world operates, where nothing is shared. " "Tom suggests a business formalize which elements are based on open sharing " -"and which are closed. An Arduino blog post from 2013 entitled “Send In the " -"Clones,” by one of the founders Massimo Banzi, does a great job of " -"explaining the full complexities of how trademarking their brand has played " -"out, distinguishing between official boards and those that are clones, " -"derivatives, compatibles, and counterfeits.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" -"\"0\"/>" +"and which are closed. An Arduino blog post from 2013 entitled <quote>Send In " +"the Clones,</quote> by one of the founders Massimo Banzi, does a great job " +"of explaining the full complexities of how trademarking their brand has " +"played out, distinguishing between official boards and those that are " +"clones, derivatives, compatibles, and counterfeits.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3555 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3552 msgid "" "For David, an exciting aspect of Arduino is the way lots of people can use " "it to adapt technology in many different ways. Technology is always making " "more things possible but doesn’t always focus on making it easy to use and " -"adapt. This is where Arduino steps in. Arduino’s goal is “making things " -"that help other people make things.”" +"adapt. This is where Arduino steps in. Arduino’s goal is <quote>making " +"things that help other people make things.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3563 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3560 msgid "" "Arduino has been hugely successful in making technology and electronics " -"reach a larger audience. For Tom, Arduino has been about “the " -"democratization of technology.” Tom sees Arduino’s open-source strategy as " -"helping the world get over the idea that technology has to be protected. Tom " -"says, “Technology is a literacy everyone should learn.”" +"reach a larger audience. For Tom, Arduino has been about <quote>the " +"democratization of technology.</quote> Tom sees Arduino’s open-source " +"strategy as helping the world get over the idea that technology has to be " +"protected. Tom says, <quote>Technology is a literacy everyone should learn.</" +"quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3571 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3568 msgid "" "Ultimately, for Arduino, going open has been good business—good for product " "development, good for distribution, good for pricing, and good for " @@ -4720,12 +4777,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3577 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3574 msgid "Ártica" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3580 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3577 msgid "" "Ártica provides online courses and consulting services focused on how to use " "digital technology to share knowledge and enable collaboration in arts and " @@ -4733,45 +4790,45 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3585 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3582 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.articaonline.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3587 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3584 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for custom " "services" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3590 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3587 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: March 9, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3592 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3589 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: Mariana Fossatti and " "Jorge Gemetto, cofounders" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3596 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3783 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3975 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4394 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5760 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7204 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7985 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8507 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8728 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9194 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3593 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3784 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3980 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4401 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5774 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7225 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8009 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8537 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8759 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9230 msgid "Profile written by Sarah Hinchliff Pearson" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3600 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3597 msgid "" "The story of Mariana Fossatti and Jorge Gemetto’s business, Ártica, is the " "ultimate example of DIY. Not only are they successful entrepreneurs, the " @@ -4780,12 +4837,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3606 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3603 msgid "Their dream jobs didn’t exist, so they created them." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3609 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3606 msgid "" "In 2011, Mariana was a sociologist working for an international organization " "to develop research and online education about rural-development issues. " @@ -4798,7 +4855,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3621 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3618 msgid "" "Ártica feels like a uniquely twenty-first century business. The small " "company has a global online presence with no physical offices. Jorge and " @@ -4813,30 +4870,31 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3634 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3631 msgid "" "Ártica offers personalized education and consulting services, and helps " "clients implement projects. All of these services are customized. They call " -"it an “artisan” process because of the time and effort it takes to adapt " -"their work for the particular needs of students and clients. “Each student " -"or client is paying for a specific solution to his or her problems and " -"questions,” Mariana said. Rather than sell access to their content, they " -"provide it for free and charge for the personalized services." +"it an <quote>artisan</quote> process because of the time and effort it takes " +"to adapt their work for the particular needs of students and clients. " +"<quote>Each student or client is paying for a specific solution to his or " +"her problems and questions,</quote> Mariana said. Rather than sell access to " +"their content, they provide it for free and charge for the personalized " +"services." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3644 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3642 msgid "" "When they started, they offered a smaller number of courses designed to " -"attract large audiences. “Over the years, we realized that online " -"communities are more specific than we thought,” Mariana said. Ártica now " -"provides more options for classes and has lower enrollment in each course. " -"This means they can provide more attention to individual students and offer " -"classes on more specialized topics." +"attract large audiences. <quote>Over the years, we realized that online " +"communities are more specific than we thought,</quote> Mariana said. Ártica " +"now provides more options for classes and has lower enrollment in each " +"course. This means they can provide more attention to individual students " +"and offer classes on more specialized topics." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3653 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3651 msgid "" "Online courses are their biggest revenue stream, but they also do more than " "a dozen consulting projects each year, ranging from digitization to event " @@ -4846,7 +4904,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3661 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3659 msgid "" "Ártica also seeks out public and private funding for specific projects. " "Sometimes, even if they are unsuccessful in subsidizing a project like a new " @@ -4856,24 +4914,24 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3669 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3667 msgid "" "Ártica relies heavily on their free Creative Commons–licensed content to " "attract new students and clients. Everything they create—online education, " "blog posts, videos—is published under an Attribution-ShareAlike license (CC " -"BY-SA). “We use a ShareAlike license because we want to give the greatest " -"freedom to our students and readers, and we also want that freedom to be " -"viral,” Jorge said. For them, giving others the right to reuse and remix " -"their content is a fundamental value. “How can you offer an online " -"educational service without giving permission to download, make and keep " -"copies, or print the educational resources?” Jorge said. “If we want to do " -"the best for our students—those who trust in us to the point that they are " -"willing to pay online without face-to-face contact—we have to offer them a " -"fair and ethical agreement.”" +"BY-SA). <quote>We use a ShareAlike license because we want to give the " +"greatest freedom to our students and readers, and we also want that freedom " +"to be viral,</quote> Jorge said. For them, giving others the right to reuse " +"and remix their content is a fundamental value. <quote>How can you offer an " +"online educational service without giving permission to download, make and " +"keep copies, or print the educational resources?</quote> Jorge said. " +"<quote>If we want to do the best for our students—those who trust in us to " +"the point that they are willing to pay online without face-to-face contact—" +"we have to offer them a fair and ethical agreement.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3685 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3683 msgid "" "They also believe sharing their ideas and expertise openly helps them build " "their reputation and visibility. People often share and cite their work. A " @@ -4883,36 +4941,38 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3693 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3691 msgid "" "This belief that openness creates new opportunities reflects another belief—" "in serendipity. When describing their process for creating content, they " "spoke of all of the spontaneous and organic ways they find inspiration. " -"“Sometimes, the collaborative process starts with a conversation between us, " -"or with friends from other projects,” Jorge said. “That can be the first " -"step for a new blog post or another simple piece of content, which can " -"evolve to a more complex product in the future, like a course or a book.”" +"<quote>Sometimes, the collaborative process starts with a conversation " +"between us, or with friends from other projects,</quote> Jorge said. " +"<quote>That can be the first step for a new blog post or another simple " +"piece of content, which can evolve to a more complex product in the future, " +"like a course or a book.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3703 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3702 msgid "" "Rather than planning their work in advance, they let their creative process " -"be dynamic. “This doesn’t mean that we don’t need to work hard in order to " -"get good professional results, but the design process is more flexible,” " -"Jorge said. They share early and often, and they adjust based on what they " -"learn, always exploring and testing new ideas and ways of operating. In many " -"ways, for them, the process is just as important as the final product." +"be dynamic. <quote>This doesn’t mean that we don’t need to work hard in " +"order to get good professional results, but the design process is more " +"flexible,</quote> Jorge said. They share early and often, and they adjust " +"based on what they learn, always exploring and testing new ideas and ways of " +"operating. In many ways, for them, the process is just as important as the " +"final product." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> #: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3712 msgid "" -"People and relationships are also just as important, sometimes more. “In the " -"educational and cultural business, it is more important to pay attention to " -"people and process, rather than content or specific formats or materials,” " -"Mariana said. “Materials and content are fluid. The important thing is the " -"relationships.”" +"People and relationships are also just as important, sometimes more. " +"<quote>In the educational and cultural business, it is more important to pay " +"attention to people and process, rather than content or specific formats or " +"materials,</quote> Mariana said. <quote>Materials and content are fluid. " +"The important thing is the relationships.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> @@ -4926,20 +4986,20 @@ msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> #: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3725 msgid "" -"At the core of everything Ártica does is a set of values. “Good content is " -"not enough,” Jorge said. “We also think that it is very important to take a " -"stand for some things in the cultural sector.” Mariana and Jorge are " -"activists. They defend free culture (the movement promoting the freedom to " -"modify and distribute creative work) and work to demonstrate the " -"intersection between free culture and other social-justice movements. Their " -"efforts to involve people in their work and enable artists and cultural " -"institutions to better use technology are all tied closely to their belief " -"system. Ultimately, what drives their work is a mission to democratize art " -"and culture." +"At the core of everything Ártica does is a set of values. <quote>Good " +"content is not enough,</quote> Jorge said. <quote>We also think that it is " +"very important to take a stand for some things in the cultural sector.</" +"quote> Mariana and Jorge are activists. They defend free culture (the " +"movement promoting the freedom to modify and distribute creative work) and " +"work to demonstrate the intersection between free culture and other social-" +"justice movements. Their efforts to involve people in their work and enable " +"artists and cultural institutions to better use technology are all tied " +"closely to their belief system. Ultimately, what drives their work is a " +"mission to democratize art and culture." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3738 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3739 msgid "" "Of course, Ártica also has to make enough money to cover its expenses. Human " "resources are, by far, their biggest expense. They tap a network of " @@ -4952,11 +5012,11 @@ msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> #: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3747 msgid "" -"“There are lots of people offering online courses,” Jorge said. “But it is " -"easy to differentiate us. We have an approach that is very specific and " -"personal.” Ártica’s model is rooted in the personal at every level. For " -"Mariana and Jorge, success means doing what brings them personal meaning and " -"purpose, and doing it sustainably and collaboratively." +"<quote>There are lots of people offering online courses,</quote> Jorge said. " +"<quote>But it is easy to differentiate us. We have an approach that is very " +"specific and personal.</quote> Ártica’s model is rooted in the personal at " +"every level. For Mariana and Jorge, success means doing what brings them " +"personal meaning and purpose, and doing it sustainably and collaboratively." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> @@ -4964,49 +5024,49 @@ msgstr "" msgid "" "In their work with younger artists, Mariana and Jorge try to emphasize that " "this model of success is just as valuable as the picture of success we get " -"from the media. “If they seek only the traditional type of success, they " -"will get frustrated,” Mariana said. “We try to show them another image of " -"what it looks like.”" +"from the media. <quote>If they seek only the traditional type of success, " +"they will get frustrated,</quote> Mariana said. <quote>We try to show them " +"another image of what it looks like.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3763 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3764 msgid "Blender Institute" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3766 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3767 msgid "" "The Blender Institute is an animation studio that creates 3-D films using " "Blender software. Founded in 2006 in the Netherlands." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3771 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3772 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.blender.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3773 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3774 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: crowdfunding " "(subscription-based), charging for physical copies, selling merchandise" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3777 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3778 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: March 8, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3779 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3780 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Francesco Siddi, " "production coordinator" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3787 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3788 msgid "" "For Ton Roosendaal, the creator of Blender software and its related " "entities, sharing is practical. Making their 3-D content creation software " @@ -5019,7 +5079,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3798 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3799 msgid "" "Each open-movie project Blender runs produces a host of openly licensed " "outputs, not just the final film itself but all of the source material as " @@ -5031,16 +5091,16 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3808 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3809 msgid "" "Rather than just talking about the theoretical benefits of sharing and free " "culture, Ton is very much about doing and making free culture. Blender’s " -"production coordinator Francesco Siddi told us, “Ton believes if you don’t " -"make content using your tools, then you’re not doing anything.”" +"production coordinator Francesco Siddi told us, <quote>Ton believes if you " +"don’t make content using your tools, then you’re not doing anything.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3815 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3816 msgid "" "Blender’s history begins in the late 1990s, when Ton created the Blender " "software. Originally, the software was an in-house resource for his " @@ -5053,31 +5113,32 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3826 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3827 msgid "" "This was long before Kickstarter and other online crowdfunding sites " "existed, but Ton ran his own version of a crowdfunding campaign and quickly " "raised the money he needed. The Blender software became freely available for " "anyone to use. Simply applying the General Public License to the software, " "however, was not enough to create a thriving community around it. Francesco " -"told us, “Software of this complexity relies on people and their vision of " -"how people work together. Ton is a fantastic community builder and manager, " -"and he put a lot of work into fostering a community of developers so that " -"the project could live.”" +"told us, <quote>Software of this complexity relies on people and their " +"vision of how people work together. Ton is a fantastic community builder and " +"manager, and he put a lot of work into fostering a community of developers " +"so that the project could live.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3838 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3840 msgid "" "Like any successful free and open-source software project, Blender developed " -"quickly because the community could make fixes and improvements. “Software " -"should be free and open to hack,” Francesco said. “Otherwise, everyone is " -"doing the same thing in the dark for ten years.” Ton set up the Blender " -"Foundation to oversee and steward the software development and maintenance." +"quickly because the community could make fixes and improvements. " +"<quote>Software should be free and open to hack,</quote> Francesco said. " +"<quote>Otherwise, everyone is doing the same thing in the dark for ten years." +"</quote> Ton set up the Blender Foundation to oversee and steward the " +"software development and maintenance." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3846 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3849 msgid "" "After a few years, Ton began looking for new ways to push development of the " "software. He came up with the idea of creating CC-licensed films using the " @@ -5089,18 +5150,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3856 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3859 msgid "" "They turned to crowdfunding to subsidize the costs of the project. They had " "about twenty people working full-time for six to ten months, so the costs " "were significant. Francesco said that when their crowdfunding campaign " -"succeeded, people were astounded. “The idea that making money was possible " -"by producing CC-licensed material was mind-blowing to people,” he said. " -"“They were like, ‘I have to see it to believe it.’”" +"succeeded, people were astounded. <quote>The idea that making money was " +"possible by producing CC-licensed material was mind-blowing to people,</" +"quote> he said. <quote>They were like, <quote>I have to see it to believe " +"it.</quote></quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3865 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3869 msgid "" "The first film, which was released in 2006, was an experiment. It was so " "successful that Ton decided to set up the Blender Institute, an entity " @@ -5110,7 +5172,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3873 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3877 msgid "" "Francesco said that, over time, the Blender Institute projects have gotten " "bigger and more prominent. That means the filmmaking process has become more " @@ -5118,34 +5180,37 @@ msgid "" "Francesco says the process is almost on an industrial scale because of the " "number of moving parts. This requires a lot of specialized assistance, but " "the Blender Institute has no problem finding the talent it needs to help on " -"projects. “Blender hardly does any recruiting for film projects because the " -"talent emerges naturally,” Francesco said. “So many people want to work " -"with us, and we can’t always hire them because of budget constraints.”" +"projects. <quote>Blender hardly does any recruiting for film projects " +"because the talent emerges naturally,</quote> Francesco said. <quote>So many " +"people want to work with us, and we can’t always hire them because of budget " +"constraints.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3886 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3890 msgid "" "Blender has had a lot of success raising money from its community over the " "years. In many ways, the pitch has gotten easier to make. Not only is " "crowdfunding simply more familiar to the public, but people know and trust " "Blender to deliver, and Ton has developed a reputation as an effective " -"community leader and visionary for their work. “There is a whole community " -"who sees and understands the benefit of these projects,” Francesco said." +"community leader and visionary for their work. <quote>There is a whole " +"community who sees and understands the benefit of these projects,</quote> " +"Francesco said." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3895 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3899 msgid "" "While these benefits of each open-movie project make a compelling pitch for " "crowdfunding campaigns, Francesco told us the Blender Institute has found " "some limitations in the standard crowdfunding model where you propose a " -"specific project and ask for funding. “Once a project is over, everyone " -"goes home,” he said. “It is great fun, but then it ends. That is a problem.”" +"specific project and ask for funding. <quote>Once a project is over, " +"everyone goes home,</quote> he said. <quote>It is great fun, but then it " +"ends. That is a problem.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3903 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3908 msgid "" "To make their work more sustainable, they needed a way to receive ongoing " "support rather than on a project-by-project basis. Their solution is Blender " @@ -5162,16 +5227,16 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3918 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3923 msgid "" "The continuous financial support provided by Blender Cloud subsidizes five " "to six full-time employees at the Blender Institute. Francesco says their " -"goal is to grow their subscriber base. “This is our freedom,” he told us, " -"“and for artists, freedom is everything.”" +"goal is to grow their subscriber base. <quote>This is our freedom,</quote> " +"he told us, <quote>and for artists, freedom is everything.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3925 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3930 msgid "" "Blender Cloud is the primary revenue stream of the Blender Institute. The " "Blender Foundation is funded primarily by donations, and that money goes " @@ -5182,7 +5247,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3934 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3939 msgid "" "Ton has worked on projects relating to his Blender software for nearly " "twenty years. Throughout most of that time, he has been committed to making " @@ -5191,78 +5256,79 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3941 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3946 msgid "" "Since 2006, he has been making films available along with all of their " "source material. He says he has hardly ever seen people stepping into " "Blender’s shoes and trying to make money off of their content. Ton believes " "this is because the true value of what they do is in the creative and " -"production process. “Even when you share everything, all your original " +"production process. <quote>Even when you share everything, all your original " "sources, it still takes a lot of talent, skills, time, and budget to " -"reproduce what you did,” Ton said." +"reproduce what you did,</quote> Ton said." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3951 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3956 msgid "For Ton and Blender, it all comes back to doing." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3955 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3960 msgid "Cards Against Humanity" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3958 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3963 msgid "" "Cards Against Humanity is a private, for-profit company that makes a popular " "party game by the same name. Founded in 2011 in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3963 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3968 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.cardsagainsthumanity.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3965 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3970 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for physical " "copies" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3968 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3973 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 3, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3971 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3976 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Max Temkin, cofounder" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3979 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3984 msgid "" "If you ask cofounder Max Temkin, there is nothing particularly interesting " -"about the Cards Against Humanity business model. “We make a product. We sell " -"it for money. Then we spend less money than we make,” Max said." +"about the Cards Against Humanity business model. <quote>We make a product. " +"We sell it for money. Then we spend less money than we make,</quote> Max " +"said." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3985 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3990 msgid "" "He is right. Cards Against Humanity is a simple party game, modeled after " "the game Apples to Apples. To play, one player asks a question or fill-in-" "the-blank statement from a black card, and the other players submit their " "funniest white card in response. The catch is that all of the cards are " "filled with crude, gruesome, and otherwise awful things. For the right kind " -"of people (“horrible people,” according to Cards Against Humanity " -"advertising), this makes for a hilarious and fun game." +"of people (<quote>horrible people,</quote> according to Cards Against " +"Humanity advertising), this makes for a hilarious and fun game." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3995 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4000 msgid "" "The revenue model is simple. Physical copies of the game are sold for a " "profit. And it works. At the time of this writing, Cards Against Humanity is " @@ -5272,7 +5338,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4003 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4008 msgid "" "But Cards Against Humanity is also available for free. Anyone can download a " "digital version of the game on the Cards Against Humanity website. More than " @@ -5281,7 +5347,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4009 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4014 msgid "" "The game is available under an Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license " "(CC BY-NC-SA). That means, in addition to copying the game, anyone can " @@ -5291,7 +5357,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4017 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4022 msgid "" "All together, these factors—the crass tone of the game and company, the free " "download, the openness to fans remixing the game—give the game a massive " @@ -5299,7 +5365,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4022 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4027 msgid "" "Their success is not the result of a grand plan. Instead, Cards Against " "Humanity was the last in a long line of games and comedy projects that Max " @@ -5314,24 +5380,24 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4035 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4040 msgid "" "The game caught on quickly, and it has only grown more popular over time. " "Max says the eight founders never had a meeting where they decided to make " -"it an ongoing business. “It kind of just happened,” he said." +"it an ongoing business. <quote>It kind of just happened,</quote> he said." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4041 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4046 msgid "" -"But this tale of a “happy accident” belies marketing genius. Just like the " -"game, the Cards Against Humanity brand is irreverent and memorable. It is " -"hard to forget a company that calls the FAQ on their website “Your dumb " -"questions.”" +"But this tale of a <quote>happy accident</quote> belies marketing genius. " +"Just like the game, the Cards Against Humanity brand is irreverent and " +"memorable. It is hard to forget a company that calls the FAQ on their " +"website <quote>Your dumb questions.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4047 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4052 msgid "" "Like most quality satire, however, there is more to the joke than vulgarity " "and shock value. The company’s marketing efforts around Black Friday " @@ -5340,41 +5406,42 @@ msgid "" "biggest shopping day of the year. It is an incredibly important day for " "Cards Against Humanity, like it is for all U.S. retailers. Max said they " "struggled with what to do on Black Friday because they didn’t want to " -"support what he called the “orgy of consumerism” the day has become, " -"particularly since it follows a day that is about being grateful for what " -"you have. In 2013, after deliberating, they decided to have an Everything " -"Costs $5 More sale." +"support what he called the <quote>orgy of consumerism</quote> the day has " +"become, particularly since it follows a day that is about being grateful for " +"what you have. In 2013, after deliberating, they decided to have an " +"Everything Costs $5 More sale." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4061 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4065 msgid "" -"“We sweated it out the night before Black Friday, wondering if our fans were " -"going to hate us for it,” he said. “But it made us laugh so we went with it. " -"People totally caught the joke.”" +"<quote>We sweated it out the night before Black Friday, wondering if our " +"fans were going to hate us for it,</quote> he said. <quote>But it made us " +"laugh so we went with it. People totally caught the joke.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4066 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4071 msgid "" "This sort of bold transparency delights the media, but more importantly, it " -"engages their fans. “One of the most surprising things you can do in " -"capitalism is just be honest with people,” Max said. “It shocks people that " -"there is transparency about what you are doing.”" +"engages their fans. <quote>One of the most surprising things you can do in " +"capitalism is just be honest with people,</quote> Max said. <quote>It shocks " +"people that there is transparency about what you are doing.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4073 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4078 msgid "" -"Max also likened it to a grand improv scene. “If we do something a little " -"subversive and unexpected, the public wants to be a part of the joke.” One " -"year they did a Give Cards Against Humanity $5 event, where people literally " -"paid them five dollars for no reason. Their fans wanted to make the joke " -"funnier by making it successful. They made $70,000 in a single day." +"Max also likened it to a grand improv scene. <quote>If we do something a " +"little subversive and unexpected, the public wants to be a part of the joke." +"</quote> One year they did a Give Cards Against Humanity $5 event, where " +"people literally paid them five dollars for no reason. Their fans wanted to " +"make the joke funnier by making it successful. They made $70,000 in a single " +"day." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4081 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4086 msgid "" "This remarkable trust they have in their customers is what inspired their " "decision to apply a Creative Commons license to the game. Trusting your " @@ -5382,14 +5449,14 @@ msgid "" "Against Humanity obviously isn’t afraid of doing the unexpected, but there " "are lines even they do not want to cross. Before applying the license, Max " "said they worried that some fans would adapt the game to include all of the " -"jokes they intentionally never made because they crossed that line. “It " -"happened, and the world didn’t end,” Max said. “If that is the worst cost of " -"using CC, I’d pay that a hundred times over because there are so many " -"benefits.”" +"jokes they intentionally never made because they crossed that line. " +"<quote>It happened, and the world didn’t end,</quote> Max said. <quote>If " +"that is the worst cost of using CC, I’d pay that a hundred times over " +"because there are so many benefits.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4094 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4099 msgid "" "Any successful product inspires its biggest fans to create remixes of it, " "but unsanctioned adaptations are more likely to fly under the radar. The " @@ -5399,43 +5466,44 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4102 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4107 msgid "" -"Max said, “CC was a no-brainer for us because it gets the most people " +"Max said, <quote>CC was a no-brainer for us because it gets the most people " "involved. Making the game free and available under a CC license led to the " "unbelievable situation where we are one of the best-marketed games in the " -"world, and we have never spent a dime on marketing.”" +"world, and we have never spent a dime on marketing.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4109 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4114 msgid "" "Of course, there are limits to what the company allows its customers to do " "with the game. They chose the Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license " "because it restricts people from using the game to make money. It also " "requires that adaptations of the game be made available under the same " "licensing terms if they are shared publicly. Cards Against Humanity also " -"polices its brand. “We feel like we’re the only ones who can use our brand " -"and our game and make money off of it,” Max said. About 99.9 percent of the " -"time, they just send an email to those making commercial use of the game, " -"and that is the end of it. There have only been a handful of instances where " -"they had to get a lawyer involved." +"polices its brand. <quote>We feel like we’re the only ones who can use our " +"brand and our game and make money off of it,</quote> Max said. About 99.9 " +"percent of the time, they just send an email to those making commercial use " +"of the game, and that is the end of it. There have only been a handful of " +"instances where they had to get a lawyer involved." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4123 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4128 msgid "" "Just as there is more than meets the eye to the Cards Against Humanity " "business model, the same can be said of the game itself. To be playable, " "every white card has to work syntactically with enough black cards. The " "eight creators invest an incredible amount of work into creating new cards " -"for the game. “We have daylong arguments about commas,” Max said. “The " -"slacker tone of the cards gives people the impression that it is easy to " -"write them, but it is actually a lot of work and quibbling.”" +"for the game. <quote>We have daylong arguments about commas,</quote> Max " +"said. <quote>The slacker tone of the cards gives people the impression that " +"it is easy to write them, but it is actually a lot of work and quibbling.</" +"quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4133 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4139 msgid "" "That means cocreation with their fans really doesn’t work. The company has a " "submission mechanism on their website, and they get thousands of " @@ -5448,27 +5516,28 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4144 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4150 msgid "" "For all of their success, the creators of Cards Against Humanity are only " "partially motivated by money. Max says they have always been interested in " -"the Walt Disney philosophy of financial success. “We don’t make jokes and " -"games to make money—we make money so we can make more jokes and games,” he " -"said." +"the Walt Disney philosophy of financial success. <quote>We don’t make jokes " +"and games to make money—we make money so we can make more jokes and games,</" +"quote> he said." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4151 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4157 msgid "" "In fact, the company has given more than $4 million to various charities and " -"causes. “Cards is not our life plan,” Max said. “We all have other interests " -"and hobbies. We are passionate about other things going on in our lives. A " -"lot of the activism we have done comes out of us taking things from the rest " -"of our lives and channeling some of the excitement from the game into it.”" +"causes. <quote>Cards is not our life plan,</quote> Max said. <quote>We all " +"have other interests and hobbies. We are passionate about other things going " +"on in our lives. A lot of the activism we have done comes out of us taking " +"things from the rest of our lives and channeling some of the excitement from " +"the game into it.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4159 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4166 msgid "" "Seeing money as fuel rather than the ultimate goal is what has enabled them " "to embrace Creative Commons licensing without reservation. CC licensing " @@ -5478,21 +5547,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4167 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4173 msgid "" -"“It’s not right for everyone to release everything under CC licensing,” Max " -"said. “If your only goal is to make a lot of money, then CC is not best " -"strategy. This kind of business model, though, speaks to your values, and " -"who you are and why you’re making things.”" +"<quote>It’s not right for everyone to release everything under CC licensing," +"</quote> Max said. <quote>If your only goal is to make a lot of money, then " +"CC is not best strategy. This kind of business model, though, speaks to your " +"values, and who you are and why you’re making things.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4175 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4181 msgid "The Conversation" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4178 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4184 msgid "" "The Conversation is an independent source of news, sourced from the academic " "and research community and delivered direct to the public over the Internet. " @@ -5500,12 +5569,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4183 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4189 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://theconversation.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4185 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4191 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging content " "creators (universities pay membership fees to have their faculties serve as " @@ -5513,13 +5582,13 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4192 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4198 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Andrew Jaspan, founder" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4200 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4206 msgid "" "Andrew Jaspan spent years as an editor of major newspapers including the " "Observer in London, the Sunday Herald in Glasgow, and the Age in Melbourne, " @@ -5530,7 +5599,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4210 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4216 msgid "" "Around the time he left his job as editor of the Melbourne Age, Andrew " "wondered where citizens would get news grounded in fact and evidence rather " @@ -5540,7 +5609,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4217 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4223 msgid "" "While at the Age, he’d become friends with a vice-chancellor of a university " "in Melbourne who encouraged him to talk to smart people across campus—an " @@ -5561,7 +5630,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4238 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4244 msgid "" "Andrew believed he could to help connect academics back into the public " "arena, and maybe help society find solutions to big problems. He thought " @@ -5576,7 +5645,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4251 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4257 msgid "" "The people he spoke to liked this idea, and Andrew embarked on raising money " "and support with the help of the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial " @@ -5590,7 +5659,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4264 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4270 msgid "" "The Conversation is founded on the belief that underpinning a functioning " "democracy is access to independent, high-quality, informative journalism. " @@ -5602,12 +5671,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4277 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4283 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://theconversation.com/us/charter\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4275 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4281 msgid "" "Andrew worked hard to reinvent a methodology for creating reliable, credible " "content. He introduced strict new working practices, a charter, and codes of " @@ -5624,7 +5693,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4290 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4296 msgid "" "Creative Commons help with these goals; articles are published with the " "Attribution- NoDerivs license (CC BY-ND). They’re freely available for " @@ -5638,7 +5707,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4302 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4308 msgid "" "When readers come across the Conversation, they seem to like what they find " "and recommend it to their friends, peers, and networks. Readership has " @@ -5648,7 +5717,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4310 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4316 msgid "" "It’s usual for the founders of any company to ask themselves what kind of " "company it should be. It quickly became clear to the founders of the " @@ -5659,7 +5728,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4319 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4325 msgid "" "There are now different editions of the Conversation for Africa, the United " "Kingdom, France, and the United States, in addition to the one for " @@ -5671,7 +5740,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4329 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4335 msgid "" "Additionally, each edition has its own set of founding partners, strategic " "partners, and funders. They’ve received funding from foundations, " @@ -5682,17 +5751,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4338 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4344 msgid "" "When professors from member universities write an article, there is some " "branding of the university associated with the article. On the Conversation " -"website, paying university members are listed as “members and funders.” " -"Early participants may be designated as “founding members,” with seats on " -"the editorial advisory board." +"website, paying university members are listed as <quote>members and funders." +"</quote> Early participants may be designated as <quote>founding members,</" +"quote> with seats on the editorial advisory board." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4345 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4352 msgid "" "Academics are not paid for their contributions, but they get free editing " "from a professional (four to five hours per piece, on average). They also " @@ -5704,7 +5773,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4355 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4362 msgid "" "The Conversation plans to expand the dashboard to show not just reach but " "impact. This tracks activities, behaviors, and events that occurred as a " @@ -5714,7 +5783,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4363 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4370 msgid "" "These reach and impact metrics show the benefits of membership. With the " "Conversation, universities can engage with the public and show why they’re " @@ -5722,59 +5791,59 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4368 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4375 msgid "" -"With its tagline, “Academic Rigor, Journalistic Flair,” the Conversation " -"represents a new form of journalism that contributes to a more informed " -"citizenry and improved democracy around the world. Its open business model " -"and use of Creative Commons show how it’s possible to generate both a public " -"good and operational revenue at the same time." +"With its tagline, <quote>Academic Rigor, Journalistic Flair,</quote> the " +"Conversation represents a new form of journalism that contributes to a more " +"informed citizenry and improved democracy around the world. Its open " +"business model and use of Creative Commons show how it’s possible to " +"generate both a public good and operational revenue at the same time." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4377 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4384 msgid "Cory Doctorow" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4380 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4387 msgid "" "Cory Doctorow is a science fiction writer, activist, blogger, and " "journalist. Based in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4383 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4390 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://craphound.com\"/> and <ulink url=\"http://boingboing.net" "\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4386 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4393 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for physical " "copies (book sales), pay-what-you-want, selling translation rights to books" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4390 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4397 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: January 12, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4398 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4405 msgid "" -"Cory Doctorow hates the term “business model,” and he is adamant that he is " -"not a brand. “To me, branding is the idea that you can take a thing that has " -"certain qualities, remove the qualities, and go on selling it,” he said. " -"“I’m not out there trying to figure out how to be a brand. I’m doing this " -"thing that animates me to work crazy insane hours because it’s the most " -"important thing I know how to do.”" +"Cory Doctorow hates the term <quote>business model,</quote> and he is " +"adamant that he is not a brand. <quote>To me, branding is the idea that you " +"can take a thing that has certain qualities, remove the qualities, and go on " +"selling it,</quote> he said. <quote>I’m not out there trying to figure out " +"how to be a brand. I’m doing this thing that animates me to work crazy " +"insane hours because it’s the most important thing I know how to do.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4407 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4414 msgid "" "Cory calls himself an entrepreneur. He likes to say his success came from " "making stuff people happened to like and then getting out of the way of them " @@ -5782,7 +5851,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4412 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4419 msgid "" "He is a science fiction writer, activist, blogger, and journalist. " "Beginning with his first novel, Down and Out in the Magic Kingdom, in 2003, " @@ -5794,7 +5863,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4423 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4430 msgid "" "Cory primarily makes money by selling physical books, but he also takes on " "paid speaking gigs and is experimenting with pay-what-you-want models for " @@ -5802,7 +5871,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4428 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4435 msgid "" "While Cory’s extensive body of fiction work has a large following, he is " "just as well known for his activism. He is an outspoken opponent of " @@ -5812,68 +5881,70 @@ msgid "" "Foundation, where he is involved in a lawsuit challenging the U.S. law that " "protects DRM. Cory says his political work doesn’t directly make him money, " "but if he gave it up, he thinks he would lose credibility and, more " -"importantly, lose the drive that propels him to create. “My political work " -"is a different expression of the same artistic-political urge,” he said. “I " -"have this suspicion that if I gave up the things that didn’t make me money, " -"the genuineness would leach out of what I do, and the quality that causes " -"people to like what I do would be gone.”" +"importantly, lose the drive that propels him to create. <quote>My political " +"work is a different expression of the same artistic-political urge,</quote> " +"he said. <quote>I have this suspicion that if I gave up the things that " +"didn’t make me money, the genuineness would leach out of what I do, and the " +"quality that causes people to like what I do would be gone.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4445 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4452 msgid "" "Cory has been financially successful, but money is not his primary " "motivation. At the start of his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, he " "stresses how important it is not to become an artist if your goal is to get " -"rich. “Entering the arts because you want to get rich is like buying lottery " -"tickets because you want to get rich,” he wrote. “It might work, but it " -"almost certainly won’t. Though, of course, someone always wins the " -"lottery.” He acknowledges that he is one of the lucky few to “make it,” but " -"he says he would be writing no matter what. “I am compelled to write,” he " -"wrote. “Long before I wrote to keep myself fed and sheltered, I was writing " -"to keep myself sane.”" +"rich. <quote>Entering the arts because you want to get rich is like buying " +"lottery tickets because you want to get rich,</quote> he wrote. <quote>It " +"might work, but it almost certainly won’t. Though, of course, someone always " +"wins the lottery.</quote> He acknowledges that he is one of the lucky few to " +"<quote>make it,</quote> but he says he would be writing no matter what. " +"<quote>I am compelled to write,</quote> he wrote. <quote>Long before I " +"wrote to keep myself fed and sheltered, I was writing to keep myself sane.</" +"quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4458 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4466 msgid "" "Just as money is not his primary motivation to create, money is not his " "primary motivation to share. For Cory, sharing his work with Creative " -"Commons is a moral imperative. “It felt morally right,” he said of his " -"decision to adopt Creative Commons licenses. “I felt like I wasn’t " -"contributing to the culture of surveillance and censorship that has been " -"created to try to stop copying.” In other words, using CC licenses " -"symbolizes his worldview." +"Commons is a moral imperative. <quote>It felt morally right,</quote> he said " +"of his decision to adopt Creative Commons licenses. <quote>I felt like I " +"wasn’t contributing to the culture of surveillance and censorship that has " +"been created to try to stop copying.</quote> In other words, using CC " +"licenses symbolizes his worldview." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4468 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4476 msgid "" "He also feels like there is a solid commercial basis for licensing his work " "with Creative Commons. While he acknowledges he hasn’t been able to do a " "controlled experiment to compare the commercial benefits of licensing with " "CC against reserving all rights, he thinks he has sold more books using a CC " "license than he would have without it. Cory says his goal is to convince " -"people they should pay him for his work. “I started by not calling them " -"thieves,” he said." +"people they should pay him for his work. <quote>I started by not calling " +"them thieves,</quote> he said." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4478 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4486 msgid "" "Cory started using CC licenses soon after they were first created. At the " "time his first novel came out, he says the science fiction genre was overrun " "with people scanning and downloading books without permission. When he and " "his publisher took a closer look at who was doing that sort of thing online, " -"they realized it looked a lot like book promotion. “I knew there was a " +"they realized it looked a lot like book promotion. <quote>I knew there was a " "relationship between having enthusiastic readers and having a successful " -"career as a writer,” he said. “At the time, it took eighty hours to OCR a " -"book, which is a big effort. I decided to spare them the time and energy, " -"and give them the book for free in a format destined to spread.”" +"career as a writer,</quote> he said. <quote>At the time, it took eighty " +"hours to OCR a book, which is a big effort. I decided to spare them the time " +"and energy, and give them the book for free in a format destined to spread.</" +"quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4491 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4499 msgid "" "Cory admits the stakes were pretty low for him when he first adopted " "Creative Commons licenses. He only had to sell two thousand copies of his " @@ -5883,33 +5954,34 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4499 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4507 msgid "" "The bottom line, Cory says, is that no one has found a way to prevent people " "from copying the stuff they like. Rather than fighting the tide, Cory makes " -"his work intrinsically shareable. “Getting the hell out of the way for " -"people who want to share their love of you with other people sounds obvious, " -"but it’s remarkable how many people don’t do it,” he said." +"his work intrinsically shareable. <quote>Getting the hell out of the way " +"for people who want to share their love of you with other people sounds " +"obvious, but it’s remarkable how many people don’t do it,</quote> he said." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4507 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4515 msgid "" "Making his work available under Creative Commons licenses enables him to " -"view his biggest fans as his ambassadors. “Being open to fan activity makes " -"you part of the conversation about what fans do with your work and how they " -"interact with it,” he said. Cory’s own website routinely highlights cool " -"things his audience has done with his work. Unlike corporations like Disney " -"that tend to have a hands-off relationship with their fan activity, he has a " -"symbiotic relationship with his audience. “Engaging with your audience can’t " -"guarantee you success,” he said. “And Disney is an example of being able to " -"remain aloof and still being the most successful company in the creative " -"industry in history. But I figure my likelihood of being Disney is pretty " -"slim, so I should take all the help I can get.”" +"view his biggest fans as his ambassadors. <quote>Being open to fan activity " +"makes you part of the conversation about what fans do with your work and how " +"they interact with it,</quote> he said. Cory’s own website routinely " +"highlights cool things his audience has done with his work. Unlike " +"corporations like Disney that tend to have a hands-off relationship with " +"their fan activity, he has a symbiotic relationship with his audience. " +"<quote>Engaging with your audience can’t guarantee you success,</quote> he " +"said. <quote>And Disney is an example of being able to remain aloof and " +"still being the most successful company in the creative industry in history. " +"But I figure my likelihood of being Disney is pretty slim, so I should take " +"all the help I can get.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4522 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4530 msgid "" "His first book was published under the most restrictive Creative Commons " "license, Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC BY-NC-ND). It allows only " @@ -5925,7 +5997,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4537 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4545 msgid "" "In his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, Cory likens his philosophy " "to thinking like a dandelion. Dandelions produce thousands of seeds each " @@ -5933,40 +6005,41 @@ msgid "" "strategy is to maximize the number of blind chances the dandelion has for " "continuing its genetic line. Similarly, he says there are lots of people out " "there who may want to buy creative work or compensate authors for it in some " -"other way. “The more places your work can find itself, the greater the " +"other way. <quote>The more places your work can find itself, the greater the " "likelihood that it will find one of those would-be customers in some " -"unsuspected crack in the metaphorical pavement,” he wrote. “The copies that " -"others make of my work cost me nothing, and present the possibility that " -"I’ll get something.”" +"unsuspected crack in the metaphorical pavement,</quote> he wrote. <quote>The " +"copies that others make of my work cost me nothing, and present the " +"possibility that I’ll get something.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4551 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4560 msgid "" "Applying a CC license to his work increases the chances it will be shared " "more widely around the Web. He avoids DRM—and openly opposes the practice—" "for similar reasons. DRM has the effect of tying a work to a particular " "platform. This digital lock, in turn, strips the authors of control over " "their own work and hands that control over to the platform. He calls it " -"Cory’s First Law: “Anytime someone puts a lock on something that belongs to " -"you and won’t give you the key, that lock isn’t there for your benefit.”" +"Cory’s First Law: <quote>Anytime someone puts a lock on something that " +"belongs to you and won’t give you the key, that lock isn’t there for your " +"benefit.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4561 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4571 msgid "" "Cory operates under the premise that artists benefit when there are more, " "rather than fewer, places where people can access their work. The Internet " -"has opened up those avenues, but DRM is designed to limit them. “On the one " -"hand, we can credibly make our work available to a widely dispersed " -"audience,” he said. “On the other hand, the intermediaries we historically " -"sold to are making it harder to go around them.” Cory continually looks for " -"ways to reach his audience without relying upon major platforms that will " -"try to take control over his work." +"has opened up those avenues, but DRM is designed to limit them. <quote>On " +"the one hand, we can credibly make our work available to a widely dispersed " +"audience,</quote> he said. <quote>On the other hand, the intermediaries we " +"historically sold to are making it harder to go around them.</quote> Cory " +"continually looks for ways to reach his audience without relying upon major " +"platforms that will try to take control over his work." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4572 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4582 msgid "" "Cory says his e-book sales have been lower than those of his competitors, " "and he attributes some of that to the CC license making the work available " @@ -5979,40 +6052,40 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4583 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4593 msgid "" "Fans are particularly willing to pay when they feel personally connected to " "the artist. Cory works hard to create that personal connection. One way he " -"does this is by personally answering every single email he gets. “If you " -"look at the history of artists, most die in penury,” he said. “That reality " -"means that for artists, we have to find ways to support ourselves when " -"public tastes shift, when copyright stops producing. Future-proofing your " -"artistic career in many ways means figuring out how to stay connected to " -"those people who have been touched by your work.”" +"does this is by personally answering every single email he gets. <quote>If " +"you look at the history of artists, most die in penury,</quote> he said. " +"<quote>That reality means that for artists, we have to find ways to support " +"ourselves when public tastes shift, when copyright stops producing. Future-" +"proofing your artistic career in many ways means figuring out how to stay " +"connected to those people who have been touched by your work.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4594 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4605 msgid "" "Cory’s realism about the difficulty of making a living in the arts does not " "reflect pessimism about the Internet age. Instead, he says the fact that it " "is hard to make a living as an artist is nothing new. What is new, he writes " -"in his book, “is how many ways there are to make things, and to get them " -"into other people’s hands and minds.”" +"in his book, <quote>is how many ways there are to make things, and to get " +"them into other people’s hands and minds.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4602 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4613 msgid "It has never been easier to think like a dandelion." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4606 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4617 msgid "Figshare" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4609 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4620 msgid "" "Figshare is a for-profit company offering an online repository where " "researchers can preserve and share the output of their research, including " @@ -6020,29 +6093,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4615 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4626 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://figshare.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4617 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4628 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: platform providing paid " "services to creators" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4620 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4631 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: January 28, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4623 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4634 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Mark Hahnel, founder" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4631 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4642 msgid "" "Figshare’s mission is to change the face of academic publishing through " "improved dissemination, discoverability, and reusability of scholarly " @@ -6055,7 +6128,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4642 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4653 msgid "" "Figshare founder Mark Hahnel often gets asked: How do you make money? How do " "we know you’ll be here in five years? Can you, as a for-profit venture, be " @@ -6063,7 +6136,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4647 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4658 msgid "" "Mark traces the origins of Figshare back to when he was a graduate student " "getting his PhD in stem cell biology. His research involved working with " @@ -6074,7 +6147,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4656 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4667 msgid "" "Mark does not consider himself an advanced software programmer. " "Fortunately, things like cloud-based computing and wikis had become " @@ -6083,7 +6156,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4663 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4674 msgid "" "There were two key needs: licenses to make the data citable, and persistent " "identifiers— URL links that always point back to the original object " @@ -6091,7 +6164,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4669 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4680 msgid "" "Mark chose Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs) to meet the need for a " "persistent identifier. In the DOI system, an object’s metadata is stored as " @@ -6102,7 +6175,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4678 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4689 msgid "" "As for licenses, Mark chose Creative Commons. The open-access and open-" "science communities were already using and recommending Creative Commons. " @@ -6112,7 +6185,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4686 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4697 msgid "" "So Mark began using DOIs and Creative Commons for his own research work. He " "had a science blog where he wrote about it and made all his data open. " @@ -6121,7 +6194,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4692 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4703 msgid "" "People liked the interface and simple upload process. People started asking " "if they could also share theses, grant proposals, and code. Inclusion of " @@ -6131,7 +6204,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4700 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4711 msgid "" "Mark sought investment to make this into a scalable product. After a few " "unsuccessful funding pitches, UK-based Digital Science expressed interest " @@ -6140,7 +6213,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4707 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4718 msgid "" "Under the freemium model, academics upload their research to Figshare for " "storage and sharing for free. Each research object is licensed with Creative " @@ -6148,12 +6221,12 @@ msgid "" "fee for gigabytes of private storage space, and for private online space " "designed for a set number of research collaborators, which is ideal for " "larger teams and geographically dispersed research groups. Figshare sums up " -"its value proposition to researchers as “You retain ownership. You license " -"it. You get credit. We just make sure it persists.”" +"its value proposition to researchers as <quote>You retain ownership. You " +"license it. You get credit. We just make sure it persists.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4718 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4730 msgid "" "In January 2012, Figshare was launched. (The fig in Figshare stands for " "figures.) Using investment funds, Mark made significant improvements to " @@ -6165,7 +6238,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4728 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4740 msgid "" "Figshare diversified its business model to include services for journals. " "Figshare began hosting large amounts of data for the journals’ online " @@ -6181,7 +6254,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4742 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4754 msgid "" "Governments allocate significant public funds to research. In parallel with " "the launch of Figshare, governments around the world began requesting the " @@ -6193,7 +6266,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4752 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4764 msgid "" "Figshare now offers a range of fee-based services to institutions, including " "their own minibranded Figshare space (called Figshare for Institutions) that " @@ -6205,7 +6278,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4762 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4774 msgid "" "As with researchers and publishers, Fig-share encouraged institutions to " "share their research with CC BY (Attribution) and their data with CC0 (into " @@ -6219,7 +6292,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4775 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4787 msgid "" "For Mark this created a conflict. On the one hand, the principles and " "benefits of open science are at the heart of Figshare, and Mark believes CC " @@ -6231,7 +6304,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4785 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4797 msgid "" "Mark is thinking of doing a Figshare study that tracks research " "dissemination according to Creative Commons license, and gathering metrics " @@ -6242,21 +6315,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4798 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4810 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://figshare.com/articles/" "Journal_subscription_costs_FOIs_to_UK_universities/1186832\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4801 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4813 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://retr0.shinyapps.io/journal_costs/?year=2014&" "inst=19,22,38,42,59,64,80,95,136\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4793 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4805 msgid "" "Figshare has an Application Programming Interface (API) that makes it " "possible for data to be pulled from Figshare and used in other applications. " @@ -6270,7 +6343,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4804 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4816 msgid "" "The free version of Figshare has built a community of academics, who through " "word of mouth and presentations have promoted and spread awareness of " @@ -6283,12 +6356,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4819 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4831 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://figshare.com/features\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4815 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4827 msgid "" "Mark says his success is partly about being in the right place at the right " "time. He also believes that the diversification of Figshare’s model over " @@ -6302,7 +6375,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4826 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4838 msgid "" "Today Figshare has 26 million–plus page views, 7.5 million–plus downloads, " "800,000–plus user uploads, 2 million–plus articles, 500,000-plus " @@ -6312,7 +6385,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4834 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4846 msgid "" "Figshare uses the revenue it generates from the premium subscribers, journal " "publishers, and institutions to fund and expand what it can offer to " @@ -6327,12 +6400,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4849 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4861 msgid "Figure.NZ" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4852 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4864 msgid "" "Figure.NZ is a nonprofit charity that makes an online data platform designed " "to make data reusable and easy to understand. Founded in 2012 in New " @@ -6340,37 +6413,37 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4857 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4869 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://figure.nz\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4859 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4871 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: platform providing paid " "services to creators, donations, sponsorships" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4862 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4874 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: May 3, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4864 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4876 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Lillian Grace, founder" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4873 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4885 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.nzdatafutures.org.nz/sites/default/files/" "NZDFF_harness-the-power.pdf\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4872 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4884 msgid "" "In the paper Harnessing the Economic and Social Power of Data presented at " "the New Zealand Data Futures Forum in 2014,<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" @@ -6391,20 +6464,20 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4891 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4903 msgid "" "Lillian had the idea for Figure.NZ in February 2012 while working for the " "New Zealand Institute, a think tank concerned with improving economic " "prosperity, social well-being, environmental quality, and environmental " "productivity for New Zealand and New Zealanders. While giving talks to " -"community and business groups, Lillian realized “every single issue we " +"community and business groups, Lillian realized <quote>every single issue we " "addressed would have been easier to deal with if more people understood the " -"basic facts.” But understanding the basic facts sometimes requires data and " -"research that you often have to pay for." +"basic facts.</quote> But understanding the basic facts sometimes requires " +"data and research that you often have to pay for." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4902 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4914 msgid "" "Lillian began to imagine a website that lifted data up to a visual form that " "could be easily understood and freely accessed. Initially launched as Wiki " @@ -6419,7 +6492,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4916 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4928 msgid "" "Here’s how it works. Figure.NZ sources data from other organizations, " "including corporations, public repositories, government departments, and " @@ -6437,14 +6510,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4942 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4954 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.ict.govt.nz/guidance-and-resources/open-government/" "new-zealand-government-open-access-and-licensing-nzgoal-framework/\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4933 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4945 msgid "" "Lillian characterizes the initial decision to use Creative Commons as " "naively fortunate. It was first recommended to her by a colleague. Lillian " @@ -6462,7 +6535,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4949 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4961 msgid "" "Lillian thinks current ideas of what a business is are relatively new, only " "a hundred years old or so. She’s convinced that twenty years from now, we " @@ -6477,7 +6550,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4962 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4974 msgid "" "Although Figure.NZ is a social enterprise that openly licenses their data " "and graphs for everyone to use for free, they have taken care not to be " @@ -6497,7 +6570,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4981 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4993 msgid "" "Figure.NZ spends a lot of time seeking to understand the motivations of data " "collectors and to identify the channels where it can provide value. Every " @@ -6506,7 +6579,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4987 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4999 msgid "" "Figure.NZ has multiple lines of business. They provide commercial services " "to organizations that want their data publicly available and want to use " @@ -6523,27 +6596,27 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5003 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5015 msgid "" "Lillian notes that the current state of most data is terrible and often not " "well understood by the people who have it. This sometimes makes it difficult " "for customers and Figure.NZ to figure out what it would cost to import, " "standardize, and display that data in a useful way. To deal with this, " -"Figure.NZ uses “high-trust contracts,” where customers allocate a certain " -"budget to the task that Figure.NZ is then free to draw from, as long as " -"Figure.NZ frequently reports on what they’ve produced so the customer can " -"determine the value for money. This strategy has helped build trust and " -"transparency about the level of effort associated with doing work that has " -"never been done before." +"Figure.NZ uses <quote>high-trust contracts,</quote> where customers allocate " +"a certain budget to the task that Figure.NZ is then free to draw from, as " +"long as Figure.NZ frequently reports on what they’ve produced so the " +"customer can determine the value for money. This strategy has helped build " +"trust and transparency about the level of effort associated with doing work " +"that has never been done before." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5021 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5034 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://figure.nz/business/\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5016 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5029 msgid "" "A second line of business is what Figure.NZ calls partners. ASB Bank and " "Statistics New Zealand are partners who back Figure.NZ’s efforts. As one " @@ -6553,12 +6626,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5024 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5037 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://figure.nz/patrons/\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5024 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5037 msgid "" "Figure.NZ also has patrons.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Patrons " "donate to topic areas they care about, directly enabling Figure.NZ to get " @@ -6567,7 +6640,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5030 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5043 msgid "" "Figure.NZ also accepts philanthropic donations, which are used to provide " "more content, extend technology, and improve services, or are targeted to " @@ -6576,7 +6649,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5036 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5049 msgid "" "Figure.NZ has morphed and grown over time. With data aggregation, curation, " "and visualizing services all in-house, Figure.NZ has developed a deep " @@ -6590,7 +6663,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5048 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5061 msgid "" "Figure.NZ’s website displays visuals and data associated with a wide range " "of categories including crime, economy, education, employment, energy, " @@ -6602,7 +6675,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5058 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5071 msgid "" "Figure.NZ believes data and visuals should be useful. They provide their " "customers with a data collection template and teach them why it’s important " @@ -6617,7 +6690,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5072 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5085 msgid "" "Lillian has a deep and profound vision for Figure.NZ that goes well beyond " "simply providing open-data services. She says things are different now. “We " @@ -6628,7 +6701,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5081 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5094 msgid "" "“But now we live in a world where it’s really easy to share information " "widely and also to communicate widely. In the world we live in now, the best " @@ -6636,7 +6709,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5087 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5100 msgid "" "“The use of numbers and data as a way of making well-informed decisions is " "one of the areas where there is the biggest gaps. We don’t really use " @@ -6644,7 +6717,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5093 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5106 msgid "" "“Part of the reason is the way data is spread across hundreds of sites. In " "addition, for the most part, deep thinking based on data is constrained to " @@ -6657,7 +6730,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5104 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5117 msgid "" "“Figure.NZ may be the first organization to assert that everyone can use " "numbers in their thinking, and it’s built a technological platform along " @@ -6666,33 +6739,34 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5111 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5124 msgid "" -"“Figure.NZ sees this as a new kind of alphabet that can help people analyze " -"what they see around them. A way to be thoughtful and informed about " +"<quote>Figure.NZ sees this as a new kind of alphabet that can help people " +"analyze what they see around them. A way to be thoughtful and informed about " "society. A means of engaging in conversation and shaping decision making " "that transcends personal experience. The long-term value and impact is " "almost impossible to measure, but the goal is to help citizens gain " -"understanding and work together in more informed ways to shape the future.”" +"understanding and work together in more informed ways to shape the future.</" +"quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5120 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5133 msgid "" "Lillian sees Figure.NZ’s model as having global potential. But for now, " "their focus is completely on making Figure.NZ work in New Zealand and to get " -"the “network effect”— users dramatically increasing value for themselves and " -"for others through use of their service. Creative Commons is core to making " -"the network effect possible." +"the <quote>network effect</quote>— users dramatically increasing value for " +"themselves and for others through use of their service. Creative Commons is " +"core to making the network effect possible." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5129 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5142 msgid "Knowledge Unlatched" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5132 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5145 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched is a not-for-profit community interest company that " "brings libraries together to pool funds to publish open-access books. " @@ -6700,32 +6774,32 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5137 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5150 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://knowledgeunlatched.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5139 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5152 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: crowdfunding " "(specialized)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5142 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5155 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 26, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5145 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5158 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Frances Pinter, founder" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5153 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5166 msgid "" -"The serial entrepreneur Dr. Frances Pinter has been at the forefront of " +"The serial entrepreneur Dr. Frances Pinter has been at the forefront of " "innovation in the publishing industry for nearly forty years. She founded " "the UK-based Knowledge Unlatched with a mission to enable open access to " "scholarly books. For Frances, the current scholarly- book-publishing system " @@ -6740,16 +6814,16 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5169 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5182 msgid "" -"Dr. Pinter has been in academic publishing most of her career. About ten " +"Dr. Pinter has been in academic publishing most of her career. About ten " "years ago, she became acquainted with the Creative Commons founder Lawrence " "Lessig and got interested in Creative Commons as a tool for both protecting " "content online and distributing it free to users." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5176 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5189 msgid "" "Not long after, she ran a project in Africa convincing publishers in Uganda " "and South Africa to put some of their content online for free using a " @@ -6758,7 +6832,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5182 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5195 msgid "" "In 2008, Bloomsbury Academic, a new imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing in the " "United Kingdom, appointed her its founding publisher in London. As part of " @@ -6776,18 +6850,18 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5199 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5212 msgid "" "Frances began to look at customer interest in the three forms of the book: " "1) the Creative Commons–licensed free online book in PDF form, 2) the " "printed book, and 3) a digital version of the book on an aggregator platform " -"with enhanced features. She thought of this as the “ice cream model”: the " -"free PDF was vanilla ice cream, the printed book was an ice cream cone, and " -"the enhanced e-book was an ice cream sundae." +"with enhanced features. She thought of this as the <quote>ice cream model</" +"quote>: the free PDF was vanilla ice cream, the printed book was an ice " +"cream cone, and the enhanced e-book was an ice cream sundae." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5208 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5221 msgid "" "After a while, Frances had an epiphany—what if there was a way to get " "libraries to underwrite the costs of making these books up until they’re " @@ -6798,17 +6872,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5217 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5230 msgid "" "This idea is similar to the article-processing charge some open-access " "journals charge researchers to cover publishing costs. Frances began to " -"imagine a coalition of libraries paying for the prepress costs—a “book-" -"processing charge”—and providing everyone in the world with an open-access " -"version of the books released under a Creative Commons license." +"imagine a coalition of libraries paying for the prepress costs—a <quote>book-" +"processing charge</quote>—and providing everyone in the world with an open-" +"access version of the books released under a Creative Commons license." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5225 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5238 msgid "" "This idea really took hold in her mind. She didn’t really have a name for it " "but began talking about it and making presentations to see if there was " @@ -6821,35 +6895,35 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5236 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5249 msgid "" "She describes the business model in a paper called Knowledge Unlatched: " "Toward an Open and Networked Future for Academic Publishing:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5243 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5256 msgid "" "Publishers offer titles for sale reflecting origination costs only via " "Knowledge Unlatched." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5249 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5262 msgid "" "Individual libraries select titles either as individual titles or as " "collections (as they do from library suppliers now)." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5255 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5268 msgid "" "Their selections are sent to Knowledge Unlatched specifying the titles to be " "purchased at the stated price(s)." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5261 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5274 msgid "" "The price, called a Title Fee (set by publishers and negotiated by Knowledge " "Unlatched), is paid to publishers to cover the fixed costs of publishing " @@ -6858,7 +6932,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5270 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5283 msgid "" "Publishers make the selected titles available Open Access (on a Creative " "Commons or similar open license) and are then paid the Title Fee which is " @@ -6866,12 +6940,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5280 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5293 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.pinter.org.uk/pdfs/Toward_an_Open.pdf\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5277 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5290 msgid "" "Publishers make print copies, e-Pub, and other digital versions of selected " "titles available to member libraries at a discount that reflects their " @@ -6880,7 +6954,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5285 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5298 msgid "" "The first round of this model resulted in a collection of twenty-eight " "current titles from thirteen recognized scholarly publishers being " @@ -6892,14 +6966,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5296 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5309 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://collections.knowledgeunlatched.org/collection-" "availability-1/\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5295 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5308 msgid "" "The open-access, Creative Commons versions of these twenty-eight books are " "still available online.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Most books " @@ -6913,7 +6987,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5306 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5319 msgid "" "There are three cost variables to consider for each round: the overall cost " "incurred by the publishers, total cost for each library to acquire all the " @@ -6926,7 +7000,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5318 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5331 msgid "" "The second round, recently completed, unlatched seventy-eight books from " "twenty-six publishers. For this round, Frances was experimenting with the " @@ -6942,7 +7016,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5333 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5346 msgid "" "The longest part of the whole process is getting libraries to pledge and " "commit funds. It takes about five months, as library buy-in has to fit " @@ -6950,7 +7024,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5339 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5352 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched informs and recruits libraries through social media, " "mailing lists, listservs, and library associations. Of the three hundred " @@ -6962,7 +7036,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5349 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5362 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched is scaling up, offering 150 new titles in the second " "half of 2016. It will also offer backlist titles, and in 2017 will start to " @@ -6970,7 +7044,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5354 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5367 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched deliberately chose monographs as the initial type of " "book to unlatch. Monographs are foundational and important, but also " @@ -6978,7 +7052,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5360 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5373 msgid "" "The cost for the publisher to get to a first digital copy of a monograph is " "$5,000 to $50,000. A good one costs in the $10,000 to $15,000 range. " @@ -6990,13 +7064,13 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5377 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5390 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.knowledgeunlatched.org/featured-authors-section/\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5370 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5383 msgid "" "Authors don’t generally make a lot of royalties from monographs. Royalties " "range from zero dollars to 5 to 10 percent of receipts. The value to the " @@ -7009,7 +7083,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5380 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5393 msgid "" "Library budgets are constantly being squeezed, partly due to the inflation " "of journal subscriptions. But even without budget constraints, academic " @@ -7021,7 +7095,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5391 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5404 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched offers libraries a compelling economic argument. Many of " "the participating libraries would have bought a copy of the monograph " @@ -7031,7 +7105,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5399 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5412 msgid "" "Not only do the economics make sense, but there is very strong alignment " "with library mandates. The participating libraries pay less than they would " @@ -7039,20 +7113,20 @@ msgid "" "libraries. While this means nonparticipating libraries could be seen as free " "riders, in the library world, wealthy libraries are used to paying more than " "poor libraries and accept that part of their money should be spent to " -"support open access. “Free ride” is more like community responsibility. By " -"the end of March 2016, the round-one books had been downloaded nearly eighty " -"thousand times in 175 countries." +"support open access. <quote>Free ride</quote> is more like community " +"responsibility. By the end of March 2016, the round-one books had been " +"downloaded nearly eighty thousand times in 175 countries." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5411 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5425 msgid "" "For publishers, authors, and librarians, the Knowledge Unlatched model for " "monographs is a win-win-win." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5415 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5429 msgid "" "In the first round, Knowledge Unlatched’s overheads were covered by grants. " "In the second round, they aim to demonstrate the model is sustainable. " @@ -7065,7 +7139,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5426 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5440 msgid "" "Frances believes that Knowledge Unlatched is tapping into new ways of " "valuing academic content. It’s about considering how many people can find, " @@ -7078,50 +7152,50 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5438 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5452 msgid "Lumen Learning" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5441 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5455 msgid "" "Lumen Learning is a for-profit company helping educational institutions use " "open educational resources (OER). Founded in 2013 in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5446 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5460 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://lumenlearning.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5448 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5462 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for custom " "services, grant funding" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5451 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5465 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: December 21, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5454 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5468 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: David Wiley and Kim " "Thanos, cofounders" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5468 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5482 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://lumenlearning.com/innovative-projects/\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5462 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5476 msgid "" -"Cofounded by open education visionary Dr. David Wiley and education-" +"Cofounded by open education visionary Dr. David Wiley and education-" "technology strategist Kim Thanos, Lumen Learning is dedicated to improving " "student success, bringing new ideas to pedagogy, and making education more " "affordable by facilitating adoption of open educational resources. In 2012, " @@ -7143,7 +7217,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5485 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5499 msgid "" "David and Kim went back and forth on whether it should be a nonprofit or " "for- profit. A nonprofit would make it a more comfortable fit with the " @@ -7155,7 +7229,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5495 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5509 msgid "" "But as a for-profit, they’d have to convince educational institutions to pay " "for what Lumen had to offer. On the positive side, they’d have more control " @@ -7166,7 +7240,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5504 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5518 msgid "" "Right from the start, David and Kim positioned Lumen Learning as a way to " "help institutions engage in open educational resources, or OER. OER are " @@ -7176,7 +7250,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5512 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5526 msgid "" "Originally, Lumen did custom contracts for each institution. This was " "complicated and challenging to manage. However, through that process " @@ -7191,33 +7265,33 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5528 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5542 msgid "replace expensive textbooks in high-enrollment courses with OER;" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5534 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5548 msgid "" "provide enrolled students day one access to Lumen’s fully customizable OER " "course materials through the institution’s learning-management system;" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5541 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5555 msgid "" "measure improvements in student success with metrics like passing rates, " "persistence, and course completion; and" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5547 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5561 msgid "" "collaborate with faculty to make ongoing improvements to OER based on " "student success research." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5553 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5567 msgid "" "Lumen has developed a suite of open, Creative Commons–licensed courseware in " "more than sixty-five subjects. All courses are freely and publicly available " @@ -7227,7 +7301,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5561 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5575 msgid "" "Then there are three types of bundled services that cost money. One option, " "which Lumen calls Candela courseware, offers integration with the " @@ -7237,7 +7311,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5569 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5583 msgid "" "A second option is Waymaker, which offers the services of Candela but adds " "personalized learning technologies, such as study plans, automated messages, " @@ -7246,7 +7320,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5576 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5590 msgid "" "The third and emerging line of business for Lumen is providing guidance and " "support for institutions and state systems that are pursuing the development " @@ -7257,7 +7331,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5585 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5599 msgid "" "Lumen generates revenue by charging for their value-added tools and services " "on top of their free courses, just as solar-power companies provide the " @@ -7275,7 +7349,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5602 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5616 msgid "" "In most cases, development of their courses is funded by the institution " "Lumen has a contract with. When creating new courses, Lumen typically works " @@ -7288,7 +7362,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5613 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5627 msgid "" "Sometimes faculty like the existing OER but not the way it is presented. The " "open licensing of existing OER allows Lumen to pick and choose from images, " @@ -7301,7 +7375,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5624 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5638 msgid "" "Using only OER made them experience firsthand how complex it could be to mix " "differently licensed work together. A common strategy with OER is to place " @@ -7311,7 +7385,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5632 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5646 msgid "" "Remixing OER often results in multiple attributions on every page of every " "course—text from one place, images from another, and videos from yet " @@ -7324,7 +7398,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5643 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5657 msgid "" "Lumen’s commitment to open licensing and helping low-income students has led " "to strong relationships with institutions, open-education enthusiasts, and " @@ -7334,7 +7408,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5651 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5665 msgid "" "To manage demand and ensure the success of projects, their strategy is to be " "proactive and focus on what’s going on in higher education in different " @@ -7348,7 +7422,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5664 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5678 msgid "" "As a business, Lumen is committed to openness. There are two core " "nonnegotiables: Lumen’s use of CC BY, the most permissive of the Creative " @@ -7360,7 +7434,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5674 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5688 msgid "" "Openness also means that Lumen’s OER must necessarily be nonexclusive and " "nonrivalrous. This represents several big challenges for the business model: " @@ -7372,7 +7446,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5684 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5698 msgid "" "In the OER sector, there are examples of corporations, and even " "institutions, acting as free riders. Some simply take and use open resources " @@ -7383,7 +7457,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5693 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5707 msgid "" "Lumen does track institutions accessing and using their free content. They " "proactively contact those institutions, with an estimate of how much their " @@ -7396,7 +7470,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5704 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5718 msgid "" "Lumen works hard to be a good corporate citizen in the OER community. For " "David and Kim, a good corporate citizen gives more than they take, adds " @@ -7407,7 +7481,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5713 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5727 msgid "" "Licensing all the content they produce with CC BY is a key part of giving " "more value than they take. They’ve also worked hard at finding the right " @@ -7416,7 +7490,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5719 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5733 msgid "" "As of the fall 2016 term, Lumen had eighty-six different open courses, " "working relationships with ninety-two institutions, and more than seventy-" @@ -7429,7 +7503,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5731 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5745 msgid "" "In creating Lumen Learning, David and Kim say they’ve landed on solutions " "they never imagined, and there is still a lot of learning taking place. For " @@ -7441,26 +7515,26 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5742 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5756 msgid "Jonathan Mann" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5745 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5759 msgid "" -"Jonathan Mann is a singer and songwriter who is most well known as the “Song " -"A Day” guy. Based in the U.S." +"Jonathan Mann is a singer and songwriter who is most well known as the " +"<quote>Song A Day</quote> guy. Based in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5748 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5762 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://jonathanmann.net\"/> and <ulink url=\"http://" "jonathanmann.bandcamp.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5751 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5765 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for custom " "services, pay-what-you-want, crowdfunding (subscription-based), charging for " @@ -7468,25 +7542,26 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5756 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5770 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 22, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5764 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5778 msgid "" -"Jonathan Mann thinks of his business model as “hustling”—seizing nearly " -"every opportunity he sees to make money. The bulk of his income comes from " -"writing songs under commission for people and companies, but he has a wide " -"variety of income sources. He has supporters on the crowdfunding site " -"Patreon. He gets advertising revenue from YouTube and Bandcamp, where he " -"posts all of his music. He gives paid speaking engagements about creativity " -"and motivation. He has been hired by major conferences to write songs " -"summarizing what speakers have said in the conference sessions." +"Jonathan Mann thinks of his business model as <quote>hustling</quote>—" +"seizing nearly every opportunity he sees to make money. The bulk of his " +"income comes from writing songs under commission for people and companies, " +"but he has a wide variety of income sources. He has supporters on the " +"crowdfunding site Patreon. He gets advertising revenue from YouTube and " +"Bandcamp, where he posts all of his music. He gives paid speaking " +"engagements about creativity and motivation. He has been hired by major " +"conferences to write songs summarizing what speakers have said in the " +"conference sessions." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5775 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5790 msgid "" "His entrepreneurial spirit is coupled with a willingness to take action " "quickly. A perfect illustration of his ability to act fast happened in 2010, " @@ -7499,16 +7574,16 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5786 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5801 msgid "" -"Jonathan’s successful “hustling” is also about old-fashioned persistence. He " -"is currently in his eighth straight year of writing one song each day. He " -"holds the Guinness World Record for consecutive daily songwriting, and he is " -"widely known as the “song-a-day guy.”" +"Jonathan’s successful <quote>hustling</quote> is also about old-fashioned " +"persistence. He is currently in his eighth straight year of writing one song " +"each day. He holds the Guinness World Record for consecutive daily " +"songwriting, and he is widely known as the <quote>song-a-day guy.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5793 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5808 msgid "" "He fell into this role by, naturally, seizing a random opportunity a friend " "alerted him to seven years ago—an event called Fun-A-Day, where people are " @@ -7520,7 +7595,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5803 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5818 msgid "" "He had a really good time doing the thirty-one-day challenge, so he decided " "to see if he could continue it for one year. He never stopped. He has " @@ -7537,7 +7612,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5819 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5834 msgid "" "Over time, the song-a-day gig became the basis of his livelihood. In the " "beginning, he made money one of two ways. The first was by entering a wide " @@ -7548,75 +7623,77 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5828 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5843 msgid "" -"His website explains his gig as “taking any message, from the super simple " -"to the totally complicated, and conveying that message through a heartfelt, " -"fun and quirky song.” He charges $500 to create a produced song and $300 for " -"an acoustic song. He has been hired for product launches, weddings, " -"conferences, and even Kickstarter campaigns like the one that funded the " -"production of this book." +"His website explains his gig as <quote>taking any message, from the super " +"simple to the totally complicated, and conveying that message through a " +"heartfelt, fun and quirky song.</quote> He charges $500 to create a produced " +"song and $300 for an acoustic song. He has been hired for product launches, " +"weddings, conferences, and even Kickstarter campaigns like the one that " +"funded the production of this book." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5837 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5852 msgid "" "Jonathan can’t recall when exactly he first learned about Creative Commons, " "but he began applying CC licenses to his songs and videos as soon as he " -"discovered the option. “CC seems like such a no-brainer,” Jonathan said. “I " -"don’t understand how anything else would make sense. It seems like such an " -"obvious thing that you would want your work to be able to be shared.”" +"discovered the option. <quote>CC seems like such a no-brainer,</quote> " +"Jonathan said. <quote>I don’t understand how anything else would make sense. " +"It seems like such an obvious thing that you would want your work to be able " +"to be shared.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5845 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5861 msgid "" "His songs are essentially marketing for his services, so obviously the " "further his songs spread, the better. Using CC licenses helps grease the " "wheels, letting people know that Jonathan allows and encourages them to " -"copy, interact with, and remix his music. “If you let someone cover your " -"song or remix it or use parts of it, that’s how music is supposed to work,” " -"Jonathan said. “That is how music has worked since the beginning of time. " -"Our me-me, mine-mine culture has undermined that.”" +"copy, interact with, and remix his music. <quote>If you let someone cover " +"your song or remix it or use parts of it, that’s how music is supposed to " +"work,</quote> Jonathan said. <quote>That is how music has worked since the " +"beginning of time. Our me-me, mine-mine culture has undermined that.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5855 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5871 msgid "" "There are some people who cover his songs fairly regularly, and he would " "never shut that down. But he acknowledges there is a lot more he could do to " -"build community. “There is all of this conventional wisdom about how to " -"build an audience online, and I generally think I don’t do any of that,” " -"Jonathan said." +"build community. <quote>There is all of this conventional wisdom about how " +"to build an audience online, and I generally think I don’t do any of that,</" +"quote> Jonathan said." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5862 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5878 msgid "" "He does have a fan community he cultivates on Bandcamp, but it isn’t his " -"major focus. “I do have a core audience that has stuck around for a really " -"long time, some even longer than I’ve been doing song-a-day,” he said. " -"“There is also a transitional aspect that drop in and get what they need and " -"then move on.” Focusing less on community building than other artists makes " -"sense given Jonathan’s primary income source of writing custom songs for " -"clients." +"major focus. <quote>I do have a core audience that has stuck around for a " +"really long time, some even longer than I’ve been doing song-a-day,</quote> " +"he said. <quote>There is also a transitional aspect that drop in and get " +"what they need and then move on.</quote> Focusing less on community building " +"than other artists makes sense given Jonathan’s primary income source of " +"writing custom songs for clients." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5872 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5888 msgid "" "Jonathan recognizes what comes naturally to him and leverages those skills. " "Through the practice of daily songwriting, he realized he has a gift for " "distilling complicated subjects into simple concepts and putting them to " -"music. In his song “How to Choose a Master Password,” Jonathan explained the " -"process of creating a secure password in a silly, simple song. He was hired " -"to write the song by a client who handed him a long technical blog post from " -"which to draw the information. Like a good (and rare) journalist, he " -"translated the technical concepts into something understandable." +"music. In his song <quote>How to Choose a Master Password,</quote> Jonathan " +"explained the process of creating a secure password in a silly, simple song. " +"He was hired to write the song by a client who handed him a long technical " +"blog post from which to draw the information. Like a good (and rare) " +"journalist, he translated the technical concepts into something " +"understandable." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5884 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5900 msgid "" "When he is hired by a client to write a song, he first asks them to send a " "list of talking points and other information they want to include in the " @@ -7625,14 +7702,15 @@ msgid "" "thing he tries to do is grok the core message and develop the chorus. Then " "he looks for connections or parts he can make rhyme. The entire process " "really does resemble good journalism, but of course the final product of his " -"work is a song rather than news. “There is something about being challenged " -"and forced to take information that doesn’t seem like it should be sung " -"about or doesn’t seem like it lends itself to a song,” he said. “I find that " -"creative challenge really satisfying. I enjoy getting lost in that process.”" +"work is a song rather than news. <quote>There is something about being " +"challenged and forced to take information that doesn’t seem like it should " +"be sung about or doesn’t seem like it lends itself to a song,</quote> he " +"said. <quote>I find that creative challenge really satisfying. I enjoy " +"getting lost in that process.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5899 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5916 msgid "" "Jonathan admits that in an ideal world, he would exclusively write the music " "he wanted to write, rather than what clients hire him to write. But his " @@ -7641,21 +7719,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5906 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5923 msgid "" "Jonathan uses nearly every tool possible to make money from his art, but he " "does have lines he won’t cross. He won’t write songs about things he " "fundamentally does not believe in, and there are times he has turned down " -"jobs on principle. He also won’t stray too much from his natural style. “My " -"style is silly, so I can’t really accommodate people who want something " -"super serious,” Jonathan said. “I do what I do very easily, and it’s part of " -"who I am.” Jonathan hasn’t gotten into writing commercials for the same " -"reasons; he is best at using his own unique style rather than mimicking " -"others." +"jobs on principle. He also won’t stray too much from his natural style. " +"<quote>My style is silly, so I can’t really accommodate people who want " +"something super serious,</quote> Jonathan said. <quote>I do what I do very " +"easily, and it’s part of who I am.</quote> Jonathan hasn’t gotten into " +"writing commercials for the same reasons; he is best at using his own unique " +"style rather than mimicking others." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5918 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5935 msgid "" "Jonathan’s song-a-day commitment exemplifies the power of habit and grit. " "Conventional wisdom about creative productivity, including advice in books " @@ -7666,7 +7744,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5927 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5944 msgid "" "When he speaks about his work, he talks about how much the song-a-day " "process has changed him. Rather than seeing any given piece of work as " @@ -7676,7 +7754,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5934 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5951 msgid "" "Jonathan seems to have this mentality about his career more generally. He is " "constantly experimenting with ways to make a living while sharing his work " @@ -7686,20 +7764,20 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5942 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5958 msgid "" -"“Success feels like it’s over,” he said. “To a certain extent, a creative " -"person is not ever going to feel completely satisfied because then so much " -"of what drives you would be gone.”" +"<quote>Success feels like it’s over,</quote> he said. <quote>To a certain " +"extent, a creative person is not ever going to feel completely satisfied " +"because then so much of what drives you would be gone.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5948 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5965 msgid "Noun Project" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5951 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5968 msgid "" "The Noun Project is a for-profit company offering an online platform to " "display visual icons from a global network of designers. Founded in 2010 in " @@ -7707,30 +7785,30 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5956 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5973 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://thenounproject.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5958 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5975 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging a transaction " "fee, charging for custom services" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5961 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5978 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: October 6, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5964 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5981 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Edward Boatman, cofounder" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5972 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5989 msgid "" "The Noun Project creates and shares visual language. There are millions who " "use Noun Project symbols to simplify communication across borders, " @@ -7738,7 +7816,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5977 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5994 msgid "" "The original idea for the Noun Project came to cofounder Edward Boatman " "while he was a student in architecture design school. He’d always done a lot " @@ -7749,7 +7827,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5985 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6002 msgid "" "When Edward went on to work at an architecture firm, he had to make a lot of " "presentation boards for clients. But finding high-quality sources for " @@ -7759,7 +7837,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5993 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6010 msgid "" "With his partner, Sofya Polyakov, he began collecting symbols for a website " "and writing a business plan. Inspiration came from the book Professor and " @@ -7769,14 +7847,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6004 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6021 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.kickstarter.com/projects/tnp/building-a-free-" "collection-of-our-worlds-visual-sy/description\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6001 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6018 msgid "" "Then Edward got laid off during the recession, which turned out to be a huge " "catalyst. He decided to give his idea a go, and in 2010 Edward and Sofya " @@ -7788,17 +7866,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6010 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6027 msgid "" "They created a platform where symbols and icons could be uploaded, and " "Edward began recruiting talented designers to contribute their designs, a " "process he describes as a relatively easy sell. Lots of designers have old " -"drawings just gathering “digital dust” on their hard drives. It’s easy to " -"convince them to finally share them with the world." +"drawings just gathering <quote>digital dust</quote> on their hard drives. " +"It’s easy to convince them to finally share them with the world." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6018 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6035 msgid "" "The Noun Project currently has about seven thousand designers from around " "the world. But not all submissions are accepted. The Noun Project’s quality-" @@ -7809,7 +7887,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6027 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6044 msgid "" "Creative Commons is an integral part of the Noun Project’s business model; " "this decision was inspired by Chris Anderson’s book Free: The Future of " @@ -7818,7 +7896,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6034 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6051 msgid "" "Edward knew he wanted to offer a free visual language while still providing " "some protection and reward for its contributors. There is a tension between " @@ -7833,7 +7911,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6048 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6065 msgid "" "Noun Project’s business model and means of generating revenue have evolved " "significantly over time. Their initial plan was to sell T-shirts with the " @@ -7841,11 +7919,12 @@ msgid "" "get a lot of email from people saying they loved the icons but asking if " "they could pay a fee instead of giving attribution. Ad agencies (among " "others) wanted to keep marketing and presentation materials clean and free " -"of attribution statements. For Edward, “That’s when our lightbulb went off.”" +"of attribution statements. For Edward, <quote>That’s when our lightbulb went " +"off.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6058 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6076 msgid "" "They asked their global network of designers whether they’d be open to " "receiving modest remuneration instead of attribution. Designers saw it as a " @@ -7855,7 +7934,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6065 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6083 msgid "" "The Noun Project first adopted a model whereby using an icon without giving " "attribution would cost $1.99 per icon. The model’s second iteration added a " @@ -7871,7 +7950,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6079 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6097 msgid "" "Customers then began asking for an application-programming interface (API), " "which would allow Noun Project icons and symbols to be directly accessed " @@ -7880,13 +7959,13 @@ msgid "" "know all of them in advance, so they built an API with a lot of " "flexibility. Knowing that most API applications would want to use the icons " "without giving attribution, the API was built with the aim of charging for " -"its use. You can use what’s called the “Playground API” for free to test how " -"it integrates with your application, but full implementation will require " -"you to purchase the API Pro version." +"its use. You can use what’s called the <quote>Playground API</quote> for " +"free to test how it integrates with your application, but full " +"implementation will require you to purchase the API Pro version." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6093 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6111 msgid "" "The Noun Project shares revenue with its international designers. For one-" "off purchases, the revenue is split 70 percent to the designer and 30 " @@ -7894,7 +7973,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6098 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6116 msgid "" "The revenue from premium purchases (the subscription and API options) is " "split a little differently. At the end of each month, the total revenue from " @@ -7907,14 +7986,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6110 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6182 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6128 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6200 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://thenounproject.com/handbook/royalties/#getting_paid\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6109 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6127 msgid "" "The Noun Project tries to be completely transparent about their royalty " "structure.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> They tend to over " @@ -7923,7 +8002,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6114 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6132 msgid "" "For most creators, contributing to the Noun Project is not a full-time job " "but something they do on the side. Edward categorizes monthly earnings for " @@ -7932,7 +8011,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6121 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6139 msgid "" "Recently the Noun Project launched a new app called Lingo. Designers can " "use Lingo to organize not just their Noun Project icons and symbols but also " @@ -7947,7 +8026,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6135 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6153 msgid "" "The Noun Project gives a ton of value away for free. A very large percentage " "of their roughly one million members have a free account, but there are " @@ -7957,15 +8036,16 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6142 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6160 msgid "" -"For Edward, “creating, sharing, and celebrating the world’s visual language” " -"is the most important aspect of what they do; it’s their stated mission. It " -"differentiates them from others who offer graphics, icons, or clip art." +"For Edward, <quote>creating, sharing, and celebrating the world’s visual " +"language</quote> is the most important aspect of what they do; it’s their " +"stated mission. It differentiates them from others who offer graphics, " +"icons, or clip art." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6148 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6166 msgid "" "Noun Project creators agree. When surveyed on why they participate in the " "Noun Project, this is how designers rank their reasons: 1) to support the " @@ -7976,7 +8056,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6157 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6175 msgid "" "In Edward’s view, Creative Commons is central to their mission of sharing " "and social good. Using Creative Commons makes the Noun Project’s mission " @@ -7985,19 +8065,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6164 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6182 msgid "" -"Edward told us, “Don’t underestimate the power of a passionate community " -"around your product or your business. They are going to go to bat for you " -"when you’re getting ripped in the media. If you go down the road of choosing " -"to work with Creative Commons, you’re taking the first step to building a " -"great community and tapping into a really awesome community that comes with " -"it. But you need to continue to foster that community through other " -"initiatives and continue to nurture it.”" +"Edward told us, <quote>Don’t underestimate the power of a passionate " +"community around your product or your business. They are going to go to bat " +"for you when you’re getting ripped in the media. If you go down the road of " +"choosing to work with Creative Commons, you’re taking the first step to " +"building a great community and tapping into a really awesome community that " +"comes with it. But you need to continue to foster that community through " +"other initiatives and continue to nurture it.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6174 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6192 msgid "" "The Noun Project nurtures their creators’ second motivation—promoting a " "personal brand—by connecting every icon and symbol to the creator’s name and " @@ -8006,7 +8086,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6181 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6199 msgid "" "The Noun Project also builds community through Iconathons—hackathons for " "icons.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> In partnership with a " @@ -8018,7 +8098,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6190 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6208 msgid "" "Providing a free version of their product that satisfies a lot of their " "customers’ needs has actually enabled the Noun Project to build the paid " @@ -8030,12 +8110,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6201 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6219 msgid "Open Data Institute" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6204 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6222 msgid "" "The Open Data Institute is an independent nonprofit that connects, equips, " "and inspires people around the world to innovate with data. Founded in 2012 " @@ -8043,31 +8123,31 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6209 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6227 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://theodi.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6211 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6229 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: grant and government " "funding, charging for custom services, donations" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6214 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6232 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: November 11, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6217 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6235 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Jeni Tennison, technical " "director" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6225 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6243 msgid "" "Cofounded by Sir Tim Berners-Lee and Sir Nigel Shadbolt in 2012, the London-" "based Open Data Institute (ODI) offers data-related training, events, " @@ -8079,7 +8159,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6235 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6253 msgid "" "Data underpins planning and decision making across all aspects of society. " "Weather data helps farmers know when to plant their crops, flight time data " @@ -8093,7 +8173,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6247 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6265 msgid "" "The Open Data Institute’s 2012–17 business plan starts out by describing its " "vision to establish itself as a world-leading center and to research and be " @@ -8103,49 +8183,49 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6257 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6275 msgid "" "demonstrate the commercial value of open government data and how open-data " "policies affect this;" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6263 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6281 msgid "develop the economic benefits case and business models for open data;" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6269 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6287 msgid "help UK businesses use open data; and" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6274 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6292 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://e642e8368e3bf8d5526e-464b4b70b4554c1a79566214d402739e.r6." "cf3.rackcdn.com/odi-business-plan-may-release.pdf\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6274 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6292 msgid "" "show how open data can improve public services.<placeholder type=\"footnote" "\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6279 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6297 msgid "" "ODI is very explicit about how it wants to make open business models, and " "defining what this means. Jeni Tennison, ODI’s technical director, puts it " -"this way: “There is a whole ecosystem of open—open-source software, open " -"government, open-access research—and a whole ecosystem of data. ODI’s work " -"cuts across both, with an emphasis on where they overlap—with open data.” " -"ODI’s particular focus is to show open data’s potential for revenue." +"this way: <quote>There is a whole ecosystem of open—open-source software, " +"open government, open-access research—and a whole ecosystem of data. ODI’s " +"work cuts across both, with an emphasis on where they overlap—with open data." +"</quote> ODI’s particular focus is to show open data’s potential for revenue." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6289 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6307 msgid "" "As an independent nonprofit, ODI secured £10 million over five years from " "the UK government via Innovate UK, an agency that promotes innovation in " @@ -8155,7 +8235,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6297 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6315 msgid "" "Jeni started out as a developer and technical architect for data.gov.uk, the " "UK government’s pioneering open-data initiative. She helped make data sets " @@ -8165,7 +8245,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6304 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6322 msgid "" "ODI strives to have half its annual budget come from the core UK government " "and Omidyar grants, and the other half from project-based research and " @@ -8175,19 +8255,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6312 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6330 msgid "" "On the commercial side, ODI generates funding through memberships, training, " "and advisory services." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6327 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6345 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://directory.theodi.org/members\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6316 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6334 msgid "" "You can join the ODI as an individual or commercial member. Individual " "membership is pay-what-you-can, with options ranging from £1 to £100. " @@ -8202,7 +8282,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6330 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6348 msgid "" "ODI provides standardized open data training courses in which anyone can " "enroll. The initial idea was to offer an intensive and academically oriented " @@ -8210,14 +8290,14 @@ msgid "" "that. Instead, they offered a five-day-long public training course, which " "has subsequently been reduced to three days; now the most popular course is " "one day long. The fee, in addition to the time commitment, can be a barrier " -"for participation. Jeni says, “Most of the people who would be able to pay " -"don’t know they need it. Most who know they need it can’t pay.” Public-" -"sector organizations sometimes give vouchers to their employees so they can " -"attend as a form of professional development." +"for participation. Jeni says, <quote>Most of the people who would be able to " +"pay don’t know they need it. Most who know they need it can’t pay.</quote> " +"Public-sector organizations sometimes give vouchers to their employees so " +"they can attend as a form of professional development." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6344 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6362 msgid "" "ODI customizes training for clients as well, for which there is more demand. " "Custom training usually emerges through an established relationship with an " @@ -8228,7 +8308,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6353 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6371 msgid "" "Education about open data is also a part of ODI’s annual summit event, where " "curated presentations and speakers showcase the work of ODI and its members " @@ -8238,7 +8318,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6361 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6379 msgid "" "In addition to memberships and training, ODI provides advisory services to " "help with technical-data support, technology development, change management, " @@ -8249,13 +8329,13 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6370 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6388 msgid "" "On the commercial side, the following value propositions seem to resonate:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6376 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6394 msgid "" "Data-driven insights. Businesses need data from outside their business to " "get more insight. Businesses can generate value and more effectively pursue " @@ -8263,7 +8343,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6384 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6402 msgid "" "Open innovation. Many large-scale enterprises are aware they don’t innovate " "very well. One way they can innovate is to open up their data. ODI " @@ -8273,7 +8353,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6393 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6411 msgid "" "Corporate social responsibility. While this resonates with businesses, ODI " "cautions against having it be the sole reason for making data open. If a " @@ -8282,18 +8362,18 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6402 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6420 msgid "" "During their early years, ODI wanted to focus solely on the United Kingdom. " "But in their first year, large delegations of government visitors from over " "fifty countries wanted to learn more about the UK government’s open-data " "practices and how ODI saw that translating into economic value. They were " "contracted as a service provider to international governments, which " -"prompted a need to set up international ODI “nodes.”" +"prompted a need to set up international ODI <quote>nodes.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6411 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6429 msgid "" "Nodes are franchises of the ODI at a regional or city level. Hosted by " "existing (for-profit or not-for-profit) organizations, they operate locally " @@ -8306,14 +8386,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6425 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6443 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://theodi.org/odi-startup-programme\"/>; <ulink url=" "\"http://theodi.org/open-data-incubator-for-europe\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6423 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6441 msgid "" "ODI also runs programs to help start-ups in the UK and across Europe develop " "a sustainable business around open data, offering mentoring, advice, " @@ -8321,7 +8401,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6429 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6447 msgid "" "A big part of ODI’s business model revolves around community building. " "Memberships, training, summits, consulting services, nodes, and start-up " @@ -8332,12 +8412,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6443 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6461 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://certificates.theodi.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6438 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6456 msgid "" "ODI has created an online tool that organizations can use to assess the " "legal, practical, technical, and social aspects of their open data. If it is " @@ -8348,7 +8428,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6446 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6464 msgid "" "Separate from commercial activities, the ODI generates funding through " "research grants. Research includes looking at evidence on the impact of open " @@ -8357,16 +8437,16 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6452 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6470 msgid "" "Creative Commons 4.0 licenses cover database rights and ODI recommends CC " "BY, CC BY-SA, and CC0 for data releases. ODI encourages publishers of data " -"to use Creative Commons licenses rather than creating new “open licenses” of " -"their own." +"to use Creative Commons licenses rather than creating new <quote>open " +"licenses</quote> of their own." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6458 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6477 msgid "" "For ODI, open is at the heart of what they do. They also release any " "software code they produce under open-source-software licenses, and " @@ -8380,12 +8460,12 @@ msgid "" "people pay for the advice ODI gives them, not for the methodologies they " "use. Producing open content, data, and source code helps establish " "credibility and creates leads for the paid services that they offer. " -"According to Jeni, “The biggest lesson we have learned is that it is " -"completely possible to be open, get customers, and make money.”" +"According to Jeni, <quote>The biggest lesson we have learned is that it is " +"completely possible to be open, get customers, and make money.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6476 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6495 msgid "" "To serve as evidence of a successful open business model and return on " "investment, ODI has a public dashboard of key performance indicators. Here " @@ -8393,7 +8473,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6484 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6503 msgid "" "Total amount of cash investments unlocked in direct investments in ODI, " "competition funding, direct contracts, and partnerships, and income that ODI " @@ -8402,46 +8482,46 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6492 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6511 msgid "Total number of active members and nodes across the globe: 1,350" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6498 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6517 msgid "Total sales since ODI began: £7.44 million" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6503 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6522 msgid "" "Total number of unique people reached since ODI began, in person and online: " "2.2 million" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6509 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6528 msgid "Total Open Data Certificates created: 151,000" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6515 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6534 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://dashboards.theodi.org/company/all\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6514 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6533 msgid "" "Total number of people trained by ODI and its nodes since ODI began: " "5,080<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6521 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6540 msgid "OpenDesk" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6524 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6543 msgid "" "Opendesk is a for-profit company offering an online platform that connects " "furniture designers around the world with customers and local makers who " @@ -8449,32 +8529,32 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6530 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6549 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.opendesk.cc\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6532 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8947 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6551 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8982 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging a transaction " "fee" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6535 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6554 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: November 4, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6538 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6557 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: Nick Ierodiaconou and " "Joni Steiner, cofounders" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6546 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6565 msgid "" "Opendesk is an online platform that connects furniture designers around the " "world not just with customers but also with local registered makers who " @@ -8483,7 +8563,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6552 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6571 msgid "" "Cofounders Nick Ierodiaconou and Joni Steiner studied and worked as " "architects together. They also made goods. Their first client was Mint " @@ -8491,17 +8571,17 @@ msgid "" "digital fabrication, and Mint’s interest in open licensing got them to " "thinking how the open-source world may interact and apply to physical goods. " "They sought to design something for their client that was also reproducible. " -"As they put it, they decided to “ship the recipe, but not the goods.” They " -"created the design using software, put it under an open license, and had it " -"manufactured locally near the client. This was the start of the idea for " -"Opendesk. The idea for Wikihouse—another open project dedicated to " +"As they put it, they decided to <quote>ship the recipe, but not the goods.</" +"quote> They created the design using software, put it under an open license, " +"and had it manufactured locally near the client. This was the start of the " +"idea for Opendesk. The idea for Wikihouse—another open project dedicated to " "accessible housing for all—started as discussions around the same table. The " "two projects ultimately went on separate paths, with Wikihouse becoming a " "nonprofit foundation and Opendesk a for-profit company." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6569 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6588 msgid "" "When Nick and Joni set out to create Opendesk, there were a lot of questions " "about the viability of distributed manufacturing. No one was doing it in a " @@ -8510,7 +8590,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6576 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6595 msgid "" "And now this sector is emerging, and Nick and Joni are highly interested in " "the commercialization aspects of it. As part of coming up with a business " @@ -8523,7 +8603,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6587 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6606 msgid "" "When designing the Opendesk system, they had two goals. They wanted anyone, " "anywhere in the world, to be able to download designs so that they could be " @@ -8533,7 +8613,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6594 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6613 msgid "" "They gave a lot of thought to three angles—the potential for social sharing, " "allowing designers to choose their license, and the impact these choices " @@ -8541,7 +8621,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6599 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6618 msgid "" "In support of social sharing, Opendesk actively advocates for (but doesn’t " "demand) open licensing. And Nick and Joni are agnostic about which Creative " @@ -8551,21 +8631,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6610 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6630 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.opendesk.cc/designers\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6607 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6626 msgid "" "For the most part, designers love the idea of sharing content. They " "understand that you get positive feedback when you’re attributed, what Nick " -"and Joni called “reputational glow.” And Opendesk does an awesome job " -"profiling the designers.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"and Joni called <quote>reputational glow.</quote> And Opendesk does an " +"awesome job profiling the designers.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6613 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6633 msgid "" "While designers are largely OK with personal sharing, there is a concern " "that someone will take the design and manufacture the furniture in bulk, " @@ -8574,7 +8654,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6620 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6640 msgid "" "Anyone can download a design and make it themselves, provided it’s for " "noncommercial use — and there have been many, many downloads. Or users can " @@ -8586,25 +8666,25 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6637 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6657 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.opendesk.cc/open-making/makers/\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6630 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6650 msgid "" "Makers benefit from being part of Opendesk’s network. Making furniture for " "local customers is paid work, and Opendesk generates business for them. Joni " -"said, “Finding a whole network and community of makers was pretty easy " +"said, <quote>Finding a whole network and community of makers was pretty easy " "because we built a site where people could write in about their " "capabilities. Building the community by learning from the maker community is " -"how we have moved forward.” Opendesk now has relationships with hundreds of " -"makers in countries all around the world.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" -"\"0\"/>" +"how we have moved forward.</quote> Opendesk now has relationships with " +"hundreds of makers in countries all around the world.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6640 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6660 msgid "" "The makers are a critical part of the Opendesk business model. Their model " "builds off the makers’ quotes. Here’s how it’s expressed on Opendesk’s " @@ -8612,14 +8692,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6645 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6665 msgid "" "When customers buy an Opendesk product directly from a registered maker, " "they pay:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6651 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6671 msgid "" "the manufacturing cost as set by the maker (this covers material and labour " "costs for the product to be manufactured and any extra assembly costs " @@ -8627,14 +8707,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6658 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6678 msgid "" "a design fee for the designer (a design fee that is paid to the designer " "every time their design is used)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6664 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6684 msgid "" "a percentage fee to the Opendesk platform (this supports the infrastructure " "and ongoing development of the platform that helps us build out our " @@ -8642,7 +8722,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6671 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6691 msgid "" "a percentage fee to the channel through which the sale is made (at the " "moment this is Opendesk, but in the future we aim to open this up to third-" @@ -8651,14 +8731,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6680 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6700 msgid "" "a local delivery service charge (the delivery is typically charged by the " "maker, but in some cases may be paid to a third-party delivery partner)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6687 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6707 msgid "" "charges for any additional services the customer chooses, such as on-site " "assembly (additional services are discretionary—in many cases makers will be " @@ -8667,24 +8747,24 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6696 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6716 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.opendesk.cc/open-making/join\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6695 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6715 msgid "" "local sales taxes (variable by customer and maker location)<placeholder type=" "\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6701 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6721 msgid "They then go into detail how makers’ quotes are created:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6704 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6724 msgid "" "When a customer wants to buy an Opendesk . . . they are provided with a " "transparent breakdown of fees including the manufacturing cost, design fee, " @@ -8697,34 +8777,34 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6717 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6737 msgid "" "manufacturing cost: fabrication, finishing and any other costs as set by the " "maker (excluding any services like delivery or on-site assembly)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6724 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6744 msgid "design fee: 8 percent of the manufacturing cost" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6729 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6749 msgid "platform fee: 12 percent of the manufacturing cost" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6734 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6754 msgid "channel fee: 18 percent of the manufacturing cost" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6739 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6759 msgid "sales tax: as applicable (depends on product and location)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6744 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6764 msgid "" "Opendesk shares revenue with their community of designers. According to " "Nick and Joni, a typical designer fee is around 2.5 percent, so Opendesk’s 8 " @@ -8732,7 +8812,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6750 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6770 msgid "" "The Opendesk website features stories of designers and makers. Denis Fuzii " "published the design for the Valovi Chair from his studio in São Paulo. His " @@ -8742,7 +8822,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6758 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6778 msgid "" "To manage resources and remain effective, Opendesk has so far focused on a " "very narrow niche—primarily office furniture of a certain simple aesthetic, " @@ -8753,17 +8833,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6767 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6787 msgid "" -"On their website, Opendesk describes what they do as “open making”: " -"“Designers get a global distribution channel. Makers get profitable jobs and " -"new customers. You get designer products without the designer price tag, a " -"more social, eco-friendly alternative to mass-production and an affordable " -"way to buy custom-made products.”" +"On their website, Opendesk describes what they do as <quote>open making</" +"quote>: <quote>Designers get a global distribution channel. Makers get " +"profitable jobs and new customers. You get designer products without the " +"designer price tag, a more social, eco-friendly alternative to mass-" +"production and an affordable way to buy custom-made products.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6775 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6795 msgid "" "Nick and Joni say that customers like the fact that the furniture has a " "known provenance. People really like that their furniture was designed by a " @@ -8773,24 +8853,24 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6788 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6808 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://openmaking.is\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6783 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6803 msgid "" "Nick and Joni are taking a community-based approach to define and evolve " -"Opendesk and the “open making” business model. They’re engaging thought " -"leaders and practitioners to define this new movement. They have a separate " -"Open Making site, which includes a manifesto, a field guide, and an " -"invitation to get involved in the Open Making community.<placeholder type=" -"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> People can submit ideas and discuss the principles " -"and business practices they’d like to see used." +"Opendesk and the <quote>open making</quote> business model. They’re " +"engaging thought leaders and practitioners to define this new movement. They " +"have a separate Open Making site, which includes a manifesto, a field guide, " +"and an invitation to get involved in the Open Making community.<placeholder " +"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> People can submit ideas and discuss the " +"principles and business practices they’d like to see used." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6792 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6812 msgid "" "Nick and Joni talked a lot with us about intellectual property (IP) and " "commercialization. Many of their designers fear the idea that someone could " @@ -8800,29 +8880,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6800 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6820 msgid "" "Opendesk established a set of principles for what their community considers " "commercial and noncommercial use. Their website states:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6804 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6824 msgid "It is unambiguously commercial use when anyone:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6809 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6829 msgid "charges a fee or makes a profit when making an Opendesk" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6814 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6834 msgid "sells (or bases a commercial service on) an Opendesk" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6819 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6839 msgid "" "It follows from this that noncommercial use is when you make an Opendesk " "yourself, with no intention to gain commercial advantage or monetary " @@ -8830,28 +8910,28 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6827 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6847 msgid "" "you are an individual with your own CNC machine, or access to a shared CNC " "machine, and will personally cut and make a few pieces of furniture yourself" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6834 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6854 msgid "" "you are a student (or teacher) and you use the design files for educational " "purposes or training (and do not intend to sell the resulting pieces)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6841 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6861 msgid "" "you work for a charity and get furniture cut by volunteers, or by employees " "at a fab lab or maker space" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6847 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6867 msgid "" "Whether or not people technically are doing things that implicate IP, Nick " "and Joni have found that people tend to comply with the wishes of creators " @@ -8859,11 +8939,12 @@ msgid "" "replace some of the thorny legal issues. In their business model, Nick and " "Joni are trying to suspend the focus on IP and build an open business model " "that works for all stakeholders—designers, channels, manufacturers, and " -"customers. For them, the value Opendesk generates hangs off “open,” not IP." +"customers. For them, the value Opendesk generates hangs off <quote>open,</" +"quote> not IP." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6858 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6878 msgid "" "The mission of Opendesk is about relocalizing manufacturing, which changes " "the way we think about how goods are made. Commercialization is integral to " @@ -8873,7 +8954,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6865 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6885 msgid "" "As a global platform for local making, Opendesk’s business model has been " "built on honesty, transparency, and inclusivity. As Nick and Joni describe " @@ -8881,12 +8962,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6872 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6892 msgid "OpenStax" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6875 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6895 msgid "" "OpenStax is a nonprofit that provides free, openly licensed textbooks for " "high-enrollment introductory college courses and Advanced Placement courses. " @@ -8894,45 +8975,45 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6880 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6900 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.openstaxcollege.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6882 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6902 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: grant funding, charging " "for custom services, charging for physical copies (textbook sales)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6886 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6906 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: December 16, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6889 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6909 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: David Harris, editor-in-" "chief" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6897 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6917 msgid "" "OpenStax is an extension of a program called Connexions, which was started " -"in 1999 by Dr. Richard Baraniuk, the Victor E. Cameron Professor of " +"in 1999 by Dr. Richard Baraniuk, the Victor E. Cameron Professor of " "Electrical and Computer Engineering at Rice University in Houston, Texas. " -"Frustrated by the limitations of traditional textbooks and courses, Dr. " -"Baraniuk wanted to provide authors and learners a way to share and freely " -"adapt educational materials such as courses, books, and reports. Today, " -"Connexions (now called OpenStax CNX) is one of the world’s best libraries of " -"customizable educational materials, all licensed with Creative Commons and " -"available to anyone, anywhere, anytime—for free." +"Frustrated by the limitations of traditional textbooks and courses, " +"Dr. Baraniuk wanted to provide authors and learners a way to share and " +"freely adapt educational materials such as courses, books, and reports. " +"Today, Connexions (now called OpenStax CNX) is one of the world’s best " +"libraries of customizable educational materials, all licensed with Creative " +"Commons and available to anyone, anywhere, anytime—for free." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6909 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6929 msgid "" "In 2008, while in a senior leadership role at WebAssign and looking at ways " "to reduce the risk that came with relying on publishers, David Harris began " @@ -8945,7 +9026,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6920 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6940 msgid "" "David brought with him a deep understanding of the best practices of " "publishing along with where publishers have inefficiencies. In David’s view, " @@ -8959,14 +9040,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6938 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6958 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://news.rice.edu/files/2016/01/0119-" "OPENSTAX-2016Infographic-lg-1tahxiu.jpg\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6932 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6952 msgid "" "In 2012, OpenStax College launched as a nonprofit with the aim of producing " "high-quality, peer-reviewed full-color textbooks that would be available for " @@ -8979,7 +9060,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6942 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6962 msgid "" "OpenStax textbooks are all Attribution (CC BY) licensed, and each textbook " "is available as a PDF, an e-book, or web pages. Those who want a physical " @@ -8990,7 +9071,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6951 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6971 msgid "" "Teachers are invited to try out a single chapter from one of the textbooks " "with students. If that goes well, they’re encouraged to adopt the entire " @@ -9000,7 +9081,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6959 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6979 msgid "" "Any teacher can post corrections, suggest examples for difficult concepts, " "or volunteer as an editor or author. As many teachers also want supplemental " @@ -9009,12 +9090,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6970 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6990 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://openstax.org/adopters\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6966 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6986 msgid "" "Institutions can stand out by offering students a lower-cost education " "through the use of OpenStax textbooks; there’s even a textbook-savings " @@ -9024,7 +9105,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6973 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6993 msgid "" "Unlike traditional publishers’ monolithic approach of controlling " "intellectual property, distribution, and so many other aspects, OpenStax has " @@ -9033,7 +9114,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6979 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6999 msgid "" "Up-front funding of a professionally produced all-color turnkey textbook is " "expensive. For this part of their model, OpenStax relies on philanthropy. " @@ -9046,7 +9127,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6990 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7010 msgid "" "However, ongoing operations will not rely on foundation grants but instead " "on funds received through an ecosystem of over forty partners, whereby a " @@ -9058,7 +9139,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7000 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7020 msgid "" "Another example is Odigia, who has turned OpenStax books into interactive " "learning experiences and created additional tools to measure and promote " @@ -9070,7 +9151,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7010 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7030 msgid "" "In David’s view, this approach lets the market operate at peak efficiency. " "OpenStax’s partners don’t have to worry about developing textbook content, " @@ -9083,7 +9164,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7022 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7042 msgid "" "OpenStax’s cost of sales to acquire a single student is very, very low and " "is a fraction of what traditional players in the market face. This year, " @@ -9093,7 +9174,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7030 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7050 msgid "" "While OpenStax books are available online for free, many students still want " "a print copy. Through a partnership with a print and courier company, " @@ -9105,7 +9186,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7040 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7060 msgid "" "Campus-based bookstores are part of the OpenStax solution. OpenStax " "collaborates with NACSCORP (the National Association of College Stores " @@ -9120,18 +9201,18 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7053 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7073 msgid "" -"David thinks of the OpenStax model as “OER 2.0.” So what is OER 1.0? " -"Historically in the OER field, many OER initiatives have been locally funded " -"by institutions or government ministries. In David’s view, this results in " -"content that has high local value but is infrequently adopted nationally. " -"It’s therefore difficult to show payback over a time scale that is " -"reasonable." +"David thinks of the OpenStax model as <quote>OER 2.0.</quote> So what is OER " +"1.0? Historically in the OER field, many OER initiatives have been locally " +"funded by institutions or government ministries. In David’s view, this " +"results in content that has high local value but is infrequently adopted " +"nationally. It’s therefore difficult to show payback over a time scale that " +"is reasonable." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7061 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7081 msgid "" "OER 2.0 is about OER intended to be used and adopted on a national level " "right from the start. This requires a bigger investment up front but pays " @@ -9145,7 +9226,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7074 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7094 msgid "" "The process is similar for both models. First they look at the scope and " "sequence of existing textbooks. They ask questions like what does the " @@ -9164,7 +9245,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7092 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7112 msgid "" "All the people involved in this process are paid. OpenStax does not rely on " "volunteers. Writers, reviewers, illustrators, and editors are all paid an up-" @@ -9176,18 +9257,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7102 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7122 msgid "" -"David thinks of the Attribution license (CC BY) as the “innovation license.” " -"It’s core to the mission of OpenStax, letting people use their textbooks in " -"innovative ways without having to ask for permission. It frees up the whole " -"market and has been central to OpenStax being able to bring on partners. " -"OpenStax sees a lot of customization of their materials. By enabling " -"frictionless remixing, CC BY gives teachers control and academic freedom." +"David thinks of the Attribution license (CC BY) as the <quote>innovation " +"license.</quote> It’s core to the mission of OpenStax, letting people use " +"their textbooks in innovative ways without having to ask for permission. It " +"frees up the whole market and has been central to OpenStax being able to " +"bring on partners. OpenStax sees a lot of customization of their materials. " +"By enabling frictionless remixing, CC BY gives teachers control and academic " +"freedom." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7111 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7132 msgid "" "Using CC BY is also a good example of using strategies that traditional " "publishers can’t. Traditional publishers rely on copyright to prevent others " @@ -9199,34 +9281,34 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7121 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7142 msgid "" "As of September 16, 2016, OpenStax has achieved some impressive results. " "From the OpenStax at a Glance fact sheet from their recent press kit:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7128 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7149 msgid "Books published: 23" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7133 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7154 msgid "Students who have used OpenStax: 1.6 million" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7138 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7159 msgid "Money saved for students: $155 million" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7143 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7164 msgid "Money saved for students in the 2016/17 academic year: $77 million" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7149 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7170 msgid "" "Schools that have used OpenStax: 2,668 (This number reflects all " "institutions using at least one OpenStax textbook. Out of 2,668 schools, 517 " @@ -9235,7 +9317,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7158 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7179 msgid "" "While OpenStax has to date been focused on the United States, there is " "overseas adoption especially in the science, technology, engineering, and " @@ -9244,7 +9326,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7165 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7186 msgid "" "OpenStax has primarily focused on introductory-level college courses where " "there is high enrollment, but they are starting to think about verticals—a " @@ -9254,7 +9336,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7173 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7194 msgid "" "Finally, for OpenStax success is not just about the adoption of their " "textbooks and student savings. There is a human aspect to the work that is " @@ -9267,22 +9349,22 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7186 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7207 msgid "Amanda Palmer" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7189 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7210 msgid "Amanda Palmer is a musician, artist, and writer. Based in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7193 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7214 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://amandapalmer.net\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7195 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7216 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: crowdfunding " "(subscription-based), pay-what-you-want, charging for physical copies (book " @@ -9291,12 +9373,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7200 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7221 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: December 15, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7210 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7232 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.forbes.com/sites/zackomalleygreenburg/2015/04/16/" "amanda-palmer-uncut-the-kickstarter-queen-on-spotify-patreon-and-taylor-" @@ -9304,35 +9386,36 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7208 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7229 msgid "" "Since the beginning of her career, Amanda Palmer has been on what she calls " -"a “journey with no roadmap,” continually experimenting to find new ways to " -"sustain her creative work.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"a <quote>journey with no roadmap,</quote> continually experimenting to find " +"new ways to sustain her creative work.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" +"\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7213 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7235 msgid "" "In her best-selling book, The Art of Asking, Amanda articulates exactly what " -"she has been and continues to strive for—“the ideal sweet spot . . . in " -"which the artist can share freely and directly feel the reverberations of " -"their artistic gifts to the community, and make a living doing that.”" +"she has been and continues to strive for—<quote>the ideal sweet spot . . . " +"in which the artist can share freely and directly feel the reverberations of " +"their artistic gifts to the community, and make a living doing that.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7220 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7242 msgid "" "While she seems to have successfully found that sweet spot for herself, " "Amanda is the first to acknowledge there is no silver bullet. She thinks the " -"digital age is both an exciting and frustrating time for creators. “On the " -"one hand, we have this beautiful shareability,” Amanda said. “On the other, " -"you’ve got a bunch of confused artists wondering how to make money to buy " -"food so we can make more art.”" +"digital age is both an exciting and frustrating time for creators. <quote>On " +"the one hand, we have this beautiful shareability,</quote> Amanda said. " +"<quote>On the other, you’ve got a bunch of confused artists wondering how to " +"make money to buy food so we can make more art.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7229 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7251 msgid "" "Amanda began her artistic career as a street performer. She would dress up " "in an antique wedding gown, paint her face white, stand on a stack of milk " @@ -9340,52 +9423,56 @@ msgid "" "performance. She collected money in a hat. Most people walked by her without " "stopping, but an essential few stopped to watch and drop some money into her " "hat to show their appreciation. Rather than dwelling on the majority of " -"people who ignored her, she felt thankful for those who stopped. “All I " -"needed was . . . some people,” she wrote in her book. “Enough people. Enough " -"to make it worth coming back the next day, enough people to help me make " -"rent and put food on the table. Enough so I could keep making art.”" +"people who ignored her, she felt thankful for those who stopped. <quote>All " +"I needed was . . . some people,</quote> she wrote in her book. <quote>Enough " +"people. Enough to make it worth coming back the next day, enough people to " +"help me make rent and put food on the table. Enough so I could keep making " +"art.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7243 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7265 msgid "" "Amanda has come a long way from her street-performing days, but her career " -"remains dominated by that same sentiment—finding ways to reach “her crowd” " -"and feeling gratitude when she does. With her band the Dresden Dolls, Amanda " -"tried the traditional path of signing with a record label. It didn’t take " -"for a variety of reasons, but one of them was that the label had absolutely " -"no interest in Amanda’s view of success. They wanted hits, but making music " -"for the masses was never what Amanda and the Dresden Dolls set out to do." +"remains dominated by that same sentiment—finding ways to reach <quote>her " +"crowd</quote> and feeling gratitude when she does. With her band the Dresden " +"Dolls, Amanda tried the traditional path of signing with a record label. It " +"didn’t take for a variety of reasons, but one of them was that the label had " +"absolutely no interest in Amanda’s view of success. They wanted hits, but " +"making music for the masses was never what Amanda and the Dresden Dolls set " +"out to do." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7254 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7276 msgid "" "After leaving the record label in 2008, she began experimenting with " "different ways to make a living. She released music directly to the public " -"without involving a middle man, releasing digital files on a “pay what you " -"want” basis and selling CDs and vinyl. She also made money from live " -"performances and merchandise sales. Eventually, in 2012 she decided to try " -"her hand at the sort of crowdfunding we know so well today. Her Kickstarter " -"project started with a goal of $100,000, and she made $1.2 million. It " -"remains one of the most successful Kickstarter projects of all time." +"without involving a middle man, releasing digital files on a <quote>pay what " +"you want</quote> basis and selling CDs and vinyl. She also made money from " +"live performances and merchandise sales. Eventually, in 2012 she decided to " +"try her hand at the sort of crowdfunding we know so well today. Her " +"Kickstarter project started with a goal of $100,000, and she made $1.2 " +"million. It remains one of the most successful Kickstarter projects of all " +"time." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7266 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7288 msgid "" "Today, Amanda has switched gears away from crowdfunding for specific " "projects to instead getting consistent financial support from her fan base " "on Patreon, a crowdfunding site that allows artists to get recurring " "donations from fans. More than eight thousand people have signed up to " -"support her so she can create music, art, and any other creative “thing” " -"that she is inspired to make. The recurring pledges are made on a “per " -"thing” basis. All of the content she makes is made freely available under an " -"Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license (CC BY-NC-SA)." +"support her so she can create music, art, and any other creative " +"<quote>thing</quote> that she is inspired to make. The recurring pledges are " +"made on a <quote>per thing</quote> basis. All of the content she makes is " +"made freely available under an Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license " +"(CC BY-NC-SA)." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7277 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7300 msgid "" "Making her music and art available under Creative Commons licensing " "undoubtedly limits her options for how she makes a living. But sharing her " @@ -9394,37 +9481,39 @@ msgid "" "to get ten emails per week from fans asking if they could use their music " "for different projects. They said yes to all of the requests, as long as it " "wasn’t for a completely for-profit venture. At the time, they used a short-" -"form agreement written by Amanda herself. “I made everyone sign that " +"form agreement written by Amanda herself. <quote>I made everyone sign that " "contract so at least I wouldn’t be leaving the band vulnerable to someone " -"later going on and putting our music in a Camel cigarette ad,” Amanda said. " -"Once she discovered Creative Commons, adopting the licenses was an easy " -"decision because it gave them a more formal, standardized way of doing what " -"they had been doing all along. The NonCommercial licenses were a natural fit." +"later going on and putting our music in a Camel cigarette ad,</quote> Amanda " +"said. Once she discovered Creative Commons, adopting the licenses was an " +"easy decision because it gave them a more formal, standardized way of doing " +"what they had been doing all along. The NonCommercial licenses were a " +"natural fit." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7295 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7318 msgid "" "Amanda embraces the way her fans share and build upon her music. In The Art " "of Asking, she wrote that some of her fans’ unofficial videos using her " "music surpass the official videos in number of views on YouTube. Rather than " -"seeing this sort of thing as competition, Amanda celebrates it. “We got into " -"this because we wanted to share the joy of music,” she said." +"seeing this sort of thing as competition, Amanda celebrates it. <quote>We " +"got into this because we wanted to share the joy of music,</quote> she said." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7303 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7326 msgid "" "This is symbolic of how nearly everything she does in her career is " "motivated by a desire to connect with her fans. At the start of her career, " "she and the band would throw concerts at house parties. As the gatherings " -"grew, the line between fans and friends was completely blurred. “Not only " -"did most our early fans know where I lived and where we practiced, but most " -"of them had also been in my kitchen,” Amanda wrote in The Art of Asking." +"grew, the line between fans and friends was completely blurred. <quote>Not " +"only did most our early fans know where I lived and where we practiced, but " +"most of them had also been in my kitchen,</quote> Amanda wrote in The Art of " +"Asking." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7312 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7336 msgid "" "Even though her fan base is now huge and global, she continues to seek this " "sort of human connection with her fans. She seeks out face-to-face contact " @@ -9433,11 +9522,12 @@ msgid "" "the signing line after shows. It helps that Amanda has the kind of dynamic, " "engaging personality that instantly draws people to her, but a big component " "of her ability to connect with people is her willingness to listen. " -"“Listening fast and caring immediately is a skill unto itself,” Amanda wrote." +"<quote>Listening fast and caring immediately is a skill unto itself,</quote> " +"Amanda wrote." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7324 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7348 msgid "" "Another part of the connection fans feel with Amanda is how much they know " "about her life. Rather than trying to craft a public persona or image, she " @@ -9449,18 +9539,18 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7334 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7357 msgid "" -"“With social media, we’re so concerned with the picture looking palatable " -"and consumable that we forget that being human and showing the flaws and " -"exposing the vulnerability actually create a deeper connection than just " -"looking fantastic,” Amanda said. “Everything in our culture is telling us " -"otherwise. But my experience has shown me that the risk of making yourself " -"vulnerable is almost always worth it.”" +"<quote>With social media, we’re so concerned with the picture looking " +"palatable and consumable that we forget that being human and showing the " +"flaws and exposing the vulnerability actually create a deeper connection " +"than just looking fantastic,</quote> Amanda said. <quote>Everything in our " +"culture is telling us otherwise. But my experience has shown me that the " +"risk of making yourself vulnerable is almost always worth it.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7343 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7366 msgid "" "Not only does she disclose intimate details of her life to them, she sleeps " "on their couches, listens to their stories, cries with them. In short, she " @@ -9472,7 +9562,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7353 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7376 msgid "" "After years of investing time and energy into building trust with her fans, " "she has a strong enough relationship with them to ask for support—through " @@ -9484,29 +9574,30 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7363 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7385 msgid "" -"“When you openly, radically trust people, they not only take care of you, " -"they become your allies, your family,” she wrote. There really is a feeling " -"of solidarity within her core fan base. From the beginning, Amanda and her " -"band encouraged people to dress up for their shows. They consciously " -"cultivated a feeling of belonging to their “weird little family.”" +"<quote>When you openly, radically trust people, they not only take care of " +"you, they become your allies, your family,</quote> she wrote. There really " +"is a feeling of solidarity within her core fan base. From the beginning, " +"Amanda and her band encouraged people to dress up for their shows. They " +"consciously cultivated a feeling of belonging to their <quote>weird little " +"family.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7371 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7393 msgid "" "This sort of intimacy with fans is not possible or even desirable for every " -"creator. “I don’t take for granted that I happen to be the type of person " -"who loves cavorting with strangers,” Amanda said. “I recognize that it’s not " -"necessarily everyone’s idea of a good time. Everyone does it differently. " -"Replicating what I have done won’t work for others if it isn’t joyful to " -"them. It’s about finding a way to channel energy in a way that is joyful to " -"you.”" +"creator. <quote>I don’t take for granted that I happen to be the type of " +"person who loves cavorting with strangers,</quote> Amanda said. <quote>I " +"recognize that it’s not necessarily everyone’s idea of a good time. Everyone " +"does it differently. Replicating what I have done won’t work for others if " +"it isn’t joyful to them. It’s about finding a way to channel energy in a way " +"that is joyful to you.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7380 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7403 msgid "" "Yet while Amanda joyfully interacts with her fans and involves them in her " "work as much as possible, she does keep one job primarily to herself—writing " @@ -9521,18 +9612,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7393 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7416 msgid "" "For Amanda, the entire point of being an artist is to establish and maintain " -"this connection. “It sounds so corny,” she said, “but my experience in forty " -"years on this planet has pointed me to an obvious truth—that connection with " -"human beings feels so much better and more fulfilling than approaching art " -"through a capitalist lens. There is no more satisfying end goal than having " -"someone tell you that what you do is genuinely of value to them.”" +"this connection. <quote>It sounds so corny,</quote> she said, <quote>but my " +"experience in forty years on this planet has pointed me to an obvious truth—" +"that connection with human beings feels so much better and more fulfilling " +"than approaching art through a capitalist lens. There is no more satisfying " +"end goal than having someone tell you that what you do is genuinely of value " +"to them.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7402 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7426 msgid "" "As she explains it, when a fan gives her a ten-dollar bill, usually what " "they are saying is that the money symbolizes some deeper value the music " @@ -9544,12 +9636,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7413 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7437 msgid "PLOS (Public Library of Science)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7416 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7440 msgid "" "PLOS (Public Library of Science) is a nonprofit that publishes a library of " "academic journals and other scientific literature. Founded in 2000 in the U." @@ -9557,30 +9649,30 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7421 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7445 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://plos.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7423 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7447 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging content " "creators an author processing charge to be featured in the journal" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7427 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7451 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: March 7, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7429 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7453 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Louise Page, publisher" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7437 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7461 msgid "" "The Public Library of Science (PLOS) began in 2000 when three leading " "scientists—Harold E. Varmus, Patrick O. Brown, and Michael Eisen—started an " @@ -9596,7 +9688,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7451 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7475 msgid "" "Traditionally, academic publishing begins with an author submitting a " "manuscript to a publisher. After in-house technical and ethical " @@ -9610,7 +9702,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7462 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7486 msgid "" "For Louise Page, the current publisher of PLOS, this traditional model " "results in inequity. Access is restricted to those who can pay. Most " @@ -9624,7 +9716,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7474 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7498 msgid "" "That new model became known as open access. That is, free and open " "availability on the Internet. Open-access research articles are not behind a " @@ -9638,7 +9730,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7486 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7510 msgid "" "However, open access requires rethinking the business model of research " "publication. Rather than charge a subscription fee to access the journal, " @@ -9652,7 +9744,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7498 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7522 msgid "" "Calculating the article-processing charge involves taking all the costs " "associated with publishing the journal and determining a cost per article " @@ -9664,7 +9756,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7507 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7531 msgid "" "PLOS believes that lack of funds should not be a barrier to publication. " "Since its inception, PLOS has provided fee support for individuals and " @@ -9672,7 +9764,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7513 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7537 msgid "" "Louise identifies marketing as one area of big difference between PLOS and " "traditional journal publishers. Traditional journals have to invest heavily " @@ -9690,7 +9782,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7530 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7554 msgid "" "For Louise, PLOS would not exist without the Attribution license (CC BY). " "This makes it very clear what rights are associated with the content and " @@ -9701,7 +9793,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7538 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7562 msgid "" "PLOS also has a broad open-data policy. To get their research paper " "published, PLOS authors must also make their data available in a public " @@ -9709,7 +9801,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7543 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7567 msgid "" "Business-operation costs associated with the open-access model still largely " "follow the existing publishing model. PLOS journals are online only, but the " @@ -9720,7 +9812,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7552 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7576 msgid "" "Researchers are influenced by journal rankings, which reflect the place of a " "journal within its field, the relative difficulty of being published in that " @@ -9729,7 +9821,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7558 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7582 msgid "" "The promotion and tenure of researchers are partially based how many times " "other researchers cite their articles. Louise says when researchers want to " @@ -9740,7 +9832,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7567 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7591 msgid "" "Louise believes that open access has been a huge success, progressing from a " "movement led by a small cadre of researchers to something that is now " @@ -9750,7 +9842,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7575 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7599 msgid "" "PLOS further disrupted the traditional journal-publishing model by " "pioneering the concept of a megajournal. The PLOS ONE megajournal, launched " @@ -9774,7 +9866,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7599 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7623 msgid "" "Louise outlined some other aspects of the research-journal business model " "PLOS is experimenting with, describing each as a kind of slider that could " @@ -9782,7 +9874,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7604 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7628 msgid "" "One slider is time to publication. Time to publication may shorten as " "journals get better at providing quicker decisions to authors. However, " @@ -9791,7 +9883,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7611 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7635 msgid "" "Peer review is another part of the process that could change. It’s possible " "to redefine what peer review actually is, when to review, and what " @@ -9805,7 +9897,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7623 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7647 msgid "" "Louise says research with negative outcomes is almost as important as " "positive results. If journals published more research with negative " @@ -9814,7 +9906,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7630 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7654 msgid "" "Another adjustable practice is the sharing of articles at early preprint " "stages. Publication of research in a peer-reviewed journal can take a long " @@ -9832,7 +9924,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7648 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7672 msgid "" "What constitutes a journal article could also change. The idea of a research " "article as printed, bound, and in a library stack is outdated. Digital and " @@ -9844,17 +9936,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7662 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7686 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://collections.plos.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7666 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7690 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://plos.org/article-level-metrics\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7658 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7682 msgid "" "As journals scale up, and new journals are introduced, more and more " "information is being pushed out to readers, making the experience feel like " @@ -9870,7 +9962,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7671 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7695 msgid "" "The big picture for PLOS going forward is to combine and adjust these " "experimental practices in ways that continue to improve accessibility and " @@ -9882,7 +9974,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7681 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7705 msgid "" "For PLOS, success is not about revenue. Success is about proving that " "scientific research can be communicated rapidly and economically at scale, " @@ -9894,7 +9986,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7691 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7715 msgid "" "Ultimately, for PLOS, its authors, and its readers, success is about making " "research discoverable, available, and reproducible for the advancement of " @@ -9902,24 +9994,24 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7697 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7721 msgid "Rijksmuseum" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7700 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7724 msgid "" "The Rijksmuseum is a Dutch national museum dedicated to art and history. " "Founded in 1800 in the Netherlands" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7704 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7728 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7706 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7730 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: grants and government " "funding, charging for in-person version (museum admission), selling " @@ -9927,19 +10019,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7710 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7734 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: December 11, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7713 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7737 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Lizzy Jongma, the data " "manager of the collections information department" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7721 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7745 msgid "" "The Rijksmuseum, a national museum in the Netherlands dedicated to art and " "history, has been housed in its current building since 1885. The monumental " @@ -9956,7 +10048,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7737 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7761 msgid "" "By the time Lizzy Jongma joined the Rijksmuseum in 2011 as a data manager, " "staff were fed up with the situation the museum was in. They also realized " @@ -9972,7 +10064,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7751 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7775 msgid "" "It was effective but a bit boring. It was just data. A hackathon they were " "invited to got them to start talking about events like that as having " @@ -9983,12 +10075,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7762 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7786 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.europeana.eu/portal/en\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7760 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7784 msgid "" "Then, Lizzy says, Europeana came along. Europeana is Europe’s digital " "library, museum, and archive for cultural heritage.<placeholder type=" @@ -10004,9 +10096,9 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7774 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7798 msgid "" -"They realized that they don’t “own” the collection and couldn’t " +"They realized that they don’t <quote>own</quote> the collection and couldn’t " "realistically monitor and enforce compliance with the restrictive licensing " "terms they currently had in place. For example, many copies and versions of " "Vermeer’s Milkmaid (part of their collection) were already online, many of " @@ -10018,7 +10110,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7787 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7811 msgid "" "In 2011 the Rijksmuseum began making their digital photos of works known to " "be free of copyright available online, using Creative Commons CC0 to place " @@ -10033,7 +10125,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7801 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7825 msgid "" "In 2013 the Rijksmuseum changed its business model. They Creative Commons " "licensed their highest-quality images and released them online for free. " @@ -10046,7 +10138,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7812 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7836 msgid "" "Releasing these high-quality images for free reduced the number of poor-" "quality images that were proliferating. The high-quality image of Vermeer’s " @@ -10056,13 +10148,13 @@ msgid "" "found in other platforms. For example, Rijksmuseum images are now used in " "thousands of Wikipedia articles, receiving ten to eleven million views per " "month. This extends Rijksmuseum’s reach far beyond the scope of its website. " -"Sharing these images online creates what Lizzy calls the “Mona Lisa effect,” " -"where a work of art becomes so famous that people want to see it in real " -"life by visiting the actual museum." +"Sharing these images online creates what Lizzy calls the <quote>Mona Lisa " +"effect,</quote> where a work of art becomes so famous that people want to " +"see it in real life by visiting the actual museum." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7827 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7851 msgid "" "Every museum tends to be driven by the number of physical visitors. The " "Rijksmuseum is primarily publicly funded, receiving roughly 70 percent of " @@ -10073,7 +10165,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7835 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7859 msgid "" "As museums create a digital presence for themselves and put up digital " "representations of their collection online, there’s frequently a worry that " @@ -10088,12 +10180,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7855 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7879 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7849 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7873 msgid "" "In 2011 the Rijksmuseum received €1 million from the Dutch lottery to create " "a new web presence that would be different from any other museum’s. In " @@ -10104,20 +10196,20 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7858 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7882 msgid "" "The Rijksstudio gives users access to over two hundred thousand high-quality " "digital representations of masterworks from the collection. Users can zoom " "in to any work and even clip small parts of images they like. Rijksstudio is " -"a bit like Pinterest. You can “like” works and compile your personal " -"favorites, and you can share them with friends or download them free of " -"charge. All the images in the Rijksstudio are copyright and royalty free, " -"and users are encouraged to use them as they like, for private or even " +"a bit like Pinterest. You can <quote>like</quote> works and compile your " +"personal favorites, and you can share them with friends or download them " +"free of charge. All the images in the Rijksstudio are copyright and royalty " +"free, and users are encouraged to use them as they like, for private or even " "commercial purposes." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7869 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7893 msgid "" "Users have created over 276,000 Rijksstudios, generating their own themed " "virtual exhibitions on a wide variety of topics ranging from tapestries to " @@ -10126,7 +10218,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7876 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7900 msgid "" "Some contemporary artists who have works in the Rijksmuseum collection " "contacted them to ask why their works were not included in the Rijksstudio. " @@ -10139,14 +10231,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7896 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7920 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.etsy.com/ca/listing/175696771/fringe-kimono-silk-" "kimono-kimono-robe\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7887 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7911 msgid "" "The Rijksmuseum believes that art stimulates entrepreneurial activity. The " "line between creative and commercial can be blurry. As Lizzy says, even " @@ -10160,7 +10252,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7900 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7924 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-award\"/>; the 2014 " "award: <ulink url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-award-2014\"/>; " @@ -10169,14 +10261,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7912 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7936 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/rijksstudio/142328--nominees-" "rijksstudio-award/creaties/ba595afe-452d-46bd-9c8c-48dcbdd7f0a4\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7899 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7923 msgid "" "In 2013 the Rijksmuseum organized their first high-profile design " "competition, known as the Rijksstudio Award.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " @@ -10194,7 +10286,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7918 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7942 msgid "" "For the next iteration of the Rijksstudio, the Rijksmuseum is considering an " "upload tool, for people to upload their own works of art, and enhanced " @@ -10202,7 +10294,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7924 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7948 msgid "" "Going with a more open business model generated lots of publicity for the " "Rijksmuseum. They were one of the first museums to open up their collection " @@ -10213,7 +10305,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7933 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7957 msgid "" "The Rijksmuseum has been experimenting with other ways to invite the public " "to look at and interact with their collection. On an international day " @@ -10228,75 +10320,75 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7946 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7970 msgid "" "For the Rijksmuseum, adopting an open business model was scary. They came " "up with many worst-case scenarios, imagining all kinds of awful things " "people might do with the museum’s works. But Lizzy says those fears did not " -"come true because “ninety-nine percent of people have respect for great " -"art.” Many museums think they can make a lot of money by selling things " -"related to their collection. But in Lizzy’s experience, museums are usually " -"bad at selling things, and sometimes efforts to generate a small amount of " -"money block something much bigger—the real value that the collection has. " -"For Lizzy, clinging to small amounts of revenue is being penny-wise but " -"pound-foolish. For the Rijksmuseum, a key lesson has been to never lose " -"sight of its vision for the collection. Allowing access to and use of their " -"collection has generated great promotional value—far more than the previous " -"practice of charging fees for access and use. Lizzy sums up their " -"experience: “Give away; get something in return. Generosity makes people " -"happy to join you and help out.”" +"come true because <quote>ninety-nine percent of people have respect for " +"great art.</quote> Many museums think they can make a lot of money by " +"selling things related to their collection. But in Lizzy’s experience, " +"museums are usually bad at selling things, and sometimes efforts to generate " +"a small amount of money block something much bigger—the real value that the " +"collection has. For Lizzy, clinging to small amounts of revenue is being " +"penny-wise but pound-foolish. For the Rijksmuseum, a key lesson has been to " +"never lose sight of its vision for the collection. Allowing access to and " +"use of their collection has generated great promotional value—far more than " +"the previous practice of charging fees for access and use. Lizzy sums up " +"their experience: <quote>Give away; get something in return. Generosity " +"makes people happy to join you and help out.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7966 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7990 msgid "Shareable" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7969 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7993 msgid "" "Shareable is an online magazine about sharing. Founded in 2009 in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7973 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7997 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.shareable.net\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7975 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7999 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: grant funding, " "crowdfunding (project-based), donations, sponsorships" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7978 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8002 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 24, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7981 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8005 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Neal Gorenflo, cofounder " "and executive editor" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7989 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8013 msgid "" "In 2013, Shareable faced an impasse. The nonprofit online publication had " "helped start a sharing movement four years prior, but over time, they " "watched one part of the movement stray from its ideals. As giants like Uber " -"and Airbnb gained ground, attention began to center on the “sharing economy” " -"we know now—profit-driven, transactional, and loaded with venture-capital " -"money. Leaders of corporate start-ups in this domain invited Shareable to " -"advocate for them. The magazine faced a choice: ride the wave or stand on " -"principle." +"and Airbnb gained ground, attention began to center on the <quote>sharing " +"economy</quote> we know now—profit-driven, transactional, and loaded with " +"venture-capital money. Leaders of corporate start-ups in this domain invited " +"Shareable to advocate for them. The magazine faced a choice: ride the wave " +"or stand on principle." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8000 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8024 msgid "" "As an organization, Shareable decided to draw a line in the sand. In 2013, " "the cofounder and executive editor Neal Gorenflo wrote an opinion piece in " @@ -10304,23 +10396,24 @@ msgid "" "Valley version of the sharing economy, while contrasting it with aspects of " "the real sharing economy like open-source software, participatory budgeting " "(where citizens decide how a public budget is spent), cooperatives, and " -"more. He wrote, “It’s not so much that collaborative consumption is dead, " -"it’s more that it risks dying as it gets absorbed by the ‘Borg.’”" +"more. He wrote, <quote>It’s not so much that collaborative consumption is " +"dead, it’s more that it risks dying as it gets absorbed by the <quote>Borg.</" +"quote></quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8012 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8036 msgid "" "Neal said their public critique of the corporate sharing economy defined " "what Shareable was and is. He does not think the magazine would still be " -"around had they chosen differently. “We would have gotten another type of " -"audience, but it would have spelled the end of us,” he said. “We are a " -"small, mission-driven organization. We would never have been able to weather " -"the criticism that Airbnb and Uber are getting now.”" +"around had they chosen differently. <quote>We would have gotten another type " +"of audience, but it would have spelled the end of us,</quote> he said. " +"<quote>We are a small, mission-driven organization. We would never have been " +"able to weather the criticism that Airbnb and Uber are getting now.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8021 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8046 msgid "" "Interestingly, impassioned supporters are only a small sliver of Shareable’s " "total audience. Most are casual readers who come across a Shareable story " @@ -10328,69 +10421,70 @@ msgid "" "choosing principles over the possibility of riding the coattails of the " "major corporate players in the sharing space saved Shareable’s credibility. " "Although they became detached from the corporate sharing economy, the online " -"magazine became the voice of the “real sharing economy” and continued to " -"grow their audience." +"magazine became the voice of the <quote>real sharing economy</quote> and " +"continued to grow their audience." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8032 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8057 msgid "" "Shareable is a magazine, but the content they publish is a means to " "furthering their role as a leader and catalyst of a movement. Shareable " -"became a leader in the movement in 2009. “At that time, there was a sharing " -"movement bubbling beneath the surface, but no one was connecting the dots,” " -"Neal said. “We decided to step into that space and take on that role.” The " -"small team behind the nonprofit publication truly believed sharing could be " -"central to solving some of the major problems human beings face—resource " -"inequality, social isolation, and global warming." +"became a leader in the movement in 2009. <quote>At that time, there was a " +"sharing movement bubbling beneath the surface, but no one was connecting the " +"dots,</quote> Neal said. <quote>We decided to step into that space and take " +"on that role.</quote> The small team behind the nonprofit publication truly " +"believed sharing could be central to solving some of the major problems " +"human beings face—resource inequality, social isolation, and global warming." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8043 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8069 msgid "" "They have worked hard to find ways to tell stories that show different " -"metrics for success. “We wanted to change the notion of what constitutes the " -"good life,” Neal said. While they started out with a very broad focus on " -"sharing generally, today they emphasize stories about the physical commons " -"like “sharing cities” (i.e., urban areas managed in a sustainable, " -"cooperative way), as well as digital platforms that are run democratically. " -"They particularly focus on how-to content that help their readers make " -"changes in their own lives and communities." +"metrics for success. <quote>We wanted to change the notion of what " +"constitutes the good life,</quote> Neal said. While they started out with a " +"very broad focus on sharing generally, today they emphasize stories about " +"the physical commons like <quote>sharing cities</quote> (i.e., urban areas " +"managed in a sustainable, cooperative way), as well as digital platforms " +"that are run democratically. They particularly focus on how-to content that " +"help their readers make changes in their own lives and communities." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8054 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8081 msgid "" "More than half of Shareable’s stories are written by paid journalists that " -"are contracted by the magazine. “Particularly in content areas that are a " -"priority for us, we really want to go deep and control the quality,” Neal " -"said. The rest of the content is either contributed by guest writers, often " -"for free, or written by other publications from their network of content " -"publishers. Shareable is a member of the Post Growth Alliance, which " -"facilitates the sharing of content and audiences among a large and growing " -"group of mostly nonprofits. Each organization gets a chance to present " -"stories to the group, and the organizations can use and promote each other’s " -"stories. Much of the content created by the network is licensed with " -"Creative Commons." +"are contracted by the magazine. <quote>Particularly in content areas that " +"are a priority for us, we really want to go deep and control the quality,</" +"quote> Neal said. The rest of the content is either contributed by guest " +"writers, often for free, or written by other publications from their network " +"of content publishers. Shareable is a member of the Post Growth Alliance, " +"which facilitates the sharing of content and audiences among a large and " +"growing group of mostly nonprofits. Each organization gets a chance to " +"present stories to the group, and the organizations can use and promote each " +"other’s stories. Much of the content created by the network is licensed " +"with Creative Commons." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8068 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8096 msgid "" "All of Shareable’s original content is published under the Attribution " "license (CC BY), meaning it can be used for any purpose as long as credit is " "given to Shareable. Creative Commons licensing is aligned with Shareable’s " "vision, mission, and identity. That alone explains the organization’s " "embrace of the licenses for their content, but Neal also believes CC " -"licensing helps them increase their reach. “By using CC licensing,” he said, " -"“we realized we could reach far more people through a formal and informal " -"network of republishers or affiliates. That has definitely been the case. " -"It’s hard for us to measure the reach of other media properties, but most of " -"the outlets who republish our work have much bigger audiences than we do.”" +"licensing helps them increase their reach. <quote>By using CC licensing,</" +"quote> he said, <quote>we realized we could reach far more people through a " +"formal and informal network of republishers or affiliates. That has " +"definitely been the case. It’s hard for us to measure the reach of other " +"media properties, but most of the outlets who republish our work have much " +"bigger audiences than we do.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8082 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8111 msgid "" "In addition to their regular news and commentary online, Shareable has also " "experimented with book publishing. In 2012, they worked with a traditional " @@ -10402,7 +10496,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8092 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8121 msgid "" "In 2016, Shareable self-published a book of curated Shareable stories called " "How to: Share, Save Money and Have Fun. The book was available for sale, but " @@ -10411,7 +10505,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8099 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8128 msgid "" "This recent book is one of many fund-raising experiments Shareable has " "conducted in recent years. Currently, Shareable is primarily funded by " @@ -10423,33 +10517,33 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8109 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8138 msgid "" "For Shareable, success is very much about their impact on the world. This is " -"true for Neal, but also for everyone who works for Shareable. “We attract " -"passionate people,” Neal said. At times, that means employees work so hard " -"they burn out. Neal tries to stress to the Shareable team that another part " -"of success is having fun and taking care of yourself while you do something " -"you love. “A central part of human beings is that we long to be on a great " -"adventure with people we love,” he said. “We are a species who look over the " -"horizon and imagine and create new worlds, but we also seek the comfort of " -"hearth and home.”" +"true for Neal, but also for everyone who works for Shareable. <quote>We " +"attract passionate people,</quote> Neal said. At times, that means " +"employees work so hard they burn out. Neal tries to stress to the Shareable " +"team that another part of success is having fun and taking care of yourself " +"while you do something you love. <quote>A central part of human beings is " +"that we long to be on a great adventure with people we love,</quote> he " +"said. <quote>We are a species who look over the horizon and imagine and " +"create new worlds, but we also seek the comfort of hearth and home.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8121 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8151 msgid "" "In 2013, Shareable ran its first crowdfunding campaign to launch their " "Sharing Cities Network. Neal said at first they were on pace to fail " "spectacularly. They called in their advisers in a panic and asked for help. " -"The advice they received was simple—“Sit your ass in a chair and start " -"making calls.” That’s exactly what they did, and they ended up reaching " -"their $50,000 goal. Neal said the campaign helped them reach new people, but " -"the vast majority of backers were people in their existing base." +"The advice they received was simple—<quote>Sit your ass in a chair and start " +"making calls.</quote> That’s exactly what they did, and they ended up " +"reaching their $50,000 goal. Neal said the campaign helped them reach new " +"people, but the vast majority of backers were people in their existing base." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8131 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8161 msgid "" "For Neal, this symbolized how so much of success comes down to " "relationships. Over time, Shareable has invested time and energy into the " @@ -10459,25 +10553,25 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8138 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8168 msgid "" "Shareable began hosting events in 2010. These events were designed to bring " "the sharing community together. But over time they realized they could reach " -"far more people if they helped their readers to host their own events. “If " -"we wanted to go big on a conference, there was a huge risk and huge staffing " -"needs, plus only a fraction of our community could travel to the event,” " -"Neal said. Enabling others to create their own events around the globe " -"allowed them to scale up their work more effectively and reach far more " -"people. Shareable has catalyzed three hundred different events reaching over " -"twenty thousand people since implementing this strategy three years ago. " -"Going forward, Shareable is focusing the network on creating and " -"distributing content meant to spur local action. For instance, Shareable " -"will publish a new CC-licensed book in 2017 filled with ideas for their " -"network to implement." +"far more people if they helped their readers to host their own events. " +"<quote>If we wanted to go big on a conference, there was a huge risk and " +"huge staffing needs, plus only a fraction of our community could travel to " +"the event,</quote> Neal said. Enabling others to create their own events " +"around the globe allowed them to scale up their work more effectively and " +"reach far more people. Shareable has catalyzed three hundred different " +"events reaching over twenty thousand people since implementing this strategy " +"three years ago. Going forward, Shareable is focusing the network on " +"creating and distributing content meant to spur local action. For instance, " +"Shareable will publish a new CC-licensed book in 2017 filled with ideas for " +"their network to implement." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8155 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8185 msgid "" "Neal says Shareable stumbled upon this strategy, but it seems to perfectly " "encapsulate just how the commons is supposed to work. Rather than a one-" @@ -10486,12 +10580,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8163 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8193 msgid "Siyavula" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8166 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8196 msgid "" "Siyavula is a for-profit educational-technology company that creates " "textbooks and integrated learning experiences. Founded in 2012 in South " @@ -10499,29 +10593,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8171 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8201 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.siyavula.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8173 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8203 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for custom " "services, sponsorships" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8176 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8206 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: April 5, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8178 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8208 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Mark Horner, CEO" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8185 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8215 msgid "" "Openness is a key principle for Siyavula. They believe that every learner " "and teacher should have access to high-quality educational resources, as " @@ -10531,7 +10625,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8193 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8223 msgid "" "In terms of creating an open business model that involves Creative Commons, " "Siyavula—and its founder, Mark Horner—have been around the block a few " @@ -10540,7 +10634,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8200 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8230 msgid "" "It all started in 2002, when Mark and several other colleagues at the " "University of Cape Town in South Africa founded the Free High School Science " @@ -10550,12 +10644,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8211 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8241 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8208 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8238 msgid "" "As physicists, Mark and his colleagues were advocates of open-source " "software. To make the books open and free, they adopted the Free Software " @@ -10567,7 +10661,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8217 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8247 msgid "" "In 2007, the Shuttleworth Foundation offered funding support to make the " "textbooks available for trial use at more schools. Surveys before and after " @@ -10577,7 +10671,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8225 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8255 msgid "" "But the development of new textbooks froze at this stage. Mark shifted his " "focus to rural schools, which didn’t have textbooks at all, and looked into " @@ -10586,12 +10680,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8235 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8265 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.capetowndeclaration.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8231 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8261 msgid "" "In 2007, Shuttleworth and the Open Society Institute convened a group of " "open-education activists for a small but lively meeting in Cape Town. One " @@ -10603,7 +10697,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8240 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8270 msgid "" "They wrote six original textbooks. A small publishing company offered " "Shuttleworth the option to buy out the publisher’s existing K–9 content for " @@ -10613,7 +10707,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8248 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8278 msgid "" "Mark wanted to build out the remaining curricula collaboratively through " "communities of practice—that is, with fellow educators and writers. Although " @@ -10629,12 +10723,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8267 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8297 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://cnx.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8263 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8293 msgid "" "Not only did Mark want the resources to be shareable, he wanted all teachers " "to be able to remix and edit the content. Mark and his team had to come up " @@ -10646,7 +10740,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8271 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8301 msgid "" "Then the Shuttleworth Foundation decided to completely restructure its work " "as a foundation into a fellowship model (for reasons completely unrelated to " @@ -10655,7 +10749,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8278 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8308 msgid "" "Mark and his team experimented with several different strategies. They " "tried creating an authoring and hosting platform called Full Marks so that " @@ -10666,7 +10760,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8286 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8316 msgid "" "Then the South African government approached Siyavula with an interest in " "printing out the original six Free High School Science Texts (math and " @@ -10677,7 +10771,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8294 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8324 msgid "" "They began to conceive of the six books as having massive marketing " "potential for Siyavula. Printing Siyavula books for every kid in South " @@ -10688,7 +10782,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8303 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8333 msgid "" "Mark and his team began imagining what they could develop beyond what was in " "the textbooks as a service they charge for. One key thing you can’t do well " @@ -10702,7 +10796,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8316 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8346 msgid "" "The costs for using Intelligent Practice were set very low, making it " "accessible even to those with limited financial means. Siyavula was going " @@ -10711,7 +10805,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8322 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8352 msgid "" "The government distributed the books to 1.5 million students, but there was " "an unexpected wrinkle: the books were delivered late. Rather than wait, " @@ -10722,18 +10816,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8331 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8361 msgid "" "Siyavula’s site did see a dramatic increase in traffic. They got five " "hundred thousand visitors per month to their math site and the same number " -"to their science site. Two-fifths of the traffic was reading on a “feature " -"phone” (a nonsmartphone with no apps). People on basic phones were reading " -"math and science on a two-inch screen at all hours of the day. To Mark, it " -"was quite amazing and spoke to a need they were servicing." +"to their science site. Two-fifths of the traffic was reading on a " +"<quote>feature phone</quote> (a nonsmartphone with no apps). People on basic " +"phones were reading math and science on a two-inch screen at all hours of " +"the day. To Mark, it was quite amazing and spoke to a need they were " +"servicing." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8340 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8370 msgid "" "At first, the Intelligent Practice services could only be paid using a " "credit card. This proved problematic, especially for those in the low-income " @@ -10744,7 +10839,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8349 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8379 msgid "" "Mark describes this as the first version of Siyavula’s business model: open " "textbooks serving as marketing material and driving traffic to your site, " @@ -10753,7 +10848,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8355 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8385 msgid "" "For Mark a key decision for Siyavula’s business was to focus on how they can " "add value on top of their basic service. They’ll charge only if they are " @@ -10764,7 +10859,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8364 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8394 msgid "" "Version two of Siyavula’s business model was a big, ambitious idea—scale up. " "They also decided to sell the Intelligent Practice service to schools " @@ -10777,7 +10872,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8375 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8405 msgid "" "Teachers get a dashboard that allows them to monitor the progress of an " "entire class or view an individual learner’s results. They can see the " @@ -10788,7 +10883,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8384 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8414 msgid "" "Based on the success of this effort, Siyavula decided to substantially " "increase the production of open educational resources so they could provide " @@ -10798,12 +10893,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8395 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8425 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.siyavula.com/products-primary-school.html\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8392 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8422 msgid "" "In partnership with, and sponsored by, the Sasol Inzalo Foundation, Siyavula " "produced a series of natural sciences and technology workbooks for grades 4 " @@ -10813,7 +10908,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8399 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8429 msgid "" "Through this experience, Siyavula learned they could get sponsors to help " "fund openly licensed textbooks. It helped that Siyavula had by this time " @@ -10825,7 +10920,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8409 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8439 msgid "" "The Siyavula books that are reviewed, approved, and branded by the " "government are freely and openly available on Siyavula’s website under an " @@ -10836,7 +10931,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8417 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8447 msgid "" "Although the South African government paid to print and distribute hard " "copies of the books to schoolkids, Siyavula itself received no funding from " @@ -10849,7 +10944,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8428 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8458 msgid "" "Using Siyavula books generated huge savings for the government. Providing " "students with a traditionally published grade 12 science or math textbook " @@ -10861,7 +10956,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8438 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8468 msgid "" "Just as Siyavula was planning to scale up the production of open textbooks " "even more, the South African government changed its textbook policy. To save " @@ -10871,7 +10966,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8446 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8476 msgid "" "Rather than producing more textbooks, Siyavula focused on improving its " "Intelligent Practice technology for its existing books. Mark calls this " @@ -10884,7 +10979,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8457 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8487 msgid "" "Mark says sales are way up, and they are really nailing Intelligent " "Practice. Schools continue to use their open textbooks. The government-" @@ -10893,7 +10988,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8464 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8494 msgid "" "Siyavula is exploring a range of enhancements to their business model. These " "include charging a small amount for assessment services provided over the " @@ -10903,7 +10998,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8472 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8502 msgid "" "Siyavula is a for-profit business but one with a social mission. Their " "shareholders’ agreement lists lots of requirements around openness for " @@ -10919,42 +11014,42 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8488 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8518 msgid "SparkFun" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8491 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8521 msgid "" "SparkFun is an online electronics retailer specializing in open hardware. " "Founded in 2003 in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8495 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8525 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.sparkfun.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8497 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8527 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for physical " "copies (electronics sales)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8500 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8530 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 29, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8503 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8533 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Nathan Seidle, founder" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8511 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8541 msgid "" "SparkFun founder and former CEO Nathan Seidle has a picture of himself " "holding up a clone of a SparkFun product in an electronics market in China, " @@ -10964,16 +11059,16 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8518 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8547 msgid "" -"“Being copied is the greatest earmark of flattery and success,” Nathan said. " -"“I thought it was so cool that they were selling to a market we were never " -"going to get access to otherwise. It was evidence of our impact on the " -"world.”" +"<quote>Being copied is the greatest earmark of flattery and success,</quote> " +"Nathan said. <quote>I thought it was so cool that they were selling to a " +"market we were never going to get access to otherwise. It was evidence of " +"our impact on the world.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8524 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8553 msgid "" "This worldview runs through everything SparkFun does. SparkFun is an " "electronics manufacturer. The company sells its products directly to the " @@ -10984,74 +11079,76 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8533 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8562 msgid "" -"Nathan believes open licensing is good for the world. “It touches on our " -"natural human instinct to share,” he said. But he also strongly believes it " -"makes SparkFun better at what they do. They encourage copying, and their " -"products are copied at a very fast rate, often within ten to twelve weeks of " -"release. This forces the company to compete on something other than product " -"design, or what most commonly consider their intellectual property." +"Nathan believes open licensing is good for the world. <quote>It touches on " +"our natural human instinct to share,</quote> he said. But he also strongly " +"believes it makes SparkFun better at what they do. They encourage copying, " +"and their products are copied at a very fast rate, often within ten to " +"twelve weeks of release. This forces the company to compete on something " +"other than product design, or what most commonly consider their intellectual " +"property." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8542 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8571 msgid "" -"“We compete on business principles,” Nathan said. “Claiming your territory " -"with intellectual property allows you to get comfy and rest on your laurels. " -"It gives you a safety net. We took away that safety net.”" +"<quote>We compete on business principles,</quote> Nathan said. " +"<quote>Claiming your territory with intellectual property allows you to get " +"comfy and rest on your laurels. It gives you a safety net. We took away that " +"safety net.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8548 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8577 msgid "" "The result is an intense company-wide focus on product development and " -"improvement. “Our products are so much better than they were five years " -"ago,” Nathan said. “We used to just sell products. Now it’s a product plus a " -"video, a seventeen-page hookup guide, and example firmware on three " -"different platforms to get you up and running faster. We have gotten better " -"because we had to in order to compete. As painful as it is for us, it’s " -"better for the customers.”" +"improvement. <quote>Our products are so much better than they were five " +"years ago,</quote> Nathan said. <quote>We used to just sell products. Now " +"it’s a product plus a video, a seventeen-page hookup guide, and example " +"firmware on three different platforms to get you up and running faster. We " +"have gotten better because we had to in order to compete. As painful as it " +"is for us, it’s better for the customers.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8558 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8587 msgid "" "SparkFun parts are available on eBay for lower prices. But people come " "directly to SparkFun because SparkFun makes their lives easier. The example " "code works; there is a service number to call; they ship replacement parts " "the day they get a service call. They invest heavily in service and support. " -"“I don’t believe businesses should be competing with IP [intellectual " -"property] barriers,” Nathan said. “This is the stuff they should be " -"competing on.”" +"<quote>I don’t believe businesses should be competing with IP [intellectual " +"property] barriers,</quote> Nathan said. <quote>This is the stuff they " +"should be competing on.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8567 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8597 msgid "" "SparkFun’s company history began in Nathan’s college dorm room. He spent a " "lot of time experimenting with and building electronics, and he realized " -"there was a void in the market. “If you wanted to place an order for " -"something,” he said, “you first had to search far and wide to find it, and " -"then you had to call or fax someone.” In 2003, during his third year of " -"college, he registered <ulink url=\"http://sparkfun.com\"/> and started " -"reselling products out of his bedroom. After he graduated, he started making " -"and selling his own products." +"there was a void in the market. <quote>If you wanted to place an order for " +"something,</quote> he said, <quote>you first had to search far and wide to " +"find it, and then you had to call or fax someone.</quote> In 2003, during " +"his third year of college, he registered <ulink url=\"http://sparkfun.com\"/" +"> and started reselling products out of his bedroom. After he graduated, he " +"started making and selling his own products." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8578 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8609 msgid "" "Once he started designing his own products, he began putting the software " "and schematics online to help with technical support. After doing some " "research on licensing options, he chose Creative Commons licenses because he " -"was drawn to the “human-readable deeds” that explain the licensing terms in " -"simple terms. SparkFun still uses CC licenses for all of the schematics and " -"firmware for the products they create." +"was drawn to the <quote>human-readable deeds</quote> that explain the " +"licensing terms in simple terms. SparkFun still uses CC licenses for all of " +"the schematics and firmware for the products they create." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8587 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8618 msgid "" "The company has grown from a solo project to a corporation with 140 " "employees. In 2015, SparkFun earned $33 million in revenue. Selling " @@ -11062,7 +11159,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8596 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8627 msgid "" "SparkFun also has an educational department dedicated to creating a hands-on " "curriculum to teach students about electronics using prototyping parts. " @@ -11072,28 +11169,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8604 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8634 msgid "" -"“We have the burden and opportunity to educate the next generation of " -"technical citizens,” Nathan said. “Our goal is to affect the lives of three " -"hundred and fifty thousand high school students by 2020.”" +"<quote>We have the burden and opportunity to educate the next generation of " +"technical citizens,</quote> Nathan said. <quote>Our goal is to affect the " +"lives of three hundred and fifty thousand high school students by 2020.</" +"quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8610 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8640 msgid "" "The Creative Commons license underlying all of SparkFun’s products is " "central to this mission. The license not only signals a willingness to " "share, but it also expresses a desire for others to get in and tinker with " "their products, both to learn and to make their products better. SparkFun " -"uses the Attribution-ShareAlike license (CC BY-SA), which is a “copyleft” " -"license that allows people to do anything with the content as long as they " -"provide credit and make any adaptations available under the same licensing " -"terms." +"uses the Attribution-ShareAlike license (CC BY-SA), which is a " +"<quote>copyleft</quote> license that allows people to do anything with the " +"content as long as they provide credit and make any adaptations available " +"under the same licensing terms." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8621 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8651 msgid "" "From the beginning, Nathan has tried to create a work environment at " "SparkFun that he himself would want to work in. The result is what appears " @@ -11105,34 +11203,35 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8632 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8662 msgid "" "The public event, called the Autonomous Vehicle Competition, brings in a " "thousand to two thousand customers and other technology enthusiasts from " "around the area to race their own self-created bots against each other, " "participate in training workshops, and socialize. From a business " "perspective, Nathan says it’s a terrible idea. But they don’t hold the event " -"for business reasons. “The reason we do it is because I get to travel and " -"have interactions with our customers all the time, but most of our employees " -"don’t,” he said. “This event gives our employees the opportunity to get face-" -"to-face contact with our customers.” The event infuses their work with a " -"human element, which makes it more meaningful." +"for business reasons. <quote>The reason we do it is because I get to travel " +"and have interactions with our customers all the time, but most of our " +"employees don’t,</quote> he said. <quote>This event gives our employees the " +"opportunity to get face-to-face contact with our customers.</quote> The " +"event infuses their work with a human element, which makes it more " +"meaningful." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8646 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8676 msgid "" "Nathan has worked hard to imbue a deeper meaning into the work SparkFun " "does. The company is, of course, focused on being fiscally responsible, but " -"they are ultimately driven by something other than money. “Profit is not the " -"goal; it is the outcome of a well-executed plan,” Nathan said. “We focus on " -"having a bigger impact on the world.” Nathan believes they get some of the " -"brightest and most amazing employees because they aren’t singularly focused " -"on the bottom line." +"they are ultimately driven by something other than money. <quote>Profit is " +"not the goal; it is the outcome of a well-executed plan,</quote> Nathan " +"said. <quote>We focus on having a bigger impact on the world.</quote> Nathan " +"believes they get some of the brightest and most amazing employees because " +"they aren’t singularly focused on the bottom line." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8656 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8686 msgid "" "The company is committed to transparency and shares all of its financials " "with its employees. They also generally strive to avoid being another " @@ -11142,43 +11241,46 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8663 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8693 msgid "" "SparkFun’s customer base is largely made up of industrious electronics " "enthusiasts. They have customers who are regularly involved in the company’s " "customer support, independently responding to questions in forums and " "product-comment sections. Customers also bring product ideas to the " "company. SparkFun regularly sifts through suggestions from customers and " -"tries to build on them where they can. “From the beginning, we have been " -"listening to the community,” Nathan said. “Customers would identify a pain " -"point, and we would design something to address it.”" +"tries to build on them where they can. <quote>From the beginning, we have " +"been listening to the community,</quote> Nathan said. <quote>Customers " +"would identify a pain point, and we would design something to address it.</" +"quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8675 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8705 msgid "" "However, this sort of customer engagement does not always translate to " "people actively contributing to SparkFun’s projects. The company has a " "public repository of software code for each of its devices online. On a " "particularly active project, there will only be about two dozen people " "contributing significant improvements. The vast majority of projects are " -"relatively untouched by the public. “There is a theory that if you open-" -"source it, they will come,” Nathan said. “That’s not really true.”" +"relatively untouched by the public. <quote>There is a theory that if you " +"open-source it, they will come,</quote> Nathan said. <quote>That’s not " +"really true.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8686 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8716 msgid "" "Rather than focusing on cocreation with their customers, SparkFun instead " "focuses on enabling people to copy, tinker, and improve products on their " "own. They heavily invest in tutorials and other material designed to help " "people understand how the products work so they can fix and improve things " -"independently. “What gives me joy is when people take open-source layouts " -"and then build their own circuit boards from our designs,” Nathan said." +"independently. <quote>What gives me joy is when people take open-source " +"layouts and then build their own circuit boards from our designs,</quote> " +"Nathan said." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8695 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8726 msgid "" "Obviously, opening up the design of their products is a necessary step if " "their goal is to empower the public. Nathan also firmly believes it makes " @@ -11193,12 +11295,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8709 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8740 msgid "TeachAIDS" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8712 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8743 msgid "" "TeachAIDS is a nonprofit that creates educational materials designed to " "teach people around the world about HIV and AIDS. Founded in 2005 in the U." @@ -11206,29 +11308,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8717 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8748 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://teachaids.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8719 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8750 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: sponsorships" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8721 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8752 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: March 24, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8724 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8755 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: Piya Sorcar, the CEO, and " "Shuman Ghosemajumder, the chair" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8732 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8763 msgid "" "TeachAIDS is an unconventional media company with a conventional revenue " "model. Like most media companies, they are subsidized by advertising. " @@ -11237,7 +11339,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8738 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8769 msgid "" "But unlike most media companies, Teach-AIDS is a nonprofit organization with " "a purely social mission. TeachAIDS is dedicated to educating the global " @@ -11252,7 +11354,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8751 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8782 msgid "" "TeachAIDS is a labor of love for founder and CEO Piya Sorcar, who earns a " "salary of one dollar per year from the nonprofit. The project grew out of " @@ -11273,21 +11375,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8771 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8802 msgid "" "In late 2005, Piya and her team used research-based design to create new " "educational materials and worked with local partners in India to help " "distribute them. As soon as the animated software was posted online, Piya’s " "team started receiving requests from individuals and governments who were " -"interested in bringing this model to more countries. “We realized fairly " -"quickly that educating large populations about a topic that was considered " -"taboo would be challenging. We began by identifying optimal local partners " -"and worked toward creating an effective, culturally appropriate education,” " -"Piya said." +"interested in bringing this model to more countries. <quote>We realized " +"fairly quickly that educating large populations about a topic that was " +"considered taboo would be challenging. We began by identifying optimal local " +"partners and worked toward creating an effective, culturally appropriate " +"education,</quote> Piya said." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8783 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8814 msgid "" "Very shortly after the initial release, Piya’s team decided to spin the " "endeavor into an independent nonprofit out of Stanford University. They also " @@ -11295,34 +11397,35 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8789 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8820 msgid "" "Given their educational mission, TeachAIDS had an obvious interest in seeing " "the materials as widely shared as possible. But they also needed to preserve " "the integrity of the medical information in the content. They chose the " "Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs license (CC BY-NC-ND), which essentially " "gives the public the right to distribute only verbatim copies of the " -"content, and for noncommercial purposes. “We wanted attribution for " -"TeachAIDS, and we couldn’t stand by derivatives without vetting them,” the " -"cofounder and chair Shuman Ghosemajumder said. “It was almost a no-brainer " -"to go with a CC license because it was a plug-and-play solution to this " -"exact problem. It has allowed us to scale our materials safely and quickly " -"worldwide while preserving our content and protecting us at the same time.”" +"content, and for noncommercial purposes. <quote>We wanted attribution for " +"TeachAIDS, and we couldn’t stand by derivatives without vetting them,</" +"quote> the cofounder and chair Shuman Ghosemajumder said. <quote>It was " +"almost a no-brainer to go with a CC license because it was a plug-and-play " +"solution to this exact problem. It has allowed us to scale our materials " +"safely and quickly worldwide while preserving our content and protecting us " +"at the same time.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8804 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8836 msgid "" "Choosing a license that does not allow adaptation of the content was an " "outgrowth of the careful precision with which TeachAIDS crafts their " "content. The organization invests heavily in research and testing to " -"determine the best method of conveying the information. “Creating high-" -"quality content is what matters most to us,” Piya said. “Research drives " -"everything we do.”" +"determine the best method of conveying the information. <quote>Creating high-" +"quality content is what matters most to us,</quote> Piya said. " +"<quote>Research drives everything we do.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8812 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8845 msgid "" "One important finding was that people accept the message best when it comes " "from familiar voices they trust and admire. To achieve this, TeachAIDS " @@ -11333,7 +11436,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8821 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8854 msgid "" "Localization is probably the single-most important aspect of the way " "TeachAIDS creates its content. While each regional version builds from the " @@ -11349,7 +11452,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8836 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8869 msgid "" "The localization process relies heavily on volunteers. Their volunteer base " "is deeply committed to the cause, and the organization has had better luck " @@ -11366,7 +11469,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8852 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8885 msgid "" "TeachAIDS employs full-time employees, contractors, and volunteers, all in " "different capacities and organizational configurations. They are careful to " @@ -11379,29 +11482,29 @@ msgid "" "but highly controlled, creative process is undertaken entirely by people who " "are specifically brought on to help with a particular project, rather than " "ongoing staff. The final product they create is designed to require zero " -"training for people to implement in practice. “In our research, we found we " -"can’t depend on people passing on the information correctly, even if they " -"have the best of intentions,” Piya said. “We need materials where you can " -"push play and they will work.”" +"training for people to implement in practice. <quote>In our research, we " +"found we can’t depend on people passing on the information correctly, even " +"if they have the best of intentions,</quote> Piya said. <quote>We need " +"materials where you can push play and they will work.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8871 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8905 msgid "" "Piya’s team was able to produce all of these versions over several years " "with a head count that never exceeded eight full-time employees. The " "organization is able to reduce costs by relying heavily on volunteers and in-" "kind donations. Nevertheless, the nonprofit needed a sustainable revenue " "model to subsidize content creation and physical distribution of the " -"materials. Charging even a low price was simply not an option. “Educators " -"from various nonprofits around the world were just creating their own " -"materials using whatever they could find for free online,” Shuman said. “The " -"only way to persuade them to use our highly effective model was to make it " -"completely free.”" +"materials. Charging even a low price was simply not an option. " +"<quote>Educators from various nonprofits around the world were just creating " +"their own materials using whatever they could find for free online,</quote> " +"Shuman said. <quote>The only way to persuade them to use our highly " +"effective model was to make it completely free.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8884 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8918 msgid "" "Like many content creators offering their work for free, they settled on " "advertising as a funding model. But they were extremely careful not to let " @@ -11414,61 +11517,61 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8895 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8929 msgid "" "TeachAIDS is careful not to seek funding to cover the costs of a specific " "project. Instead, sponsorships are structured as unrestricted donations to " "the nonprofit. This gives the nonprofit more stability, but even more " "importantly, it enables them to subsidize projects being localized for an " -"area with no sponsors. “If we just created versions based on where we could " -"get sponsorships, we would only have materials for wealthier countries,” " -"Shuman said." +"area with no sponsors. <quote>If we just created versions based on where we " +"could get sponsorships, we would only have materials for wealthier countries," +"</quote> Shuman said." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8905 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8939 msgid "" -"As of 2016, TeachAIDS has dozens of sponsors. “When we go into a new " -"country, various companies hear about us and reach out to us,” Piya said. " -"“We don’t have to do much to find or attract them.” They believe the " -"sponsorships are easy to sell because they offer so much value to sponsors. " -"TeachAIDS sponsorships give corporations the chance to reach new eyeballs " -"with their brand, but at a much lower cost than other advertising channels. " -"The audience for TeachAIDS content also tends to skew young, which is often " -"a desirable demographic for brands. Unlike traditional advertising, the " -"content is not time-sensitive, so an investment in a sponsorship can benefit " -"a brand for many years to come." +"As of 2016, TeachAIDS has dozens of sponsors. <quote>When we go into a new " +"country, various companies hear about us and reach out to us,</quote> Piya " +"said. <quote>We don’t have to do much to find or attract them.</quote> They " +"believe the sponsorships are easy to sell because they offer so much value " +"to sponsors. TeachAIDS sponsorships give corporations the chance to reach " +"new eyeballs with their brand, but at a much lower cost than other " +"advertising channels. The audience for TeachAIDS content also tends to skew " +"young, which is often a desirable demographic for brands. Unlike traditional " +"advertising, the content is not time-sensitive, so an investment in a " +"sponsorship can benefit a brand for many years to come." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8918 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8953 msgid "" "Importantly, the value to corporate sponsors goes beyond commercial " "considerations. As a nonprofit with a clearly articulated social mission, " -"corporate sponsorships are donations to a cause. “This is something " -"companies can be proud of internally,” Shuman said. Some companies have even " -"built publicity campaigns around the fact that they have sponsored these " -"initiatives." +"corporate sponsorships are donations to a cause. <quote>This is something " +"companies can be proud of internally,</quote> Shuman said. Some companies " +"have even built publicity campaigns around the fact that they have sponsored " +"these initiatives." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8927 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8962 msgid "" "The core mission of TeachAIDS—ensuring global access to life-saving education" "—is at the root of everything the organization does. It underpins the work; " "it motivates the funders. The CC license on the materials they create " "furthers that mission, allowing them to safely and quickly scale their " -"materials worldwide. “The Creative Commons license has been a game changer " -"for TeachAIDS,” Piya said." +"materials worldwide. <quote>The Creative Commons license has been a game " +"changer for TeachAIDS,</quote> Piya said." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8937 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8972 msgid "Tribe of Noise" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8940 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8975 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise is a for-profit online music platform serving the film, TV, " "video, gaming, and in-store-media industries. Founded in 2008 in the " @@ -11476,24 +11579,24 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8945 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8980 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.tribeofnoise.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8950 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8985 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: January 26, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8953 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8988 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Hessel van Oorschot, " "cofounder" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8961 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8996 msgid "" "In the early 2000s, Hessel van Oorschot was an entrepreneur running a " "business where he coached other midsize entrepreneurs how to create an " @@ -11504,7 +11607,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8970 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9005 msgid "" "In 2005, Hessel and Sandra Brandenburg launched a niche video-production " "initiative. Almost immediately, they ran into issues around finding and " @@ -11516,19 +11619,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8980 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9015 msgid "" "They hired two lawyers to investigate further, and while they uncovered five " "or six examples, Hessel found the business models lacking. The lawyers " "expressed interest in being their legal team should they decide to pursue " -"this as an entrepreneurial opportunity. Hessel says, “When lawyers are " -"interested in a venture like this, you might have something special.” So " -"after some more research, in early 2008, Hessel and Sandra decided to build " -"a platform." +"this as an entrepreneurial opportunity. Hessel says, <quote>When lawyers are " +"interested in a venture like this, you might have something special.</quote> " +"So after some more research, in early 2008, Hessel and Sandra decided to " +"build a platform." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8990 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9025 msgid "" "Building a platform posed a real chicken-and-egg problem. The platform had " "to build an online community of music-rights holders and, at the same time, " @@ -11538,7 +11641,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8997 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9032 msgid "" "In July 2008, Tribe of Noise opened its virtual doors with a couple hundred " "musicians willing to use the CC BY-SA license (Attribution-ShareAlike) for a " @@ -11548,12 +11651,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9012 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9047 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.instoremusicservice.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9005 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9040 msgid "" "As they were growing the community, Hessel got a phone call from a company " "that made in-store music playlists asking if they had enough music licensed " @@ -11566,7 +11669,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9015 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9050 msgid "" "In most countries, artists, authors, and musicians join a collecting society " "that manages the licensing and helps collect the royalties. Copyright " @@ -11582,12 +11685,12 @@ msgid "" "hesitant and said no, but Tribe of Noise persisted arguing that they " "primarily work with unknown artists and provide them exposure in parts of " "the world where they don’t get airtime normally and a source of revenue—and " -"this convinced them that it was OK. However, Hessel says, “We are still " -"fighting for a good cause every single day.”" +"this convinced them that it was OK. However, Hessel says, <quote>We are " +"still fighting for a good cause every single day.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9036 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9071 msgid "" "Instead of building a large sales force, Tribe of Noise partnered with big " "organizations who have lots of clients and can act as a kind of Tribe of " @@ -11595,14 +11698,14 @@ msgid "" "sells Tribe’s In-store Music Service subscriptions to their business " "clients, which include fashion retailers and fitness centers. They have a " "similar deal with the leading trade association representing hotels and " -"restaurants in the country. Hessel hopes to “copy and paste” this service " -"into other countries where collecting societies understand what you can do " -"with Creative Commons. Outside of the Netherlands, early adoptions have " -"happened in Scandinavia, Belgium, and the U.S." +"restaurants in the country. Hessel hopes to <quote>copy and paste</quote> " +"this service into other countries where collecting societies understand what " +"you can do with Creative Commons. Outside of the Netherlands, early " +"adoptions have happened in Scandinavia, Belgium, and the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9049 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9085 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise doesn’t pay the musicians up front; they get paid when their " "music ends up in Tribe of Noise’s in-store music channels. The musicians’ " @@ -11612,12 +11715,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9065 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9101 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.tribeofnoise.com/info_instoremusic.php\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9057 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9093 msgid "" "A few of your songs [licensed with CC BY-SA], for example five in total, are " "selected for a bespoke in-store music channel broadcasting at a large " @@ -11630,7 +11733,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9068 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9104 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise has another model that does not involve Creative Commons. In " "a survey with members, most said they liked the exposure using Creative " @@ -11642,20 +11745,20 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9079 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9115 msgid "" "Hessel’s legal team took this feedback and created a second model and " "separate area of the platform called Tribe of Noise Pro. Songs uploaded to " "Tribe of Noise Pro aren’t Creative Commons licensed; Tribe of Noise has " -"instead created a “nonexclusive exploitation” contract, similar to a " -"Creative Commons license but allowing musicians to opt out whenever they " -"want. When you opt out, Tribe of Noise agrees to take your music off the " -"Tribe of Noise platform within one to two months. This lets the musician " +"instead created a <quote>nonexclusive exploitation</quote> contract, similar " +"to a Creative Commons license but allowing musicians to opt out whenever " +"they want. When you opt out, Tribe of Noise agrees to take your music off " +"the Tribe of Noise platform within one to two months. This lets the musician " "reuse their song for a better deal." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9090 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9126 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise Pro is primarily geared toward media makers who are looking " "for music. If they buy a license from this catalog, they don’t have to state " @@ -11665,7 +11768,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9098 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9134 msgid "" "Lots of Tribe of Noise musicians upload songs to both Tribe of Noise Pro and " "the community area of Tribe of Noises. There aren’t that many artists who " @@ -11674,7 +11777,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9104 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9140 msgid "" "Hessel sees the two as complementary. Both are needed for the model to work. " "With a whole generation of musicians interested in the sharing economy, the " @@ -11684,7 +11787,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9112 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9148 msgid "" "Every musician who joins Tribe of Noise gets their own home page and free " "unlimited Web space to upload as much of their own music as they like. Tribe " @@ -11697,7 +11800,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9123 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9159 msgid "" "Another way Tribe of Noise creates community and interest is with contests, " "which are organized in partnership with Tribe of Noise clients. The client " @@ -11708,7 +11811,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9133 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9169 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise now has twenty-seven thousand members from 192 countries, and " "many are exploring do-it-yourself models for generating revenue. Some came " @@ -11722,7 +11825,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9145 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9181 msgid "" "It’s not uncommon for performance-rights organizations, record labels, or " "music publishers to sign contracts with musicians based on exclusivity. Such " @@ -11740,7 +11843,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9162 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9198 msgid "" "For Hessel the key to Tribe of Noise’s success is trust. The fact that " "Creative Commons licenses work the same way all over the world and have been " @@ -11753,46 +11856,46 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9174 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9210 msgid "Wikimedia Foundation" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9177 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9213 msgid "" "The Wikimedia Foundation is the nonprofit organization that hosts Wikipedia " "and its sister projects. Founded in 2003 in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9182 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9218 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://wikimediafoundation.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9184 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9220 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: donations" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9186 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9222 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: December 18, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9189 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9225 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: Luis Villa, former Chief " "Officer of Community Engagement, and Stephen LaPorte, legal counsel" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9198 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9234 msgid "Nearly every person with an online presence knows Wikipedia." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9201 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9237 msgid "" "In many ways, it is the preeminent open project: The online encyclopedia is " "created entirely by volunteers. Anyone in the world can edit the articles. " @@ -11802,7 +11905,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9209 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9245 msgid "" "As of December 2016, there were more than forty-two million articles in the " "295 language editions of the online encyclopedia, according to—what else?—" @@ -11810,7 +11913,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9214 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9250 msgid "" "The Wikimedia Foundation is a U.S.-based nonprofit organization that owns " "the Wikipedia domain name and hosts the site, along with many other related " @@ -11826,16 +11929,16 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9228 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9264 msgid "" -"As Wikimedia legal counsel Stephen LaPorte told us, “There is a common " -"saying that Wikipedia works in practice but not in theory.” While it " +"As Wikimedia legal counsel Stephen LaPorte told us, <quote>There is a common " +"saying that Wikipedia works in practice but not in theory.</quote> While it " "undoubtedly has its challenges and flaws, Wikipedia and its sister projects " "are a striking testament to the power of human collaboration." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9235 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9271 msgid "" "Because of its extraordinary breadth and scope, it does feel a bit like a " "unicorn. Indeed, there is nothing else like Wikipedia. Still, much of what " @@ -11846,7 +11949,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9244 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9280 msgid "" "The story of Wikipedia has been told many times. For our purposes, it is " "enough to know the experiment started in 2001 at a small scale, inspired by " @@ -11860,46 +11963,47 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9256 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9292 msgid "" "The nature of the content the community creates is ideal for asynchronous " -"cocreation. “An encyclopedia is something where incremental community " -"improvement really works,” Luis Villa, former Chief Officer of Community " -"Engagement, told us. The rules and processes that govern cocreation on " -"Wikipedia and its sister projects are all community-driven and vary by " -"language edition. There are entire books written on the intricacies of " -"their systems, but generally speaking, there are very few exceptions to the " -"rule that anyone can edit any article, even without an account on their " +"cocreation. <quote>An encyclopedia is something where incremental community " +"improvement really works,</quote> Luis Villa, former Chief Officer of " +"Community Engagement, told us. The rules and processes that govern " +"cocreation on Wikipedia and its sister projects are all community-driven and " +"vary by language edition. There are entire books written on the intricacies " +"of their systems, but generally speaking, there are very few exceptions to " +"the rule that anyone can edit any article, even without an account on their " "system. The extensive peer-review process includes elaborate systems to " "resolve disputes, methods for managing particularly controversial subject " "areas, talk pages explaining decisions, and much, much more. The Wikimedia " "Foundation’s decision to leave governance of the projects to the community " -"is very deliberate. “We look at the things that the community can do well, " -"and we want to let them do those things,” Stephen told us. Instead, the " -"foundation focuses its time and resources on what the community cannot do as " -"effectively, like the software engineering that supports the technical " -"infrastructure of the sites. In 2015-16, about half of the foundation’s " -"budget went to direct support for the Wikimedia sites." +"is very deliberate. <quote>We look at the things that the community can do " +"well, and we want to let them do those things,</quote> Stephen told us. " +"Instead, the foundation focuses its time and resources on what the community " +"cannot do as effectively, like the software engineering that supports the " +"technical infrastructure of the sites. In 2015-16, about half of the " +"foundation’s budget went to direct support for the Wikimedia sites." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9279 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9316 msgid "" "Some of that is directed at servers and general IT support, but the " "foundation also invests a significant amount on architecture designed to " -"help the site function as effectively as possible. “There is a constantly " -"evolving system to keep the balance in place to avoid Wikipedia becoming the " -"world’s biggest graffiti wall,” Luis said. Depending on how you measure it, " -"somewhere between 90 to 98 percent of edits to Wikipedia are positive. Some " -"portion of that success is attributable to the tools Wikimedia has in place " -"to try to incentivize good actors. “The secret to having any healthy " -"community is bringing back the right people,” Luis said. “Vandals tend to " -"get bored and go away. That is partially our model working, and partially " -"just human nature.” Most of the time, people want to do the right thing." +"help the site function as effectively as possible. <quote>There is a " +"constantly evolving system to keep the balance in place to avoid Wikipedia " +"becoming the world’s biggest graffiti wall,</quote> Luis said. Depending on " +"how you measure it, somewhere between 90 to 98 percent of edits to Wikipedia " +"are positive. Some portion of that success is attributable to the tools " +"Wikimedia has in place to try to incentivize good actors. <quote>The secret " +"to having any healthy community is bringing back the right people,</quote> " +"Luis said. <quote>Vandals tend to get bored and go away. That is partially " +"our model working, and partially just human nature.</quote> Most of the " +"time, people want to do the right thing." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9294 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9332 msgid "" "Wikipedia not only relies on good behavior within its community and on its " "sites, but also by everyone else once the content leaves Wikipedia. All of " @@ -11907,20 +12011,20 @@ msgid "" "(CC BY-SA), which means it can be used for any purpose and modified so long " "as credit is given and anything new is shared back with the public under the " "same license. In theory, that means anyone can copy the content and start a " -"new Wikipedia. But as Stephen explained, “Being open has only made Wikipedia " -"bigger and stronger. The desire to protect is not always what is best for " -"everyone.”" +"new Wikipedia. But as Stephen explained, <quote>Being open has only made " +"Wikipedia bigger and stronger. The desire to protect is not always what is " +"best for everyone.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9318 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9356 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://gimletmedia.com/episode/14-the-art-of-making-and-fixing-" "mistakes/\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9306 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9344 msgid "" "Of course, the primary reason no one has successfully co-opted Wikipedia is " "that copycat efforts do not have the Wikipedia community to sustain what " @@ -11929,18 +12033,18 @@ msgid "" "in a million different ways, in a million different capacities, for a " "million different reasons. While many have tried to guess what makes " "Wikipedia work as well it does, the fact is there is no single explanation. " -"“In a movement as large as ours, there is an incredible diversity of " -"motivations,” Stephen said. For example, there is one editor of the English " -"Wikipedia edition who has corrected a single grammatical error in articles " -"more than forty-eight thousand times.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/" -"> Only a fraction of Wikipedia users are also editors. But editing is not " -"the only way to contribute to Wikipedia. “Some donate text, some donate " -"images, some donate financially,” Stephen told us. “They are all " -"contributors.”" +"<quote>In a movement as large as ours, there is an incredible diversity of " +"motivations,</quote> Stephen said. For example, there is one editor of the " +"English Wikipedia edition who has corrected a single grammatical error in " +"articles more than forty-eight thousand times.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " +"id=\"0\"/> Only a fraction of Wikipedia users are also editors. But editing " +"is not the only way to contribute to Wikipedia. <quote>Some donate text, " +"some donate images, some donate financially,</quote> Stephen told us. " +"<quote>They are all contributors.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9324 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9363 msgid "" "But the vast majority of us who use Wikipedia are not contributors; we are " "passive readers. The Wikimedia Foundation survives primarily on individual " @@ -11952,7 +12056,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9334 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9373 msgid "" "The foundation has a fund-raising team that works year-round to raise money, " "but the bulk of their revenue comes in during the December campaign in " @@ -11964,7 +12068,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9345 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9384 msgid "" "The vision of the Wikimedia Foundation is a world in which every single " "human being can freely share in the sum of all knowledge. They work to " @@ -11976,7 +12080,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9354 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9393 msgid "" "The philosophy behind the endeavor also enables the foundation to be " "financially sustainable. It instills trust in their readership, which is " @@ -11985,30 +12089,31 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9360 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9399 msgid "" "Any given edit on Wikipedia could be motivated by nearly an infinite number " "of reasons. But the social mission of the project is what binds the global " -"community together. “Wikipedia is an example of how a mission can motivate " -"an entire movement,” Stephen told us." +"community together. <quote>Wikipedia is an example of how a mission can " +"motivate an entire movement,</quote> Stephen told us." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9367 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9406 msgid "" "Of course, what results from that movement is one of the Internet’s great " -"public resources. “The Internet has a lot of businesses and stores, but it " -"is missing the digital equivalent of parks and open public spaces,” Stephen " -"said. “Wikipedia has found a way to be that open public space.”" +"public resources. <quote>The Internet has a lot of businesses and stores, " +"but it is missing the digital equivalent of parks and open public spaces,</" +"quote> Stephen said. <quote>Wikipedia has found a way to be that open " +"public space.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9376 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9416 msgid "Bibliography" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9378 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9418 msgid "" "Alperovitz, Gar. What Then Must We Do? Straight Talk about the Next American " "Revolution; Democratizing Wealth and Building a Community-Sustaining Economy " @@ -12016,33 +12121,33 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9384 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9424 msgid "" "Anderson, Chris. Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by Giving " "Something for Nothing, reprint with new preface. New York: Hyperion, 2010." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9389 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9429 msgid "———. Makers: The New Industrial Revolution. New York: Signal, 2012." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9392 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9432 msgid "" "Ariely, Dan. Predictably Irrational: The Hidden Forces That Shape Our " -"Decisions. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Perennial, 2010." +"Decisions. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Perennial, 2010." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9396 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9436 msgid "" "Bacon, Jono. The Art of Community. 2nd ed. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, " "2012." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9400 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9440 msgid "" "Benkler, Yochai. The Wealth of Networks: How Social Production Transforms " "Markets and Freedom. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2006. <ulink url=" @@ -12051,7 +12156,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9407 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9447 msgid "" "Benyayer, Louis-David, ed. Open Models: Business Models of the Open Economy. " "Cachan, France: Without Model, 2016. <ulink url=\"http://www.slideshare.net/" @@ -12059,7 +12164,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9413 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9453 msgid "" "Bollier, David. Commoning as a Transformative Social Paradigm. Paper " "commissioned by the Next Systems Project. Washington, DC: Democracy " @@ -12068,14 +12173,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9419 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9459 msgid "" "———. Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of the Commons. " "Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9423 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9463 msgid "" "Bollier, David, and Pat Conaty. Democratic Money and Capital for the " "Commons: Strategies for Transforming Neoliberal Finance through Commons-" @@ -12087,56 +12192,56 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9433 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9473 msgid "" "Bollier, David, and Silke Helfrich, eds. The Wealth of the Commons: A World " "Beyond Market and State. Amherst, MA: Levellers Press, 2012." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9437 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9477 msgid "" "Botsman, Rachel, and Roo Rogers. What’s Mine Is Yours: The Rise of " "Collaborative Consumption. New York: Harper Business, 2010." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9441 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9481 msgid "" "Boyle, James. The Public Domain: Enclosing the Commons of the Mind. New " "Haven: Yale University Press, 2008." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9444 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9484 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.thepublicdomain.org/download/\"/> (licensed under CC " "BY-NC-SA)." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9448 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9488 msgid "" "Capra, Fritjof, and Ugo Mattei. The Ecology of Law: Toward a Legal System in " "Tune with Nature and Community. Oakland, CA: Berrett-Koehler, 2015." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9453 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9493 msgid "" "Chesbrough, Henry. Open Business Models: How to Thrive in the New Innovation " "Landscape. Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 2006." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9457 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9497 msgid "" "———. Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and Profiting from " "Technology. Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2006." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9461 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9501 msgid "" "City of Bologna. Regulation on Collaboration between Citizens and the City " "for the Care and Regeneration of Urban Commons. Translated by LabGov " @@ -12147,37 +12252,38 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9468 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9508 msgid "" -"Cole, Daniel H. “Learning from Lin: Lessons and Cautions from the Natural " -"Commons for the Knowledge Commons.” Chap. 2 in Frischmann, Madison, and " -"Strandburg, Governing Knowledge Commons." +"Cole, Daniel H. <quote>Learning from Lin: Lessons and Cautions from the " +"Natural Commons for the Knowledge Commons.</quote> Chap. 2 in Frischmann, " +"Madison, and Strandburg, Governing Knowledge Commons." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9473 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9513 msgid "" "Creative Commons. 2015 State of the Commons. Mountain View, CA: Creative " "Commons, 2015. <ulink url=\"http://stateof.creativecommons.org/2015/\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9478 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9518 msgid "" "Doctorow, Cory. Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: Laws for the Internet " "Age. San Francisco: McSweeney’s, 2014." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9482 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9522 msgid "" -"Eckhardt, Giana, and Fleura Bardhi. “The Sharing Economy Isn’t about Sharing " -"at All.” Harvard Business Review, January 28, 2015. <ulink url=\"http://hbr." -"org/2015/01/the-sharing-economy-isnt-about-sharing-at-all\"/>." +"Eckhardt, Giana, and Fleura Bardhi. <quote>The Sharing Economy Isn’t about " +"Sharing at All.</quote> Harvard Business Review, January 28, 2015. <ulink " +"url=\"http://hbr.org/2015/01/the-sharing-economy-isnt-about-sharing-at-all\"/" +">." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9487 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9528 msgid "" "Elliott, Patricia W., and Daryl H. Hepting, eds. (2015). Free Knowledge: " "Confronting the Commodification of Human Discovery. Regina, SK: University " @@ -12186,164 +12292,166 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9494 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9535 msgid "" "Eyal, Nir. Hooked: How to Build Habit-Forming Products. With Ryan Hoover. " "New York: Portfolio, 2014." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9498 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9539 msgid "" -"Farley, Joshua, and Ida Kubiszewski. “The Economics of Information in a Post-" -"Carbon Economy.” Chap. 11 in Elliott and Hepting, Free Knowledge." +"Farley, Joshua, and Ida Kubiszewski. <quote>The Economics of Information in " +"a Post-Carbon Economy.</quote> Chap. 11 in Elliott and Hepting, Free " +"Knowledge." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9503 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9544 msgid "" -"Foster, William Landes, Peter Kim, and Barbara Christiansen. “Ten Nonprofit " -"Funding Models.” Stanford Social Innovation Review, Spring 2009. <ulink url=" -"\"http://ssir.org/articles/entry/ten_nonprofit_funding_models\"/>." +"Foster, William Landes, Peter Kim, and Barbara Christiansen. <quote>Ten " +"Nonprofit Funding Models.</quote> Stanford Social Innovation Review, Spring " +"2009. <ulink url=\"http://ssir.org/articles/entry/" +"ten_nonprofit_funding_models\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9509 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9550 msgid "" "Frischmann, Brett M. Infrastructure: The Social Value of Shared Resources. " "New York: Oxford University Press, 2012." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9513 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9554 msgid "" "Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg, eds. " "Governing Knowledge Commons. New York: Oxford University Press, 2014." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9518 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9559 msgid "" "Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg. " -"“Governing Knowledge Commons.” Chap. 1 in Frischmann, Madison, and " -"Strandburg, Governing Knowledge Commons." +"<quote>Governing Knowledge Commons.</quote> Chap. 1 in Frischmann, Madison, " +"and Strandburg, Governing Knowledge Commons." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9523 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9564 msgid "" "Gansky, Lisa. The Mesh: Why the Future of Business Is Sharing. Reprint with " "new epilogue. New York: Portfolio, 2012." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9527 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9568 msgid "" "Grant, Adam. Give and Take: Why Helping Others Drives Our Success. New " "York: Viking, 2013." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9531 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9572 msgid "" "Haiven, Max. Crises of Imagination, Crises of Power: Capitalism, Creativity " "and the Commons. New York: Zed Books, 2014." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9535 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9576 msgid "" "Harris, Malcom, ed. Share or Die: Voices of the Get Lost Generation in the " "Age of Crisis. With Neal Gorenflo. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2012." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9540 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9581 msgid "" "Hermida, Alfred. Tell Everyone: Why We Share and Why It Matters. Toronto: " "Doubleday Canada, 2014." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9544 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9585 msgid "" "Hyde, Lewis. Common as Air: Revolution, Art, and Ownership. New York: " "Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2010." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9548 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9589 msgid "" "———. The Gift: Creativity and the Artist in the Modern World. 2nd Vintage " "Books edition. New York: Vintage Books, 2007." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9552 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9593 msgid "" "Kelley, Tom, and David Kelley. Creative Confidence: Unleashing the Potential " "within Us All. New York: Crown, 2013." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9556 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9597 msgid "" "Kelly, Marjorie. Owning Our Future: The Emerging Ownership Revolution; " "Journeys to a Generative Economy. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2012." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9561 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9602 msgid "" "Kleon, Austin. Show Your Work: 10 Ways to Share Your Creativity and Get " "Discovered. New York: Workman, 2014." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9565 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9606 msgid "" "———. Steal Like an Artist: 10 Things Nobody Told You about Being Creative. " "New York: Workman, 2012." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9569 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9610 msgid "" "Kramer, Bryan. Shareology: How Sharing Is Powering the Human Economy. New " "York: Morgan James, 2016." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9573 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9614 msgid "" -"Lee, David. “Inside Medium: An Attempt to Bring Civility to the Internet.” " -"BBC News, March 3, 2016. <ulink url=\"http://www.bbc.com/news/" -"technology-35709680\"/>" +"Lee, David. <quote>Inside Medium: An Attempt to Bring Civility to the " +"Internet.</quote> BBC News, March 3, 2016. <ulink url=\"http://www.bbc.com/" +"news/technology-35709680\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9578 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9619 msgid "" "Lessig, Lawrence. Remix: Making Art and Commerce Thrive in the Hybrid " "Economy. New York: Penguin Press, 2008." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9582 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9623 msgid "" "Menzies, Heather. Reclaiming the Commons for the Common Good: A Memoir and " "Manifesto. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9586 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9627 msgid "" "Mason, Paul. Postcapitalism: A Guide to Our Future. New York: Farrar, Straus " "and Giroux, 2015." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9590 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9631 msgid "" "New York Times Customer Insight Group. The Psychology of Sharing: Why Do " "People Share Online? New York: New York Times Customer Insight Group, 2011. " @@ -12351,7 +12459,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9596 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9637 msgid "" "Osterwalder, Alex, and Yves Pigneur. Business Model Generation. Hoboken, " "NJ: John Wiley and Sons, 2010. A preview of the book is available at <ulink " @@ -12359,7 +12467,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9602 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9643 msgid "" "Osterwalder, Alex, Yves Pigneur, Greg Bernarda, and Adam Smith. Value " "Proposition Design. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons, 2014. A preview of the " @@ -12368,14 +12476,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9608 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9649 msgid "" "Palmer, Amanda. The Art of Asking: Or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Let " "People Help. New York: Grand Central, 2014." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9612 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9653 msgid "" "Pekel, Joris. Democratising the Rijksmuseum: Why Did the Rijksmuseum Make " "Available Their Highest Quality Material without Restrictions, and What Are " @@ -12385,7 +12493,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9620 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9661 msgid "" "Ramos, José Maria, ed. The City as Commons: A Policy Reader. Melbourne, " "Australia: Commons Transition Coalition, 2016. <ulink url=\"http://www." @@ -12394,16 +12502,16 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9626 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9667 msgid "" "Raymond, Eric S. The Cathedral and the Bazaar: Musings on Linux and Open " -"Source by an Accidental Revolutionary. Rev. ed. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly " -"Media, 2001. See esp. “The Magic Cauldron.” <ulink url=\"http://www.catb.org/" -"esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/\"/>." +"Source by an Accidental Revolutionary. Rev. ed. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly " +"Media, 2001. See esp. <quote>The Magic Cauldron.</quote> <ulink url=\"http://" +"www.catb.org/esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9632 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9673 msgid "" "Ries, Eric. The Lean Startup: How Today’s Entrepreneurs Use Continuous " "Innovation to Create Radically Successful Businesses. New York: Crown " @@ -12411,7 +12519,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9637 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9678 msgid "" "Rifkin, Jeremy. The Zero Marginal Cost Society: The Internet of Things, the " "Collaborative Commons, and the Eclipse of Capitalism. New York: Palgrave " @@ -12419,74 +12527,74 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9642 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9683 msgid "" "Rowe, Jonathan. Our Common Wealth. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9646 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9687 msgid "" "Rushkoff, Douglas. Throwing Rocks at the Google Bus: How Growth Became the " "Enemy of Prosperity. New York: Portfolio, 2016." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9650 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9691 msgid "" "Sandel, Michael J. What Money Can’t Buy: The Moral Limits of Markets. New " "York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2012." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9654 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9695 msgid "" "Shirky, Clay. Cognitive Surplus: How Technology Makes Consumers into " "Collaborators. London, England: Penguin Books, 2010." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9658 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9699 msgid "" "Slee, Tom. What’s Yours Is Mine: Against the Sharing Economy. New York: OR " "Books, 2015." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9662 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9703 msgid "" "Stephany, Alex. The Business of Sharing: Making in the New Sharing Economy. " "New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9666 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9707 msgid "" "Stepper, John. Working Out Loud: For a Better Career and Life. New York: " "Ikigai Press, 2015." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9670 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9711 msgid "" "Sull, Donald, and Kathleen M. Eisenhardt. Simple Rules: How to Thrive in a " "Complex World. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2015." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9674 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9715 msgid "" "Sundararajan, Arun. The Sharing Economy: The End of Employment and the Rise " "of Crowd-Based Capitalism. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2016." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9678 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9719 msgid "Surowiecki, James. The Wisdom of Crowds. New York: Anchor Books, 2005." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9682 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9723 msgid "" "Tapscott, Don, and Alex Tapscott. Blockchain Revolution: How the Technology " "Behind Bitcoin Is Changing Money, Business, and the World. Toronto: " @@ -12494,21 +12602,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9687 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9728 msgid "" "Tharp, Twyla. The Creative Habit: Learn It and Use It for Life. With Mark " "Reiter. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2006." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9691 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9732 msgid "" "Tkacz, Nathaniel. Wikipedia and the Politics of Openness. Chicago: " "University of Chicago Press, 2015." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9695 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9736 msgid "" "Van Abel, Bass, Lucas Evers, Roel Klaassen, and Peter Troxler, eds. Open " "Design Now: Why Design Cannot Remain Exclusive. Amsterdam: BIS Publishers, " @@ -12518,7 +12626,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9703 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9744 msgid "" "Van den Hoff, Ronald. Mastering the Global Transition on Our Way to Society " "3.0. Utrecht, the Netherlands: Society 3.0 Foundation, 2014. <ulink url=" @@ -12526,7 +12634,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9709 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9750 msgid "" "Von Hippel, Eric. Democratizing Innovation. London: MIT Press, 2005. <ulink " "url=\"http://web.mit.edu/evhippel/www/democ1.htm\"/> (licensed under CC BY-" @@ -12534,19 +12642,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9714 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9755 msgid "" "Whitehurst, Jim. The Open Organization: Igniting Passion and Performance. " "Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2015." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9719 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9760 msgid "Acknowledgments" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9721 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9762 msgid "" "We extend special thanks to Creative Commons CEO Ryan Merkley, the Creative " "Commons Board, and all of our Creative Commons colleagues for " @@ -12556,7 +12664,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9728 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9769 msgid "" "Huge appreciation to all the Made with Creative Commons interviewees for " "sharing their stories with us. You make the commons come alive. Thanks for " @@ -12564,7 +12672,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9733 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9774 msgid "" "We interviewed more than the twenty-four organizations profiled in this " "book. We extend special thanks to Gooru, OERu, Sage Bionetworks, and Medium " @@ -12574,7 +12682,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9741 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9782 msgid "" "This book was made possible by the generous support of 1,687 Kickstarter " "backers listed below. We especially acknowledge our many Kickstarter co-" @@ -12583,7 +12691,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9747 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9788 msgid "" "Co-editor Kickstarter backers (alphabetically by first name): Abraham " "Taherivand, Alan Graham, Alfredo Louro, Anatoly Volynets, Aurora Thornton, " @@ -12632,7 +12740,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9798 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9839 msgid "" "All other Kickstarter backers (alphabetically by first name): A. Lee, Aaron " "C. Rathbun, Aaron Stubbs, Aaron Suggs, Abdul Razak Manaf, Abraham " @@ -12724,7 +12832,7 @@ msgid "" "Kiefer, Dirk Loop, DJ Fusion - FuseBox Radio Broadcast, Dom jurkewitz, Dom " "Lane, Domi Enders, Domingo Gallardo, Dominic de Haas, Dominique Karadjian, " "Dongpo Deng, Donnovan Knight, Door de Flines, Doug Fitzpatrick, Doug Hoover, " -"Douglas Craver, Douglas Van Camp, Douglas Van Houweling, Dr. Braddlee, Drew " +"Douglas Craver, Douglas Van Camp, Douglas Van Houweling, Dr. Braddlee, Drew " "Spencer, Duncan Sample, Durand D’souza, Dylan Field, E C Humphries, Eamon " "Caddigan, Earleen Smith, Eden Sarid, Eden Spodek, Eduardo Belinchon, Eduardo " "Castro, Edwin Vandam, Einar Joergensen, Ejnar Brendsdal, Elad Wieder, Elar " @@ -12860,35 +12968,35 @@ msgid "" "Chelen, Mike Habicher, Mike Maloney, Mike Masnick, Mike McDaniel, Mike " "Pouraryan, Mike Sheldon, Mike Stop Continues, Mike Stringer, Mike " "Wittenstein, Mikkel Ovesen, Mikołaj Podlaszewski, Millie Gonzalez, Mindi " -"Lovell, Mindy Lin, Mirko “Macro” Fichtner, Mitch Featherston, Mitchell " -"Adams, Molika Oum, Molly Shaffer Van Houweling, Monica Mora, Morgan Loomis, " -"Moritz Schubert, Mrs. Paganini, Mushin Schilling, Mustafa K Calik, MD, Myk " -"Pilgrim, Myra Harmer, Nadine Forget-Dubois, Nagle Industries, LLC, Nah Wee " -"Yang, Natalie Brown, Natalie Freed, Nathan D Howell, Nathan Massey, Nathan " -"Miller, Neal Gorenflo, Neal McBurnett, Neal Stimler, Neil Wilson, Nele " -"Wollert, Neuchee Chang, Niall McDonagh, Niall Twohig, Nic McPhee, Nicholas " -"Bentley, Nicholas Koran, Nicholas Norfolk, Nicholas Potter, Nick Bell, Nick " -"Coghlan, Nick Isaacs, Nick M. Daly, Nick Vance, Nickolay Vedernikov, Nicky " -"Weaver-Weinberg, Nico Prin, Nicolas Weidinger, Nicole Hickman, Niek " -"Theunissen, Nigel Robertson, Nikki Thompson, Nikko Marie, Nikola Chernev, " -"Nils Lavesson, Noah Blumenson-Cook, Noah Fang, Noah Kardos-Fein, Noah " -"Meyerhans, Noel Hanigan, Noel Hart, Norrie Mailer, O.P. Gobée, Ohad Mayblum, " -"Olivia Wilson, Olivier De Doncker, Olivier Schulbaum, Olle Ahnve, Omar " -"Kaminski, Omar Willey, OpenBuilds, Ove Ødegård, Øystein Kjærnet, Pablo López " -"Soriano, Pablo Vasquez, Pacific Design, Paige Mackay, Papp István Péter, " -"Paris Marx, Parker Higgins, Pasquale Borriello, Pat Allan, Pat Hawks, Pat " -"Ludwig, Pat Sticks, Patricia Brennan, Patricia Rosnel, Patricia Wolf, " -"Patrick Berry, Patrick Beseda, Patrick Hurley, Patrick M. Lozeau, Patrick " -"McCabe, Patrick Nafarrete, Patrick Tanguay, Patrick von Hauff, Patrik " -"Kernstock, Patti J Ryan, Paul A Golder, Paul and Iris Brest, Paul Bailey, " -"Paul Bryan, Paul Bunkham, Paul Elosegui, Paul Hibbitts, Paul Jacobson, Paul " -"Keller, Paul Rowe, Paul Timpson, Paul Walker, Pavel Dostál, Peeter Sällström " -"Randsalu, Peggy Frith, Pen-Yuan Hsing, Penny Pearson, Per Åström, Perry " -"Jetter, Péter Fankhauser, Peter Hirtle, Peter Humphries, Peter Jenkins, " -"Peter Langmar, Peter le Roux, Peter Marinari, Peter Mengelers, Peter " -"O’Brien, Peter Pinch, Peter S. Crosby, Peter Wells, Petr Fristedt, Petr " -"Viktorin, Petronella Jeurissen, Phil Flickinger, Philip Chung, Philip " -"Pangrac, Philip R. Skaggs Jr., Philip Young, Philippa Lorne Channer, " +"Lovell, Mindy Lin, Mirko <quote>Macro</quote> Fichtner, Mitch Featherston, " +"Mitchell Adams, Molika Oum, Molly Shaffer Van Houweling, Monica Mora, Morgan " +"Loomis, Moritz Schubert, Mrs. Paganini, Mushin Schilling, Mustafa K Calik, " +"MD, Myk Pilgrim, Myra Harmer, Nadine Forget-Dubois, Nagle Industries, LLC, " +"Nah Wee Yang, Natalie Brown, Natalie Freed, Nathan D Howell, Nathan Massey, " +"Nathan Miller, Neal Gorenflo, Neal McBurnett, Neal Stimler, Neil Wilson, " +"Nele Wollert, Neuchee Chang, Niall McDonagh, Niall Twohig, Nic McPhee, " +"Nicholas Bentley, Nicholas Koran, Nicholas Norfolk, Nicholas Potter, Nick " +"Bell, Nick Coghlan, Nick Isaacs, Nick M. Daly, Nick Vance, Nickolay " +"Vedernikov, Nicky Weaver-Weinberg, Nico Prin, Nicolas Weidinger, Nicole " +"Hickman, Niek Theunissen, Nigel Robertson, Nikki Thompson, Nikko Marie, " +"Nikola Chernev, Nils Lavesson, Noah Blumenson-Cook, Noah Fang, Noah Kardos-" +"Fein, Noah Meyerhans, Noel Hanigan, Noel Hart, Norrie Mailer, O.P. Gobée, " +"Ohad Mayblum, Olivia Wilson, Olivier De Doncker, Olivier Schulbaum, Olle " +"Ahnve, Omar Kaminski, Omar Willey, OpenBuilds, Ove Ødegård, Øystein Kjærnet, " +"Pablo López Soriano, Pablo Vasquez, Pacific Design, Paige Mackay, Papp " +"István Péter, Paris Marx, Parker Higgins, Pasquale Borriello, Pat Allan, Pat " +"Hawks, Pat Ludwig, Pat Sticks, Patricia Brennan, Patricia Rosnel, Patricia " +"Wolf, Patrick Berry, Patrick Beseda, Patrick Hurley, Patrick M. Lozeau, " +"Patrick McCabe, Patrick Nafarrete, Patrick Tanguay, Patrick von Hauff, " +"Patrik Kernstock, Patti J Ryan, Paul A Golder, Paul and Iris Brest, Paul " +"Bailey, Paul Bryan, Paul Bunkham, Paul Elosegui, Paul Hibbitts, Paul " +"Jacobson, Paul Keller, Paul Rowe, Paul Timpson, Paul Walker, Pavel Dostál, " +"Peeter Sällström Randsalu, Peggy Frith, Pen-Yuan Hsing, Penny Pearson, Per " +"Åström, Perry Jetter, Péter Fankhauser, Peter Hirtle, Peter Humphries, Peter " +"Jenkins, Peter Langmar, Peter le Roux, Peter Marinari, Peter Mengelers, " +"Peter O’Brien, Peter Pinch, Peter S. Crosby, Peter Wells, Petr Fristedt, " +"Petr Viktorin, Petronella Jeurissen, Phil Flickinger, Philip Chung, Philip " +"Pangrac, Philip R. Skaggs Jr., Philip Young, Philippa Lorne Channer, " "Philippe Vandenbroeck, Pierluigi Luisi, Pierre Suter, Pieter-Jan Pauwels, " "Playground Inc., Pomax, Popenoe, Pouhiou Noenaute, Prilutskiy Kirill, " "Print3Dreams Ltd., Quentin Coispeau, R. Smith, Race DiLoreto, Rachel Mercer, " @@ -12896,36 +13004,36 @@ msgid "" "Ralph Chapoteau, Randall Kirby, Randy Brians, Raphaël Alexandre, Raphaël " "Schröder, Rasmus Jensen, Rayn Drahps, Rayna Stamboliyska, Rebecca Godar, " "Rebecca Lendl, Rebecca Weir, Regina Tschud, Remi Dino, Ric Herrero, Rich " -"McCue, Richard “TalkToMeGuy” Olson, Richard Best, Richard Blumberg, Richard " -"Fannon, Richard Heying, Richard Karnesky, Richard Kelly, Richard Littauer, " -"Richard Sobey, Richard White, Richard Winchell, Rik ToeWater, Rita Lewis, " -"Rita Wood, Riyadh Al Balushi, Rob Balder, Rob Berkley, Rob Bertholf, Rob " -"Emanuele, Rob McAuliffe, Rob McKaughan, Rob Tillie, Rob Utter, Rob Vincent, " -"Robert Gaffney, Robert Jones, Robert Kelly, Robert Lawlis, Robert McDonald, " -"Robert Orzanna, Robert Paterson Hunter, Robert R. Daniel Jr., Robert Ryan-" -"Silva, Robert Thompson, Robert Wagoner, Roberto Selvaggio, Robin DeRosa, " -"Robin Rist Kildal, Rodrigo Castilhos, Roger Bacon, Roger Saner, Roger So, " -"Roger Solé, Roger Tregear, Roland Tanglao, Rolf and Mari von Walthausen, " -"Rolf Egstad, Rolf Schaller, Ron Zuijlen, Ronald Bissell, Ronald van den " -"Hoff, Ronda Snow, Rory Landon Aronson, Ross Findlay, Ross Pruden, Ross " -"Williams, Rowan Skewes, Roy Ivy III, Ruben Flores, Rupert Hitzenberger, Rusi " -"Popov, Russ Antonucci, Russ Spollin, Russell Brand, Rute Correia, Ruth Ann " -"Carpenter, Ruth White, Ryan Mentock, Ryan Merkley, Ryan Price, Ryan Sasaki, " -"Ryan Singer, Ryan Voisin, Ryan Weir, S Searle, Salem Bin Kenaid, Salomon " -"Riedo, Sam Hokin, Sam Twidale, Samantha Levin, Samantha-Jayne Chapman, " -"Samarth Agarwal, Sami Al-AbdRabbuh, Samuel A. Rebelsky, Samuel Goëta, Samuel " -"Hauser, Samuel Landete, Samuel Oliveira Cersosimo, Samuel Tait, Sandra " -"Fauconnier, Sandra Markus, Sandy Bjar, Sandy ONeil, Sang-Phil Ju, Sanjay " -"Basu, Santiago Garcia, Sara Armstrong, Sara Lucca, Sara Rodriguez Marin, " -"Sarah Brand, Sarah Cove, Sarah Curran, Sarah Gold, Sarah McGovern, Sarah " -"Smith, Sarinee Achavanuntakul, Sasha Moss, Sasha VanHoven, Saul Gasca, Scott " -"Abbott, Scott Akerman, Scott Beattie, Scott Bruinooge, Scott Conroy, Scott " -"Gillespie, Scott Williams, Sean Anderson, Sean Johnson, Sean Lim, Sean " -"Wickett, Seb Schmoller, Sebastiaan Bekker, Sebastiaan ter Burg, Sebastian " -"Makowiecki, Sebastian Meyer, Sebastian Schweizer, Sebastian Sigloch, " -"Sebastien Huchet, Seokwon Yang, Sergey Chernyshev, Sergey Storchay, Sergio " -"Cardoso, Seth Drebitko, Seth Gover, Seth Lepore, Shannon Turner, Sharon " -"Clapp, Shauna Redmond, Shawn Gaston, Shawn Martin, Shay Knohl, Shelby " +"McCue, Richard <quote>TalkToMeGuy</quote> Olson, Richard Best, Richard " +"Blumberg, Richard Fannon, Richard Heying, Richard Karnesky, Richard Kelly, " +"Richard Littauer, Richard Sobey, Richard White, Richard Winchell, Rik " +"ToeWater, Rita Lewis, Rita Wood, Riyadh Al Balushi, Rob Balder, Rob Berkley, " +"Rob Bertholf, Rob Emanuele, Rob McAuliffe, Rob McKaughan, Rob Tillie, Rob " +"Utter, Rob Vincent, Robert Gaffney, Robert Jones, Robert Kelly, Robert " +"Lawlis, Robert McDonald, Robert Orzanna, Robert Paterson Hunter, Robert R. " +"Daniel Jr., Robert Ryan-Silva, Robert Thompson, Robert Wagoner, Roberto " +"Selvaggio, Robin DeRosa, Robin Rist Kildal, Rodrigo Castilhos, Roger Bacon, " +"Roger Saner, Roger So, Roger Solé, Roger Tregear, Roland Tanglao, Rolf and " +"Mari von Walthausen, Rolf Egstad, Rolf Schaller, Ron Zuijlen, Ronald " +"Bissell, Ronald van den Hoff, Ronda Snow, Rory Landon Aronson, Ross Findlay, " +"Ross Pruden, Ross Williams, Rowan Skewes, Roy Ivy III, Ruben Flores, Rupert " +"Hitzenberger, Rusi Popov, Russ Antonucci, Russ Spollin, Russell Brand, Rute " +"Correia, Ruth Ann Carpenter, Ruth White, Ryan Mentock, Ryan Merkley, Ryan " +"Price, Ryan Sasaki, Ryan Singer, Ryan Voisin, Ryan Weir, S Searle, Salem Bin " +"Kenaid, Salomon Riedo, Sam Hokin, Sam Twidale, Samantha Levin, Samantha-" +"Jayne Chapman, Samarth Agarwal, Sami Al-AbdRabbuh, Samuel A. Rebelsky, " +"Samuel Goëta, Samuel Hauser, Samuel Landete, Samuel Oliveira Cersosimo, " +"Samuel Tait, Sandra Fauconnier, Sandra Markus, Sandy Bjar, Sandy ONeil, Sang-" +"Phil Ju, Sanjay Basu, Santiago Garcia, Sara Armstrong, Sara Lucca, Sara " +"Rodriguez Marin, Sarah Brand, Sarah Cove, Sarah Curran, Sarah Gold, Sarah " +"McGovern, Sarah Smith, Sarinee Achavanuntakul, Sasha Moss, Sasha VanHoven, " +"Saul Gasca, Scott Abbott, Scott Akerman, Scott Beattie, Scott Bruinooge, " +"Scott Conroy, Scott Gillespie, Scott Williams, Sean Anderson, Sean Johnson, " +"Sean Lim, Sean Wickett, Seb Schmoller, Sebastiaan Bekker, Sebastiaan ter " +"Burg, Sebastian Makowiecki, Sebastian Meyer, Sebastian Schweizer, Sebastian " +"Sigloch, Sebastien Huchet, Seokwon Yang, Sergey Chernyshev, Sergey Storchay, " +"Sergio Cardoso, Seth Drebitko, Seth Gover, Seth Lepore, Shannon Turner, " +"Sharon Clapp, Shauna Redmond, Shawn Gaston, Shawn Martin, Shay Knohl, Shelby " "Hatfield, Sheldon (Vila) Widuch, Sheona Thomson, Si Jie, Sicco van Sas, " "Siena Oristaglio, Simon Glover, Simon John King, Simon Klose, Simon Law, " "Simon Linder, Simon Moffitt, Solomon Kahn, Solomon Simon, Soujanna Sarkar, " @@ -12935,7 +13043,7 @@ msgid "" "Stephen Rose, Stephen Suen, Stephen Walli, Stevan Matheson, Steve Battle, " "Steve Fisches, Steve Fitzhugh, Steve Guen-gerich, Steve Ingram, Steve Kroy, " "Steve Midgley, Steve Rhine, Steven Kasprzyk, Steven Knudsen, Steven Melvin, " -"Stig-Jørund B. Ö. Arnesen, Stuart Drewer, Stuart Maxwell, Stuart Reich, " +"Stig-Jørund B. Ö. Arnesen, Stuart Drewer, Stuart Maxwell, Stuart Reich, " "Subhendu Ghosh, Sujal Shah, Sune Bøegh, Susan Chun, Susan R Grossman, Suzie " "Wiley, Sven Fielitz, Swan/Starts, Sylvain Carle, Sylvain Chery, Sylvia " "Green, Sylvia van Bruggen, Szabolcs Berecz, T. L. Mason, Tanbir Baeg, Tanya " diff --git a/po/pl/mwcc.po b/po/pl/mwcc.po index c2f7c1d..b61e1ef 100644 --- a/po/pl/mwcc.po +++ b/po/pl/mwcc.po @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: Made with Creative Commons 20170609-2\n" -"POT-Creation-Date: 2018-03-12 07:43+0000\n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2018-09-07 06:21+0000\n" "PO-Revision-Date: 2018-05-14 14:41+0000\n" "Last-Translator: Stanisław Krukowski <pet209a1@riseup.net>\n" "Language-Team: Polish <https://hosted.weblate.org/projects/madewithcc/" @@ -112,14 +112,15 @@ msgid "" "ISBN: YET-TO-BE-DECIDED (PDF), YET-TO-BE-DECIDED (ePub), YET-TO-BE-DECIDED " "(Paperback)" msgstr "" -"ISBN: YET-TO-BE-DECIDED (PDF), YET-TO-BE-DECIDED (ePub), YET-TO-BE-DECIDED (" -"Oprawa papierowa)" +"ISBN: YET-TO-BE-DECIDED (PDF), YET-TO-BE-DECIDED (ePub), YET-TO-BE-DECIDED " +"(Oprawa papierowa)" #. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para> #: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:48 msgid "" "Illustrations by Bryan Mathers, <ulink url=\"https://bryanmmathers.com/\"/>." -msgstr "Ilustracje: Bryan Mathers, <ulink url=\"https://bryanmmathers.com/\"/>." +msgstr "" +"Ilustracje: Bryan Mathers, <ulink url=\"https://bryanmmathers.com/\"/>." #. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para> #: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:50 @@ -158,8 +159,8 @@ msgid "" "error in the book, please let us know via gitlab." msgstr "" "To wydanie książki jest utrzymywane na <ulink url=\"https://gitlab.com/" -"gunnarwolf/madewithcc-es/\"/>, a tłumaczenia są utrzymywane na <ulink url=\"" -"https://hosted.weblate.org/projects/madewithcc/\"/>. Jeśli znajdziesz " +"gunnarwolf/madewithcc-es/\"/>, a tłumaczenia są utrzymywane na <ulink url=" +"\"https://hosted.weblate.org/projects/madewithcc/\"/>. Jeśli znajdziesz " "jakikolwiek błąd\n" "w książce, powiadom nas proszę poprzez gitlab." @@ -195,13 +196,21 @@ msgstr "(ACM CRCS) ?" #. type: Content of: <book><dedication><blockquote><para> #: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:94 -msgid "" -"“I don’t know a whole lot about nonfiction journalism. . . The way that I " -"think about these things, and in terms of what I can do is. . . essays like " -"this are occasions to watch somebody reasonably bright but also reasonably " -"average pay far closer attention and think at far more length about all " -"sorts of different stuff than most of us have a chance to in our daily " -"lives.”" +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "“I don’t know a whole lot about nonfiction journalism. . . The way that I " +#| "think about these things, and in terms of what I can do is. . . essays " +#| "like this are occasions to watch somebody reasonably bright but also " +#| "reasonably average pay far closer attention and think at far more length " +#| "about all sorts of different stuff than most of us have a chance to in " +#| "our daily lives.”" +msgid "" +"<quote>I don’t know a whole lot about nonfiction journalism. . . The way " +"that I think about these things, and in terms of what I can do is. . . " +"essays like this are occasions to watch somebody reasonably bright but also " +"reasonably average pay far closer attention and think at far more length " +"about all sorts of different stuff than most of us have a chance to in our " +"daily lives.</quote>" msgstr "" "\"Niewiele wiem na temat dziennikarstwa z rodzaju literatury faktu... " "Sposobem, za pomocą którego myślę o tych rzeczach, w kategoriach tego co " @@ -211,24 +220,34 @@ msgstr "" "z nas, majacych szansę tak robić w naszym codziennym życiu”." #. type: Content of: <book><dedication><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:102 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:103 msgid "— <emphasis>David Foster Wallace</emphasis>" msgstr "— <emphasis>David Foster Wallace</emphasis>" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:107 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:108 msgid "Foreword" msgstr "Przedmowa" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:109 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:110 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Three years ago, just after I was hired as CEO of Creative Commons, I met " +#| "with Cory Doctorow in the hotel bar of Toronto’s Gladstone Hotel. As one " +#| "of CC’s most well-known proponents—one who has also had a successful " +#| "career as a writer who shares his work using CC—I told him I thought CC " +#| "had a role in defining and advancing open business models. He kindly " +#| "disagreed, and called the pursuit of viable business models through CC “a " +#| "red herring.”" msgid "" "Three years ago, just after I was hired as CEO of Creative Commons, I met " "with Cory Doctorow in the hotel bar of Toronto’s Gladstone Hotel. As one of " "CC’s most well-known proponents—one who has also had a successful career as " "a writer who shares his work using CC—I told him I thought CC had a role in " "defining and advancing open business models. He kindly disagreed, and called " -"the pursuit of viable business models through CC “a red herring.”" +"the pursuit of viable business models through CC <quote>a red herring.</" +"quote>" msgstr "" "Trzy lata temu, jak tylko otrzymałem najwyższe stanowisko zarządzające w " "Creative Commons (ang. Chief Executive Officer — CEO), spotkałem się z Cory " @@ -237,17 +256,24 @@ msgstr "" "pisarz, dzielący się swoją pracą z innymi za pomocą CC — powiedziałem mu, że " "sądzę, iż CC odegrały pewną rolę w definiowaniu i pogłębianiu modeli " "otwartego biznesu. Cory Doctorow uprzejmie nie zgodził się ze mną, nazywając " -"prowadzenie opłacalnych modeli biznesowych, zgodnych z CC, mianem „" -"fałszywego tropu\" (ang. „red herring”)." +"prowadzenie opłacalnych modeli biznesowych, zgodnych z CC, mianem " +"„fałszywego tropu\" (ang. „red herring”)." #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:118 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:119 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "He was, in a way, completely correct—those who make things with Creative " +#| "Commons have ulterior motives, as Paul Stacey explains in this book: " +#| "“Regardless of legal status, they all have a social mission. Their " +#| "primary reason for being is to make the world a better place, not to " +#| "profit. Money is a means to a social end, not the end itself.”" msgid "" "He was, in a way, completely correct—those who make things with Creative " "Commons have ulterior motives, as Paul Stacey explains in this book: " -"“Regardless of legal status, they all have a social mission. Their primary " -"reason for being is to make the world a better place, not to profit. Money " -"is a means to a social end, not the end itself.”" +"<quote>Regardless of legal status, they all have a social mission. Their " +"primary reason for being is to make the world a better place, not to profit. " +"Money is a means to a social end, not the end itself.</quote>" msgstr "" "W pewien sposób, miał całkowitą rację — ci, którzy coś robią zgodnie z " "Creative Commons, mają ukryte motywy, jak to Paul Stacey wyjaśnia w tej " @@ -257,13 +283,20 @@ msgstr "" "osiągania celów społecznych, a nie celem samym w sobie\"." #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:126 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:127 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "In the case study about Cory Doctorow, Sarah Hinchliff Pearson cites " +#| "Cory’s words from his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: “Entering " +#| "the arts because you want to get rich is like buying lottery tickets " +#| "because you want to get rich. It might work, but it almost certainly " +#| "won’t. Though, of course, someone always wins the lottery.”" msgid "" "In the case study about Cory Doctorow, Sarah Hinchliff Pearson cites Cory’s " -"words from his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: “Entering the arts " -"because you want to get rich is like buying lottery tickets because you want " -"to get rich. It might work, but it almost certainly won’t. Though, of " -"course, someone always wins the lottery.”" +"words from his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: <quote>Entering the " +"arts because you want to get rich is like buying lottery tickets because you " +"want to get rich. It might work, but it almost certainly won’t. Though, of " +"course, someone always wins the lottery.</quote>" msgstr "" "Sarah Hinchliff Pearson, w studium przypadku o Cory Doctorow, cytuje słowa z " "jego książki Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: „Wejście w dziedzinę " @@ -272,7 +305,7 @@ msgstr "" "ma szans powodzenia. Chociaż, oczywiście, ktoś zawsze na loterii wygrywa\"." #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:134 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:135 msgid "" "Today, copyright is like a lottery ticket—everyone has one, and almost " "nobody wins. What they don’t tell you is that if you choose to share your " @@ -291,12 +324,20 @@ msgstr "" "wartościami życiowymi." #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:143 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:144 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "So it’s not about the money. Also: it is. Finding the means to continue " +#| "to create and share often requires some amount of income. Max Temkin of " +#| "Cards Against Humanity says it best in their case study: “We don’t make " +#| "jokes and games to make money—we make money so we can make more jokes and " +#| "games.”" msgid "" "So it’s not about the money. Also: it is. Finding the means to continue to " "create and share often requires some amount of income. Max Temkin of Cards " -"Against Humanity says it best in their case study: “We don’t make jokes and " -"games to make money—we make money so we can make more jokes and games.”" +"Against Humanity says it best in their case study: <quote>We don’t make " +"jokes and games to make money—we make money so we can make more jokes and " +"games.</quote>" msgstr "" "A więc, ta książka nie jest o pieniądzach. Ale także: jest. Znajdowanie " "środków, aby tworzyć i dzielić się swoją pracą\n" @@ -306,7 +347,7 @@ msgstr "" "więcej dowcipów i gier”." #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:150 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:151 msgid "" "Creative Commons’ focus is on building a vibrant, usable commons, powered by " "collaboration and gratitude. Enabling communities of collaboration is at the " @@ -326,7 +367,7 @@ msgstr "" "książki Zrobione na licencji Creative Commons." #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:159 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:160 msgid "" "Paul dreams of a future where new models of creativity and innovation " "overpower the inequality and scarcity that today define the worst parts of " @@ -346,7 +387,7 @@ msgstr "" "potrafi swoją pasją zainspirować kolegów i społeczności lokalne." #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:168 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:169 msgid "" "Sarah is the best kind of lawyer—a true advocate who believes in the good of " "people, and the power of collective acts to change the world. Over the past " @@ -371,7 +412,7 @@ msgstr "" "przyjemnie debatować o wielu różnych sprawach." #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:180 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:181 msgid "" "As coauthors, Paul and Sarah complement each other perfectly. They " "researched, analyzed, argued, and worked as a team, sometimes together and " @@ -395,7 +436,7 @@ msgstr "" "pożyteczna." #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:191 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:192 msgid "" "From the beginning, CC wanted to develop this project with the principles " "and values of open collaboration. The book was funded, developed, " @@ -412,7 +453,7 @@ msgstr "" "sam w sobie, przykład otwartego modelu biznesowego." #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:199 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:200 msgid "" "For 31 days in August of 2015, Sarah took point to organize and execute a " "Kickstarter campaign to generate the core funding for the book. The " @@ -430,7 +471,7 @@ msgstr "" "Creative Commons." #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:208 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:209 msgid "" "Paul and Sarah worked openly throughout the project, publishing the plans, " "drafts, case studies, and analysis, early and often, and they engaged " @@ -453,7 +494,7 @@ msgstr "" "with Creative Commons»." #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:218 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:219 msgid "" "Those who work and share in the commons are not typical creators. They are " "part of something greater than themselves, and what they offer us all is a " @@ -462,12 +503,12 @@ msgstr "" "Ci, którzy pracują i dzielą się swoją pracą z innymi, mając świadomość " "własnego wkładu w ogólnoświatowe dziedzictwo kulturowe, nie są zwykłymi " "twórcami. Tworząc w ten sposób — stają się częścią większej całości, o wiele " -"większej niż oni sami. Przekazujac w darze owoce swojej pracy innym ludziom —" -" zyskują ich wdzięczność i stają się częścią wspólnoty powszechnego " +"większej niż oni sami. Przekazujac w darze owoce swojej pracy innym ludziom " +"— zyskują ich wdzięczność i stają się częścią wspólnoty powszechnego " "dziedzictwa." #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:224 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:225 msgid "" "Jonathan Mann, who is profiled in this book, writes a song a day. When I " "reached out to ask him to write a song for our Kickstarter (and to offer " @@ -486,19 +527,32 @@ msgstr "" "wiele sposobów, z odbiorcami na całym świecie." #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:233 -msgid "" -"Sarah writes, “Endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons thrive when " -"community is built around what they do. This may mean a community " +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:234 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Sarah writes, “Endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons thrive when " +#| "community is built around what they do. This may mean a community " +#| "collaborating together to create something new, or it may simply be a " +#| "collection of like-minded people who get to know each other and rally " +#| "around common interests or beliefs. To a certain extent, simply being " +#| "Made with Creative Commons automatically brings with it some element of " +#| "community, by helping connect you to like-minded others who recognize and " +#| "are drawn to the values symbolized by using CC.” Amanda Palmer, the other " +#| "musician profiled in the book, would surely add this from her case study: " +#| "“There is no more satisfying end goal than having someone tell you that " +#| "what you do is genuinely of value to them.”" +msgid "" +"Sarah writes, <quote>Endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons thrive " +"when community is built around what they do. This may mean a community " "collaborating together to create something new, or it may simply be a " "collection of like-minded people who get to know each other and rally around " "common interests or beliefs. To a certain extent, simply being Made with " "Creative Commons automatically brings with it some element of community, by " "helping connect you to like-minded others who recognize and are drawn to the " -"values symbolized by using CC.” Amanda Palmer, the other musician profiled " -"in the book, would surely add this from her case study: “There is no more " -"satisfying end goal than having someone tell you that what you do is " -"genuinely of value to them.”" +"values symbolized by using CC.</quote> Amanda Palmer, the other musician " +"profiled in the book, would surely add this from her case study: " +"<quote>There is no more satisfying end goal than having someone tell you " +"that what you do is genuinely of value to them.</quote>" msgstr "" "Sara pisze: „Prace nad »Made with Creative Commons« nabierają rozmachu, " "ponieważ wokół tego projektu jest budowana wspólnota celu. Może to oznaczać, " @@ -514,7 +568,7 @@ msgstr "" "od kogoś, że „[...] to, co ty robisz, ma dla mnie wartość wyjątkową”." #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:247 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:248 msgid "" "This is not a typical business book. For those looking for a recipe or a " "roadmap, you might be disappointed. But for those looking to pursue a social " @@ -524,29 +578,38 @@ msgid "" "and principles, some essential tools for exploring your own business " "opportunities, and two dozen doses of pure inspiration." msgstr "" -"To nie jest typowa książka biznesowa. Ci, którzy w niej szukają recepty lub „" -"mapy drogowej”, mogą być rozczarowani. Lecz, ci, którzy szukają w niej tego, " -"jak realizować cele społeczne, jak budować coś wielkiego poprzez wsþółpracę, " -"jak dołączyć do wielkiej, stale rosnącej społeczności globalnej, z pewnością " -"odniosą wiele korzyści z lektury książki. Zrobione na licencji Creative " -"Commons oferuje zestaw wartości i zasad, mogących odmienić świat; udostępnia " -"Tobie, czytelniku, narzędzia do eksploracji własnego biznesu, a także — dwa " -"tuziny dawek „czystej inspiracji”." +"To nie jest typowa książka biznesowa. Ci, którzy w niej szukają recepty lub " +"„mapy drogowej”, mogą być rozczarowani. Lecz, ci, którzy szukają w niej " +"tego, jak realizować cele społeczne, jak budować coś wielkiego poprzez " +"wsþółpracę, jak dołączyć do wielkiej, stale rosnącej społeczności globalnej, " +"z pewnością odniosą wiele korzyści z lektury książki. Zrobione na licencji " +"Creative Commons oferuje zestaw wartości i zasad, mogących odmienić świat; " +"udostępnia Tobie, czytelniku, narzędzia do eksploracji własnego biznesu, a " +"także — dwa tuziny dawek „czystej inspiracji”." #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:257 -msgid "" -"In a 1996 Stanford Law Review article “The Zones of Cyberspace”, CC founder " -"Lawrence Lessig wrote, “Cyberspace is a place. People live there. They " -"experience all the sorts of things that they experience in real space, " -"there. For some, they experience more. They experience this not as isolated " -"individuals, playing some high tech computer game; they experience it in " -"groups, in communities, among strangers, among people they come to know, and " -"sometimes like.”" -msgstr "" -"Założyciel CC, Lawrence Lessig, w artykule „The Zones of Cyberspace” (" -"Stanford Law Review, 1996) napisał: „[...] Cyberprzestrzeń jest miejscem. " -"Tam żyją ludzie. Doświadczają oni różnego rodzaju rzeczy, których " +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:258 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "In a 1996 Stanford Law Review article “The Zones of Cyberspace”, CC " +#| "founder Lawrence Lessig wrote, “Cyberspace is a place. People live there. " +#| "They experience all the sorts of things that they experience in real " +#| "space, there. For some, they experience more. They experience this not as " +#| "isolated individuals, playing some high tech computer game; they " +#| "experience it in groups, in communities, among strangers, among people " +#| "they come to know, and sometimes like.”" +msgid "" +"In a 1996 Stanford Law Review article <quote>The Zones of Cyberspace</" +"quote>, CC founder Lawrence Lessig wrote, <quote>Cyberspace is a place. " +"People live there. They experience all the sorts of things that they " +"experience in real space, there. For some, they experience more. They " +"experience this not as isolated individuals, playing some high tech computer " +"game; they experience it in groups, in communities, among strangers, among " +"people they come to know, and sometimes like.</quote>" +msgstr "" +"Założyciel CC, Lawrence Lessig, w artykule „The Zones of " +"Cyberspace” (Stanford Law Review, 1996) napisał: „[...] Cyberprzestrzeń jest " +"miejscem. Tam żyją ludzie. Doświadczają oni różnego rodzaju rzeczy, których " "doświadczają też\n" "w realnym świecie. Niektórzy doświadczają więcej. Odczuwają to nie tylko " "jako pojedyncze osoby, grające\n" @@ -555,13 +618,20 @@ msgstr "" "czasami lubią”." #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:266 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:268 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "I’m incredibly proud that Creative Commons is able to publish this book " +#| "for the many communities that we have come to know and like. I’m " +#| "grateful to Paul and Sarah for their creativity and insights, and to the " +#| "global communities that have helped us bring it to you. As CC board " +#| "member Johnathan Nightingale often says, “It’s all made of people.”" msgid "" "I’m incredibly proud that Creative Commons is able to publish this book for " "the many communities that we have come to know and like. I’m grateful to " "Paul and Sarah for their creativity and insights, and to the global " "communities that have helped us bring it to you. As CC board member " -"Johnathan Nightingale often says, “It’s all made of people.”" +"Johnathan Nightingale often says, <quote>It’s all made of people.</quote>" msgstr "" "Jestem niezmiernie dumny, że Creative Commons jest w stanie opublikować tę " "książkę dla wielu społeczności, które chcemy poznać, i które chcemy polubić. " @@ -571,36 +641,36 @@ msgstr "" "„To wszystko zostało zrobione przez ludzi (ang. It's all made of people)\"." #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:274 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:276 msgid "That’s the true value of things that are Made with Creative Commons." msgstr "" "To jest właśnie prawdziwa wartość rzeczy, które są Zrobione na licencji " "Creative Commons." #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:277 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:279 msgid "<emphasis>Ryan Merkley</emphasis>" msgstr "<emphasis>Ryan Merkley</emphasis>" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:280 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:282 msgid "<emphasis>CEO, Creative Commons</emphasis>" msgstr "<emphasis>CEO, Creative Commons</emphasis>" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:284 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:286 msgid "Introduction" msgstr "Wprowadzenie" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:286 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:288 msgid "" "This book shows the world how sharing can be good for business—but with a " "twist." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:290 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:292 msgid "" "We began the project intending to explore how creators, organizations, and " "businesses make money to sustain what they do when they share their work " @@ -608,13 +678,13 @@ msgid "" "business models that use Creative Commons but instead gather fresh ideas and " "dynamic examples that spark new, innovative models and help others follow " "suit by building on what already works. At the onset, we framed our " -"investigation in familiar business terms. We created a blank “open business " -"model canvas,” an interactive online tool that would help people design and " -"analyze their business model." +"investigation in familiar business terms. We created a blank <quote>open " +"business model canvas,</quote> an interactive online tool that would help " +"people design and analyze their business model." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:302 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:304 msgid "" "Through the generous funding of Kickstarter backers, we set about this " "project first by identifying and selecting a diverse group of creators, " @@ -624,14 +694,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:310 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:312 msgid "" "But as we did our research, something interesting happened. Our initial way " "of framing the work did not match the stories we were hearing." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:315 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:317 msgid "" "Those we interviewed were not typical businesses selling to consumers and " "seeking to maximize profits and the bottom line. Instead, they were sharing " @@ -641,17 +711,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:323 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:325 msgid "" "They often didn’t like hearing what they do described as an open business " "model. Their endeavor was something more than that. Something different. " "Something that generates not just economic value but social and cultural " "value. Something that involves human connection. Being Made with Creative " -"Commons is not “business as usual.”" +"Commons is not <quote>business as usual.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:331 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:333 msgid "" "We had to rethink the way we conceived of this project. And it didn’t happen " "overnight. From the fall of 2015 through 2016, we documented our thoughts in " @@ -662,7 +732,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:340 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:342 msgid "" "Throughout the process, the two of us have often had very different ways of " "understanding and describing what we were learning. Learning from each other " @@ -674,14 +744,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:350 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:352 msgid "" "While we recommend that you read the book from start to finish, each section " "reads more or less independently. The book is structured into two main parts." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:355 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:357 msgid "" "Part one, the overview, begins with a big-picture framework written by Paul. " "He provides some historical context for the digital commons, describing the " @@ -692,7 +762,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:363 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:365 msgid "" "The overview continues with Sarah’s chapter, as she considers what it means " "to be successfully Made with Creative Commons. While making money is one " @@ -704,7 +774,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:373 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:375 msgid "" "And to end part one, we have a short section that explains the different " "Creative Commons licenses. We talk about the misconception that the more " @@ -713,7 +783,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:380 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:382 msgid "" "Part two of the book is made up of the twenty-four stories of the creators, " "businesses, and organizations we interviewed. While both of us participated " @@ -721,7 +791,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:386 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:388 msgid "" "Of course, we are pleased to make the book available using a Creative " "Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license. Please copy, distribute, translate, " @@ -729,7 +799,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:391 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:393 msgid "" "Writing this book has transformed and inspired us. The way we now look at " "and think about what it means to be Made with Creative Commons has " @@ -739,45 +809,45 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:398 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:400 msgid "<emphasis>Paul and Sarah </emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:402 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:404 msgid "The Big Picture" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:404 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:406 msgid "The New World of Digital Commons" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:406 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:408 msgid "Paul Stacey" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:416 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:418 msgid "" "Jonathan Rowe, Our Common Wealth (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013), 14." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:409 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:411 msgid "" -"Jonathan Rowe eloquently describes the commons as “the air and oceans, the " -"web of species, wilderness and flowing water—all are parts of the commons. " -"So are language and knowledge, sidewalks and public squares, the stories of " -"childhood and the processes of democracy. Some parts of the commons are " -"gifts of nature, others the product of human endeavor. Some are new, such as " -"the Internet; others are as ancient as soil and calligraphy.”<placeholder " -"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"Jonathan Rowe eloquently describes the commons as <quote>the air and oceans, " +"the web of species, wilderness and flowing water—all are parts of the " +"commons. So are language and knowledge, sidewalks and public squares, the " +"stories of childhood and the processes of democracy. Some parts of the " +"commons are gifts of nature, others the product of human endeavor. Some are " +"new, such as the Internet; others are as ancient as soil and calligraphy.</" +"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:421 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:423 msgid "" "In Made with Creative Commons, we focus on our current era of digital " "commons, a commons of human-produced works. This commons cuts across a broad " @@ -790,19 +860,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:436 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:438 msgid "" "David Bollier, Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of " "the Commons (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014), 176." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:444 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:446 msgid "Ibid., 15." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:432 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:434 msgid "" "The commons is not just about shared resources, however. It’s also about the " "social practices and values that manage them. A resource is a noun, but to " @@ -817,17 +887,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:451 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:453 msgid "The Commons, the Market, and the State" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:457 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:459 msgid "Ibid., 145." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:453 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:455 msgid "" "Historically, there have been three ways to manage resources and share " "wealth: the commons (managed collectively), the state (i.e., the " @@ -836,12 +906,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:466 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:468 msgid "Ibid., 175." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:461 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:463 msgid "" "The organizations and businesses in our case studies are unique in the way " "they participate in the commons while still engaging with the market and/or " @@ -854,14 +924,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:473 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:475 msgid "" "Fig. 1. is a depiction of how an enterprise can have varying levels of " "engagement with commons, state, and market." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:477 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:479 msgid "" "Some of our case studies are simply commons and market enterprises with " "little or no engagement with the state. A depiction of those case studies " @@ -874,7 +944,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:488 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:490 msgid "" "All our case studies generate money as a means of livelihood and " "sustainability. Money is primarily of the market. Finding ways to generate " @@ -885,7 +955,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:497 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:499 msgid "" "The state has an important role to play in fostering the use and adoption of " "the commons. State programs and funding can deliberately contribute to and " @@ -894,28 +964,28 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><textobject><phrase> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:504 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:511 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:506 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:513 msgid "Enterprise engagement with commons, state and market." msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:508 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:510 msgid "Pictures/10000201000008000000045C30360249076453E6.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:506 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:555 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:673 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:802 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:844 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:929 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:508 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:557 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:675 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:804 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:846 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:934 msgid "<placeholder type=\"mediaobject\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:517 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:519 msgid "" "It’s helpful to understand how the commons, market, and state manage " "resources differently, and not just for those who consider themselves " @@ -927,21 +997,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:528 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:530 msgid "The Four Aspects of a Resource" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:533 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:535 msgid "" -"Daniel H. Cole, “Learning from Lin: Lessons and Cautions from the Natural " -"Commons for the Knowledge Commons,” in Governing Knowledge Commons, eds. " -"Brett M. Frischmann, Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg (New " -"York: Oxford University Press, 2014), 53." +"Daniel H. Cole, <quote>Learning from Lin: Lessons and Cautions from the " +"Natural Commons for the Knowledge Commons,</quote> in Governing Knowledge " +"Commons, eds. Brett M. Frischmann, Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. " +"Strandburg (New York: Oxford University Press, 2014), 53." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:530 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:532 msgid "" "As part of her Nobel Prize–winning work, Elinor Ostrom developed a framework " "for analyzing how natural resources are managed in a commons.<placeholder " @@ -953,7 +1023,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:546 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:548 msgid "" "To compare and contrast the ways in which the commons, market, and state " "work, let’s consider four aspects of resource management: resource " @@ -963,23 +1033,23 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><textobject><phrase> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:554 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:560 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:556 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:562 msgid "Four aspects of resource management" msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:557 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:559 msgid "Pictures/10000201000007D0000007D0ACF13F8B71EAF0B9.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:566 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:568 msgid "Characteristics" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:568 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:570 msgid "" "Resources have particular characteristics or attributes that affect the way " "they can be used. Some resources are natural; others are human produced. And—" @@ -988,7 +1058,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:575 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:577 msgid "" "Physical resources exist in limited supply. If I have a physical resource " "and give it to you, I no longer have it. When a resource is removed and " @@ -1000,7 +1070,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:586 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:588 msgid "" "Physical resources are depletable, exclusive, and rivalrous. Digital " "resources, on the other hand, are nondepletable, nonexclusive, and " @@ -1012,7 +1082,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:596 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:598 msgid "" "The nondepletable, nonexclusive, and nonrivalrous nature of digital " "resources means the rules and norms for managing them can (and ought to) be " @@ -1022,7 +1092,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:604 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:606 msgid "" "Our case studies frequently manage hybrid resources, which start out as " "digital with the possibility of being made into a physical resource. The " @@ -1034,7 +1104,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:615 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:617 msgid "" "Beyond this idea of physical versus digital, the commons, market, and state " "conceive of resources differently (see Fig. 3). The market sees resources " @@ -1046,12 +1116,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:626 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:628 msgid "People and processes" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:628 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:630 msgid "" "In the commons, the market, and the state, different people and processes " "are used to manage resources. The processes used define both who has a say " @@ -1059,7 +1129,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:633 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:635 msgid "" "In the state, a government of elected officials is responsible for managing " "resources on behalf of the public. The citizens who produce and use those " @@ -1070,7 +1140,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:642 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:644 msgid "" "In the market, the people involved are producers, buyers, sellers, and " "consumers. Businesses act as intermediaries between those who produce " @@ -1081,14 +1151,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:653 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:655 msgid "" "Max Haiven, Crises of Imagination, Crises of Power: Capitalism, Creativity " "and the Commons (New York: Zed Books, 2014), 93." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:651 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:653 msgid "" "In contrast to the state and market, resources in a commons are managed more " "directly by the people involved.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> " @@ -1105,23 +1175,23 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><mediaobject><textobject><phrase> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:671 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:678 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:673 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:680 msgid "How the market, commons and state concieve of resources." msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:675 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:677 msgid "Pictures/10000201000009C40000065D9EC4F530BD4DFBE0.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:685 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:687 msgid "Norms and rules" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:687 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:689 msgid "" "The social interactions between people, and the processes used by the state, " "market, and commons, evolve social norms and rules. These norms and rules " @@ -1129,7 +1199,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:693 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:695 msgid "" "State authority is governed by national constitutions. Norms related to " "priorities and decision making are defined by elected officials and " @@ -1139,7 +1209,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:701 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:703 msgid "" "Market norms are influenced by economics and competition for scarce " "resources. Market rules follow property, business, and financial laws " @@ -1147,12 +1217,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:713 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:715 msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 175." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:706 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:708 msgid "" "As with the market, a commons can be influenced by state policies, " "regulations, and laws. But the norms and rules of a commons are largely " @@ -1163,12 +1233,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:718 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:720 msgid "Goals" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:720 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:722 msgid "" "The combination of the aspects we’ve discussed so far—the resource’s " "inherent characteristics, people and processes, and norms and rules—shape " @@ -1177,16 +1247,16 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:732 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:734 msgid "" -"Joshua Farley and Ida Kubiszewski, “The Economics of Information in a Post-" -"Carbon Economy,” in Free Knowledge: Confronting the Commodification of Human " -"Discovery, eds. Patricia W. Elliott and Daryl H. Hepting (Regina, SK: " -"University of Regina Press, 2015), 201–4." +"Joshua Farley and Ida Kubiszewski, <quote>The Economics of Information in a " +"Post-Carbon Economy,</quote> in Free Knowledge: Confronting the " +"Commodification of Human Discovery, eds. Patricia W. Elliott and Daryl H. " +"Hepting (Regina, SK: University of Regina Press, 2015), 201–4." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:727 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:729 msgid "" "In the market, the focus is on maximizing the utility of a resource. What we " "pay for the goods we consume is seen as an objective measure of the utility " @@ -1197,7 +1267,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:742 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:744 msgid "" "The state aims to use and manage resources in a way that balances the " "economy with the social and cultural needs of its citizens. Health care, " @@ -1208,7 +1278,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:751 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:753 msgid "" "In the commons, the goal is maximizing access, equity, distribution, " "participation, innovation, and sustainability. You can measure success by " @@ -1219,7 +1289,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:760 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:762 msgid "" "As hybrid combinations of the commons with the market or state, the success " "and sustainability of all our case study enterprises depends on their " @@ -1228,12 +1298,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:768 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:770 msgid "A Short History of the Commons" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:770 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:772 msgid "" "Using the commons to manage resources is part of a long historical " "continuum. However, in contemporary society, the market and the state " @@ -1244,7 +1314,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:779 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:781 msgid "" "But the more than 1.1 billion resources licensed with Creative Commons " "around the world are indications of a grassroots move toward the commons. " @@ -1254,7 +1324,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:790 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:792 msgid "" "Rowe, Our Common Wealth, 19; and Heather Menzies, Reclaiming the Commons for " "the Common Good: A Memoir and Manifesto (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, " @@ -1262,7 +1332,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:786 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:788 msgid "" "For centuries, indigenous people and preindustrialized societies managed " "resources, including water, food, firewood, irrigation, fish, wild game, and " @@ -1275,23 +1345,23 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><textobject><phrase> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:801 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:807 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:803 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:809 msgid "In preindustrialized society." msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:804 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:806 msgid "Pictures/10000201000009C4000005153EACBD62F00F6BA9.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:816 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:818 msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 55–78." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:820 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:822 msgid "" "Fritjof Capra and Ugo Mattei, The Ecology of Law: Toward a Legal System in " "Tune with Nature and Community (Oakland, CA: Berrett-Koehler, 2015), 46–57; " @@ -1299,19 +1369,20 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:813 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:815 msgid "" "This is followed by a long history of the state (a monarchy or ruler) taking " "over the commons for their own purposes. This is called enclosure of the " -"commons.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> In olden days, “commoners” " -"were evicted from the land, fences and hedges erected, laws passed, and " -"security set up to forbid access.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> " -"Gradually, resources became the property of the state and the state became " -"the primary means by which resources were managed. (See Fig. 5)." +"commons.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> In olden days, " +"<quote>commoners</quote> were evicted from the land, fences and hedges " +"erected, laws passed, and security set up to forbid access.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> Gradually, resources became the property of the " +"state and the state became the primary means by which resources were " +"managed. (See Fig. 5)." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:829 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:831 msgid "" "Holdings of land, water, and game were distributed to ruling family and " "political appointees. Commoners displaced from the land migrated to cities. " @@ -1326,54 +1397,54 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><textobject><phrase> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:843 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:849 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:845 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:851 msgid "The commons is gradually superseded by the state." msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:846 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:848 msgid "Pictures/10000201000009C4000005150F069409C1CC12F0.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:855 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:857 msgid "" "However, the world today is going through turbulent times. The benefits of " "the market have been offset by unequal distribution and overexploitation." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:860 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:862 msgid "" -"Overexploitation was the topic of Garrett Hardin’s influential essay “The " -"Tragedy of the Commons,” published in Science in 1968. Hardin argues that " -"everyone in a commons seeks to maximize personal gain and will continue to " -"do so even when the limits of the commons are reached. The commons is then " -"tragically depleted to the point where it can no longer support anyone. " -"Hardin’s essay became widely accepted as an economic truism and a " -"justification for private property and free markets." +"Overexploitation was the topic of Garrett Hardin’s influential essay " +"<quote>The Tragedy of the Commons,</quote> published in Science in 1968. " +"Hardin argues that everyone in a commons seeks to maximize personal gain and " +"will continue to do so even when the limits of the commons are reached. The " +"commons is then tragically depleted to the point where it can no longer " +"support anyone. Hardin’s essay became widely accepted as an economic truism " +"and a justification for private property and free markets." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:887 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:890 msgid "" "Brett M. Frischmann, Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg, " -"“Governing Knowledge Commons,” in Frischmann, Madison, and Strandburg " -"Governing Knowledge Commons, 12." +"<quote>Governing Knowledge Commons,</quote> in Frischmann, Madison, and " +"Strandburg Governing Knowledge Commons, 12." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:870 -msgid "" -"However, there is one serious flaw with Hardin’s “The Tragedy of the " -"Commons”—it’s fiction. Hardin did not actually study how real commons work. " -"Elinor Ostrom won the 2009 Nobel Prize in economics for her work studying " -"different commons all around the world. Ostrom’s work shows that natural " -"resource commons can be successfully managed by local communities without " -"any regulation by central authorities or without privatization. Government " -"and privatization are not the only two choices. There is a third way: " -"management by the people, where those that are directly impacted are " +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:873 +msgid "" +"However, there is one serious flaw with Hardin’s <quote>The Tragedy of the " +"Commons</quote>—it’s fiction. Hardin did not actually study how real commons " +"work. Elinor Ostrom won the 2009 Nobel Prize in economics for her work " +"studying different commons all around the world. Ostrom’s work shows that " +"natural resource commons can be successfully managed by local communities " +"without any regulation by central authorities or without privatization. " +"Government and privatization are not the only two choices. There is a third " +"way: management by the people, where those that are directly impacted are " "directly involved. With natural resources, there is a regional locality. The " "people in the region are the most familiar with the natural resource, have " "the most direct relationship and history with it, and are therefore best " @@ -1384,7 +1455,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:893 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:897 msgid "" "Hardin failed to consider the actual social dynamic of the commons. His " "model assumed that people in the commons act autonomously, out of pure self-" @@ -1397,14 +1468,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:909 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:913 msgid "" -"Farley and Kubiszewski, “Economics of Information,” in Elliott and Hepting, " -"Free Knowledge, 203." +"Farley and Kubiszewski, <quote>Economics of Information,</quote> in Elliott " +"and Hepting, Free Knowledge, 203." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:905 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:909 msgid "" "Hardin’s story is based on the premise of depletable resources. Economists " "have focused almost exclusively on scarcity-based markets. Very little is " @@ -1418,7 +1489,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:920 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:925 msgid "" "When it comes to use of state funds to create digital goods, however, there " "is really no justification for artificial scarcity. The norm for state " @@ -1427,23 +1498,23 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><textobject><phrase> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:927 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:934 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:932 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:939 msgid "How the market, the state and the commons look today." msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:931 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:936 msgid "Pictures/10000201000009C400000515F1CAA15B223F6BAF.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:941 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:946 msgid "The Digital Revolution" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:943 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:948 msgid "" "In the early days of computing, programmers and developers learned from each " "other by sharing software. In the 1980s, the free-software movement codified " @@ -1451,12 +1522,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:951 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:956 msgid "The freedom to run a software program as you wish, for any purpose." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:957 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:962 msgid "" "The freedom to study how a software program works (because access to the " "source code has been freely given), and change it so it does your computing " @@ -1464,40 +1535,41 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:964 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:969 msgid "The freedom to redistribute copies." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:971 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:975 msgid "" -"“What Is Free Software?” GNU Operating System, the Free Software " -"Foundation’s Licensing and Compliance Lab, accessed December 30, 2016, " -"<ulink url=\"http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw\"/>." +"<quote>What Is Free Software?</quote> GNU Operating System, the Free " +"Software Foundation’s Licensing and Compliance Lab, accessed December 30, " +"2016, <ulink url=\"http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:969 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:974 msgid "" "The freedom to distribute copies of your modified versions to others." "<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:980 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:984 msgid "" "These principles and freedoms constitute a set of norms and rules that " "typify a digital commons." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:995 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:999 msgid "" -"Wikipedia, s.v. “Open-source software,” last modified November 22, 2016." +"Wikipedia, s.v. <quote>Open-source software,</quote> last modified November " +"22, 2016." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:984 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:988 msgid "" "In the late 1990s, to make the sharing of source code and collaboration more " "appealing to companies, the open-source-software initiative converted these " @@ -1514,29 +1586,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1010 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1014 msgid "" -"Eric S. Raymond, “The Magic Cauldron,” in The Cathedral and the Bazaar: " -"Musings on Linux and Open Source by an Accidental Revolutionary, rev. ed. " -"(Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, 2001), <ulink url=\"http://www.catb.org/esr/" -"writings/cathedral-bazaar/\"/>." +"Eric S. Raymond, <quote>The Magic Cauldron,</quote> in The Cathedral and the " +"Bazaar: Musings on Linux and Open Source by an Accidental Revolutionary, " +"rev. ed. (Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, 2001), <ulink url=\"http://www." +"catb.org/esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1002 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1006 msgid "" "While open-source software functions as a commons, many businesses and " "markets did build up around it. Business models based on the licenses and " "standards of open-source software evolved alongside organizations that " "managed software code on principles of abundance rather than scarcity. Eric " -"Raymond’s essay “The Magic Cauldron” does a great job of analyzing the " -"economics and business models associated with open-source software." -"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> These models can provide examples " -"of sustainable approaches for those Made with Creative Commons." +"Raymond’s essay <quote>The Magic Cauldron</quote> does a great job of " +"analyzing the economics and business models associated with open-source " +"software.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> These models can provide " +"examples of sustainable approaches for those Made with Creative Commons." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1019 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1023 msgid "" "It isn’t just about an abundant availability of digital assets but also " "about abundance of participation. The growth of personal computing, " @@ -1551,7 +1623,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1038 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1042 msgid "" "New York Times Customer Insight Group, The Psychology of Sharing: Why Do " "People Share Online? (New York: New York Times Customer Insight Group, " @@ -1559,7 +1631,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1032 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1036 msgid "" "But people like to share. One of the ways we define ourselves is by sharing " "valuable and entertaining content. Doing so grows and nourishes " @@ -1569,12 +1641,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1046 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1050 msgid "The Birth of Creative Commons" msgstr "Narodziny Creative Commons" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1048 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1052 msgid "" "In 2001, Creative Commons was created as a nonprofit to support all those " "who wanted to share digital content. A suite of Creative Commons licenses " @@ -1585,15 +1657,15 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1069 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1072 msgid "" -"“Licensing Considerations,” Creative Commons, accessed December 30, 2016, " -"<ulink url=\"http://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/licensing-" +"<quote>Licensing Considerations,</quote> Creative Commons, accessed December " +"30, 2016, <ulink url=\"http://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/licensing-" "considerations/\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1057 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1061 msgid "" "Creative Commons licenses have a three-layer design. The norms and rules of " "each license are first expressed in full legal language as used by lawyers. " @@ -1610,7 +1682,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1077 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1080 msgid "" "In 2015, there were over one billion Creative Commons licensed works in a " "global commons. These works were viewed online 136 billion times. People are " @@ -1620,14 +1692,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1090 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1093 msgid "" "Creative Commons, 2015 State of the Commons (Mountain View, CA: Creative " "Commons, 2015), <ulink url=\"http://stateof.creativecommons.org/2015/\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1085 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1088 msgid "" "Individual artists, photographers, musicians, and filmmakers use Creative " "Commons, but so do museums, governments, creative industries, manufacturers, " @@ -1639,7 +1711,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1098 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1101 msgid "" "Some see Creative Commons as a way to share a gift with others, a way of " "getting known, or a way to provide social benefit. Others are simply " @@ -1653,7 +1725,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1110 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1113 msgid "" "Over time, Creative Commons has spawned a range of open movements, including " "open educational resources, open access, open science, and open data. The " @@ -1663,15 +1735,15 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1123 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1126 msgid "" -"Wikipedia, s.v. “Open Government Partnership,” last modified September 24, " -"2016, <ulink url=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Government_Partnership" -"\"/>." +"Wikipedia, s.v. <quote>Open Government Partnership,</quote> last modified " +"September 24, 2016, <ulink url=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/" +"Open_Government_Partnership\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1118 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1121 msgid "" "The state is increasingly involved in supporting open movements. The Open " "Government Partnership was launched in 2011 to provide an international " @@ -1685,22 +1757,22 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1134 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1137 msgid "The Changing Market" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1142 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1145 msgid "Capra and Mattei, Ecology of Law, 114." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1150 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1153 msgid "Ibid., 116." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1136 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1139 msgid "" "Today’s market is largely driven by global capitalism. Law and financial " "systems are structured to support extraction, privatization, and corporate " @@ -1716,15 +1788,15 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1160 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1163 msgid "" -"The Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency, “Stockholm " -"Statement” accessed February 15, 2017, <ulink url=\"http://sida.se/" +"The Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency, <quote>Stockholm " +"Statement</quote> accessed February 15, 2017, <ulink url=\"http://sida.se/" "globalassets/sida/eng/press/stockholm-statement.pdf\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1154 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1157 msgid "" "In light of these challenges there is a growing recognition that GDP growth " "should not be an end in itself, that development needs to be socially and " @@ -1734,7 +1806,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1171 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1175 msgid "" "City of Bologna, Regulation on Collaboration between Citizens and the City " "for the Care and Regeneration of Urban Commons, trans. LabGov (LABoratory " @@ -1745,7 +1817,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1181 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1185 msgid "" "The Seoul Sharing City website is <ulink url=\"http://english.sharehub.kr\"/" ">; for Amsterdam Sharing City, go to <ulink url=\"http://www.sharenl.nl/" @@ -1753,27 +1825,27 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1166 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1170 msgid "" "These realizations have led to a resurgence of interest in the commons as a " "means of enabling that balance. City governments like Bologna, Italy, are " "collaborating with their citizens to put in place regulations for the care " "and regeneration of urban commons.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> " -"Seoul and Amsterdam call themselves “sharing cities,” looking to make " -"sustainable and more efficient use of scarce resources. They see sharing as " -"a way to improve the use of public spaces, mobility, social cohesion, and " -"safety.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" +"Seoul and Amsterdam call themselves <quote>sharing cities,</quote> looking " +"to make sustainable and more efficient use of scarce resources. They see " +"sharing as a way to improve the use of public spaces, mobility, social " +"cohesion, and safety.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1198 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1202 msgid "" "Tom Slee, What’s Yours Is Mine: Against the Sharing Economy (New York: OR " "Books, 2015), 42." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1188 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1192 msgid "" "The market itself has taken an interest in the sharing economy, with " "businesses like Airbnb providing a peer-to-peer marketplace for short-term " @@ -1793,7 +1865,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1220 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1224 msgid "" "Chris Anderson, Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by Giving " "Something for Nothing, Reprint with new preface. (New York: Hyperion, " @@ -1801,7 +1873,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1210 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1214 msgid "" "One way Made with Creative Commons case studies differ from those of the " "sharing economy is their focus on digital resources. Digital resources " @@ -1815,7 +1887,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1226 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1230 msgid "" "Those that are Made with Creative Commons are looking to leverage the unique " "inherent characteristics of digital resources, including lowering costs. The " @@ -1830,7 +1902,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1245 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1249 msgid "" "Jeremy Rifkin, The Zero Marginal Cost Society: The Internet of Things, the " "Collaborative Commons, and the Eclipse of Capitalism (New York: Palgrave " @@ -1838,7 +1910,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1240 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1244 msgid "" "The incremental cost of storing, copying, and distributing digital goods is " "next to zero, making abundance possible. But imagining a market based on " @@ -1850,7 +1922,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1253 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1257 msgid "" "Some are looking to minimize their interactions with the market and operate " "as autonomously as possible. Others are operating largely as a business " @@ -1859,7 +1931,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1267 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1271 msgid "" "Gar Alperovitz, What Then Must We Do? Straight Talk about the Next American " "Revolution: Democratizing Wealth and Building a Community-Sustaining Economy " @@ -1867,14 +1939,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1276 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1280 msgid "" "Marjorie Kelly, Owning Our Future: The Emerging Ownership Revolution; " "Journeys to a Generative Economy (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2012), 8–9." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1260 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1264 msgid "" "For an ordinary corporation, making social benefit a part of its operations " "is difficult, as it’s legally required to make decisions that financially " @@ -1889,7 +1961,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1289 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1292 msgid "" "Alex Osterwalder and Yves Pigneur, Business Model Generation (Hoboken, NJ: " "John Wiley and Sons, 2010). A preview of the book is available at <ulink url=" @@ -1897,50 +1969,51 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1282 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1285 msgid "" -"“A book on open business models” is how we described it in this book’s " -"Kickstarter campaign. We used a handbook called Business Model Generation as " -"our reference for defining just what a business model is. Developed over " -"nine years using an “open process” involving 470 coauthors from forty-five " -"countries, it is useful as a framework for talking about business models." -"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"<quote>A book on open business models</quote> is how we described it in this " +"book’s Kickstarter campaign. We used a handbook called Business Model " +"Generation as our reference for defining just what a business model is. " +"Developed over nine years using an <quote>open process</quote> involving 470 " +"coauthors from forty-five countries, it is useful as a framework for talking " +"about business models.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1298 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1302 msgid "" "This business model canvas is available to download at <ulink url=\"http://" "strategyzer.com/canvas/business-model-canvas\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1306 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1310 msgid "" -"We’ve made the “Open Business Model Canvas,” designed by the coauthor Paul " -"Stacey, available online at <ulink url=\"http://docs.google.com/drawings/" -"d/1QOIDa2qak7wZSSOa4Wv6qVMO77IwkKHN7CYyq0wHivs/edit\"/>. You can also find " -"the accompanying Open Business Model Canvas Questions at <ulink url=\"http://" -"docs.google.com/drawings/d/1kACK7TkoJgsM18HUWCbX9xuQ0Byna4plSVZXZGTtays/edit" -"\"/>." +"We’ve made the <quote>Open Business Model Canvas,</quote> designed by the " +"coauthor Paul Stacey, available online at <ulink url=\"http://docs.google." +"com/drawings/d/1QOIDa2qak7wZSSOa4Wv6qVMO77IwkKHN7CYyq0wHivs/edit\"/>. You " +"can also find the accompanying Open Business Model Canvas Questions at " +"<ulink url=\"http://docs.google.com/drawings/" +"d/1kACK7TkoJgsM18HUWCbX9xuQ0Byna4plSVZXZGTtays/edit\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1296 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1299 msgid "" -"It contains a “business model canvas,” which conceives of a business model " -"as having nine building blocks.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> " -"This blank canvas can serve as a tool for anyone to design their own " -"business model. We remixed this business model canvas into an open business " -"model canvas, adding three more building blocks relevant to hybrid market, " -"commons enterprises: social good, Creative Commons license, and “type of " -"open environment that the business fits in.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " -"id=\"1\"/> This enhanced canvas proved useful when we analyzed businesses " -"and helped start-ups plan their economic model." +"It contains a <quote>business model canvas,</quote> which conceives of a " +"business model as having nine building blocks.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " +"id=\"0\"/> This blank canvas can serve as a tool for anyone to design their " +"own business model. We remixed this business model canvas into an open " +"business model canvas, adding three more building blocks relevant to hybrid " +"market, commons enterprises: social good, Creative Commons license, and " +"<quote>type of open environment that the business fits in.</" +"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> This enhanced canvas proved " +"useful when we analyzed businesses and helped start-ups plan their economic " +"model." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1316 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1320 msgid "" "In our case study interviews, many expressed discomfort over describing " "themselves as an open business model—the term business model suggested " @@ -1954,37 +2027,37 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1337 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1342 msgid "" "A more comprehensive list of revenue streams is available in this post I " -"wrote on Medium on March 6, 2016. “What Is an Open Business Model and How " -"Can You Generate Revenue?”, available at <ulink url=\"http://medium.com/made-" -"with-creative-commons/what-is-an-open-business-model-and-how-can-you-" -"generate-revenue-5854d2659b15\"/>." +"wrote on Medium on March 6, 2016. <quote>What Is an Open Business Model and " +"How Can You Generate Revenue?</quote>, available at <ulink url=\"http://" +"medium.com/made-with-creative-commons/what-is-an-open-business-model-and-how-" +"can-you-generate-revenue-5854d2659b15\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1329 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1333 msgid "" "The creators, businesses, and organizations we profile all engage with the " "market to generate revenue in some way. The ways in which this is done vary " -"widely. Donations, pay what you can, memberships, “digital for free but " -"physical for a fee,” crowdfunding, matchmaking, value-add services, " -"patrons . . . the list goes on and on. (Initial description of how to earn " -"revenue available through reference note. For latest thinking see How to " -"Bring In Money in the next section.)<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/" -"> There is no single magic bullet, and each endeavor has devised ways that " -"work for them. Most make use of more than one way. Diversifying revenue " +"widely. Donations, pay what you can, memberships, <quote>digital for free " +"but physical for a fee,</quote> crowdfunding, matchmaking, value-add " +"services, patrons . . . the list goes on and on. (Initial description of how " +"to earn revenue available through reference note. For latest thinking see " +"How to Bring In Money in the next section.)<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" +"\"0\"/> There is no single magic bullet, and each endeavor has devised ways " +"that work for them. Most make use of more than one way. Diversifying revenue " "streams lowers risk and provides multiple paths to sustainability." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1349 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1354 msgid "Benefits of the Digital Commons" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1351 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1356 msgid "" "While it may be clear why commons-based organizations want to interact and " "engage with the market (they need money to survive), it may be less obvious " @@ -1993,7 +2066,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1357 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1362 msgid "" "The commons speeds dissemination. The free flow of resources in the commons " "offers tremendous economies of scale. Distribution is decentralized, with " @@ -2003,7 +2076,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1366 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1371 msgid "" "The commons ensures access to all. The market has traditionally operated by " "putting resources behind a paywall requiring payment first before access. " @@ -2017,7 +2090,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1379 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1384 msgid "" "The commons maximizes participation. Resources in the commons can be used " "and contributed to by everyone. Using the resources of others, contributing " @@ -2031,7 +2104,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1401 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1406 msgid "" "Henry Chesbrough, Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and " "Profiting from Technology (Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2006), 31–" @@ -2039,7 +2112,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1392 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1397 msgid "" "The commons spurs innovation. Resources in the hands of more people who can " "use them leads to new ideas. The way commons resources can be modified, " @@ -2055,7 +2128,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1410 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1415 msgid "" "The commons boosts reach and impact. The digital commons is global. " "Resources may be created for a local or regional need, but they go far and " @@ -2069,7 +2142,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1423 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1428 msgid "" "The commons is generative. Instead of extracting value, the commons adds " "value. Digitized resources persist without becoming depleted, and through " @@ -2084,7 +2157,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1437 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1442 msgid "" "The commons brings people together for a common cause. The commons vests " "people directly with the responsibility to manage the resources for the " @@ -2100,7 +2173,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1452 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1457 msgid "" "The benefits of the commons are many. When these benefits align with the " "goals of individuals, communities, businesses in the market, or state " @@ -2109,12 +2182,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1459 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1464 msgid "Our Case Studies" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1461 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1466 msgid "" "The creators, organizations, and businesses in our case studies operate as " "nonprofits, for-profits, and social enterprises. Regardless of legal " @@ -2127,7 +2200,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1473 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1478 msgid "" "The case studies are based on the narratives told to us by founders and key " "staff. Instead of solely using financials as the measure of success and " @@ -2137,7 +2210,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1481 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1486 msgid "" "Our case studies are diverse, ranging from publishing to education and " "manufacturing. All of the organizations, businesses, and creators in the " @@ -2149,7 +2222,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1491 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1496 msgid "" "They are creating new resources, or using the resources of others, or mixing " "existing resources together to make something new. They, and their audience, " @@ -2159,7 +2232,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1499 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1504 msgid "" "And as users of Creative Commons licenses, they are automatically part of a " "global community. The new digital commons is global. Those we profiled come " @@ -2168,7 +2241,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1506 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1511 msgid "" "Creative Commons licenses may express legal rules around the use of " "resources in a commons, but success in the commons requires more than " @@ -2183,7 +2256,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1519 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1524 msgid "" "The new digital commons is here to stay. Made With Creative Commons case " "studies show how it’s possible to be part of this commons while still " @@ -2194,7 +2267,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1528 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1533 msgid "" "Enterprise use of Creative Commons has only just begun. The case studies in " "this book are merely starting points. Each is changing and evolving over " @@ -2205,17 +2278,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1539 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1544 msgid "How to Be Made with Creative Commons" msgstr "Jak może być zrobione na licencji Creative Commons" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1541 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1546 msgid "Sarah Hinchliff Pearson" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1544 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1549 msgid "" "When we began this project in August 2015, we set out to write a book about " "business models that involve Creative Commons licenses in some significant " @@ -2232,7 +2305,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1560 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1565 msgid "" "We analyzed the revenue models, customer segments, and value propositions of " "each endeavor. We searched for ways that putting their content under " @@ -2244,7 +2317,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1570 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1575 msgid "" "In fairly short order, we realized the book we set out to write was quite " "different from the one that was revealing itself in our interviews and " @@ -2252,7 +2325,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1575 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1580 msgid "" "It isn’t that we were wrong to think you can make money while using Creative " "Commons licenses. In many instances, CC can help make you more money. Nor " @@ -2263,7 +2336,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1587 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1593 msgid "" "Alex Osterwalder and Yves Pigneur, Business Model Generation (Hoboken, NJ: " "John Wiley and Sons, 2010), 14. A preview of the book is available at <ulink " @@ -2271,19 +2344,20 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1584 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1589 msgid "" "According to the seminal handbook Business Model Generation, a business " -"model “describes the rationale of how an organization creates, delivers, and " -"captures value.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Thinking about " -"sharing in terms of creating and capturing value always felt inappropriately " -"transactional and out of place, something we heard time and time again in " -"our interviews. And as Cory Doctorow told us in our interview with him, " -"“Business model can mean anything you want it to mean.”" +"model <quote>describes the rationale of how an organization creates, " +"delivers, and captures value.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/" +"> Thinking about sharing in terms of creating and capturing value always " +"felt inappropriately transactional and out of place, something we heard time " +"and time again in our interviews. And as Cory Doctorow told us in our " +"interview with him, <quote>Business model can mean anything you want it to " +"mean.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1598 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1605 msgid "" "Eventually, we got it. Being Made with Creative Commons is more than a " "business model. While we will talk about specific revenue models as one " @@ -2292,7 +2366,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1605 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1612 msgid "" "Admittedly, it took me a long time to get there. When Paul and I divided up " "our writing after finishing the research, my charge was to distill " @@ -2304,7 +2378,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1615 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1622 msgid "" "In every interview, we started from the same simple questions. Amid all the " "diversity among the creators, organizations, and businesses we profiled, " @@ -2317,7 +2391,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1627 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1634 msgid "" "But we also started to realize something about what it means to be Made with " "Creative Commons. When people talked to us about how and why they used CC, " @@ -2327,7 +2401,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1635 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1642 msgid "" "At one level, being Made with Creative Commons expresses an affinity for the " "value of Creative Commons. While there are many different flavors of CC " @@ -2342,21 +2416,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1649 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1656 msgid "" "Whether the public makes use of the opportunity to copy and adapt your work, " "sharing with a Creative Commons license is a symbol of how you want to " "interact with the people who consume your work. Whenever you create " -"something, “all rights reserved” under copyright is automatic, so the " -"copyright symbol (©) on the work does not necessarily come across as a " -"marker of distrust or excessive protectionism. But using a CC license can be " -"a symbol of the opposite—of wanting a real human relationship, rather than " -"an impersonal market transaction. It leaves open the possibility of " +"something, <quote>all rights reserved</quote> under copyright is automatic, " +"so the copyright symbol (©) on the work does not necessarily come across as " +"a marker of distrust or excessive protectionism. But using a CC license can " +"be a symbol of the opposite—of wanting a real human relationship, rather " +"than an impersonal market transaction. It leaves open the possibility of " "connection." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1661 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1668 msgid "" "Being Made with Creative Commons not only demonstrates values connected to " "CC and sharing. It also demonstrates that something other than profit drives " @@ -2366,29 +2440,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1674 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1681 msgid "" "Cory Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: Laws for the Internet " "Age (San Francisco, CA: McSweeney’s, 2014) 68." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1669 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1676 msgid "" "The driving motivation varies depending on the type of endeavor. For " "individual creators, it is most often about personal inspiration. In some " -"ways, this is nothing new. As Doctorow has written, “Creators usually start " -"doing what they do for love.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> But " -"when you share your creative work under a CC license, that dynamic is even " -"more pronounced. Similarly, for technological innovators, it is often less " -"about creating a specific new thing that will make you rich and more about " -"solving a specific problem you have. The creators of Arduino told us that " -"the key question when creating something is “Do you as the creator want to " -"use it? It has to have personal use and meaning.”" +"ways, this is nothing new. As Doctorow has written, <quote>Creators usually " +"start doing what they do for love.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" +"\"0\"/> But when you share your creative work under a CC license, that " +"dynamic is even more pronounced. Similarly, for technological innovators, it " +"is often less about creating a specific new thing that will make you rich " +"and more about solving a specific problem you have. The creators of Arduino " +"told us that the key question when creating something is <quote>Do you as " +"the creator want to use it? It has to have personal use and meaning.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1685 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1693 msgid "" "Many that are Made with Creative Commons have an express social mission that " "underpins everything they do. In many cases, sharing with Creative Commons " @@ -2400,7 +2474,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1695 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1703 msgid "" "This dynamic is probably one reason why there are so many nonprofit examples " "of being Made with Creative Commons. The content is the result of a labor of " @@ -2412,7 +2486,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1705 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1713 msgid "" "Even if profit isn’t the end goal, you have to bring in money to be " "successfully Made with Creative Commons. At a bare minimum, you have to make " @@ -2420,25 +2494,25 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1710 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1718 msgid "" "The costs of doing business vary widely for those made with CC, but there is " "generally a much lower threshold for sustainability than there used to be " "for any creative endeavor. Digital technology has made it easier than ever " "to create, and easier than ever to distribute. As Doctorow put it in his " -"book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, “If analog dollars have turned " -"into digital dimes (as the critics of ad-supported media have it), there is " -"the fact that it’s possible to run a business that gets the same amount of " -"advertising as its forebears at a fraction of the price.”" +"book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, <quote>If analog dollars have " +"turned into digital dimes (as the critics of ad-supported media have it), " +"there is the fact that it’s possible to run a business that gets the same " +"amount of advertising as its forebears at a fraction of the price.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1727 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1735 msgid "Ibid., 55." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1722 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1730 msgid "" "Some creation costs are the same as they always were. It takes the same " "amount of time and money to write a peer-reviewed journal article or paint a " @@ -2453,7 +2527,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1739 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1747 msgid "" "Chris Anderson, Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by Giving " "Something for Nothing, reprint with new preface (New York: Hyperion, 2010), " @@ -2461,7 +2535,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1736 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1744 msgid "" "Distributing content is almost universally cheaper than ever. Once content " "is created, the costs to distribute copies digitally are essentially zero." @@ -2475,45 +2549,45 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1761 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1769 msgid "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 44." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1751 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1759 msgid "" "It’s important to recognize that the biggest impact of technology on " "creative endeavors is that creators can now foot the costs of creation and " "distribution themselves. People now often have a direct route to their " "potential public without necessarily needing intermediaries like record " -"labels and book publishers. Doctorow wrote, “If you’re a creator who never " -"got the time of day from one of the great imperial powers, this is your " -"time. Where once you had no means of reaching an audience without the " +"labels and book publishers. Doctorow wrote, <quote>If you’re a creator who " +"never got the time of day from one of the great imperial powers, this is " +"your time. Where once you had no means of reaching an audience without the " "assistance of the industry-dominating megacompanies, now you have hundreds " -"of ways to do it without them.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> " -"Previously, distribution of creative work involved the costs associated with " -"sustaining a monolithic entity, now creators can do the work themselves. " -"That means the financial needs of creative endeavors can be a lot more " -"modest." +"of ways to do it without them.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" +"\"0\"/> Previously, distribution of creative work involved the costs " +"associated with sustaining a monolithic entity, now creators can do the work " +"themselves. That means the financial needs of creative endeavors can be a " +"lot more modest." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1768 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1776 msgid "" "Whether for an individual creator or a larger endeavor, it usually isn’t " "enough to break even if you want to make what you’re doing a livelihood. You " "need to build in some support for the general operation. This extra bit " "looks different for everyone, but importantly, in nearly all cases for those " -"Made with Creative Commons, the definition of “enough money” looks a lot " -"different than it does in the world of venture capital and stock options. It " -"is more about sustainability and less about unlimited growth and profit. " -"SparkFun founder Nathan Seidle told us, “Business model is a really " -"grandiose word for it. It is really just about keeping the operation going " -"day to day.”" +"Made with Creative Commons, the definition of <quote>enough money</quote> " +"looks a lot different than it does in the world of venture capital and stock " +"options. It is more about sustainability and less about unlimited growth and " +"profit. SparkFun founder Nathan Seidle told us, <quote>Business model is a " +"really grandiose word for it. It is really just about keeping the operation " +"going day to day.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1781 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1789 msgid "" "This book is a testament to the notion that it is possible to make money " "while using CC licenses and CC-licensed content, but we are still very much " @@ -2523,96 +2597,98 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1789 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1797 msgid "" "There are, however, plenty of ways in which CC licensing can be good for " "business in fairly predictable ways. The first is how it helps solve " -"“problem zero.”" +"<quote>problem zero.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1794 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1802 msgid "Problem Zero: Getting Discovered" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1801 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1809 msgid "" "Amanda Palmer, The Art of Asking: Or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Let " "People Help (New York: Grand Central, 2014), 121." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1815 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1824 msgid "" "Chris Anderson, Makers: The New Industrial Revolution (New York: Signal, " "2012), 64." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1796 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1804 msgid "" "Once you create or collect your content, the next step is finding users, " -"customers, fans—in other words, your people. As Amanda Palmer wrote, “It has " -"to start with the art. The songs had to touch people initially, and mean " -"something, for anything to work at all.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" -"\"0\"/> There isn’t any magic to finding your people, and there is certainly " -"no formula. Your work has to connect with people and offer them some " -"artistic and/or utilitarian value. In some ways, this is easier than ever. " -"Online we are not limited by shelf space, so there is room for every obscure " -"interest, taste, and need imaginable. This is what Chris Anderson dubbed the " -"Long Tail, where consumption becomes less about mainstream mass “hits” and " -"more about micromarkets for every particular niche. As Anderson wrote, “We " +"customers, fans—in other words, your people. As Amanda Palmer wrote, " +"<quote>It has to start with the art. The songs had to touch people " +"initially, and mean something, for anything to work at all.</" +"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> There isn’t any magic to " +"finding your people, and there is certainly no formula. Your work has to " +"connect with people and offer them some artistic and/or utilitarian value. " +"In some ways, this is easier than ever. Online we are not limited by shelf " +"space, so there is room for every obscure interest, taste, and need " +"imaginable. This is what Chris Anderson dubbed the Long Tail, where " +"consumption becomes less about mainstream mass <quote>hits</quote> and more " +"about micromarkets for every particular niche. As Anderson wrote, <quote>We " "are all different, with different wants and needs, and the Internet now has " -"a place for all of them in the way that physical markets did " -"not.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> We are no longer limited to " +"a place for all of them in the way that physical markets did not.</" +"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> We are no longer limited to " "what appeals to the masses." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1828 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1838 msgid "" "David Bollier, Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of " "the Commons (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014), 70." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1834 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1845 msgid "Anderson, Makers, 66." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1838 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1850 msgid "" "Bryan Kramer, Shareology: How Sharing Is Powering the Human Economy (New " "York: Morgan James, 2016), 10." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1821 -msgid "" -"While finding “your people” online is theoretically easier than in the " -"analog world, as a practical matter it can still be difficult to actually " -"get noticed. The Internet is a firehose of content, one that only grows " -"larger by the minute. As a content creator, not only are you competing for " -"attention against more content creators than ever before, you are competing " -"against creativity generated outside the market as well.<placeholder type=" -"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Anderson wrote, “The greatest change of the past " -"decade has been the shift in time people spend consuming amateur content " -"instead of professional content.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> " -"To top it all off, you have to compete against the rest of their lives, too" -"—“friends, family, music playlists, soccer games, and nights on the " -"town.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"2\"/> Somehow, some way, you have " -"to get noticed by the right people." +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1830 +msgid "" +"While finding <quote>your people</quote> online is theoretically easier than " +"in the analog world, as a practical matter it can still be difficult to " +"actually get noticed. The Internet is a firehose of content, one that only " +"grows larger by the minute. As a content creator, not only are you " +"competing for attention against more content creators than ever before, you " +"are competing against creativity generated outside the market as well." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Anderson wrote, <quote>The " +"greatest change of the past decade has been the shift in time people spend " +"consuming amateur content instead of professional content.</" +"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> To top it all off, you have " +"to compete against the rest of their lives, too—<quote>friends, family, " +"music playlists, soccer games, and nights on the town.</quote><placeholder " +"type=\"footnote\" id=\"2\"/> Somehow, some way, you have to get noticed by " +"the right people." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1852 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1864 msgid "Anderson, Free, 62." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1844 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1856 msgid "" "When you come to the Internet armed with an all-rights-reserved mentality " "from the start, you are often restricting access to your work before there " @@ -2624,26 +2700,26 @@ msgid "" "to charge money for your content. It simply means you need to recognize the " "effect that doing so will have on demand. The same principle applies to " "restricting access to copy the work. If your problem is how to get " -"discovered and find “your people,” prohibiting people from copying your work " -"and sharing it with others is counterproductive." +"discovered and find <quote>your people,</quote> prohibiting people from " +"copying your work and sharing it with others is counterproductive." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1866 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1878 msgid "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 38." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1862 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1874 msgid "" "Of course, it’s not that being discovered by people who like your work will " -"make you rich—far from it. But as Cory Doctorow says, “Recognition is one of " -"many necessary preconditions for artistic success.”<placeholder type=" -"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"make you rich—far from it. But as Cory Doctorow says, <quote>Recognition is " +"one of many necessary preconditions for artistic success.</" +"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1870 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1882 msgid "" "Choosing not to spend time and energy restricting access to your work and " "policing infringement also builds goodwill. Lumen Learning, a for-profit " @@ -2656,23 +2732,23 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1887 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1900 msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 68." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1881 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1893 msgid "" "It is not just that restricting access to your work may undermine your " "social mission. It also may alienate the people who most value your creative " "work. If people like your work, their natural instinct will be to share it " -"with others. But as David Bollier wrote, “Our natural human impulses to " -"imitate and share—the essence of culture—have been " -"criminalized.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"with others. But as David Bollier wrote, <quote>Our natural human impulses " +"to imitate and share—the essence of culture—have been criminalized.</" +"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1891 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1904 msgid "" "The fact that copying can carry criminal penalties undoubtedly deters " "copying it, but copying with the click of a button is too easy and " @@ -2683,46 +2759,46 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1900 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1913 msgid "" "If you take some amount of copying and sharing your work as a given, you can " "invest your time and resources elsewhere, rather than wasting them on " "playing a cat and mouse game with people who want to copy and share your " -"work. Lizzy Jongma from the Rijksmuseum said, “We could spend a lot of money " -"trying to protect works, but people are going to do it anyway. And they will " -"use bad-quality versions.” Instead, they started releasing high-resolution " -"digital copies of their collection into the public domain and making them " -"available for free on their website. For them, sharing was a form of quality " -"control over the copies that were inevitably being shared online. Doing this " -"meant forgoing the revenue they previously got from selling digital images. " -"But Lizzy says that was a small price to pay for all of the opportunities " -"that sharing unlocked for them." +"work. Lizzy Jongma from the Rijksmuseum said, <quote>We could spend a lot of " +"money trying to protect works, but people are going to do it anyway. And " +"they will use bad-quality versions.</quote> Instead, they started releasing " +"high-resolution digital copies of their collection into the public domain " +"and making them available for free on their website. For them, sharing was a " +"form of quality control over the copies that were inevitably being shared " +"online. Doing this meant forgoing the revenue they previously got from " +"selling digital images. But Lizzy says that was a small price to pay for all " +"of the opportunities that sharing unlocked for them." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1920 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1933 msgid "Anderson, Free, 86." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1916 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1929 msgid "" "Being Made with Creative Commons means you stop thinking about ways to " "artificially make your content scarce, and instead leverage it as the " "potentially abundant resource it is.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/" "> When you see information abundance as a feature, not a bug, you start " "thinking about the ways to use the idling capacity of your content to your " -"advantage. As my friend and colleague Eric Steuer once said, “Using CC " -"licenses shows you get the Internet.”" +"advantage. As my friend and colleague Eric Steuer once said, <quote>Using CC " +"licenses shows you get the Internet.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1931 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1944 msgid "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 144." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1928 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1941 msgid "" "Cory Doctorow says it costs him nothing when other people make copies of his " "work, and it opens the possibility that he might get something in return." @@ -2736,19 +2812,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1941 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1954 msgid "" "There are all kinds of way to leverage the power of sharing and remix to " "your benefit. Here are a few." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1945 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1958 msgid "Use CC to grow a larger audience" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1947 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1960 msgid "" "Putting a Creative Commons license on your content won’t make it " "automatically go viral, but eliminating legal barriers to copying the work " @@ -2757,11 +2833,12 @@ msgid "" "the shoulder to those who come across the work—a nudge to copy the work if " "they have any inkling of doing so. All things being equal, if one piece of " "content has a sign that says Share and the other says Don’t Share (which is " -"what “©” means), which do you think people are more likely to share?" +"what <quote>©</quote> means), which do you think people are more likely to " +"share?" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1959 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1972 msgid "" "The Conversation is an online news site with in-depth articles written by " "academics who are experts on particular topics. All of the articles are CC-" @@ -2771,38 +2848,38 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1975 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1989 msgid "Anderson, Free, 123." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1968 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1981 msgid "" "The idea that more eyeballs equates with more success is a form of the max " "strategy, adopted by Google and other technology companies. According to " -"Google’s Eric Schmidt, the idea is simple: “Take whatever it is you are " -"doing and do it at the max in terms of distribution. The other way of saying " -"this is that since marginal cost of distribution is free, you might as well " -"put things everywhere.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> This " -"strategy is what often motivates companies to make their products and " -"services free (i.e., no cost), but the same logic applies to making content " -"freely shareable. Because CC-licensed content is free (as in cost) and can " -"be freely copied, CC licensing makes it even more accessible and likely to " -"spread." +"Google’s Eric Schmidt, the idea is simple: <quote>Take whatever it is you " +"are doing and do it at the max in terms of distribution. The other way of " +"saying this is that since marginal cost of distribution is free, you might " +"as well put things everywhere.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" +"\"0\"/> This strategy is what often motivates companies to make their " +"products and services free (i.e., no cost), but the same logic applies to " +"making content freely shareable. Because CC-licensed content is free (as in " +"cost) and can be freely copied, CC licensing makes it even more accessible " +"and likely to spread." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1989 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2003 msgid "Ibid., 132." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1994 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2008 msgid "Ibid., 70." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1984 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1998 msgid "" "If you are successful in reaching more users, readers, listeners, or other " "consumers of your work, you can start to benefit from the bandwagon effect. " @@ -2814,20 +2891,20 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1999 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2013 msgid "Use CC to get attribution and name recognition" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2013 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2027 msgid "" "James Surowiecki, The Wisdom of Crowds (New York: Anchor Books, 2005), 124. " -"Surowiecki says, “The measure of success of laws and contracts is how rarely " -"they are invoked.”" +"Surowiecki says, <quote>The measure of success of laws and contracts is how " +"rarely they are invoked.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2001 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2015 msgid "" "Every Creative Commons license requires that credit be given to the author, " "and that reusers supply a link back to the original source of the material. " @@ -2845,7 +2922,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2024 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2038 msgid "" "The fact that the name of the creator follows a CC-licensed work makes the " "licenses an important means to develop a reputation or, in corporate speak, " @@ -2860,7 +2937,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2038 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2052 msgid "" "Attribution can be about more than just receiving credit. It can also be " "about establishing provenance. People naturally want to know where content " @@ -2875,7 +2952,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2053 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2067 msgid "" "Knowing the source of a work is also critical to ensuring its credibility. " "Just as a trademark is designed to give consumers a way to identify the " @@ -2886,12 +2963,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2063 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2077 msgid "Use CC-licensed content as a marketing tool" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2065 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2079 msgid "" "As we will cover in more detail later, many endeavors that are Made with " "Creative Commons make money by providing a product or service other than the " @@ -2902,12 +2979,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2087 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2101 msgid "Anderson, Free, 44." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2074 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2088 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched’s Pinter told us she has seen time and again how " "offering CC-licensed content—that is, digitally for free—actually increases " @@ -2924,7 +3001,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2091 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2105 msgid "" "In some cases, endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons do not even " "need dedicated marketing teams or marketing budgets. Cards Against Humanity " @@ -2941,12 +3018,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2108 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2122 msgid "Use CC to enable hands-on engagement with your work" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2111 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2125 msgid "" "The great promise of Creative Commons licensing is that it signifies an " "embrace of remix culture. Indeed, this is the great promise of digital " @@ -2955,12 +3032,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2125 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2139 msgid "Osterwalder and Pigneur, Business Model Generation, 23." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2118 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2132 msgid "" "Four of the six CC licenses enable reusers to take apart, build upon, or " "otherwise adapt the work. Depending on the context, adaptation can mean " @@ -2974,37 +3051,37 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2138 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2152 msgid "Anderson, Free, 67." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2143 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2157 msgid "Ibid., 58." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2146 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2160 msgid "Anderson, Makers, 71." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2151 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2165 msgid "" "Clay Shirky, Cognitive Surplus: How Technology Makes Consumers into " "Collaborators (London: Penguin Books, 2010), 78." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2133 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2147 msgid "" "This is a way to counteract a potential downside of the abundance of free " -"and open content described above. As Anderson wrote in Free, “People often " -"don’t care as much about things they don’t pay for, and as a result they " -"don’t think as much about how they consume them.”<placeholder type=\"footnote" -"\" id=\"0\"/> If even the tiny act of volition of paying one penny for " -"something changes our perception of that thing, then surely the act of " -"remixing it enhances our perception exponentially.<placeholder type=" +"and open content described above. As Anderson wrote in Free, <quote>People " +"often don’t care as much about things they don’t pay for, and as a result " +"they don’t think as much about how they consume them.</quote><placeholder " +"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> If even the tiny act of volition of paying one " +"penny for something changes our perception of that thing, then surely the " +"act of remixing it enhances our perception exponentially.<placeholder type=" "\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> We know that people will pay more for products they " "had a part in creating.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"2\"/> And we know " "that creating something, no matter what quality, brings with it a type of " @@ -3013,34 +3090,34 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2164 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2178 msgid "Ibid., 21." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2157 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2171 msgid "" "Actively engaging with the content helps us avoid the type of aimless " "consumption that anyone who has absentmindedly scrolled through their social-" "media feeds for an hour knows all too well. In his book, Cognitive Surplus, " -"Clay Shirky says, “To participate is to act as if your presence matters, as " -"if, when you see something or hear something, your response is part of the " -"event.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Opening the door to your " -"content can get people more deeply tied to your work." +"Clay Shirky says, <quote>To participate is to act as if your presence " +"matters, as if, when you see something or hear something, your response is " +"part of the event.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Opening " +"the door to your content can get people more deeply tied to your work." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2170 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2184 msgid "Use CC to differentiate yourself" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2179 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2193 msgid "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 43." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2172 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2186 msgid "" "Operating under a traditional copyright regime usually means operating under " "the rules of establishment players in the media. Business strategies that " @@ -3051,25 +3128,26 @@ msgid "" "function without those barriers and, in many cases, use the increased " "openness as a competitive advantage. David Harris from OpenStax said they " "specifically pursue strategies they know that traditional publishers cannot. " -"“Don’t go into a market and play by the incumbent rules,” David said. " -"“Change the rules of engagement.”" +"<quote>Don’t go into a market and play by the incumbent rules,</quote> David " +"said. <quote>Change the rules of engagement.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2191 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2205 msgid "Making Money" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2201 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2215 msgid "" -"William Landes Foster, Peter Kim, and Barbara Christiansen, “Ten Nonprofit " -"Funding Models,” Stanford Social Innovation Review, Spring 2009, <ulink url=" -"\"http://ssir.org/articles/entry/ten_nonprofit_funding_models\"/>." +"William Landes Foster, Peter Kim, and Barbara Christiansen, <quote>Ten " +"Nonprofit Funding Models,</quote> Stanford Social Innovation Review, Spring " +"2009, <ulink url=\"http://ssir.org/articles/entry/" +"ten_nonprofit_funding_models\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2193 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2207 msgid "" "Like any moneymaking endeavor, those that are Made with Creative Commons " "have to generate some type of value for their audience or customers. " @@ -3087,24 +3165,24 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2222 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2236 msgid "Shirky, Cognitive Surplus, 111." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2214 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2228 msgid "" "Most who are Made with Creative Commons use a variety of methods to bring in " "revenue, some market-based and some not. One common strategy is using grant " "funding for content creation when research-and-development costs are " "particularly high, and then finding a different revenue stream (or streams) " -"for ongoing expenses. As Shirky wrote, “The trick is in knowing when markets " -"are an optimal way of organizing interactions and when they are " -"not.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"for ongoing expenses. As Shirky wrote, <quote>The trick is in knowing when " +"markets are an optimal way of organizing interactions and when they are not." +"</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2226 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2240 msgid "" "Our case studies explore in more detail the various revenue-generating " "mechanisms used by the creators, organizations, and businesses we " @@ -3115,24 +3193,24 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2235 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2249 msgid "Market-based revenue streams" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2240 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2254 msgid "Osterwalder and Pigneur, Business Model Generation, 30." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2247 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2261 msgid "" "Jim Whitehurst, The Open Organization: Igniting Passion and Performance " "(Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2015), 202." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2237 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2251 msgid "" "In the market, the central question when determining how to bring in revenue " "is what value people are willing to pay for.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " @@ -3144,12 +3222,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2263 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2277 msgid "Anderson, Free, 71." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2253 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2267 msgid "" "In many ways, this is the way of the future for all content-driven " "endeavors. In the market, value lives in things that are scarce. Because the " @@ -3161,31 +3239,32 @@ msgid "" "or not.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> If people can easily find " "your content for free, getting people to buy it will be difficult, " "particularly in a context where access to content is more important than " -"owning it. In Free, Anderson wrote, “Copyright protection schemes, whether " -"coded into either law or software, are simply holding up a price against the " -"force of gravity.”" +"owning it. In Free, Anderson wrote, <quote>Copyright protection schemes, " +"whether coded into either law or software, are simply holding up a price " +"against the force of gravity.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2282 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2296 msgid "Ibid., 231." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2272 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2286 msgid "" "Of course, this doesn’t mean that content-driven endeavors have no future in " "the traditional marketplace. In Free, Anderson explains how when one product " "or service becomes free, as information and content largely have in the " -"digital age, other things become more valuable. “Every abundance creates a " -"new scarcity,” he wrote. You just have to find some way other than the " -"content to provide value to your audience or customers. As Anderson says, " -"“It’s easy to compete with Free: simply offer something better or at least " -"different from the free version.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"digital age, other things become more valuable. <quote>Every abundance " +"creates a new scarcity,</quote> he wrote. You just have to find some way " +"other than the content to provide value to your audience or customers. As " +"Anderson says, <quote>It’s easy to compete with Free: simply offer something " +"better or at least different from the free version.</quote><placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2286 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2300 msgid "" "In light of this reality, in some ways endeavors that are Made with Creative " "Commons are at a level playing field with all content-based endeavors in the " @@ -3196,7 +3275,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2295 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2309 msgid "" "For content creators and distributors, there are nearly infinite ways to " "provide value to the consumers of your work, above and beyond the value that " @@ -3205,47 +3284,47 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2302 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2316 msgid "Here are the most common high-level categories." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2306 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2320 msgid "" "Providing a custom service to consumers of your work <emphasis>[MARKET-" "BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2316 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2330 msgid "Ibid., 97." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2309 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2323 msgid "" "In this age of information abundance, we don’t lack for content. The trick " "is finding content that matches our needs and wants, so customized services " -"are particularly valuable. As Anderson wrote, “Commodity information " +"are particularly valuable. As Anderson wrote, <quote>Commodity information " "(everybody gets the same version) wants to be free. Customized information " -"(you get something unique and meaningful to you) wants to be " -"expensive.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> This can be anything " -"from the artistic and cultural consulting services provided by Ártica to the " -"custom-song business of Jonathan “Song-A-Day” Mann." +"(you get something unique and meaningful to you) wants to be expensive.</" +"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> This can be anything from " +"the artistic and cultural consulting services provided by Ártica to the " +"custom-song business of Jonathan <quote>Song-A-Day</quote> Mann." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2323 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2338 msgid "Charging for the physical copy <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2330 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2345 msgid "Anderson, Makers, 107." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2326 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2341 msgid "" "In his book about maker culture, Anderson characterizes this model as giving " "away the bits and selling the atoms (where bits refers to digital content " @@ -3269,12 +3348,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2354 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2369 msgid "Charging for the in-person version <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2357 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2372 msgid "" "As anyone who has ever gone to a concert will tell you, experiencing " "creativity in person is a completely different experience from consuming a " @@ -3285,12 +3364,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2368 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2383 msgid "Selling merchandise <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2371 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2386 msgid "" "In many cases, people who like your work will pay for products demonstrating " "a connection to your work. As a child of the 1980s, I can personally attest " @@ -3299,12 +3378,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2388 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2403 msgid "Osterwalder and Pigneur, Business Model Generation, 89." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2378 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2393 msgid "" "Sometimes the way to find a market-based revenue stream is by providing " "value to people other than those who consume your CC-licensed content. In " @@ -3320,22 +3399,22 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2395 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2410 msgid "Charging advertisers or sponsors <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2403 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2418 msgid "Ibid., 92." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2407 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2422 msgid "Anderson, Free, 142." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2398 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2413 msgid "" "The traditional model of subsidizing free content is advertising. In this " "version of multi-sided platforms, advertisers pay for the opportunity to " @@ -3351,36 +3430,36 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2416 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2431 msgid "Charging your content creators <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2419 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2434 msgid "" "Another type of multisided platform is where the content creators themselves " "pay to be featured on the platform. Obviously, this revenue stream is only " "available to those who rely on work created, at least in part, by others. " -"The most well-known version of this model is the “author-processing charge” " -"of open-access journals like those published by the Public Library of " -"Science, but there are other variations. The Conversation is primarily " -"funded by a university-membership model, where universities pay to have " -"their faculties participate as writers of the content on the Conversation " -"website." +"The most well-known version of this model is the <quote>author-processing " +"charge</quote> of open-access journals like those published by the Public " +"Library of Science, but there are other variations. The Conversation is " +"primarily funded by a university-membership model, where universities pay to " +"have their faculties participate as writers of the content on the " +"Conversation website." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2433 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2448 msgid "Charging a transaction fee <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2438 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2453 msgid "Osterwalder and Pigneur, Business Model Generation, 32." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2436 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2451 msgid "" "This is a version of a traditional business model based on brokering " "transactions between parties.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> " @@ -3394,13 +3473,13 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2450 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2465 msgid "" "Providing a service to your creators <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2453 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2468 msgid "" "As mentioned above, endeavors can make money by providing customized " "services to their users. Platforms can undertake a variation of this service " @@ -3411,12 +3490,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2463 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2478 msgid "Licensing a trademark <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2466 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2481 msgid "" "Finally, some that are Made with Creative Commons make money by selling use " "of their trademarks. Well known brands that consumers associate with " @@ -3429,12 +3508,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2478 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2493 msgid "Reciprocity-based revenue streams" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2480 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2495 msgid "" "Even if we set aside grant funding, we found that the traditional economic " "framework of understanding the market failed to fully capture the ways the " @@ -3443,7 +3522,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2487 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2502 msgid "" "Rather than devising a scheme to get people to pay money in exchange for " "some direct value provided to them, many of the revenue streams were more " @@ -3452,32 +3531,32 @@ msgid "" "like traditional nonprofit funding models, they aren’t charity. The endeavor " "exchange value with people, just not necessarily synchronously or in a way " "that requires that those values be equal. As David Bollier wrote in Think " -"Like a Commoner, “There is no self-serving calculation of whether the value " -"given and received is strictly equal.”" +"Like a Commoner, <quote>There is no self-serving calculation of whether the " +"value given and received is strictly equal.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2500 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2515 msgid "" "This should be a familiar dynamic—it is the way you deal with your friends " "and family. We give without regard for what and when we will get back. David " -"Bollier wrote, “Reciprocal social exchange lies at the heart of human " +"Bollier wrote, <quote>Reciprocal social exchange lies at the heart of human " "identity, community and culture. It is a vital brain function that helps the " -"human species survive and evolve.”" +"human species survive and evolve.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2510 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2525 msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 150." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2514 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2529 msgid "Ibid., 134." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2508 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2523 msgid "" "What is rare is to incorporate this sort of relationship into an endeavor " "that also engages with the market.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> " @@ -3487,13 +3566,13 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2519 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2534 msgid "" "Memberships and individual donations <emphasis>[RECIPROCITY-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2522 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2537 msgid "" "While memberships and donations are traditional nonprofit funding models, in " "the Made with Creative Commons context, they are directly tied to the " @@ -3508,30 +3587,30 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2538 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2553 msgid "The pay-what-you-want model <emphasis>[RECIPROCITY-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2541 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2556 msgid "" "In the pay-what-you-want model, the beneficiary of Creative Commons content " "is invited to give—at any amount they can and feel is appropriate, based on " "the public and personal value they feel is generated by the open content. " -"Critically, these models are not touted as “buying” something free. They are " -"similar to a tip jar. People make financial contributions as an act of " -"gratitude. These models capitalize on the fact that we are naturally " -"inclined to give money for things we value in the marketplace, even in " -"situations where we could find a way to get it for free." +"Critically, these models are not touted as <quote>buying</quote> something " +"free. They are similar to a tip jar. People make financial contributions as " +"an act of gratitude. These models capitalize on the fact that we are " +"naturally inclined to give money for things we value in the marketplace, " +"even in situations where we could find a way to get it for free." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2554 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2569 msgid "Crowdfunding <emphasis>[RECIPROCITY-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2557 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2572 msgid "" "Crowdfunding models are based on recouping the costs of creating and " "distributing content before the content is created. If the endeavor is Made " @@ -3541,15 +3620,15 @@ msgid "" "They have to want you to succeed. Amanda Palmer credits the success of her " "crowdfunding on Kickstarter and Patreon to the years she spent building her " "community and creating a connection with her fans. She wrote in The Art of " -"Asking, “Good art is made, good art is shared, help is offered, ears are " -"bent, emotions are exchanged, the compost of real, deep connection is " +"Asking, <quote>Good art is made, good art is shared, help is offered, ears " +"are bent, emotions are exchanged, the compost of real, deep connection is " "sprayed all over the fields. Then one day, the artist steps up and asks for " "something. And if the ground has been fertilized enough, the audience says, " -"without hesitation: of course.”" +"without hesitation: of course.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2575 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2590 msgid "" "Other types of crowdfunding rely on a sense of responsibility that a " "particular community may feel. Knowledge Unlatched pools funds from major U." @@ -3560,39 +3639,40 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2586 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2601 msgid "Making Human Connections" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2588 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2603 msgid "" "Regardless of how they made money, in our interviews, we repeatedly heard " -"language like “persuading people to buy” and “inviting people to pay.” We " -"heard it even in connection with revenue streams that sit squarely within " -"the market. Cory Doctorow told us, “I have to convince my readers that the " -"right thing to do is to pay me.” The founders of the for-profit company " -"Lumen Learning showed us the letter they send to those who opt not to pay " -"for the services they provide in connection with their CC-licensed " -"educational content. It isn’t a cease-and-desist letter; it’s an invitation " -"to pay because it’s the right thing to do. This sort of behavior toward what " -"could be considered nonpaying customers is largely unheard of in the " -"traditional marketplace. But it seems to be part of the fabric of being Made " -"with Creative Commons." +"language like <quote>persuading people to buy</quote> and <quote>inviting " +"people to pay.</quote> We heard it even in connection with revenue streams " +"that sit squarely within the market. Cory Doctorow told us, <quote>I have to " +"convince my readers that the right thing to do is to pay me.</quote> The " +"founders of the for-profit company Lumen Learning showed us the letter they " +"send to those who opt not to pay for the services they provide in connection " +"with their CC-licensed educational content. It isn’t a cease-and-desist " +"letter; it’s an invitation to pay because it’s the right thing to do. This " +"sort of behavior toward what could be considered nonpaying customers is " +"largely unheard of in the traditional marketplace. But it seems to be part " +"of the fabric of being Made with Creative Commons." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2604 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2620 msgid "" "Nearly every endeavor we profiled relied, at least in part, on people being " "invested in what they do. The closer the Creative Commons content is to " -"being “the product,” the more pronounced this dynamic has to be. Rather than " -"simply selling a product or service, they are making ideological, personal, " -"and creative connections with the people who value what they do." +"being <quote>the product,</quote> the more pronounced this dynamic has to " +"be. Rather than simply selling a product or service, they are making " +"ideological, personal, and creative connections with the people who value " +"what they do." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2612 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2628 msgid "" "It took me a very long time to see how this avoidance of thinking about what " "they do in pure market terms was deeply tied to being Made with Creative " @@ -3600,7 +3680,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2617 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2633 msgid "" "I came to the research with preconceived notions about what Creative Commons " "is and what it means to be Made with Creative Commons. It turned out I was " @@ -3608,7 +3688,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2622 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2638 msgid "" "Obviously, being Made with Creative Commons means using Creative Commons " "licenses. That much I knew. But in our interviews, people spoke of so much " @@ -3621,7 +3701,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2633 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2649 msgid "" "Being Made with Creative Commons is not just about the simple act of " "licensing a copyrighted work under a set of standardized terms, but also " @@ -3636,7 +3716,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2647 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2663 msgid "" "The rest of this section will explore some of the common strategies that " "creators, companies, and organizations use to remind us that there are " @@ -3645,19 +3725,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2654 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2670 msgid "Be human" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2658 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2674 msgid "" "Dan Ariely, Predictably Irrational: The Hidden Forces That Shape Our " "Decisions, rev. ed. (New York: Harper Perennial, 2010), 109." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2656 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2672 msgid "" "Humans are social animals, which means we are naturally inclined to treat " "each other well.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> But the further " @@ -3668,100 +3748,101 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2682 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2698 msgid "" "Austin Kleon, Show Your Work: 10 Ways to Share Your Creativity and Get " "Discovered (New York: Workman, 2014), 93." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2669 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2685 msgid "" "To counteract the anonymous and impersonal tendencies of how we operate " "online, individual creators and corporations who use Creative Commons " "licenses work to demonstrate their humanity. For some, this means pouring " "their lives out on the page. For others, it means showing their creative " "process, giving a glimpse into how they do what they do. As writer Austin " -"Kleon wrote, “Our work doesn’t speak for itself. Human beings want to know " -"where things came from, how they were made, and who made them. The stories " -"you tell about the work you do have a huge effect on how people feel and " -"what they understand about your work, and how people feel and what they " -"understand about your work affects how they value it.”<placeholder type=" -"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"Kleon wrote, <quote>Our work doesn’t speak for itself. Human beings want to " +"know where things came from, how they were made, and who made them. The " +"stories you tell about the work you do have a huge effect on how people feel " +"and what they understand about your work, and how people feel and what they " +"understand about your work affects how they value it.</quote><placeholder " +"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2688 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2704 msgid "" "A critical component to doing this effectively is not worrying about being a " -"“brand.” That means not being afraid to be vulnerable. Amanda Palmer says, " -"“When you’re afraid of someone’s judgment, you can’t connect with them. " -"You’re too preoccupied with the task of impressing them.” Not everyone is " -"suited to live life as an open book like Palmer, and that’s OK. There are a " -"lot of ways to be human. The trick is just avoiding pretense and the " -"temptation to artificially craft an image. People don’t just want the glossy " -"version of you. They can’t relate to it, at least not in a meaningful way." +"<quote>brand.</quote> That means not being afraid to be vulnerable. Amanda " +"Palmer says, <quote>When you’re afraid of someone’s judgment, you can’t " +"connect with them. You’re too preoccupied with the task of impressing them.</" +"quote> Not everyone is suited to live life as an open book like Palmer, and " +"that’s OK. There are a lot of ways to be human. The trick is just avoiding " +"pretense and the temptation to artificially craft an image. People don’t " +"just want the glossy version of you. They can’t relate to it, at least not " +"in a meaningful way." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2708 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2725 msgid "Kramer, Shareology, 76." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2700 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2717 msgid "" "This advice is probably even more important for businesses and organizations " "because we instinctively conceive of them as nonhuman (though in the United " "States, corporations are people!). When corporations and organizations make " "the people behind them more apparent, it reminds people that they are " "dealing with something other than an anonymous corporate entity. In business-" -"speak, this is about “humanizing your interactions” with the public." -"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> But it can’t be a gimmick. You " -"can’t fake being human." +"speak, this is about <quote>humanizing your interactions</quote> with the " +"public.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> But it can’t be a gimmick. " +"You can’t fake being human." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2714 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2731 msgid "Be open and accountable" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2723 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2740 msgid "Palmer, Art of Asking, 252." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2728 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2745 msgid "Whitehurst, Open Organization, 145." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2716 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2733 msgid "" "Transparency helps people understand who you are and why you do what you do, " "but it also inspires trust. Max Temkin of Cards Against Humanity told us, " -"“One of the most surprising things you can do in capitalism is just be " -"honest with people.” That means sharing the good and the bad. As Amanda " -"Palmer wrote, “You can fix almost anything by authentically " -"communicating.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> It isn’t about " -"trying to satisfy everyone or trying to sugarcoat mistakes or bad news, but " -"instead about explaining your rationale and then being prepared to defend it " -"when people are critical.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" +"<quote>One of the most surprising things you can do in capitalism is just be " +"honest with people.</quote> That means sharing the good and the bad. As " +"Amanda Palmer wrote, <quote>You can fix almost anything by authentically " +"communicating.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> It isn’t " +"about trying to satisfy everyone or trying to sugarcoat mistakes or bad " +"news, but instead about explaining your rationale and then being prepared to " +"defend it when people are critical.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2737 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2754 msgid "Surowiecki, Wisdom of Crowds, 203." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2744 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2761 msgid "Whitehurst, Open Organization, 80." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2732 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2749 msgid "" "Being accountable does not mean operating on consensus. According to James " "Surowiecki, consensus-driven groups tend to resort to lowest-common-" @@ -3778,22 +3859,22 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2752 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2769 msgid "Design for the good actors" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2756 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2773 msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 25." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2761 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2778 msgid "Ibid., 31." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2754 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2771 msgid "" "Traditional economics assumes people make decisions based solely on their " "own economic self-interest.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Any " @@ -3802,82 +3883,82 @@ msgid "" "In fact, we are hardwired to work together and ensure fairness.<placeholder " "type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> Being Made with Creative Commons requires an " "assumption that people will largely act on those social motivations, " -"motivations that would be considered “irrational” in an economic sense. As " -"Knowledge Unlatched’s Pinter told us, “It is best to ignore people who try " -"to scare you about free riding. That fear is based on a very shallow view of " -"what motivates human behavior.” There will always be people who will act in " -"purely selfish ways, but endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons " -"design for the good actors." +"motivations that would be considered <quote>irrational</quote> in an " +"economic sense. As Knowledge Unlatched’s Pinter told us, <quote>It is best " +"to ignore people who try to scare you about free riding. That fear is based " +"on a very shallow view of what motivates human behavior.</quote> There will " +"always be people who will act in purely selfish ways, but endeavors that are " +"Made with Creative Commons design for the good actors." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2779 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2797 msgid "Shirky, Cognitive Surplus, 112." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2773 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2791 msgid "" "The assumption that people will largely do the right thing can be a self-" -"fulfilling prophecy. Shirky wrote in Cognitive Surplus, “Systems that assume " -"people will act in ways that create public goods, and that give them " +"fulfilling prophecy. Shirky wrote in Cognitive Surplus, <quote>Systems that " +"assume people will act in ways that create public goods, and that give them " "opportunities and rewards for doing so, often let them work together better " -"than neoclassical economics would predict.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" -"\"0\"/> When we acknowledge that people are often motivated by something " -"other than financial self-interest, we design our endeavors in ways that " -"encourage and accentuate our social instincts." +"than neoclassical economics would predict.</quote><placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> When we acknowledge that people are often motivated " +"by something other than financial self-interest, we design our endeavors in " +"ways that encourage and accentuate our social instincts." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2796 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2815 msgid "Surowiecki, Wisdom of Crowds, 124." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2786 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2804 msgid "" "Rather than trying to exert control over people’s behavior, this mode of " "operating requires a certain level of trust. We might not realize it, but " "our daily lives are already built on trust. As Surowiecki wrote in The " -"Wisdom of Crowds, “It’s impossible for a society to rely on law alone to " -"make sure citizens act honestly and responsibly. And it’s impossible for any " -"organization to rely on contracts alone to make sure that its managers and " -"workers live up to their obligation.” Instead, we largely trust that people—" -"mostly strangers—will do what they are supposed to do.<placeholder type=" -"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> And most often, they do." +"Wisdom of Crowds, <quote>It’s impossible for a society to rely on law alone " +"to make sure citizens act honestly and responsibly. And it’s impossible for " +"any organization to rely on contracts alone to make sure that its managers " +"and workers live up to their obligation.</quote> Instead, we largely trust " +"that people—mostly strangers—will do what they are supposed to do." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> And most often, they do." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2801 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2820 msgid "Treat humans like, well, humans" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2806 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2825 msgid "Kleon, Show Your Work, 127." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2814 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2833 msgid "Palmer, Art of Asking, 121." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2803 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2822 msgid "" "For creators, treating people as humans means not treating them like fans. " -"As Kleon says, “If you want fans, you have to be a fan first.”<placeholder " -"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Even if you happen to be one of the few to " -"reach celebrity levels of fame, you are better off remembering that the " -"people who follow your work are human, too. Cory Doctorow makes a point to " -"answer every single email someone sends him. Amanda Palmer spends vast " -"quantities of time going online to communicate with her public, making a " -"point to listen just as much as she talks.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" -"\"1\"/>" +"As Kleon says, <quote>If you want fans, you have to be a fan first.</" +"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Even if you happen to be one " +"of the few to reach celebrity levels of fame, you are better off remembering " +"that the people who follow your work are human, too. Cory Doctorow makes a " +"point to answer every single email someone sends him. Amanda Palmer spends " +"vast quantities of time going online to communicate with her public, making " +"a point to listen just as much as she talks.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " +"id=\"1\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2818 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2837 msgid "" "The same idea goes for businesses and organizations. Rather than automating " "its customer service, the music platform Tribe of Noise makes a point to " @@ -3885,17 +3966,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2829 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2848 msgid "Ariely, Predictably Irrational, 87." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2839 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2858 msgid "Ibid., 105." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2824 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2843 msgid "" "When we treat people like humans, they typically return the gift in kind. " "It’s called karma. But social relationships are fragile. It is all too easy " @@ -3911,12 +3992,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2844 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2863 msgid "State your principles and stick to them" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2846 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2865 msgid "" "Being Made with Creative Commons makes a statement about who you are and " "what you do. The symbolism is powerful. Using Creative Commons licenses " @@ -3929,7 +4010,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2858 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2877 msgid "" "The expression of your values doesn’t have to be implicit. In fact, many of " "the people we interviewed talked about how important it is to state your " @@ -3942,12 +4023,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2873 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2892 msgid "Ibid., 36." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2869 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2888 msgid "" "When your end goal is not about making a profit, people trust that you " "aren’t just trying to extract value for your own gain. People notice when " @@ -3957,19 +4038,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2879 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2898 msgid "Build a community" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2887 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2906 msgid "" "Jono Bacon, The Art of Community, 2nd ed. (Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, " "2012), 36." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2881 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2900 msgid "" "Endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons thrive when community is built " "around what they do. This may mean a community collaborating together to " @@ -3982,109 +4063,112 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2903 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2922 msgid "Palmer, Art of Asking, 98." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2910 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2929 msgid "Whitehurst, Open Organization, 34." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2895 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2914 msgid "" "To be sustainable, though, you have to work to nurture community. People " "have to care—about you and each other. One critical piece to this is " "fostering a sense of belonging. As Jono Bacon writes in The Art of " -"Community, “If there is no belonging, there is no community.” For Amanda " -"Palmer and her band, that meant creating an accepting and inclusive " -"environment where people felt a part of their “weird little " -"family.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> For organizations like Red " -"Hat, that means connecting around common beliefs or goals. As the CEO Jim " -"Whitehurst wrote in The Open Organization, “Tapping into passion is " -"especially important in building the kinds of participative communities that " -"drive open organizations.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" +"Community, <quote>If there is no belonging, there is no community.</quote> " +"For Amanda Palmer and her band, that meant creating an accepting and " +"inclusive environment where people felt a part of their <quote>weird little " +"family.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> For organizations " +"like Red Hat, that means connecting around common beliefs or goals. As the " +"CEO Jim Whitehurst wrote in The Open Organization, <quote>Tapping into " +"passion is especially important in building the kinds of participative " +"communities that drive open organizations.</quote><placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2922 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2941 msgid "Surowiecki, Wisdom of Crowds, 200." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2926 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2945 msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 29." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2914 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2933 msgid "" "Communities that collaborate together take deliberate planning. Surowiecki " -"wrote, “It takes a lot of work to put the group together. It’s difficult to " -"ensure that people are working in the group’s interest and not in their own. " -"And when there’s a lack of trust between the members of the group (which " -"isn’t surprising given that they don’t really know each other), considerable " -"energy is wasted trying to determine each other’s bona fides.”<placeholder " -"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Building true community requires giving people " -"within the community the power to create or influence the rules that govern " -"the community.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> If the rules are " -"created and imposed in a top-down manner, people feel like they don’t have a " -"voice, which in turn leads to disengagement." +"wrote, <quote>It takes a lot of work to put the group together. It’s " +"difficult to ensure that people are working in the group’s interest and not " +"in their own. And when there’s a lack of trust between the members of the " +"group (which isn’t surprising given that they don’t really know each other), " +"considerable energy is wasted trying to determine each other’s bona fides.</" +"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Building true community " +"requires giving people within the community the power to create or influence " +"the rules that govern the community.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/" +"> If the rules are created and imposed in a top-down manner, people feel " +"like they don’t have a voice, which in turn leads to disengagement." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2932 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2951 msgid "" "Community takes work, but working together, or even simply being connected " "around common interests or values, is in many ways what sharing is about." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2938 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2957 msgid "Give more to the commons than you take" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2949 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2968 msgid "" -"Giana Eckhardt and Fleura Bardhi, “The Sharing Economy Isn’t about Sharing " -"at All,” Harvard Business Review (website), January 28, 2015, <ulink url=" -"\"http://hbr.org/2015/01/the-sharing-economy-isnt-about-sharing-at-all\"/>." +"Giana Eckhardt and Fleura Bardhi, <quote>The Sharing Economy Isn’t about " +"Sharing at All,</quote> Harvard Business Review (website), January 28, 2015, " +"<ulink url=\"http://hbr.org/2015/01/the-sharing-economy-isnt-about-sharing-" +"at-all\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2957 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2976 msgid "" "Lisa Gansky, The Mesh: Why the Future of Business Is Sharing, reprint with " "new epilogue (New York: Portfolio, 2012)." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2940 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2959 msgid "" "Conventional wisdom in the marketplace dictates that people should try to " "extract as much money as possible from resources. This is essentially what " "defines so much of the so-called sharing economy. In an article on the " -"Harvard Business Review website called “The Sharing Economy Isn’t about " -"Sharing at All,” authors Giana Eckhardt and Fleura Bardhi explained how the " -"anonymous market-driven trans-actions in most sharing-economy businesses are " -"purely about monetizing access.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> As " -"Lisa Gansky put it in her book The Mesh, the primary strategy of the sharing " -"economy is to sell the same product multiple times, by selling access rather " -"than ownership.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> That is not sharing." +"Harvard Business Review website called <quote>The Sharing Economy Isn’t " +"about Sharing at All,</quote> authors Giana Eckhardt and Fleura Bardhi " +"explained how the anonymous market-driven trans-actions in most sharing-" +"economy businesses are purely about monetizing access.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> As Lisa Gansky put it in her book The Mesh, the " +"primary strategy of the sharing economy is to sell the same product multiple " +"times, by selling access rather than ownership.<placeholder type=\"footnote" +"\" id=\"1\"/> That is not sharing." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2973 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2992 msgid "" -"David Lee, “Inside Medium: An Attempt to Bring Civility to the Internet,” " -"BBC News, March 3, 2016, <ulink url=\"http://www.bbc.com/news/" -"technology-35709680\"/>." +"David Lee, <quote>Inside Medium: An Attempt to Bring Civility to the " +"Internet,</quote> BBC News, March 3, 2016, <ulink url=\"http://www.bbc.com/" +"news/technology-35709680\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2963 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2982 msgid "" "Sharing requires adding as much or more value to the ecosystem than you " "take. You can’t simply treat open content as a free pool of resources from " @@ -4100,7 +4184,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2982 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3001 msgid "" "In all cases, it is important to openly acknowledge the amount of value you " "add versus that which you draw on that was created by others. Being " @@ -4112,28 +4196,28 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2993 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3012 msgid "Involve people in what you do" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2998 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3017 msgid "Anderson, Makers, 148." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3002 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3021 msgid "Shirky, Cognitive Surplus, 164." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3009 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3073 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3028 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3092 msgid "Whitehurst, foreword to Open Organization." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2995 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3014 msgid "" "Thanks to the Internet, we can tap into the talents and expertise of people " "around the globe. Chris Anderson calls it the Long Tail of talent." @@ -4149,12 +4233,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3022 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3041 msgid "Shirky, Cognitive Surplus, 144." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3013 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3032 msgid "" "As the success of Wikipedia demonstrates, editing an online encyclopedia is " "exactly the sort of activity that is perfect for massive co-creation because " @@ -4166,25 +4250,25 @@ msgid "" "\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3034 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><quote><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3053 msgid "Ibid., 154." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3046 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3065 msgid "Palmer, Art of Asking, 163." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3026 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3045 msgid "" "It is easy to romanticize the opportunities for global cocreation made " "possible by the Internet, and, indeed, the successful examples of it are " "truly incredible and inspiring. But in a wide range of circumstances—" "perhaps more often than not—community cocreation is not part of the " "equation, even within endeavors built on CC content. Shirky wrote, " -"“Sometimes the value of professional work trumps the value of amateur " +"<quote>Sometimes the value of professional work trumps the value of amateur " "sharing or a feeling of belonging.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> " "The textbook publisher OpenStax, which distributes all of its material for " "free under CC licensing, is an example of this dynamic. Rather than tapping " @@ -4194,45 +4278,46 @@ msgid "" "community cocreation is only rarely a part of the picture. Even musician " "Amanda Palmer, who is famous for her openness and involvement with her fans, " "said, “The only department where I wasn’t open to input was the writing, the " -"music itself.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" +"music itself.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3057 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3076 msgid "Anderson, Makers, 173." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3064 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3083 msgid "" "Tom Kelley and David Kelley, Creative Confidence: Unleashing the Potential " "within Us All (New York: Crown, 2013), 82." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3050 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3069 msgid "" "While we tend to immediately think of cocreation and remixing when we hear " "the word collaboration, you can also involve others in your creative process " "in more informal ways, by sharing half-baked ideas and early drafts, and " "interacting with the public to incubate ideas and get feedback. So-called " -"“making in public” opens the door to letting people feel more invested in " -"your creative work.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> And it shows a " -"nonterritorial approach to ideas and information. Stephen Covey (of The 7 " -"Habits of Highly Effective People fame) calls this the abundance mentality—" -"treating ideas like something plentiful—and it can create an environment " -"where collaboration flourishes.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" +"<quote>making in public</quote> opens the door to letting people feel more " +"invested in your creative work.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> And " +"it shows a nonterritorial approach to ideas and information. Stephen Covey " +"(of The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People fame) calls this the abundance " +"mentality—treating ideas like something plentiful—and it can create an " +"environment where collaboration flourishes.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" +"\"1\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3081 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3100 msgid "" "Rachel Botsman and Roo Rogers, What’s Mine Is Yours: The Rise of " "Collaborative Consumption (New York: Harper Business, 2010), 188." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3070 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3089 msgid "" "There is no one way to involve people in what you do. They key is finding a " "way for people to contribute on their terms, compelled by their own " @@ -4246,12 +4331,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3090 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3109 msgid "The Creative Commons Licenses" msgstr "Licencje Creative Commons" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3092 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3111 msgid "" "All of the Creative Commons licenses grant a basic set of permissions. At a " "minimum, a CC- licensed work can be copied and shared in its original form " @@ -4266,17 +4351,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3106 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3125 msgid "Here are the six licenses:" msgstr "" -#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><informalfigure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3111 +#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3130 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001930000008D83BF99FC0821C489.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3119 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3128 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3142 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3158 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3170 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3183 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3196 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3216 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3228 +msgid "<placeholder type=\"inlinemediaobject\" id=\"0\"/>" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3135 msgid "" "The Attribution license (CC BY) lets others distribute, remix, tweak, and " "build upon your work, even commercially, as long as they credit you for the " @@ -4284,42 +4381,42 @@ msgid "" "Recommended for maximum dissemination and use of licensed materials." msgstr "" -#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><informalfigure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3128 +#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3144 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001930000008DFD3592CB17C4EC38.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3136 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3149 msgid "" "The Attribution-Share-Alike license (CC BY-SA) lets others remix, tweak, and " "build upon your work, even for commercial purposes, as long as they credit " "you and license their new creations under identical terms. This license is " -"often compared to “copyleft” free and open source software licenses. All new " -"works based on yours will carry the same license, so any derivatives will " -"also allow commercial use." +"often compared to <quote>copyleft</quote> free and open source software " +"licenses. All new works based on yours will carry the same license, so any " +"derivatives will also allow commercial use." msgstr "" -#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><informalfigure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3147 +#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3160 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001930000008D254882DE24793FEA.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3155 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3165 msgid "" "The Attribution-NoDerivs license (CC BY-ND) allows for redistribution, " "commercial and noncommercial, as long as it is passed along unchanged with " "credit to you." msgstr "" -#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><informalfigure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3162 +#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3172 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001930000008DCAF78FB61D1CBDA6.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3170 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3177 msgid "" "The Attribution-NonCommercial license (CC BY-NC) lets others remix, tweak, " "and build upon your work noncommercially. Although their new works must also " @@ -4327,26 +4424,26 @@ msgid "" "same terms." msgstr "" -#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><informalfigure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3178 +#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3185 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001930000008D16DA603376395620.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3186 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3190 msgid "" "The Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license (CC BY-NC-SA) lets others " "remix, tweak, and build upon your work noncommercially, as long as they " "credit you and license their new creations under the same terms." msgstr "" -#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><informalfigure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3194 +#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3198 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001930000008DC3FEF92B21310965.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3202 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3203 msgid "" "The Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs license (CC BY-NC-ND) is the most " "restrictive of our six main licenses, only allowing others to download your " @@ -4355,39 +4452,39 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3209 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3210 msgid "" "In addition to these six licenses, Creative Commons has two public-domain " "tools—one for creators and the other for those who manage collections of " "existing works by authors whose terms of copyright have expired:" msgstr "" -#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><informalfigure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3217 +#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3218 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001900000008DBE3414994CD27786.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3225 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3223 msgid "" "CC0 enables authors and copyright owners to dedicate their works to the " -"worldwide public domain (“no rights reserved”)." +"worldwide public domain (<quote>no rights reserved</quote>)." msgstr "" -#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><informalfigure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3231 +#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3230 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001900000008D36DCD649C5B1411F.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3239 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3235 msgid "" "The Creative Commons Public Domain Mark facilitates the labeling and " "discovery of works that are already free of known copyright restrictions." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3244 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3240 msgid "" "In our case studies, some use just one Creative Commons license, others use " "several. Attribution (found in thirteen case studies) and Attribution-" @@ -4400,7 +4497,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3255 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3251 msgid "" "There is a popular misconception that the three NonCommercial licenses " "offered by CC are the only options for those who want to make money off " @@ -4415,7 +4512,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3269 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3265 msgid "" "The decision to choose a NonCommercial and/or NoDerivs license comes down to " "how much you need to retain control over the creative work. The " @@ -4430,7 +4527,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3282 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3278 msgid "" "Other times the decision to use a more restrictive license is due to a " "concern about the integrity of the work. For example, the nonprofit " @@ -4439,7 +4536,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3289 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3285 msgid "" "There is no one right way. The NonCommercial and NoDerivs restrictions " "reflect the values and preferences of creators about how their creative work " @@ -4453,25 +4550,26 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3301 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3297 msgid "Note" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3304 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3300 msgid "" "For more about the licenses including examples and tips on sharing your work " -"in the digital commons, start with the Creative Commons page called “Share " -"Your Work” at <ulink url=\"http://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/\"/>." +"in the digital commons, start with the Creative Commons page called " +"<quote>Share Your Work</quote> at <ulink url=\"http://creativecommons.org/" +"share-your-work/\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3312 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3308 msgid "The Case Studies" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3315 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3311 msgid "" "The twenty-four case studies in this section were chosen from hundreds of " "nominations received from Kickstarter backers, Creative Commons staff, and " @@ -4483,7 +4581,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3325 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3321 msgid "" "We did background research and conducted interviews for each case study, " "based on the same set of basic questions about the endeavor. The idea for " @@ -4493,24 +4591,24 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3333 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3329 msgid "Arduino" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3336 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3332 msgid "" "Arduino is a for-profit open-source electronics platform and computer " "hardware and software company. Founded in 2005 in Italy." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3341 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3337 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.arduino.cc\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3343 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3339 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for physical " "copies (sales of boards, modules, shields, and kits), licensing a trademark " @@ -4518,38 +4616,38 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3348 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4189 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3344 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4195 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 4, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3351 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3347 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: David Cuartielles and Tom " "Igoe, cofounders" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3355 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4196 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4627 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4868 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5149 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5458 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5968 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6221 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6542 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6893 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7433 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7717 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8181 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8957 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3351 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4202 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4638 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4880 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5162 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5472 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5985 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6239 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6561 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6913 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7457 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7741 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8211 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8992 msgid "Profile written by Paul Stacey" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3359 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3355 msgid "" "In 2005, at the Interaction Design Institute Ivrea in northern Italy, " "teachers and students needed an easy way to use electronics and programming " @@ -4565,7 +4663,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3373 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3369 msgid "" "Arduino boards are able to read inputs—light on a sensor, a finger on a " "button, or a Twitter message—and turn it into outputs—activating a motor, " @@ -4576,29 +4674,30 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3383 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3378 msgid "" -"“The reasons for making Arduino open source are complicated,” Tom says. " -"Partly it was about supporting flexibility. The open-source nature of " -"Arduino empowers users to modify it and create a lot of different " -"variations, adding on top of what the founders build. David says this " -"“ended up strengthening the platform far beyond what we had even thought of " -"building.”" +"<quote>The reasons for making Arduino open source are complicated,</quote> " +"Tom says. Partly it was about supporting flexibility. The open-source nature " +"of Arduino empowers users to modify it and create a lot of different " +"variations, adding on top of what the founders build. David says this " +"<quote>ended up strengthening the platform far beyond what we had even " +"thought of building.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3391 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3387 msgid "" "For Tom another factor was the impending closure of the Ivrea design school. " "He’d seen other organizations close their doors and all their work and " "research just disappear. Open-sourcing ensured that Arduino would outlive " "the Ivrea closure. Persistence is one thing Tom really likes about open " "source. If key people leave, or a company shuts down, an open-source product " -"lives on. In Tom’s view, “Open sourcing makes it easier to trust a product.”" +"lives on. In Tom’s view, <quote>Open sourcing makes it easier to trust a " +"product.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3400 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3397 msgid "" "With the school closing, David and some of the other Arduino founders " "started a consulting firm and multidisciplinary design studio they called " @@ -4609,17 +4708,18 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3409 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3406 msgid "" "For Tom, part of Arduino’s success is because the founders made themselves " "the first customer of their product. They made products they themselves " -"personally wanted. It was a matter of “I need this thing,” not “If we make " -"this, we’ll make a lot of money.” Tom notes that being your own first " -"customer makes you more confident and convincing at selling your product." +"personally wanted. It was a matter of <quote>I need this thing,</quote> not " +"<quote>If we make this, we’ll make a lot of money.</quote> Tom notes that " +"being your own first customer makes you more confident and convincing at " +"selling your product." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3417 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3414 msgid "" "Arduino’s business model has evolved over time—and Tom says model is a " "grandiose term for it. Originally, they just wanted to make a few boards and " @@ -4634,7 +4734,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3431 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3428 msgid "" "Arduino now has a worldwide community of makers—students, hobbyists, " "artists, programmers, and professionals. Arduino provides a wiki called " @@ -4650,7 +4750,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3445 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3442 msgid "" "Transitioning Arduino from a project to a company was a big step. Other " "businesses who made boards were charging a lot of money for them. Arduino " @@ -4661,17 +4761,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3453 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3450 msgid "" "For a business, getting to the end of the year and not being in the red is a " "success. Arduino may have an open-licensing strategy, but they are still a " "business, and all the things needed to successfully run one still apply. " -"David says, “If you do those other things well, sharing things in an open-" -"source way can only help you.”" +"David says, <quote>If you do those other things well, sharing things in an " +"open-source way can only help you.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3461 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3458 msgid "" "While openly licensing the designs, documentation, and software ensures " "longevity, it does have risks. There’s a possibility that others will create " @@ -4685,7 +4785,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3473 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3470 msgid "" "Tom and David say that a lot of people have built companies off of Arduino, " "with dozens of Arduino derivatives out there. But in contrast to closed " @@ -4698,12 +4798,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3493 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3490 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Products\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3484 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3481 msgid "" "Over time, the range of Arduino products has diversified, changing and " "adapting to new needs and challenges. In addition to simple entry level " @@ -4717,21 +4817,22 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3496 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3493 msgid "" "Arduino’s focus is on high-quality boards, well-designed support materials, " "and the building of community; this focus is one of the keys to their " "success. And being open lets you build a real community. David says " "Arduino’s community is a big strength and something that really does matter—" -"in his words, “It’s good business.” When they started, the Arduino team had " -"almost entirely no idea how to build a community. They started by conducting " -"numerous workshops, working directly with people using the platform to make " -"sure the hardware and software worked the way it was meant to work and " -"solved people’s problems. The community grew organically from there." +"in his words, <quote>It’s good business.</quote> When they started, the " +"Arduino team had almost entirely no idea how to build a community. They " +"started by conducting numerous workshops, working directly with people using " +"the platform to make sure the hardware and software worked the way it was " +"meant to work and solved people’s problems. The community grew organically " +"from there." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3509 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3506 msgid "" "A key decision for Arduino was trademarking the name. The founders needed a " "way to guarantee to people that they were buying a quality product from a " @@ -4745,7 +4846,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3521 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3518 msgid "" "Current official manufacturers are Smart Projects in Italy, SparkFun in the " "United States, and Dog Hunter in Taiwan/China. These are the only " @@ -4757,7 +4858,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3531 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3528 msgid "" "How far to open things up wasn’t always something the founders perfectly " "agreed on. David, who was always one to advocate for opening things up more, " @@ -4768,12 +4869,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3552 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3549 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://blog.arduino.cc/2013/07/10/send-in-the-clones/\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3540 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3537 msgid "" "David encourages people and businesses to start by sharing everything as a " "default strategy, and then think about whether there is anything that really " @@ -4781,36 +4882,37 @@ msgid "" "certain elements. This strategy of sharing everything is certainly the " "complete opposite of how today’s world operates, where nothing is shared. " "Tom suggests a business formalize which elements are based on open sharing " -"and which are closed. An Arduino blog post from 2013 entitled “Send In the " -"Clones,” by one of the founders Massimo Banzi, does a great job of " -"explaining the full complexities of how trademarking their brand has played " -"out, distinguishing between official boards and those that are clones, " -"derivatives, compatibles, and counterfeits.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" -"\"0\"/>" +"and which are closed. An Arduino blog post from 2013 entitled <quote>Send In " +"the Clones,</quote> by one of the founders Massimo Banzi, does a great job " +"of explaining the full complexities of how trademarking their brand has " +"played out, distinguishing between official boards and those that are " +"clones, derivatives, compatibles, and counterfeits.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3555 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3552 msgid "" "For David, an exciting aspect of Arduino is the way lots of people can use " "it to adapt technology in many different ways. Technology is always making " "more things possible but doesn’t always focus on making it easy to use and " -"adapt. This is where Arduino steps in. Arduino’s goal is “making things " -"that help other people make things.”" +"adapt. This is where Arduino steps in. Arduino’s goal is <quote>making " +"things that help other people make things.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3563 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3560 msgid "" "Arduino has been hugely successful in making technology and electronics " -"reach a larger audience. For Tom, Arduino has been about “the " -"democratization of technology.” Tom sees Arduino’s open-source strategy as " -"helping the world get over the idea that technology has to be protected. Tom " -"says, “Technology is a literacy everyone should learn.”" +"reach a larger audience. For Tom, Arduino has been about <quote>the " +"democratization of technology.</quote> Tom sees Arduino’s open-source " +"strategy as helping the world get over the idea that technology has to be " +"protected. Tom says, <quote>Technology is a literacy everyone should learn.</" +"quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3571 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3568 msgid "" "Ultimately, for Arduino, going open has been good business—good for product " "development, good for distribution, good for pricing, and good for " @@ -4818,12 +4920,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3577 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3574 msgid "Ártica" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3580 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3577 msgid "" "Ártica provides online courses and consulting services focused on how to use " "digital technology to share knowledge and enable collaboration in arts and " @@ -4831,45 +4933,45 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3585 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3582 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.articaonline.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3587 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3584 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for custom " "services" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3590 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3587 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: March 9, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3592 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3589 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: Mariana Fossatti and " "Jorge Gemetto, cofounders" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3596 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3783 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3975 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4394 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5760 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7204 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7985 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8507 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8728 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9194 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3593 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3784 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3980 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4401 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5774 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7225 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8009 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8537 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8759 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9230 msgid "Profile written by Sarah Hinchliff Pearson" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3600 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3597 msgid "" "The story of Mariana Fossatti and Jorge Gemetto’s business, Ártica, is the " "ultimate example of DIY. Not only are they successful entrepreneurs, the " @@ -4878,12 +4980,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3606 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3603 msgid "Their dream jobs didn’t exist, so they created them." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3609 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3606 msgid "" "In 2011, Mariana was a sociologist working for an international organization " "to develop research and online education about rural-development issues. " @@ -4896,7 +4998,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3621 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3618 msgid "" "Ártica feels like a uniquely twenty-first century business. The small " "company has a global online presence with no physical offices. Jorge and " @@ -4911,30 +5013,31 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3634 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3631 msgid "" "Ártica offers personalized education and consulting services, and helps " "clients implement projects. All of these services are customized. They call " -"it an “artisan” process because of the time and effort it takes to adapt " -"their work for the particular needs of students and clients. “Each student " -"or client is paying for a specific solution to his or her problems and " -"questions,” Mariana said. Rather than sell access to their content, they " -"provide it for free and charge for the personalized services." +"it an <quote>artisan</quote> process because of the time and effort it takes " +"to adapt their work for the particular needs of students and clients. " +"<quote>Each student or client is paying for a specific solution to his or " +"her problems and questions,</quote> Mariana said. Rather than sell access to " +"their content, they provide it for free and charge for the personalized " +"services." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3644 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3642 msgid "" "When they started, they offered a smaller number of courses designed to " -"attract large audiences. “Over the years, we realized that online " -"communities are more specific than we thought,” Mariana said. Ártica now " -"provides more options for classes and has lower enrollment in each course. " -"This means they can provide more attention to individual students and offer " -"classes on more specialized topics." +"attract large audiences. <quote>Over the years, we realized that online " +"communities are more specific than we thought,</quote> Mariana said. Ártica " +"now provides more options for classes and has lower enrollment in each " +"course. This means they can provide more attention to individual students " +"and offer classes on more specialized topics." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3653 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3651 msgid "" "Online courses are their biggest revenue stream, but they also do more than " "a dozen consulting projects each year, ranging from digitization to event " @@ -4944,7 +5047,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3661 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3659 msgid "" "Ártica also seeks out public and private funding for specific projects. " "Sometimes, even if they are unsuccessful in subsidizing a project like a new " @@ -4954,24 +5057,24 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3669 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3667 msgid "" "Ártica relies heavily on their free Creative Commons–licensed content to " "attract new students and clients. Everything they create—online education, " "blog posts, videos—is published under an Attribution-ShareAlike license (CC " -"BY-SA). “We use a ShareAlike license because we want to give the greatest " -"freedom to our students and readers, and we also want that freedom to be " -"viral,” Jorge said. For them, giving others the right to reuse and remix " -"their content is a fundamental value. “How can you offer an online " -"educational service without giving permission to download, make and keep " -"copies, or print the educational resources?” Jorge said. “If we want to do " -"the best for our students—those who trust in us to the point that they are " -"willing to pay online without face-to-face contact—we have to offer them a " -"fair and ethical agreement.”" +"BY-SA). <quote>We use a ShareAlike license because we want to give the " +"greatest freedom to our students and readers, and we also want that freedom " +"to be viral,</quote> Jorge said. For them, giving others the right to reuse " +"and remix their content is a fundamental value. <quote>How can you offer an " +"online educational service without giving permission to download, make and " +"keep copies, or print the educational resources?</quote> Jorge said. " +"<quote>If we want to do the best for our students—those who trust in us to " +"the point that they are willing to pay online without face-to-face contact—" +"we have to offer them a fair and ethical agreement.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3685 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3683 msgid "" "They also believe sharing their ideas and expertise openly helps them build " "their reputation and visibility. People often share and cite their work. A " @@ -4981,36 +5084,38 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3693 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3691 msgid "" "This belief that openness creates new opportunities reflects another belief—" "in serendipity. When describing their process for creating content, they " "spoke of all of the spontaneous and organic ways they find inspiration. " -"“Sometimes, the collaborative process starts with a conversation between us, " -"or with friends from other projects,” Jorge said. “That can be the first " -"step for a new blog post or another simple piece of content, which can " -"evolve to a more complex product in the future, like a course or a book.”" +"<quote>Sometimes, the collaborative process starts with a conversation " +"between us, or with friends from other projects,</quote> Jorge said. " +"<quote>That can be the first step for a new blog post or another simple " +"piece of content, which can evolve to a more complex product in the future, " +"like a course or a book.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3703 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3702 msgid "" "Rather than planning their work in advance, they let their creative process " -"be dynamic. “This doesn’t mean that we don’t need to work hard in order to " -"get good professional results, but the design process is more flexible,” " -"Jorge said. They share early and often, and they adjust based on what they " -"learn, always exploring and testing new ideas and ways of operating. In many " -"ways, for them, the process is just as important as the final product." +"be dynamic. <quote>This doesn’t mean that we don’t need to work hard in " +"order to get good professional results, but the design process is more " +"flexible,</quote> Jorge said. They share early and often, and they adjust " +"based on what they learn, always exploring and testing new ideas and ways of " +"operating. In many ways, for them, the process is just as important as the " +"final product." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> #: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3712 msgid "" -"People and relationships are also just as important, sometimes more. “In the " -"educational and cultural business, it is more important to pay attention to " -"people and process, rather than content or specific formats or materials,” " -"Mariana said. “Materials and content are fluid. The important thing is the " -"relationships.”" +"People and relationships are also just as important, sometimes more. " +"<quote>In the educational and cultural business, it is more important to pay " +"attention to people and process, rather than content or specific formats or " +"materials,</quote> Mariana said. <quote>Materials and content are fluid. " +"The important thing is the relationships.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> @@ -5024,20 +5129,20 @@ msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> #: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3725 msgid "" -"At the core of everything Ártica does is a set of values. “Good content is " -"not enough,” Jorge said. “We also think that it is very important to take a " -"stand for some things in the cultural sector.” Mariana and Jorge are " -"activists. They defend free culture (the movement promoting the freedom to " -"modify and distribute creative work) and work to demonstrate the " -"intersection between free culture and other social-justice movements. Their " -"efforts to involve people in their work and enable artists and cultural " -"institutions to better use technology are all tied closely to their belief " -"system. Ultimately, what drives their work is a mission to democratize art " -"and culture." +"At the core of everything Ártica does is a set of values. <quote>Good " +"content is not enough,</quote> Jorge said. <quote>We also think that it is " +"very important to take a stand for some things in the cultural sector.</" +"quote> Mariana and Jorge are activists. They defend free culture (the " +"movement promoting the freedom to modify and distribute creative work) and " +"work to demonstrate the intersection between free culture and other social-" +"justice movements. Their efforts to involve people in their work and enable " +"artists and cultural institutions to better use technology are all tied " +"closely to their belief system. Ultimately, what drives their work is a " +"mission to democratize art and culture." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3738 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3739 msgid "" "Of course, Ártica also has to make enough money to cover its expenses. Human " "resources are, by far, their biggest expense. They tap a network of " @@ -5050,11 +5155,11 @@ msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> #: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3747 msgid "" -"“There are lots of people offering online courses,” Jorge said. “But it is " -"easy to differentiate us. We have an approach that is very specific and " -"personal.” Ártica’s model is rooted in the personal at every level. For " -"Mariana and Jorge, success means doing what brings them personal meaning and " -"purpose, and doing it sustainably and collaboratively." +"<quote>There are lots of people offering online courses,</quote> Jorge said. " +"<quote>But it is easy to differentiate us. We have an approach that is very " +"specific and personal.</quote> Ártica’s model is rooted in the personal at " +"every level. For Mariana and Jorge, success means doing what brings them " +"personal meaning and purpose, and doing it sustainably and collaboratively." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> @@ -5062,49 +5167,49 @@ msgstr "" msgid "" "In their work with younger artists, Mariana and Jorge try to emphasize that " "this model of success is just as valuable as the picture of success we get " -"from the media. “If they seek only the traditional type of success, they " -"will get frustrated,” Mariana said. “We try to show them another image of " -"what it looks like.”" +"from the media. <quote>If they seek only the traditional type of success, " +"they will get frustrated,</quote> Mariana said. <quote>We try to show them " +"another image of what it looks like.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3763 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3764 msgid "Blender Institute" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3766 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3767 msgid "" "The Blender Institute is an animation studio that creates 3-D films using " "Blender software. Founded in 2006 in the Netherlands." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3771 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3772 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.blender.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3773 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3774 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: crowdfunding " "(subscription-based), charging for physical copies, selling merchandise" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3777 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3778 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: March 8, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3779 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3780 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Francesco Siddi, " "production coordinator" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3787 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3788 msgid "" "For Ton Roosendaal, the creator of Blender software and its related " "entities, sharing is practical. Making their 3-D content creation software " @@ -5117,7 +5222,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3798 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3799 msgid "" "Each open-movie project Blender runs produces a host of openly licensed " "outputs, not just the final film itself but all of the source material as " @@ -5129,16 +5234,16 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3808 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3809 msgid "" "Rather than just talking about the theoretical benefits of sharing and free " "culture, Ton is very much about doing and making free culture. Blender’s " -"production coordinator Francesco Siddi told us, “Ton believes if you don’t " -"make content using your tools, then you’re not doing anything.”" +"production coordinator Francesco Siddi told us, <quote>Ton believes if you " +"don’t make content using your tools, then you’re not doing anything.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3815 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3816 msgid "" "Blender’s history begins in the late 1990s, when Ton created the Blender " "software. Originally, the software was an in-house resource for his " @@ -5151,31 +5256,32 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3826 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3827 msgid "" "This was long before Kickstarter and other online crowdfunding sites " "existed, but Ton ran his own version of a crowdfunding campaign and quickly " "raised the money he needed. The Blender software became freely available for " "anyone to use. Simply applying the General Public License to the software, " "however, was not enough to create a thriving community around it. Francesco " -"told us, “Software of this complexity relies on people and their vision of " -"how people work together. Ton is a fantastic community builder and manager, " -"and he put a lot of work into fostering a community of developers so that " -"the project could live.”" +"told us, <quote>Software of this complexity relies on people and their " +"vision of how people work together. Ton is a fantastic community builder and " +"manager, and he put a lot of work into fostering a community of developers " +"so that the project could live.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3838 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3840 msgid "" "Like any successful free and open-source software project, Blender developed " -"quickly because the community could make fixes and improvements. “Software " -"should be free and open to hack,” Francesco said. “Otherwise, everyone is " -"doing the same thing in the dark for ten years.” Ton set up the Blender " -"Foundation to oversee and steward the software development and maintenance." +"quickly because the community could make fixes and improvements. " +"<quote>Software should be free and open to hack,</quote> Francesco said. " +"<quote>Otherwise, everyone is doing the same thing in the dark for ten years." +"</quote> Ton set up the Blender Foundation to oversee and steward the " +"software development and maintenance." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3846 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3849 msgid "" "After a few years, Ton began looking for new ways to push development of the " "software. He came up with the idea of creating CC-licensed films using the " @@ -5187,18 +5293,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3856 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3859 msgid "" "They turned to crowdfunding to subsidize the costs of the project. They had " "about twenty people working full-time for six to ten months, so the costs " "were significant. Francesco said that when their crowdfunding campaign " -"succeeded, people were astounded. “The idea that making money was possible " -"by producing CC-licensed material was mind-blowing to people,” he said. " -"“They were like, ‘I have to see it to believe it.’”" +"succeeded, people were astounded. <quote>The idea that making money was " +"possible by producing CC-licensed material was mind-blowing to people,</" +"quote> he said. <quote>They were like, <quote>I have to see it to believe " +"it.</quote></quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3865 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3869 msgid "" "The first film, which was released in 2006, was an experiment. It was so " "successful that Ton decided to set up the Blender Institute, an entity " @@ -5208,7 +5315,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3873 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3877 msgid "" "Francesco said that, over time, the Blender Institute projects have gotten " "bigger and more prominent. That means the filmmaking process has become more " @@ -5216,34 +5323,37 @@ msgid "" "Francesco says the process is almost on an industrial scale because of the " "number of moving parts. This requires a lot of specialized assistance, but " "the Blender Institute has no problem finding the talent it needs to help on " -"projects. “Blender hardly does any recruiting for film projects because the " -"talent emerges naturally,” Francesco said. “So many people want to work " -"with us, and we can’t always hire them because of budget constraints.”" +"projects. <quote>Blender hardly does any recruiting for film projects " +"because the talent emerges naturally,</quote> Francesco said. <quote>So many " +"people want to work with us, and we can’t always hire them because of budget " +"constraints.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3886 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3890 msgid "" "Blender has had a lot of success raising money from its community over the " "years. In many ways, the pitch has gotten easier to make. Not only is " "crowdfunding simply more familiar to the public, but people know and trust " "Blender to deliver, and Ton has developed a reputation as an effective " -"community leader and visionary for their work. “There is a whole community " -"who sees and understands the benefit of these projects,” Francesco said." +"community leader and visionary for their work. <quote>There is a whole " +"community who sees and understands the benefit of these projects,</quote> " +"Francesco said." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3895 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3899 msgid "" "While these benefits of each open-movie project make a compelling pitch for " "crowdfunding campaigns, Francesco told us the Blender Institute has found " "some limitations in the standard crowdfunding model where you propose a " -"specific project and ask for funding. “Once a project is over, everyone " -"goes home,” he said. “It is great fun, but then it ends. That is a problem.”" +"specific project and ask for funding. <quote>Once a project is over, " +"everyone goes home,</quote> he said. <quote>It is great fun, but then it " +"ends. That is a problem.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3903 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3908 msgid "" "To make their work more sustainable, they needed a way to receive ongoing " "support rather than on a project-by-project basis. Their solution is Blender " @@ -5260,16 +5370,16 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3918 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3923 msgid "" "The continuous financial support provided by Blender Cloud subsidizes five " "to six full-time employees at the Blender Institute. Francesco says their " -"goal is to grow their subscriber base. “This is our freedom,” he told us, " -"“and for artists, freedom is everything.”" +"goal is to grow their subscriber base. <quote>This is our freedom,</quote> " +"he told us, <quote>and for artists, freedom is everything.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3925 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3930 msgid "" "Blender Cloud is the primary revenue stream of the Blender Institute. The " "Blender Foundation is funded primarily by donations, and that money goes " @@ -5280,7 +5390,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3934 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3939 msgid "" "Ton has worked on projects relating to his Blender software for nearly " "twenty years. Throughout most of that time, he has been committed to making " @@ -5289,78 +5399,79 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3941 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3946 msgid "" "Since 2006, he has been making films available along with all of their " "source material. He says he has hardly ever seen people stepping into " "Blender’s shoes and trying to make money off of their content. Ton believes " "this is because the true value of what they do is in the creative and " -"production process. “Even when you share everything, all your original " +"production process. <quote>Even when you share everything, all your original " "sources, it still takes a lot of talent, skills, time, and budget to " -"reproduce what you did,” Ton said." +"reproduce what you did,</quote> Ton said." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3951 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3956 msgid "For Ton and Blender, it all comes back to doing." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3955 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3960 msgid "Cards Against Humanity" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3958 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3963 msgid "" "Cards Against Humanity is a private, for-profit company that makes a popular " "party game by the same name. Founded in 2011 in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3963 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3968 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.cardsagainsthumanity.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3965 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3970 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for physical " "copies" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3968 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3973 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 3, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3971 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3976 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Max Temkin, cofounder" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3979 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3984 msgid "" "If you ask cofounder Max Temkin, there is nothing particularly interesting " -"about the Cards Against Humanity business model. “We make a product. We sell " -"it for money. Then we spend less money than we make,” Max said." +"about the Cards Against Humanity business model. <quote>We make a product. " +"We sell it for money. Then we spend less money than we make,</quote> Max " +"said." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3985 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3990 msgid "" "He is right. Cards Against Humanity is a simple party game, modeled after " "the game Apples to Apples. To play, one player asks a question or fill-in-" "the-blank statement from a black card, and the other players submit their " "funniest white card in response. The catch is that all of the cards are " "filled with crude, gruesome, and otherwise awful things. For the right kind " -"of people (“horrible people,” according to Cards Against Humanity " -"advertising), this makes for a hilarious and fun game." +"of people (<quote>horrible people,</quote> according to Cards Against " +"Humanity advertising), this makes for a hilarious and fun game." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3995 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4000 msgid "" "The revenue model is simple. Physical copies of the game are sold for a " "profit. And it works. At the time of this writing, Cards Against Humanity is " @@ -5370,7 +5481,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4003 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4008 msgid "" "But Cards Against Humanity is also available for free. Anyone can download a " "digital version of the game on the Cards Against Humanity website. More than " @@ -5379,7 +5490,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4009 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4014 msgid "" "The game is available under an Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license " "(CC BY-NC-SA). That means, in addition to copying the game, anyone can " @@ -5389,7 +5500,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4017 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4022 msgid "" "All together, these factors—the crass tone of the game and company, the free " "download, the openness to fans remixing the game—give the game a massive " @@ -5397,7 +5508,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4022 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4027 msgid "" "Their success is not the result of a grand plan. Instead, Cards Against " "Humanity was the last in a long line of games and comedy projects that Max " @@ -5412,24 +5523,24 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4035 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4040 msgid "" "The game caught on quickly, and it has only grown more popular over time. " "Max says the eight founders never had a meeting where they decided to make " -"it an ongoing business. “It kind of just happened,” he said." +"it an ongoing business. <quote>It kind of just happened,</quote> he said." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4041 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4046 msgid "" -"But this tale of a “happy accident” belies marketing genius. Just like the " -"game, the Cards Against Humanity brand is irreverent and memorable. It is " -"hard to forget a company that calls the FAQ on their website “Your dumb " -"questions.”" +"But this tale of a <quote>happy accident</quote> belies marketing genius. " +"Just like the game, the Cards Against Humanity brand is irreverent and " +"memorable. It is hard to forget a company that calls the FAQ on their " +"website <quote>Your dumb questions.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4047 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4052 msgid "" "Like most quality satire, however, there is more to the joke than vulgarity " "and shock value. The company’s marketing efforts around Black Friday " @@ -5438,41 +5549,42 @@ msgid "" "biggest shopping day of the year. It is an incredibly important day for " "Cards Against Humanity, like it is for all U.S. retailers. Max said they " "struggled with what to do on Black Friday because they didn’t want to " -"support what he called the “orgy of consumerism” the day has become, " -"particularly since it follows a day that is about being grateful for what " -"you have. In 2013, after deliberating, they decided to have an Everything " -"Costs $5 More sale." +"support what he called the <quote>orgy of consumerism</quote> the day has " +"become, particularly since it follows a day that is about being grateful for " +"what you have. In 2013, after deliberating, they decided to have an " +"Everything Costs $5 More sale." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4061 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4065 msgid "" -"“We sweated it out the night before Black Friday, wondering if our fans were " -"going to hate us for it,” he said. “But it made us laugh so we went with it. " -"People totally caught the joke.”" +"<quote>We sweated it out the night before Black Friday, wondering if our " +"fans were going to hate us for it,</quote> he said. <quote>But it made us " +"laugh so we went with it. People totally caught the joke.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4066 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4071 msgid "" "This sort of bold transparency delights the media, but more importantly, it " -"engages their fans. “One of the most surprising things you can do in " -"capitalism is just be honest with people,” Max said. “It shocks people that " -"there is transparency about what you are doing.”" +"engages their fans. <quote>One of the most surprising things you can do in " +"capitalism is just be honest with people,</quote> Max said. <quote>It shocks " +"people that there is transparency about what you are doing.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4073 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4078 msgid "" -"Max also likened it to a grand improv scene. “If we do something a little " -"subversive and unexpected, the public wants to be a part of the joke.” One " -"year they did a Give Cards Against Humanity $5 event, where people literally " -"paid them five dollars for no reason. Their fans wanted to make the joke " -"funnier by making it successful. They made $70,000 in a single day." +"Max also likened it to a grand improv scene. <quote>If we do something a " +"little subversive and unexpected, the public wants to be a part of the joke." +"</quote> One year they did a Give Cards Against Humanity $5 event, where " +"people literally paid them five dollars for no reason. Their fans wanted to " +"make the joke funnier by making it successful. They made $70,000 in a single " +"day." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4081 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4086 msgid "" "This remarkable trust they have in their customers is what inspired their " "decision to apply a Creative Commons license to the game. Trusting your " @@ -5480,14 +5592,14 @@ msgid "" "Against Humanity obviously isn’t afraid of doing the unexpected, but there " "are lines even they do not want to cross. Before applying the license, Max " "said they worried that some fans would adapt the game to include all of the " -"jokes they intentionally never made because they crossed that line. “It " -"happened, and the world didn’t end,” Max said. “If that is the worst cost of " -"using CC, I’d pay that a hundred times over because there are so many " -"benefits.”" +"jokes they intentionally never made because they crossed that line. " +"<quote>It happened, and the world didn’t end,</quote> Max said. <quote>If " +"that is the worst cost of using CC, I’d pay that a hundred times over " +"because there are so many benefits.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4094 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4099 msgid "" "Any successful product inspires its biggest fans to create remixes of it, " "but unsanctioned adaptations are more likely to fly under the radar. The " @@ -5497,43 +5609,44 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4102 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4107 msgid "" -"Max said, “CC was a no-brainer for us because it gets the most people " +"Max said, <quote>CC was a no-brainer for us because it gets the most people " "involved. Making the game free and available under a CC license led to the " "unbelievable situation where we are one of the best-marketed games in the " -"world, and we have never spent a dime on marketing.”" +"world, and we have never spent a dime on marketing.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4109 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4114 msgid "" "Of course, there are limits to what the company allows its customers to do " "with the game. They chose the Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license " "because it restricts people from using the game to make money. It also " "requires that adaptations of the game be made available under the same " "licensing terms if they are shared publicly. Cards Against Humanity also " -"polices its brand. “We feel like we’re the only ones who can use our brand " -"and our game and make money off of it,” Max said. About 99.9 percent of the " -"time, they just send an email to those making commercial use of the game, " -"and that is the end of it. There have only been a handful of instances where " -"they had to get a lawyer involved." +"polices its brand. <quote>We feel like we’re the only ones who can use our " +"brand and our game and make money off of it,</quote> Max said. About 99.9 " +"percent of the time, they just send an email to those making commercial use " +"of the game, and that is the end of it. There have only been a handful of " +"instances where they had to get a lawyer involved." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4123 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4128 msgid "" "Just as there is more than meets the eye to the Cards Against Humanity " "business model, the same can be said of the game itself. To be playable, " "every white card has to work syntactically with enough black cards. The " "eight creators invest an incredible amount of work into creating new cards " -"for the game. “We have daylong arguments about commas,” Max said. “The " -"slacker tone of the cards gives people the impression that it is easy to " -"write them, but it is actually a lot of work and quibbling.”" +"for the game. <quote>We have daylong arguments about commas,</quote> Max " +"said. <quote>The slacker tone of the cards gives people the impression that " +"it is easy to write them, but it is actually a lot of work and quibbling.</" +"quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4133 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4139 msgid "" "That means cocreation with their fans really doesn’t work. The company has a " "submission mechanism on their website, and they get thousands of " @@ -5546,27 +5659,28 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4144 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4150 msgid "" "For all of their success, the creators of Cards Against Humanity are only " "partially motivated by money. Max says they have always been interested in " -"the Walt Disney philosophy of financial success. “We don’t make jokes and " -"games to make money—we make money so we can make more jokes and games,” he " -"said." +"the Walt Disney philosophy of financial success. <quote>We don’t make jokes " +"and games to make money—we make money so we can make more jokes and games,</" +"quote> he said." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4151 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4157 msgid "" "In fact, the company has given more than $4 million to various charities and " -"causes. “Cards is not our life plan,” Max said. “We all have other interests " -"and hobbies. We are passionate about other things going on in our lives. A " -"lot of the activism we have done comes out of us taking things from the rest " -"of our lives and channeling some of the excitement from the game into it.”" +"causes. <quote>Cards is not our life plan,</quote> Max said. <quote>We all " +"have other interests and hobbies. We are passionate about other things going " +"on in our lives. A lot of the activism we have done comes out of us taking " +"things from the rest of our lives and channeling some of the excitement from " +"the game into it.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4159 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4166 msgid "" "Seeing money as fuel rather than the ultimate goal is what has enabled them " "to embrace Creative Commons licensing without reservation. CC licensing " @@ -5576,21 +5690,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4167 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4173 msgid "" -"“It’s not right for everyone to release everything under CC licensing,” Max " -"said. “If your only goal is to make a lot of money, then CC is not best " -"strategy. This kind of business model, though, speaks to your values, and " -"who you are and why you’re making things.”" +"<quote>It’s not right for everyone to release everything under CC licensing," +"</quote> Max said. <quote>If your only goal is to make a lot of money, then " +"CC is not best strategy. This kind of business model, though, speaks to your " +"values, and who you are and why you’re making things.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4175 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4181 msgid "The Conversation" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4178 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4184 msgid "" "The Conversation is an independent source of news, sourced from the academic " "and research community and delivered direct to the public over the Internet. " @@ -5598,12 +5712,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4183 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4189 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://theconversation.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4185 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4191 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging content " "creators (universities pay membership fees to have their faculties serve as " @@ -5611,13 +5725,13 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4192 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4198 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Andrew Jaspan, founder" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4200 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4206 msgid "" "Andrew Jaspan spent years as an editor of major newspapers including the " "Observer in London, the Sunday Herald in Glasgow, and the Age in Melbourne, " @@ -5628,7 +5742,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4210 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4216 msgid "" "Around the time he left his job as editor of the Melbourne Age, Andrew " "wondered where citizens would get news grounded in fact and evidence rather " @@ -5638,7 +5752,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4217 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4223 msgid "" "While at the Age, he’d become friends with a vice-chancellor of a university " "in Melbourne who encouraged him to talk to smart people across campus—an " @@ -5659,7 +5773,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4238 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4244 msgid "" "Andrew believed he could to help connect academics back into the public " "arena, and maybe help society find solutions to big problems. He thought " @@ -5674,7 +5788,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4251 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4257 msgid "" "The people he spoke to liked this idea, and Andrew embarked on raising money " "and support with the help of the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial " @@ -5688,7 +5802,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4264 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4270 msgid "" "The Conversation is founded on the belief that underpinning a functioning " "democracy is access to independent, high-quality, informative journalism. " @@ -5700,12 +5814,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4277 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4283 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://theconversation.com/us/charter\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4275 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4281 msgid "" "Andrew worked hard to reinvent a methodology for creating reliable, credible " "content. He introduced strict new working practices, a charter, and codes of " @@ -5722,7 +5836,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4290 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4296 msgid "" "Creative Commons help with these goals; articles are published with the " "Attribution- NoDerivs license (CC BY-ND). They’re freely available for " @@ -5736,7 +5850,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4302 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4308 msgid "" "When readers come across the Conversation, they seem to like what they find " "and recommend it to their friends, peers, and networks. Readership has " @@ -5746,7 +5860,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4310 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4316 msgid "" "It’s usual for the founders of any company to ask themselves what kind of " "company it should be. It quickly became clear to the founders of the " @@ -5757,7 +5871,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4319 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4325 msgid "" "There are now different editions of the Conversation for Africa, the United " "Kingdom, France, and the United States, in addition to the one for " @@ -5769,7 +5883,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4329 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4335 msgid "" "Additionally, each edition has its own set of founding partners, strategic " "partners, and funders. They’ve received funding from foundations, " @@ -5780,17 +5894,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4338 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4344 msgid "" "When professors from member universities write an article, there is some " "branding of the university associated with the article. On the Conversation " -"website, paying university members are listed as “members and funders.” " -"Early participants may be designated as “founding members,” with seats on " -"the editorial advisory board." +"website, paying university members are listed as <quote>members and funders." +"</quote> Early participants may be designated as <quote>founding members,</" +"quote> with seats on the editorial advisory board." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4345 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4352 msgid "" "Academics are not paid for their contributions, but they get free editing " "from a professional (four to five hours per piece, on average). They also " @@ -5802,7 +5916,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4355 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4362 msgid "" "The Conversation plans to expand the dashboard to show not just reach but " "impact. This tracks activities, behaviors, and events that occurred as a " @@ -5812,7 +5926,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4363 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4370 msgid "" "These reach and impact metrics show the benefits of membership. With the " "Conversation, universities can engage with the public and show why they’re " @@ -5820,59 +5934,59 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4368 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4375 msgid "" -"With its tagline, “Academic Rigor, Journalistic Flair,” the Conversation " -"represents a new form of journalism that contributes to a more informed " -"citizenry and improved democracy around the world. Its open business model " -"and use of Creative Commons show how it’s possible to generate both a public " -"good and operational revenue at the same time." +"With its tagline, <quote>Academic Rigor, Journalistic Flair,</quote> the " +"Conversation represents a new form of journalism that contributes to a more " +"informed citizenry and improved democracy around the world. Its open " +"business model and use of Creative Commons show how it’s possible to " +"generate both a public good and operational revenue at the same time." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4377 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4384 msgid "Cory Doctorow" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4380 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4387 msgid "" "Cory Doctorow is a science fiction writer, activist, blogger, and " "journalist. Based in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4383 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4390 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://craphound.com\"/> and <ulink url=\"http://boingboing.net" "\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4386 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4393 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for physical " "copies (book sales), pay-what-you-want, selling translation rights to books" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4390 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4397 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: January 12, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4398 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4405 msgid "" -"Cory Doctorow hates the term “business model,” and he is adamant that he is " -"not a brand. “To me, branding is the idea that you can take a thing that has " -"certain qualities, remove the qualities, and go on selling it,” he said. " -"“I’m not out there trying to figure out how to be a brand. I’m doing this " -"thing that animates me to work crazy insane hours because it’s the most " -"important thing I know how to do.”" +"Cory Doctorow hates the term <quote>business model,</quote> and he is " +"adamant that he is not a brand. <quote>To me, branding is the idea that you " +"can take a thing that has certain qualities, remove the qualities, and go on " +"selling it,</quote> he said. <quote>I’m not out there trying to figure out " +"how to be a brand. I’m doing this thing that animates me to work crazy " +"insane hours because it’s the most important thing I know how to do.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4407 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4414 msgid "" "Cory calls himself an entrepreneur. He likes to say his success came from " "making stuff people happened to like and then getting out of the way of them " @@ -5880,7 +5994,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4412 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4419 msgid "" "He is a science fiction writer, activist, blogger, and journalist. " "Beginning with his first novel, Down and Out in the Magic Kingdom, in 2003, " @@ -5892,7 +6006,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4423 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4430 msgid "" "Cory primarily makes money by selling physical books, but he also takes on " "paid speaking gigs and is experimenting with pay-what-you-want models for " @@ -5900,7 +6014,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4428 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4435 msgid "" "While Cory’s extensive body of fiction work has a large following, he is " "just as well known for his activism. He is an outspoken opponent of " @@ -5910,68 +6024,70 @@ msgid "" "Foundation, where he is involved in a lawsuit challenging the U.S. law that " "protects DRM. Cory says his political work doesn’t directly make him money, " "but if he gave it up, he thinks he would lose credibility and, more " -"importantly, lose the drive that propels him to create. “My political work " -"is a different expression of the same artistic-political urge,” he said. “I " -"have this suspicion that if I gave up the things that didn’t make me money, " -"the genuineness would leach out of what I do, and the quality that causes " -"people to like what I do would be gone.”" +"importantly, lose the drive that propels him to create. <quote>My political " +"work is a different expression of the same artistic-political urge,</quote> " +"he said. <quote>I have this suspicion that if I gave up the things that " +"didn’t make me money, the genuineness would leach out of what I do, and the " +"quality that causes people to like what I do would be gone.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4445 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4452 msgid "" "Cory has been financially successful, but money is not his primary " "motivation. At the start of his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, he " "stresses how important it is not to become an artist if your goal is to get " -"rich. “Entering the arts because you want to get rich is like buying lottery " -"tickets because you want to get rich,” he wrote. “It might work, but it " -"almost certainly won’t. Though, of course, someone always wins the " -"lottery.” He acknowledges that he is one of the lucky few to “make it,” but " -"he says he would be writing no matter what. “I am compelled to write,” he " -"wrote. “Long before I wrote to keep myself fed and sheltered, I was writing " -"to keep myself sane.”" +"rich. <quote>Entering the arts because you want to get rich is like buying " +"lottery tickets because you want to get rich,</quote> he wrote. <quote>It " +"might work, but it almost certainly won’t. Though, of course, someone always " +"wins the lottery.</quote> He acknowledges that he is one of the lucky few to " +"<quote>make it,</quote> but he says he would be writing no matter what. " +"<quote>I am compelled to write,</quote> he wrote. <quote>Long before I " +"wrote to keep myself fed and sheltered, I was writing to keep myself sane.</" +"quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4458 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4466 msgid "" "Just as money is not his primary motivation to create, money is not his " "primary motivation to share. For Cory, sharing his work with Creative " -"Commons is a moral imperative. “It felt morally right,” he said of his " -"decision to adopt Creative Commons licenses. “I felt like I wasn’t " -"contributing to the culture of surveillance and censorship that has been " -"created to try to stop copying.” In other words, using CC licenses " -"symbolizes his worldview." +"Commons is a moral imperative. <quote>It felt morally right,</quote> he said " +"of his decision to adopt Creative Commons licenses. <quote>I felt like I " +"wasn’t contributing to the culture of surveillance and censorship that has " +"been created to try to stop copying.</quote> In other words, using CC " +"licenses symbolizes his worldview." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4468 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4476 msgid "" "He also feels like there is a solid commercial basis for licensing his work " "with Creative Commons. While he acknowledges he hasn’t been able to do a " "controlled experiment to compare the commercial benefits of licensing with " "CC against reserving all rights, he thinks he has sold more books using a CC " "license than he would have without it. Cory says his goal is to convince " -"people they should pay him for his work. “I started by not calling them " -"thieves,” he said." +"people they should pay him for his work. <quote>I started by not calling " +"them thieves,</quote> he said." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4478 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4486 msgid "" "Cory started using CC licenses soon after they were first created. At the " "time his first novel came out, he says the science fiction genre was overrun " "with people scanning and downloading books without permission. When he and " "his publisher took a closer look at who was doing that sort of thing online, " -"they realized it looked a lot like book promotion. “I knew there was a " +"they realized it looked a lot like book promotion. <quote>I knew there was a " "relationship between having enthusiastic readers and having a successful " -"career as a writer,” he said. “At the time, it took eighty hours to OCR a " -"book, which is a big effort. I decided to spare them the time and energy, " -"and give them the book for free in a format destined to spread.”" +"career as a writer,</quote> he said. <quote>At the time, it took eighty " +"hours to OCR a book, which is a big effort. I decided to spare them the time " +"and energy, and give them the book for free in a format destined to spread.</" +"quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4491 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4499 msgid "" "Cory admits the stakes were pretty low for him when he first adopted " "Creative Commons licenses. He only had to sell two thousand copies of his " @@ -5981,33 +6097,34 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4499 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4507 msgid "" "The bottom line, Cory says, is that no one has found a way to prevent people " "from copying the stuff they like. Rather than fighting the tide, Cory makes " -"his work intrinsically shareable. “Getting the hell out of the way for " -"people who want to share their love of you with other people sounds obvious, " -"but it’s remarkable how many people don’t do it,” he said." +"his work intrinsically shareable. <quote>Getting the hell out of the way " +"for people who want to share their love of you with other people sounds " +"obvious, but it’s remarkable how many people don’t do it,</quote> he said." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4507 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4515 msgid "" "Making his work available under Creative Commons licenses enables him to " -"view his biggest fans as his ambassadors. “Being open to fan activity makes " -"you part of the conversation about what fans do with your work and how they " -"interact with it,” he said. Cory’s own website routinely highlights cool " -"things his audience has done with his work. Unlike corporations like Disney " -"that tend to have a hands-off relationship with their fan activity, he has a " -"symbiotic relationship with his audience. “Engaging with your audience can’t " -"guarantee you success,” he said. “And Disney is an example of being able to " -"remain aloof and still being the most successful company in the creative " -"industry in history. But I figure my likelihood of being Disney is pretty " -"slim, so I should take all the help I can get.”" +"view his biggest fans as his ambassadors. <quote>Being open to fan activity " +"makes you part of the conversation about what fans do with your work and how " +"they interact with it,</quote> he said. Cory’s own website routinely " +"highlights cool things his audience has done with his work. Unlike " +"corporations like Disney that tend to have a hands-off relationship with " +"their fan activity, he has a symbiotic relationship with his audience. " +"<quote>Engaging with your audience can’t guarantee you success,</quote> he " +"said. <quote>And Disney is an example of being able to remain aloof and " +"still being the most successful company in the creative industry in history. " +"But I figure my likelihood of being Disney is pretty slim, so I should take " +"all the help I can get.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4522 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4530 msgid "" "His first book was published under the most restrictive Creative Commons " "license, Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC BY-NC-ND). It allows only " @@ -6023,7 +6140,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4537 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4545 msgid "" "In his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, Cory likens his philosophy " "to thinking like a dandelion. Dandelions produce thousands of seeds each " @@ -6031,40 +6148,41 @@ msgid "" "strategy is to maximize the number of blind chances the dandelion has for " "continuing its genetic line. Similarly, he says there are lots of people out " "there who may want to buy creative work or compensate authors for it in some " -"other way. “The more places your work can find itself, the greater the " +"other way. <quote>The more places your work can find itself, the greater the " "likelihood that it will find one of those would-be customers in some " -"unsuspected crack in the metaphorical pavement,” he wrote. “The copies that " -"others make of my work cost me nothing, and present the possibility that " -"I’ll get something.”" +"unsuspected crack in the metaphorical pavement,</quote> he wrote. <quote>The " +"copies that others make of my work cost me nothing, and present the " +"possibility that I’ll get something.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4551 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4560 msgid "" "Applying a CC license to his work increases the chances it will be shared " "more widely around the Web. He avoids DRM—and openly opposes the practice—" "for similar reasons. DRM has the effect of tying a work to a particular " "platform. This digital lock, in turn, strips the authors of control over " "their own work and hands that control over to the platform. He calls it " -"Cory’s First Law: “Anytime someone puts a lock on something that belongs to " -"you and won’t give you the key, that lock isn’t there for your benefit.”" +"Cory’s First Law: <quote>Anytime someone puts a lock on something that " +"belongs to you and won’t give you the key, that lock isn’t there for your " +"benefit.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4561 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4571 msgid "" "Cory operates under the premise that artists benefit when there are more, " "rather than fewer, places where people can access their work. The Internet " -"has opened up those avenues, but DRM is designed to limit them. “On the one " -"hand, we can credibly make our work available to a widely dispersed " -"audience,” he said. “On the other hand, the intermediaries we historically " -"sold to are making it harder to go around them.” Cory continually looks for " -"ways to reach his audience without relying upon major platforms that will " -"try to take control over his work." +"has opened up those avenues, but DRM is designed to limit them. <quote>On " +"the one hand, we can credibly make our work available to a widely dispersed " +"audience,</quote> he said. <quote>On the other hand, the intermediaries we " +"historically sold to are making it harder to go around them.</quote> Cory " +"continually looks for ways to reach his audience without relying upon major " +"platforms that will try to take control over his work." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4572 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4582 msgid "" "Cory says his e-book sales have been lower than those of his competitors, " "and he attributes some of that to the CC license making the work available " @@ -6077,40 +6195,40 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4583 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4593 msgid "" "Fans are particularly willing to pay when they feel personally connected to " "the artist. Cory works hard to create that personal connection. One way he " -"does this is by personally answering every single email he gets. “If you " -"look at the history of artists, most die in penury,” he said. “That reality " -"means that for artists, we have to find ways to support ourselves when " -"public tastes shift, when copyright stops producing. Future-proofing your " -"artistic career in many ways means figuring out how to stay connected to " -"those people who have been touched by your work.”" +"does this is by personally answering every single email he gets. <quote>If " +"you look at the history of artists, most die in penury,</quote> he said. " +"<quote>That reality means that for artists, we have to find ways to support " +"ourselves when public tastes shift, when copyright stops producing. Future-" +"proofing your artistic career in many ways means figuring out how to stay " +"connected to those people who have been touched by your work.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4594 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4605 msgid "" "Cory’s realism about the difficulty of making a living in the arts does not " "reflect pessimism about the Internet age. Instead, he says the fact that it " "is hard to make a living as an artist is nothing new. What is new, he writes " -"in his book, “is how many ways there are to make things, and to get them " -"into other people’s hands and minds.”" +"in his book, <quote>is how many ways there are to make things, and to get " +"them into other people’s hands and minds.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4602 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4613 msgid "It has never been easier to think like a dandelion." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4606 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4617 msgid "Figshare" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4609 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4620 msgid "" "Figshare is a for-profit company offering an online repository where " "researchers can preserve and share the output of their research, including " @@ -6118,29 +6236,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4615 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4626 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://figshare.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4617 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4628 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: platform providing paid " "services to creators" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4620 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4631 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: January 28, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4623 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4634 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Mark Hahnel, founder" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4631 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4642 msgid "" "Figshare’s mission is to change the face of academic publishing through " "improved dissemination, discoverability, and reusability of scholarly " @@ -6153,7 +6271,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4642 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4653 msgid "" "Figshare founder Mark Hahnel often gets asked: How do you make money? How do " "we know you’ll be here in five years? Can you, as a for-profit venture, be " @@ -6161,7 +6279,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4647 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4658 msgid "" "Mark traces the origins of Figshare back to when he was a graduate student " "getting his PhD in stem cell biology. His research involved working with " @@ -6172,7 +6290,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4656 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4667 msgid "" "Mark does not consider himself an advanced software programmer. " "Fortunately, things like cloud-based computing and wikis had become " @@ -6181,7 +6299,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4663 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4674 msgid "" "There were two key needs: licenses to make the data citable, and persistent " "identifiers— URL links that always point back to the original object " @@ -6189,7 +6307,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4669 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4680 msgid "" "Mark chose Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs) to meet the need for a " "persistent identifier. In the DOI system, an object’s metadata is stored as " @@ -6200,7 +6318,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4678 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4689 msgid "" "As for licenses, Mark chose Creative Commons. The open-access and open-" "science communities were already using and recommending Creative Commons. " @@ -6210,7 +6328,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4686 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4697 msgid "" "So Mark began using DOIs and Creative Commons for his own research work. He " "had a science blog where he wrote about it and made all his data open. " @@ -6219,7 +6337,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4692 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4703 msgid "" "People liked the interface and simple upload process. People started asking " "if they could also share theses, grant proposals, and code. Inclusion of " @@ -6229,7 +6347,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4700 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4711 msgid "" "Mark sought investment to make this into a scalable product. After a few " "unsuccessful funding pitches, UK-based Digital Science expressed interest " @@ -6238,7 +6356,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4707 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4718 msgid "" "Under the freemium model, academics upload their research to Figshare for " "storage and sharing for free. Each research object is licensed with Creative " @@ -6246,12 +6364,12 @@ msgid "" "fee for gigabytes of private storage space, and for private online space " "designed for a set number of research collaborators, which is ideal for " "larger teams and geographically dispersed research groups. Figshare sums up " -"its value proposition to researchers as “You retain ownership. You license " -"it. You get credit. We just make sure it persists.”" +"its value proposition to researchers as <quote>You retain ownership. You " +"license it. You get credit. We just make sure it persists.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4718 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4730 msgid "" "In January 2012, Figshare was launched. (The fig in Figshare stands for " "figures.) Using investment funds, Mark made significant improvements to " @@ -6263,7 +6381,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4728 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4740 msgid "" "Figshare diversified its business model to include services for journals. " "Figshare began hosting large amounts of data for the journals’ online " @@ -6279,7 +6397,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4742 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4754 msgid "" "Governments allocate significant public funds to research. In parallel with " "the launch of Figshare, governments around the world began requesting the " @@ -6291,7 +6409,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4752 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4764 msgid "" "Figshare now offers a range of fee-based services to institutions, including " "their own minibranded Figshare space (called Figshare for Institutions) that " @@ -6303,7 +6421,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4762 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4774 msgid "" "As with researchers and publishers, Fig-share encouraged institutions to " "share their research with CC BY (Attribution) and their data with CC0 (into " @@ -6317,7 +6435,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4775 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4787 msgid "" "For Mark this created a conflict. On the one hand, the principles and " "benefits of open science are at the heart of Figshare, and Mark believes CC " @@ -6329,7 +6447,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4785 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4797 msgid "" "Mark is thinking of doing a Figshare study that tracks research " "dissemination according to Creative Commons license, and gathering metrics " @@ -6340,21 +6458,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4798 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4810 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://figshare.com/articles/" "Journal_subscription_costs_FOIs_to_UK_universities/1186832\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4801 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4813 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://retr0.shinyapps.io/journal_costs/?year=2014&" "inst=19,22,38,42,59,64,80,95,136\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4793 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4805 msgid "" "Figshare has an Application Programming Interface (API) that makes it " "possible for data to be pulled from Figshare and used in other applications. " @@ -6368,7 +6486,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4804 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4816 msgid "" "The free version of Figshare has built a community of academics, who through " "word of mouth and presentations have promoted and spread awareness of " @@ -6381,12 +6499,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4819 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4831 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://figshare.com/features\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4815 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4827 msgid "" "Mark says his success is partly about being in the right place at the right " "time. He also believes that the diversification of Figshare’s model over " @@ -6400,7 +6518,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4826 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4838 msgid "" "Today Figshare has 26 million–plus page views, 7.5 million–plus downloads, " "800,000–plus user uploads, 2 million–plus articles, 500,000-plus " @@ -6410,7 +6528,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4834 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4846 msgid "" "Figshare uses the revenue it generates from the premium subscribers, journal " "publishers, and institutions to fund and expand what it can offer to " @@ -6425,12 +6543,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4849 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4861 msgid "Figure.NZ" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4852 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4864 msgid "" "Figure.NZ is a nonprofit charity that makes an online data platform designed " "to make data reusable and easy to understand. Founded in 2012 in New " @@ -6438,37 +6556,37 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4857 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4869 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://figure.nz\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4859 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4871 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: platform providing paid " "services to creators, donations, sponsorships" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4862 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4874 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: May 3, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4864 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4876 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Lillian Grace, founder" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4873 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4885 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.nzdatafutures.org.nz/sites/default/files/" "NZDFF_harness-the-power.pdf\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4872 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4884 msgid "" "In the paper Harnessing the Economic and Social Power of Data presented at " "the New Zealand Data Futures Forum in 2014,<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" @@ -6489,20 +6607,20 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4891 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4903 msgid "" "Lillian had the idea for Figure.NZ in February 2012 while working for the " "New Zealand Institute, a think tank concerned with improving economic " "prosperity, social well-being, environmental quality, and environmental " "productivity for New Zealand and New Zealanders. While giving talks to " -"community and business groups, Lillian realized “every single issue we " +"community and business groups, Lillian realized <quote>every single issue we " "addressed would have been easier to deal with if more people understood the " -"basic facts.” But understanding the basic facts sometimes requires data and " -"research that you often have to pay for." +"basic facts.</quote> But understanding the basic facts sometimes requires " +"data and research that you often have to pay for." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4902 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4914 msgid "" "Lillian began to imagine a website that lifted data up to a visual form that " "could be easily understood and freely accessed. Initially launched as Wiki " @@ -6517,7 +6635,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4916 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4928 msgid "" "Here’s how it works. Figure.NZ sources data from other organizations, " "including corporations, public repositories, government departments, and " @@ -6535,14 +6653,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4942 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4954 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.ict.govt.nz/guidance-and-resources/open-government/" "new-zealand-government-open-access-and-licensing-nzgoal-framework/\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4933 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4945 msgid "" "Lillian characterizes the initial decision to use Creative Commons as " "naively fortunate. It was first recommended to her by a colleague. Lillian " @@ -6560,7 +6678,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4949 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4961 msgid "" "Lillian thinks current ideas of what a business is are relatively new, only " "a hundred years old or so. She’s convinced that twenty years from now, we " @@ -6575,7 +6693,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4962 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4974 msgid "" "Although Figure.NZ is a social enterprise that openly licenses their data " "and graphs for everyone to use for free, they have taken care not to be " @@ -6595,7 +6713,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4981 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4993 msgid "" "Figure.NZ spends a lot of time seeking to understand the motivations of data " "collectors and to identify the channels where it can provide value. Every " @@ -6604,7 +6722,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4987 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4999 msgid "" "Figure.NZ has multiple lines of business. They provide commercial services " "to organizations that want their data publicly available and want to use " @@ -6621,27 +6739,27 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5003 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5015 msgid "" "Lillian notes that the current state of most data is terrible and often not " "well understood by the people who have it. This sometimes makes it difficult " "for customers and Figure.NZ to figure out what it would cost to import, " "standardize, and display that data in a useful way. To deal with this, " -"Figure.NZ uses “high-trust contracts,” where customers allocate a certain " -"budget to the task that Figure.NZ is then free to draw from, as long as " -"Figure.NZ frequently reports on what they’ve produced so the customer can " -"determine the value for money. This strategy has helped build trust and " -"transparency about the level of effort associated with doing work that has " -"never been done before." +"Figure.NZ uses <quote>high-trust contracts,</quote> where customers allocate " +"a certain budget to the task that Figure.NZ is then free to draw from, as " +"long as Figure.NZ frequently reports on what they’ve produced so the " +"customer can determine the value for money. This strategy has helped build " +"trust and transparency about the level of effort associated with doing work " +"that has never been done before." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5021 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5034 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://figure.nz/business/\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5016 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5029 msgid "" "A second line of business is what Figure.NZ calls partners. ASB Bank and " "Statistics New Zealand are partners who back Figure.NZ’s efforts. As one " @@ -6651,12 +6769,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5024 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5037 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://figure.nz/patrons/\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5024 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5037 msgid "" "Figure.NZ also has patrons.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Patrons " "donate to topic areas they care about, directly enabling Figure.NZ to get " @@ -6665,7 +6783,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5030 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5043 msgid "" "Figure.NZ also accepts philanthropic donations, which are used to provide " "more content, extend technology, and improve services, or are targeted to " @@ -6674,7 +6792,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5036 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5049 msgid "" "Figure.NZ has morphed and grown over time. With data aggregation, curation, " "and visualizing services all in-house, Figure.NZ has developed a deep " @@ -6688,7 +6806,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5048 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5061 msgid "" "Figure.NZ’s website displays visuals and data associated with a wide range " "of categories including crime, economy, education, employment, energy, " @@ -6700,7 +6818,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5058 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5071 msgid "" "Figure.NZ believes data and visuals should be useful. They provide their " "customers with a data collection template and teach them why it’s important " @@ -6715,7 +6833,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5072 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5085 msgid "" "Lillian has a deep and profound vision for Figure.NZ that goes well beyond " "simply providing open-data services. She says things are different now. “We " @@ -6726,7 +6844,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5081 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5094 msgid "" "“But now we live in a world where it’s really easy to share information " "widely and also to communicate widely. In the world we live in now, the best " @@ -6734,7 +6852,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5087 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5100 msgid "" "“The use of numbers and data as a way of making well-informed decisions is " "one of the areas where there is the biggest gaps. We don’t really use " @@ -6742,7 +6860,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5093 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5106 msgid "" "“Part of the reason is the way data is spread across hundreds of sites. In " "addition, for the most part, deep thinking based on data is constrained to " @@ -6755,7 +6873,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5104 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5117 msgid "" "“Figure.NZ may be the first organization to assert that everyone can use " "numbers in their thinking, and it’s built a technological platform along " @@ -6764,33 +6882,34 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5111 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5124 msgid "" -"“Figure.NZ sees this as a new kind of alphabet that can help people analyze " -"what they see around them. A way to be thoughtful and informed about " +"<quote>Figure.NZ sees this as a new kind of alphabet that can help people " +"analyze what they see around them. A way to be thoughtful and informed about " "society. A means of engaging in conversation and shaping decision making " "that transcends personal experience. The long-term value and impact is " "almost impossible to measure, but the goal is to help citizens gain " -"understanding and work together in more informed ways to shape the future.”" +"understanding and work together in more informed ways to shape the future.</" +"quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5120 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5133 msgid "" "Lillian sees Figure.NZ’s model as having global potential. But for now, " "their focus is completely on making Figure.NZ work in New Zealand and to get " -"the “network effect”— users dramatically increasing value for themselves and " -"for others through use of their service. Creative Commons is core to making " -"the network effect possible." +"the <quote>network effect</quote>— users dramatically increasing value for " +"themselves and for others through use of their service. Creative Commons is " +"core to making the network effect possible." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5129 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5142 msgid "Knowledge Unlatched" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5132 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5145 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched is a not-for-profit community interest company that " "brings libraries together to pool funds to publish open-access books. " @@ -6798,32 +6917,32 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5137 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5150 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://knowledgeunlatched.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5139 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5152 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: crowdfunding " "(specialized)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5142 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5155 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 26, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5145 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5158 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Frances Pinter, founder" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5153 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5166 msgid "" -"The serial entrepreneur Dr. Frances Pinter has been at the forefront of " +"The serial entrepreneur Dr. Frances Pinter has been at the forefront of " "innovation in the publishing industry for nearly forty years. She founded " "the UK-based Knowledge Unlatched with a mission to enable open access to " "scholarly books. For Frances, the current scholarly- book-publishing system " @@ -6838,16 +6957,16 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5169 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5182 msgid "" -"Dr. Pinter has been in academic publishing most of her career. About ten " +"Dr. Pinter has been in academic publishing most of her career. About ten " "years ago, she became acquainted with the Creative Commons founder Lawrence " "Lessig and got interested in Creative Commons as a tool for both protecting " "content online and distributing it free to users." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5176 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5189 msgid "" "Not long after, she ran a project in Africa convincing publishers in Uganda " "and South Africa to put some of their content online for free using a " @@ -6856,7 +6975,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5182 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5195 msgid "" "In 2008, Bloomsbury Academic, a new imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing in the " "United Kingdom, appointed her its founding publisher in London. As part of " @@ -6874,18 +6993,18 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5199 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5212 msgid "" "Frances began to look at customer interest in the three forms of the book: " "1) the Creative Commons–licensed free online book in PDF form, 2) the " "printed book, and 3) a digital version of the book on an aggregator platform " -"with enhanced features. She thought of this as the “ice cream model”: the " -"free PDF was vanilla ice cream, the printed book was an ice cream cone, and " -"the enhanced e-book was an ice cream sundae." +"with enhanced features. She thought of this as the <quote>ice cream model</" +"quote>: the free PDF was vanilla ice cream, the printed book was an ice " +"cream cone, and the enhanced e-book was an ice cream sundae." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5208 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5221 msgid "" "After a while, Frances had an epiphany—what if there was a way to get " "libraries to underwrite the costs of making these books up until they’re " @@ -6896,17 +7015,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5217 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5230 msgid "" "This idea is similar to the article-processing charge some open-access " "journals charge researchers to cover publishing costs. Frances began to " -"imagine a coalition of libraries paying for the prepress costs—a “book-" -"processing charge”—and providing everyone in the world with an open-access " -"version of the books released under a Creative Commons license." +"imagine a coalition of libraries paying for the prepress costs—a <quote>book-" +"processing charge</quote>—and providing everyone in the world with an open-" +"access version of the books released under a Creative Commons license." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5225 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5238 msgid "" "This idea really took hold in her mind. She didn’t really have a name for it " "but began talking about it and making presentations to see if there was " @@ -6919,35 +7038,35 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5236 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5249 msgid "" "She describes the business model in a paper called Knowledge Unlatched: " "Toward an Open and Networked Future for Academic Publishing:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5243 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5256 msgid "" "Publishers offer titles for sale reflecting origination costs only via " "Knowledge Unlatched." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5249 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5262 msgid "" "Individual libraries select titles either as individual titles or as " "collections (as they do from library suppliers now)." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5255 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5268 msgid "" "Their selections are sent to Knowledge Unlatched specifying the titles to be " "purchased at the stated price(s)." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5261 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5274 msgid "" "The price, called a Title Fee (set by publishers and negotiated by Knowledge " "Unlatched), is paid to publishers to cover the fixed costs of publishing " @@ -6956,7 +7075,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5270 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5283 msgid "" "Publishers make the selected titles available Open Access (on a Creative " "Commons or similar open license) and are then paid the Title Fee which is " @@ -6964,12 +7083,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5280 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5293 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.pinter.org.uk/pdfs/Toward_an_Open.pdf\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5277 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5290 msgid "" "Publishers make print copies, e-Pub, and other digital versions of selected " "titles available to member libraries at a discount that reflects their " @@ -6978,7 +7097,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5285 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5298 msgid "" "The first round of this model resulted in a collection of twenty-eight " "current titles from thirteen recognized scholarly publishers being " @@ -6990,14 +7109,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5296 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5309 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://collections.knowledgeunlatched.org/collection-" "availability-1/\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5295 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5308 msgid "" "The open-access, Creative Commons versions of these twenty-eight books are " "still available online.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Most books " @@ -7011,7 +7130,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5306 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5319 msgid "" "There are three cost variables to consider for each round: the overall cost " "incurred by the publishers, total cost for each library to acquire all the " @@ -7024,7 +7143,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5318 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5331 msgid "" "The second round, recently completed, unlatched seventy-eight books from " "twenty-six publishers. For this round, Frances was experimenting with the " @@ -7040,7 +7159,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5333 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5346 msgid "" "The longest part of the whole process is getting libraries to pledge and " "commit funds. It takes about five months, as library buy-in has to fit " @@ -7048,7 +7167,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5339 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5352 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched informs and recruits libraries through social media, " "mailing lists, listservs, and library associations. Of the three hundred " @@ -7060,7 +7179,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5349 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5362 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched is scaling up, offering 150 new titles in the second " "half of 2016. It will also offer backlist titles, and in 2017 will start to " @@ -7068,7 +7187,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5354 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5367 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched deliberately chose monographs as the initial type of " "book to unlatch. Monographs are foundational and important, but also " @@ -7076,7 +7195,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5360 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5373 msgid "" "The cost for the publisher to get to a first digital copy of a monograph is " "$5,000 to $50,000. A good one costs in the $10,000 to $15,000 range. " @@ -7088,13 +7207,13 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5377 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5390 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.knowledgeunlatched.org/featured-authors-section/\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5370 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5383 msgid "" "Authors don’t generally make a lot of royalties from monographs. Royalties " "range from zero dollars to 5 to 10 percent of receipts. The value to the " @@ -7107,7 +7226,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5380 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5393 msgid "" "Library budgets are constantly being squeezed, partly due to the inflation " "of journal subscriptions. But even without budget constraints, academic " @@ -7119,7 +7238,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5391 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5404 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched offers libraries a compelling economic argument. Many of " "the participating libraries would have bought a copy of the monograph " @@ -7129,7 +7248,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5399 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5412 msgid "" "Not only do the economics make sense, but there is very strong alignment " "with library mandates. The participating libraries pay less than they would " @@ -7137,20 +7256,20 @@ msgid "" "libraries. While this means nonparticipating libraries could be seen as free " "riders, in the library world, wealthy libraries are used to paying more than " "poor libraries and accept that part of their money should be spent to " -"support open access. “Free ride” is more like community responsibility. By " -"the end of March 2016, the round-one books had been downloaded nearly eighty " -"thousand times in 175 countries." +"support open access. <quote>Free ride</quote> is more like community " +"responsibility. By the end of March 2016, the round-one books had been " +"downloaded nearly eighty thousand times in 175 countries." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5411 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5425 msgid "" "For publishers, authors, and librarians, the Knowledge Unlatched model for " "monographs is a win-win-win." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5415 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5429 msgid "" "In the first round, Knowledge Unlatched’s overheads were covered by grants. " "In the second round, they aim to demonstrate the model is sustainable. " @@ -7163,7 +7282,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5426 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5440 msgid "" "Frances believes that Knowledge Unlatched is tapping into new ways of " "valuing academic content. It’s about considering how many people can find, " @@ -7176,50 +7295,50 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5438 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5452 msgid "Lumen Learning" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5441 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5455 msgid "" "Lumen Learning is a for-profit company helping educational institutions use " "open educational resources (OER). Founded in 2013 in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5446 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5460 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://lumenlearning.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5448 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5462 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for custom " "services, grant funding" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5451 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5465 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: December 21, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5454 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5468 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: David Wiley and Kim " "Thanos, cofounders" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5468 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5482 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://lumenlearning.com/innovative-projects/\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5462 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5476 msgid "" -"Cofounded by open education visionary Dr. David Wiley and education-" +"Cofounded by open education visionary Dr. David Wiley and education-" "technology strategist Kim Thanos, Lumen Learning is dedicated to improving " "student success, bringing new ideas to pedagogy, and making education more " "affordable by facilitating adoption of open educational resources. In 2012, " @@ -7241,7 +7360,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5485 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5499 msgid "" "David and Kim went back and forth on whether it should be a nonprofit or " "for- profit. A nonprofit would make it a more comfortable fit with the " @@ -7253,7 +7372,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5495 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5509 msgid "" "But as a for-profit, they’d have to convince educational institutions to pay " "for what Lumen had to offer. On the positive side, they’d have more control " @@ -7264,7 +7383,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5504 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5518 msgid "" "Right from the start, David and Kim positioned Lumen Learning as a way to " "help institutions engage in open educational resources, or OER. OER are " @@ -7274,7 +7393,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5512 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5526 msgid "" "Originally, Lumen did custom contracts for each institution. This was " "complicated and challenging to manage. However, through that process " @@ -7289,33 +7408,33 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5528 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5542 msgid "replace expensive textbooks in high-enrollment courses with OER;" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5534 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5548 msgid "" "provide enrolled students day one access to Lumen’s fully customizable OER " "course materials through the institution’s learning-management system;" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5541 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5555 msgid "" "measure improvements in student success with metrics like passing rates, " "persistence, and course completion; and" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5547 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5561 msgid "" "collaborate with faculty to make ongoing improvements to OER based on " "student success research." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5553 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5567 msgid "" "Lumen has developed a suite of open, Creative Commons–licensed courseware in " "more than sixty-five subjects. All courses are freely and publicly available " @@ -7325,7 +7444,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5561 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5575 msgid "" "Then there are three types of bundled services that cost money. One option, " "which Lumen calls Candela courseware, offers integration with the " @@ -7335,7 +7454,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5569 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5583 msgid "" "A second option is Waymaker, which offers the services of Candela but adds " "personalized learning technologies, such as study plans, automated messages, " @@ -7344,7 +7463,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5576 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5590 msgid "" "The third and emerging line of business for Lumen is providing guidance and " "support for institutions and state systems that are pursuing the development " @@ -7355,7 +7474,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5585 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5599 msgid "" "Lumen generates revenue by charging for their value-added tools and services " "on top of their free courses, just as solar-power companies provide the " @@ -7373,7 +7492,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5602 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5616 msgid "" "In most cases, development of their courses is funded by the institution " "Lumen has a contract with. When creating new courses, Lumen typically works " @@ -7386,7 +7505,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5613 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5627 msgid "" "Sometimes faculty like the existing OER but not the way it is presented. The " "open licensing of existing OER allows Lumen to pick and choose from images, " @@ -7399,7 +7518,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5624 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5638 msgid "" "Using only OER made them experience firsthand how complex it could be to mix " "differently licensed work together. A common strategy with OER is to place " @@ -7409,7 +7528,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5632 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5646 msgid "" "Remixing OER often results in multiple attributions on every page of every " "course—text from one place, images from another, and videos from yet " @@ -7422,7 +7541,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5643 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5657 msgid "" "Lumen’s commitment to open licensing and helping low-income students has led " "to strong relationships with institutions, open-education enthusiasts, and " @@ -7432,7 +7551,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5651 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5665 msgid "" "To manage demand and ensure the success of projects, their strategy is to be " "proactive and focus on what’s going on in higher education in different " @@ -7446,7 +7565,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5664 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5678 msgid "" "As a business, Lumen is committed to openness. There are two core " "nonnegotiables: Lumen’s use of CC BY, the most permissive of the Creative " @@ -7458,7 +7577,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5674 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5688 msgid "" "Openness also means that Lumen’s OER must necessarily be nonexclusive and " "nonrivalrous. This represents several big challenges for the business model: " @@ -7470,7 +7589,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5684 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5698 msgid "" "In the OER sector, there are examples of corporations, and even " "institutions, acting as free riders. Some simply take and use open resources " @@ -7481,7 +7600,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5693 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5707 msgid "" "Lumen does track institutions accessing and using their free content. They " "proactively contact those institutions, with an estimate of how much their " @@ -7494,7 +7613,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5704 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5718 msgid "" "Lumen works hard to be a good corporate citizen in the OER community. For " "David and Kim, a good corporate citizen gives more than they take, adds " @@ -7505,7 +7624,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5713 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5727 msgid "" "Licensing all the content they produce with CC BY is a key part of giving " "more value than they take. They’ve also worked hard at finding the right " @@ -7514,7 +7633,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5719 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5733 msgid "" "As of the fall 2016 term, Lumen had eighty-six different open courses, " "working relationships with ninety-two institutions, and more than seventy-" @@ -7527,7 +7646,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5731 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5745 msgid "" "In creating Lumen Learning, David and Kim say they’ve landed on solutions " "they never imagined, and there is still a lot of learning taking place. For " @@ -7539,26 +7658,26 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5742 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5756 msgid "Jonathan Mann" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5745 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5759 msgid "" -"Jonathan Mann is a singer and songwriter who is most well known as the “Song " -"A Day” guy. Based in the U.S." +"Jonathan Mann is a singer and songwriter who is most well known as the " +"<quote>Song A Day</quote> guy. Based in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5748 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5762 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://jonathanmann.net\"/> and <ulink url=\"http://" "jonathanmann.bandcamp.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5751 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5765 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for custom " "services, pay-what-you-want, crowdfunding (subscription-based), charging for " @@ -7566,25 +7685,26 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5756 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5770 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 22, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5764 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5778 msgid "" -"Jonathan Mann thinks of his business model as “hustling”—seizing nearly " -"every opportunity he sees to make money. The bulk of his income comes from " -"writing songs under commission for people and companies, but he has a wide " -"variety of income sources. He has supporters on the crowdfunding site " -"Patreon. He gets advertising revenue from YouTube and Bandcamp, where he " -"posts all of his music. He gives paid speaking engagements about creativity " -"and motivation. He has been hired by major conferences to write songs " -"summarizing what speakers have said in the conference sessions." +"Jonathan Mann thinks of his business model as <quote>hustling</quote>—" +"seizing nearly every opportunity he sees to make money. The bulk of his " +"income comes from writing songs under commission for people and companies, " +"but he has a wide variety of income sources. He has supporters on the " +"crowdfunding site Patreon. He gets advertising revenue from YouTube and " +"Bandcamp, where he posts all of his music. He gives paid speaking " +"engagements about creativity and motivation. He has been hired by major " +"conferences to write songs summarizing what speakers have said in the " +"conference sessions." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5775 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5790 msgid "" "His entrepreneurial spirit is coupled with a willingness to take action " "quickly. A perfect illustration of his ability to act fast happened in 2010, " @@ -7597,16 +7717,16 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5786 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5801 msgid "" -"Jonathan’s successful “hustling” is also about old-fashioned persistence. He " -"is currently in his eighth straight year of writing one song each day. He " -"holds the Guinness World Record for consecutive daily songwriting, and he is " -"widely known as the “song-a-day guy.”" +"Jonathan’s successful <quote>hustling</quote> is also about old-fashioned " +"persistence. He is currently in his eighth straight year of writing one song " +"each day. He holds the Guinness World Record for consecutive daily " +"songwriting, and he is widely known as the <quote>song-a-day guy.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5793 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5808 msgid "" "He fell into this role by, naturally, seizing a random opportunity a friend " "alerted him to seven years ago—an event called Fun-A-Day, where people are " @@ -7618,7 +7738,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5803 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5818 msgid "" "He had a really good time doing the thirty-one-day challenge, so he decided " "to see if he could continue it for one year. He never stopped. He has " @@ -7635,7 +7755,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5819 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5834 msgid "" "Over time, the song-a-day gig became the basis of his livelihood. In the " "beginning, he made money one of two ways. The first was by entering a wide " @@ -7646,75 +7766,77 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5828 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5843 msgid "" -"His website explains his gig as “taking any message, from the super simple " -"to the totally complicated, and conveying that message through a heartfelt, " -"fun and quirky song.” He charges $500 to create a produced song and $300 for " -"an acoustic song. He has been hired for product launches, weddings, " -"conferences, and even Kickstarter campaigns like the one that funded the " -"production of this book." +"His website explains his gig as <quote>taking any message, from the super " +"simple to the totally complicated, and conveying that message through a " +"heartfelt, fun and quirky song.</quote> He charges $500 to create a produced " +"song and $300 for an acoustic song. He has been hired for product launches, " +"weddings, conferences, and even Kickstarter campaigns like the one that " +"funded the production of this book." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5837 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5852 msgid "" "Jonathan can’t recall when exactly he first learned about Creative Commons, " "but he began applying CC licenses to his songs and videos as soon as he " -"discovered the option. “CC seems like such a no-brainer,” Jonathan said. “I " -"don’t understand how anything else would make sense. It seems like such an " -"obvious thing that you would want your work to be able to be shared.”" +"discovered the option. <quote>CC seems like such a no-brainer,</quote> " +"Jonathan said. <quote>I don’t understand how anything else would make sense. " +"It seems like such an obvious thing that you would want your work to be able " +"to be shared.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5845 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5861 msgid "" "His songs are essentially marketing for his services, so obviously the " "further his songs spread, the better. Using CC licenses helps grease the " "wheels, letting people know that Jonathan allows and encourages them to " -"copy, interact with, and remix his music. “If you let someone cover your " -"song or remix it or use parts of it, that’s how music is supposed to work,” " -"Jonathan said. “That is how music has worked since the beginning of time. " -"Our me-me, mine-mine culture has undermined that.”" +"copy, interact with, and remix his music. <quote>If you let someone cover " +"your song or remix it or use parts of it, that’s how music is supposed to " +"work,</quote> Jonathan said. <quote>That is how music has worked since the " +"beginning of time. Our me-me, mine-mine culture has undermined that.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5855 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5871 msgid "" "There are some people who cover his songs fairly regularly, and he would " "never shut that down. But he acknowledges there is a lot more he could do to " -"build community. “There is all of this conventional wisdom about how to " -"build an audience online, and I generally think I don’t do any of that,” " -"Jonathan said." +"build community. <quote>There is all of this conventional wisdom about how " +"to build an audience online, and I generally think I don’t do any of that,</" +"quote> Jonathan said." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5862 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5878 msgid "" "He does have a fan community he cultivates on Bandcamp, but it isn’t his " -"major focus. “I do have a core audience that has stuck around for a really " -"long time, some even longer than I’ve been doing song-a-day,” he said. " -"“There is also a transitional aspect that drop in and get what they need and " -"then move on.” Focusing less on community building than other artists makes " -"sense given Jonathan’s primary income source of writing custom songs for " -"clients." +"major focus. <quote>I do have a core audience that has stuck around for a " +"really long time, some even longer than I’ve been doing song-a-day,</quote> " +"he said. <quote>There is also a transitional aspect that drop in and get " +"what they need and then move on.</quote> Focusing less on community building " +"than other artists makes sense given Jonathan’s primary income source of " +"writing custom songs for clients." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5872 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5888 msgid "" "Jonathan recognizes what comes naturally to him and leverages those skills. " "Through the practice of daily songwriting, he realized he has a gift for " "distilling complicated subjects into simple concepts and putting them to " -"music. In his song “How to Choose a Master Password,” Jonathan explained the " -"process of creating a secure password in a silly, simple song. He was hired " -"to write the song by a client who handed him a long technical blog post from " -"which to draw the information. Like a good (and rare) journalist, he " -"translated the technical concepts into something understandable." +"music. In his song <quote>How to Choose a Master Password,</quote> Jonathan " +"explained the process of creating a secure password in a silly, simple song. " +"He was hired to write the song by a client who handed him a long technical " +"blog post from which to draw the information. Like a good (and rare) " +"journalist, he translated the technical concepts into something " +"understandable." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5884 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5900 msgid "" "When he is hired by a client to write a song, he first asks them to send a " "list of talking points and other information they want to include in the " @@ -7723,14 +7845,15 @@ msgid "" "thing he tries to do is grok the core message and develop the chorus. Then " "he looks for connections or parts he can make rhyme. The entire process " "really does resemble good journalism, but of course the final product of his " -"work is a song rather than news. “There is something about being challenged " -"and forced to take information that doesn’t seem like it should be sung " -"about or doesn’t seem like it lends itself to a song,” he said. “I find that " -"creative challenge really satisfying. I enjoy getting lost in that process.”" +"work is a song rather than news. <quote>There is something about being " +"challenged and forced to take information that doesn’t seem like it should " +"be sung about or doesn’t seem like it lends itself to a song,</quote> he " +"said. <quote>I find that creative challenge really satisfying. I enjoy " +"getting lost in that process.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5899 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5916 msgid "" "Jonathan admits that in an ideal world, he would exclusively write the music " "he wanted to write, rather than what clients hire him to write. But his " @@ -7739,21 +7862,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5906 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5923 msgid "" "Jonathan uses nearly every tool possible to make money from his art, but he " "does have lines he won’t cross. He won’t write songs about things he " "fundamentally does not believe in, and there are times he has turned down " -"jobs on principle. He also won’t stray too much from his natural style. “My " -"style is silly, so I can’t really accommodate people who want something " -"super serious,” Jonathan said. “I do what I do very easily, and it’s part of " -"who I am.” Jonathan hasn’t gotten into writing commercials for the same " -"reasons; he is best at using his own unique style rather than mimicking " -"others." +"jobs on principle. He also won’t stray too much from his natural style. " +"<quote>My style is silly, so I can’t really accommodate people who want " +"something super serious,</quote> Jonathan said. <quote>I do what I do very " +"easily, and it’s part of who I am.</quote> Jonathan hasn’t gotten into " +"writing commercials for the same reasons; he is best at using his own unique " +"style rather than mimicking others." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5918 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5935 msgid "" "Jonathan’s song-a-day commitment exemplifies the power of habit and grit. " "Conventional wisdom about creative productivity, including advice in books " @@ -7764,7 +7887,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5927 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5944 msgid "" "When he speaks about his work, he talks about how much the song-a-day " "process has changed him. Rather than seeing any given piece of work as " @@ -7774,7 +7897,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5934 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5951 msgid "" "Jonathan seems to have this mentality about his career more generally. He is " "constantly experimenting with ways to make a living while sharing his work " @@ -7784,20 +7907,20 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5942 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5958 msgid "" -"“Success feels like it’s over,” he said. “To a certain extent, a creative " -"person is not ever going to feel completely satisfied because then so much " -"of what drives you would be gone.”" +"<quote>Success feels like it’s over,</quote> he said. <quote>To a certain " +"extent, a creative person is not ever going to feel completely satisfied " +"because then so much of what drives you would be gone.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5948 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5965 msgid "Noun Project" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5951 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5968 msgid "" "The Noun Project is a for-profit company offering an online platform to " "display visual icons from a global network of designers. Founded in 2010 in " @@ -7805,30 +7928,30 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5956 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5973 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://thenounproject.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5958 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5975 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging a transaction " "fee, charging for custom services" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5961 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5978 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: October 6, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5964 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5981 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Edward Boatman, cofounder" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5972 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5989 msgid "" "The Noun Project creates and shares visual language. There are millions who " "use Noun Project symbols to simplify communication across borders, " @@ -7836,7 +7959,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5977 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5994 msgid "" "The original idea for the Noun Project came to cofounder Edward Boatman " "while he was a student in architecture design school. He’d always done a lot " @@ -7847,7 +7970,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5985 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6002 msgid "" "When Edward went on to work at an architecture firm, he had to make a lot of " "presentation boards for clients. But finding high-quality sources for " @@ -7857,7 +7980,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5993 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6010 msgid "" "With his partner, Sofya Polyakov, he began collecting symbols for a website " "and writing a business plan. Inspiration came from the book Professor and " @@ -7867,14 +7990,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6004 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6021 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.kickstarter.com/projects/tnp/building-a-free-" "collection-of-our-worlds-visual-sy/description\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6001 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6018 msgid "" "Then Edward got laid off during the recession, which turned out to be a huge " "catalyst. He decided to give his idea a go, and in 2010 Edward and Sofya " @@ -7886,17 +8009,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6010 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6027 msgid "" "They created a platform where symbols and icons could be uploaded, and " "Edward began recruiting talented designers to contribute their designs, a " "process he describes as a relatively easy sell. Lots of designers have old " -"drawings just gathering “digital dust” on their hard drives. It’s easy to " -"convince them to finally share them with the world." +"drawings just gathering <quote>digital dust</quote> on their hard drives. " +"It’s easy to convince them to finally share them with the world." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6018 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6035 msgid "" "The Noun Project currently has about seven thousand designers from around " "the world. But not all submissions are accepted. The Noun Project’s quality-" @@ -7907,7 +8030,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6027 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6044 msgid "" "Creative Commons is an integral part of the Noun Project’s business model; " "this decision was inspired by Chris Anderson’s book Free: The Future of " @@ -7916,7 +8039,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6034 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6051 msgid "" "Edward knew he wanted to offer a free visual language while still providing " "some protection and reward for its contributors. There is a tension between " @@ -7931,7 +8054,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6048 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6065 msgid "" "Noun Project’s business model and means of generating revenue have evolved " "significantly over time. Their initial plan was to sell T-shirts with the " @@ -7939,11 +8062,12 @@ msgid "" "get a lot of email from people saying they loved the icons but asking if " "they could pay a fee instead of giving attribution. Ad agencies (among " "others) wanted to keep marketing and presentation materials clean and free " -"of attribution statements. For Edward, “That’s when our lightbulb went off.”" +"of attribution statements. For Edward, <quote>That’s when our lightbulb went " +"off.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6058 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6076 msgid "" "They asked their global network of designers whether they’d be open to " "receiving modest remuneration instead of attribution. Designers saw it as a " @@ -7953,7 +8077,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6065 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6083 msgid "" "The Noun Project first adopted a model whereby using an icon without giving " "attribution would cost $1.99 per icon. The model’s second iteration added a " @@ -7969,7 +8093,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6079 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6097 msgid "" "Customers then began asking for an application-programming interface (API), " "which would allow Noun Project icons and symbols to be directly accessed " @@ -7978,13 +8102,13 @@ msgid "" "know all of them in advance, so they built an API with a lot of " "flexibility. Knowing that most API applications would want to use the icons " "without giving attribution, the API was built with the aim of charging for " -"its use. You can use what’s called the “Playground API” for free to test how " -"it integrates with your application, but full implementation will require " -"you to purchase the API Pro version." +"its use. You can use what’s called the <quote>Playground API</quote> for " +"free to test how it integrates with your application, but full " +"implementation will require you to purchase the API Pro version." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6093 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6111 msgid "" "The Noun Project shares revenue with its international designers. For one-" "off purchases, the revenue is split 70 percent to the designer and 30 " @@ -7992,7 +8116,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6098 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6116 msgid "" "The revenue from premium purchases (the subscription and API options) is " "split a little differently. At the end of each month, the total revenue from " @@ -8005,14 +8129,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6110 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6182 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6128 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6200 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://thenounproject.com/handbook/royalties/#getting_paid\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6109 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6127 msgid "" "The Noun Project tries to be completely transparent about their royalty " "structure.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> They tend to over " @@ -8021,7 +8145,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6114 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6132 msgid "" "For most creators, contributing to the Noun Project is not a full-time job " "but something they do on the side. Edward categorizes monthly earnings for " @@ -8030,7 +8154,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6121 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6139 msgid "" "Recently the Noun Project launched a new app called Lingo. Designers can " "use Lingo to organize not just their Noun Project icons and symbols but also " @@ -8045,7 +8169,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6135 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6153 msgid "" "The Noun Project gives a ton of value away for free. A very large percentage " "of their roughly one million members have a free account, but there are " @@ -8055,15 +8179,16 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6142 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6160 msgid "" -"For Edward, “creating, sharing, and celebrating the world’s visual language” " -"is the most important aspect of what they do; it’s their stated mission. It " -"differentiates them from others who offer graphics, icons, or clip art." +"For Edward, <quote>creating, sharing, and celebrating the world’s visual " +"language</quote> is the most important aspect of what they do; it’s their " +"stated mission. It differentiates them from others who offer graphics, " +"icons, or clip art." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6148 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6166 msgid "" "Noun Project creators agree. When surveyed on why they participate in the " "Noun Project, this is how designers rank their reasons: 1) to support the " @@ -8074,7 +8199,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6157 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6175 msgid "" "In Edward’s view, Creative Commons is central to their mission of sharing " "and social good. Using Creative Commons makes the Noun Project’s mission " @@ -8083,19 +8208,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6164 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6182 msgid "" -"Edward told us, “Don’t underestimate the power of a passionate community " -"around your product or your business. They are going to go to bat for you " -"when you’re getting ripped in the media. If you go down the road of choosing " -"to work with Creative Commons, you’re taking the first step to building a " -"great community and tapping into a really awesome community that comes with " -"it. But you need to continue to foster that community through other " -"initiatives and continue to nurture it.”" +"Edward told us, <quote>Don’t underestimate the power of a passionate " +"community around your product or your business. They are going to go to bat " +"for you when you’re getting ripped in the media. If you go down the road of " +"choosing to work with Creative Commons, you’re taking the first step to " +"building a great community and tapping into a really awesome community that " +"comes with it. But you need to continue to foster that community through " +"other initiatives and continue to nurture it.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6174 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6192 msgid "" "The Noun Project nurtures their creators’ second motivation—promoting a " "personal brand—by connecting every icon and symbol to the creator’s name and " @@ -8104,7 +8229,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6181 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6199 msgid "" "The Noun Project also builds community through Iconathons—hackathons for " "icons.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> In partnership with a " @@ -8116,7 +8241,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6190 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6208 msgid "" "Providing a free version of their product that satisfies a lot of their " "customers’ needs has actually enabled the Noun Project to build the paid " @@ -8128,12 +8253,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6201 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6219 msgid "Open Data Institute" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6204 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6222 msgid "" "The Open Data Institute is an independent nonprofit that connects, equips, " "and inspires people around the world to innovate with data. Founded in 2012 " @@ -8141,31 +8266,31 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6209 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6227 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://theodi.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6211 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6229 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: grant and government " "funding, charging for custom services, donations" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6214 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6232 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: November 11, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6217 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6235 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Jeni Tennison, technical " "director" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6225 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6243 msgid "" "Cofounded by Sir Tim Berners-Lee and Sir Nigel Shadbolt in 2012, the London-" "based Open Data Institute (ODI) offers data-related training, events, " @@ -8177,7 +8302,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6235 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6253 msgid "" "Data underpins planning and decision making across all aspects of society. " "Weather data helps farmers know when to plant their crops, flight time data " @@ -8191,7 +8316,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6247 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6265 msgid "" "The Open Data Institute’s 2012–17 business plan starts out by describing its " "vision to establish itself as a world-leading center and to research and be " @@ -8201,49 +8326,49 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6257 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6275 msgid "" "demonstrate the commercial value of open government data and how open-data " "policies affect this;" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6263 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6281 msgid "develop the economic benefits case and business models for open data;" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6269 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6287 msgid "help UK businesses use open data; and" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6274 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6292 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://e642e8368e3bf8d5526e-464b4b70b4554c1a79566214d402739e.r6." "cf3.rackcdn.com/odi-business-plan-may-release.pdf\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6274 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6292 msgid "" "show how open data can improve public services.<placeholder type=\"footnote" "\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6279 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6297 msgid "" "ODI is very explicit about how it wants to make open business models, and " "defining what this means. Jeni Tennison, ODI’s technical director, puts it " -"this way: “There is a whole ecosystem of open—open-source software, open " -"government, open-access research—and a whole ecosystem of data. ODI’s work " -"cuts across both, with an emphasis on where they overlap—with open data.” " -"ODI’s particular focus is to show open data’s potential for revenue." +"this way: <quote>There is a whole ecosystem of open—open-source software, " +"open government, open-access research—and a whole ecosystem of data. ODI’s " +"work cuts across both, with an emphasis on where they overlap—with open data." +"</quote> ODI’s particular focus is to show open data’s potential for revenue." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6289 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6307 msgid "" "As an independent nonprofit, ODI secured £10 million over five years from " "the UK government via Innovate UK, an agency that promotes innovation in " @@ -8253,7 +8378,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6297 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6315 msgid "" "Jeni started out as a developer and technical architect for data.gov.uk, the " "UK government’s pioneering open-data initiative. She helped make data sets " @@ -8263,7 +8388,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6304 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6322 msgid "" "ODI strives to have half its annual budget come from the core UK government " "and Omidyar grants, and the other half from project-based research and " @@ -8273,19 +8398,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6312 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6330 msgid "" "On the commercial side, ODI generates funding through memberships, training, " "and advisory services." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6327 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6345 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://directory.theodi.org/members\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6316 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6334 msgid "" "You can join the ODI as an individual or commercial member. Individual " "membership is pay-what-you-can, with options ranging from £1 to £100. " @@ -8300,7 +8425,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6330 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6348 msgid "" "ODI provides standardized open data training courses in which anyone can " "enroll. The initial idea was to offer an intensive and academically oriented " @@ -8308,14 +8433,14 @@ msgid "" "that. Instead, they offered a five-day-long public training course, which " "has subsequently been reduced to three days; now the most popular course is " "one day long. The fee, in addition to the time commitment, can be a barrier " -"for participation. Jeni says, “Most of the people who would be able to pay " -"don’t know they need it. Most who know they need it can’t pay.” Public-" -"sector organizations sometimes give vouchers to their employees so they can " -"attend as a form of professional development." +"for participation. Jeni says, <quote>Most of the people who would be able to " +"pay don’t know they need it. Most who know they need it can’t pay.</quote> " +"Public-sector organizations sometimes give vouchers to their employees so " +"they can attend as a form of professional development." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6344 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6362 msgid "" "ODI customizes training for clients as well, for which there is more demand. " "Custom training usually emerges through an established relationship with an " @@ -8326,7 +8451,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6353 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6371 msgid "" "Education about open data is also a part of ODI’s annual summit event, where " "curated presentations and speakers showcase the work of ODI and its members " @@ -8336,7 +8461,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6361 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6379 msgid "" "In addition to memberships and training, ODI provides advisory services to " "help with technical-data support, technology development, change management, " @@ -8347,13 +8472,13 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6370 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6388 msgid "" "On the commercial side, the following value propositions seem to resonate:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6376 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6394 msgid "" "Data-driven insights. Businesses need data from outside their business to " "get more insight. Businesses can generate value and more effectively pursue " @@ -8361,7 +8486,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6384 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6402 msgid "" "Open innovation. Many large-scale enterprises are aware they don’t innovate " "very well. One way they can innovate is to open up their data. ODI " @@ -8371,7 +8496,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6393 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6411 msgid "" "Corporate social responsibility. While this resonates with businesses, ODI " "cautions against having it be the sole reason for making data open. If a " @@ -8380,18 +8505,18 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6402 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6420 msgid "" "During their early years, ODI wanted to focus solely on the United Kingdom. " "But in their first year, large delegations of government visitors from over " "fifty countries wanted to learn more about the UK government’s open-data " "practices and how ODI saw that translating into economic value. They were " "contracted as a service provider to international governments, which " -"prompted a need to set up international ODI “nodes.”" +"prompted a need to set up international ODI <quote>nodes.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6411 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6429 msgid "" "Nodes are franchises of the ODI at a regional or city level. Hosted by " "existing (for-profit or not-for-profit) organizations, they operate locally " @@ -8404,14 +8529,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6425 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6443 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://theodi.org/odi-startup-programme\"/>; <ulink url=" "\"http://theodi.org/open-data-incubator-for-europe\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6423 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6441 msgid "" "ODI also runs programs to help start-ups in the UK and across Europe develop " "a sustainable business around open data, offering mentoring, advice, " @@ -8419,7 +8544,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6429 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6447 msgid "" "A big part of ODI’s business model revolves around community building. " "Memberships, training, summits, consulting services, nodes, and start-up " @@ -8430,12 +8555,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6443 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6461 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://certificates.theodi.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6438 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6456 msgid "" "ODI has created an online tool that organizations can use to assess the " "legal, practical, technical, and social aspects of their open data. If it is " @@ -8446,7 +8571,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6446 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6464 msgid "" "Separate from commercial activities, the ODI generates funding through " "research grants. Research includes looking at evidence on the impact of open " @@ -8455,16 +8580,16 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6452 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6470 msgid "" "Creative Commons 4.0 licenses cover database rights and ODI recommends CC " "BY, CC BY-SA, and CC0 for data releases. ODI encourages publishers of data " -"to use Creative Commons licenses rather than creating new “open licenses” of " -"their own." +"to use Creative Commons licenses rather than creating new <quote>open " +"licenses</quote> of their own." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6458 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6477 msgid "" "For ODI, open is at the heart of what they do. They also release any " "software code they produce under open-source-software licenses, and " @@ -8478,12 +8603,12 @@ msgid "" "people pay for the advice ODI gives them, not for the methodologies they " "use. Producing open content, data, and source code helps establish " "credibility and creates leads for the paid services that they offer. " -"According to Jeni, “The biggest lesson we have learned is that it is " -"completely possible to be open, get customers, and make money.”" +"According to Jeni, <quote>The biggest lesson we have learned is that it is " +"completely possible to be open, get customers, and make money.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6476 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6495 msgid "" "To serve as evidence of a successful open business model and return on " "investment, ODI has a public dashboard of key performance indicators. Here " @@ -8491,7 +8616,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6484 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6503 msgid "" "Total amount of cash investments unlocked in direct investments in ODI, " "competition funding, direct contracts, and partnerships, and income that ODI " @@ -8500,46 +8625,46 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6492 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6511 msgid "Total number of active members and nodes across the globe: 1,350" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6498 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6517 msgid "Total sales since ODI began: £7.44 million" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6503 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6522 msgid "" "Total number of unique people reached since ODI began, in person and online: " "2.2 million" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6509 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6528 msgid "Total Open Data Certificates created: 151,000" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6515 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6534 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://dashboards.theodi.org/company/all\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6514 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6533 msgid "" "Total number of people trained by ODI and its nodes since ODI began: " "5,080<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6521 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6540 msgid "OpenDesk" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6524 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6543 msgid "" "Opendesk is a for-profit company offering an online platform that connects " "furniture designers around the world with customers and local makers who " @@ -8547,32 +8672,32 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6530 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6549 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.opendesk.cc\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6532 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8947 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6551 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8982 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging a transaction " "fee" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6535 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6554 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: November 4, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6538 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6557 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: Nick Ierodiaconou and " "Joni Steiner, cofounders" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6546 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6565 msgid "" "Opendesk is an online platform that connects furniture designers around the " "world not just with customers but also with local registered makers who " @@ -8581,7 +8706,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6552 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6571 msgid "" "Cofounders Nick Ierodiaconou and Joni Steiner studied and worked as " "architects together. They also made goods. Their first client was Mint " @@ -8589,17 +8714,17 @@ msgid "" "digital fabrication, and Mint’s interest in open licensing got them to " "thinking how the open-source world may interact and apply to physical goods. " "They sought to design something for their client that was also reproducible. " -"As they put it, they decided to “ship the recipe, but not the goods.” They " -"created the design using software, put it under an open license, and had it " -"manufactured locally near the client. This was the start of the idea for " -"Opendesk. The idea for Wikihouse—another open project dedicated to " +"As they put it, they decided to <quote>ship the recipe, but not the goods.</" +"quote> They created the design using software, put it under an open license, " +"and had it manufactured locally near the client. This was the start of the " +"idea for Opendesk. The idea for Wikihouse—another open project dedicated to " "accessible housing for all—started as discussions around the same table. The " "two projects ultimately went on separate paths, with Wikihouse becoming a " "nonprofit foundation and Opendesk a for-profit company." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6569 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6588 msgid "" "When Nick and Joni set out to create Opendesk, there were a lot of questions " "about the viability of distributed manufacturing. No one was doing it in a " @@ -8608,7 +8733,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6576 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6595 msgid "" "And now this sector is emerging, and Nick and Joni are highly interested in " "the commercialization aspects of it. As part of coming up with a business " @@ -8621,7 +8746,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6587 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6606 msgid "" "When designing the Opendesk system, they had two goals. They wanted anyone, " "anywhere in the world, to be able to download designs so that they could be " @@ -8631,7 +8756,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6594 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6613 msgid "" "They gave a lot of thought to three angles—the potential for social sharing, " "allowing designers to choose their license, and the impact these choices " @@ -8639,7 +8764,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6599 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6618 msgid "" "In support of social sharing, Opendesk actively advocates for (but doesn’t " "demand) open licensing. And Nick and Joni are agnostic about which Creative " @@ -8649,21 +8774,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6610 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6630 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.opendesk.cc/designers\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6607 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6626 msgid "" "For the most part, designers love the idea of sharing content. They " "understand that you get positive feedback when you’re attributed, what Nick " -"and Joni called “reputational glow.” And Opendesk does an awesome job " -"profiling the designers.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"and Joni called <quote>reputational glow.</quote> And Opendesk does an " +"awesome job profiling the designers.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6613 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6633 msgid "" "While designers are largely OK with personal sharing, there is a concern " "that someone will take the design and manufacture the furniture in bulk, " @@ -8672,7 +8797,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6620 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6640 msgid "" "Anyone can download a design and make it themselves, provided it’s for " "noncommercial use — and there have been many, many downloads. Or users can " @@ -8684,25 +8809,25 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6637 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6657 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.opendesk.cc/open-making/makers/\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6630 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6650 msgid "" "Makers benefit from being part of Opendesk’s network. Making furniture for " "local customers is paid work, and Opendesk generates business for them. Joni " -"said, “Finding a whole network and community of makers was pretty easy " +"said, <quote>Finding a whole network and community of makers was pretty easy " "because we built a site where people could write in about their " "capabilities. Building the community by learning from the maker community is " -"how we have moved forward.” Opendesk now has relationships with hundreds of " -"makers in countries all around the world.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" -"\"0\"/>" +"how we have moved forward.</quote> Opendesk now has relationships with " +"hundreds of makers in countries all around the world.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6640 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6660 msgid "" "The makers are a critical part of the Opendesk business model. Their model " "builds off the makers’ quotes. Here’s how it’s expressed on Opendesk’s " @@ -8710,14 +8835,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6645 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6665 msgid "" "When customers buy an Opendesk product directly from a registered maker, " "they pay:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6651 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6671 msgid "" "the manufacturing cost as set by the maker (this covers material and labour " "costs for the product to be manufactured and any extra assembly costs " @@ -8725,14 +8850,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6658 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6678 msgid "" "a design fee for the designer (a design fee that is paid to the designer " "every time their design is used)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6664 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6684 msgid "" "a percentage fee to the Opendesk platform (this supports the infrastructure " "and ongoing development of the platform that helps us build out our " @@ -8740,7 +8865,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6671 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6691 msgid "" "a percentage fee to the channel through which the sale is made (at the " "moment this is Opendesk, but in the future we aim to open this up to third-" @@ -8749,14 +8874,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6680 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6700 msgid "" "a local delivery service charge (the delivery is typically charged by the " "maker, but in some cases may be paid to a third-party delivery partner)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6687 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6707 msgid "" "charges for any additional services the customer chooses, such as on-site " "assembly (additional services are discretionary—in many cases makers will be " @@ -8765,24 +8890,24 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6696 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6716 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.opendesk.cc/open-making/join\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6695 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6715 msgid "" "local sales taxes (variable by customer and maker location)<placeholder type=" "\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6701 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6721 msgid "They then go into detail how makers’ quotes are created:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6704 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6724 msgid "" "When a customer wants to buy an Opendesk . . . they are provided with a " "transparent breakdown of fees including the manufacturing cost, design fee, " @@ -8795,34 +8920,34 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6717 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6737 msgid "" "manufacturing cost: fabrication, finishing and any other costs as set by the " "maker (excluding any services like delivery or on-site assembly)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6724 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6744 msgid "design fee: 8 percent of the manufacturing cost" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6729 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6749 msgid "platform fee: 12 percent of the manufacturing cost" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6734 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6754 msgid "channel fee: 18 percent of the manufacturing cost" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6739 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6759 msgid "sales tax: as applicable (depends on product and location)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6744 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6764 msgid "" "Opendesk shares revenue with their community of designers. According to " "Nick and Joni, a typical designer fee is around 2.5 percent, so Opendesk’s 8 " @@ -8830,7 +8955,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6750 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6770 msgid "" "The Opendesk website features stories of designers and makers. Denis Fuzii " "published the design for the Valovi Chair from his studio in São Paulo. His " @@ -8840,7 +8965,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6758 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6778 msgid "" "To manage resources and remain effective, Opendesk has so far focused on a " "very narrow niche—primarily office furniture of a certain simple aesthetic, " @@ -8851,17 +8976,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6767 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6787 msgid "" -"On their website, Opendesk describes what they do as “open making”: " -"“Designers get a global distribution channel. Makers get profitable jobs and " -"new customers. You get designer products without the designer price tag, a " -"more social, eco-friendly alternative to mass-production and an affordable " -"way to buy custom-made products.”" +"On their website, Opendesk describes what they do as <quote>open making</" +"quote>: <quote>Designers get a global distribution channel. Makers get " +"profitable jobs and new customers. You get designer products without the " +"designer price tag, a more social, eco-friendly alternative to mass-" +"production and an affordable way to buy custom-made products.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6775 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6795 msgid "" "Nick and Joni say that customers like the fact that the furniture has a " "known provenance. People really like that their furniture was designed by a " @@ -8871,24 +8996,24 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6788 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6808 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://openmaking.is\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6783 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6803 msgid "" "Nick and Joni are taking a community-based approach to define and evolve " -"Opendesk and the “open making” business model. They’re engaging thought " -"leaders and practitioners to define this new movement. They have a separate " -"Open Making site, which includes a manifesto, a field guide, and an " -"invitation to get involved in the Open Making community.<placeholder type=" -"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> People can submit ideas and discuss the principles " -"and business practices they’d like to see used." +"Opendesk and the <quote>open making</quote> business model. They’re " +"engaging thought leaders and practitioners to define this new movement. They " +"have a separate Open Making site, which includes a manifesto, a field guide, " +"and an invitation to get involved in the Open Making community.<placeholder " +"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> People can submit ideas and discuss the " +"principles and business practices they’d like to see used." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6792 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6812 msgid "" "Nick and Joni talked a lot with us about intellectual property (IP) and " "commercialization. Many of their designers fear the idea that someone could " @@ -8898,29 +9023,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6800 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6820 msgid "" "Opendesk established a set of principles for what their community considers " "commercial and noncommercial use. Their website states:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6804 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6824 msgid "It is unambiguously commercial use when anyone:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6809 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6829 msgid "charges a fee or makes a profit when making an Opendesk" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6814 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6834 msgid "sells (or bases a commercial service on) an Opendesk" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6819 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6839 msgid "" "It follows from this that noncommercial use is when you make an Opendesk " "yourself, with no intention to gain commercial advantage or monetary " @@ -8928,28 +9053,28 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6827 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6847 msgid "" "you are an individual with your own CNC machine, or access to a shared CNC " "machine, and will personally cut and make a few pieces of furniture yourself" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6834 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6854 msgid "" "you are a student (or teacher) and you use the design files for educational " "purposes or training (and do not intend to sell the resulting pieces)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6841 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6861 msgid "" "you work for a charity and get furniture cut by volunteers, or by employees " "at a fab lab or maker space" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6847 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6867 msgid "" "Whether or not people technically are doing things that implicate IP, Nick " "and Joni have found that people tend to comply with the wishes of creators " @@ -8957,11 +9082,12 @@ msgid "" "replace some of the thorny legal issues. In their business model, Nick and " "Joni are trying to suspend the focus on IP and build an open business model " "that works for all stakeholders—designers, channels, manufacturers, and " -"customers. For them, the value Opendesk generates hangs off “open,” not IP." +"customers. For them, the value Opendesk generates hangs off <quote>open,</" +"quote> not IP." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6858 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6878 msgid "" "The mission of Opendesk is about relocalizing manufacturing, which changes " "the way we think about how goods are made. Commercialization is integral to " @@ -8971,7 +9097,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6865 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6885 msgid "" "As a global platform for local making, Opendesk’s business model has been " "built on honesty, transparency, and inclusivity. As Nick and Joni describe " @@ -8979,12 +9105,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6872 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6892 msgid "OpenStax" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6875 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6895 msgid "" "OpenStax is a nonprofit that provides free, openly licensed textbooks for " "high-enrollment introductory college courses and Advanced Placement courses. " @@ -8992,45 +9118,45 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6880 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6900 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.openstaxcollege.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6882 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6902 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: grant funding, charging " "for custom services, charging for physical copies (textbook sales)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6886 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6906 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: December 16, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6889 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6909 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: David Harris, editor-in-" "chief" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6897 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6917 msgid "" "OpenStax is an extension of a program called Connexions, which was started " -"in 1999 by Dr. Richard Baraniuk, the Victor E. Cameron Professor of " +"in 1999 by Dr. Richard Baraniuk, the Victor E. Cameron Professor of " "Electrical and Computer Engineering at Rice University in Houston, Texas. " -"Frustrated by the limitations of traditional textbooks and courses, Dr. " -"Baraniuk wanted to provide authors and learners a way to share and freely " -"adapt educational materials such as courses, books, and reports. Today, " -"Connexions (now called OpenStax CNX) is one of the world’s best libraries of " -"customizable educational materials, all licensed with Creative Commons and " -"available to anyone, anywhere, anytime—for free." +"Frustrated by the limitations of traditional textbooks and courses, " +"Dr. Baraniuk wanted to provide authors and learners a way to share and " +"freely adapt educational materials such as courses, books, and reports. " +"Today, Connexions (now called OpenStax CNX) is one of the world’s best " +"libraries of customizable educational materials, all licensed with Creative " +"Commons and available to anyone, anywhere, anytime—for free." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6909 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6929 msgid "" "In 2008, while in a senior leadership role at WebAssign and looking at ways " "to reduce the risk that came with relying on publishers, David Harris began " @@ -9043,7 +9169,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6920 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6940 msgid "" "David brought with him a deep understanding of the best practices of " "publishing along with where publishers have inefficiencies. In David’s view, " @@ -9057,14 +9183,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6938 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6958 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://news.rice.edu/files/2016/01/0119-" "OPENSTAX-2016Infographic-lg-1tahxiu.jpg\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6932 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6952 msgid "" "In 2012, OpenStax College launched as a nonprofit with the aim of producing " "high-quality, peer-reviewed full-color textbooks that would be available for " @@ -9077,7 +9203,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6942 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6962 msgid "" "OpenStax textbooks are all Attribution (CC BY) licensed, and each textbook " "is available as a PDF, an e-book, or web pages. Those who want a physical " @@ -9088,7 +9214,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6951 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6971 msgid "" "Teachers are invited to try out a single chapter from one of the textbooks " "with students. If that goes well, they’re encouraged to adopt the entire " @@ -9098,7 +9224,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6959 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6979 msgid "" "Any teacher can post corrections, suggest examples for difficult concepts, " "or volunteer as an editor or author. As many teachers also want supplemental " @@ -9107,12 +9233,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6970 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6990 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://openstax.org/adopters\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6966 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6986 msgid "" "Institutions can stand out by offering students a lower-cost education " "through the use of OpenStax textbooks; there’s even a textbook-savings " @@ -9122,7 +9248,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6973 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6993 msgid "" "Unlike traditional publishers’ monolithic approach of controlling " "intellectual property, distribution, and so many other aspects, OpenStax has " @@ -9131,7 +9257,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6979 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6999 msgid "" "Up-front funding of a professionally produced all-color turnkey textbook is " "expensive. For this part of their model, OpenStax relies on philanthropy. " @@ -9144,7 +9270,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6990 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7010 msgid "" "However, ongoing operations will not rely on foundation grants but instead " "on funds received through an ecosystem of over forty partners, whereby a " @@ -9156,7 +9282,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7000 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7020 msgid "" "Another example is Odigia, who has turned OpenStax books into interactive " "learning experiences and created additional tools to measure and promote " @@ -9168,7 +9294,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7010 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7030 msgid "" "In David’s view, this approach lets the market operate at peak efficiency. " "OpenStax’s partners don’t have to worry about developing textbook content, " @@ -9181,7 +9307,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7022 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7042 msgid "" "OpenStax’s cost of sales to acquire a single student is very, very low and " "is a fraction of what traditional players in the market face. This year, " @@ -9191,7 +9317,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7030 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7050 msgid "" "While OpenStax books are available online for free, many students still want " "a print copy. Through a partnership with a print and courier company, " @@ -9203,7 +9329,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7040 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7060 msgid "" "Campus-based bookstores are part of the OpenStax solution. OpenStax " "collaborates with NACSCORP (the National Association of College Stores " @@ -9218,18 +9344,18 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7053 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7073 msgid "" -"David thinks of the OpenStax model as “OER 2.0.” So what is OER 1.0? " -"Historically in the OER field, many OER initiatives have been locally funded " -"by institutions or government ministries. In David’s view, this results in " -"content that has high local value but is infrequently adopted nationally. " -"It’s therefore difficult to show payback over a time scale that is " -"reasonable." +"David thinks of the OpenStax model as <quote>OER 2.0.</quote> So what is OER " +"1.0? Historically in the OER field, many OER initiatives have been locally " +"funded by institutions or government ministries. In David’s view, this " +"results in content that has high local value but is infrequently adopted " +"nationally. It’s therefore difficult to show payback over a time scale that " +"is reasonable." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7061 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7081 msgid "" "OER 2.0 is about OER intended to be used and adopted on a national level " "right from the start. This requires a bigger investment up front but pays " @@ -9243,7 +9369,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7074 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7094 msgid "" "The process is similar for both models. First they look at the scope and " "sequence of existing textbooks. They ask questions like what does the " @@ -9262,7 +9388,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7092 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7112 msgid "" "All the people involved in this process are paid. OpenStax does not rely on " "volunteers. Writers, reviewers, illustrators, and editors are all paid an up-" @@ -9274,18 +9400,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7102 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7122 msgid "" -"David thinks of the Attribution license (CC BY) as the “innovation license.” " -"It’s core to the mission of OpenStax, letting people use their textbooks in " -"innovative ways without having to ask for permission. It frees up the whole " -"market and has been central to OpenStax being able to bring on partners. " -"OpenStax sees a lot of customization of their materials. By enabling " -"frictionless remixing, CC BY gives teachers control and academic freedom." +"David thinks of the Attribution license (CC BY) as the <quote>innovation " +"license.</quote> It’s core to the mission of OpenStax, letting people use " +"their textbooks in innovative ways without having to ask for permission. It " +"frees up the whole market and has been central to OpenStax being able to " +"bring on partners. OpenStax sees a lot of customization of their materials. " +"By enabling frictionless remixing, CC BY gives teachers control and academic " +"freedom." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7111 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7132 msgid "" "Using CC BY is also a good example of using strategies that traditional " "publishers can’t. Traditional publishers rely on copyright to prevent others " @@ -9297,34 +9424,34 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7121 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7142 msgid "" "As of September 16, 2016, OpenStax has achieved some impressive results. " "From the OpenStax at a Glance fact sheet from their recent press kit:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7128 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7149 msgid "Books published: 23" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7133 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7154 msgid "Students who have used OpenStax: 1.6 million" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7138 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7159 msgid "Money saved for students: $155 million" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7143 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7164 msgid "Money saved for students in the 2016/17 academic year: $77 million" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7149 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7170 msgid "" "Schools that have used OpenStax: 2,668 (This number reflects all " "institutions using at least one OpenStax textbook. Out of 2,668 schools, 517 " @@ -9333,7 +9460,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7158 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7179 msgid "" "While OpenStax has to date been focused on the United States, there is " "overseas adoption especially in the science, technology, engineering, and " @@ -9342,7 +9469,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7165 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7186 msgid "" "OpenStax has primarily focused on introductory-level college courses where " "there is high enrollment, but they are starting to think about verticals—a " @@ -9352,7 +9479,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7173 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7194 msgid "" "Finally, for OpenStax success is not just about the adoption of their " "textbooks and student savings. There is a human aspect to the work that is " @@ -9365,22 +9492,22 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7186 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7207 msgid "Amanda Palmer" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7189 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7210 msgid "Amanda Palmer is a musician, artist, and writer. Based in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7193 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7214 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://amandapalmer.net\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7195 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7216 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: crowdfunding " "(subscription-based), pay-what-you-want, charging for physical copies (book " @@ -9389,12 +9516,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7200 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7221 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: December 15, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7210 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7232 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.forbes.com/sites/zackomalleygreenburg/2015/04/16/" "amanda-palmer-uncut-the-kickstarter-queen-on-spotify-patreon-and-taylor-" @@ -9402,35 +9529,36 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7208 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7229 msgid "" "Since the beginning of her career, Amanda Palmer has been on what she calls " -"a “journey with no roadmap,” continually experimenting to find new ways to " -"sustain her creative work.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"a <quote>journey with no roadmap,</quote> continually experimenting to find " +"new ways to sustain her creative work.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" +"\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7213 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7235 msgid "" "In her best-selling book, The Art of Asking, Amanda articulates exactly what " -"she has been and continues to strive for—“the ideal sweet spot . . . in " -"which the artist can share freely and directly feel the reverberations of " -"their artistic gifts to the community, and make a living doing that.”" +"she has been and continues to strive for—<quote>the ideal sweet spot . . . " +"in which the artist can share freely and directly feel the reverberations of " +"their artistic gifts to the community, and make a living doing that.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7220 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7242 msgid "" "While she seems to have successfully found that sweet spot for herself, " "Amanda is the first to acknowledge there is no silver bullet. She thinks the " -"digital age is both an exciting and frustrating time for creators. “On the " -"one hand, we have this beautiful shareability,” Amanda said. “On the other, " -"you’ve got a bunch of confused artists wondering how to make money to buy " -"food so we can make more art.”" +"digital age is both an exciting and frustrating time for creators. <quote>On " +"the one hand, we have this beautiful shareability,</quote> Amanda said. " +"<quote>On the other, you’ve got a bunch of confused artists wondering how to " +"make money to buy food so we can make more art.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7229 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7251 msgid "" "Amanda began her artistic career as a street performer. She would dress up " "in an antique wedding gown, paint her face white, stand on a stack of milk " @@ -9438,52 +9566,56 @@ msgid "" "performance. She collected money in a hat. Most people walked by her without " "stopping, but an essential few stopped to watch and drop some money into her " "hat to show their appreciation. Rather than dwelling on the majority of " -"people who ignored her, she felt thankful for those who stopped. “All I " -"needed was . . . some people,” she wrote in her book. “Enough people. Enough " -"to make it worth coming back the next day, enough people to help me make " -"rent and put food on the table. Enough so I could keep making art.”" +"people who ignored her, she felt thankful for those who stopped. <quote>All " +"I needed was . . . some people,</quote> she wrote in her book. <quote>Enough " +"people. Enough to make it worth coming back the next day, enough people to " +"help me make rent and put food on the table. Enough so I could keep making " +"art.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7243 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7265 msgid "" "Amanda has come a long way from her street-performing days, but her career " -"remains dominated by that same sentiment—finding ways to reach “her crowd” " -"and feeling gratitude when she does. With her band the Dresden Dolls, Amanda " -"tried the traditional path of signing with a record label. It didn’t take " -"for a variety of reasons, but one of them was that the label had absolutely " -"no interest in Amanda’s view of success. They wanted hits, but making music " -"for the masses was never what Amanda and the Dresden Dolls set out to do." +"remains dominated by that same sentiment—finding ways to reach <quote>her " +"crowd</quote> and feeling gratitude when she does. With her band the Dresden " +"Dolls, Amanda tried the traditional path of signing with a record label. It " +"didn’t take for a variety of reasons, but one of them was that the label had " +"absolutely no interest in Amanda’s view of success. They wanted hits, but " +"making music for the masses was never what Amanda and the Dresden Dolls set " +"out to do." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7254 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7276 msgid "" "After leaving the record label in 2008, she began experimenting with " "different ways to make a living. She released music directly to the public " -"without involving a middle man, releasing digital files on a “pay what you " -"want” basis and selling CDs and vinyl. She also made money from live " -"performances and merchandise sales. Eventually, in 2012 she decided to try " -"her hand at the sort of crowdfunding we know so well today. Her Kickstarter " -"project started with a goal of $100,000, and she made $1.2 million. It " -"remains one of the most successful Kickstarter projects of all time." +"without involving a middle man, releasing digital files on a <quote>pay what " +"you want</quote> basis and selling CDs and vinyl. She also made money from " +"live performances and merchandise sales. Eventually, in 2012 she decided to " +"try her hand at the sort of crowdfunding we know so well today. Her " +"Kickstarter project started with a goal of $100,000, and she made $1.2 " +"million. It remains one of the most successful Kickstarter projects of all " +"time." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7266 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7288 msgid "" "Today, Amanda has switched gears away from crowdfunding for specific " "projects to instead getting consistent financial support from her fan base " "on Patreon, a crowdfunding site that allows artists to get recurring " "donations from fans. More than eight thousand people have signed up to " -"support her so she can create music, art, and any other creative “thing” " -"that she is inspired to make. The recurring pledges are made on a “per " -"thing” basis. All of the content she makes is made freely available under an " -"Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license (CC BY-NC-SA)." +"support her so she can create music, art, and any other creative " +"<quote>thing</quote> that she is inspired to make. The recurring pledges are " +"made on a <quote>per thing</quote> basis. All of the content she makes is " +"made freely available under an Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license " +"(CC BY-NC-SA)." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7277 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7300 msgid "" "Making her music and art available under Creative Commons licensing " "undoubtedly limits her options for how she makes a living. But sharing her " @@ -9492,37 +9624,39 @@ msgid "" "to get ten emails per week from fans asking if they could use their music " "for different projects. They said yes to all of the requests, as long as it " "wasn’t for a completely for-profit venture. At the time, they used a short-" -"form agreement written by Amanda herself. “I made everyone sign that " +"form agreement written by Amanda herself. <quote>I made everyone sign that " "contract so at least I wouldn’t be leaving the band vulnerable to someone " -"later going on and putting our music in a Camel cigarette ad,” Amanda said. " -"Once she discovered Creative Commons, adopting the licenses was an easy " -"decision because it gave them a more formal, standardized way of doing what " -"they had been doing all along. The NonCommercial licenses were a natural fit." +"later going on and putting our music in a Camel cigarette ad,</quote> Amanda " +"said. Once she discovered Creative Commons, adopting the licenses was an " +"easy decision because it gave them a more formal, standardized way of doing " +"what they had been doing all along. The NonCommercial licenses were a " +"natural fit." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7295 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7318 msgid "" "Amanda embraces the way her fans share and build upon her music. In The Art " "of Asking, she wrote that some of her fans’ unofficial videos using her " "music surpass the official videos in number of views on YouTube. Rather than " -"seeing this sort of thing as competition, Amanda celebrates it. “We got into " -"this because we wanted to share the joy of music,” she said." +"seeing this sort of thing as competition, Amanda celebrates it. <quote>We " +"got into this because we wanted to share the joy of music,</quote> she said." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7303 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7326 msgid "" "This is symbolic of how nearly everything she does in her career is " "motivated by a desire to connect with her fans. At the start of her career, " "she and the band would throw concerts at house parties. As the gatherings " -"grew, the line between fans and friends was completely blurred. “Not only " -"did most our early fans know where I lived and where we practiced, but most " -"of them had also been in my kitchen,” Amanda wrote in The Art of Asking." +"grew, the line between fans and friends was completely blurred. <quote>Not " +"only did most our early fans know where I lived and where we practiced, but " +"most of them had also been in my kitchen,</quote> Amanda wrote in The Art of " +"Asking." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7312 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7336 msgid "" "Even though her fan base is now huge and global, she continues to seek this " "sort of human connection with her fans. She seeks out face-to-face contact " @@ -9531,11 +9665,12 @@ msgid "" "the signing line after shows. It helps that Amanda has the kind of dynamic, " "engaging personality that instantly draws people to her, but a big component " "of her ability to connect with people is her willingness to listen. " -"“Listening fast and caring immediately is a skill unto itself,” Amanda wrote." +"<quote>Listening fast and caring immediately is a skill unto itself,</quote> " +"Amanda wrote." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7324 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7348 msgid "" "Another part of the connection fans feel with Amanda is how much they know " "about her life. Rather than trying to craft a public persona or image, she " @@ -9547,18 +9682,18 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7334 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7357 msgid "" -"“With social media, we’re so concerned with the picture looking palatable " -"and consumable that we forget that being human and showing the flaws and " -"exposing the vulnerability actually create a deeper connection than just " -"looking fantastic,” Amanda said. “Everything in our culture is telling us " -"otherwise. But my experience has shown me that the risk of making yourself " -"vulnerable is almost always worth it.”" +"<quote>With social media, we’re so concerned with the picture looking " +"palatable and consumable that we forget that being human and showing the " +"flaws and exposing the vulnerability actually create a deeper connection " +"than just looking fantastic,</quote> Amanda said. <quote>Everything in our " +"culture is telling us otherwise. But my experience has shown me that the " +"risk of making yourself vulnerable is almost always worth it.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7343 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7366 msgid "" "Not only does she disclose intimate details of her life to them, she sleeps " "on their couches, listens to their stories, cries with them. In short, she " @@ -9570,7 +9705,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7353 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7376 msgid "" "After years of investing time and energy into building trust with her fans, " "she has a strong enough relationship with them to ask for support—through " @@ -9582,29 +9717,30 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7363 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7385 msgid "" -"“When you openly, radically trust people, they not only take care of you, " -"they become your allies, your family,” she wrote. There really is a feeling " -"of solidarity within her core fan base. From the beginning, Amanda and her " -"band encouraged people to dress up for their shows. They consciously " -"cultivated a feeling of belonging to their “weird little family.”" +"<quote>When you openly, radically trust people, they not only take care of " +"you, they become your allies, your family,</quote> she wrote. There really " +"is a feeling of solidarity within her core fan base. From the beginning, " +"Amanda and her band encouraged people to dress up for their shows. They " +"consciously cultivated a feeling of belonging to their <quote>weird little " +"family.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7371 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7393 msgid "" "This sort of intimacy with fans is not possible or even desirable for every " -"creator. “I don’t take for granted that I happen to be the type of person " -"who loves cavorting with strangers,” Amanda said. “I recognize that it’s not " -"necessarily everyone’s idea of a good time. Everyone does it differently. " -"Replicating what I have done won’t work for others if it isn’t joyful to " -"them. It’s about finding a way to channel energy in a way that is joyful to " -"you.”" +"creator. <quote>I don’t take for granted that I happen to be the type of " +"person who loves cavorting with strangers,</quote> Amanda said. <quote>I " +"recognize that it’s not necessarily everyone’s idea of a good time. Everyone " +"does it differently. Replicating what I have done won’t work for others if " +"it isn’t joyful to them. It’s about finding a way to channel energy in a way " +"that is joyful to you.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7380 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7403 msgid "" "Yet while Amanda joyfully interacts with her fans and involves them in her " "work as much as possible, she does keep one job primarily to herself—writing " @@ -9619,18 +9755,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7393 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7416 msgid "" "For Amanda, the entire point of being an artist is to establish and maintain " -"this connection. “It sounds so corny,” she said, “but my experience in forty " -"years on this planet has pointed me to an obvious truth—that connection with " -"human beings feels so much better and more fulfilling than approaching art " -"through a capitalist lens. There is no more satisfying end goal than having " -"someone tell you that what you do is genuinely of value to them.”" +"this connection. <quote>It sounds so corny,</quote> she said, <quote>but my " +"experience in forty years on this planet has pointed me to an obvious truth—" +"that connection with human beings feels so much better and more fulfilling " +"than approaching art through a capitalist lens. There is no more satisfying " +"end goal than having someone tell you that what you do is genuinely of value " +"to them.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7402 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7426 msgid "" "As she explains it, when a fan gives her a ten-dollar bill, usually what " "they are saying is that the money symbolizes some deeper value the music " @@ -9642,12 +9779,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7413 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7437 msgid "PLOS (Public Library of Science)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7416 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7440 msgid "" "PLOS (Public Library of Science) is a nonprofit that publishes a library of " "academic journals and other scientific literature. Founded in 2000 in the U." @@ -9655,30 +9792,30 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7421 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7445 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://plos.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7423 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7447 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging content " "creators an author processing charge to be featured in the journal" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7427 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7451 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: March 7, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7429 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7453 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Louise Page, publisher" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7437 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7461 msgid "" "The Public Library of Science (PLOS) began in 2000 when three leading " "scientists—Harold E. Varmus, Patrick O. Brown, and Michael Eisen—started an " @@ -9694,7 +9831,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7451 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7475 msgid "" "Traditionally, academic publishing begins with an author submitting a " "manuscript to a publisher. After in-house technical and ethical " @@ -9708,7 +9845,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7462 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7486 msgid "" "For Louise Page, the current publisher of PLOS, this traditional model " "results in inequity. Access is restricted to those who can pay. Most " @@ -9722,7 +9859,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7474 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7498 msgid "" "That new model became known as open access. That is, free and open " "availability on the Internet. Open-access research articles are not behind a " @@ -9736,7 +9873,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7486 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7510 msgid "" "However, open access requires rethinking the business model of research " "publication. Rather than charge a subscription fee to access the journal, " @@ -9750,7 +9887,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7498 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7522 msgid "" "Calculating the article-processing charge involves taking all the costs " "associated with publishing the journal and determining a cost per article " @@ -9762,7 +9899,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7507 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7531 msgid "" "PLOS believes that lack of funds should not be a barrier to publication. " "Since its inception, PLOS has provided fee support for individuals and " @@ -9770,7 +9907,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7513 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7537 msgid "" "Louise identifies marketing as one area of big difference between PLOS and " "traditional journal publishers. Traditional journals have to invest heavily " @@ -9788,7 +9925,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7530 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7554 msgid "" "For Louise, PLOS would not exist without the Attribution license (CC BY). " "This makes it very clear what rights are associated with the content and " @@ -9799,7 +9936,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7538 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7562 msgid "" "PLOS also has a broad open-data policy. To get their research paper " "published, PLOS authors must also make their data available in a public " @@ -9807,7 +9944,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7543 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7567 msgid "" "Business-operation costs associated with the open-access model still largely " "follow the existing publishing model. PLOS journals are online only, but the " @@ -9818,7 +9955,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7552 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7576 msgid "" "Researchers are influenced by journal rankings, which reflect the place of a " "journal within its field, the relative difficulty of being published in that " @@ -9827,7 +9964,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7558 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7582 msgid "" "The promotion and tenure of researchers are partially based how many times " "other researchers cite their articles. Louise says when researchers want to " @@ -9838,7 +9975,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7567 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7591 msgid "" "Louise believes that open access has been a huge success, progressing from a " "movement led by a small cadre of researchers to something that is now " @@ -9848,7 +9985,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7575 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7599 msgid "" "PLOS further disrupted the traditional journal-publishing model by " "pioneering the concept of a megajournal. The PLOS ONE megajournal, launched " @@ -9872,7 +10009,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7599 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7623 msgid "" "Louise outlined some other aspects of the research-journal business model " "PLOS is experimenting with, describing each as a kind of slider that could " @@ -9880,7 +10017,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7604 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7628 msgid "" "One slider is time to publication. Time to publication may shorten as " "journals get better at providing quicker decisions to authors. However, " @@ -9889,7 +10026,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7611 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7635 msgid "" "Peer review is another part of the process that could change. It’s possible " "to redefine what peer review actually is, when to review, and what " @@ -9903,7 +10040,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7623 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7647 msgid "" "Louise says research with negative outcomes is almost as important as " "positive results. If journals published more research with negative " @@ -9912,7 +10049,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7630 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7654 msgid "" "Another adjustable practice is the sharing of articles at early preprint " "stages. Publication of research in a peer-reviewed journal can take a long " @@ -9930,7 +10067,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7648 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7672 msgid "" "What constitutes a journal article could also change. The idea of a research " "article as printed, bound, and in a library stack is outdated. Digital and " @@ -9942,17 +10079,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7662 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7686 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://collections.plos.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7666 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7690 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://plos.org/article-level-metrics\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7658 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7682 msgid "" "As journals scale up, and new journals are introduced, more and more " "information is being pushed out to readers, making the experience feel like " @@ -9968,7 +10105,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7671 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7695 msgid "" "The big picture for PLOS going forward is to combine and adjust these " "experimental practices in ways that continue to improve accessibility and " @@ -9980,7 +10117,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7681 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7705 msgid "" "For PLOS, success is not about revenue. Success is about proving that " "scientific research can be communicated rapidly and economically at scale, " @@ -9992,7 +10129,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7691 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7715 msgid "" "Ultimately, for PLOS, its authors, and its readers, success is about making " "research discoverable, available, and reproducible for the advancement of " @@ -10000,24 +10137,24 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7697 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7721 msgid "Rijksmuseum" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7700 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7724 msgid "" "The Rijksmuseum is a Dutch national museum dedicated to art and history. " "Founded in 1800 in the Netherlands" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7704 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7728 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7706 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7730 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: grants and government " "funding, charging for in-person version (museum admission), selling " @@ -10025,19 +10162,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7710 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7734 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: December 11, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7713 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7737 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Lizzy Jongma, the data " "manager of the collections information department" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7721 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7745 msgid "" "The Rijksmuseum, a national museum in the Netherlands dedicated to art and " "history, has been housed in its current building since 1885. The monumental " @@ -10054,7 +10191,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7737 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7761 msgid "" "By the time Lizzy Jongma joined the Rijksmuseum in 2011 as a data manager, " "staff were fed up with the situation the museum was in. They also realized " @@ -10070,7 +10207,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7751 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7775 msgid "" "It was effective but a bit boring. It was just data. A hackathon they were " "invited to got them to start talking about events like that as having " @@ -10081,12 +10218,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7762 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7786 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.europeana.eu/portal/en\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7760 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7784 msgid "" "Then, Lizzy says, Europeana came along. Europeana is Europe’s digital " "library, museum, and archive for cultural heritage.<placeholder type=" @@ -10102,9 +10239,9 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7774 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7798 msgid "" -"They realized that they don’t “own” the collection and couldn’t " +"They realized that they don’t <quote>own</quote> the collection and couldn’t " "realistically monitor and enforce compliance with the restrictive licensing " "terms they currently had in place. For example, many copies and versions of " "Vermeer’s Milkmaid (part of their collection) were already online, many of " @@ -10116,7 +10253,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7787 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7811 msgid "" "In 2011 the Rijksmuseum began making their digital photos of works known to " "be free of copyright available online, using Creative Commons CC0 to place " @@ -10131,7 +10268,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7801 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7825 msgid "" "In 2013 the Rijksmuseum changed its business model. They Creative Commons " "licensed their highest-quality images and released them online for free. " @@ -10144,7 +10281,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7812 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7836 msgid "" "Releasing these high-quality images for free reduced the number of poor-" "quality images that were proliferating. The high-quality image of Vermeer’s " @@ -10154,13 +10291,13 @@ msgid "" "found in other platforms. For example, Rijksmuseum images are now used in " "thousands of Wikipedia articles, receiving ten to eleven million views per " "month. This extends Rijksmuseum’s reach far beyond the scope of its website. " -"Sharing these images online creates what Lizzy calls the “Mona Lisa effect,” " -"where a work of art becomes so famous that people want to see it in real " -"life by visiting the actual museum." +"Sharing these images online creates what Lizzy calls the <quote>Mona Lisa " +"effect,</quote> where a work of art becomes so famous that people want to " +"see it in real life by visiting the actual museum." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7827 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7851 msgid "" "Every museum tends to be driven by the number of physical visitors. The " "Rijksmuseum is primarily publicly funded, receiving roughly 70 percent of " @@ -10171,7 +10308,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7835 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7859 msgid "" "As museums create a digital presence for themselves and put up digital " "representations of their collection online, there’s frequently a worry that " @@ -10186,12 +10323,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7855 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7879 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7849 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7873 msgid "" "In 2011 the Rijksmuseum received €1 million from the Dutch lottery to create " "a new web presence that would be different from any other museum’s. In " @@ -10202,20 +10339,20 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7858 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7882 msgid "" "The Rijksstudio gives users access to over two hundred thousand high-quality " "digital representations of masterworks from the collection. Users can zoom " "in to any work and even clip small parts of images they like. Rijksstudio is " -"a bit like Pinterest. You can “like” works and compile your personal " -"favorites, and you can share them with friends or download them free of " -"charge. All the images in the Rijksstudio are copyright and royalty free, " -"and users are encouraged to use them as they like, for private or even " +"a bit like Pinterest. You can <quote>like</quote> works and compile your " +"personal favorites, and you can share them with friends or download them " +"free of charge. All the images in the Rijksstudio are copyright and royalty " +"free, and users are encouraged to use them as they like, for private or even " "commercial purposes." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7869 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7893 msgid "" "Users have created over 276,000 Rijksstudios, generating their own themed " "virtual exhibitions on a wide variety of topics ranging from tapestries to " @@ -10224,7 +10361,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7876 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7900 msgid "" "Some contemporary artists who have works in the Rijksmuseum collection " "contacted them to ask why their works were not included in the Rijksstudio. " @@ -10237,14 +10374,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7896 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7920 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.etsy.com/ca/listing/175696771/fringe-kimono-silk-" "kimono-kimono-robe\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7887 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7911 msgid "" "The Rijksmuseum believes that art stimulates entrepreneurial activity. The " "line between creative and commercial can be blurry. As Lizzy says, even " @@ -10258,7 +10395,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7900 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7924 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-award\"/>; the 2014 " "award: <ulink url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-award-2014\"/>; " @@ -10267,14 +10404,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7912 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7936 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/rijksstudio/142328--nominees-" "rijksstudio-award/creaties/ba595afe-452d-46bd-9c8c-48dcbdd7f0a4\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7899 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7923 msgid "" "In 2013 the Rijksmuseum organized their first high-profile design " "competition, known as the Rijksstudio Award.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " @@ -10292,7 +10429,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7918 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7942 msgid "" "For the next iteration of the Rijksstudio, the Rijksmuseum is considering an " "upload tool, for people to upload their own works of art, and enhanced " @@ -10300,7 +10437,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7924 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7948 msgid "" "Going with a more open business model generated lots of publicity for the " "Rijksmuseum. They were one of the first museums to open up their collection " @@ -10311,7 +10448,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7933 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7957 msgid "" "The Rijksmuseum has been experimenting with other ways to invite the public " "to look at and interact with their collection. On an international day " @@ -10326,75 +10463,75 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7946 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7970 msgid "" "For the Rijksmuseum, adopting an open business model was scary. They came " "up with many worst-case scenarios, imagining all kinds of awful things " "people might do with the museum’s works. But Lizzy says those fears did not " -"come true because “ninety-nine percent of people have respect for great " -"art.” Many museums think they can make a lot of money by selling things " -"related to their collection. But in Lizzy’s experience, museums are usually " -"bad at selling things, and sometimes efforts to generate a small amount of " -"money block something much bigger—the real value that the collection has. " -"For Lizzy, clinging to small amounts of revenue is being penny-wise but " -"pound-foolish. For the Rijksmuseum, a key lesson has been to never lose " -"sight of its vision for the collection. Allowing access to and use of their " -"collection has generated great promotional value—far more than the previous " -"practice of charging fees for access and use. Lizzy sums up their " -"experience: “Give away; get something in return. Generosity makes people " -"happy to join you and help out.”" +"come true because <quote>ninety-nine percent of people have respect for " +"great art.</quote> Many museums think they can make a lot of money by " +"selling things related to their collection. But in Lizzy’s experience, " +"museums are usually bad at selling things, and sometimes efforts to generate " +"a small amount of money block something much bigger—the real value that the " +"collection has. For Lizzy, clinging to small amounts of revenue is being " +"penny-wise but pound-foolish. For the Rijksmuseum, a key lesson has been to " +"never lose sight of its vision for the collection. Allowing access to and " +"use of their collection has generated great promotional value—far more than " +"the previous practice of charging fees for access and use. Lizzy sums up " +"their experience: <quote>Give away; get something in return. Generosity " +"makes people happy to join you and help out.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7966 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7990 msgid "Shareable" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7969 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7993 msgid "" "Shareable is an online magazine about sharing. Founded in 2009 in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7973 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7997 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.shareable.net\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7975 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7999 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: grant funding, " "crowdfunding (project-based), donations, sponsorships" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7978 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8002 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 24, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7981 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8005 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Neal Gorenflo, cofounder " "and executive editor" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7989 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8013 msgid "" "In 2013, Shareable faced an impasse. The nonprofit online publication had " "helped start a sharing movement four years prior, but over time, they " "watched one part of the movement stray from its ideals. As giants like Uber " -"and Airbnb gained ground, attention began to center on the “sharing economy” " -"we know now—profit-driven, transactional, and loaded with venture-capital " -"money. Leaders of corporate start-ups in this domain invited Shareable to " -"advocate for them. The magazine faced a choice: ride the wave or stand on " -"principle." +"and Airbnb gained ground, attention began to center on the <quote>sharing " +"economy</quote> we know now—profit-driven, transactional, and loaded with " +"venture-capital money. Leaders of corporate start-ups in this domain invited " +"Shareable to advocate for them. The magazine faced a choice: ride the wave " +"or stand on principle." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8000 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8024 msgid "" "As an organization, Shareable decided to draw a line in the sand. In 2013, " "the cofounder and executive editor Neal Gorenflo wrote an opinion piece in " @@ -10402,23 +10539,24 @@ msgid "" "Valley version of the sharing economy, while contrasting it with aspects of " "the real sharing economy like open-source software, participatory budgeting " "(where citizens decide how a public budget is spent), cooperatives, and " -"more. He wrote, “It’s not so much that collaborative consumption is dead, " -"it’s more that it risks dying as it gets absorbed by the ‘Borg.’”" +"more. He wrote, <quote>It’s not so much that collaborative consumption is " +"dead, it’s more that it risks dying as it gets absorbed by the <quote>Borg.</" +"quote></quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8012 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8036 msgid "" "Neal said their public critique of the corporate sharing economy defined " "what Shareable was and is. He does not think the magazine would still be " -"around had they chosen differently. “We would have gotten another type of " -"audience, but it would have spelled the end of us,” he said. “We are a " -"small, mission-driven organization. We would never have been able to weather " -"the criticism that Airbnb and Uber are getting now.”" +"around had they chosen differently. <quote>We would have gotten another type " +"of audience, but it would have spelled the end of us,</quote> he said. " +"<quote>We are a small, mission-driven organization. We would never have been " +"able to weather the criticism that Airbnb and Uber are getting now.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8021 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8046 msgid "" "Interestingly, impassioned supporters are only a small sliver of Shareable’s " "total audience. Most are casual readers who come across a Shareable story " @@ -10426,69 +10564,70 @@ msgid "" "choosing principles over the possibility of riding the coattails of the " "major corporate players in the sharing space saved Shareable’s credibility. " "Although they became detached from the corporate sharing economy, the online " -"magazine became the voice of the “real sharing economy” and continued to " -"grow their audience." +"magazine became the voice of the <quote>real sharing economy</quote> and " +"continued to grow their audience." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8032 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8057 msgid "" "Shareable is a magazine, but the content they publish is a means to " "furthering their role as a leader and catalyst of a movement. Shareable " -"became a leader in the movement in 2009. “At that time, there was a sharing " -"movement bubbling beneath the surface, but no one was connecting the dots,” " -"Neal said. “We decided to step into that space and take on that role.” The " -"small team behind the nonprofit publication truly believed sharing could be " -"central to solving some of the major problems human beings face—resource " -"inequality, social isolation, and global warming." +"became a leader in the movement in 2009. <quote>At that time, there was a " +"sharing movement bubbling beneath the surface, but no one was connecting the " +"dots,</quote> Neal said. <quote>We decided to step into that space and take " +"on that role.</quote> The small team behind the nonprofit publication truly " +"believed sharing could be central to solving some of the major problems " +"human beings face—resource inequality, social isolation, and global warming." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8043 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8069 msgid "" "They have worked hard to find ways to tell stories that show different " -"metrics for success. “We wanted to change the notion of what constitutes the " -"good life,” Neal said. While they started out with a very broad focus on " -"sharing generally, today they emphasize stories about the physical commons " -"like “sharing cities” (i.e., urban areas managed in a sustainable, " -"cooperative way), as well as digital platforms that are run democratically. " -"They particularly focus on how-to content that help their readers make " -"changes in their own lives and communities." +"metrics for success. <quote>We wanted to change the notion of what " +"constitutes the good life,</quote> Neal said. While they started out with a " +"very broad focus on sharing generally, today they emphasize stories about " +"the physical commons like <quote>sharing cities</quote> (i.e., urban areas " +"managed in a sustainable, cooperative way), as well as digital platforms " +"that are run democratically. They particularly focus on how-to content that " +"help their readers make changes in their own lives and communities." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8054 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8081 msgid "" "More than half of Shareable’s stories are written by paid journalists that " -"are contracted by the magazine. “Particularly in content areas that are a " -"priority for us, we really want to go deep and control the quality,” Neal " -"said. The rest of the content is either contributed by guest writers, often " -"for free, or written by other publications from their network of content " -"publishers. Shareable is a member of the Post Growth Alliance, which " -"facilitates the sharing of content and audiences among a large and growing " -"group of mostly nonprofits. Each organization gets a chance to present " -"stories to the group, and the organizations can use and promote each other’s " -"stories. Much of the content created by the network is licensed with " -"Creative Commons." +"are contracted by the magazine. <quote>Particularly in content areas that " +"are a priority for us, we really want to go deep and control the quality,</" +"quote> Neal said. The rest of the content is either contributed by guest " +"writers, often for free, or written by other publications from their network " +"of content publishers. Shareable is a member of the Post Growth Alliance, " +"which facilitates the sharing of content and audiences among a large and " +"growing group of mostly nonprofits. Each organization gets a chance to " +"present stories to the group, and the organizations can use and promote each " +"other’s stories. Much of the content created by the network is licensed " +"with Creative Commons." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8068 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8096 msgid "" "All of Shareable’s original content is published under the Attribution " "license (CC BY), meaning it can be used for any purpose as long as credit is " "given to Shareable. Creative Commons licensing is aligned with Shareable’s " "vision, mission, and identity. That alone explains the organization’s " "embrace of the licenses for their content, but Neal also believes CC " -"licensing helps them increase their reach. “By using CC licensing,” he said, " -"“we realized we could reach far more people through a formal and informal " -"network of republishers or affiliates. That has definitely been the case. " -"It’s hard for us to measure the reach of other media properties, but most of " -"the outlets who republish our work have much bigger audiences than we do.”" +"licensing helps them increase their reach. <quote>By using CC licensing,</" +"quote> he said, <quote>we realized we could reach far more people through a " +"formal and informal network of republishers or affiliates. That has " +"definitely been the case. It’s hard for us to measure the reach of other " +"media properties, but most of the outlets who republish our work have much " +"bigger audiences than we do.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8082 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8111 msgid "" "In addition to their regular news and commentary online, Shareable has also " "experimented with book publishing. In 2012, they worked with a traditional " @@ -10500,7 +10639,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8092 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8121 msgid "" "In 2016, Shareable self-published a book of curated Shareable stories called " "How to: Share, Save Money and Have Fun. The book was available for sale, but " @@ -10509,7 +10648,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8099 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8128 msgid "" "This recent book is one of many fund-raising experiments Shareable has " "conducted in recent years. Currently, Shareable is primarily funded by " @@ -10521,33 +10660,33 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8109 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8138 msgid "" "For Shareable, success is very much about their impact on the world. This is " -"true for Neal, but also for everyone who works for Shareable. “We attract " -"passionate people,” Neal said. At times, that means employees work so hard " -"they burn out. Neal tries to stress to the Shareable team that another part " -"of success is having fun and taking care of yourself while you do something " -"you love. “A central part of human beings is that we long to be on a great " -"adventure with people we love,” he said. “We are a species who look over the " -"horizon and imagine and create new worlds, but we also seek the comfort of " -"hearth and home.”" +"true for Neal, but also for everyone who works for Shareable. <quote>We " +"attract passionate people,</quote> Neal said. At times, that means " +"employees work so hard they burn out. Neal tries to stress to the Shareable " +"team that another part of success is having fun and taking care of yourself " +"while you do something you love. <quote>A central part of human beings is " +"that we long to be on a great adventure with people we love,</quote> he " +"said. <quote>We are a species who look over the horizon and imagine and " +"create new worlds, but we also seek the comfort of hearth and home.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8121 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8151 msgid "" "In 2013, Shareable ran its first crowdfunding campaign to launch their " "Sharing Cities Network. Neal said at first they were on pace to fail " "spectacularly. They called in their advisers in a panic and asked for help. " -"The advice they received was simple—“Sit your ass in a chair and start " -"making calls.” That’s exactly what they did, and they ended up reaching " -"their $50,000 goal. Neal said the campaign helped them reach new people, but " -"the vast majority of backers were people in their existing base." +"The advice they received was simple—<quote>Sit your ass in a chair and start " +"making calls.</quote> That’s exactly what they did, and they ended up " +"reaching their $50,000 goal. Neal said the campaign helped them reach new " +"people, but the vast majority of backers were people in their existing base." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8131 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8161 msgid "" "For Neal, this symbolized how so much of success comes down to " "relationships. Over time, Shareable has invested time and energy into the " @@ -10557,25 +10696,25 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8138 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8168 msgid "" "Shareable began hosting events in 2010. These events were designed to bring " "the sharing community together. But over time they realized they could reach " -"far more people if they helped their readers to host their own events. “If " -"we wanted to go big on a conference, there was a huge risk and huge staffing " -"needs, plus only a fraction of our community could travel to the event,” " -"Neal said. Enabling others to create their own events around the globe " -"allowed them to scale up their work more effectively and reach far more " -"people. Shareable has catalyzed three hundred different events reaching over " -"twenty thousand people since implementing this strategy three years ago. " -"Going forward, Shareable is focusing the network on creating and " -"distributing content meant to spur local action. For instance, Shareable " -"will publish a new CC-licensed book in 2017 filled with ideas for their " -"network to implement." +"far more people if they helped their readers to host their own events. " +"<quote>If we wanted to go big on a conference, there was a huge risk and " +"huge staffing needs, plus only a fraction of our community could travel to " +"the event,</quote> Neal said. Enabling others to create their own events " +"around the globe allowed them to scale up their work more effectively and " +"reach far more people. Shareable has catalyzed three hundred different " +"events reaching over twenty thousand people since implementing this strategy " +"three years ago. Going forward, Shareable is focusing the network on " +"creating and distributing content meant to spur local action. For instance, " +"Shareable will publish a new CC-licensed book in 2017 filled with ideas for " +"their network to implement." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8155 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8185 msgid "" "Neal says Shareable stumbled upon this strategy, but it seems to perfectly " "encapsulate just how the commons is supposed to work. Rather than a one-" @@ -10584,12 +10723,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8163 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8193 msgid "Siyavula" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8166 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8196 msgid "" "Siyavula is a for-profit educational-technology company that creates " "textbooks and integrated learning experiences. Founded in 2012 in South " @@ -10597,29 +10736,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8171 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8201 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.siyavula.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8173 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8203 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for custom " "services, sponsorships" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8176 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8206 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: April 5, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8178 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8208 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Mark Horner, CEO" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8185 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8215 msgid "" "Openness is a key principle for Siyavula. They believe that every learner " "and teacher should have access to high-quality educational resources, as " @@ -10629,7 +10768,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8193 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8223 msgid "" "In terms of creating an open business model that involves Creative Commons, " "Siyavula—and its founder, Mark Horner—have been around the block a few " @@ -10638,7 +10777,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8200 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8230 msgid "" "It all started in 2002, when Mark and several other colleagues at the " "University of Cape Town in South Africa founded the Free High School Science " @@ -10648,12 +10787,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8211 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8241 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8208 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8238 msgid "" "As physicists, Mark and his colleagues were advocates of open-source " "software. To make the books open and free, they adopted the Free Software " @@ -10665,7 +10804,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8217 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8247 msgid "" "In 2007, the Shuttleworth Foundation offered funding support to make the " "textbooks available for trial use at more schools. Surveys before and after " @@ -10675,7 +10814,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8225 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8255 msgid "" "But the development of new textbooks froze at this stage. Mark shifted his " "focus to rural schools, which didn’t have textbooks at all, and looked into " @@ -10684,12 +10823,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8235 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8265 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.capetowndeclaration.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8231 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8261 msgid "" "In 2007, Shuttleworth and the Open Society Institute convened a group of " "open-education activists for a small but lively meeting in Cape Town. One " @@ -10701,7 +10840,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8240 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8270 msgid "" "They wrote six original textbooks. A small publishing company offered " "Shuttleworth the option to buy out the publisher’s existing K–9 content for " @@ -10711,7 +10850,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8248 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8278 msgid "" "Mark wanted to build out the remaining curricula collaboratively through " "communities of practice—that is, with fellow educators and writers. Although " @@ -10727,12 +10866,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8267 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8297 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://cnx.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8263 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8293 msgid "" "Not only did Mark want the resources to be shareable, he wanted all teachers " "to be able to remix and edit the content. Mark and his team had to come up " @@ -10744,7 +10883,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8271 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8301 msgid "" "Then the Shuttleworth Foundation decided to completely restructure its work " "as a foundation into a fellowship model (for reasons completely unrelated to " @@ -10753,7 +10892,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8278 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8308 msgid "" "Mark and his team experimented with several different strategies. They " "tried creating an authoring and hosting platform called Full Marks so that " @@ -10764,7 +10903,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8286 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8316 msgid "" "Then the South African government approached Siyavula with an interest in " "printing out the original six Free High School Science Texts (math and " @@ -10775,7 +10914,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8294 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8324 msgid "" "They began to conceive of the six books as having massive marketing " "potential for Siyavula. Printing Siyavula books for every kid in South " @@ -10786,7 +10925,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8303 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8333 msgid "" "Mark and his team began imagining what they could develop beyond what was in " "the textbooks as a service they charge for. One key thing you can’t do well " @@ -10800,7 +10939,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8316 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8346 msgid "" "The costs for using Intelligent Practice were set very low, making it " "accessible even to those with limited financial means. Siyavula was going " @@ -10809,7 +10948,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8322 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8352 msgid "" "The government distributed the books to 1.5 million students, but there was " "an unexpected wrinkle: the books were delivered late. Rather than wait, " @@ -10820,18 +10959,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8331 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8361 msgid "" "Siyavula’s site did see a dramatic increase in traffic. They got five " "hundred thousand visitors per month to their math site and the same number " -"to their science site. Two-fifths of the traffic was reading on a “feature " -"phone” (a nonsmartphone with no apps). People on basic phones were reading " -"math and science on a two-inch screen at all hours of the day. To Mark, it " -"was quite amazing and spoke to a need they were servicing." +"to their science site. Two-fifths of the traffic was reading on a " +"<quote>feature phone</quote> (a nonsmartphone with no apps). People on basic " +"phones were reading math and science on a two-inch screen at all hours of " +"the day. To Mark, it was quite amazing and spoke to a need they were " +"servicing." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8340 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8370 msgid "" "At first, the Intelligent Practice services could only be paid using a " "credit card. This proved problematic, especially for those in the low-income " @@ -10842,7 +10982,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8349 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8379 msgid "" "Mark describes this as the first version of Siyavula’s business model: open " "textbooks serving as marketing material and driving traffic to your site, " @@ -10851,7 +10991,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8355 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8385 msgid "" "For Mark a key decision for Siyavula’s business was to focus on how they can " "add value on top of their basic service. They’ll charge only if they are " @@ -10862,7 +11002,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8364 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8394 msgid "" "Version two of Siyavula’s business model was a big, ambitious idea—scale up. " "They also decided to sell the Intelligent Practice service to schools " @@ -10875,7 +11015,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8375 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8405 msgid "" "Teachers get a dashboard that allows them to monitor the progress of an " "entire class or view an individual learner’s results. They can see the " @@ -10886,7 +11026,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8384 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8414 msgid "" "Based on the success of this effort, Siyavula decided to substantially " "increase the production of open educational resources so they could provide " @@ -10896,12 +11036,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8395 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8425 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.siyavula.com/products-primary-school.html\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8392 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8422 msgid "" "In partnership with, and sponsored by, the Sasol Inzalo Foundation, Siyavula " "produced a series of natural sciences and technology workbooks for grades 4 " @@ -10911,7 +11051,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8399 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8429 msgid "" "Through this experience, Siyavula learned they could get sponsors to help " "fund openly licensed textbooks. It helped that Siyavula had by this time " @@ -10923,7 +11063,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8409 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8439 msgid "" "The Siyavula books that are reviewed, approved, and branded by the " "government are freely and openly available on Siyavula’s website under an " @@ -10934,7 +11074,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8417 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8447 msgid "" "Although the South African government paid to print and distribute hard " "copies of the books to schoolkids, Siyavula itself received no funding from " @@ -10947,7 +11087,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8428 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8458 msgid "" "Using Siyavula books generated huge savings for the government. Providing " "students with a traditionally published grade 12 science or math textbook " @@ -10959,7 +11099,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8438 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8468 msgid "" "Just as Siyavula was planning to scale up the production of open textbooks " "even more, the South African government changed its textbook policy. To save " @@ -10969,7 +11109,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8446 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8476 msgid "" "Rather than producing more textbooks, Siyavula focused on improving its " "Intelligent Practice technology for its existing books. Mark calls this " @@ -10982,7 +11122,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8457 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8487 msgid "" "Mark says sales are way up, and they are really nailing Intelligent " "Practice. Schools continue to use their open textbooks. The government-" @@ -10991,7 +11131,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8464 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8494 msgid "" "Siyavula is exploring a range of enhancements to their business model. These " "include charging a small amount for assessment services provided over the " @@ -11001,7 +11141,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8472 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8502 msgid "" "Siyavula is a for-profit business but one with a social mission. Their " "shareholders’ agreement lists lots of requirements around openness for " @@ -11017,42 +11157,42 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8488 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8518 msgid "SparkFun" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8491 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8521 msgid "" "SparkFun is an online electronics retailer specializing in open hardware. " "Founded in 2003 in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8495 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8525 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.sparkfun.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8497 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8527 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for physical " "copies (electronics sales)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8500 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8530 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 29, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8503 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8533 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Nathan Seidle, founder" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8511 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8541 msgid "" "SparkFun founder and former CEO Nathan Seidle has a picture of himself " "holding up a clone of a SparkFun product in an electronics market in China, " @@ -11062,16 +11202,16 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8518 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8547 msgid "" -"“Being copied is the greatest earmark of flattery and success,” Nathan said. " -"“I thought it was so cool that they were selling to a market we were never " -"going to get access to otherwise. It was evidence of our impact on the " -"world.”" +"<quote>Being copied is the greatest earmark of flattery and success,</quote> " +"Nathan said. <quote>I thought it was so cool that they were selling to a " +"market we were never going to get access to otherwise. It was evidence of " +"our impact on the world.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8524 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8553 msgid "" "This worldview runs through everything SparkFun does. SparkFun is an " "electronics manufacturer. The company sells its products directly to the " @@ -11082,74 +11222,76 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8533 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8562 msgid "" -"Nathan believes open licensing is good for the world. “It touches on our " -"natural human instinct to share,” he said. But he also strongly believes it " -"makes SparkFun better at what they do. They encourage copying, and their " -"products are copied at a very fast rate, often within ten to twelve weeks of " -"release. This forces the company to compete on something other than product " -"design, or what most commonly consider their intellectual property." +"Nathan believes open licensing is good for the world. <quote>It touches on " +"our natural human instinct to share,</quote> he said. But he also strongly " +"believes it makes SparkFun better at what they do. They encourage copying, " +"and their products are copied at a very fast rate, often within ten to " +"twelve weeks of release. This forces the company to compete on something " +"other than product design, or what most commonly consider their intellectual " +"property." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8542 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8571 msgid "" -"“We compete on business principles,” Nathan said. “Claiming your territory " -"with intellectual property allows you to get comfy and rest on your laurels. " -"It gives you a safety net. We took away that safety net.”" +"<quote>We compete on business principles,</quote> Nathan said. " +"<quote>Claiming your territory with intellectual property allows you to get " +"comfy and rest on your laurels. It gives you a safety net. We took away that " +"safety net.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8548 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8577 msgid "" "The result is an intense company-wide focus on product development and " -"improvement. “Our products are so much better than they were five years " -"ago,” Nathan said. “We used to just sell products. Now it’s a product plus a " -"video, a seventeen-page hookup guide, and example firmware on three " -"different platforms to get you up and running faster. We have gotten better " -"because we had to in order to compete. As painful as it is for us, it’s " -"better for the customers.”" +"improvement. <quote>Our products are so much better than they were five " +"years ago,</quote> Nathan said. <quote>We used to just sell products. Now " +"it’s a product plus a video, a seventeen-page hookup guide, and example " +"firmware on three different platforms to get you up and running faster. We " +"have gotten better because we had to in order to compete. As painful as it " +"is for us, it’s better for the customers.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8558 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8587 msgid "" "SparkFun parts are available on eBay for lower prices. But people come " "directly to SparkFun because SparkFun makes their lives easier. The example " "code works; there is a service number to call; they ship replacement parts " "the day they get a service call. They invest heavily in service and support. " -"“I don’t believe businesses should be competing with IP [intellectual " -"property] barriers,” Nathan said. “This is the stuff they should be " -"competing on.”" +"<quote>I don’t believe businesses should be competing with IP [intellectual " +"property] barriers,</quote> Nathan said. <quote>This is the stuff they " +"should be competing on.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8567 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8597 msgid "" "SparkFun’s company history began in Nathan’s college dorm room. He spent a " "lot of time experimenting with and building electronics, and he realized " -"there was a void in the market. “If you wanted to place an order for " -"something,” he said, “you first had to search far and wide to find it, and " -"then you had to call or fax someone.” In 2003, during his third year of " -"college, he registered <ulink url=\"http://sparkfun.com\"/> and started " -"reselling products out of his bedroom. After he graduated, he started making " -"and selling his own products." +"there was a void in the market. <quote>If you wanted to place an order for " +"something,</quote> he said, <quote>you first had to search far and wide to " +"find it, and then you had to call or fax someone.</quote> In 2003, during " +"his third year of college, he registered <ulink url=\"http://sparkfun.com\"/" +"> and started reselling products out of his bedroom. After he graduated, he " +"started making and selling his own products." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8578 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8609 msgid "" "Once he started designing his own products, he began putting the software " "and schematics online to help with technical support. After doing some " "research on licensing options, he chose Creative Commons licenses because he " -"was drawn to the “human-readable deeds” that explain the licensing terms in " -"simple terms. SparkFun still uses CC licenses for all of the schematics and " -"firmware for the products they create." +"was drawn to the <quote>human-readable deeds</quote> that explain the " +"licensing terms in simple terms. SparkFun still uses CC licenses for all of " +"the schematics and firmware for the products they create." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8587 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8618 msgid "" "The company has grown from a solo project to a corporation with 140 " "employees. In 2015, SparkFun earned $33 million in revenue. Selling " @@ -11160,7 +11302,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8596 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8627 msgid "" "SparkFun also has an educational department dedicated to creating a hands-on " "curriculum to teach students about electronics using prototyping parts. " @@ -11170,28 +11312,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8604 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8634 msgid "" -"“We have the burden and opportunity to educate the next generation of " -"technical citizens,” Nathan said. “Our goal is to affect the lives of three " -"hundred and fifty thousand high school students by 2020.”" +"<quote>We have the burden and opportunity to educate the next generation of " +"technical citizens,</quote> Nathan said. <quote>Our goal is to affect the " +"lives of three hundred and fifty thousand high school students by 2020.</" +"quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8610 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8640 msgid "" "The Creative Commons license underlying all of SparkFun’s products is " "central to this mission. The license not only signals a willingness to " "share, but it also expresses a desire for others to get in and tinker with " "their products, both to learn and to make their products better. SparkFun " -"uses the Attribution-ShareAlike license (CC BY-SA), which is a “copyleft” " -"license that allows people to do anything with the content as long as they " -"provide credit and make any adaptations available under the same licensing " -"terms." +"uses the Attribution-ShareAlike license (CC BY-SA), which is a " +"<quote>copyleft</quote> license that allows people to do anything with the " +"content as long as they provide credit and make any adaptations available " +"under the same licensing terms." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8621 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8651 msgid "" "From the beginning, Nathan has tried to create a work environment at " "SparkFun that he himself would want to work in. The result is what appears " @@ -11203,34 +11346,35 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8632 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8662 msgid "" "The public event, called the Autonomous Vehicle Competition, brings in a " "thousand to two thousand customers and other technology enthusiasts from " "around the area to race their own self-created bots against each other, " "participate in training workshops, and socialize. From a business " "perspective, Nathan says it’s a terrible idea. But they don’t hold the event " -"for business reasons. “The reason we do it is because I get to travel and " -"have interactions with our customers all the time, but most of our employees " -"don’t,” he said. “This event gives our employees the opportunity to get face-" -"to-face contact with our customers.” The event infuses their work with a " -"human element, which makes it more meaningful." +"for business reasons. <quote>The reason we do it is because I get to travel " +"and have interactions with our customers all the time, but most of our " +"employees don’t,</quote> he said. <quote>This event gives our employees the " +"opportunity to get face-to-face contact with our customers.</quote> The " +"event infuses their work with a human element, which makes it more " +"meaningful." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8646 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8676 msgid "" "Nathan has worked hard to imbue a deeper meaning into the work SparkFun " "does. The company is, of course, focused on being fiscally responsible, but " -"they are ultimately driven by something other than money. “Profit is not the " -"goal; it is the outcome of a well-executed plan,” Nathan said. “We focus on " -"having a bigger impact on the world.” Nathan believes they get some of the " -"brightest and most amazing employees because they aren’t singularly focused " -"on the bottom line." +"they are ultimately driven by something other than money. <quote>Profit is " +"not the goal; it is the outcome of a well-executed plan,</quote> Nathan " +"said. <quote>We focus on having a bigger impact on the world.</quote> Nathan " +"believes they get some of the brightest and most amazing employees because " +"they aren’t singularly focused on the bottom line." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8656 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8686 msgid "" "The company is committed to transparency and shares all of its financials " "with its employees. They also generally strive to avoid being another " @@ -11240,43 +11384,46 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8663 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8693 msgid "" "SparkFun’s customer base is largely made up of industrious electronics " "enthusiasts. They have customers who are regularly involved in the company’s " "customer support, independently responding to questions in forums and " "product-comment sections. Customers also bring product ideas to the " "company. SparkFun regularly sifts through suggestions from customers and " -"tries to build on them where they can. “From the beginning, we have been " -"listening to the community,” Nathan said. “Customers would identify a pain " -"point, and we would design something to address it.”" +"tries to build on them where they can. <quote>From the beginning, we have " +"been listening to the community,</quote> Nathan said. <quote>Customers " +"would identify a pain point, and we would design something to address it.</" +"quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8675 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8705 msgid "" "However, this sort of customer engagement does not always translate to " "people actively contributing to SparkFun’s projects. The company has a " "public repository of software code for each of its devices online. On a " "particularly active project, there will only be about two dozen people " "contributing significant improvements. The vast majority of projects are " -"relatively untouched by the public. “There is a theory that if you open-" -"source it, they will come,” Nathan said. “That’s not really true.”" +"relatively untouched by the public. <quote>There is a theory that if you " +"open-source it, they will come,</quote> Nathan said. <quote>That’s not " +"really true.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8686 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8716 msgid "" "Rather than focusing on cocreation with their customers, SparkFun instead " "focuses on enabling people to copy, tinker, and improve products on their " "own. They heavily invest in tutorials and other material designed to help " "people understand how the products work so they can fix and improve things " -"independently. “What gives me joy is when people take open-source layouts " -"and then build their own circuit boards from our designs,” Nathan said." +"independently. <quote>What gives me joy is when people take open-source " +"layouts and then build their own circuit boards from our designs,</quote> " +"Nathan said." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8695 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8726 msgid "" "Obviously, opening up the design of their products is a necessary step if " "their goal is to empower the public. Nathan also firmly believes it makes " @@ -11291,12 +11438,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8709 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8740 msgid "TeachAIDS" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8712 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8743 msgid "" "TeachAIDS is a nonprofit that creates educational materials designed to " "teach people around the world about HIV and AIDS. Founded in 2005 in the U." @@ -11304,29 +11451,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8717 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8748 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://teachaids.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8719 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8750 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: sponsorships" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8721 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8752 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: March 24, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8724 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8755 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: Piya Sorcar, the CEO, and " "Shuman Ghosemajumder, the chair" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8732 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8763 msgid "" "TeachAIDS is an unconventional media company with a conventional revenue " "model. Like most media companies, they are subsidized by advertising. " @@ -11335,7 +11482,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8738 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8769 msgid "" "But unlike most media companies, Teach-AIDS is a nonprofit organization with " "a purely social mission. TeachAIDS is dedicated to educating the global " @@ -11350,7 +11497,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8751 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8782 msgid "" "TeachAIDS is a labor of love for founder and CEO Piya Sorcar, who earns a " "salary of one dollar per year from the nonprofit. The project grew out of " @@ -11371,21 +11518,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8771 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8802 msgid "" "In late 2005, Piya and her team used research-based design to create new " "educational materials and worked with local partners in India to help " "distribute them. As soon as the animated software was posted online, Piya’s " "team started receiving requests from individuals and governments who were " -"interested in bringing this model to more countries. “We realized fairly " -"quickly that educating large populations about a topic that was considered " -"taboo would be challenging. We began by identifying optimal local partners " -"and worked toward creating an effective, culturally appropriate education,” " -"Piya said." +"interested in bringing this model to more countries. <quote>We realized " +"fairly quickly that educating large populations about a topic that was " +"considered taboo would be challenging. We began by identifying optimal local " +"partners and worked toward creating an effective, culturally appropriate " +"education,</quote> Piya said." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8783 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8814 msgid "" "Very shortly after the initial release, Piya’s team decided to spin the " "endeavor into an independent nonprofit out of Stanford University. They also " @@ -11393,34 +11540,35 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8789 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8820 msgid "" "Given their educational mission, TeachAIDS had an obvious interest in seeing " "the materials as widely shared as possible. But they also needed to preserve " "the integrity of the medical information in the content. They chose the " "Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs license (CC BY-NC-ND), which essentially " "gives the public the right to distribute only verbatim copies of the " -"content, and for noncommercial purposes. “We wanted attribution for " -"TeachAIDS, and we couldn’t stand by derivatives without vetting them,” the " -"cofounder and chair Shuman Ghosemajumder said. “It was almost a no-brainer " -"to go with a CC license because it was a plug-and-play solution to this " -"exact problem. It has allowed us to scale our materials safely and quickly " -"worldwide while preserving our content and protecting us at the same time.”" +"content, and for noncommercial purposes. <quote>We wanted attribution for " +"TeachAIDS, and we couldn’t stand by derivatives without vetting them,</" +"quote> the cofounder and chair Shuman Ghosemajumder said. <quote>It was " +"almost a no-brainer to go with a CC license because it was a plug-and-play " +"solution to this exact problem. It has allowed us to scale our materials " +"safely and quickly worldwide while preserving our content and protecting us " +"at the same time.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8804 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8836 msgid "" "Choosing a license that does not allow adaptation of the content was an " "outgrowth of the careful precision with which TeachAIDS crafts their " "content. The organization invests heavily in research and testing to " -"determine the best method of conveying the information. “Creating high-" -"quality content is what matters most to us,” Piya said. “Research drives " -"everything we do.”" +"determine the best method of conveying the information. <quote>Creating high-" +"quality content is what matters most to us,</quote> Piya said. " +"<quote>Research drives everything we do.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8812 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8845 msgid "" "One important finding was that people accept the message best when it comes " "from familiar voices they trust and admire. To achieve this, TeachAIDS " @@ -11431,7 +11579,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8821 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8854 msgid "" "Localization is probably the single-most important aspect of the way " "TeachAIDS creates its content. While each regional version builds from the " @@ -11447,7 +11595,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8836 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8869 msgid "" "The localization process relies heavily on volunteers. Their volunteer base " "is deeply committed to the cause, and the organization has had better luck " @@ -11464,7 +11612,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8852 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8885 msgid "" "TeachAIDS employs full-time employees, contractors, and volunteers, all in " "different capacities and organizational configurations. They are careful to " @@ -11477,29 +11625,29 @@ msgid "" "but highly controlled, creative process is undertaken entirely by people who " "are specifically brought on to help with a particular project, rather than " "ongoing staff. The final product they create is designed to require zero " -"training for people to implement in practice. “In our research, we found we " -"can’t depend on people passing on the information correctly, even if they " -"have the best of intentions,” Piya said. “We need materials where you can " -"push play and they will work.”" +"training for people to implement in practice. <quote>In our research, we " +"found we can’t depend on people passing on the information correctly, even " +"if they have the best of intentions,</quote> Piya said. <quote>We need " +"materials where you can push play and they will work.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8871 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8905 msgid "" "Piya’s team was able to produce all of these versions over several years " "with a head count that never exceeded eight full-time employees. The " "organization is able to reduce costs by relying heavily on volunteers and in-" "kind donations. Nevertheless, the nonprofit needed a sustainable revenue " "model to subsidize content creation and physical distribution of the " -"materials. Charging even a low price was simply not an option. “Educators " -"from various nonprofits around the world were just creating their own " -"materials using whatever they could find for free online,” Shuman said. “The " -"only way to persuade them to use our highly effective model was to make it " -"completely free.”" +"materials. Charging even a low price was simply not an option. " +"<quote>Educators from various nonprofits around the world were just creating " +"their own materials using whatever they could find for free online,</quote> " +"Shuman said. <quote>The only way to persuade them to use our highly " +"effective model was to make it completely free.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8884 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8918 msgid "" "Like many content creators offering their work for free, they settled on " "advertising as a funding model. But they were extremely careful not to let " @@ -11512,61 +11660,61 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8895 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8929 msgid "" "TeachAIDS is careful not to seek funding to cover the costs of a specific " "project. Instead, sponsorships are structured as unrestricted donations to " "the nonprofit. This gives the nonprofit more stability, but even more " "importantly, it enables them to subsidize projects being localized for an " -"area with no sponsors. “If we just created versions based on where we could " -"get sponsorships, we would only have materials for wealthier countries,” " -"Shuman said." +"area with no sponsors. <quote>If we just created versions based on where we " +"could get sponsorships, we would only have materials for wealthier countries," +"</quote> Shuman said." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8905 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8939 msgid "" -"As of 2016, TeachAIDS has dozens of sponsors. “When we go into a new " -"country, various companies hear about us and reach out to us,” Piya said. " -"“We don’t have to do much to find or attract them.” They believe the " -"sponsorships are easy to sell because they offer so much value to sponsors. " -"TeachAIDS sponsorships give corporations the chance to reach new eyeballs " -"with their brand, but at a much lower cost than other advertising channels. " -"The audience for TeachAIDS content also tends to skew young, which is often " -"a desirable demographic for brands. Unlike traditional advertising, the " -"content is not time-sensitive, so an investment in a sponsorship can benefit " -"a brand for many years to come." +"As of 2016, TeachAIDS has dozens of sponsors. <quote>When we go into a new " +"country, various companies hear about us and reach out to us,</quote> Piya " +"said. <quote>We don’t have to do much to find or attract them.</quote> They " +"believe the sponsorships are easy to sell because they offer so much value " +"to sponsors. TeachAIDS sponsorships give corporations the chance to reach " +"new eyeballs with their brand, but at a much lower cost than other " +"advertising channels. The audience for TeachAIDS content also tends to skew " +"young, which is often a desirable demographic for brands. Unlike traditional " +"advertising, the content is not time-sensitive, so an investment in a " +"sponsorship can benefit a brand for many years to come." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8918 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8953 msgid "" "Importantly, the value to corporate sponsors goes beyond commercial " "considerations. As a nonprofit with a clearly articulated social mission, " -"corporate sponsorships are donations to a cause. “This is something " -"companies can be proud of internally,” Shuman said. Some companies have even " -"built publicity campaigns around the fact that they have sponsored these " -"initiatives." +"corporate sponsorships are donations to a cause. <quote>This is something " +"companies can be proud of internally,</quote> Shuman said. Some companies " +"have even built publicity campaigns around the fact that they have sponsored " +"these initiatives." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8927 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8962 msgid "" "The core mission of TeachAIDS—ensuring global access to life-saving education" "—is at the root of everything the organization does. It underpins the work; " "it motivates the funders. The CC license on the materials they create " "furthers that mission, allowing them to safely and quickly scale their " -"materials worldwide. “The Creative Commons license has been a game changer " -"for TeachAIDS,” Piya said." +"materials worldwide. <quote>The Creative Commons license has been a game " +"changer for TeachAIDS,</quote> Piya said." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8937 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8972 msgid "Tribe of Noise" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8940 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8975 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise is a for-profit online music platform serving the film, TV, " "video, gaming, and in-store-media industries. Founded in 2008 in the " @@ -11574,24 +11722,24 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8945 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8980 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.tribeofnoise.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8950 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8985 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: January 26, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8953 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8988 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Hessel van Oorschot, " "cofounder" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8961 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8996 msgid "" "In the early 2000s, Hessel van Oorschot was an entrepreneur running a " "business where he coached other midsize entrepreneurs how to create an " @@ -11602,7 +11750,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8970 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9005 msgid "" "In 2005, Hessel and Sandra Brandenburg launched a niche video-production " "initiative. Almost immediately, they ran into issues around finding and " @@ -11614,19 +11762,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8980 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9015 msgid "" "They hired two lawyers to investigate further, and while they uncovered five " "or six examples, Hessel found the business models lacking. The lawyers " "expressed interest in being their legal team should they decide to pursue " -"this as an entrepreneurial opportunity. Hessel says, “When lawyers are " -"interested in a venture like this, you might have something special.” So " -"after some more research, in early 2008, Hessel and Sandra decided to build " -"a platform." +"this as an entrepreneurial opportunity. Hessel says, <quote>When lawyers are " +"interested in a venture like this, you might have something special.</quote> " +"So after some more research, in early 2008, Hessel and Sandra decided to " +"build a platform." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8990 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9025 msgid "" "Building a platform posed a real chicken-and-egg problem. The platform had " "to build an online community of music-rights holders and, at the same time, " @@ -11636,7 +11784,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8997 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9032 msgid "" "In July 2008, Tribe of Noise opened its virtual doors with a couple hundred " "musicians willing to use the CC BY-SA license (Attribution-ShareAlike) for a " @@ -11646,12 +11794,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9012 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9047 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.instoremusicservice.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9005 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9040 msgid "" "As they were growing the community, Hessel got a phone call from a company " "that made in-store music playlists asking if they had enough music licensed " @@ -11664,7 +11812,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9015 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9050 msgid "" "In most countries, artists, authors, and musicians join a collecting society " "that manages the licensing and helps collect the royalties. Copyright " @@ -11680,12 +11828,12 @@ msgid "" "hesitant and said no, but Tribe of Noise persisted arguing that they " "primarily work with unknown artists and provide them exposure in parts of " "the world where they don’t get airtime normally and a source of revenue—and " -"this convinced them that it was OK. However, Hessel says, “We are still " -"fighting for a good cause every single day.”" +"this convinced them that it was OK. However, Hessel says, <quote>We are " +"still fighting for a good cause every single day.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9036 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9071 msgid "" "Instead of building a large sales force, Tribe of Noise partnered with big " "organizations who have lots of clients and can act as a kind of Tribe of " @@ -11693,14 +11841,14 @@ msgid "" "sells Tribe’s In-store Music Service subscriptions to their business " "clients, which include fashion retailers and fitness centers. They have a " "similar deal with the leading trade association representing hotels and " -"restaurants in the country. Hessel hopes to “copy and paste” this service " -"into other countries where collecting societies understand what you can do " -"with Creative Commons. Outside of the Netherlands, early adoptions have " -"happened in Scandinavia, Belgium, and the U.S." +"restaurants in the country. Hessel hopes to <quote>copy and paste</quote> " +"this service into other countries where collecting societies understand what " +"you can do with Creative Commons. Outside of the Netherlands, early " +"adoptions have happened in Scandinavia, Belgium, and the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9049 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9085 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise doesn’t pay the musicians up front; they get paid when their " "music ends up in Tribe of Noise’s in-store music channels. The musicians’ " @@ -11710,12 +11858,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9065 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9101 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.tribeofnoise.com/info_instoremusic.php\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9057 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9093 msgid "" "A few of your songs [licensed with CC BY-SA], for example five in total, are " "selected for a bespoke in-store music channel broadcasting at a large " @@ -11728,7 +11876,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9068 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9104 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise has another model that does not involve Creative Commons. In " "a survey with members, most said they liked the exposure using Creative " @@ -11740,20 +11888,20 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9079 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9115 msgid "" "Hessel’s legal team took this feedback and created a second model and " "separate area of the platform called Tribe of Noise Pro. Songs uploaded to " "Tribe of Noise Pro aren’t Creative Commons licensed; Tribe of Noise has " -"instead created a “nonexclusive exploitation” contract, similar to a " -"Creative Commons license but allowing musicians to opt out whenever they " -"want. When you opt out, Tribe of Noise agrees to take your music off the " -"Tribe of Noise platform within one to two months. This lets the musician " +"instead created a <quote>nonexclusive exploitation</quote> contract, similar " +"to a Creative Commons license but allowing musicians to opt out whenever " +"they want. When you opt out, Tribe of Noise agrees to take your music off " +"the Tribe of Noise platform within one to two months. This lets the musician " "reuse their song for a better deal." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9090 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9126 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise Pro is primarily geared toward media makers who are looking " "for music. If they buy a license from this catalog, they don’t have to state " @@ -11763,7 +11911,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9098 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9134 msgid "" "Lots of Tribe of Noise musicians upload songs to both Tribe of Noise Pro and " "the community area of Tribe of Noises. There aren’t that many artists who " @@ -11772,7 +11920,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9104 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9140 msgid "" "Hessel sees the two as complementary. Both are needed for the model to work. " "With a whole generation of musicians interested in the sharing economy, the " @@ -11782,7 +11930,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9112 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9148 msgid "" "Every musician who joins Tribe of Noise gets their own home page and free " "unlimited Web space to upload as much of their own music as they like. Tribe " @@ -11795,7 +11943,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9123 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9159 msgid "" "Another way Tribe of Noise creates community and interest is with contests, " "which are organized in partnership with Tribe of Noise clients. The client " @@ -11806,7 +11954,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9133 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9169 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise now has twenty-seven thousand members from 192 countries, and " "many are exploring do-it-yourself models for generating revenue. Some came " @@ -11820,7 +11968,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9145 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9181 msgid "" "It’s not uncommon for performance-rights organizations, record labels, or " "music publishers to sign contracts with musicians based on exclusivity. Such " @@ -11838,7 +11986,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9162 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9198 msgid "" "For Hessel the key to Tribe of Noise’s success is trust. The fact that " "Creative Commons licenses work the same way all over the world and have been " @@ -11851,46 +11999,46 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9174 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9210 msgid "Wikimedia Foundation" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9177 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9213 msgid "" "The Wikimedia Foundation is the nonprofit organization that hosts Wikipedia " "and its sister projects. Founded in 2003 in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9182 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9218 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://wikimediafoundation.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9184 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9220 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: donations" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9186 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9222 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: December 18, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9189 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9225 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: Luis Villa, former Chief " "Officer of Community Engagement, and Stephen LaPorte, legal counsel" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9198 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9234 msgid "Nearly every person with an online presence knows Wikipedia." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9201 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9237 msgid "" "In many ways, it is the preeminent open project: The online encyclopedia is " "created entirely by volunteers. Anyone in the world can edit the articles. " @@ -11900,7 +12048,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9209 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9245 msgid "" "As of December 2016, there were more than forty-two million articles in the " "295 language editions of the online encyclopedia, according to—what else?—" @@ -11908,7 +12056,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9214 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9250 msgid "" "The Wikimedia Foundation is a U.S.-based nonprofit organization that owns " "the Wikipedia domain name and hosts the site, along with many other related " @@ -11924,16 +12072,16 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9228 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9264 msgid "" -"As Wikimedia legal counsel Stephen LaPorte told us, “There is a common " -"saying that Wikipedia works in practice but not in theory.” While it " +"As Wikimedia legal counsel Stephen LaPorte told us, <quote>There is a common " +"saying that Wikipedia works in practice but not in theory.</quote> While it " "undoubtedly has its challenges and flaws, Wikipedia and its sister projects " "are a striking testament to the power of human collaboration." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9235 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9271 msgid "" "Because of its extraordinary breadth and scope, it does feel a bit like a " "unicorn. Indeed, there is nothing else like Wikipedia. Still, much of what " @@ -11944,7 +12092,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9244 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9280 msgid "" "The story of Wikipedia has been told many times. For our purposes, it is " "enough to know the experiment started in 2001 at a small scale, inspired by " @@ -11958,46 +12106,47 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9256 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9292 msgid "" "The nature of the content the community creates is ideal for asynchronous " -"cocreation. “An encyclopedia is something where incremental community " -"improvement really works,” Luis Villa, former Chief Officer of Community " -"Engagement, told us. The rules and processes that govern cocreation on " -"Wikipedia and its sister projects are all community-driven and vary by " -"language edition. There are entire books written on the intricacies of " -"their systems, but generally speaking, there are very few exceptions to the " -"rule that anyone can edit any article, even without an account on their " +"cocreation. <quote>An encyclopedia is something where incremental community " +"improvement really works,</quote> Luis Villa, former Chief Officer of " +"Community Engagement, told us. The rules and processes that govern " +"cocreation on Wikipedia and its sister projects are all community-driven and " +"vary by language edition. There are entire books written on the intricacies " +"of their systems, but generally speaking, there are very few exceptions to " +"the rule that anyone can edit any article, even without an account on their " "system. The extensive peer-review process includes elaborate systems to " "resolve disputes, methods for managing particularly controversial subject " "areas, talk pages explaining decisions, and much, much more. The Wikimedia " "Foundation’s decision to leave governance of the projects to the community " -"is very deliberate. “We look at the things that the community can do well, " -"and we want to let them do those things,” Stephen told us. Instead, the " -"foundation focuses its time and resources on what the community cannot do as " -"effectively, like the software engineering that supports the technical " -"infrastructure of the sites. In 2015-16, about half of the foundation’s " -"budget went to direct support for the Wikimedia sites." +"is very deliberate. <quote>We look at the things that the community can do " +"well, and we want to let them do those things,</quote> Stephen told us. " +"Instead, the foundation focuses its time and resources on what the community " +"cannot do as effectively, like the software engineering that supports the " +"technical infrastructure of the sites. In 2015-16, about half of the " +"foundation’s budget went to direct support for the Wikimedia sites." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9279 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9316 msgid "" "Some of that is directed at servers and general IT support, but the " "foundation also invests a significant amount on architecture designed to " -"help the site function as effectively as possible. “There is a constantly " -"evolving system to keep the balance in place to avoid Wikipedia becoming the " -"world’s biggest graffiti wall,” Luis said. Depending on how you measure it, " -"somewhere between 90 to 98 percent of edits to Wikipedia are positive. Some " -"portion of that success is attributable to the tools Wikimedia has in place " -"to try to incentivize good actors. “The secret to having any healthy " -"community is bringing back the right people,” Luis said. “Vandals tend to " -"get bored and go away. That is partially our model working, and partially " -"just human nature.” Most of the time, people want to do the right thing." +"help the site function as effectively as possible. <quote>There is a " +"constantly evolving system to keep the balance in place to avoid Wikipedia " +"becoming the world’s biggest graffiti wall,</quote> Luis said. Depending on " +"how you measure it, somewhere between 90 to 98 percent of edits to Wikipedia " +"are positive. Some portion of that success is attributable to the tools " +"Wikimedia has in place to try to incentivize good actors. <quote>The secret " +"to having any healthy community is bringing back the right people,</quote> " +"Luis said. <quote>Vandals tend to get bored and go away. That is partially " +"our model working, and partially just human nature.</quote> Most of the " +"time, people want to do the right thing." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9294 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9332 msgid "" "Wikipedia not only relies on good behavior within its community and on its " "sites, but also by everyone else once the content leaves Wikipedia. All of " @@ -12005,20 +12154,20 @@ msgid "" "(CC BY-SA), which means it can be used for any purpose and modified so long " "as credit is given and anything new is shared back with the public under the " "same license. In theory, that means anyone can copy the content and start a " -"new Wikipedia. But as Stephen explained, “Being open has only made Wikipedia " -"bigger and stronger. The desire to protect is not always what is best for " -"everyone.”" +"new Wikipedia. But as Stephen explained, <quote>Being open has only made " +"Wikipedia bigger and stronger. The desire to protect is not always what is " +"best for everyone.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9318 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9356 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://gimletmedia.com/episode/14-the-art-of-making-and-fixing-" "mistakes/\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9306 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9344 msgid "" "Of course, the primary reason no one has successfully co-opted Wikipedia is " "that copycat efforts do not have the Wikipedia community to sustain what " @@ -12027,18 +12176,18 @@ msgid "" "in a million different ways, in a million different capacities, for a " "million different reasons. While many have tried to guess what makes " "Wikipedia work as well it does, the fact is there is no single explanation. " -"“In a movement as large as ours, there is an incredible diversity of " -"motivations,” Stephen said. For example, there is one editor of the English " -"Wikipedia edition who has corrected a single grammatical error in articles " -"more than forty-eight thousand times.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/" -"> Only a fraction of Wikipedia users are also editors. But editing is not " -"the only way to contribute to Wikipedia. “Some donate text, some donate " -"images, some donate financially,” Stephen told us. “They are all " -"contributors.”" +"<quote>In a movement as large as ours, there is an incredible diversity of " +"motivations,</quote> Stephen said. For example, there is one editor of the " +"English Wikipedia edition who has corrected a single grammatical error in " +"articles more than forty-eight thousand times.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " +"id=\"0\"/> Only a fraction of Wikipedia users are also editors. But editing " +"is not the only way to contribute to Wikipedia. <quote>Some donate text, " +"some donate images, some donate financially,</quote> Stephen told us. " +"<quote>They are all contributors.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9324 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9363 msgid "" "But the vast majority of us who use Wikipedia are not contributors; we are " "passive readers. The Wikimedia Foundation survives primarily on individual " @@ -12050,7 +12199,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9334 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9373 msgid "" "The foundation has a fund-raising team that works year-round to raise money, " "but the bulk of their revenue comes in during the December campaign in " @@ -12062,7 +12211,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9345 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9384 msgid "" "The vision of the Wikimedia Foundation is a world in which every single " "human being can freely share in the sum of all knowledge. They work to " @@ -12074,7 +12223,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9354 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9393 msgid "" "The philosophy behind the endeavor also enables the foundation to be " "financially sustainable. It instills trust in their readership, which is " @@ -12083,30 +12232,31 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9360 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9399 msgid "" "Any given edit on Wikipedia could be motivated by nearly an infinite number " "of reasons. But the social mission of the project is what binds the global " -"community together. “Wikipedia is an example of how a mission can motivate " -"an entire movement,” Stephen told us." +"community together. <quote>Wikipedia is an example of how a mission can " +"motivate an entire movement,</quote> Stephen told us." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9367 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9406 msgid "" "Of course, what results from that movement is one of the Internet’s great " -"public resources. “The Internet has a lot of businesses and stores, but it " -"is missing the digital equivalent of parks and open public spaces,” Stephen " -"said. “Wikipedia has found a way to be that open public space.”" +"public resources. <quote>The Internet has a lot of businesses and stores, " +"but it is missing the digital equivalent of parks and open public spaces,</" +"quote> Stephen said. <quote>Wikipedia has found a way to be that open " +"public space.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9376 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9416 msgid "Bibliography" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9378 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9418 msgid "" "Alperovitz, Gar. What Then Must We Do? Straight Talk about the Next American " "Revolution; Democratizing Wealth and Building a Community-Sustaining Economy " @@ -12114,33 +12264,33 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9384 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9424 msgid "" "Anderson, Chris. Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by Giving " "Something for Nothing, reprint with new preface. New York: Hyperion, 2010." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9389 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9429 msgid "———. Makers: The New Industrial Revolution. New York: Signal, 2012." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9392 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9432 msgid "" "Ariely, Dan. Predictably Irrational: The Hidden Forces That Shape Our " -"Decisions. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Perennial, 2010." +"Decisions. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Perennial, 2010." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9396 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9436 msgid "" "Bacon, Jono. The Art of Community. 2nd ed. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, " "2012." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9400 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9440 msgid "" "Benkler, Yochai. The Wealth of Networks: How Social Production Transforms " "Markets and Freedom. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2006. <ulink url=" @@ -12149,7 +12299,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9407 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9447 msgid "" "Benyayer, Louis-David, ed. Open Models: Business Models of the Open Economy. " "Cachan, France: Without Model, 2016. <ulink url=\"http://www.slideshare.net/" @@ -12157,7 +12307,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9413 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9453 msgid "" "Bollier, David. Commoning as a Transformative Social Paradigm. Paper " "commissioned by the Next Systems Project. Washington, DC: Democracy " @@ -12166,14 +12316,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9419 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9459 msgid "" "———. Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of the Commons. " "Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9423 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9463 msgid "" "Bollier, David, and Pat Conaty. Democratic Money and Capital for the " "Commons: Strategies for Transforming Neoliberal Finance through Commons-" @@ -12185,56 +12335,56 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9433 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9473 msgid "" "Bollier, David, and Silke Helfrich, eds. The Wealth of the Commons: A World " "Beyond Market and State. Amherst, MA: Levellers Press, 2012." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9437 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9477 msgid "" "Botsman, Rachel, and Roo Rogers. What’s Mine Is Yours: The Rise of " "Collaborative Consumption. New York: Harper Business, 2010." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9441 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9481 msgid "" "Boyle, James. The Public Domain: Enclosing the Commons of the Mind. New " "Haven: Yale University Press, 2008." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9444 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9484 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.thepublicdomain.org/download/\"/> (licensed under CC " "BY-NC-SA)." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9448 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9488 msgid "" "Capra, Fritjof, and Ugo Mattei. The Ecology of Law: Toward a Legal System in " "Tune with Nature and Community. Oakland, CA: Berrett-Koehler, 2015." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9453 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9493 msgid "" "Chesbrough, Henry. Open Business Models: How to Thrive in the New Innovation " "Landscape. Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 2006." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9457 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9497 msgid "" "———. Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and Profiting from " "Technology. Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2006." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9461 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9501 msgid "" "City of Bologna. Regulation on Collaboration between Citizens and the City " "for the Care and Regeneration of Urban Commons. Translated by LabGov " @@ -12245,37 +12395,38 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9468 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9508 msgid "" -"Cole, Daniel H. “Learning from Lin: Lessons and Cautions from the Natural " -"Commons for the Knowledge Commons.” Chap. 2 in Frischmann, Madison, and " -"Strandburg, Governing Knowledge Commons." +"Cole, Daniel H. <quote>Learning from Lin: Lessons and Cautions from the " +"Natural Commons for the Knowledge Commons.</quote> Chap. 2 in Frischmann, " +"Madison, and Strandburg, Governing Knowledge Commons." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9473 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9513 msgid "" "Creative Commons. 2015 State of the Commons. Mountain View, CA: Creative " "Commons, 2015. <ulink url=\"http://stateof.creativecommons.org/2015/\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9478 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9518 msgid "" "Doctorow, Cory. Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: Laws for the Internet " "Age. San Francisco: McSweeney’s, 2014." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9482 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9522 msgid "" -"Eckhardt, Giana, and Fleura Bardhi. “The Sharing Economy Isn’t about Sharing " -"at All.” Harvard Business Review, January 28, 2015. <ulink url=\"http://hbr." -"org/2015/01/the-sharing-economy-isnt-about-sharing-at-all\"/>." +"Eckhardt, Giana, and Fleura Bardhi. <quote>The Sharing Economy Isn’t about " +"Sharing at All.</quote> Harvard Business Review, January 28, 2015. <ulink " +"url=\"http://hbr.org/2015/01/the-sharing-economy-isnt-about-sharing-at-all\"/" +">." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9487 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9528 msgid "" "Elliott, Patricia W., and Daryl H. Hepting, eds. (2015). Free Knowledge: " "Confronting the Commodification of Human Discovery. Regina, SK: University " @@ -12284,164 +12435,166 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9494 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9535 msgid "" "Eyal, Nir. Hooked: How to Build Habit-Forming Products. With Ryan Hoover. " "New York: Portfolio, 2014." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9498 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9539 msgid "" -"Farley, Joshua, and Ida Kubiszewski. “The Economics of Information in a Post-" -"Carbon Economy.” Chap. 11 in Elliott and Hepting, Free Knowledge." +"Farley, Joshua, and Ida Kubiszewski. <quote>The Economics of Information in " +"a Post-Carbon Economy.</quote> Chap. 11 in Elliott and Hepting, Free " +"Knowledge." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9503 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9544 msgid "" -"Foster, William Landes, Peter Kim, and Barbara Christiansen. “Ten Nonprofit " -"Funding Models.” Stanford Social Innovation Review, Spring 2009. <ulink url=" -"\"http://ssir.org/articles/entry/ten_nonprofit_funding_models\"/>." +"Foster, William Landes, Peter Kim, and Barbara Christiansen. <quote>Ten " +"Nonprofit Funding Models.</quote> Stanford Social Innovation Review, Spring " +"2009. <ulink url=\"http://ssir.org/articles/entry/" +"ten_nonprofit_funding_models\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9509 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9550 msgid "" "Frischmann, Brett M. Infrastructure: The Social Value of Shared Resources. " "New York: Oxford University Press, 2012." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9513 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9554 msgid "" "Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg, eds. " "Governing Knowledge Commons. New York: Oxford University Press, 2014." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9518 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9559 msgid "" "Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg. " -"“Governing Knowledge Commons.” Chap. 1 in Frischmann, Madison, and " -"Strandburg, Governing Knowledge Commons." +"<quote>Governing Knowledge Commons.</quote> Chap. 1 in Frischmann, Madison, " +"and Strandburg, Governing Knowledge Commons." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9523 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9564 msgid "" "Gansky, Lisa. The Mesh: Why the Future of Business Is Sharing. Reprint with " "new epilogue. New York: Portfolio, 2012." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9527 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9568 msgid "" "Grant, Adam. Give and Take: Why Helping Others Drives Our Success. New " "York: Viking, 2013." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9531 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9572 msgid "" "Haiven, Max. Crises of Imagination, Crises of Power: Capitalism, Creativity " "and the Commons. New York: Zed Books, 2014." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9535 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9576 msgid "" "Harris, Malcom, ed. Share or Die: Voices of the Get Lost Generation in the " "Age of Crisis. With Neal Gorenflo. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2012." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9540 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9581 msgid "" "Hermida, Alfred. Tell Everyone: Why We Share and Why It Matters. Toronto: " "Doubleday Canada, 2014." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9544 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9585 msgid "" "Hyde, Lewis. Common as Air: Revolution, Art, and Ownership. New York: " "Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2010." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9548 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9589 msgid "" "———. The Gift: Creativity and the Artist in the Modern World. 2nd Vintage " "Books edition. New York: Vintage Books, 2007." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9552 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9593 msgid "" "Kelley, Tom, and David Kelley. Creative Confidence: Unleashing the Potential " "within Us All. New York: Crown, 2013." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9556 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9597 msgid "" "Kelly, Marjorie. Owning Our Future: The Emerging Ownership Revolution; " "Journeys to a Generative Economy. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2012." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9561 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9602 msgid "" "Kleon, Austin. Show Your Work: 10 Ways to Share Your Creativity and Get " "Discovered. New York: Workman, 2014." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9565 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9606 msgid "" "———. Steal Like an Artist: 10 Things Nobody Told You about Being Creative. " "New York: Workman, 2012." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9569 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9610 msgid "" "Kramer, Bryan. Shareology: How Sharing Is Powering the Human Economy. New " "York: Morgan James, 2016." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9573 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9614 msgid "" -"Lee, David. “Inside Medium: An Attempt to Bring Civility to the Internet.” " -"BBC News, March 3, 2016. <ulink url=\"http://www.bbc.com/news/" -"technology-35709680\"/>" +"Lee, David. <quote>Inside Medium: An Attempt to Bring Civility to the " +"Internet.</quote> BBC News, March 3, 2016. <ulink url=\"http://www.bbc.com/" +"news/technology-35709680\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9578 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9619 msgid "" "Lessig, Lawrence. Remix: Making Art and Commerce Thrive in the Hybrid " "Economy. New York: Penguin Press, 2008." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9582 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9623 msgid "" "Menzies, Heather. Reclaiming the Commons for the Common Good: A Memoir and " "Manifesto. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9586 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9627 msgid "" "Mason, Paul. Postcapitalism: A Guide to Our Future. New York: Farrar, Straus " "and Giroux, 2015." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9590 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9631 msgid "" "New York Times Customer Insight Group. The Psychology of Sharing: Why Do " "People Share Online? New York: New York Times Customer Insight Group, 2011. " @@ -12449,7 +12602,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9596 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9637 msgid "" "Osterwalder, Alex, and Yves Pigneur. Business Model Generation. Hoboken, " "NJ: John Wiley and Sons, 2010. A preview of the book is available at <ulink " @@ -12457,7 +12610,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9602 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9643 msgid "" "Osterwalder, Alex, Yves Pigneur, Greg Bernarda, and Adam Smith. Value " "Proposition Design. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons, 2014. A preview of the " @@ -12466,14 +12619,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9608 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9649 msgid "" "Palmer, Amanda. The Art of Asking: Or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Let " "People Help. New York: Grand Central, 2014." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9612 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9653 msgid "" "Pekel, Joris. Democratising the Rijksmuseum: Why Did the Rijksmuseum Make " "Available Their Highest Quality Material without Restrictions, and What Are " @@ -12483,7 +12636,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9620 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9661 msgid "" "Ramos, José Maria, ed. The City as Commons: A Policy Reader. Melbourne, " "Australia: Commons Transition Coalition, 2016. <ulink url=\"http://www." @@ -12492,16 +12645,16 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9626 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9667 msgid "" "Raymond, Eric S. The Cathedral and the Bazaar: Musings on Linux and Open " -"Source by an Accidental Revolutionary. Rev. ed. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly " -"Media, 2001. See esp. “The Magic Cauldron.” <ulink url=\"http://www.catb.org/" -"esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/\"/>." +"Source by an Accidental Revolutionary. Rev. ed. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly " +"Media, 2001. See esp. <quote>The Magic Cauldron.</quote> <ulink url=\"http://" +"www.catb.org/esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9632 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9673 msgid "" "Ries, Eric. The Lean Startup: How Today’s Entrepreneurs Use Continuous " "Innovation to Create Radically Successful Businesses. New York: Crown " @@ -12509,7 +12662,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9637 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9678 msgid "" "Rifkin, Jeremy. The Zero Marginal Cost Society: The Internet of Things, the " "Collaborative Commons, and the Eclipse of Capitalism. New York: Palgrave " @@ -12517,74 +12670,74 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9642 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9683 msgid "" "Rowe, Jonathan. Our Common Wealth. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9646 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9687 msgid "" "Rushkoff, Douglas. Throwing Rocks at the Google Bus: How Growth Became the " "Enemy of Prosperity. New York: Portfolio, 2016." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9650 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9691 msgid "" "Sandel, Michael J. What Money Can’t Buy: The Moral Limits of Markets. New " "York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2012." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9654 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9695 msgid "" "Shirky, Clay. Cognitive Surplus: How Technology Makes Consumers into " "Collaborators. London, England: Penguin Books, 2010." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9658 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9699 msgid "" "Slee, Tom. What’s Yours Is Mine: Against the Sharing Economy. New York: OR " "Books, 2015." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9662 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9703 msgid "" "Stephany, Alex. The Business of Sharing: Making in the New Sharing Economy. " "New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9666 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9707 msgid "" "Stepper, John. Working Out Loud: For a Better Career and Life. New York: " "Ikigai Press, 2015." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9670 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9711 msgid "" "Sull, Donald, and Kathleen M. Eisenhardt. Simple Rules: How to Thrive in a " "Complex World. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2015." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9674 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9715 msgid "" "Sundararajan, Arun. The Sharing Economy: The End of Employment and the Rise " "of Crowd-Based Capitalism. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2016." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9678 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9719 msgid "Surowiecki, James. The Wisdom of Crowds. New York: Anchor Books, 2005." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9682 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9723 msgid "" "Tapscott, Don, and Alex Tapscott. Blockchain Revolution: How the Technology " "Behind Bitcoin Is Changing Money, Business, and the World. Toronto: " @@ -12592,21 +12745,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9687 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9728 msgid "" "Tharp, Twyla. The Creative Habit: Learn It and Use It for Life. With Mark " "Reiter. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2006." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9691 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9732 msgid "" "Tkacz, Nathaniel. Wikipedia and the Politics of Openness. Chicago: " "University of Chicago Press, 2015." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9695 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9736 msgid "" "Van Abel, Bass, Lucas Evers, Roel Klaassen, and Peter Troxler, eds. Open " "Design Now: Why Design Cannot Remain Exclusive. Amsterdam: BIS Publishers, " @@ -12616,7 +12769,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9703 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9744 msgid "" "Van den Hoff, Ronald. Mastering the Global Transition on Our Way to Society " "3.0. Utrecht, the Netherlands: Society 3.0 Foundation, 2014. <ulink url=" @@ -12624,7 +12777,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9709 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9750 msgid "" "Von Hippel, Eric. Democratizing Innovation. London: MIT Press, 2005. <ulink " "url=\"http://web.mit.edu/evhippel/www/democ1.htm\"/> (licensed under CC BY-" @@ -12632,19 +12785,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9714 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9755 msgid "" "Whitehurst, Jim. The Open Organization: Igniting Passion and Performance. " "Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2015." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9719 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9760 msgid "Acknowledgments" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9721 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9762 msgid "" "We extend special thanks to Creative Commons CEO Ryan Merkley, the Creative " "Commons Board, and all of our Creative Commons colleagues for " @@ -12654,7 +12807,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9728 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9769 msgid "" "Huge appreciation to all the Made with Creative Commons interviewees for " "sharing their stories with us. You make the commons come alive. Thanks for " @@ -12662,7 +12815,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9733 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9774 msgid "" "We interviewed more than the twenty-four organizations profiled in this " "book. We extend special thanks to Gooru, OERu, Sage Bionetworks, and Medium " @@ -12672,7 +12825,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9741 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9782 msgid "" "This book was made possible by the generous support of 1,687 Kickstarter " "backers listed below. We especially acknowledge our many Kickstarter co-" @@ -12681,7 +12834,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9747 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9788 msgid "" "Co-editor Kickstarter backers (alphabetically by first name): Abraham " "Taherivand, Alan Graham, Alfredo Louro, Anatoly Volynets, Aurora Thornton, " @@ -12730,7 +12883,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9798 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9839 msgid "" "All other Kickstarter backers (alphabetically by first name): A. Lee, Aaron " "C. Rathbun, Aaron Stubbs, Aaron Suggs, Abdul Razak Manaf, Abraham " @@ -12822,7 +12975,7 @@ msgid "" "Kiefer, Dirk Loop, DJ Fusion - FuseBox Radio Broadcast, Dom jurkewitz, Dom " "Lane, Domi Enders, Domingo Gallardo, Dominic de Haas, Dominique Karadjian, " "Dongpo Deng, Donnovan Knight, Door de Flines, Doug Fitzpatrick, Doug Hoover, " -"Douglas Craver, Douglas Van Camp, Douglas Van Houweling, Dr. Braddlee, Drew " +"Douglas Craver, Douglas Van Camp, Douglas Van Houweling, Dr. Braddlee, Drew " "Spencer, Duncan Sample, Durand D’souza, Dylan Field, E C Humphries, Eamon " "Caddigan, Earleen Smith, Eden Sarid, Eden Spodek, Eduardo Belinchon, Eduardo " "Castro, Edwin Vandam, Einar Joergensen, Ejnar Brendsdal, Elad Wieder, Elar " @@ -12958,35 +13111,35 @@ msgid "" "Chelen, Mike Habicher, Mike Maloney, Mike Masnick, Mike McDaniel, Mike " "Pouraryan, Mike Sheldon, Mike Stop Continues, Mike Stringer, Mike " "Wittenstein, Mikkel Ovesen, Mikołaj Podlaszewski, Millie Gonzalez, Mindi " -"Lovell, Mindy Lin, Mirko “Macro” Fichtner, Mitch Featherston, Mitchell " -"Adams, Molika Oum, Molly Shaffer Van Houweling, Monica Mora, Morgan Loomis, " -"Moritz Schubert, Mrs. Paganini, Mushin Schilling, Mustafa K Calik, MD, Myk " -"Pilgrim, Myra Harmer, Nadine Forget-Dubois, Nagle Industries, LLC, Nah Wee " -"Yang, Natalie Brown, Natalie Freed, Nathan D Howell, Nathan Massey, Nathan " -"Miller, Neal Gorenflo, Neal McBurnett, Neal Stimler, Neil Wilson, Nele " -"Wollert, Neuchee Chang, Niall McDonagh, Niall Twohig, Nic McPhee, Nicholas " -"Bentley, Nicholas Koran, Nicholas Norfolk, Nicholas Potter, Nick Bell, Nick " -"Coghlan, Nick Isaacs, Nick M. Daly, Nick Vance, Nickolay Vedernikov, Nicky " -"Weaver-Weinberg, Nico Prin, Nicolas Weidinger, Nicole Hickman, Niek " -"Theunissen, Nigel Robertson, Nikki Thompson, Nikko Marie, Nikola Chernev, " -"Nils Lavesson, Noah Blumenson-Cook, Noah Fang, Noah Kardos-Fein, Noah " -"Meyerhans, Noel Hanigan, Noel Hart, Norrie Mailer, O.P. Gobée, Ohad Mayblum, " -"Olivia Wilson, Olivier De Doncker, Olivier Schulbaum, Olle Ahnve, Omar " -"Kaminski, Omar Willey, OpenBuilds, Ove Ødegård, Øystein Kjærnet, Pablo López " -"Soriano, Pablo Vasquez, Pacific Design, Paige Mackay, Papp István Péter, " -"Paris Marx, Parker Higgins, Pasquale Borriello, Pat Allan, Pat Hawks, Pat " -"Ludwig, Pat Sticks, Patricia Brennan, Patricia Rosnel, Patricia Wolf, " -"Patrick Berry, Patrick Beseda, Patrick Hurley, Patrick M. Lozeau, Patrick " -"McCabe, Patrick Nafarrete, Patrick Tanguay, Patrick von Hauff, Patrik " -"Kernstock, Patti J Ryan, Paul A Golder, Paul and Iris Brest, Paul Bailey, " -"Paul Bryan, Paul Bunkham, Paul Elosegui, Paul Hibbitts, Paul Jacobson, Paul " -"Keller, Paul Rowe, Paul Timpson, Paul Walker, Pavel Dostál, Peeter Sällström " -"Randsalu, Peggy Frith, Pen-Yuan Hsing, Penny Pearson, Per Åström, Perry " -"Jetter, Péter Fankhauser, Peter Hirtle, Peter Humphries, Peter Jenkins, " -"Peter Langmar, Peter le Roux, Peter Marinari, Peter Mengelers, Peter " -"O’Brien, Peter Pinch, Peter S. Crosby, Peter Wells, Petr Fristedt, Petr " -"Viktorin, Petronella Jeurissen, Phil Flickinger, Philip Chung, Philip " -"Pangrac, Philip R. Skaggs Jr., Philip Young, Philippa Lorne Channer, " +"Lovell, Mindy Lin, Mirko <quote>Macro</quote> Fichtner, Mitch Featherston, " +"Mitchell Adams, Molika Oum, Molly Shaffer Van Houweling, Monica Mora, Morgan " +"Loomis, Moritz Schubert, Mrs. Paganini, Mushin Schilling, Mustafa K Calik, " +"MD, Myk Pilgrim, Myra Harmer, Nadine Forget-Dubois, Nagle Industries, LLC, " +"Nah Wee Yang, Natalie Brown, Natalie Freed, Nathan D Howell, Nathan Massey, " +"Nathan Miller, Neal Gorenflo, Neal McBurnett, Neal Stimler, Neil Wilson, " +"Nele Wollert, Neuchee Chang, Niall McDonagh, Niall Twohig, Nic McPhee, " +"Nicholas Bentley, Nicholas Koran, Nicholas Norfolk, Nicholas Potter, Nick " +"Bell, Nick Coghlan, Nick Isaacs, Nick M. Daly, Nick Vance, Nickolay " +"Vedernikov, Nicky Weaver-Weinberg, Nico Prin, Nicolas Weidinger, Nicole " +"Hickman, Niek Theunissen, Nigel Robertson, Nikki Thompson, Nikko Marie, " +"Nikola Chernev, Nils Lavesson, Noah Blumenson-Cook, Noah Fang, Noah Kardos-" +"Fein, Noah Meyerhans, Noel Hanigan, Noel Hart, Norrie Mailer, O.P. Gobée, " +"Ohad Mayblum, Olivia Wilson, Olivier De Doncker, Olivier Schulbaum, Olle " +"Ahnve, Omar Kaminski, Omar Willey, OpenBuilds, Ove Ødegård, Øystein Kjærnet, " +"Pablo López Soriano, Pablo Vasquez, Pacific Design, Paige Mackay, Papp " +"István Péter, Paris Marx, Parker Higgins, Pasquale Borriello, Pat Allan, Pat " +"Hawks, Pat Ludwig, Pat Sticks, Patricia Brennan, Patricia Rosnel, Patricia " +"Wolf, Patrick Berry, Patrick Beseda, Patrick Hurley, Patrick M. Lozeau, " +"Patrick McCabe, Patrick Nafarrete, Patrick Tanguay, Patrick von Hauff, " +"Patrik Kernstock, Patti J Ryan, Paul A Golder, Paul and Iris Brest, Paul " +"Bailey, Paul Bryan, Paul Bunkham, Paul Elosegui, Paul Hibbitts, Paul " +"Jacobson, Paul Keller, Paul Rowe, Paul Timpson, Paul Walker, Pavel Dostál, " +"Peeter Sällström Randsalu, Peggy Frith, Pen-Yuan Hsing, Penny Pearson, Per " +"Åström, Perry Jetter, Péter Fankhauser, Peter Hirtle, Peter Humphries, Peter " +"Jenkins, Peter Langmar, Peter le Roux, Peter Marinari, Peter Mengelers, " +"Peter O’Brien, Peter Pinch, Peter S. Crosby, Peter Wells, Petr Fristedt, " +"Petr Viktorin, Petronella Jeurissen, Phil Flickinger, Philip Chung, Philip " +"Pangrac, Philip R. Skaggs Jr., Philip Young, Philippa Lorne Channer, " "Philippe Vandenbroeck, Pierluigi Luisi, Pierre Suter, Pieter-Jan Pauwels, " "Playground Inc., Pomax, Popenoe, Pouhiou Noenaute, Prilutskiy Kirill, " "Print3Dreams Ltd., Quentin Coispeau, R. Smith, Race DiLoreto, Rachel Mercer, " @@ -12994,36 +13147,36 @@ msgid "" "Ralph Chapoteau, Randall Kirby, Randy Brians, Raphaël Alexandre, Raphaël " "Schröder, Rasmus Jensen, Rayn Drahps, Rayna Stamboliyska, Rebecca Godar, " "Rebecca Lendl, Rebecca Weir, Regina Tschud, Remi Dino, Ric Herrero, Rich " -"McCue, Richard “TalkToMeGuy” Olson, Richard Best, Richard Blumberg, Richard " -"Fannon, Richard Heying, Richard Karnesky, Richard Kelly, Richard Littauer, " -"Richard Sobey, Richard White, Richard Winchell, Rik ToeWater, Rita Lewis, " -"Rita Wood, Riyadh Al Balushi, Rob Balder, Rob Berkley, Rob Bertholf, Rob " -"Emanuele, Rob McAuliffe, Rob McKaughan, Rob Tillie, Rob Utter, Rob Vincent, " -"Robert Gaffney, Robert Jones, Robert Kelly, Robert Lawlis, Robert McDonald, " -"Robert Orzanna, Robert Paterson Hunter, Robert R. Daniel Jr., Robert Ryan-" -"Silva, Robert Thompson, Robert Wagoner, Roberto Selvaggio, Robin DeRosa, " -"Robin Rist Kildal, Rodrigo Castilhos, Roger Bacon, Roger Saner, Roger So, " -"Roger Solé, Roger Tregear, Roland Tanglao, Rolf and Mari von Walthausen, " -"Rolf Egstad, Rolf Schaller, Ron Zuijlen, Ronald Bissell, Ronald van den " -"Hoff, Ronda Snow, Rory Landon Aronson, Ross Findlay, Ross Pruden, Ross " -"Williams, Rowan Skewes, Roy Ivy III, Ruben Flores, Rupert Hitzenberger, Rusi " -"Popov, Russ Antonucci, Russ Spollin, Russell Brand, Rute Correia, Ruth Ann " -"Carpenter, Ruth White, Ryan Mentock, Ryan Merkley, Ryan Price, Ryan Sasaki, " -"Ryan Singer, Ryan Voisin, Ryan Weir, S Searle, Salem Bin Kenaid, Salomon " -"Riedo, Sam Hokin, Sam Twidale, Samantha Levin, Samantha-Jayne Chapman, " -"Samarth Agarwal, Sami Al-AbdRabbuh, Samuel A. Rebelsky, Samuel Goëta, Samuel " -"Hauser, Samuel Landete, Samuel Oliveira Cersosimo, Samuel Tait, Sandra " -"Fauconnier, Sandra Markus, Sandy Bjar, Sandy ONeil, Sang-Phil Ju, Sanjay " -"Basu, Santiago Garcia, Sara Armstrong, Sara Lucca, Sara Rodriguez Marin, " -"Sarah Brand, Sarah Cove, Sarah Curran, Sarah Gold, Sarah McGovern, Sarah " -"Smith, Sarinee Achavanuntakul, Sasha Moss, Sasha VanHoven, Saul Gasca, Scott " -"Abbott, Scott Akerman, Scott Beattie, Scott Bruinooge, Scott Conroy, Scott " -"Gillespie, Scott Williams, Sean Anderson, Sean Johnson, Sean Lim, Sean " -"Wickett, Seb Schmoller, Sebastiaan Bekker, Sebastiaan ter Burg, Sebastian " -"Makowiecki, Sebastian Meyer, Sebastian Schweizer, Sebastian Sigloch, " -"Sebastien Huchet, Seokwon Yang, Sergey Chernyshev, Sergey Storchay, Sergio " -"Cardoso, Seth Drebitko, Seth Gover, Seth Lepore, Shannon Turner, Sharon " -"Clapp, Shauna Redmond, Shawn Gaston, Shawn Martin, Shay Knohl, Shelby " +"McCue, Richard <quote>TalkToMeGuy</quote> Olson, Richard Best, Richard " +"Blumberg, Richard Fannon, Richard Heying, Richard Karnesky, Richard Kelly, " +"Richard Littauer, Richard Sobey, Richard White, Richard Winchell, Rik " +"ToeWater, Rita Lewis, Rita Wood, Riyadh Al Balushi, Rob Balder, Rob Berkley, " +"Rob Bertholf, Rob Emanuele, Rob McAuliffe, Rob McKaughan, Rob Tillie, Rob " +"Utter, Rob Vincent, Robert Gaffney, Robert Jones, Robert Kelly, Robert " +"Lawlis, Robert McDonald, Robert Orzanna, Robert Paterson Hunter, Robert R. " +"Daniel Jr., Robert Ryan-Silva, Robert Thompson, Robert Wagoner, Roberto " +"Selvaggio, Robin DeRosa, Robin Rist Kildal, Rodrigo Castilhos, Roger Bacon, " +"Roger Saner, Roger So, Roger Solé, Roger Tregear, Roland Tanglao, Rolf and " +"Mari von Walthausen, Rolf Egstad, Rolf Schaller, Ron Zuijlen, Ronald " +"Bissell, Ronald van den Hoff, Ronda Snow, Rory Landon Aronson, Ross Findlay, " +"Ross Pruden, Ross Williams, Rowan Skewes, Roy Ivy III, Ruben Flores, Rupert " +"Hitzenberger, Rusi Popov, Russ Antonucci, Russ Spollin, Russell Brand, Rute " +"Correia, Ruth Ann Carpenter, Ruth White, Ryan Mentock, Ryan Merkley, Ryan " +"Price, Ryan Sasaki, Ryan Singer, Ryan Voisin, Ryan Weir, S Searle, Salem Bin " +"Kenaid, Salomon Riedo, Sam Hokin, Sam Twidale, Samantha Levin, Samantha-" +"Jayne Chapman, Samarth Agarwal, Sami Al-AbdRabbuh, Samuel A. Rebelsky, " +"Samuel Goëta, Samuel Hauser, Samuel Landete, Samuel Oliveira Cersosimo, " +"Samuel Tait, Sandra Fauconnier, Sandra Markus, Sandy Bjar, Sandy ONeil, Sang-" +"Phil Ju, Sanjay Basu, Santiago Garcia, Sara Armstrong, Sara Lucca, Sara " +"Rodriguez Marin, Sarah Brand, Sarah Cove, Sarah Curran, Sarah Gold, Sarah " +"McGovern, Sarah Smith, Sarinee Achavanuntakul, Sasha Moss, Sasha VanHoven, " +"Saul Gasca, Scott Abbott, Scott Akerman, Scott Beattie, Scott Bruinooge, " +"Scott Conroy, Scott Gillespie, Scott Williams, Sean Anderson, Sean Johnson, " +"Sean Lim, Sean Wickett, Seb Schmoller, Sebastiaan Bekker, Sebastiaan ter " +"Burg, Sebastian Makowiecki, Sebastian Meyer, Sebastian Schweizer, Sebastian " +"Sigloch, Sebastien Huchet, Seokwon Yang, Sergey Chernyshev, Sergey Storchay, " +"Sergio Cardoso, Seth Drebitko, Seth Gover, Seth Lepore, Shannon Turner, " +"Sharon Clapp, Shauna Redmond, Shawn Gaston, Shawn Martin, Shay Knohl, Shelby " "Hatfield, Sheldon (Vila) Widuch, Sheona Thomson, Si Jie, Sicco van Sas, " "Siena Oristaglio, Simon Glover, Simon John King, Simon Klose, Simon Law, " "Simon Linder, Simon Moffitt, Solomon Kahn, Solomon Simon, Soujanna Sarkar, " @@ -13033,7 +13186,7 @@ msgid "" "Stephen Rose, Stephen Suen, Stephen Walli, Stevan Matheson, Steve Battle, " "Steve Fisches, Steve Fitzhugh, Steve Guen-gerich, Steve Ingram, Steve Kroy, " "Steve Midgley, Steve Rhine, Steven Kasprzyk, Steven Knudsen, Steven Melvin, " -"Stig-Jørund B. Ö. Arnesen, Stuart Drewer, Stuart Maxwell, Stuart Reich, " +"Stig-Jørund B. Ö. Arnesen, Stuart Drewer, Stuart Maxwell, Stuart Reich, " "Subhendu Ghosh, Sujal Shah, Sune Bøegh, Susan Chun, Susan R Grossman, Suzie " "Wiley, Sven Fielitz, Swan/Starts, Sylvain Carle, Sylvain Chery, Sylvia " "Green, Sylvia van Bruggen, Szabolcs Berecz, T. L. Mason, Tanbir Baeg, Tanya " diff --git a/po/sv/mwcc.po b/po/sv/mwcc.po index fa61f39..c4c724b 100644 --- a/po/sv/mwcc.po +++ b/po/sv/mwcc.po @@ -6,10 +6,10 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: Made with Creative Commons 20170609-2\n" -"POT-Creation-Date: 2018-03-12 07:43+0000\n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2018-09-07 06:21+0000\n" "PO-Revision-Date: 2018-07-05 01:41+0000\n" -"Last-Translator: Kristoffer Grundström <kristoffer.grundstrom1983@gmail.com>" -"\n" +"Last-Translator: Kristoffer Grundström <kristoffer.grundstrom1983@gmail." +"com>\n" "Language-Team: Swedish <https://hosted.weblate.org/projects/madewithcc/" "translation/sv/>\n" "Language: sv\n" @@ -25,7 +25,8 @@ msgid "en" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:41 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:41 msgid "Made with Creative Commons" msgstr "Gjord med Creative Commons" @@ -65,7 +66,8 @@ msgid "Mexico City" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:28 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:56 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:28 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:56 msgid "" "This book is published under a CC BY-SA license, which means that you can " "copy, redistribute, remix, transform, and build upon the content for any " @@ -89,8 +91,8 @@ msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para> #: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:44 msgid "" -"Published under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license (CC " -"BY-SA), version 4.0." +"Published under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license (CC BY-" +"SA), version 4.0." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para> @@ -102,7 +104,8 @@ msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para> #: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:48 -msgid "Illustrations by Bryan Mathers, <ulink url=\"https://bryanmmathers.com/\"/>." +msgid "" +"Illustrations by Bryan Mathers, <ulink url=\"https://bryanmmathers.com/\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para> @@ -132,9 +135,8 @@ msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para> #: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:66 msgid "" -"This edition of the book is maintained on <ulink " -"url=\"https://gitlab.com/gunnarwolf/madewithcc-es/\"/>, and the translations " -"are maintained on <ulink " +"This edition of the book is maintained on <ulink url=\"https://gitlab.com/" +"gunnarwolf/madewithcc-es/\"/>, and the translations are maintained on <ulink " "url=\"https://hosted.weblate.org/projects/madewithcc/\"/>. If you find any " "error in the book, please let us know via gitlab." msgstr "" @@ -172,57 +174,58 @@ msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><dedication><blockquote><para> #: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:94 msgid "" -"“I don’t know a whole lot about nonfiction journalism. . . The way that I " -"think about these things, and in terms of what I can do is. . . essays like " -"this are occasions to watch somebody reasonably bright but also reasonably " -"average pay far closer attention and think at far more length about all " -"sorts of different stuff than most of us have a chance to in our daily " -"lives.”" +"<quote>I don’t know a whole lot about nonfiction journalism. . . The way " +"that I think about these things, and in terms of what I can do is. . . " +"essays like this are occasions to watch somebody reasonably bright but also " +"reasonably average pay far closer attention and think at far more length " +"about all sorts of different stuff than most of us have a chance to in our " +"daily lives.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><dedication><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:102 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:103 msgid "— <emphasis>David Foster Wallace</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:107 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:108 msgid "Foreword" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:109 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:110 msgid "" "Three years ago, just after I was hired as CEO of Creative Commons, I met " "with Cory Doctorow in the hotel bar of Toronto’s Gladstone Hotel. As one of " "CC’s most well-known proponents—one who has also had a successful career as " "a writer who shares his work using CC—I told him I thought CC had a role in " "defining and advancing open business models. He kindly disagreed, and called " -"the pursuit of viable business models through CC “a red herring.”" +"the pursuit of viable business models through CC <quote>a red herring.</" +"quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:118 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:119 msgid "" "He was, in a way, completely correct—those who make things with Creative " "Commons have ulterior motives, as Paul Stacey explains in this book: " -"“Regardless of legal status, they all have a social mission. Their primary " -"reason for being is to make the world a better place, not to profit. Money " -"is a means to a social end, not the end itself.”" +"<quote>Regardless of legal status, they all have a social mission. Their " +"primary reason for being is to make the world a better place, not to profit. " +"Money is a means to a social end, not the end itself.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:126 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:127 msgid "" "In the case study about Cory Doctorow, Sarah Hinchliff Pearson cites Cory’s " -"words from his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: “Entering the arts " -"because you want to get rich is like buying lottery tickets because you want " -"to get rich. It might work, but it almost certainly won’t. Though, of " -"course, someone always wins the lottery.”" +"words from his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: <quote>Entering the " +"arts because you want to get rich is like buying lottery tickets because you " +"want to get rich. It might work, but it almost certainly won’t. Though, of " +"course, someone always wins the lottery.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:134 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:135 msgid "" "Today, copyright is like a lottery ticket—everyone has one, and almost " "nobody wins. What they don’t tell you is that if you choose to share your " @@ -233,16 +236,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:143 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:144 msgid "" "So it’s not about the money. Also: it is. Finding the means to continue to " "create and share often requires some amount of income. Max Temkin of Cards " -"Against Humanity says it best in their case study: “We don’t make jokes and " -"games to make money—we make money so we can make more jokes and games.”" +"Against Humanity says it best in their case study: <quote>We don’t make " +"jokes and games to make money—we make money so we can make more jokes and " +"games.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:150 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:151 msgid "" "Creative Commons’ focus is on building a vibrant, usable commons, powered by " "collaboration and gratitude. Enabling communities of collaboration is at the " @@ -253,7 +257,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:159 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:160 msgid "" "Paul dreams of a future where new models of creativity and innovation " "overpower the inequality and scarcity that today define the worst parts of " @@ -265,7 +269,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:168 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:169 msgid "" "Sarah is the best kind of lawyer—a true advocate who believes in the good of " "people, and the power of collective acts to change the world. Over the past " @@ -273,13 +277,12 @@ msgid "" "so much into a political campaign that didn’t end as she’d hoped. Today, " "she’s more determined than ever to live with her values right out on her " "sleeve. I can always count on Sarah to push Creative Commons to focus on our " -"impact—to make the main thing the main thing. She’s practical, " -"detail-oriented, and clever. There’s no one on my team that I enjoy debating " -"more." +"impact—to make the main thing the main thing. She’s practical, detail-" +"oriented, and clever. There’s no one on my team that I enjoy debating more." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:180 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:181 msgid "" "As coauthors, Paul and Sarah complement each other perfectly. They " "researched, analyzed, argued, and worked as a team, sometimes together and " @@ -292,17 +295,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:191 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:192 msgid "" "From the beginning, CC wanted to develop this project with the principles " "and values of open collaboration. The book was funded, developed, " -"researched, and written in the open. It is being shared openly under a CC " -"BY-SA license for anyone to use, remix, or adapt with attribution. It is, in " +"researched, and written in the open. It is being shared openly under a CC BY-" +"SA license for anyone to use, remix, or adapt with attribution. It is, in " "itself, an example of an open business model." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:199 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:200 msgid "" "For 31 days in August of 2015, Sarah took point to organize and execute a " "Kickstarter campaign to generate the core funding for the book. The " @@ -313,7 +316,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:208 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:209 msgid "" "Paul and Sarah worked openly throughout the project, publishing the plans, " "drafts, case studies, and analysis, early and often, and they engaged " @@ -325,7 +328,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:218 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:219 msgid "" "Those who work and share in the commons are not typical creators. They are " "part of something greater than themselves, and what they offer us all is a " @@ -333,7 +336,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:224 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:225 msgid "" "Jonathan Mann, who is profiled in this book, writes a song a day. When I " "reached out to ask him to write a song for our Kickstarter (and to offer " @@ -344,23 +347,23 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:233 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:234 msgid "" -"Sarah writes, “Endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons thrive when " -"community is built around what they do. This may mean a community " +"Sarah writes, <quote>Endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons thrive " +"when community is built around what they do. This may mean a community " "collaborating together to create something new, or it may simply be a " "collection of like-minded people who get to know each other and rally around " "common interests or beliefs. To a certain extent, simply being Made with " "Creative Commons automatically brings with it some element of community, by " "helping connect you to like-minded others who recognize and are drawn to the " -"values symbolized by using CC.” Amanda Palmer, the other musician profiled " -"in the book, would surely add this from her case study: “There is no more " -"satisfying end goal than having someone tell you that what you do is " -"genuinely of value to them.”" +"values symbolized by using CC.</quote> Amanda Palmer, the other musician " +"profiled in the book, would surely add this from her case study: " +"<quote>There is no more satisfying end goal than having someone tell you " +"that what you do is genuinely of value to them.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:247 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:248 msgid "" "This is not a typical business book. For those looking for a recipe or a " "roadmap, you might be disappointed. But for those looking to pursue a social " @@ -372,56 +375,56 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:257 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:258 msgid "" -"In a 1996 Stanford Law Review article “The Zones of Cyberspace”, CC founder " -"Lawrence Lessig wrote, “Cyberspace is a place. People live there. They " -"experience all the sorts of things that they experience in real space, " -"there. For some, they experience more. They experience this not as isolated " -"individuals, playing some high tech computer game; they experience it in " -"groups, in communities, among strangers, among people they come to know, and " -"sometimes like.”" +"In a 1996 Stanford Law Review article <quote>The Zones of Cyberspace</" +"quote>, CC founder Lawrence Lessig wrote, <quote>Cyberspace is a place. " +"People live there. They experience all the sorts of things that they " +"experience in real space, there. For some, they experience more. They " +"experience this not as isolated individuals, playing some high tech computer " +"game; they experience it in groups, in communities, among strangers, among " +"people they come to know, and sometimes like.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:266 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:268 msgid "" "I’m incredibly proud that Creative Commons is able to publish this book for " "the many communities that we have come to know and like. I’m grateful to " "Paul and Sarah for their creativity and insights, and to the global " "communities that have helped us bring it to you. As CC board member " -"Johnathan Nightingale often says, “It’s all made of people.”" +"Johnathan Nightingale often says, <quote>It’s all made of people.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:274 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:276 msgid "That’s the true value of things that are Made with Creative Commons." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:277 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:279 msgid "<emphasis>Ryan Merkley</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:280 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:282 msgid "<emphasis>CEO, Creative Commons</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:284 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:286 msgid "Introduction" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:286 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:288 msgid "" "This book shows the world how sharing can be good for business—but with a " "twist." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:290 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:292 msgid "" "We began the project intending to explore how creators, organizations, and " "businesses make money to sustain what they do when they share their work " @@ -429,31 +432,30 @@ msgid "" "business models that use Creative Commons but instead gather fresh ideas and " "dynamic examples that spark new, innovative models and help others follow " "suit by building on what already works. At the onset, we framed our " -"investigation in familiar business terms. We created a blank “open business " -"model canvas,” an interactive online tool that would help people design and " -"analyze their business model." +"investigation in familiar business terms. We created a blank <quote>open " +"business model canvas,</quote> an interactive online tool that would help " +"people design and analyze their business model." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:302 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:304 msgid "" "Through the generous funding of Kickstarter backers, we set about this " "project first by identifying and selecting a diverse group of creators, " -"organizations, and businesses who use Creative Commons in an integral " -"way—what we call being Made with Creative Commons. We interviewed them and " -"wrote up their stories. We analyzed what we heard and dug deep into the " -"literature." +"organizations, and businesses who use Creative Commons in an integral way—" +"what we call being Made with Creative Commons. We interviewed them and wrote " +"up their stories. We analyzed what we heard and dug deep into the literature." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:310 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:312 msgid "" "But as we did our research, something interesting happened. Our initial way " "of framing the work did not match the stories we were hearing." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:315 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:317 msgid "" "Those we interviewed were not typical businesses selling to consumers and " "seeking to maximize profits and the bottom line. Instead, they were sharing " @@ -463,17 +465,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:323 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:325 msgid "" "They often didn’t like hearing what they do described as an open business " -"model. Their endeavor was something more than that. Something " -"different. Something that generates not just economic value but social and " -"cultural value. Something that involves human connection. Being Made with " -"Creative Commons is not “business as usual.”" +"model. Their endeavor was something more than that. Something different. " +"Something that generates not just economic value but social and cultural " +"value. Something that involves human connection. Being Made with Creative " +"Commons is not <quote>business as usual.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:331 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:333 msgid "" "We had to rethink the way we conceived of this project. And it didn’t happen " "overnight. From the fall of 2015 through 2016, we documented our thoughts in " @@ -484,7 +486,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:340 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:342 msgid "" "Throughout the process, the two of us have often had very different ways of " "understanding and describing what we were learning. Learning from each other " @@ -496,26 +498,25 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:350 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:352 msgid "" "While we recommend that you read the book from start to finish, each section " -"reads more or less independently. The book is structured into two main " -"parts." +"reads more or less independently. The book is structured into two main parts." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:355 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:357 msgid "" -"Part one, the overview, begins with a big-picture framework written by " -"Paul. He provides some historical context for the digital commons, " -"describing the three ways society has managed resources and shared " -"wealth—the commons, the market, and the state. He advocates for thinking " -"beyond business and market terms and eloquently makes the case for sharing " -"and enlarging the digital commons." +"Part one, the overview, begins with a big-picture framework written by Paul. " +"He provides some historical context for the digital commons, describing the " +"three ways society has managed resources and shared wealth—the commons, the " +"market, and the state. He advocates for thinking beyond business and market " +"terms and eloquently makes the case for sharing and enlarging the digital " +"commons." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:363 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:365 msgid "" "The overview continues with Sarah’s chapter, as she considers what it means " "to be successfully Made with Creative Commons. While making money is one " @@ -523,12 +524,11 @@ msgid "" "of human connections that make sharing truly meaningful. This section " "outlines the ways the creators, organizations, and businesses we interviewed " "bring in revenue, how they further the public interest and live out their " -"values, and how they foster connections with the people with whom they " -"share." +"values, and how they foster connections with the people with whom they share." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:373 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:375 msgid "" "And to end part one, we have a short section that explains the different " "Creative Commons licenses. We talk about the misconception that the more " @@ -537,7 +537,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:380 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:382 msgid "" "Part two of the book is made up of the twenty-four stories of the creators, " "businesses, and organizations we interviewed. While both of us participated " @@ -545,7 +545,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:386 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:388 msgid "" "Of course, we are pleased to make the book available using a Creative " "Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license. Please copy, distribute, translate, " @@ -553,7 +553,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:391 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:393 msgid "" "Writing this book has transformed and inspired us. The way we now look at " "and think about what it means to be Made with Creative Commons has " @@ -563,44 +563,45 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:398 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:400 msgid "<emphasis>Paul and Sarah </emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:402 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:404 msgid "The Big Picture" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:404 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:406 msgid "The New World of Digital Commons" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:406 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:408 msgid "Paul Stacey" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:416 -msgid "Jonathan Rowe, Our Common Wealth (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013), 14." +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:418 +msgid "" +"Jonathan Rowe, Our Common Wealth (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013), 14." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:409 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:411 msgid "" -"Jonathan Rowe eloquently describes the commons as “the air and oceans, the " -"web of species, wilderness and flowing water—all are parts of the " +"Jonathan Rowe eloquently describes the commons as <quote>the air and oceans, " +"the web of species, wilderness and flowing water—all are parts of the " "commons. So are language and knowledge, sidewalks and public squares, the " "stories of childhood and the processes of democracy. Some parts of the " "commons are gifts of nature, others the product of human endeavor. Some are " -"new, such as the Internet; others are as ancient as soil and " -"calligraphy.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"new, such as the Internet; others are as ancient as soil and calligraphy.</" +"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:421 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:423 msgid "" "In Made with Creative Commons, we focus on our current era of digital " "commons, a commons of human-produced works. This commons cuts across a broad " @@ -613,24 +614,24 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:436 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:438 msgid "" "David Bollier, Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of " "the Commons (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014), 176." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:444 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:446 msgid "Ibid., 15." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:432 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:434 msgid "" "The commons is not just about shared resources, however. It’s also about the " "social practices and values that manage them. A resource is a noun, but to " -"common—to put the resource into the commons—is a verb.<placeholder " -"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> The creators, organizations, and businesses we " +"common—to put the resource into the commons—is a verb.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> The creators, organizations, and businesses we " "profile are all engaged with commoning. Their use of Creative Commons " "involves them in the social practice of commoning, managing resources in a " "collective manner with a community of users.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " @@ -640,51 +641,51 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:451 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:453 msgid "The Commons, the Market, and the State" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:457 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:459 msgid "Ibid., 145." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:453 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:455 msgid "" "Historically, there have been three ways to manage resources and share " "wealth: the commons (managed collectively), the state (i.e., the " -"government), and the market—with the last two being the dominant forms " -"today.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"government), and the market—with the last two being the dominant forms today." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:466 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:468 msgid "Ibid., 175." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:461 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:463 msgid "" "The organizations and businesses in our case studies are unique in the way " "they participate in the commons while still engaging with the market and/or " "state. The extent of engagement with market or state varies. Some operate " -"primarily as a commons with minimal or no reliance on the market or " -"state.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Others are very much a part " -"of the market or state, depending on them for financial sustainability. All " -"operate as hybrids, blending the norms of the commons with those of the " -"market or state." +"primarily as a commons with minimal or no reliance on the market or state." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Others are very much a part of the " +"market or state, depending on them for financial sustainability. All operate " +"as hybrids, blending the norms of the commons with those of the market or " +"state." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:473 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:475 msgid "" "Fig. 1. is a depiction of how an enterprise can have varying levels of " "engagement with commons, state, and market." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:477 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:479 msgid "" "Some of our case studies are simply commons and market enterprises with " "little or no engagement with the state. A depiction of those case studies " @@ -697,7 +698,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:488 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:490 msgid "" "All our case studies generate money as a means of livelihood and " "sustainability. Money is primarily of the market. Finding ways to generate " @@ -708,7 +709,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:497 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:499 msgid "" "The state has an important role to play in fostering the use and adoption of " "the commons. State programs and funding can deliberately contribute to and " @@ -717,22 +718,28 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><textobject><phrase> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:504 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:511 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:506 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:513 msgid "Enterprise engagement with commons, state and market." msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:508 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:510 msgid "Pictures/10000201000008000000045C30360249076453E6.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:506 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:555 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:673 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:802 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:844 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:929 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:508 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:557 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:675 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:804 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:846 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:934 msgid "<placeholder type=\"mediaobject\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:517 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:519 msgid "" "It’s helpful to understand how the commons, market, and state manage " "resources differently, and not just for those who consider themselves " @@ -744,33 +751,33 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:528 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:530 msgid "The Four Aspects of a Resource" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:533 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:535 msgid "" -"Daniel H. Cole, “Learning from Lin: Lessons and Cautions from the Natural " -"Commons for the Knowledge Commons,” in Governing Knowledge Commons, " -"eds. Brett M. Frischmann, Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg " -"(New York: Oxford University Press, 2014), 53." +"Daniel H. Cole, <quote>Learning from Lin: Lessons and Cautions from the " +"Natural Commons for the Knowledge Commons,</quote> in Governing Knowledge " +"Commons, eds. Brett M. Frischmann, Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. " +"Strandburg (New York: Oxford University Press, 2014), 53." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:530 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:532 msgid "" "As part of her Nobel Prize–winning work, Elinor Ostrom developed a framework " "for analyzing how natural resources are managed in a commons.<placeholder " "type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Her framework considered things like the " "biophysical characteristics of common resources, the community’s actors and " -"the interactions that take place between them, rules-in-use, and " -"outcomes. That framework has been simplified and generalized to apply to the " -"commons, the market, and the state for this chapter." +"the interactions that take place between them, rules-in-use, and outcomes. " +"That framework has been simplified and generalized to apply to the commons, " +"the market, and the state for this chapter." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:546 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:548 msgid "" "To compare and contrast the ways in which the commons, market, and state " "work, let’s consider four aspects of resource management: resource " @@ -780,31 +787,32 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><textobject><phrase> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:554 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:560 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:556 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:562 msgid "Four aspects of resource management" msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:557 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:559 msgid "Pictures/10000201000007D0000007D0ACF13F8B71EAF0B9.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:566 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:568 msgid "Characteristics" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:568 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:570 msgid "" "Resources have particular characteristics or attributes that affect the way " -"they can be used. Some resources are natural; others are human " -"produced. And—significantly for today’s commons—resources can be physical or " -"digital, which affects a resource’s inherent potential." +"they can be used. Some resources are natural; others are human produced. And—" +"significantly for today’s commons—resources can be physical or digital, " +"which affects a resource’s inherent potential." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:575 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:577 msgid "" "Physical resources exist in limited supply. If I have a physical resource " "and give it to you, I no longer have it. When a resource is removed and " @@ -816,7 +824,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:586 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:588 msgid "" "Physical resources are depletable, exclusive, and rivalrous. Digital " "resources, on the other hand, are nondepletable, nonexclusive, and " @@ -828,18 +836,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:596 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:598 msgid "" "The nondepletable, nonexclusive, and nonrivalrous nature of digital " "resources means the rules and norms for managing them can (and ought to) be " "different from how physical resources are managed. However, this is not " -"always the case. Digital resources are frequently made artificially " -"scarce. Placing digital resources in the commons makes them free and " -"abundant." +"always the case. Digital resources are frequently made artificially scarce. " +"Placing digital resources in the commons makes them free and abundant." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:604 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:606 msgid "" "Our case studies frequently manage hybrid resources, which start out as " "digital with the possibility of being made into a physical resource. The " @@ -851,24 +858,24 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:615 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:617 msgid "" "Beyond this idea of physical versus digital, the commons, market, and state " "conceive of resources differently (see Fig. 3). The market sees resources " "as private goods—commodities for sale—from which value is extracted. The " -"state sees resources as public goods that provide value to state " -"citizens. The commons sees resources as common goods, providing a common " -"wealth extending beyond state boundaries, to be passed on in undiminished or " +"state sees resources as public goods that provide value to state citizens. " +"The commons sees resources as common goods, providing a common wealth " +"extending beyond state boundaries, to be passed on in undiminished or " "enhanced form to future generations." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:626 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:628 msgid "People and processes" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:628 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:630 msgid "" "In the commons, the market, and the state, different people and processes " "are used to manage resources. The processes used define both who has a say " @@ -876,7 +883,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:633 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:635 msgid "" "In the state, a government of elected officials is responsible for managing " "resources on behalf of the public. The citizens who produce and use those " @@ -887,7 +894,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:642 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:644 msgid "" "In the market, the people involved are producers, buyers, sellers, and " "consumers. Businesses act as intermediaries between those who produce " @@ -898,14 +905,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:653 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:655 msgid "" "Max Haiven, Crises of Imagination, Crises of Power: Capitalism, Creativity " "and the Commons (New York: Zed Books, 2014), 93." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:651 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:653 msgid "" "In contrast to the state and market, resources in a commons are managed more " "directly by the people involved.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> " @@ -922,22 +929,23 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><mediaobject><textobject><phrase> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:671 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:678 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:673 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:680 msgid "How the market, commons and state concieve of resources." msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:675 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:677 msgid "Pictures/10000201000009C40000065D9EC4F530BD4DFBE0.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:685 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:687 msgid "Norms and rules" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:687 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:689 msgid "" "The social interactions between people, and the processes used by the state, " "market, and commons, evolve social norms and rules. These norms and rules " @@ -945,7 +953,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:693 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:695 msgid "" "State authority is governed by national constitutions. Norms related to " "priorities and decision making are defined by elected officials and " @@ -955,7 +963,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:701 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:703 msgid "" "Market norms are influenced by economics and competition for scarce " "resources. Market rules follow property, business, and financial laws " @@ -963,28 +971,28 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:713 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:715 msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 175." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:706 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:708 msgid "" "As with the market, a commons can be influenced by state policies, " "regulations, and laws. But the norms and rules of a commons are largely " "defined by the community. They weigh individual costs and benefits against " "the costs and benefits to the whole community. Consideration is given not " -"just to economic efficiency but also to equity and " -"sustainability.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"just to economic efficiency but also to equity and sustainability." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:718 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:720 msgid "Goals" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:720 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:722 msgid "" "The combination of the aspects we’ve discussed so far—the resource’s " "inherent characteristics, people and processes, and norms and rules—shape " @@ -993,16 +1001,16 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:732 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:734 msgid "" -"Joshua Farley and Ida Kubiszewski, “The Economics of Information in a " -"Post-Carbon Economy,” in Free Knowledge: Confronting the Commodification of " -"Human Discovery, eds. Patricia W. Elliott and Daryl H. Hepting (Regina, SK: " -"University of Regina Press, 2015), 201–4." +"Joshua Farley and Ida Kubiszewski, <quote>The Economics of Information in a " +"Post-Carbon Economy,</quote> in Free Knowledge: Confronting the " +"Commodification of Human Discovery, eds. Patricia W. Elliott and Daryl H. " +"Hepting (Regina, SK: University of Regina Press, 2015), 201–4." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:727 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:729 msgid "" "In the market, the focus is on maximizing the utility of a resource. What we " "pay for the goods we consume is seen as an objective measure of the utility " @@ -1013,7 +1021,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:742 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:744 msgid "" "The state aims to use and manage resources in a way that balances the " "economy with the social and cultural needs of its citizens. Health care, " @@ -1024,7 +1032,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:751 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:753 msgid "" "In the commons, the goal is maximizing access, equity, distribution, " "participation, innovation, and sustainability. You can measure success by " @@ -1035,7 +1043,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:760 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:762 msgid "" "As hybrid combinations of the commons with the market or state, the success " "and sustainability of all our case study enterprises depends on their " @@ -1044,12 +1052,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:768 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:770 msgid "A Short History of the Commons" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:770 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:772 msgid "" "Using the commons to manage resources is part of a long historical " "continuum. However, in contemporary society, the market and the state " @@ -1060,17 +1068,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:779 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:781 msgid "" "But the more than 1.1 billion resources licensed with Creative Commons " -"around the world are indications of a grassroots move toward the " -"commons. The commons is making a resurgence. To understand the resilience of " -"the commons and its current renewal, it’s helpful to know something of its " +"around the world are indications of a grassroots move toward the commons. " +"The commons is making a resurgence. To understand the resilience of the " +"commons and its current renewal, it’s helpful to know something of its " "history." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:790 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:792 msgid "" "Rowe, Our Common Wealth, 19; and Heather Menzies, Reclaiming the Commons for " "the Common Good: A Memoir and Manifesto (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, " @@ -1078,7 +1086,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:786 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:788 msgid "" "For centuries, indigenous people and preindustrialized societies managed " "resources, including water, food, firewood, irrigation, fish, wild game, and " @@ -1091,22 +1099,23 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><textobject><phrase> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:801 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:807 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:803 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:809 msgid "In preindustrialized society." msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:804 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:806 msgid "Pictures/10000201000009C4000005153EACBD62F00F6BA9.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:816 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:818 msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 55–78." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:820 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:822 msgid "" "Fritjof Capra and Ugo Mattei, The Ecology of Law: Toward a Legal System in " "Tune with Nature and Community (Oakland, CA: Berrett-Koehler, 2015), 46–57; " @@ -1114,96 +1123,97 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:813 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:815 msgid "" "This is followed by a long history of the state (a monarchy or ruler) taking " "over the commons for their own purposes. This is called enclosure of the " -"commons.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> In olden days, “commoners” " -"were evicted from the land, fences and hedges erected, laws passed, and " -"security set up to forbid access.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> " -"Gradually, resources became the property of the state and the state became " -"the primary means by which resources were managed. (See Fig. 5)." +"commons.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> In olden days, " +"<quote>commoners</quote> were evicted from the land, fences and hedges " +"erected, laws passed, and security set up to forbid access.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> Gradually, resources became the property of the " +"state and the state became the primary means by which resources were " +"managed. (See Fig. 5)." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:829 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:831 msgid "" "Holdings of land, water, and game were distributed to ruling family and " -"political appointees. Commoners displaced from the land migrated to " -"cities. With the emergence of the industrial revolution, land and resources " -"became commodities sold to businesses to support production. Monarchies " -"evolved into elected parliaments. Commoners became labourers earning money " -"operating the machinery of industry. Financial, business, and property laws " -"were revised by governments to support markets, growth, and " -"productivity. Over time ready access to market produced goods resulted in a " -"rising standard of living, improved health, and education. Fig. 6 shows how " -"today the market is the primary means by which resources are managed." +"political appointees. Commoners displaced from the land migrated to cities. " +"With the emergence of the industrial revolution, land and resources became " +"commodities sold to businesses to support production. Monarchies evolved " +"into elected parliaments. Commoners became labourers earning money operating " +"the machinery of industry. Financial, business, and property laws were " +"revised by governments to support markets, growth, and productivity. Over " +"time ready access to market produced goods resulted in a rising standard of " +"living, improved health, and education. Fig. 6 shows how today the market is " +"the primary means by which resources are managed." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><textobject><phrase> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:843 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:849 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:845 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:851 msgid "The commons is gradually superseded by the state." msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:846 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:848 msgid "Pictures/10000201000009C4000005150F069409C1CC12F0.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:855 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:857 msgid "" "However, the world today is going through turbulent times. The benefits of " "the market have been offset by unequal distribution and overexploitation." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:860 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:862 msgid "" -"Overexploitation was the topic of Garrett Hardin’s influential essay “The " -"Tragedy of the Commons,” published in Science in 1968. Hardin argues that " -"everyone in a commons seeks to maximize personal gain and will continue to " -"do so even when the limits of the commons are reached. The commons is then " -"tragically depleted to the point where it can no longer support " -"anyone. Hardin’s essay became widely accepted as an economic truism and a " -"justification for private property and free markets." +"Overexploitation was the topic of Garrett Hardin’s influential essay " +"<quote>The Tragedy of the Commons,</quote> published in Science in 1968. " +"Hardin argues that everyone in a commons seeks to maximize personal gain and " +"will continue to do so even when the limits of the commons are reached. The " +"commons is then tragically depleted to the point where it can no longer " +"support anyone. Hardin’s essay became widely accepted as an economic truism " +"and a justification for private property and free markets." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:887 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:890 msgid "" "Brett M. Frischmann, Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg, " -"“Governing Knowledge Commons,” in Frischmann, Madison, and Strandburg " -"Governing Knowledge Commons, 12." +"<quote>Governing Knowledge Commons,</quote> in Frischmann, Madison, and " +"Strandburg Governing Knowledge Commons, 12." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:870 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:873 msgid "" -"However, there is one serious flaw with Hardin’s “The Tragedy of the " -"Commons”—it’s fiction. Hardin did not actually study how real commons " +"However, there is one serious flaw with Hardin’s <quote>The Tragedy of the " +"Commons</quote>—it’s fiction. Hardin did not actually study how real commons " "work. Elinor Ostrom won the 2009 Nobel Prize in economics for her work " "studying different commons all around the world. Ostrom’s work shows that " "natural resource commons can be successfully managed by local communities " -"without any regulation by central authorities or without " -"privatization. Government and privatization are not the only two " -"choices. There is a third way: management by the people, where those that " -"are directly impacted are directly involved. With natural resources, there " -"is a regional locality. The people in the region are the most familiar with " -"the natural resource, have the most direct relationship and history with it, " -"and are therefore best situated to manage it. Ostrom’s approach to the " -"governance of natural resources broke with convention; she recognized the " -"importance of the commons as an alternative to the market or state for " -"solving problems of collective action.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " -"id=\"0\"/>" +"without any regulation by central authorities or without privatization. " +"Government and privatization are not the only two choices. There is a third " +"way: management by the people, where those that are directly impacted are " +"directly involved. With natural resources, there is a regional locality. The " +"people in the region are the most familiar with the natural resource, have " +"the most direct relationship and history with it, and are therefore best " +"situated to manage it. Ostrom’s approach to the governance of natural " +"resources broke with convention; she recognized the importance of the " +"commons as an alternative to the market or state for solving problems of " +"collective action.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:893 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:897 msgid "" "Hardin failed to consider the actual social dynamic of the commons. His " -"model assumed that people in the commons act autonomously, out of pure " -"self-interest, without interaction or consideration of others. But as Ostrom " +"model assumed that people in the commons act autonomously, out of pure self-" +"interest, without interaction or consideration of others. But as Ostrom " "found, in reality, managing common resources together forms a community and " "encourages discourse. This naturally generates norms and rules that help " "people work collectively and ensure a sustainable commons. Paradoxically, " @@ -1212,28 +1222,28 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:909 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:913 msgid "" -"Farley and Kubiszewski, “Economics of Information,” in Elliott and Hepting, " -"Free Knowledge, 203." +"Farley and Kubiszewski, <quote>Economics of Information,</quote> in Elliott " +"and Hepting, Free Knowledge, 203." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:905 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:909 msgid "" "Hardin’s story is based on the premise of depletable resources. Economists " "have focused almost exclusively on scarcity-based markets. Very little is " "known about how abundance works.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> " "The emergence of information technology and the Internet has led to an " -"explosion in digital resources and new means of sharing and " -"distribution. Digital resources can never be depleted. An absence of a " -"theory or model for how abundance works, however, has led the market to make " -"digital resources artificially scarce and makes it possible for the usual " -"market norms and rules to be applied." +"explosion in digital resources and new means of sharing and distribution. " +"Digital resources can never be depleted. An absence of a theory or model for " +"how abundance works, however, has led the market to make digital resources " +"artificially scarce and makes it possible for the usual market norms and " +"rules to be applied." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:920 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:925 msgid "" "When it comes to use of state funds to create digital goods, however, there " "is really no justification for artificial scarcity. The norm for state " @@ -1242,22 +1252,23 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><textobject><phrase> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:927 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:934 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:932 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:939 msgid "How the market, the state and the commons look today." msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:931 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:936 msgid "Pictures/10000201000009C400000515F1CAA15B223F6BAF.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:941 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:946 msgid "The Digital Revolution" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:943 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:948 msgid "" "In the early days of computing, programmers and developers learned from each " "other by sharing software. In the 1980s, the free-software movement codified " @@ -1265,12 +1276,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:951 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:956 msgid "The freedom to run a software program as you wish, for any purpose." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:957 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:962 msgid "" "The freedom to study how a software program works (because access to the " "source code has been freely given), and change it so it does your computing " @@ -1278,39 +1289,41 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:964 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:969 msgid "The freedom to redistribute copies." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:971 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:975 msgid "" -"“What Is Free Software?” GNU Operating System, the Free Software " -"Foundation’s Licensing and Compliance Lab, accessed December 30, 2016, " -"<ulink url=\"http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw\"/>." +"<quote>What Is Free Software?</quote> GNU Operating System, the Free " +"Software Foundation’s Licensing and Compliance Lab, accessed December 30, " +"2016, <ulink url=\"http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:969 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:974 msgid "" -"The freedom to distribute copies of your modified versions to " -"others.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"The freedom to distribute copies of your modified versions to others." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:980 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:984 msgid "" "These principles and freedoms constitute a set of norms and rules that " "typify a digital commons." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:995 -msgid "Wikipedia, s.v. “Open-source software,” last modified November 22, 2016." +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:999 +msgid "" +"Wikipedia, s.v. <quote>Open-source software,</quote> last modified November " +"22, 2016." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:984 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:988 msgid "" "In the late 1990s, to make the sharing of source code and collaboration more " "appealing to companies, the open-source-software initiative converted these " @@ -1327,29 +1340,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1010 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1014 msgid "" -"Eric S. Raymond, “The Magic Cauldron,” in The Cathedral and the Bazaar: " -"Musings on Linux and Open Source by an Accidental Revolutionary, " -"rev. ed. (Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, 2001), <ulink " -"url=\"http://www.catb.org/esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/\"/>." +"Eric S. Raymond, <quote>The Magic Cauldron,</quote> in The Cathedral and the " +"Bazaar: Musings on Linux and Open Source by an Accidental Revolutionary, " +"rev. ed. (Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, 2001), <ulink url=\"http://www." +"catb.org/esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1002 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1006 msgid "" "While open-source software functions as a commons, many businesses and " "markets did build up around it. Business models based on the licenses and " "standards of open-source software evolved alongside organizations that " "managed software code on principles of abundance rather than scarcity. Eric " -"Raymond’s essay “The Magic Cauldron” does a great job of analyzing the " -"economics and business models associated with open-source " +"Raymond’s essay <quote>The Magic Cauldron</quote> does a great job of " +"analyzing the economics and business models associated with open-source " "software.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> These models can provide " "examples of sustainable approaches for those Made with Creative Commons." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1019 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1023 msgid "" "It isn’t just about an abundant availability of digital assets but also " "about abundance of participation. The growth of personal computing, " @@ -1357,14 +1370,14 @@ msgid "" "participation in producing creative works and distributing them. Photos, " "books, music, and many other forms of digital content could now be readily " "created and distributed by almost anyone. Despite this potential for " -"abundance, by default these digital works are governed by copyright " -"laws. Under copyright, a digital work is the property of the creator, and by " -"law others are excluded from accessing and using it without the creator’s " +"abundance, by default these digital works are governed by copyright laws. " +"Under copyright, a digital work is the property of the creator, and by law " +"others are excluded from accessing and using it without the creator’s " "permission." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1038 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1042 msgid "" "New York Times Customer Insight Group, The Psychology of Sharing: Why Do " "People Share Online? (New York: New York Times Customer Insight Group, " @@ -1372,7 +1385,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1032 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1036 msgid "" "But people like to share. One of the ways we define ourselves is by sharing " "valuable and entertaining content. Doing so grows and nourishes " @@ -1382,12 +1395,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1046 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1050 msgid "The Birth of Creative Commons" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1048 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1052 msgid "" "In 2001, Creative Commons was created as a nonprofit to support all those " "who wanted to share digital content. A suite of Creative Commons licenses " @@ -1398,20 +1411,20 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1069 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1072 msgid "" -"“Licensing Considerations,” Creative Commons, accessed December 30, 2016, " -"<ulink " -"url=\"http://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/licensing-considerations/\"/>." +"<quote>Licensing Considerations,</quote> Creative Commons, accessed December " +"30, 2016, <ulink url=\"http://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/licensing-" +"considerations/\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1057 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1061 msgid "" "Creative Commons licenses have a three-layer design. The norms and rules of " -"each license are first expressed in full legal language as used by " -"lawyers. This layer is called the legal code. But since most creators and " -"users are not lawyers, the licenses also have a commons deed, expressing the " +"each license are first expressed in full legal language as used by lawyers. " +"This layer is called the legal code. But since most creators and users are " +"not lawyers, the licenses also have a commons deed, expressing the " "permissions in plain language, which regular people can read and quickly " "understand. It acts as a user-friendly interface to the legal-code layer " "beneath. The third layer is the machine-readable one, making it easy for the " @@ -1423,7 +1436,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1077 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1080 msgid "" "In 2015, there were over one billion Creative Commons licensed works in a " "global commons. These works were viewed online 136 billion times. People are " @@ -1433,14 +1446,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1090 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1093 msgid "" "Creative Commons, 2015 State of the Commons (Mountain View, CA: Creative " "Commons, 2015), <ulink url=\"http://stateof.creativecommons.org/2015/\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1085 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1088 msgid "" "Individual artists, photographers, musicians, and filmmakers use Creative " "Commons, but so do museums, governments, creative industries, manufacturers, " @@ -1452,21 +1465,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1098 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1101 msgid "" "Some see Creative Commons as a way to share a gift with others, a way of " "getting known, or a way to provide social benefit. Others are simply " "committed to the norms associated with a commons. And for some, " "participation has been spurred by the free-culture movement, a social " -"movement that promotes the freedom to distribute and modify creative " -"works. The free-culture movement sees a commons as providing significant " -"benefits compared to restrictive copyright laws. This ethos of free exchange " -"in a commons aligns the free-culture movement with the free and open-source " +"movement that promotes the freedom to distribute and modify creative works. " +"The free-culture movement sees a commons as providing significant benefits " +"compared to restrictive copyright laws. This ethos of free exchange in a " +"commons aligns the free-culture movement with the free and open-source " "software movement." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1110 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1113 msgid "" "Over time, Creative Commons has spawned a range of open movements, including " "open educational resources, open access, open science, and open data. The " @@ -1476,15 +1489,15 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1123 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1126 msgid "" -"Wikipedia, s.v. “Open Government Partnership,” last modified September 24, " -"2016, <ulink " -"url=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Government_Partnership\"/>." +"Wikipedia, s.v. <quote>Open Government Partnership,</quote> last modified " +"September 24, 2016, <ulink url=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/" +"Open_Government_Partnership\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1118 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1121 msgid "" "The state is increasingly involved in supporting open movements. The Open " "Government Partnership was launched in 2011 to provide an international " @@ -1498,22 +1511,22 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1134 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1137 msgid "The Changing Market" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1142 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1145 msgid "Capra and Mattei, Ecology of Law, 114." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1150 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1153 msgid "Ibid., 116." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1136 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1139 msgid "" "Today’s market is largely driven by global capitalism. Law and financial " "systems are structured to support extraction, privatization, and corporate " @@ -1529,15 +1542,15 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1160 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1163 msgid "" -"The Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency, “Stockholm " -"Statement” accessed February 15, 2017, <ulink " -"url=\"http://sida.se/globalassets/sida/eng/press/stockholm-statement.pdf\"/>" +"The Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency, <quote>Stockholm " +"Statement</quote> accessed February 15, 2017, <ulink url=\"http://sida.se/" +"globalassets/sida/eng/press/stockholm-statement.pdf\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1154 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1157 msgid "" "In light of these challenges there is a growing recognition that GDP growth " "should not be an end in itself, that development needs to be socially and " @@ -1547,45 +1560,46 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1171 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1175 msgid "" "City of Bologna, Regulation on Collaboration between Citizens and the City " "for the Care and Regeneration of Urban Commons, trans. LabGov (LABoratory " "for the GOVernance of Commons) (Bologna, Italy: City of Bologna, 2014), " -"<ulink " -"url=\"http://www.labgov.it/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/Bologna-Regulation-on-collaboration-between-citizens-and-the-city-for-the-cure-and-regeneration-of-urban-commons1.pdf\"/>." +"<ulink url=\"http://www.labgov.it/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/Bologna-" +"Regulation-on-collaboration-between-citizens-and-the-city-for-the-cure-and-" +"regeneration-of-urban-commons1.pdf\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1181 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1185 msgid "" -"The Seoul Sharing City website is <ulink " -"url=\"http://english.sharehub.kr\"/>; for Amsterdam Sharing City, go to " -"<ulink url=\"http://www.sharenl.nl/amsterdam-sharing-city/\"/>." +"The Seoul Sharing City website is <ulink url=\"http://english.sharehub.kr\"/" +">; for Amsterdam Sharing City, go to <ulink url=\"http://www.sharenl.nl/" +"amsterdam-sharing-city/\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1166 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1170 msgid "" "These realizations have led to a resurgence of interest in the commons as a " "means of enabling that balance. City governments like Bologna, Italy, are " "collaborating with their citizens to put in place regulations for the care " "and regeneration of urban commons.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> " -"Seoul and Amsterdam call themselves “sharing cities,” looking to make " -"sustainable and more efficient use of scarce resources. They see sharing as " -"a way to improve the use of public spaces, mobility, social cohesion, and " -"safety.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" +"Seoul and Amsterdam call themselves <quote>sharing cities,</quote> looking " +"to make sustainable and more efficient use of scarce resources. They see " +"sharing as a way to improve the use of public spaces, mobility, social " +"cohesion, and safety.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1198 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1202 msgid "" "Tom Slee, What’s Yours Is Mine: Against the Sharing Economy (New York: OR " "Books, 2015), 42." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1188 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1192 msgid "" "The market itself has taken an interest in the sharing economy, with " "businesses like Airbnb providing a peer-to-peer marketplace for short-term " @@ -1594,8 +1608,8 @@ msgid "" "market, making them less like a commons and more like a traditional business " "seeking financial gain. Much of the sharing economy is not about the commons " "or building an alternative to a corporate-driven market economy; it’s about " -"extending the deregulated free market into new areas of our " -"lives.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> While none of the people we " +"extending the deregulated free market into new areas of our lives." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> While none of the people we " "interviewed for our case studies would describe themselves as part of the " "sharing economy, there are in fact some significant parallels. Both the " "sharing economy and the commons make better use of asset capacity. The " @@ -1605,7 +1619,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1220 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1224 msgid "" "Chris Anderson, Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by Giving " "Something for Nothing, Reprint with new preface. (New York: Hyperion, " @@ -1613,21 +1627,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1210 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1214 msgid "" "One way Made with Creative Commons case studies differ from those of the " "sharing economy is their focus on digital resources. Digital resources " "function under different economic rules than physical ones. In a world where " -"prices always seem to go up, information technology is an " -"anomaly. Computer-processing power, storage, and bandwidth are all rapidly " -"increasing, but rather than costs going up, costs are coming down. Digital " -"technologies are getting faster, better, and cheaper. The cost of anything " -"built on these technologies will always go down until it is close to " -"zero.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"prices always seem to go up, information technology is an anomaly. Computer-" +"processing power, storage, and bandwidth are all rapidly increasing, but " +"rather than costs going up, costs are coming down. Digital technologies are " +"getting faster, better, and cheaper. The cost of anything built on these " +"technologies will always go down until it is close to zero.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1226 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1230 msgid "" "Those that are Made with Creative Commons are looking to leverage the unique " "inherent characteristics of digital resources, including lowering costs. The " @@ -1642,7 +1656,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1245 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1249 msgid "" "Jeremy Rifkin, The Zero Marginal Cost Society: The Internet of Things, the " "Collaborative Commons, and the Eclipse of Capitalism (New York: Palgrave " @@ -1650,19 +1664,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1240 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1244 msgid "" "The incremental cost of storing, copying, and distributing digital goods is " "next to zero, making abundance possible. But imagining a market based on " "abundance rather than scarcity is so alien to the way we conceive of " -"economic theory and practice that we struggle to do so.<placeholder " -"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Those that are Made with Creative Commons are " -"each pioneering in this new landscape, devising their own economic models " -"and practice." +"economic theory and practice that we struggle to do so.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Those that are Made with Creative Commons are each " +"pioneering in this new landscape, devising their own economic models and " +"practice." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1253 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1257 msgid "" "Some are looking to minimize their interactions with the market and operate " "as autonomously as possible. Others are operating largely as a business " @@ -1671,7 +1685,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1267 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1271 msgid "" "Gar Alperovitz, What Then Must We Do? Straight Talk about the Next American " "Revolution: Democratizing Wealth and Building a Community-Sustaining Economy " @@ -1679,15 +1693,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1276 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1280 msgid "" "Marjorie Kelly, Owning Our Future: The Emerging Ownership Revolution; " -"Journeys to a Generative Economy (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2012), " -"8–9." +"Journeys to a Generative Economy (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2012), 8–9." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1260 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1264 msgid "" "For an ordinary corporation, making social benefit a part of its operations " "is difficult, as it’s legally required to make decisions that financially " @@ -1702,102 +1715,103 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1289 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1292 msgid "" "Alex Osterwalder and Yves Pigneur, Business Model Generation (Hoboken, NJ: " -"John Wiley and Sons, 2010). A preview of the book is available at <ulink " -"url=\"http://strategyzer.com/books/business-model-generation\"/>." +"John Wiley and Sons, 2010). A preview of the book is available at <ulink url=" +"\"http://strategyzer.com/books/business-model-generation\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1282 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1285 msgid "" -"“A book on open business models” is how we described it in this book’s " -"Kickstarter campaign. We used a handbook called Business Model Generation as " -"our reference for defining just what a business model is. Developed over " -"nine years using an “open process” involving 470 coauthors from forty-five " -"countries, it is useful as a framework for talking about business " -"models.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"<quote>A book on open business models</quote> is how we described it in this " +"book’s Kickstarter campaign. We used a handbook called Business Model " +"Generation as our reference for defining just what a business model is. " +"Developed over nine years using an <quote>open process</quote> involving 470 " +"coauthors from forty-five countries, it is useful as a framework for talking " +"about business models.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1298 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1302 msgid "" -"This business model canvas is available to download at <ulink " -"url=\"http://strategyzer.com/canvas/business-model-canvas\"/>." +"This business model canvas is available to download at <ulink url=\"http://" +"strategyzer.com/canvas/business-model-canvas\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1306 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1310 msgid "" -"We’ve made the “Open Business Model Canvas,” designed by the coauthor Paul " -"Stacey, available online at <ulink " -"url=\"http://docs.google.com/drawings/d/1QOIDa2qak7wZSSOa4Wv6qVMO77IwkKHN7CYyq0wHivs/edit\"/>. " -"You can also find the accompanying Open Business Model Canvas Questions at " -"<ulink " -"url=\"http://docs.google.com/drawings/d/1kACK7TkoJgsM18HUWCbX9xuQ0Byna4plSVZXZGTtays/edit\"/>." +"We’ve made the <quote>Open Business Model Canvas,</quote> designed by the " +"coauthor Paul Stacey, available online at <ulink url=\"http://docs.google." +"com/drawings/d/1QOIDa2qak7wZSSOa4Wv6qVMO77IwkKHN7CYyq0wHivs/edit\"/>. You " +"can also find the accompanying Open Business Model Canvas Questions at " +"<ulink url=\"http://docs.google.com/drawings/" +"d/1kACK7TkoJgsM18HUWCbX9xuQ0Byna4plSVZXZGTtays/edit\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1296 -msgid "" -"It contains a “business model canvas,” which conceives of a business model " -"as having nine building blocks.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> " -"This blank canvas can serve as a tool for anyone to design their own " -"business model. We remixed this business model canvas into an open business " -"model canvas, adding three more building blocks relevant to hybrid market, " -"commons enterprises: social good, Creative Commons license, and “type of " -"open environment that the business fits in.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " -"id=\"1\"/> This enhanced canvas proved useful when we analyzed businesses " -"and helped start-ups plan their economic model." +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1299 +msgid "" +"It contains a <quote>business model canvas,</quote> which conceives of a " +"business model as having nine building blocks.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " +"id=\"0\"/> This blank canvas can serve as a tool for anyone to design their " +"own business model. We remixed this business model canvas into an open " +"business model canvas, adding three more building blocks relevant to hybrid " +"market, commons enterprises: social good, Creative Commons license, and " +"<quote>type of open environment that the business fits in.</" +"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> This enhanced canvas proved " +"useful when we analyzed businesses and helped start-ups plan their economic " +"model." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1316 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1320 msgid "" "In our case study interviews, many expressed discomfort over describing " "themselves as an open business model—the term business model suggested " -"primarily being situated in the market. Where you sit on the " -"commons-to-market spectrum affects the extent to which you see yourself as a " -"business in the market. The more central to the mission shared resources " -"and commons values are, the less comfort there is in describing yourself, or " -"depicting what you do, as a business. Not all who have endeavors Made with " -"Creative Commons use business speak; for some the process has been " -"experimental, emergent, and organic rather than carefully planned using a " -"predefined model." +"primarily being situated in the market. Where you sit on the commons-to-" +"market spectrum affects the extent to which you see yourself as a business " +"in the market. The more central to the mission shared resources and commons " +"values are, the less comfort there is in describing yourself, or depicting " +"what you do, as a business. Not all who have endeavors Made with Creative " +"Commons use business speak; for some the process has been experimental, " +"emergent, and organic rather than carefully planned using a predefined model." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1337 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1342 msgid "" "A more comprehensive list of revenue streams is available in this post I " -"wrote on Medium on March 6, 2016. “What Is an Open Business Model and How " -"Can You Generate Revenue?”, available at <ulink " -"url=\"http://medium.com/made-with-creative-commons/what-is-an-open-business-model-and-how-can-you-generate-revenue-5854d2659b15\"/>." +"wrote on Medium on March 6, 2016. <quote>What Is an Open Business Model and " +"How Can You Generate Revenue?</quote>, available at <ulink url=\"http://" +"medium.com/made-with-creative-commons/what-is-an-open-business-model-and-how-" +"can-you-generate-revenue-5854d2659b15\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1329 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1333 msgid "" "The creators, businesses, and organizations we profile all engage with the " "market to generate revenue in some way. The ways in which this is done vary " -"widely. Donations, pay what you can, memberships, “digital for free but " -"physical for a fee,” crowdfunding, matchmaking, value-add services, patrons " -". . . the list goes on and on. (Initial description of how to earn revenue " -"available through reference note. For latest thinking see How to Bring In " -"Money in the next section.)<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> There " -"is no single magic bullet, and each endeavor has devised ways that work for " -"them. Most make use of more than one way. Diversifying revenue streams " -"lowers risk and provides multiple paths to sustainability." +"widely. Donations, pay what you can, memberships, <quote>digital for free " +"but physical for a fee,</quote> crowdfunding, matchmaking, value-add " +"services, patrons . . . the list goes on and on. (Initial description of how " +"to earn revenue available through reference note. For latest thinking see " +"How to Bring In Money in the next section.)<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" +"\"0\"/> There is no single magic bullet, and each endeavor has devised ways " +"that work for them. Most make use of more than one way. Diversifying revenue " +"streams lowers risk and provides multiple paths to sustainability." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1349 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1354 msgid "Benefits of the Digital Commons" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1351 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1356 msgid "" "While it may be clear why commons-based organizations want to interact and " "engage with the market (they need money to survive), it may be less obvious " @@ -1806,7 +1820,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1357 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1362 msgid "" "The commons speeds dissemination. The free flow of resources in the commons " "offers tremendous economies of scale. Distribution is decentralized, with " @@ -1816,21 +1830,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1366 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1371 msgid "" "The commons ensures access to all. The market has traditionally operated by " -"putting resources behind a paywall requiring payment first before " -"access. The commons puts resources in the open, providing access up front " -"without payment. Those that are Made with Creative Commons make little or no " -"use of digital rights management (DRM) to manage resources. Not using DRM " -"frees them of the costs of acquiring DRM technology and staff resources to " -"engage in the punitive practices associated with restricting access. The way " -"the commons provides access to everyone levels the playing field and " -"promotes inclusiveness, equity, and fairness." +"putting resources behind a paywall requiring payment first before access. " +"The commons puts resources in the open, providing access up front without " +"payment. Those that are Made with Creative Commons make little or no use of " +"digital rights management (DRM) to manage resources. Not using DRM frees " +"them of the costs of acquiring DRM technology and staff resources to engage " +"in the punitive practices associated with restricting access. The way the " +"commons provides access to everyone levels the playing field and promotes " +"inclusiveness, equity, and fairness." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1379 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1384 msgid "" "The commons maximizes participation. Resources in the commons can be used " "and contributed to by everyone. Using the resources of others, contributing " @@ -1844,15 +1858,15 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1401 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1406 msgid "" "Henry Chesbrough, Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and " -"Profiting from Technology (Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2006), " -"31–44." +"Profiting from Technology (Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2006), 31–" +"44." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1392 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1397 msgid "" "The commons spurs innovation. Resources in the hands of more people who can " "use them leads to new ideas. The way commons resources can be modified, " @@ -1860,21 +1874,21 @@ msgid "" "original creator. Some endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons " "deliberately encourage users to take the resources being shared and innovate " "them. Doing so moves research and development (R&D) from being solely " -"inside the organization to being in the community.<placeholder " -"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Community-based innovation will keep an " -"organization or business on its toes. It must continue to contribute new " -"ideas, absorb and build on top of the innovations of others, and steward the " -"resources and the relationship with the community." +"inside the organization to being in the community.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Community-based innovation will keep an organization " +"or business on its toes. It must continue to contribute new ideas, absorb " +"and build on top of the innovations of others, and steward the resources and " +"the relationship with the community." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1410 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1415 msgid "" -"The commons boosts reach and impact. The digital commons is " -"global. Resources may be created for a local or regional need, but they go " -"far and wide generating a global impact. In the digital world, there are no " -"borders between countries. When you are Made with Creative Commons, you are " -"often local and global at the same time: Digital designs being globally " +"The commons boosts reach and impact. The digital commons is global. " +"Resources may be created for a local or regional need, but they go far and " +"wide generating a global impact. In the digital world, there are no borders " +"between countries. When you are Made with Creative Commons, you are often " +"local and global at the same time: Digital designs being globally " "distributed but made and manufactured locally. Digital books or music being " "globally distributed but readings and concerts performed locally. The " "digital commons magnifies impact by connecting creators to those who use and " @@ -1882,7 +1896,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1423 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1428 msgid "" "The commons is generative. Instead of extracting value, the commons adds " "value. Digitized resources persist without becoming depleted, and through " @@ -1897,7 +1911,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1437 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1442 msgid "" "The commons brings people together for a common cause. The commons vests " "people directly with the responsibility to manage the resources for the " @@ -1913,7 +1927,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1452 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1457 msgid "" "The benefits of the commons are many. When these benefits align with the " "goals of individuals, communities, businesses in the market, or state " @@ -1922,12 +1936,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1459 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1464 msgid "Our Case Studies" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1461 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1466 msgid "" "The creators, organizations, and businesses in our case studies operate as " "nonprofits, for-profits, and social enterprises. Regardless of legal " @@ -1940,7 +1954,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1473 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1478 msgid "" "The case studies are based on the narratives told to us by founders and key " "staff. Instead of solely using financials as the measure of success and " @@ -1950,7 +1964,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1481 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1486 msgid "" "Our case studies are diverse, ranging from publishing to education and " "manufacturing. All of the organizations, businesses, and creators in the " @@ -1962,7 +1976,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1491 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1496 msgid "" "They are creating new resources, or using the resources of others, or mixing " "existing resources together to make something new. They, and their audience, " @@ -1972,7 +1986,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1499 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1504 msgid "" "And as users of Creative Commons licenses, they are automatically part of a " "global community. The new digital commons is global. Those we profiled come " @@ -1981,7 +1995,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1506 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1511 msgid "" "Creative Commons licenses may express legal rules around the use of " "resources in a commons, but success in the commons requires more than " @@ -1989,14 +2003,14 @@ msgid "" "we heard in our interviews how success and sustainability are tied to a set " "of beliefs, values, and principles that underlie their actions: Give more " "than you take. Be open and inclusive. Add value. Make visible what you are " -"using from the commons, what you are adding, and what you are " -"monetizing. Maximize abundance. Give attribution. Express gratitude. Develop " -"trust; don’t exploit. Build relationship and community. Be " -"transparent. Defend the commons." +"using from the commons, what you are adding, and what you are monetizing. " +"Maximize abundance. Give attribution. Express gratitude. Develop trust; " +"don’t exploit. Build relationship and community. Be transparent. Defend the " +"commons." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1519 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1524 msgid "" "The new digital commons is here to stay. Made With Creative Commons case " "studies show how it’s possible to be part of this commons while still " @@ -2007,7 +2021,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1528 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1533 msgid "" "Enterprise use of Creative Commons has only just begun. The case studies in " "this book are merely starting points. Each is changing and evolving over " @@ -2018,17 +2032,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1539 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1544 msgid "How to Be Made with Creative Commons" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1541 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1546 msgid "Sarah Hinchliff Pearson" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1544 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1549 msgid "" "When we began this project in August 2015, we set out to write a book about " "business models that involve Creative Commons licenses in some significant " @@ -2041,12 +2055,11 @@ msgid "" "others. Many sit somewhere in between, both using and contributing creative " "work that’s shared with the public. Like all who use the licenses, these " "endeavors share their work—whether it’s open data or furniture designs—in a " -"way that enables the public not only to access it but also to make use of " -"it." +"way that enables the public not only to access it but also to make use of it." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1560 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1565 msgid "" "We analyzed the revenue models, customer segments, and value propositions of " "each endeavor. We searched for ways that putting their content under " @@ -2058,7 +2071,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1570 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1575 msgid "" "In fairly short order, we realized the book we set out to write was quite " "different from the one that was revealing itself in our interviews and " @@ -2066,19 +2079,18 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1575 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1580 msgid "" "It isn’t that we were wrong to think you can make money while using Creative " "Commons licenses. In many instances, CC can help make you more money. Nor " "were we wrong that there are business models out there that others who want " -"to use CC licensing as part of their livelihood or business could " -"replicate. What we didn’t realize was just how misguided it would be to " -"write a book about being Made with Creative Commons using only a business " -"lens." +"to use CC licensing as part of their livelihood or business could replicate. " +"What we didn’t realize was just how misguided it would be to write a book " +"about being Made with Creative Commons using only a business lens." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1587 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1593 msgid "" "Alex Osterwalder and Yves Pigneur, Business Model Generation (Hoboken, NJ: " "John Wiley and Sons, 2010), 14. A preview of the book is available at <ulink " @@ -2086,19 +2098,20 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1584 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1589 msgid "" "According to the seminal handbook Business Model Generation, a business " -"model “describes the rationale of how an organization creates, delivers, and " -"captures value.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Thinking about " -"sharing in terms of creating and capturing value always felt inappropriately " -"transactional and out of place, something we heard time and time again in " -"our interviews. And as Cory Doctorow told us in our interview with him, " -"“Business model can mean anything you want it to mean.”" +"model <quote>describes the rationale of how an organization creates, " +"delivers, and captures value.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/" +"> Thinking about sharing in terms of creating and capturing value always " +"felt inappropriately transactional and out of place, something we heard time " +"and time again in our interviews. And as Cory Doctorow told us in our " +"interview with him, <quote>Business model can mean anything you want it to " +"mean.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1598 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1605 msgid "" "Eventually, we got it. Being Made with Creative Commons is more than a " "business model. While we will talk about specific revenue models as one " @@ -2107,7 +2120,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1605 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1612 msgid "" "Admittedly, it took me a long time to get there. When Paul and I divided up " "our writing after finishing the research, my charge was to distill " @@ -2119,7 +2132,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1615 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1622 msgid "" "In every interview, we started from the same simple questions. Amid all the " "diversity among the creators, organizations, and businesses we profiled, " @@ -2132,7 +2145,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1627 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1634 msgid "" "But we also started to realize something about what it means to be Made with " "Creative Commons. When people talked to us about how and why they used CC, " @@ -2142,7 +2155,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1635 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1642 msgid "" "At one level, being Made with Creative Commons expresses an affinity for the " "value of Creative Commons. While there are many different flavors of CC " @@ -2157,21 +2170,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1649 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1656 msgid "" "Whether the public makes use of the opportunity to copy and adapt your work, " "sharing with a Creative Commons license is a symbol of how you want to " "interact with the people who consume your work. Whenever you create " -"something, “all rights reserved” under copyright is automatic, so the " -"copyright symbol (©) on the work does not necessarily come across as a " -"marker of distrust or excessive protectionism. But using a CC license can be " -"a symbol of the opposite—of wanting a real human relationship, rather than " -"an impersonal market transaction. It leaves open the possibility of " +"something, <quote>all rights reserved</quote> under copyright is automatic, " +"so the copyright symbol (©) on the work does not necessarily come across as " +"a marker of distrust or excessive protectionism. But using a CC license can " +"be a symbol of the opposite—of wanting a real human relationship, rather " +"than an impersonal market transaction. It leaves open the possibility of " "connection." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1661 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1668 msgid "" "Being Made with Creative Commons not only demonstrates values connected to " "CC and sharing. It also demonstrates that something other than profit drives " @@ -2181,29 +2194,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1674 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1681 msgid "" "Cory Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: Laws for the Internet " "Age (San Francisco, CA: McSweeney’s, 2014) 68." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1669 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1676 msgid "" "The driving motivation varies depending on the type of endeavor. For " "individual creators, it is most often about personal inspiration. In some " -"ways, this is nothing new. As Doctorow has written, “Creators usually start " -"doing what they do for love.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> But " -"when you share your creative work under a CC license, that dynamic is even " -"more pronounced. Similarly, for technological innovators, it is often less " -"about creating a specific new thing that will make you rich and more about " -"solving a specific problem you have. The creators of Arduino told us that " -"the key question when creating something is “Do you as the creator want to " -"use it? It has to have personal use and meaning.”" +"ways, this is nothing new. As Doctorow has written, <quote>Creators usually " +"start doing what they do for love.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" +"\"0\"/> But when you share your creative work under a CC license, that " +"dynamic is even more pronounced. Similarly, for technological innovators, it " +"is often less about creating a specific new thing that will make you rich " +"and more about solving a specific problem you have. The creators of Arduino " +"told us that the key question when creating something is <quote>Do you as " +"the creator want to use it? It has to have personal use and meaning.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1685 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1693 msgid "" "Many that are Made with Creative Commons have an express social mission that " "underpins everything they do. In many cases, sharing with Creative Commons " @@ -2215,7 +2228,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1695 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1703 msgid "" "This dynamic is probably one reason why there are so many nonprofit examples " "of being Made with Creative Commons. The content is the result of a labor of " @@ -2227,7 +2240,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1705 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1713 msgid "" "Even if profit isn’t the end goal, you have to bring in money to be " "successfully Made with Creative Commons. At a bare minimum, you have to make " @@ -2235,25 +2248,25 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1710 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1718 msgid "" "The costs of doing business vary widely for those made with CC, but there is " "generally a much lower threshold for sustainability than there used to be " "for any creative endeavor. Digital technology has made it easier than ever " "to create, and easier than ever to distribute. As Doctorow put it in his " -"book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, “If analog dollars have turned " -"into digital dimes (as the critics of ad-supported media have it), there is " -"the fact that it’s possible to run a business that gets the same amount of " -"advertising as its forebears at a fraction of the price.”" +"book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, <quote>If analog dollars have " +"turned into digital dimes (as the critics of ad-supported media have it), " +"there is the fact that it’s possible to run a business that gets the same " +"amount of advertising as its forebears at a fraction of the price.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1727 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1735 msgid "Ibid., 55." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1722 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1730 msgid "" "Some creation costs are the same as they always were. It takes the same " "amount of time and money to write a peer-reviewed journal article or paint a " @@ -2268,7 +2281,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1739 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1747 msgid "" "Chris Anderson, Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by Giving " "Something for Nothing, reprint with new preface (New York: Hyperion, 2010), " @@ -2276,59 +2289,59 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1736 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1744 msgid "" "Distributing content is almost universally cheaper than ever. Once content " -"is created, the costs to distribute copies digitally are essentially " -"zero.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> The costs to distribute " -"physical copies are still significant, but lower than they have been " -"historically. And it is now much easier to print and distribute physical " -"copies on-demand, which also reduces costs. Depending on the endeavor, there " -"can be a whole host of other possible expenses like marketing and promotion, " -"and even expenses associated with the various ways money is being made, like " -"touring or custom training." +"is created, the costs to distribute copies digitally are essentially zero." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> The costs to distribute physical " +"copies are still significant, but lower than they have been historically. " +"And it is now much easier to print and distribute physical copies on-demand, " +"which also reduces costs. Depending on the endeavor, there can be a whole " +"host of other possible expenses like marketing and promotion, and even " +"expenses associated with the various ways money is being made, like touring " +"or custom training." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1761 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1769 msgid "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 44." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1751 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1759 msgid "" "It’s important to recognize that the biggest impact of technology on " "creative endeavors is that creators can now foot the costs of creation and " "distribution themselves. People now often have a direct route to their " "potential public without necessarily needing intermediaries like record " -"labels and book publishers. Doctorow wrote, “If you’re a creator who never " -"got the time of day from one of the great imperial powers, this is your " -"time. Where once you had no means of reaching an audience without the " +"labels and book publishers. Doctorow wrote, <quote>If you’re a creator who " +"never got the time of day from one of the great imperial powers, this is " +"your time. Where once you had no means of reaching an audience without the " "assistance of the industry-dominating megacompanies, now you have hundreds " -"of ways to do it without them.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> " -"Previously, distribution of creative work involved the costs associated with " -"sustaining a monolithic entity, now creators can do the work " +"of ways to do it without them.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" +"\"0\"/> Previously, distribution of creative work involved the costs " +"associated with sustaining a monolithic entity, now creators can do the work " "themselves. That means the financial needs of creative endeavors can be a " "lot more modest." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1768 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1776 msgid "" "Whether for an individual creator or a larger endeavor, it usually isn’t " "enough to break even if you want to make what you’re doing a livelihood. You " "need to build in some support for the general operation. This extra bit " "looks different for everyone, but importantly, in nearly all cases for those " -"Made with Creative Commons, the definition of “enough money” looks a lot " -"different than it does in the world of venture capital and stock options. It " -"is more about sustainability and less about unlimited growth and " -"profit. SparkFun founder Nathan Seidle told us, “Business model is a really " -"grandiose word for it. It is really just about keeping the operation going " -"day to day.”" +"Made with Creative Commons, the definition of <quote>enough money</quote> " +"looks a lot different than it does in the world of venture capital and stock " +"options. It is more about sustainability and less about unlimited growth and " +"profit. SparkFun founder Nathan Seidle told us, <quote>Business model is a " +"really grandiose word for it. It is really just about keeping the operation " +"going day to day.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1781 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1789 msgid "" "This book is a testament to the notion that it is possible to make money " "while using CC licenses and CC-licensed content, but we are still very much " @@ -2338,96 +2351,98 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1789 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1797 msgid "" "There are, however, plenty of ways in which CC licensing can be good for " "business in fairly predictable ways. The first is how it helps solve " -"“problem zero.”" +"<quote>problem zero.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1794 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1802 msgid "Problem Zero: Getting Discovered" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1801 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1809 msgid "" "Amanda Palmer, The Art of Asking: Or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Let " "People Help (New York: Grand Central, 2014), 121." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1815 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1824 msgid "" "Chris Anderson, Makers: The New Industrial Revolution (New York: Signal, " "2012), 64." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1796 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1804 msgid "" "Once you create or collect your content, the next step is finding users, " -"customers, fans—in other words, your people. As Amanda Palmer wrote, “It has " -"to start with the art. The songs had to touch people initially, and mean " -"something, for anything to work at all.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " -"id=\"0\"/> There isn’t any magic to finding your people, and there is " -"certainly no formula. Your work has to connect with people and offer them " -"some artistic and/or utilitarian value. In some ways, this is easier than " -"ever. Online we are not limited by shelf space, so there is room for every " -"obscure interest, taste, and need imaginable. This is what Chris Anderson " -"dubbed the Long Tail, where consumption becomes less about mainstream mass " -"“hits” and more about micromarkets for every particular niche. As Anderson " -"wrote, “We are all different, with different wants and needs, and the " -"Internet now has a place for all of them in the way that physical markets " -"did not.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> We are no longer limited " -"to what appeals to the masses." +"customers, fans—in other words, your people. As Amanda Palmer wrote, " +"<quote>It has to start with the art. The songs had to touch people " +"initially, and mean something, for anything to work at all.</" +"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> There isn’t any magic to " +"finding your people, and there is certainly no formula. Your work has to " +"connect with people and offer them some artistic and/or utilitarian value. " +"In some ways, this is easier than ever. Online we are not limited by shelf " +"space, so there is room for every obscure interest, taste, and need " +"imaginable. This is what Chris Anderson dubbed the Long Tail, where " +"consumption becomes less about mainstream mass <quote>hits</quote> and more " +"about micromarkets for every particular niche. As Anderson wrote, <quote>We " +"are all different, with different wants and needs, and the Internet now has " +"a place for all of them in the way that physical markets did not.</" +"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> We are no longer limited to " +"what appeals to the masses." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1828 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1838 msgid "" "David Bollier, Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of " "the Commons (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014), 70." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1834 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1845 msgid "Anderson, Makers, 66." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1838 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1850 msgid "" "Bryan Kramer, Shareology: How Sharing Is Powering the Human Economy (New " "York: Morgan James, 2016), 10." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1821 -msgid "" -"While finding “your people” online is theoretically easier than in the " -"analog world, as a practical matter it can still be difficult to actually " -"get noticed. The Internet is a firehose of content, one that only grows " -"larger by the minute. As a content creator, not only are you competing for " -"attention against more content creators than ever before, you are competing " -"against creativity generated outside the market as well.<placeholder " -"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Anderson wrote, “The greatest change of the " -"past decade has been the shift in time people spend consuming amateur " -"content instead of professional content.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " -"id=\"1\"/> To top it all off, you have to compete against the rest of their " -"lives, too—“friends, family, music playlists, soccer games, and nights on " -"the town.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"2\"/> Somehow, some way, you " -"have to get noticed by the right people." +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1830 +msgid "" +"While finding <quote>your people</quote> online is theoretically easier than " +"in the analog world, as a practical matter it can still be difficult to " +"actually get noticed. The Internet is a firehose of content, one that only " +"grows larger by the minute. As a content creator, not only are you " +"competing for attention against more content creators than ever before, you " +"are competing against creativity generated outside the market as well." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Anderson wrote, <quote>The " +"greatest change of the past decade has been the shift in time people spend " +"consuming amateur content instead of professional content.</" +"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> To top it all off, you have " +"to compete against the rest of their lives, too—<quote>friends, family, " +"music playlists, soccer games, and nights on the town.</quote><placeholder " +"type=\"footnote\" id=\"2\"/> Somehow, some way, you have to get noticed by " +"the right people." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1852 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1864 msgid "Anderson, Free, 62." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1844 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1856 msgid "" "When you come to the Internet armed with an all-rights-reserved mentality " "from the start, you are often restricting access to your work before there " @@ -2439,26 +2454,26 @@ msgid "" "to charge money for your content. It simply means you need to recognize the " "effect that doing so will have on demand. The same principle applies to " "restricting access to copy the work. If your problem is how to get " -"discovered and find “your people,” prohibiting people from copying your work " -"and sharing it with others is counterproductive." +"discovered and find <quote>your people,</quote> prohibiting people from " +"copying your work and sharing it with others is counterproductive." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1866 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1878 msgid "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 38." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1862 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1874 msgid "" "Of course, it’s not that being discovered by people who like your work will " -"make you rich—far from it. But as Cory Doctorow says, “Recognition is one of " -"many necessary preconditions for artistic success.”<placeholder " -"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"make you rich—far from it. But as Cory Doctorow says, <quote>Recognition is " +"one of many necessary preconditions for artistic success.</" +"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1870 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1882 msgid "" "Choosing not to spend time and energy restricting access to your work and " "policing infringement also builds goodwill. Lumen Learning, a for-profit " @@ -2471,23 +2486,23 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1887 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1900 msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 68." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1881 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1893 msgid "" "It is not just that restricting access to your work may undermine your " "social mission. It also may alienate the people who most value your creative " "work. If people like your work, their natural instinct will be to share it " -"with others. But as David Bollier wrote, “Our natural human impulses to " -"imitate and share—the essence of culture—have been " -"criminalized.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"with others. But as David Bollier wrote, <quote>Our natural human impulses " +"to imitate and share—the essence of culture—have been criminalized.</" +"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1891 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1904 msgid "" "The fact that copying can carry criminal penalties undoubtedly deters " "copying it, but copying with the click of a button is too easy and " @@ -2498,51 +2513,51 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1900 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1913 msgid "" "If you take some amount of copying and sharing your work as a given, you can " "invest your time and resources elsewhere, rather than wasting them on " "playing a cat and mouse game with people who want to copy and share your " -"work. Lizzy Jongma from the Rijksmuseum said, “We could spend a lot of money " -"trying to protect works, but people are going to do it anyway. And they will " -"use bad-quality versions.” Instead, they started releasing high-resolution " -"digital copies of their collection into the public domain and making them " -"available for free on their website. For them, sharing was a form of quality " -"control over the copies that were inevitably being shared online. Doing this " -"meant forgoing the revenue they previously got from selling digital " -"images. But Lizzy says that was a small price to pay for all of the " -"opportunities that sharing unlocked for them." +"work. Lizzy Jongma from the Rijksmuseum said, <quote>We could spend a lot of " +"money trying to protect works, but people are going to do it anyway. And " +"they will use bad-quality versions.</quote> Instead, they started releasing " +"high-resolution digital copies of their collection into the public domain " +"and making them available for free on their website. For them, sharing was a " +"form of quality control over the copies that were inevitably being shared " +"online. Doing this meant forgoing the revenue they previously got from " +"selling digital images. But Lizzy says that was a small price to pay for all " +"of the opportunities that sharing unlocked for them." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1920 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1933 msgid "Anderson, Free, 86." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1916 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1929 msgid "" "Being Made with Creative Commons means you stop thinking about ways to " "artificially make your content scarce, and instead leverage it as the " -"potentially abundant resource it is.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " -"id=\"0\"/> When you see information abundance as a feature, not a bug, you " -"start thinking about the ways to use the idling capacity of your content to " -"your advantage. As my friend and colleague Eric Steuer once said, “Using CC " -"licenses shows you get the Internet.”" +"potentially abundant resource it is.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/" +"> When you see information abundance as a feature, not a bug, you start " +"thinking about the ways to use the idling capacity of your content to your " +"advantage. As my friend and colleague Eric Steuer once said, <quote>Using CC " +"licenses shows you get the Internet.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1931 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1944 msgid "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 144." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1928 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1941 msgid "" "Cory Doctorow says it costs him nothing when other people make copies of his " -"work, and it opens the possibility that he might get something in " -"return.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Similarly, the makers of " -"the Arduino boards knew it was impossible to stop people from copying their " +"work, and it opens the possibility that he might get something in return." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Similarly, the makers of the " +"Arduino boards knew it was impossible to stop people from copying their " "hardware, so they decided not to even try and instead look for the benefits " "of being open. For them, the result is one of the most ubiquitous pieces of " "hardware in the world, with a thriving online community of tinkerers and " @@ -2551,19 +2566,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1941 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1954 msgid "" "There are all kinds of way to leverage the power of sharing and remix to " "your benefit. Here are a few." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1945 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1958 msgid "Use CC to grow a larger audience" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1947 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1960 msgid "" "Putting a Creative Commons license on your content won’t make it " "automatically go viral, but eliminating legal barriers to copying the work " @@ -2572,112 +2587,111 @@ msgid "" "the shoulder to those who come across the work—a nudge to copy the work if " "they have any inkling of doing so. All things being equal, if one piece of " "content has a sign that says Share and the other says Don’t Share (which is " -"what “©” means), which do you think people are more likely to share?" +"what <quote>©</quote> means), which do you think people are more likely to " +"share?" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1959 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1972 msgid "" "The Conversation is an online news site with in-depth articles written by " -"academics who are experts on particular topics. All of the articles are " -"CC-licensed, and they are copied and reshared on other sites by design. This " +"academics who are experts on particular topics. All of the articles are CC-" +"licensed, and they are copied and reshared on other sites by design. This " "proliferating effect, which they track, is a central part of the value to " "their academic authors who want to reach as many readers as possible." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1975 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1989 msgid "Anderson, Free, 123." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1968 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1981 msgid "" "The idea that more eyeballs equates with more success is a form of the max " "strategy, adopted by Google and other technology companies. According to " -"Google’s Eric Schmidt, the idea is simple: “Take whatever it is you are " -"doing and do it at the max in terms of distribution. The other way of saying " -"this is that since marginal cost of distribution is free, you might as well " -"put things everywhere.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> This " -"strategy is what often motivates companies to make their products and " -"services free (i.e., no cost), but the same logic applies to making content " -"freely shareable. Because CC-licensed content is free (as in cost) and can " -"be freely copied, CC licensing makes it even more accessible and likely to " -"spread." +"Google’s Eric Schmidt, the idea is simple: <quote>Take whatever it is you " +"are doing and do it at the max in terms of distribution. The other way of " +"saying this is that since marginal cost of distribution is free, you might " +"as well put things everywhere.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" +"\"0\"/> This strategy is what often motivates companies to make their " +"products and services free (i.e., no cost), but the same logic applies to " +"making content freely shareable. Because CC-licensed content is free (as in " +"cost) and can be freely copied, CC licensing makes it even more accessible " +"and likely to spread." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1989 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2003 msgid "Ibid., 132." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1994 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2008 msgid "Ibid., 70." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1984 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1998 msgid "" "If you are successful in reaching more users, readers, listeners, or other " -"consumers of your work, you can start to benefit from the bandwagon " -"effect. The simple fact that there are other people consuming or following " -"your work spurs others to want to do the same.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " -"id=\"0\"/> This is, in part, because we simply have a tendency to engage in " -"herd behavior, but it is also because a large following is at least a " -"partial indicator of quality or usefulness.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " -"id=\"1\"/>" +"consumers of your work, you can start to benefit from the bandwagon effect. " +"The simple fact that there are other people consuming or following your work " +"spurs others to want to do the same.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/" +"> This is, in part, because we simply have a tendency to engage in herd " +"behavior, but it is also because a large following is at least a partial " +"indicator of quality or usefulness.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1999 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2013 msgid "Use CC to get attribution and name recognition" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2013 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2027 msgid "" -"James Surowiecki, The Wisdom of Crowds (New York: Anchor Books, 2005), " -"124. Surowiecki says, “The measure of success of laws and contracts is how " -"rarely they are invoked.”" +"James Surowiecki, The Wisdom of Crowds (New York: Anchor Books, 2005), 124. " +"Surowiecki says, <quote>The measure of success of laws and contracts is how " +"rarely they are invoked.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2001 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2015 msgid "" "Every Creative Commons license requires that credit be given to the author, " -"and that reusers supply a link back to the original source of the " -"material. CC0, not a license but a tool used to put work in the public " -"domain, does not make attribution a legal requirement, but many communities " -"still give credit as a matter of best practices and social norms. In fact, " -"it is social norms, rather than the threat of legal enforcement, that most " -"often motivate people to provide attribution and otherwise comply with the " -"CC license terms anyway. This is the mark of any well-functioning community, " -"within both the marketplace and the society at large.<placeholder " -"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> CC licenses reflect a set of wishes on the part " -"of creators, and in the vast majority of circumstances, people are naturally " -"inclined to follow those wishes. This is particularly the case for something " -"as straightforward and consistent with basic notions of fairness as " -"providing credit." +"and that reusers supply a link back to the original source of the material. " +"CC0, not a license but a tool used to put work in the public domain, does " +"not make attribution a legal requirement, but many communities still give " +"credit as a matter of best practices and social norms. In fact, it is social " +"norms, rather than the threat of legal enforcement, that most often motivate " +"people to provide attribution and otherwise comply with the CC license terms " +"anyway. This is the mark of any well-functioning community, within both the " +"marketplace and the society at large.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/" +"> CC licenses reflect a set of wishes on the part of creators, and in the " +"vast majority of circumstances, people are naturally inclined to follow " +"those wishes. This is particularly the case for something as straightforward " +"and consistent with basic notions of fairness as providing credit." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2024 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2038 msgid "" "The fact that the name of the creator follows a CC-licensed work makes the " "licenses an important means to develop a reputation or, in corporate speak, " "a brand. The drive to associate your name with your work is not just based " "on commercial motivations, it is fundamental to authorship. Knowledge " -"Unlatched is a nonprofit that helps to subsidize the print production of " -"CC-licensed academic texts by pooling contributions from libraries around " -"the United States. The CEO, Frances Pinter, says that the Creative Commons " +"Unlatched is a nonprofit that helps to subsidize the print production of CC-" +"licensed academic texts by pooling contributions from libraries around the " +"United States. The CEO, Frances Pinter, says that the Creative Commons " "license on the works has a huge value to authors because reputation is the " "most important currency for academics. Sharing with CC is a way of having " "the most people see and cite your work." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2038 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2052 msgid "" "Attribution can be about more than just receiving credit. It can also be " "about establishing provenance. People naturally want to know where content " @@ -2692,23 +2706,23 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2053 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2067 msgid "" -"Knowing the source of a work is also critical to ensuring its " -"credibility. Just as a trademark is designed to give consumers a way to " -"identify the source and quality of a particular good and service, knowing " -"the author of a work gives the public a way to assess its credibility. In a " -"time when online discourse is plagued with misinformation, being a trusted " -"information source is more valuable than ever." +"Knowing the source of a work is also critical to ensuring its credibility. " +"Just as a trademark is designed to give consumers a way to identify the " +"source and quality of a particular good and service, knowing the author of a " +"work gives the public a way to assess its credibility. In a time when online " +"discourse is plagued with misinformation, being a trusted information source " +"is more valuable than ever." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2063 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2077 msgid "Use CC-licensed content as a marketing tool" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2065 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2079 msgid "" "As we will cover in more detail later, many endeavors that are Made with " "Creative Commons make money by providing a product or service other than the " @@ -2719,12 +2733,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2087 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2101 msgid "Anderson, Free, 44." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2074 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2088 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched’s Pinter told us she has seen time and again how " "offering CC-licensed content—that is, digitally for free—actually increases " @@ -2733,15 +2747,15 @@ msgid "" "most recognizable painting on the planet. Its ubiquity has the effect of " "catalyzing interest in seeing the painting in person, and in owning physical " "goods with the image. Abundant copies of the content often entice more " -"demand, not blunt it. Another example came with the advent of the " -"radio. Although the music industry did not see it coming (and fought it!), " -"free music on the radio functioned as advertising for the paid version " -"people bought in music stores.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Free " -"can be a form of promotion." +"demand, not blunt it. Another example came with the advent of the radio. " +"Although the music industry did not see it coming (and fought it!), free " +"music on the radio functioned as advertising for the paid version people " +"bought in music stores.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Free can be " +"a form of promotion." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2091 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2105 msgid "" "In some cases, endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons do not even " "need dedicated marketing teams or marketing budgets. Cards Against Humanity " @@ -2758,12 +2772,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2108 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2122 msgid "Use CC to enable hands-on engagement with your work" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2111 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2125 msgid "" "The great promise of Creative Commons licensing is that it signifies an " "embrace of remix culture. Indeed, this is the great promise of digital " @@ -2772,92 +2786,92 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2125 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2139 msgid "Osterwalder and Pigneur, Business Model Generation, 23." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2118 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2132 msgid "" "Four of the six CC licenses enable reusers to take apart, build upon, or " "otherwise adapt the work. Depending on the context, adaptation can mean " "wildly different things—translating, updating, localizing, improving, " "transforming. It enables a work to be customized for particular needs, uses, " -"people, and communities, which is another distinct value to offer the " -"public.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Adaptation is more game " -"changing in some contexts than others. With educational materials, the " -"ability to customize and update the content is critically important for its " -"usefulness. For photography, the ability to adapt a photo is less important." +"people, and communities, which is another distinct value to offer the public." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Adaptation is more game changing " +"in some contexts than others. With educational materials, the ability to " +"customize and update the content is critically important for its usefulness. " +"For photography, the ability to adapt a photo is less important." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2138 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2152 msgid "Anderson, Free, 67." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2143 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2157 msgid "Ibid., 58." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2146 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2160 msgid "Anderson, Makers, 71." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2151 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2165 msgid "" "Clay Shirky, Cognitive Surplus: How Technology Makes Consumers into " "Collaborators (London: Penguin Books, 2010), 78." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2133 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2147 msgid "" "This is a way to counteract a potential downside of the abundance of free " -"and open content described above. As Anderson wrote in Free, “People often " -"don’t care as much about things they don’t pay for, and as a result they " -"don’t think as much about how they consume them.”<placeholder " +"and open content described above. As Anderson wrote in Free, <quote>People " +"often don’t care as much about things they don’t pay for, and as a result " +"they don’t think as much about how they consume them.</quote><placeholder " "type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> If even the tiny act of volition of paying one " "penny for something changes our perception of that thing, then surely the " -"act of remixing it enhances our perception exponentially.<placeholder " -"type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> We know that people will pay more for products " -"they had a part in creating.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"2\"/> And we " -"know that creating something, no matter what quality, brings with it a type " -"of creative satisfaction that can never be replaced by consuming something " +"act of remixing it enhances our perception exponentially.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> We know that people will pay more for products they " +"had a part in creating.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"2\"/> And we know " +"that creating something, no matter what quality, brings with it a type of " +"creative satisfaction that can never be replaced by consuming something " "created by someone else.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"3\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2164 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2178 msgid "Ibid., 21." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2157 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2171 msgid "" "Actively engaging with the content helps us avoid the type of aimless " -"consumption that anyone who has absentmindedly scrolled through their " -"social-media feeds for an hour knows all too well. In his book, Cognitive " -"Surplus, Clay Shirky says, “To participate is to act as if your presence " +"consumption that anyone who has absentmindedly scrolled through their social-" +"media feeds for an hour knows all too well. In his book, Cognitive Surplus, " +"Clay Shirky says, <quote>To participate is to act as if your presence " "matters, as if, when you see something or hear something, your response is " -"part of the event.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Opening the " -"door to your content can get people more deeply tied to your work." +"part of the event.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Opening " +"the door to your content can get people more deeply tied to your work." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2170 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2184 msgid "Use CC to differentiate yourself" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2179 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2193 msgid "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 43." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2172 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2186 msgid "" "Operating under a traditional copyright regime usually means operating under " "the rules of establishment players in the media. Business strategies that " @@ -2867,61 +2881,62 @@ msgid "" "type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Being Made with Creative Commons means you can " "function without those barriers and, in many cases, use the increased " "openness as a competitive advantage. David Harris from OpenStax said they " -"specifically pursue strategies they know that traditional publishers " -"cannot. “Don’t go into a market and play by the incumbent rules,” David " -"said. “Change the rules of engagement.”" +"specifically pursue strategies they know that traditional publishers cannot. " +"<quote>Don’t go into a market and play by the incumbent rules,</quote> David " +"said. <quote>Change the rules of engagement.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2191 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2205 msgid "Making Money" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2201 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2215 msgid "" -"William Landes Foster, Peter Kim, and Barbara Christiansen, “Ten Nonprofit " -"Funding Models,” Stanford Social Innovation Review, Spring 2009, <ulink " -"url=\"http://ssir.org/articles/entry/ten_nonprofit_funding_models\"/>." +"William Landes Foster, Peter Kim, and Barbara Christiansen, <quote>Ten " +"Nonprofit Funding Models,</quote> Stanford Social Innovation Review, Spring " +"2009, <ulink url=\"http://ssir.org/articles/entry/" +"ten_nonprofit_funding_models\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2193 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2207 msgid "" "Like any moneymaking endeavor, those that are Made with Creative Commons " -"have to generate some type of value for their audience or " -"customers. Sometimes that value is subsidized by funders who are not " -"actually beneficiaries of that value. Funders, whether philanthropic " -"institutions, governments, or concerned individuals, provide money to the " -"organization out of a sense of pure altruism. This is the way traditional " -"nonprofit funding operates.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> But in " -"many cases, the revenue streams used by endeavors that are Made with " -"Creative Commons are directly tied to the value they generate, where the " -"recipient is paying for the value they receive like any standard market " -"transaction. In still other cases, rather than the quid pro quo exchange of " -"money for value that typically drives market transactions, the recipient " -"gives money out of a sense of reciprocity." +"have to generate some type of value for their audience or customers. " +"Sometimes that value is subsidized by funders who are not actually " +"beneficiaries of that value. Funders, whether philanthropic institutions, " +"governments, or concerned individuals, provide money to the organization out " +"of a sense of pure altruism. This is the way traditional nonprofit funding " +"operates.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> But in many cases, the " +"revenue streams used by endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons are " +"directly tied to the value they generate, where the recipient is paying for " +"the value they receive like any standard market transaction. In still other " +"cases, rather than the quid pro quo exchange of money for value that " +"typically drives market transactions, the recipient gives money out of a " +"sense of reciprocity." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2222 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2236 msgid "Shirky, Cognitive Surplus, 111." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2214 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2228 msgid "" "Most who are Made with Creative Commons use a variety of methods to bring in " "revenue, some market-based and some not. One common strategy is using grant " "funding for content creation when research-and-development costs are " "particularly high, and then finding a different revenue stream (or streams) " -"for ongoing expenses. As Shirky wrote, “The trick is in knowing when markets " -"are an optimal way of organizing interactions and when they are " -"not.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"for ongoing expenses. As Shirky wrote, <quote>The trick is in knowing when " +"markets are an optimal way of organizing interactions and when they are not." +"</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2226 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2240 msgid "" "Our case studies explore in more detail the various revenue-generating " "mechanisms used by the creators, organizations, and businesses we " @@ -2932,41 +2947,41 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2235 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2249 msgid "Market-based revenue streams" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2240 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2254 msgid "Osterwalder and Pigneur, Business Model Generation, 30." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2247 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2261 msgid "" "Jim Whitehurst, The Open Organization: Igniting Passion and Performance " "(Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2015), 202." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2237 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2251 msgid "" "In the market, the central question when determining how to bring in revenue " "is what value people are willing to pay for.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " "id=\"0\"/> By definition, if you are Made with Creative Commons, the content " "you provide is available for free and not a market commodity. Like the " "ubiquitous freemium business model, any possible market transaction with a " -"consumer of your content has to be based on some added value you " -"provide.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" +"consumer of your content has to be based on some added value you provide." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2263 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2277 msgid "Anderson, Free, 71." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2253 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2267 msgid "" "In many ways, this is the way of the future for all content-driven " "endeavors. In the market, value lives in things that are scarce. Because the " @@ -2978,31 +2993,32 @@ msgid "" "or not.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> If people can easily find " "your content for free, getting people to buy it will be difficult, " "particularly in a context where access to content is more important than " -"owning it. In Free, Anderson wrote, “Copyright protection schemes, whether " -"coded into either law or software, are simply holding up a price against the " -"force of gravity.”" +"owning it. In Free, Anderson wrote, <quote>Copyright protection schemes, " +"whether coded into either law or software, are simply holding up a price " +"against the force of gravity.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2282 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2296 msgid "Ibid., 231." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2272 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2286 msgid "" "Of course, this doesn’t mean that content-driven endeavors have no future in " "the traditional marketplace. In Free, Anderson explains how when one product " "or service becomes free, as information and content largely have in the " -"digital age, other things become more valuable. “Every abundance creates a " -"new scarcity,” he wrote. You just have to find some way other than the " -"content to provide value to your audience or customers. As Anderson says, " -"“It’s easy to compete with Free: simply offer something better or at least " -"different from the free version.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"digital age, other things become more valuable. <quote>Every abundance " +"creates a new scarcity,</quote> he wrote. You just have to find some way " +"other than the content to provide value to your audience or customers. As " +"Anderson says, <quote>It’s easy to compete with Free: simply offer something " +"better or at least different from the free version.</quote><placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2286 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2300 msgid "" "In light of this reality, in some ways endeavors that are Made with Creative " "Commons are at a level playing field with all content-based endeavors in the " @@ -3013,7 +3029,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2295 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2309 msgid "" "For content creators and distributors, there are nearly infinite ways to " "provide value to the consumers of your work, above and beyond the value that " @@ -3022,93 +3038,92 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2302 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2316 msgid "Here are the most common high-level categories." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2306 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2320 msgid "" -"Providing a custom service to consumers of your work " -"<emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" +"Providing a custom service to consumers of your work <emphasis>[MARKET-" +"BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2316 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2330 msgid "Ibid., 97." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2309 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2323 msgid "" "In this age of information abundance, we don’t lack for content. The trick " "is finding content that matches our needs and wants, so customized services " -"are particularly valuable. As Anderson wrote, “Commodity information " +"are particularly valuable. As Anderson wrote, <quote>Commodity information " "(everybody gets the same version) wants to be free. Customized information " -"(you get something unique and meaningful to you) wants to be " -"expensive.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> This can be anything " -"from the artistic and cultural consulting services provided by Ártica to the " -"custom-song business of Jonathan “Song-A-Day” Mann." +"(you get something unique and meaningful to you) wants to be expensive.</" +"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> This can be anything from " +"the artistic and cultural consulting services provided by Ártica to the " +"custom-song business of Jonathan <quote>Song-A-Day</quote> Mann." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2323 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2338 msgid "Charging for the physical copy <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2330 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2345 msgid "Anderson, Makers, 107." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2326 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2341 msgid "" "In his book about maker culture, Anderson characterizes this model as giving " "away the bits and selling the atoms (where bits refers to digital content " -"and atoms refer to a physical object).<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " -"id=\"0\"/> This is particularly successful in domains where the digital " -"version of the content isn’t as valuable as the analog version, like book " -"publishing where a significant subset of people still prefer reading " -"something they can hold in their hands. Or in domains where the content " -"isn’t useful until it is in physical form, like furniture designs. In those " -"situations, a significant portion of consumers will pay for the convenience " -"of having someone else put the physical version together for them. Some " -"endeavors squeeze even more out of this revenue stream by using a Creative " -"Commons license that only allows noncommercial uses, which means no one else " -"can sell physical copies of their work in competition with them. This " -"strategy of reserving commercial rights can be particularly important for " -"items like books, where every printed copy of the same work is likely to be " -"the same quality, so it is harder to differentiate one publishing service " -"from another. On the other hand, for items like furniture or electronics, " -"the provider of the physical goods can compete with other providers of the " -"same works based on quality, service, or other traditional business " -"principles." +"and atoms refer to a physical object).<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" +"\"0\"/> This is particularly successful in domains where the digital version " +"of the content isn’t as valuable as the analog version, like book publishing " +"where a significant subset of people still prefer reading something they can " +"hold in their hands. Or in domains where the content isn’t useful until it " +"is in physical form, like furniture designs. In those situations, a " +"significant portion of consumers will pay for the convenience of having " +"someone else put the physical version together for them. Some endeavors " +"squeeze even more out of this revenue stream by using a Creative Commons " +"license that only allows noncommercial uses, which means no one else can " +"sell physical copies of their work in competition with them. This strategy " +"of reserving commercial rights can be particularly important for items like " +"books, where every printed copy of the same work is likely to be the same " +"quality, so it is harder to differentiate one publishing service from " +"another. On the other hand, for items like furniture or electronics, the " +"provider of the physical goods can compete with other providers of the same " +"works based on quality, service, or other traditional business principles." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2354 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2369 msgid "Charging for the in-person version <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2357 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2372 msgid "" "As anyone who has ever gone to a concert will tell you, experiencing " "creativity in person is a completely different experience from consuming a " "digital copy on your own. Far from acting as a substitute for face-to-face " -"interaction, CC-licensed content can actually create demand for the " -"in-person version of experience. You can see this effect when people go view " +"interaction, CC-licensed content can actually create demand for the in-" +"person version of experience. You can see this effect when people go view " "original art in person or pay to attend a talk or training course." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2368 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2383 msgid "Selling merchandise <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2371 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2386 msgid "" "In many cases, people who like your work will pay for products demonstrating " "a connection to your work. As a child of the 1980s, I can personally attest " @@ -3117,12 +3132,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2388 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2403 msgid "Osterwalder and Pigneur, Business Model Generation, 89." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2378 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2393 msgid "" "Sometimes the way to find a market-based revenue stream is by providing " "value to people other than those who consume your CC-licensed content. In " @@ -3131,80 +3146,80 @@ msgid "" "businesses are paying to access your main audience. The fact that the " "content is free increases the size of the audience, which in turn makes the " "offer more valuable to the paying customers. This is a variation of a " -"traditional business model built on free called multi-sided " -"platforms.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Access to your audience " -"isn’t the only thing people are willing to pay for—there are other services " -"you can provide as well." +"traditional business model built on free called multi-sided platforms." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Access to your audience isn’t the " +"only thing people are willing to pay for—there are other services you can " +"provide as well." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2395 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2410 msgid "Charging advertisers or sponsors <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2403 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2418 msgid "Ibid., 92." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2407 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2422 msgid "Anderson, Free, 142." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2398 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2413 msgid "" "The traditional model of subsidizing free content is advertising. In this " "version of multi-sided platforms, advertisers pay for the opportunity to " "reach the set of eyeballs the content creators provide in the form of their " "audience.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> The Internet has made " "this model more difficult because the number of potential channels available " -"to reach those eyeballs has become essentially infinite.<placeholder " -"type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> Nonetheless, it remains a viable revenue stream " -"for many content creators, including those who are Made with Creative " -"Commons. Often, instead of paying to display advertising, the advertiser " -"pays to be an official sponsor of particular content or projects, or of the " -"overall endeavor." +"to reach those eyeballs has become essentially infinite.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> Nonetheless, it remains a viable revenue stream for " +"many content creators, including those who are Made with Creative Commons. " +"Often, instead of paying to display advertising, the advertiser pays to be " +"an official sponsor of particular content or projects, or of the overall " +"endeavor." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2416 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2431 msgid "Charging your content creators <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2419 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2434 msgid "" "Another type of multisided platform is where the content creators themselves " "pay to be featured on the platform. Obviously, this revenue stream is only " -"available to those who rely on work created, at least in part, by " -"others. The most well-known version of this model is the “author-processing " -"charge” of open-access journals like those published by the Public Library " -"of Science, but there are other variations. The Conversation is primarily " -"funded by a university-membership model, where universities pay to have " -"their faculties participate as writers of the content on the Conversation " -"website." +"available to those who rely on work created, at least in part, by others. " +"The most well-known version of this model is the <quote>author-processing " +"charge</quote> of open-access journals like those published by the Public " +"Library of Science, but there are other variations. The Conversation is " +"primarily funded by a university-membership model, where universities pay to " +"have their faculties participate as writers of the content on the " +"Conversation website." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2433 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2448 msgid "Charging a transaction fee <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2438 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2453 msgid "Osterwalder and Pigneur, Business Model Generation, 32." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2436 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2451 msgid "" "This is a version of a traditional business model based on brokering " "transactions between parties.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> " "Curation is an important element of this model. Platforms like the Noun " -"Project add value by wading through CC-licensed content to curate a " -"high-quality set and then derive revenue when creators of that content make " +"Project add value by wading through CC-licensed content to curate a high-" +"quality set and then derive revenue when creators of that content make " "transactions with customers. Other platforms make money when service " "providers transact with their customers; for example, Opendesk makes money " "every time someone on their site pays a maker to make furniture based on one " @@ -3212,12 +3227,13 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2450 -msgid "Providing a service to your creators <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2465 +msgid "" +"Providing a service to your creators <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2453 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2468 msgid "" "As mentioned above, endeavors can make money by providing customized " "services to their users. Platforms can undertake a variation of this service " @@ -3228,12 +3244,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2463 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2478 msgid "Licensing a trademark <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2466 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2481 msgid "" "Finally, some that are Made with Creative Commons make money by selling use " "of their trademarks. Well known brands that consumers associate with " @@ -3246,12 +3262,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2478 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2493 msgid "Reciprocity-based revenue streams" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2480 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2495 msgid "" "Even if we set aside grant funding, we found that the traditional economic " "framework of understanding the market failed to fully capture the ways the " @@ -3260,7 +3276,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2487 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2502 msgid "" "Rather than devising a scheme to get people to pay money in exchange for " "some direct value provided to them, many of the revenue streams were more " @@ -3269,32 +3285,32 @@ msgid "" "like traditional nonprofit funding models, they aren’t charity. The endeavor " "exchange value with people, just not necessarily synchronously or in a way " "that requires that those values be equal. As David Bollier wrote in Think " -"Like a Commoner, “There is no self-serving calculation of whether the value " -"given and received is strictly equal.”" +"Like a Commoner, <quote>There is no self-serving calculation of whether the " +"value given and received is strictly equal.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2500 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2515 msgid "" "This should be a familiar dynamic—it is the way you deal with your friends " "and family. We give without regard for what and when we will get back. David " -"Bollier wrote, “Reciprocal social exchange lies at the heart of human " +"Bollier wrote, <quote>Reciprocal social exchange lies at the heart of human " "identity, community and culture. It is a vital brain function that helps the " -"human species survive and evolve.”" +"human species survive and evolve.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2510 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2525 msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 150." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2514 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2529 msgid "Ibid., 134." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2508 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2523 msgid "" "What is rare is to incorporate this sort of relationship into an endeavor " "that also engages with the market.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> " @@ -3304,14 +3320,13 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2519 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2534 msgid "" -"Memberships and individual donations " -"<emphasis>[RECIPROCITY-BASED]</emphasis>" +"Memberships and individual donations <emphasis>[RECIPROCITY-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2522 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2537 msgid "" "While memberships and donations are traditional nonprofit funding models, in " "the Made with Creative Commons context, they are directly tied to the " @@ -3326,91 +3341,92 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2538 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2553 msgid "The pay-what-you-want model <emphasis>[RECIPROCITY-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2541 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2556 msgid "" "In the pay-what-you-want model, the beneficiary of Creative Commons content " "is invited to give—at any amount they can and feel is appropriate, based on " -"the public and personal value they feel is generated by the open " -"content. Critically, these models are not touted as “buying” something " -"free. They are similar to a tip jar. People make financial contributions as " +"the public and personal value they feel is generated by the open content. " +"Critically, these models are not touted as <quote>buying</quote> something " +"free. They are similar to a tip jar. People make financial contributions as " "an act of gratitude. These models capitalize on the fact that we are " "naturally inclined to give money for things we value in the marketplace, " "even in situations where we could find a way to get it for free." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2554 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2569 msgid "Crowdfunding <emphasis>[RECIPROCITY-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2557 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2572 msgid "" "Crowdfunding models are based on recouping the costs of creating and " "distributing content before the content is created. If the endeavor is Made " "with Creative Commons, anyone who wants the work in question could simply " "wait until it’s created and then access it for free. That means, for this " -"model to work, people have to care about more than just receiving the " -"work. They have to want you to succeed. Amanda Palmer credits the success of " -"her crowdfunding on Kickstarter and Patreon to the years she spent building " -"her community and creating a connection with her fans. She wrote in The Art " -"of Asking, “Good art is made, good art is shared, help is offered, ears are " -"bent, emotions are exchanged, the compost of real, deep connection is " +"model to work, people have to care about more than just receiving the work. " +"They have to want you to succeed. Amanda Palmer credits the success of her " +"crowdfunding on Kickstarter and Patreon to the years she spent building her " +"community and creating a connection with her fans. She wrote in The Art of " +"Asking, <quote>Good art is made, good art is shared, help is offered, ears " +"are bent, emotions are exchanged, the compost of real, deep connection is " "sprayed all over the fields. Then one day, the artist steps up and asks for " "something. And if the ground has been fertilized enough, the audience says, " -"without hesitation: of course.”" +"without hesitation: of course.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2575 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2590 msgid "" "Other types of crowdfunding rely on a sense of responsibility that a " -"particular community may feel. Knowledge Unlatched pools funds from major " -"U.S. libraries to subsidize CC-licensed academic work that will be, by " +"particular community may feel. Knowledge Unlatched pools funds from major U." +"S. libraries to subsidize CC-licensed academic work that will be, by " "definition, available to everyone for free. Libraries with bigger budgets " "tend to give more out of a sense of commitment to the library community and " "to the idea of open access generally." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2586 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2601 msgid "Making Human Connections" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2588 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2603 msgid "" "Regardless of how they made money, in our interviews, we repeatedly heard " -"language like “persuading people to buy” and “inviting people to pay.” We " -"heard it even in connection with revenue streams that sit squarely within " -"the market. Cory Doctorow told us, “I have to convince my readers that the " -"right thing to do is to pay me.” The founders of the for-profit company " -"Lumen Learning showed us the letter they send to those who opt not to pay " -"for the services they provide in connection with their CC-licensed " -"educational content. It isn’t a cease-and-desist letter; it’s an invitation " -"to pay because it’s the right thing to do. This sort of behavior toward what " -"could be considered nonpaying customers is largely unheard of in the " -"traditional marketplace. But it seems to be part of the fabric of being Made " -"with Creative Commons." +"language like <quote>persuading people to buy</quote> and <quote>inviting " +"people to pay.</quote> We heard it even in connection with revenue streams " +"that sit squarely within the market. Cory Doctorow told us, <quote>I have to " +"convince my readers that the right thing to do is to pay me.</quote> The " +"founders of the for-profit company Lumen Learning showed us the letter they " +"send to those who opt not to pay for the services they provide in connection " +"with their CC-licensed educational content. It isn’t a cease-and-desist " +"letter; it’s an invitation to pay because it’s the right thing to do. This " +"sort of behavior toward what could be considered nonpaying customers is " +"largely unheard of in the traditional marketplace. But it seems to be part " +"of the fabric of being Made with Creative Commons." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2604 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2620 msgid "" "Nearly every endeavor we profiled relied, at least in part, on people being " "invested in what they do. The closer the Creative Commons content is to " -"being “the product,” the more pronounced this dynamic has to be. Rather than " -"simply selling a product or service, they are making ideological, personal, " -"and creative connections with the people who value what they do." +"being <quote>the product,</quote> the more pronounced this dynamic has to " +"be. Rather than simply selling a product or service, they are making " +"ideological, personal, and creative connections with the people who value " +"what they do." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2612 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2628 msgid "" "It took me a very long time to see how this avoidance of thinking about what " "they do in pure market terms was deeply tied to being Made with Creative " @@ -3418,7 +3434,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2617 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2633 msgid "" "I came to the research with preconceived notions about what Creative Commons " "is and what it means to be Made with Creative Commons. It turned out I was " @@ -3426,20 +3442,20 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2622 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2638 msgid "" "Obviously, being Made with Creative Commons means using Creative Commons " "licenses. That much I knew. But in our interviews, people spoke of so much " "more than copyright permissions when they explained how sharing fit into " "what they do. I was thinking about sharing too narrowly, and as a result, I " -"was missing vast swaths of the meaning packed within Creative " -"Commons. Rather than parsing the specific and narrow role of the copyright " -"license in the equation, it is important not to disaggregate the rest of " -"what comes with sharing. You have to widen the lens." +"was missing vast swaths of the meaning packed within Creative Commons. " +"Rather than parsing the specific and narrow role of the copyright license in " +"the equation, it is important not to disaggregate the rest of what comes " +"with sharing. You have to widen the lens." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2633 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2649 msgid "" "Being Made with Creative Commons is not just about the simple act of " "licensing a copyrighted work under a set of standardized terms, but also " @@ -3454,7 +3470,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2647 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2663 msgid "" "The rest of this section will explore some of the common strategies that " "creators, companies, and organizations use to remind us that there are " @@ -3463,19 +3479,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2654 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2670 msgid "Be human" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2658 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2674 msgid "" "Dan Ariely, Predictably Irrational: The Hidden Forces That Shape Our " "Decisions, rev. ed. (New York: Harper Perennial, 2010), 109." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2656 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2672 msgid "" "Humans are social animals, which means we are naturally inclined to treat " "each other well.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> But the further " @@ -3486,216 +3502,217 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2682 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2698 msgid "" "Austin Kleon, Show Your Work: 10 Ways to Share Your Creativity and Get " "Discovered (New York: Workman, 2014), 93." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2669 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2685 msgid "" "To counteract the anonymous and impersonal tendencies of how we operate " "online, individual creators and corporations who use Creative Commons " "licenses work to demonstrate their humanity. For some, this means pouring " "their lives out on the page. For others, it means showing their creative " "process, giving a glimpse into how they do what they do. As writer Austin " -"Kleon wrote, “Our work doesn’t speak for itself. Human beings want to know " -"where things came from, how they were made, and who made them. The stories " -"you tell about the work you do have a huge effect on how people feel and " -"what they understand about your work, and how people feel and what they " -"understand about your work affects how they value it.”<placeholder " +"Kleon wrote, <quote>Our work doesn’t speak for itself. Human beings want to " +"know where things came from, how they were made, and who made them. The " +"stories you tell about the work you do have a huge effect on how people feel " +"and what they understand about your work, and how people feel and what they " +"understand about your work affects how they value it.</quote><placeholder " "type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2688 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2704 msgid "" "A critical component to doing this effectively is not worrying about being a " -"“brand.” That means not being afraid to be vulnerable. Amanda Palmer says, " -"“When you’re afraid of someone’s judgment, you can’t connect with " -"them. You’re too preoccupied with the task of impressing them.” Not everyone " -"is suited to live life as an open book like Palmer, and that’s OK. There are " -"a lot of ways to be human. The trick is just avoiding pretense and the " -"temptation to artificially craft an image. People don’t just want the glossy " -"version of you. They can’t relate to it, at least not in a meaningful way." +"<quote>brand.</quote> That means not being afraid to be vulnerable. Amanda " +"Palmer says, <quote>When you’re afraid of someone’s judgment, you can’t " +"connect with them. You’re too preoccupied with the task of impressing them.</" +"quote> Not everyone is suited to live life as an open book like Palmer, and " +"that’s OK. There are a lot of ways to be human. The trick is just avoiding " +"pretense and the temptation to artificially craft an image. People don’t " +"just want the glossy version of you. They can’t relate to it, at least not " +"in a meaningful way." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2708 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2725 msgid "Kramer, Shareology, 76." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2700 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2717 msgid "" "This advice is probably even more important for businesses and organizations " "because we instinctively conceive of them as nonhuman (though in the United " "States, corporations are people!). When corporations and organizations make " "the people behind them more apparent, it reminds people that they are " -"dealing with something other than an anonymous corporate entity. In " -"business-speak, this is about “humanizing your interactions” with the " -"public.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> But it can’t be a " -"gimmick. You can’t fake being human." +"dealing with something other than an anonymous corporate entity. In business-" +"speak, this is about <quote>humanizing your interactions</quote> with the " +"public.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> But it can’t be a gimmick. " +"You can’t fake being human." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2714 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2731 msgid "Be open and accountable" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2723 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2740 msgid "Palmer, Art of Asking, 252." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2728 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2745 msgid "Whitehurst, Open Organization, 145." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2716 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2733 msgid "" "Transparency helps people understand who you are and why you do what you do, " "but it also inspires trust. Max Temkin of Cards Against Humanity told us, " -"“One of the most surprising things you can do in capitalism is just be " -"honest with people.” That means sharing the good and the bad. As Amanda " -"Palmer wrote, “You can fix almost anything by authentically " -"communicating.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> It isn’t about " -"trying to satisfy everyone or trying to sugarcoat mistakes or bad news, but " -"instead about explaining your rationale and then being prepared to defend it " -"when people are critical.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" +"<quote>One of the most surprising things you can do in capitalism is just be " +"honest with people.</quote> That means sharing the good and the bad. As " +"Amanda Palmer wrote, <quote>You can fix almost anything by authentically " +"communicating.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> It isn’t " +"about trying to satisfy everyone or trying to sugarcoat mistakes or bad " +"news, but instead about explaining your rationale and then being prepared to " +"defend it when people are critical.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2737 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2754 msgid "Surowiecki, Wisdom of Crowds, 203." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2744 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2761 msgid "Whitehurst, Open Organization, 80." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2732 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2749 msgid "" "Being accountable does not mean operating on consensus. According to James " -"Surowiecki, consensus-driven groups tend to resort to " -"lowest-common-denominator solutions and avoid the sort of candid exchange of " -"ideas that cultivates healthy collaboration.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " -"id=\"0\"/> Instead, it can be as simple as asking for input and then giving " -"context and explanation about decisions you make, even if soliciting " -"feedback and inviting discourse is time-consuming. If you don’t go through " -"the effort to actually respond to the input you receive, it can be worse " -"than not inviting input in the first place.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " -"id=\"1\"/> But when you get it right, it can guarantee the type of diversity " -"of thought that helps endeavors excel. And it is another way to get people " -"involved and invested in what you do." +"Surowiecki, consensus-driven groups tend to resort to lowest-common-" +"denominator solutions and avoid the sort of candid exchange of ideas that " +"cultivates healthy collaboration.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> " +"Instead, it can be as simple as asking for input and then giving context and " +"explanation about decisions you make, even if soliciting feedback and " +"inviting discourse is time-consuming. If you don’t go through the effort to " +"actually respond to the input you receive, it can be worse than not inviting " +"input in the first place.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> But when " +"you get it right, it can guarantee the type of diversity of thought that " +"helps endeavors excel. And it is another way to get people involved and " +"invested in what you do." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2752 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2769 msgid "Design for the good actors" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2756 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2773 msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 25." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2761 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2778 msgid "Ibid., 31." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2754 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2771 msgid "" "Traditional economics assumes people make decisions based solely on their " "own economic self-interest.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Any " "relatively introspective human knows this is a fiction—we are much more " -"complicated beings with a whole range of needs, emotions, and " -"motivations. In fact, we are hardwired to work together and ensure " -"fairness.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> Being Made with Creative " -"Commons requires an assumption that people will largely act on those social " -"motivations, motivations that would be considered “irrational” in an " -"economic sense. As Knowledge Unlatched’s Pinter told us, “It is best to " -"ignore people who try to scare you about free riding. That fear is based on " -"a very shallow view of what motivates human behavior.” There will always be " -"people who will act in purely selfish ways, but endeavors that are Made with " -"Creative Commons design for the good actors." +"complicated beings with a whole range of needs, emotions, and motivations. " +"In fact, we are hardwired to work together and ensure fairness.<placeholder " +"type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> Being Made with Creative Commons requires an " +"assumption that people will largely act on those social motivations, " +"motivations that would be considered <quote>irrational</quote> in an " +"economic sense. As Knowledge Unlatched’s Pinter told us, <quote>It is best " +"to ignore people who try to scare you about free riding. That fear is based " +"on a very shallow view of what motivates human behavior.</quote> There will " +"always be people who will act in purely selfish ways, but endeavors that are " +"Made with Creative Commons design for the good actors." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2779 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2797 msgid "Shirky, Cognitive Surplus, 112." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2773 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2791 msgid "" -"The assumption that people will largely do the right thing can be a " -"self-fulfilling prophecy. Shirky wrote in Cognitive Surplus, “Systems that " +"The assumption that people will largely do the right thing can be a self-" +"fulfilling prophecy. Shirky wrote in Cognitive Surplus, <quote>Systems that " "assume people will act in ways that create public goods, and that give them " "opportunities and rewards for doing so, often let them work together better " -"than neoclassical economics would predict.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " -"id=\"0\"/> When we acknowledge that people are often motivated by something " -"other than financial self-interest, we design our endeavors in ways that " -"encourage and accentuate our social instincts." +"than neoclassical economics would predict.</quote><placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> When we acknowledge that people are often motivated " +"by something other than financial self-interest, we design our endeavors in " +"ways that encourage and accentuate our social instincts." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2796 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2815 msgid "Surowiecki, Wisdom of Crowds, 124." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2786 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2804 msgid "" "Rather than trying to exert control over people’s behavior, this mode of " "operating requires a certain level of trust. We might not realize it, but " "our daily lives are already built on trust. As Surowiecki wrote in The " -"Wisdom of Crowds, “It’s impossible for a society to rely on law alone to " -"make sure citizens act honestly and responsibly. And it’s impossible for any " -"organization to rely on contracts alone to make sure that its managers and " -"workers live up to their obligation.” Instead, we largely trust that " -"people—mostly strangers—will do what they are supposed to do.<placeholder " -"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> And most often, they do." +"Wisdom of Crowds, <quote>It’s impossible for a society to rely on law alone " +"to make sure citizens act honestly and responsibly. And it’s impossible for " +"any organization to rely on contracts alone to make sure that its managers " +"and workers live up to their obligation.</quote> Instead, we largely trust " +"that people—mostly strangers—will do what they are supposed to do." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> And most often, they do." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2801 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2820 msgid "Treat humans like, well, humans" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2806 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2825 msgid "Kleon, Show Your Work, 127." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2814 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2833 msgid "Palmer, Art of Asking, 121." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2803 -msgid "" -"For creators, treating people as humans means not treating them like " -"fans. As Kleon says, “If you want fans, you have to be a fan " -"first.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Even if you happen to be " -"one of the few to reach celebrity levels of fame, you are better off " -"remembering that the people who follow your work are human, too. Cory " -"Doctorow makes a point to answer every single email someone sends him. " -"Amanda Palmer spends vast quantities of time going online to communicate " -"with her public, making a point to listen just as much as she " -"talks.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2822 +msgid "" +"For creators, treating people as humans means not treating them like fans. " +"As Kleon says, <quote>If you want fans, you have to be a fan first.</" +"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Even if you happen to be one " +"of the few to reach celebrity levels of fame, you are better off remembering " +"that the people who follow your work are human, too. Cory Doctorow makes a " +"point to answer every single email someone sends him. Amanda Palmer spends " +"vast quantities of time going online to communicate with her public, making " +"a point to listen just as much as she talks.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " +"id=\"1\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2818 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2837 msgid "" "The same idea goes for businesses and organizations. Rather than automating " "its customer service, the music platform Tribe of Noise makes a point to " @@ -3703,39 +3720,38 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2829 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2848 msgid "Ariely, Predictably Irrational, 87." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2839 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2858 msgid "Ibid., 105." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2824 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2843 msgid "" -"When we treat people like humans, they typically return the gift in " -"kind. It’s called karma. But social relationships are fragile. It is all too " -"easy to destroy them if you make the mistake of treating people as anonymous " +"When we treat people like humans, they typically return the gift in kind. " +"It’s called karma. But social relationships are fragile. It is all too easy " +"to destroy them if you make the mistake of treating people as anonymous " "customers or free labor.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Platforms " "that rely on content from contributors are especially at risk of creating an " "exploitative dynamic. It is important to find ways to acknowledge and pay " "back the value that contributors generate. That does not mean you can solve " -"this problem by simply paying contributors for their time or " -"contributions. As soon as we introduce money into a relationship—at least " -"when it takes a form of paying monetary value in exchange for other value—it " -"can dramatically change the dynamic.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " -"id=\"1\"/>" +"this problem by simply paying contributors for their time or contributions. " +"As soon as we introduce money into a relationship—at least when it takes a " +"form of paying monetary value in exchange for other value—it can " +"dramatically change the dynamic.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2844 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2863 msgid "State your principles and stick to them" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2846 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2865 msgid "" "Being Made with Creative Commons makes a statement about who you are and " "what you do. The symbolism is powerful. Using Creative Commons licenses " @@ -3748,7 +3764,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2858 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2877 msgid "" "The expression of your values doesn’t have to be implicit. In fact, many of " "the people we interviewed talked about how important it is to state your " @@ -3761,150 +3777,152 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2873 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2892 msgid "Ibid., 36." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2869 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2888 msgid "" "When your end goal is not about making a profit, people trust that you " "aren’t just trying to extract value for your own gain. People notice when " -"you have a sense of purpose that transcends your own " -"self-interest.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> It attracts " -"committed employees, motivates contributors, and builds trust." +"you have a sense of purpose that transcends your own self-interest." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> It attracts committed employees, " +"motivates contributors, and builds trust." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2879 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2898 msgid "Build a community" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2887 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2906 msgid "" "Jono Bacon, The Art of Community, 2nd ed. (Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, " "2012), 36." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2881 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2900 msgid "" "Endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons thrive when community is built " "around what they do. This may mean a community collaborating together to " "create something new, or it may simply be a collection of like-minded people " -"who get to know each other and rally around common interests or " -"beliefs.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> To a certain extent, " -"simply being Made with Creative Commons automatically brings with it some " -"element of community, by helping connect you to like-minded others who " -"recognize and are drawn to the values symbolized by using CC." +"who get to know each other and rally around common interests or beliefs." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> To a certain extent, simply being " +"Made with Creative Commons automatically brings with it some element of " +"community, by helping connect you to like-minded others who recognize and " +"are drawn to the values symbolized by using CC." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2903 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2922 msgid "Palmer, Art of Asking, 98." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2910 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2929 msgid "Whitehurst, Open Organization, 34." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2895 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2914 msgid "" "To be sustainable, though, you have to work to nurture community. People " "have to care—about you and each other. One critical piece to this is " "fostering a sense of belonging. As Jono Bacon writes in The Art of " -"Community, “If there is no belonging, there is no community.” For Amanda " -"Palmer and her band, that meant creating an accepting and inclusive " -"environment where people felt a part of their “weird little " -"family.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> For organizations like Red " -"Hat, that means connecting around common beliefs or goals. As the CEO Jim " -"Whitehurst wrote in The Open Organization, “Tapping into passion is " -"especially important in building the kinds of participative communities that " -"drive open organizations.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" +"Community, <quote>If there is no belonging, there is no community.</quote> " +"For Amanda Palmer and her band, that meant creating an accepting and " +"inclusive environment where people felt a part of their <quote>weird little " +"family.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> For organizations " +"like Red Hat, that means connecting around common beliefs or goals. As the " +"CEO Jim Whitehurst wrote in The Open Organization, <quote>Tapping into " +"passion is especially important in building the kinds of participative " +"communities that drive open organizations.</quote><placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2922 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2941 msgid "Surowiecki, Wisdom of Crowds, 200." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2926 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2945 msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 29." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2914 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2933 msgid "" "Communities that collaborate together take deliberate planning. Surowiecki " -"wrote, “It takes a lot of work to put the group together. It’s difficult to " -"ensure that people are working in the group’s interest and not in their " -"own. And when there’s a lack of trust between the members of the group " -"(which isn’t surprising given that they don’t really know each other), " -"considerable energy is wasted trying to determine each other’s bona " -"fides.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Building true community " +"wrote, <quote>It takes a lot of work to put the group together. It’s " +"difficult to ensure that people are working in the group’s interest and not " +"in their own. And when there’s a lack of trust between the members of the " +"group (which isn’t surprising given that they don’t really know each other), " +"considerable energy is wasted trying to determine each other’s bona fides.</" +"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Building true community " "requires giving people within the community the power to create or influence " -"the rules that govern the community.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " -"id=\"1\"/> If the rules are created and imposed in a top-down manner, people " -"feel like they don’t have a voice, which in turn leads to disengagement." +"the rules that govern the community.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/" +"> If the rules are created and imposed in a top-down manner, people feel " +"like they don’t have a voice, which in turn leads to disengagement." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2932 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2951 msgid "" "Community takes work, but working together, or even simply being connected " "around common interests or values, is in many ways what sharing is about." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2938 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2957 msgid "Give more to the commons than you take" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2949 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2968 msgid "" -"Giana Eckhardt and Fleura Bardhi, “The Sharing Economy Isn’t about Sharing " -"at All,” Harvard Business Review (website), January 28, 2015, <ulink " -"url=\"http://hbr.org/2015/01/the-sharing-economy-isnt-about-sharing-at-all\"/>." +"Giana Eckhardt and Fleura Bardhi, <quote>The Sharing Economy Isn’t about " +"Sharing at All,</quote> Harvard Business Review (website), January 28, 2015, " +"<ulink url=\"http://hbr.org/2015/01/the-sharing-economy-isnt-about-sharing-" +"at-all\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2957 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2976 msgid "" "Lisa Gansky, The Mesh: Why the Future of Business Is Sharing, reprint with " "new epilogue (New York: Portfolio, 2012)." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2940 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2959 msgid "" "Conventional wisdom in the marketplace dictates that people should try to " "extract as much money as possible from resources. This is essentially what " "defines so much of the so-called sharing economy. In an article on the " -"Harvard Business Review website called “The Sharing Economy Isn’t about " -"Sharing at All,” authors Giana Eckhardt and Fleura Bardhi explained how the " -"anonymous market-driven trans-actions in most sharing-economy businesses are " -"purely about monetizing access.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> As " -"Lisa Gansky put it in her book The Mesh, the primary strategy of the sharing " -"economy is to sell the same product multiple times, by selling access rather " -"than ownership.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> That is not " -"sharing." +"Harvard Business Review website called <quote>The Sharing Economy Isn’t " +"about Sharing at All,</quote> authors Giana Eckhardt and Fleura Bardhi " +"explained how the anonymous market-driven trans-actions in most sharing-" +"economy businesses are purely about monetizing access.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> As Lisa Gansky put it in her book The Mesh, the " +"primary strategy of the sharing economy is to sell the same product multiple " +"times, by selling access rather than ownership.<placeholder type=\"footnote" +"\" id=\"1\"/> That is not sharing." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2973 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2992 msgid "" -"David Lee, “Inside Medium: An Attempt to Bring Civility to the Internet,” " -"BBC News, March 3, 2016, <ulink " -"url=\"http://www.bbc.com/news/technology-35709680\"/>." +"David Lee, <quote>Inside Medium: An Attempt to Bring Civility to the " +"Internet,</quote> BBC News, March 3, 2016, <ulink url=\"http://www.bbc.com/" +"news/technology-35709680\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2963 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2982 msgid "" "Sharing requires adding as much or more value to the ecosystem than you " "take. You can’t simply treat open content as a free pool of resources from " @@ -3913,14 +3931,14 @@ msgid "" "about creating content; it can be about adding value in other ways. The " "social blogging platform Medium provides value to its community by " "incentivizing good behavior, and the result is an online space with " -"remarkably high-quality user-generated content and limited " -"trolling.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Opendesk contributes to " -"its community by committing to help its designers make money, in part by " +"remarkably high-quality user-generated content and limited trolling." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Opendesk contributes to its " +"community by committing to help its designers make money, in part by " "actively curating and displaying their work on its platform effectively." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2982 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3001 msgid "" "In all cases, it is important to openly acknowledge the amount of value you " "add versus that which you draw on that was created by others. Being " @@ -3932,48 +3950,49 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2993 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3012 msgid "Involve people in what you do" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2998 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3017 msgid "Anderson, Makers, 148." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3002 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3021 msgid "Shirky, Cognitive Surplus, 164." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3009 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3073 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3028 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3092 msgid "Whitehurst, foreword to Open Organization." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2995 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3014 msgid "" "Thanks to the Internet, we can tap into the talents and expertise of people " -"around the globe. Chris Anderson calls it the Long Tail of " -"talent.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> But to make collaboration " -"work, the group has to be effective at what it is doing, and the people " -"within the group have to find satisfaction from being involved.<placeholder " -"type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> This is easier to facilitate for some types of " +"around the globe. Chris Anderson calls it the Long Tail of talent." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> But to make collaboration work, " +"the group has to be effective at what it is doing, and the people within the " +"group have to find satisfaction from being involved.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> This is easier to facilitate for some types of " "creative work than it is for others. Groups tied together online collaborate " "best when people can work independently and asynchronously, and particularly " "for larger groups with loose ties, when contributors can make simple " -"improvements without a particularly heavy time commitment.<placeholder " -"type=\"footnote\" id=\"2\"/>" +"improvements without a particularly heavy time commitment.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"2\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3022 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3041 msgid "Shirky, Cognitive Surplus, 144." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3013 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3032 msgid "" "As the success of Wikipedia demonstrates, editing an online encyclopedia is " "exactly the sort of activity that is perfect for massive co-creation because " @@ -3981,29 +4000,29 @@ msgid "" "own are immensely valuable in the aggregate. Those same sorts of small " "contributions would be less useful for many other types of creative work, " "and people are inherently less motivated to contribute when it doesn’t " -"appear that their efforts will make much of a difference.<placeholder " -"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"appear that their efforts will make much of a difference.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3034 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><quote><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3053 msgid "Ibid., 154." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3046 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3065 msgid "Palmer, Art of Asking, 163." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3026 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3045 msgid "" "It is easy to romanticize the opportunities for global cocreation made " "possible by the Internet, and, indeed, the successful examples of it are " -"truly incredible and inspiring. But in a wide range of " -"circumstances—perhaps more often than not—community cocreation is not part " -"of the equation, even within endeavors built on CC content. Shirky wrote, " -"“Sometimes the value of professional work trumps the value of amateur " +"truly incredible and inspiring. But in a wide range of circumstances—" +"perhaps more often than not—community cocreation is not part of the " +"equation, even within endeavors built on CC content. Shirky wrote, " +"<quote>Sometimes the value of professional work trumps the value of amateur " "sharing or a feeling of belonging.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> " "The textbook publisher OpenStax, which distributes all of its material for " "free under CC licensing, is an example of this dynamic. Rather than tapping " @@ -4013,46 +4032,46 @@ msgid "" "community cocreation is only rarely a part of the picture. Even musician " "Amanda Palmer, who is famous for her openness and involvement with her fans, " "said, “The only department where I wasn’t open to input was the writing, the " -"music itself.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" +"music itself.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3057 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3076 msgid "Anderson, Makers, 173." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3064 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3083 msgid "" "Tom Kelley and David Kelley, Creative Confidence: Unleashing the Potential " "within Us All (New York: Crown, 2013), 82." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3050 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3069 msgid "" "While we tend to immediately think of cocreation and remixing when we hear " "the word collaboration, you can also involve others in your creative process " "in more informal ways, by sharing half-baked ideas and early drafts, and " "interacting with the public to incubate ideas and get feedback. So-called " -"“making in public” opens the door to letting people feel more invested in " -"your creative work.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> And it shows a " -"nonterritorial approach to ideas and information. Stephen Covey (of The 7 " -"Habits of Highly Effective People fame) calls this the abundance " +"<quote>making in public</quote> opens the door to letting people feel more " +"invested in your creative work.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> And " +"it shows a nonterritorial approach to ideas and information. Stephen Covey " +"(of The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People fame) calls this the abundance " "mentality—treating ideas like something plentiful—and it can create an " -"environment where collaboration flourishes.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " -"id=\"1\"/>" +"environment where collaboration flourishes.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" +"\"1\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3081 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3100 msgid "" "Rachel Botsman and Roo Rogers, What’s Mine Is Yours: The Rise of " "Collaborative Consumption (New York: Harper Business, 2010), 188." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3070 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3089 msgid "" "There is no one way to involve people in what you do. They key is finding a " "way for people to contribute on their terms, compelled by their own " @@ -4061,86 +4080,97 @@ msgid "" "Creative Commons can be Wikipedia, but every endeavor can find ways to " "invite the public into what they do. The goal for any form of collaboration " "is to move away from thinking of consumers as passive recipients of your " -"content and transition them into active participants.<placeholder " -"type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" +"content and transition them into active participants.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3090 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3109 msgid "The Creative Commons Licenses" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3092 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3111 msgid "" "All of the Creative Commons licenses grant a basic set of permissions. At a " "minimum, a CC- licensed work can be copied and shared in its original form " -"for noncommercial purposes so long as attribution is given to the " -"creator. There are six licenses in the CC license suite that build on that " -"basic set of permissions, ranging from the most restrictive (allowing only " -"those basic permissions to share unmodified copies for noncommercial " -"purposes) to the most permissive (reusers can do anything they want with " -"the work, even for commercial purposes, as long as they give the creator " -"credit). The licenses are built on copyright and do not cover other types of " -"rights that creators might have in their works, like patents or trademarks." +"for noncommercial purposes so long as attribution is given to the creator. " +"There are six licenses in the CC license suite that build on that basic set " +"of permissions, ranging from the most restrictive (allowing only those basic " +"permissions to share unmodified copies for noncommercial purposes) to the " +"most permissive (reusers can do anything they want with the work, even for " +"commercial purposes, as long as they give the creator credit). The licenses " +"are built on copyright and do not cover other types of rights that creators " +"might have in their works, like patents or trademarks." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3106 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3125 msgid "Here are the six licenses:" msgstr "" -#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><informalfigure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3111 +#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3130 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001930000008D83BF99FC0821C489.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3119 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3128 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3142 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3158 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3170 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3183 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3196 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3216 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3228 +msgid "<placeholder type=\"inlinemediaobject\" id=\"0\"/>" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3135 msgid "" "The Attribution license (CC BY) lets others distribute, remix, tweak, and " "build upon your work, even commercially, as long as they credit you for the " -"original creation. This is the most accommodating of licenses " -"offered. Recommended for maximum dissemination and use of licensed " -"materials." +"original creation. This is the most accommodating of licenses offered. " +"Recommended for maximum dissemination and use of licensed materials." msgstr "" -#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><informalfigure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3128 +#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3144 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001930000008DFD3592CB17C4EC38.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3136 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3149 msgid "" "The Attribution-Share-Alike license (CC BY-SA) lets others remix, tweak, and " "build upon your work, even for commercial purposes, as long as they credit " "you and license their new creations under identical terms. This license is " -"often compared to “copyleft” free and open source software licenses. All new " -"works based on yours will carry the same license, so any derivatives will " -"also allow commercial use." +"often compared to <quote>copyleft</quote> free and open source software " +"licenses. All new works based on yours will carry the same license, so any " +"derivatives will also allow commercial use." msgstr "" -#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><informalfigure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3147 +#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3160 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001930000008D254882DE24793FEA.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3155 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3165 msgid "" "The Attribution-NoDerivs license (CC BY-ND) allows for redistribution, " "commercial and noncommercial, as long as it is passed along unchanged with " "credit to you." msgstr "" -#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><informalfigure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3162 +#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3172 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001930000008DCAF78FB61D1CBDA6.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3170 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3177 msgid "" "The Attribution-NonCommercial license (CC BY-NC) lets others remix, tweak, " "and build upon your work noncommercially. Although their new works must also " @@ -4148,26 +4178,26 @@ msgid "" "same terms." msgstr "" -#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><informalfigure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3178 +#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3185 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001930000008D16DA603376395620.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3186 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3190 msgid "" "The Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license (CC BY-NC-SA) lets others " "remix, tweak, and build upon your work noncommercially, as long as they " "credit you and license their new creations under the same terms." msgstr "" -#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><informalfigure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3194 +#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3198 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001930000008DC3FEF92B21310965.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3202 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3203 msgid "" "The Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs license (CC BY-NC-ND) is the most " "restrictive of our six main licenses, only allowing others to download your " @@ -4176,82 +4206,82 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3209 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3210 msgid "" "In addition to these six licenses, Creative Commons has two public-domain " "tools—one for creators and the other for those who manage collections of " "existing works by authors whose terms of copyright have expired:" msgstr "" -#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><informalfigure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3217 +#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3218 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001900000008DBE3414994CD27786.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3225 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3223 msgid "" "CC0 enables authors and copyright owners to dedicate their works to the " -"worldwide public domain (“no rights reserved”)." +"worldwide public domain (<quote>no rights reserved</quote>)." msgstr "" -#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><informalfigure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3231 +#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3230 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001900000008D36DCD649C5B1411F.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3239 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3235 msgid "" "The Creative Commons Public Domain Mark facilitates the labeling and " "discovery of works that are already free of known copyright restrictions." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3244 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3240 msgid "" "In our case studies, some use just one Creative Commons license, others use " -"several. Attribution (found in thirteen case studies) and " -"Attribution-ShareAlike (found in eight studies) were the most common, with " -"the other licenses coming up in four or so case studies, including the " -"public-domain tool CC0. Some of the organizations we profiled offer both " -"digital content and software: by using open-source-software licenses for the " -"software code and Creative Commons licenses for digital content, they " -"amplify their involvement with and commitment to sharing." +"several. Attribution (found in thirteen case studies) and Attribution-" +"ShareAlike (found in eight studies) were the most common, with the other " +"licenses coming up in four or so case studies, including the public-domain " +"tool CC0. Some of the organizations we profiled offer both digital content " +"and software: by using open-source-software licenses for the software code " +"and Creative Commons licenses for digital content, they amplify their " +"involvement with and commitment to sharing." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3255 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3251 msgid "" "There is a popular misconception that the three NonCommercial licenses " "offered by CC are the only options for those who want to make money off " "their work. As we hope this book makes clear, there are many ways to make " "endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons sustainable. Reserving " "commercial rights is only one of those ways. It is certainly true that a " -"license that allows others to make commercial use of your work (CC BY, CC " -"BY-SA, and CC BY-ND) forecloses some traditional revenue streams. If you " -"apply an Attribution (CC BY) license to your book, you can’t force a film " -"company to pay you royalties if they turn your book into a feature-length " -"film, or prevent another company from selling physical copies of your work." +"license that allows others to make commercial use of your work (CC BY, CC BY-" +"SA, and CC BY-ND) forecloses some traditional revenue streams. If you apply " +"an Attribution (CC BY) license to your book, you can’t force a film company " +"to pay you royalties if they turn your book into a feature-length film, or " +"prevent another company from selling physical copies of your work." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3269 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3265 msgid "" "The decision to choose a NonCommercial and/or NoDerivs license comes down to " "how much you need to retain control over the creative work. The " "NonCommercial and NoDerivs licenses are ways of reserving some significant " -"portion of the exclusive bundle of rights that copyright grants to " -"creators. In some cases, reserving those rights is important to how you " -"bring in revenue. In other cases, creators use a NonCommercial or NoDerivs " -"license because they can’t give up on the dream of hitting the creative " -"jackpot. The music platform Tribe of Noise told us the NonCommercial " -"licenses were popular among their users because people still held out the " -"dream of having a major record label discover their work." +"portion of the exclusive bundle of rights that copyright grants to creators. " +"In some cases, reserving those rights is important to how you bring in " +"revenue. In other cases, creators use a NonCommercial or NoDerivs license " +"because they can’t give up on the dream of hitting the creative jackpot. " +"The music platform Tribe of Noise told us the NonCommercial licenses were " +"popular among their users because people still held out the dream of having " +"a major record label discover their work." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3282 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3278 msgid "" "Other times the decision to use a more restrictive license is due to a " "concern about the integrity of the work. For example, the nonprofit " @@ -4260,7 +4290,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3289 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3285 msgid "" "There is no one right way. The NonCommercial and NoDerivs restrictions " "reflect the values and preferences of creators about how their creative work " @@ -4274,25 +4304,26 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3301 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3297 msgid "Note" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3304 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3300 msgid "" "For more about the licenses including examples and tips on sharing your work " -"in the digital commons, start with the Creative Commons page called “Share " -"Your Work” at <ulink url=\"http://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/\"/>." +"in the digital commons, start with the Creative Commons page called " +"<quote>Share Your Work</quote> at <ulink url=\"http://creativecommons.org/" +"share-your-work/\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3312 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3308 msgid "The Case Studies" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3315 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3311 msgid "" "The twenty-four case studies in this section were chosen from hundreds of " "nominations received from Kickstarter backers, Creative Commons staff, and " @@ -4304,7 +4335,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3325 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3321 msgid "" "We did background research and conducted interviews for each case study, " "based on the same set of basic questions about the endeavor. The idea for " @@ -4314,24 +4345,24 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3333 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3329 msgid "Arduino" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3336 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3332 msgid "" "Arduino is a for-profit open-source electronics platform and computer " "hardware and software company. Founded in 2005 in Italy." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3341 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3337 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.arduino.cc\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3343 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3339 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for physical " "copies (sales of boards, modules, shields, and kits), licensing a trademark " @@ -4339,24 +4370,38 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3348 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4189 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3344 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4195 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 4, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3351 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3347 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: David Cuartielles and Tom " "Igoe, cofounders" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3355 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4196 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4627 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4868 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5149 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5458 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5968 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6221 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6542 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6893 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7433 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7717 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8181 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8957 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3351 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4202 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4638 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4880 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5162 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5472 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5985 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6239 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6561 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6913 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7457 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7741 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8211 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8992 msgid "Profile written by Paul Stacey" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3359 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3355 msgid "" "In 2005, at the Interaction Design Institute Ivrea in northern Italy, " "teachers and students needed an easy way to use electronics and programming " @@ -4372,7 +4417,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3373 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3369 msgid "" "Arduino boards are able to read inputs—light on a sensor, a finger on a " "button, or a Twitter message—and turn it into outputs—activating a motor, " @@ -4383,30 +4428,30 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3383 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3378 msgid "" -"“The reasons for making Arduino open source are complicated,” Tom " -"says. Partly it was about supporting flexibility. The open-source nature of " -"Arduino empowers users to modify it and create a lot of different " -"variations, adding on top of what the founders build. David says this " -"“ended up strengthening the platform far beyond what we had even thought of " -"building.”" +"<quote>The reasons for making Arduino open source are complicated,</quote> " +"Tom says. Partly it was about supporting flexibility. The open-source nature " +"of Arduino empowers users to modify it and create a lot of different " +"variations, adding on top of what the founders build. David says this " +"<quote>ended up strengthening the platform far beyond what we had even " +"thought of building.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3391 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3387 msgid "" -"For Tom another factor was the impending closure of the Ivrea design " -"school. He’d seen other organizations close their doors and all their work " -"and research just disappear. Open-sourcing ensured that Arduino would " -"outlive the Ivrea closure. Persistence is one thing Tom really likes about " -"open source. If key people leave, or a company shuts down, an open-source " -"product lives on. In Tom’s view, “Open sourcing makes it easier to trust a " -"product.”" +"For Tom another factor was the impending closure of the Ivrea design school. " +"He’d seen other organizations close their doors and all their work and " +"research just disappear. Open-sourcing ensured that Arduino would outlive " +"the Ivrea closure. Persistence is one thing Tom really likes about open " +"source. If key people leave, or a company shuts down, an open-source product " +"lives on. In Tom’s view, <quote>Open sourcing makes it easier to trust a " +"product.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3400 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3397 msgid "" "With the school closing, David and some of the other Arduino founders " "started a consulting firm and multidisciplinary design studio they called " @@ -4417,17 +4462,18 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3409 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3406 msgid "" "For Tom, part of Arduino’s success is because the founders made themselves " "the first customer of their product. They made products they themselves " -"personally wanted. It was a matter of “I need this thing,” not “If we make " -"this, we’ll make a lot of money.” Tom notes that being your own first " -"customer makes you more confident and convincing at selling your product." +"personally wanted. It was a matter of <quote>I need this thing,</quote> not " +"<quote>If we make this, we’ll make a lot of money.</quote> Tom notes that " +"being your own first customer makes you more confident and convincing at " +"selling your product." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3417 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3414 msgid "" "Arduino’s business model has evolved over time—and Tom says model is a " "grandiose term for it. Originally, they just wanted to make a few boards and " @@ -4442,7 +4488,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3431 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3428 msgid "" "Arduino now has a worldwide community of makers—students, hobbyists, " "artists, programmers, and professionals. Arduino provides a wiki called " @@ -4458,7 +4504,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3445 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3442 msgid "" "Transitioning Arduino from a project to a company was a big step. Other " "businesses who made boards were charging a lot of money for them. Arduino " @@ -4469,17 +4515,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3453 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3450 msgid "" "For a business, getting to the end of the year and not being in the red is a " "success. Arduino may have an open-licensing strategy, but they are still a " -"business, and all the things needed to successfully run one still " -"apply. David says, “If you do those other things well, sharing things in an " -"open-source way can only help you.”" +"business, and all the things needed to successfully run one still apply. " +"David says, <quote>If you do those other things well, sharing things in an " +"open-source way can only help you.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3461 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3458 msgid "" "While openly licensing the designs, documentation, and software ensures " "longevity, it does have risks. There’s a possibility that others will create " @@ -4493,7 +4539,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3473 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3470 msgid "" "Tom and David say that a lot of people have built companies off of Arduino, " "with dozens of Arduino derivatives out there. But in contrast to closed " @@ -4506,12 +4552,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3493 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3490 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Products\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3484 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3481 msgid "" "Over time, the range of Arduino products has diversified, changing and " "adapting to new needs and challenges. In addition to simple entry level " @@ -4520,27 +4566,27 @@ msgid "" "creating Internet of Things applications, wearables, and 3-D printing. The " "full range of official Arduino products includes boards, modules (a smaller " "form-factor of classic boards), shields (elements that can be plugged onto a " -"board to give it extra features), and kits.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " -"id=\"0\"/>" +"board to give it extra features), and kits.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" +"\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3496 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3493 msgid "" "Arduino’s focus is on high-quality boards, well-designed support materials, " "and the building of community; this focus is one of the keys to their " "success. And being open lets you build a real community. David says " -"Arduino’s community is a big strength and something that really does " -"matter—in his words, “It’s good business.” When they started, the Arduino " -"team had almost entirely no idea how to build a community. They started by " -"conducting numerous workshops, working directly with people using the " -"platform to make sure the hardware and software worked the way it was meant " -"to work and solved people’s problems. The community grew organically from " -"there." +"Arduino’s community is a big strength and something that really does matter—" +"in his words, <quote>It’s good business.</quote> When they started, the " +"Arduino team had almost entirely no idea how to build a community. They " +"started by conducting numerous workshops, working directly with people using " +"the platform to make sure the hardware and software worked the way it was " +"meant to work and solved people’s problems. The community grew organically " +"from there." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3509 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3506 msgid "" "A key decision for Arduino was trademarking the name. The founders needed a " "way to guarantee to people that they were buying a quality product from a " @@ -4554,19 +4600,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3521 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3518 msgid "" "Current official manufacturers are Smart Projects in Italy, SparkFun in the " "United States, and Dog Hunter in Taiwan/China. These are the only " -"manufacturers that are allowed to use the Arduino logo on their " -"boards. Trademarking their brand provided the founders with a way to protect " -"Arduino, build it out further, and fund software and tutorial " -"development. The trademark-licensing fee for the brand became Arduino’s " -"revenue-generating model." +"manufacturers that are allowed to use the Arduino logo on their boards. " +"Trademarking their brand provided the founders with a way to protect " +"Arduino, build it out further, and fund software and tutorial development. " +"The trademark-licensing fee for the brand became Arduino’s revenue-" +"generating model." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3531 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3528 msgid "" "How far to open things up wasn’t always something the founders perfectly " "agreed on. David, who was always one to advocate for opening things up more, " @@ -4577,49 +4623,50 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3552 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3549 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://blog.arduino.cc/2013/07/10/send-in-the-clones/\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3540 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3537 msgid "" "David encourages people and businesses to start by sharing everything as a " "default strategy, and then think about whether there is anything that really " "needs to be protected and why. There are lots of good reasons to not open up " "certain elements. This strategy of sharing everything is certainly the " -"complete opposite of how today’s world operates, where nothing is " -"shared. Tom suggests a business formalize which elements are based on open " -"sharing and which are closed. An Arduino blog post from 2013 entitled “Send " -"In the Clones,” by one of the founders Massimo Banzi, does a great job of " -"explaining the full complexities of how trademarking their brand has played " -"out, distinguishing between official boards and those that are clones, " -"derivatives, compatibles, and counterfeits.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " -"id=\"0\"/>" +"complete opposite of how today’s world operates, where nothing is shared. " +"Tom suggests a business formalize which elements are based on open sharing " +"and which are closed. An Arduino blog post from 2013 entitled <quote>Send In " +"the Clones,</quote> by one of the founders Massimo Banzi, does a great job " +"of explaining the full complexities of how trademarking their brand has " +"played out, distinguishing between official boards and those that are " +"clones, derivatives, compatibles, and counterfeits.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3555 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3552 msgid "" "For David, an exciting aspect of Arduino is the way lots of people can use " "it to adapt technology in many different ways. Technology is always making " "more things possible but doesn’t always focus on making it easy to use and " -"adapt. This is where Arduino steps in. Arduino’s goal is “making things " -"that help other people make things.”" +"adapt. This is where Arduino steps in. Arduino’s goal is <quote>making " +"things that help other people make things.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3563 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3560 msgid "" "Arduino has been hugely successful in making technology and electronics " -"reach a larger audience. For Tom, Arduino has been about “the " -"democratization of technology.” Tom sees Arduino’s open-source strategy as " -"helping the world get over the idea that technology has to be protected. Tom " -"says, “Technology is a literacy everyone should learn.”" +"reach a larger audience. For Tom, Arduino has been about <quote>the " +"democratization of technology.</quote> Tom sees Arduino’s open-source " +"strategy as helping the world get over the idea that technology has to be " +"protected. Tom says, <quote>Technology is a literacy everyone should learn.</" +"quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3571 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3568 msgid "" "Ultimately, for Arduino, going open has been good business—good for product " "development, good for distribution, good for pricing, and good for " @@ -4627,12 +4674,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3577 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3574 msgid "Ártica" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3580 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3577 msgid "" "Ártica provides online courses and consulting services focused on how to use " "digital technology to share knowledge and enable collaboration in arts and " @@ -4640,36 +4687,45 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3585 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3582 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.articaonline.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3587 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3584 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for custom " "services" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3590 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3587 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: March 9, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3592 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3589 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: Mariana Fossatti and " "Jorge Gemetto, cofounders" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3596 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3783 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3975 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4394 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5760 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7204 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7985 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8507 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8728 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9194 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3593 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3784 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3980 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4401 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5774 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7225 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8009 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8537 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8759 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9230 msgid "Profile written by Sarah Hinchliff Pearson" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3600 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3597 msgid "" "The story of Mariana Fossatti and Jorge Gemetto’s business, Ártica, is the " "ultimate example of DIY. Not only are they successful entrepreneurs, the " @@ -4678,25 +4734,25 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3606 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3603 msgid "Their dream jobs didn’t exist, so they created them." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3609 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3606 msgid "" "In 2011, Mariana was a sociologist working for an international organization " -"to develop research and online education about rural-development " -"issues. Jorge was a psychologist, also working in online education. Both " -"were bloggers and heavy users of social media, and both had a passion for " -"arts and culture. They decided to take their skills in digital technology " -"and online learning and apply them to a topic area they loved. They launched " +"to develop research and online education about rural-development issues. " +"Jorge was a psychologist, also working in online education. Both were " +"bloggers and heavy users of social media, and both had a passion for arts " +"and culture. They decided to take their skills in digital technology and " +"online learning and apply them to a topic area they loved. They launched " "Ártica, an online business that provides education and consulting for people " "and institutions creating artistic and cultural projects on the Internet." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3621 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3618 msgid "" "Ártica feels like a uniquely twenty-first century business. The small " "company has a global online presence with no physical offices. Jorge and " @@ -4711,30 +4767,31 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3634 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3631 msgid "" "Ártica offers personalized education and consulting services, and helps " "clients implement projects. All of these services are customized. They call " -"it an “artisan” process because of the time and effort it takes to adapt " -"their work for the particular needs of students and clients. “Each student " -"or client is paying for a specific solution to his or her problems and " -"questions,” Mariana said. Rather than sell access to their content, they " -"provide it for free and charge for the personalized services." +"it an <quote>artisan</quote> process because of the time and effort it takes " +"to adapt their work for the particular needs of students and clients. " +"<quote>Each student or client is paying for a specific solution to his or " +"her problems and questions,</quote> Mariana said. Rather than sell access to " +"their content, they provide it for free and charge for the personalized " +"services." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3644 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3642 msgid "" "When they started, they offered a smaller number of courses designed to " -"attract large audiences. “Over the years, we realized that online " -"communities are more specific than we thought,” Mariana said. Ártica now " -"provides more options for classes and has lower enrollment in each " +"attract large audiences. <quote>Over the years, we realized that online " +"communities are more specific than we thought,</quote> Mariana said. Ártica " +"now provides more options for classes and has lower enrollment in each " "course. This means they can provide more attention to individual students " "and offer classes on more specialized topics." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3653 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3651 msgid "" "Online courses are their biggest revenue stream, but they also do more than " "a dozen consulting projects each year, ranging from digitization to event " @@ -4744,34 +4801,34 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3661 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3659 msgid "" -"Ártica also seeks out public and private funding for specific " -"projects. Sometimes, even if they are unsuccessful in subsidizing a project " -"like a new course or e-book, they will go ahead because they believe in " -"it. They take the stance that every new project leads them to something new, " -"every new resource they create opens new doors." +"Ártica also seeks out public and private funding for specific projects. " +"Sometimes, even if they are unsuccessful in subsidizing a project like a new " +"course or e-book, they will go ahead because they believe in it. They take " +"the stance that every new project leads them to something new, every new " +"resource they create opens new doors." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3669 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3667 msgid "" "Ártica relies heavily on their free Creative Commons–licensed content to " "attract new students and clients. Everything they create—online education, " "blog posts, videos—is published under an Attribution-ShareAlike license (CC " -"BY-SA). “We use a ShareAlike license because we want to give the greatest " -"freedom to our students and readers, and we also want that freedom to be " -"viral,” Jorge said. For them, giving others the right to reuse and remix " -"their content is a fundamental value. “How can you offer an online " -"educational service without giving permission to download, make and keep " -"copies, or print the educational resources?” Jorge said. “If we want to do " -"the best for our students—those who trust in us to the point that they are " -"willing to pay online without face-to-face contact—we have to offer them a " -"fair and ethical agreement.”" +"BY-SA). <quote>We use a ShareAlike license because we want to give the " +"greatest freedom to our students and readers, and we also want that freedom " +"to be viral,</quote> Jorge said. For them, giving others the right to reuse " +"and remix their content is a fundamental value. <quote>How can you offer an " +"online educational service without giving permission to download, make and " +"keep copies, or print the educational resources?</quote> Jorge said. " +"<quote>If we want to do the best for our students—those who trust in us to " +"the point that they are willing to pay online without face-to-face contact—" +"we have to offer them a fair and ethical agreement.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3685 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3683 msgid "" "They also believe sharing their ideas and expertise openly helps them build " "their reputation and visibility. People often share and cite their work. A " @@ -4781,37 +4838,38 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3693 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3691 msgid "" -"This belief that openness creates new opportunities reflects another " -"belief—in serendipity. When describing their process for creating content, " -"they spoke of all of the spontaneous and organic ways they find " -"inspiration. “Sometimes, the collaborative process starts with a " -"conversation between us, or with friends from other projects,” Jorge " -"said. “That can be the first step for a new blog post or another simple " +"This belief that openness creates new opportunities reflects another belief—" +"in serendipity. When describing their process for creating content, they " +"spoke of all of the spontaneous and organic ways they find inspiration. " +"<quote>Sometimes, the collaborative process starts with a conversation " +"between us, or with friends from other projects,</quote> Jorge said. " +"<quote>That can be the first step for a new blog post or another simple " "piece of content, which can evolve to a more complex product in the future, " -"like a course or a book.”" +"like a course or a book.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3703 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3702 msgid "" "Rather than planning their work in advance, they let their creative process " -"be dynamic. “This doesn’t mean that we don’t need to work hard in order to " -"get good professional results, but the design process is more flexible,” " -"Jorge said. They share early and often, and they adjust based on what they " -"learn, always exploring and testing new ideas and ways of operating. In many " -"ways, for them, the process is just as important as the final product." +"be dynamic. <quote>This doesn’t mean that we don’t need to work hard in " +"order to get good professional results, but the design process is more " +"flexible,</quote> Jorge said. They share early and often, and they adjust " +"based on what they learn, always exploring and testing new ideas and ways of " +"operating. In many ways, for them, the process is just as important as the " +"final product." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> #: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3712 msgid "" -"People and relationships are also just as important, sometimes more. “In the " -"educational and cultural business, it is more important to pay attention to " -"people and process, rather than content or specific formats or materials,” " -"Mariana said. “Materials and content are fluid. The important thing is the " -"relationships.”" +"People and relationships are also just as important, sometimes more. " +"<quote>In the educational and cultural business, it is more important to pay " +"attention to people and process, rather than content or specific formats or " +"materials,</quote> Mariana said. <quote>Materials and content are fluid. " +"The important thing is the relationships.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> @@ -4825,20 +4883,20 @@ msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> #: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3725 msgid "" -"At the core of everything Ártica does is a set of values. “Good content is " -"not enough,” Jorge said. “We also think that it is very important to take a " -"stand for some things in the cultural sector.” Mariana and Jorge are " -"activists. They defend free culture (the movement promoting the freedom to " -"modify and distribute creative work) and work to demonstrate the " -"intersection between free culture and other social-justice movements. Their " -"efforts to involve people in their work and enable artists and cultural " -"institutions to better use technology are all tied closely to their belief " -"system. Ultimately, what drives their work is a mission to democratize art " -"and culture." +"At the core of everything Ártica does is a set of values. <quote>Good " +"content is not enough,</quote> Jorge said. <quote>We also think that it is " +"very important to take a stand for some things in the cultural sector.</" +"quote> Mariana and Jorge are activists. They defend free culture (the " +"movement promoting the freedom to modify and distribute creative work) and " +"work to demonstrate the intersection between free culture and other social-" +"justice movements. Their efforts to involve people in their work and enable " +"artists and cultural institutions to better use technology are all tied " +"closely to their belief system. Ultimately, what drives their work is a " +"mission to democratize art and culture." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3738 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3739 msgid "" "Of course, Ártica also has to make enough money to cover its expenses. Human " "resources are, by far, their biggest expense. They tap a network of " @@ -4851,11 +4909,11 @@ msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> #: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3747 msgid "" -"“There are lots of people offering online courses,” Jorge said. “But it is " -"easy to differentiate us. We have an approach that is very specific and " -"personal.” Ártica’s model is rooted in the personal at every level. For " -"Mariana and Jorge, success means doing what brings them personal meaning and " -"purpose, and doing it sustainably and collaboratively." +"<quote>There are lots of people offering online courses,</quote> Jorge said. " +"<quote>But it is easy to differentiate us. We have an approach that is very " +"specific and personal.</quote> Ártica’s model is rooted in the personal at " +"every level. For Mariana and Jorge, success means doing what brings them " +"personal meaning and purpose, and doing it sustainably and collaboratively." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> @@ -4863,49 +4921,49 @@ msgstr "" msgid "" "In their work with younger artists, Mariana and Jorge try to emphasize that " "this model of success is just as valuable as the picture of success we get " -"from the media. “If they seek only the traditional type of success, they " -"will get frustrated,” Mariana said. “We try to show them another image of " -"what it looks like.”" +"from the media. <quote>If they seek only the traditional type of success, " +"they will get frustrated,</quote> Mariana said. <quote>We try to show them " +"another image of what it looks like.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3763 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3764 msgid "Blender Institute" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3766 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3767 msgid "" "The Blender Institute is an animation studio that creates 3-D films using " "Blender software. Founded in 2006 in the Netherlands." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3771 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3772 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.blender.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3773 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3774 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: crowdfunding " "(subscription-based), charging for physical copies, selling merchandise" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3777 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3778 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: March 8, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3779 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3780 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Francesco Siddi, " "production coordinator" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3787 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3788 msgid "" "For Ton Roosendaal, the creator of Blender software and its related " "entities, sharing is practical. Making their 3-D content creation software " @@ -4918,7 +4976,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3798 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3799 msgid "" "Each open-movie project Blender runs produces a host of openly licensed " "outputs, not just the final film itself but all of the source material as " @@ -4930,16 +4988,16 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3808 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3809 msgid "" "Rather than just talking about the theoretical benefits of sharing and free " "culture, Ton is very much about doing and making free culture. Blender’s " -"production coordinator Francesco Siddi told us, “Ton believes if you don’t " -"make content using your tools, then you’re not doing anything.”" +"production coordinator Francesco Siddi told us, <quote>Ton believes if you " +"don’t make content using your tools, then you’re not doing anything.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3815 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3816 msgid "" "Blender’s history begins in the late 1990s, when Ton created the Blender " "software. Originally, the software was an in-house resource for his " @@ -4952,31 +5010,32 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3826 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3827 msgid "" "This was long before Kickstarter and other online crowdfunding sites " "existed, but Ton ran his own version of a crowdfunding campaign and quickly " "raised the money he needed. The Blender software became freely available for " "anyone to use. Simply applying the General Public License to the software, " "however, was not enough to create a thriving community around it. Francesco " -"told us, “Software of this complexity relies on people and their vision of " -"how people work together. Ton is a fantastic community builder and manager, " -"and he put a lot of work into fostering a community of developers so that " -"the project could live.”" +"told us, <quote>Software of this complexity relies on people and their " +"vision of how people work together. Ton is a fantastic community builder and " +"manager, and he put a lot of work into fostering a community of developers " +"so that the project could live.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3838 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3840 msgid "" "Like any successful free and open-source software project, Blender developed " -"quickly because the community could make fixes and improvements. “Software " -"should be free and open to hack,” Francesco said. “Otherwise, everyone is " -"doing the same thing in the dark for ten years.” Ton set up the Blender " -"Foundation to oversee and steward the software development and maintenance." +"quickly because the community could make fixes and improvements. " +"<quote>Software should be free and open to hack,</quote> Francesco said. " +"<quote>Otherwise, everyone is doing the same thing in the dark for ten years." +"</quote> Ton set up the Blender Foundation to oversee and steward the " +"software development and maintenance." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3846 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3849 msgid "" "After a few years, Ton began looking for new ways to push development of the " "software. He came up with the idea of creating CC-licensed films using the " @@ -4988,18 +5047,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3856 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3859 msgid "" "They turned to crowdfunding to subsidize the costs of the project. They had " "about twenty people working full-time for six to ten months, so the costs " "were significant. Francesco said that when their crowdfunding campaign " -"succeeded, people were astounded. “The idea that making money was possible " -"by producing CC-licensed material was mind-blowing to people,” he " -"said. “They were like, ‘I have to see it to believe it.’”" +"succeeded, people were astounded. <quote>The idea that making money was " +"possible by producing CC-licensed material was mind-blowing to people,</" +"quote> he said. <quote>They were like, <quote>I have to see it to believe " +"it.</quote></quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3865 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3869 msgid "" "The first film, which was released in 2006, was an experiment. It was so " "successful that Ton decided to set up the Blender Institute, an entity " @@ -5009,43 +5069,45 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3873 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3877 msgid "" "Francesco said that, over time, the Blender Institute projects have gotten " "bigger and more prominent. That means the filmmaking process has become more " -"complex, combining technical experts and artists who focus on " -"storytelling. Francesco says the process is almost on an industrial scale " -"because of the number of moving parts. This requires a lot of specialized " -"assistance, but the Blender Institute has no problem finding the talent it " -"needs to help on projects. “Blender hardly does any recruiting for film " -"projects because the talent emerges naturally,” Francesco said. “So many " +"complex, combining technical experts and artists who focus on storytelling. " +"Francesco says the process is almost on an industrial scale because of the " +"number of moving parts. This requires a lot of specialized assistance, but " +"the Blender Institute has no problem finding the talent it needs to help on " +"projects. <quote>Blender hardly does any recruiting for film projects " +"because the talent emerges naturally,</quote> Francesco said. <quote>So many " "people want to work with us, and we can’t always hire them because of budget " -"constraints.”" +"constraints.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3886 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3890 msgid "" "Blender has had a lot of success raising money from its community over the " "years. In many ways, the pitch has gotten easier to make. Not only is " "crowdfunding simply more familiar to the public, but people know and trust " "Blender to deliver, and Ton has developed a reputation as an effective " -"community leader and visionary for their work. “There is a whole community " -"who sees and understands the benefit of these projects,” Francesco said." +"community leader and visionary for their work. <quote>There is a whole " +"community who sees and understands the benefit of these projects,</quote> " +"Francesco said." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3895 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3899 msgid "" "While these benefits of each open-movie project make a compelling pitch for " "crowdfunding campaigns, Francesco told us the Blender Institute has found " "some limitations in the standard crowdfunding model where you propose a " -"specific project and ask for funding. “Once a project is over, everyone " -"goes home,” he said. “It is great fun, but then it ends. That is a problem.”" +"specific project and ask for funding. <quote>Once a project is over, " +"everyone goes home,</quote> he said. <quote>It is great fun, but then it " +"ends. That is a problem.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3903 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3908 msgid "" "To make their work more sustainable, they needed a way to receive ongoing " "support rather than on a project-by-project basis. Their solution is Blender " @@ -5062,16 +5124,16 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3918 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3923 msgid "" "The continuous financial support provided by Blender Cloud subsidizes five " "to six full-time employees at the Blender Institute. Francesco says their " -"goal is to grow their subscriber base. “This is our freedom,” he told us, " -"“and for artists, freedom is everything.”" +"goal is to grow their subscriber base. <quote>This is our freedom,</quote> " +"he told us, <quote>and for artists, freedom is everything.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3925 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3930 msgid "" "Blender Cloud is the primary revenue stream of the Blender Institute. The " "Blender Foundation is funded primarily by donations, and that money goes " @@ -5082,87 +5144,88 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3934 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3939 msgid "" "Ton has worked on projects relating to his Blender software for nearly " "twenty years. Throughout most of that time, he has been committed to making " -"the software and the content produced with the software free and " -"open. Selling a license has never been part of the business model." +"the software and the content produced with the software free and open. " +"Selling a license has never been part of the business model." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3941 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3946 msgid "" "Since 2006, he has been making films available along with all of their " "source material. He says he has hardly ever seen people stepping into " "Blender’s shoes and trying to make money off of their content. Ton believes " "this is because the true value of what they do is in the creative and " -"production process. “Even when you share everything, all your original " +"production process. <quote>Even when you share everything, all your original " "sources, it still takes a lot of talent, skills, time, and budget to " -"reproduce what you did,” Ton said." +"reproduce what you did,</quote> Ton said." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3951 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3956 msgid "For Ton and Blender, it all comes back to doing." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3955 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3960 msgid "Cards Against Humanity" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3958 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3963 msgid "" "Cards Against Humanity is a private, for-profit company that makes a popular " "party game by the same name. Founded in 2011 in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3963 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3968 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.cardsagainsthumanity.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3965 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3970 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for physical " "copies" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3968 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3973 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 3, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3971 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3976 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Max Temkin, cofounder" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3979 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3984 msgid "" "If you ask cofounder Max Temkin, there is nothing particularly interesting " -"about the Cards Against Humanity business model. “We make a product. We sell " -"it for money. Then we spend less money than we make,” Max said." +"about the Cards Against Humanity business model. <quote>We make a product. " +"We sell it for money. Then we spend less money than we make,</quote> Max " +"said." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3985 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3990 msgid "" "He is right. Cards Against Humanity is a simple party game, modeled after " -"the game Apples to Apples. To play, one player asks a question or " -"fill-in-the-blank statement from a black card, and the other players submit " -"their funniest white card in response. The catch is that all of the cards " -"are filled with crude, gruesome, and otherwise awful things. For the right " -"kind of people (“horrible people,” according to Cards Against Humanity " -"advertising), this makes for a hilarious and fun game." +"the game Apples to Apples. To play, one player asks a question or fill-in-" +"the-blank statement from a black card, and the other players submit their " +"funniest white card in response. The catch is that all of the cards are " +"filled with crude, gruesome, and otherwise awful things. For the right kind " +"of people (<quote>horrible people,</quote> according to Cards Against " +"Humanity advertising), this makes for a hilarious and fun game." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3995 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4000 msgid "" "The revenue model is simple. Physical copies of the game are sold for a " "profit. And it works. At the time of this writing, Cards Against Humanity is " @@ -5172,7 +5235,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4003 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4008 msgid "" "But Cards Against Humanity is also available for free. Anyone can download a " "digital version of the game on the Cards Against Humanity website. More than " @@ -5181,7 +5244,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4009 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4014 msgid "" "The game is available under an Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license " "(CC BY-NC-SA). That means, in addition to copying the game, anyone can " @@ -5191,7 +5254,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4017 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4022 msgid "" "All together, these factors—the crass tone of the game and company, the free " "download, the openness to fans remixing the game—give the game a massive " @@ -5199,7 +5262,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4022 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4027 msgid "" "Their success is not the result of a grand plan. Instead, Cards Against " "Humanity was the last in a long line of games and comedy projects that Max " @@ -5214,24 +5277,24 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4035 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4040 msgid "" -"The game caught on quickly, and it has only grown more popular over " -"time. Max says the eight founders never had a meeting where they decided to " -"make it an ongoing business. “It kind of just happened,” he said." +"The game caught on quickly, and it has only grown more popular over time. " +"Max says the eight founders never had a meeting where they decided to make " +"it an ongoing business. <quote>It kind of just happened,</quote> he said." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4041 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4046 msgid "" -"But this tale of a “happy accident” belies marketing genius. Just like the " -"game, the Cards Against Humanity brand is irreverent and memorable. It is " -"hard to forget a company that calls the FAQ on their website “Your dumb " -"questions.”" +"But this tale of a <quote>happy accident</quote> belies marketing genius. " +"Just like the game, the Cards Against Humanity brand is irreverent and " +"memorable. It is hard to forget a company that calls the FAQ on their " +"website <quote>Your dumb questions.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4047 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4052 msgid "" "Like most quality satire, however, there is more to the joke than vulgarity " "and shock value. The company’s marketing efforts around Black Friday " @@ -5240,41 +5303,42 @@ msgid "" "biggest shopping day of the year. It is an incredibly important day for " "Cards Against Humanity, like it is for all U.S. retailers. Max said they " "struggled with what to do on Black Friday because they didn’t want to " -"support what he called the “orgy of consumerism” the day has become, " -"particularly since it follows a day that is about being grateful for what " -"you have. In 2013, after deliberating, they decided to have an Everything " -"Costs $5 More sale." +"support what he called the <quote>orgy of consumerism</quote> the day has " +"become, particularly since it follows a day that is about being grateful for " +"what you have. In 2013, after deliberating, they decided to have an " +"Everything Costs $5 More sale." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4061 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4065 msgid "" -"“We sweated it out the night before Black Friday, wondering if our fans were " -"going to hate us for it,” he said. “But it made us laugh so we went with " -"it. People totally caught the joke.”" +"<quote>We sweated it out the night before Black Friday, wondering if our " +"fans were going to hate us for it,</quote> he said. <quote>But it made us " +"laugh so we went with it. People totally caught the joke.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4066 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4071 msgid "" "This sort of bold transparency delights the media, but more importantly, it " -"engages their fans. “One of the most surprising things you can do in " -"capitalism is just be honest with people,” Max said. “It shocks people that " -"there is transparency about what you are doing.”" +"engages their fans. <quote>One of the most surprising things you can do in " +"capitalism is just be honest with people,</quote> Max said. <quote>It shocks " +"people that there is transparency about what you are doing.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4073 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4078 msgid "" -"Max also likened it to a grand improv scene. “If we do something a little " -"subversive and unexpected, the public wants to be a part of the joke.” One " -"year they did a Give Cards Against Humanity $5 event, where people literally " -"paid them five dollars for no reason. Their fans wanted to make the joke " -"funnier by making it successful. They made $70,000 in a single day." +"Max also likened it to a grand improv scene. <quote>If we do something a " +"little subversive and unexpected, the public wants to be a part of the joke." +"</quote> One year they did a Give Cards Against Humanity $5 event, where " +"people literally paid them five dollars for no reason. Their fans wanted to " +"make the joke funnier by making it successful. They made $70,000 in a single " +"day." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4081 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4086 msgid "" "This remarkable trust they have in their customers is what inspired their " "decision to apply a Creative Commons license to the game. Trusting your " @@ -5282,14 +5346,14 @@ msgid "" "Against Humanity obviously isn’t afraid of doing the unexpected, but there " "are lines even they do not want to cross. Before applying the license, Max " "said they worried that some fans would adapt the game to include all of the " -"jokes they intentionally never made because they crossed that line. “It " -"happened, and the world didn’t end,” Max said. “If that is the worst cost of " -"using CC, I’d pay that a hundred times over because there are so many " -"benefits.”" +"jokes they intentionally never made because they crossed that line. " +"<quote>It happened, and the world didn’t end,</quote> Max said. <quote>If " +"that is the worst cost of using CC, I’d pay that a hundred times over " +"because there are so many benefits.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4094 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4099 msgid "" "Any successful product inspires its biggest fans to create remixes of it, " "but unsanctioned adaptations are more likely to fly under the radar. The " @@ -5299,43 +5363,44 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4102 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4107 msgid "" -"Max said, “CC was a no-brainer for us because it gets the most people " +"Max said, <quote>CC was a no-brainer for us because it gets the most people " "involved. Making the game free and available under a CC license led to the " "unbelievable situation where we are one of the best-marketed games in the " -"world, and we have never spent a dime on marketing.”" +"world, and we have never spent a dime on marketing.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4109 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4114 msgid "" "Of course, there are limits to what the company allows its customers to do " "with the game. They chose the Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license " "because it restricts people from using the game to make money. It also " "requires that adaptations of the game be made available under the same " "licensing terms if they are shared publicly. Cards Against Humanity also " -"polices its brand. “We feel like we’re the only ones who can use our brand " -"and our game and make money off of it,” Max said. About 99.9 percent of the " -"time, they just send an email to those making commercial use of the game, " -"and that is the end of it. There have only been a handful of instances where " -"they had to get a lawyer involved." +"polices its brand. <quote>We feel like we’re the only ones who can use our " +"brand and our game and make money off of it,</quote> Max said. About 99.9 " +"percent of the time, they just send an email to those making commercial use " +"of the game, and that is the end of it. There have only been a handful of " +"instances where they had to get a lawyer involved." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4123 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4128 msgid "" "Just as there is more than meets the eye to the Cards Against Humanity " "business model, the same can be said of the game itself. To be playable, " "every white card has to work syntactically with enough black cards. The " "eight creators invest an incredible amount of work into creating new cards " -"for the game. “We have daylong arguments about commas,” Max said. “The " -"slacker tone of the cards gives people the impression that it is easy to " -"write them, but it is actually a lot of work and quibbling.”" +"for the game. <quote>We have daylong arguments about commas,</quote> Max " +"said. <quote>The slacker tone of the cards gives people the impression that " +"it is easy to write them, but it is actually a lot of work and quibbling.</" +"quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4133 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4139 msgid "" "That means cocreation with their fans really doesn’t work. The company has a " "submission mechanism on their website, and they get thousands of " @@ -5348,27 +5413,28 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4144 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4150 msgid "" "For all of their success, the creators of Cards Against Humanity are only " "partially motivated by money. Max says they have always been interested in " -"the Walt Disney philosophy of financial success. “We don’t make jokes and " -"games to make money—we make money so we can make more jokes and games,” he " -"said." +"the Walt Disney philosophy of financial success. <quote>We don’t make jokes " +"and games to make money—we make money so we can make more jokes and games,</" +"quote> he said." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4151 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4157 msgid "" "In fact, the company has given more than $4 million to various charities and " -"causes. “Cards is not our life plan,” Max said. “We all have other interests " -"and hobbies. We are passionate about other things going on in our lives. A " -"lot of the activism we have done comes out of us taking things from the rest " -"of our lives and channeling some of the excitement from the game into it.”" +"causes. <quote>Cards is not our life plan,</quote> Max said. <quote>We all " +"have other interests and hobbies. We are passionate about other things going " +"on in our lives. A lot of the activism we have done comes out of us taking " +"things from the rest of our lives and channeling some of the excitement from " +"the game into it.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4159 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4166 msgid "" "Seeing money as fuel rather than the ultimate goal is what has enabled them " "to embrace Creative Commons licensing without reservation. CC licensing " @@ -5378,34 +5444,34 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4167 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4173 msgid "" -"“It’s not right for everyone to release everything under CC licensing,” Max " -"said. “If your only goal is to make a lot of money, then CC is not best " -"strategy. This kind of business model, though, speaks to your values, and " -"who you are and why you’re making things.”" +"<quote>It’s not right for everyone to release everything under CC licensing," +"</quote> Max said. <quote>If your only goal is to make a lot of money, then " +"CC is not best strategy. This kind of business model, though, speaks to your " +"values, and who you are and why you’re making things.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4175 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4181 msgid "The Conversation" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4178 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4184 msgid "" "The Conversation is an independent source of news, sourced from the academic " -"and research community and delivered direct to the public over the " -"Internet. Founded in 2011 in Australia." +"and research community and delivered direct to the public over the Internet. " +"Founded in 2011 in Australia." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4183 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4189 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://theconversation.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4185 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4191 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging content " "creators (universities pay membership fees to have their faculties serve as " @@ -5413,24 +5479,24 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4192 -msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Andrew Jaspan, founder" +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4198 +msgid "" +"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Andrew Jaspan, founder" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4200 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4206 msgid "" "Andrew Jaspan spent years as an editor of major newspapers including the " "Observer in London, the Sunday Herald in Glasgow, and the Age in Melbourne, " "Australia. He experienced firsthand the decline of newspapers, including the " -"collapse of revenues, layoffs, and the constant pressure to reduce " -"costs. After he left the Age in 2005, his concern for the future journalism " -"didn’t go away. Andrew made a commitment to come up with an alternative " -"model." +"collapse of revenues, layoffs, and the constant pressure to reduce costs. " +"After he left the Age in 2005, his concern for the future journalism didn’t " +"go away. Andrew made a commitment to come up with an alternative model." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4210 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4216 msgid "" "Around the time he left his job as editor of the Melbourne Age, Andrew " "wondered where citizens would get news grounded in fact and evidence rather " @@ -5440,29 +5506,28 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4217 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4223 msgid "" "While at the Age, he’d become friends with a vice-chancellor of a university " "in Melbourne who encouraged him to talk to smart people across campus—an " "astrophysicist, a Nobel laureate, earth scientists, economists . . . These " "were the kind of smart people he wished were more involved in informing the " -"world about what is going on and correcting the errors that appear in " -"media. However, they were reluctant to engage with mass media. Often, " -"journalists didn’t understand what they said, or unilaterally chose what " -"aspect of a story to tell, putting out a version that these people felt was " -"wrong or mischaracterized. Newspapers want to attract a mass " -"audience. Scholars want to communicate serious news, findings, and " -"insights. It’s not a perfect match. Universities are massive repositories of " -"knowledge, research, wisdom, and expertise. But a lot of that stays behind a " -"wall of their own making—there are the walled garden and ivory tower " -"metaphors, and in more literal terms, the paywall. Broadly speaking, " -"universities are part of society but disconnected from it. They are an " -"enormous public resource but not that good at presenting their expertise to " -"the wider public." +"world about what is going on and correcting the errors that appear in media. " +"However, they were reluctant to engage with mass media. Often, journalists " +"didn’t understand what they said, or unilaterally chose what aspect of a " +"story to tell, putting out a version that these people felt was wrong or " +"mischaracterized. Newspapers want to attract a mass audience. Scholars want " +"to communicate serious news, findings, and insights. It’s not a perfect " +"match. Universities are massive repositories of knowledge, research, wisdom, " +"and expertise. But a lot of that stays behind a wall of their own making—" +"there are the walled garden and ivory tower metaphors, and in more literal " +"terms, the paywall. Broadly speaking, universities are part of society but " +"disconnected from it. They are an enormous public resource but not that good " +"at presenting their expertise to the wider public." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4238 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4244 msgid "" "Andrew believed he could to help connect academics back into the public " "arena, and maybe help society find solutions to big problems. He thought " @@ -5471,13 +5536,13 @@ msgid "" "captions, and quotes. The editors could help turn something that is " "academic into something understandable and readable. And this would be a key " "difference from traditional journalism—the subject matter expert would get a " -"chance to check the article and give final approval before it is " -"published. Compare this with reporters just picking and choosing the quotes " -"and writing whatever they want." +"chance to check the article and give final approval before it is published. " +"Compare this with reporters just picking and choosing the quotes and writing " +"whatever they want." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4251 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4257 msgid "" "The people he spoke to liked this idea, and Andrew embarked on raising money " "and support with the help of the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial " @@ -5491,25 +5556,24 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4264 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4270 msgid "" "The Conversation is founded on the belief that underpinning a functioning " -"democracy is access to independent, high-quality, informative " -"journalism. The Conversation’s aim is for people to have a better " -"understanding of current affairs and complex issues—and hopefully a better " -"quality of public discourse. The Conversation sees itself as a source of " -"trusted information dedicated to the public good. Their core mission is " -"simple: to provide readers with a reliable source of evidence-based " -"information." +"democracy is access to independent, high-quality, informative journalism. " +"The Conversation’s aim is for people to have a better understanding of " +"current affairs and complex issues—and hopefully a better quality of public " +"discourse. The Conversation sees itself as a source of trusted information " +"dedicated to the public good. Their core mission is simple: to provide " +"readers with a reliable source of evidence-based information." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4277 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4283 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://theconversation.com/us/charter\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4275 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4281 msgid "" "Andrew worked hard to reinvent a methodology for creating reliable, credible " "content. He introduced strict new working practices, a charter, and codes of " @@ -5526,21 +5590,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4290 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4296 msgid "" "Creative Commons help with these goals; articles are published with the " "Attribution- NoDerivs license (CC BY-ND). They’re freely available for " "others to republish elsewhere as long as attribution is given and the " "content is not edited. Over five years, more than twenty-two thousand sites " "have republished their content. The Conversation website gets about 2.9 " -"million unique views per month, but through republication they have " -"thirty-five million readers. This couldn’t have been done without the " -"Creative Commons license, and in Andrew’s view, Creative Commons is central " -"to everything the Conversation does." +"million unique views per month, but through republication they have thirty-" +"five million readers. This couldn’t have been done without the Creative " +"Commons license, and in Andrew’s view, Creative Commons is central to " +"everything the Conversation does." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4302 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4308 msgid "" "When readers come across the Conversation, they seem to like what they find " "and recommend it to their friends, peers, and networks. Readership has " @@ -5550,7 +5614,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4310 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4316 msgid "" "It’s usual for the founders of any company to ask themselves what kind of " "company it should be. It quickly became clear to the founders of the " @@ -5561,7 +5625,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4319 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4325 msgid "" "There are now different editions of the Conversation for Africa, the United " "Kingdom, France, and the United States, in addition to the one for " @@ -5573,7 +5637,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4329 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4335 msgid "" "Additionally, each edition has its own set of founding partners, strategic " "partners, and funders. They’ve received funding from foundations, " @@ -5584,17 +5648,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4338 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4344 msgid "" "When professors from member universities write an article, there is some " "branding of the university associated with the article. On the Conversation " -"website, paying university members are listed as “members and funders.” " -"Early participants may be designated as “founding members,” with seats on " -"the editorial advisory board." +"website, paying university members are listed as <quote>members and funders." +"</quote> Early participants may be designated as <quote>founding members,</" +"quote> with seats on the editorial advisory board." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4345 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4352 msgid "" "Academics are not paid for their contributions, but they get free editing " "from a professional (four to five hours per piece, on average). They also " @@ -5606,7 +5670,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4355 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4362 msgid "" "The Conversation plans to expand the dashboard to show not just reach but " "impact. This tracks activities, behaviors, and events that occurred as a " @@ -5616,7 +5680,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4363 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4370 msgid "" "These reach and impact metrics show the benefits of membership. With the " "Conversation, universities can engage with the public and show why they’re " @@ -5624,59 +5688,59 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4368 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4375 msgid "" -"With its tagline, “Academic Rigor, Journalistic Flair,” the Conversation " -"represents a new form of journalism that contributes to a more informed " -"citizenry and improved democracy around the world. Its open business model " -"and use of Creative Commons show how it’s possible to generate both a public " -"good and operational revenue at the same time." +"With its tagline, <quote>Academic Rigor, Journalistic Flair,</quote> the " +"Conversation represents a new form of journalism that contributes to a more " +"informed citizenry and improved democracy around the world. Its open " +"business model and use of Creative Commons show how it’s possible to " +"generate both a public good and operational revenue at the same time." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4377 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4384 msgid "Cory Doctorow" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4380 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4387 msgid "" "Cory Doctorow is a science fiction writer, activist, blogger, and " "journalist. Based in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4383 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4390 msgid "" -"<ulink url=\"http://craphound.com\"/> and <ulink " -"url=\"http://boingboing.net\"/>" +"<ulink url=\"http://craphound.com\"/> and <ulink url=\"http://boingboing.net" +"\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4386 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4393 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for physical " "copies (book sales), pay-what-you-want, selling translation rights to books" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4390 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4397 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: January 12, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4398 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4405 msgid "" -"Cory Doctorow hates the term “business model,” and he is adamant that he is " -"not a brand. “To me, branding is the idea that you can take a thing that has " -"certain qualities, remove the qualities, and go on selling it,” he " -"said. “I’m not out there trying to figure out how to be a brand. I’m doing " -"this thing that animates me to work crazy insane hours because it’s the most " -"important thing I know how to do.”" +"Cory Doctorow hates the term <quote>business model,</quote> and he is " +"adamant that he is not a brand. <quote>To me, branding is the idea that you " +"can take a thing that has certain qualities, remove the qualities, and go on " +"selling it,</quote> he said. <quote>I’m not out there trying to figure out " +"how to be a brand. I’m doing this thing that animates me to work crazy " +"insane hours because it’s the most important thing I know how to do.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4407 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4414 msgid "" "Cory calls himself an entrepreneur. He likes to say his success came from " "making stuff people happened to like and then getting out of the way of them " @@ -5684,7 +5748,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4412 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4419 msgid "" "He is a science fiction writer, activist, blogger, and journalist. " "Beginning with his first novel, Down and Out in the Magic Kingdom, in 2003, " @@ -5692,12 +5756,11 @@ msgid "" "coeditor of the popular CC-licensed site Boing Boing, where he writes about " "technology, politics, and intellectual property. He has also written several " "nonfiction books, including the most recent Information Doesn’t Want to Be " -"Free, about the ways in which creators can make a living in the Internet " -"age." +"Free, about the ways in which creators can make a living in the Internet age." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4423 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4430 msgid "" "Cory primarily makes money by selling physical books, but he also takes on " "paid speaking gigs and is experimenting with pay-what-you-want models for " @@ -5705,7 +5768,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4428 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4435 msgid "" "While Cory’s extensive body of fiction work has a large following, he is " "just as well known for his activism. He is an outspoken opponent of " @@ -5715,68 +5778,70 @@ msgid "" "Foundation, where he is involved in a lawsuit challenging the U.S. law that " "protects DRM. Cory says his political work doesn’t directly make him money, " "but if he gave it up, he thinks he would lose credibility and, more " -"importantly, lose the drive that propels him to create. “My political work " -"is a different expression of the same artistic-political urge,” he said. “I " -"have this suspicion that if I gave up the things that didn’t make me money, " -"the genuineness would leach out of what I do, and the quality that causes " -"people to like what I do would be gone.”" +"importantly, lose the drive that propels him to create. <quote>My political " +"work is a different expression of the same artistic-political urge,</quote> " +"he said. <quote>I have this suspicion that if I gave up the things that " +"didn’t make me money, the genuineness would leach out of what I do, and the " +"quality that causes people to like what I do would be gone.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4445 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4452 msgid "" "Cory has been financially successful, but money is not his primary " "motivation. At the start of his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, he " "stresses how important it is not to become an artist if your goal is to get " -"rich. “Entering the arts because you want to get rich is like buying lottery " -"tickets because you want to get rich,” he wrote. “It might work, but it " -"almost certainly won’t. Though, of course, someone always wins the " -"lottery.” He acknowledges that he is one of the lucky few to “make it,” but " -"he says he would be writing no matter what. “I am compelled to write,” he " -"wrote. “Long before I wrote to keep myself fed and sheltered, I was writing " -"to keep myself sane.”" +"rich. <quote>Entering the arts because you want to get rich is like buying " +"lottery tickets because you want to get rich,</quote> he wrote. <quote>It " +"might work, but it almost certainly won’t. Though, of course, someone always " +"wins the lottery.</quote> He acknowledges that he is one of the lucky few to " +"<quote>make it,</quote> but he says he would be writing no matter what. " +"<quote>I am compelled to write,</quote> he wrote. <quote>Long before I " +"wrote to keep myself fed and sheltered, I was writing to keep myself sane.</" +"quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4458 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4466 msgid "" "Just as money is not his primary motivation to create, money is not his " "primary motivation to share. For Cory, sharing his work with Creative " -"Commons is a moral imperative. “It felt morally right,” he said of his " -"decision to adopt Creative Commons licenses. “I felt like I wasn’t " -"contributing to the culture of surveillance and censorship that has been " -"created to try to stop copying.” In other words, using CC licenses " -"symbolizes his worldview." +"Commons is a moral imperative. <quote>It felt morally right,</quote> he said " +"of his decision to adopt Creative Commons licenses. <quote>I felt like I " +"wasn’t contributing to the culture of surveillance and censorship that has " +"been created to try to stop copying.</quote> In other words, using CC " +"licenses symbolizes his worldview." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4468 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4476 msgid "" "He also feels like there is a solid commercial basis for licensing his work " "with Creative Commons. While he acknowledges he hasn’t been able to do a " "controlled experiment to compare the commercial benefits of licensing with " "CC against reserving all rights, he thinks he has sold more books using a CC " "license than he would have without it. Cory says his goal is to convince " -"people they should pay him for his work. “I started by not calling them " -"thieves,” he said." +"people they should pay him for his work. <quote>I started by not calling " +"them thieves,</quote> he said." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4478 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4486 msgid "" "Cory started using CC licenses soon after they were first created. At the " "time his first novel came out, he says the science fiction genre was overrun " "with people scanning and downloading books without permission. When he and " "his publisher took a closer look at who was doing that sort of thing online, " -"they realized it looked a lot like book promotion. “I knew there was a " +"they realized it looked a lot like book promotion. <quote>I knew there was a " "relationship between having enthusiastic readers and having a successful " -"career as a writer,” he said. “At the time, it took eighty hours to OCR a " -"book, which is a big effort. I decided to spare them the time and energy, " -"and give them the book for free in a format destined to spread.”" +"career as a writer,</quote> he said. <quote>At the time, it took eighty " +"hours to OCR a book, which is a big effort. I decided to spare them the time " +"and energy, and give them the book for free in a format destined to spread.</" +"quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4491 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4499 msgid "" "Cory admits the stakes were pretty low for him when he first adopted " "Creative Commons licenses. He only had to sell two thousand copies of his " @@ -5786,33 +5851,34 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4499 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4507 msgid "" "The bottom line, Cory says, is that no one has found a way to prevent people " "from copying the stuff they like. Rather than fighting the tide, Cory makes " -"his work intrinsically shareable. “Getting the hell out of the way for " -"people who want to share their love of you with other people sounds obvious, " -"but it’s remarkable how many people don’t do it,” he said." +"his work intrinsically shareable. <quote>Getting the hell out of the way " +"for people who want to share their love of you with other people sounds " +"obvious, but it’s remarkable how many people don’t do it,</quote> he said." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4507 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4515 msgid "" "Making his work available under Creative Commons licenses enables him to " -"view his biggest fans as his ambassadors. “Being open to fan activity makes " -"you part of the conversation about what fans do with your work and how they " -"interact with it,” he said. Cory’s own website routinely highlights cool " -"things his audience has done with his work. Unlike corporations like Disney " -"that tend to have a hands-off relationship with their fan activity, he has a " -"symbiotic relationship with his audience. “Engaging with your audience can’t " -"guarantee you success,” he said. “And Disney is an example of being able to " -"remain aloof and still being the most successful company in the creative " -"industry in history. But I figure my likelihood of being Disney is pretty " -"slim, so I should take all the help I can get.”" +"view his biggest fans as his ambassadors. <quote>Being open to fan activity " +"makes you part of the conversation about what fans do with your work and how " +"they interact with it,</quote> he said. Cory’s own website routinely " +"highlights cool things his audience has done with his work. Unlike " +"corporations like Disney that tend to have a hands-off relationship with " +"their fan activity, he has a symbiotic relationship with his audience. " +"<quote>Engaging with your audience can’t guarantee you success,</quote> he " +"said. <quote>And Disney is an example of being able to remain aloof and " +"still being the most successful company in the creative industry in history. " +"But I figure my likelihood of being Disney is pretty slim, so I should take " +"all the help I can get.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4522 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4530 msgid "" "His first book was published under the most restrictive Creative Commons " "license, Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC BY-NC-ND). It allows only " @@ -5828,7 +5894,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4537 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4545 msgid "" "In his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, Cory likens his philosophy " "to thinking like a dandelion. Dandelions produce thousands of seeds each " @@ -5836,41 +5902,41 @@ msgid "" "strategy is to maximize the number of blind chances the dandelion has for " "continuing its genetic line. Similarly, he says there are lots of people out " "there who may want to buy creative work or compensate authors for it in some " -"other way. “The more places your work can find itself, the greater the " +"other way. <quote>The more places your work can find itself, the greater the " "likelihood that it will find one of those would-be customers in some " -"unsuspected crack in the metaphorical pavement,” he wrote. “The copies that " -"others make of my work cost me nothing, and present the possibility that " -"I’ll get something.”" +"unsuspected crack in the metaphorical pavement,</quote> he wrote. <quote>The " +"copies that others make of my work cost me nothing, and present the " +"possibility that I’ll get something.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4551 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4560 msgid "" "Applying a CC license to his work increases the chances it will be shared " -"more widely around the Web. He avoids DRM—and openly opposes the " -"practice—for similar reasons. DRM has the effect of tying a work to a " -"particular platform. This digital lock, in turn, strips the authors of " -"control over their own work and hands that control over to the platform. He " -"calls it Cory’s First Law: “Anytime someone puts a lock on something that " +"more widely around the Web. He avoids DRM—and openly opposes the practice—" +"for similar reasons. DRM has the effect of tying a work to a particular " +"platform. This digital lock, in turn, strips the authors of control over " +"their own work and hands that control over to the platform. He calls it " +"Cory’s First Law: <quote>Anytime someone puts a lock on something that " "belongs to you and won’t give you the key, that lock isn’t there for your " -"benefit.”" +"benefit.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4561 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4571 msgid "" "Cory operates under the premise that artists benefit when there are more, " "rather than fewer, places where people can access their work. The Internet " -"has opened up those avenues, but DRM is designed to limit them. “On the one " -"hand, we can credibly make our work available to a widely dispersed " -"audience,” he said. “On the other hand, the intermediaries we historically " -"sold to are making it harder to go around them.” Cory continually looks for " -"ways to reach his audience without relying upon major platforms that will " -"try to take control over his work." +"has opened up those avenues, but DRM is designed to limit them. <quote>On " +"the one hand, we can credibly make our work available to a widely dispersed " +"audience,</quote> he said. <quote>On the other hand, the intermediaries we " +"historically sold to are making it harder to go around them.</quote> Cory " +"continually looks for ways to reach his audience without relying upon major " +"platforms that will try to take control over his work." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4572 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4582 msgid "" "Cory says his e-book sales have been lower than those of his competitors, " "and he attributes some of that to the CC license making the work available " @@ -5883,40 +5949,40 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4583 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4593 msgid "" "Fans are particularly willing to pay when they feel personally connected to " "the artist. Cory works hard to create that personal connection. One way he " -"does this is by personally answering every single email he gets. “If you " -"look at the history of artists, most die in penury,” he said. “That reality " -"means that for artists, we have to find ways to support ourselves when " -"public tastes shift, when copyright stops producing. Future-proofing your " -"artistic career in many ways means figuring out how to stay connected to " -"those people who have been touched by your work.”" +"does this is by personally answering every single email he gets. <quote>If " +"you look at the history of artists, most die in penury,</quote> he said. " +"<quote>That reality means that for artists, we have to find ways to support " +"ourselves when public tastes shift, when copyright stops producing. Future-" +"proofing your artistic career in many ways means figuring out how to stay " +"connected to those people who have been touched by your work.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4594 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4605 msgid "" "Cory’s realism about the difficulty of making a living in the arts does not " "reflect pessimism about the Internet age. Instead, he says the fact that it " "is hard to make a living as an artist is nothing new. What is new, he writes " -"in his book, “is how many ways there are to make things, and to get them " -"into other people’s hands and minds.”" +"in his book, <quote>is how many ways there are to make things, and to get " +"them into other people’s hands and minds.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4602 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4613 msgid "It has never been easier to think like a dandelion." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4606 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4617 msgid "Figshare" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4609 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4620 msgid "" "Figshare is a for-profit company offering an online repository where " "researchers can preserve and share the output of their research, including " @@ -5924,42 +5990,42 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4615 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4626 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://figshare.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4617 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4628 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: platform providing paid " "services to creators" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4620 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4631 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: January 28, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4623 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4634 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Mark Hahnel, founder" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4631 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4642 msgid "" "Figshare’s mission is to change the face of academic publishing through " "improved dissemination, discoverability, and reusability of scholarly " "research. Figshare is a repository where users can make all the output of " -"their research available—from posters and presentations to data sets and " -"code—in a way that’s easy to discover, cite, and share. Users can upload any " +"their research available—from posters and presentations to data sets and code" +"—in a way that’s easy to discover, cite, and share. Users can upload any " "file format, which can then be previewed in a Web browser. Research output " "is disseminated in a way that the current scholarly-publishing model does " "not allow." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4642 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4653 msgid "" "Figshare founder Mark Hahnel often gets asked: How do you make money? How do " "we know you’ll be here in five years? Can you, as a for-profit venture, be " @@ -5967,7 +6033,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4647 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4658 msgid "" "Mark traces the origins of Figshare back to when he was a graduate student " "getting his PhD in stem cell biology. His research involved working with " @@ -5978,7 +6044,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4656 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4667 msgid "" "Mark does not consider himself an advanced software programmer. " "Fortunately, things like cloud-based computing and wikis had become " @@ -5987,7 +6053,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4663 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4674 msgid "" "There were two key needs: licenses to make the data citable, and persistent " "identifiers— URL links that always point back to the original object " @@ -5995,7 +6061,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4669 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4680 msgid "" "Mark chose Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs) to meet the need for a " "persistent identifier. In the DOI system, an object’s metadata is stored as " @@ -6006,26 +6072,26 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4678 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4689 msgid "" -"As for licenses, Mark chose Creative Commons. The open-access and " -"open-science communities were already using and recommending Creative " -"Commons. Based on what was happening in those communities and Mark’s " -"dialogue with peers, he went with CC0 (in the public domain) for data sets " -"and CC BY (Attribution) for figures, videos, and data sets." +"As for licenses, Mark chose Creative Commons. The open-access and open-" +"science communities were already using and recommending Creative Commons. " +"Based on what was happening in those communities and Mark’s dialogue with " +"peers, he went with CC0 (in the public domain) for data sets and CC BY " +"(Attribution) for figures, videos, and data sets." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4686 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4697 msgid "" "So Mark began using DOIs and Creative Commons for his own research work. He " -"had a science blog where he wrote about it and made all his data " -"open. People started commenting on his blog that they wanted to do the " -"same. So he opened it up for them to use, too." +"had a science blog where he wrote about it and made all his data open. " +"People started commenting on his blog that they wanted to do the same. So he " +"opened it up for them to use, too." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4692 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4703 msgid "" "People liked the interface and simple upload process. People started asking " "if they could also share theses, grant proposals, and code. Inclusion of " @@ -6035,7 +6101,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4700 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4711 msgid "" "Mark sought investment to make this into a scalable product. After a few " "unsuccessful funding pitches, UK-based Digital Science expressed interest " @@ -6044,7 +6110,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4707 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4718 msgid "" "Under the freemium model, academics upload their research to Figshare for " "storage and sharing for free. Each research object is licensed with Creative " @@ -6052,12 +6118,12 @@ msgid "" "fee for gigabytes of private storage space, and for private online space " "designed for a set number of research collaborators, which is ideal for " "larger teams and geographically dispersed research groups. Figshare sums up " -"its value proposition to researchers as “You retain ownership. You license " -"it. You get credit. We just make sure it persists.”" +"its value proposition to researchers as <quote>You retain ownership. You " +"license it. You get credit. We just make sure it persists.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4718 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4730 msgid "" "In January 2012, Figshare was launched. (The fig in Figshare stands for " "figures.) Using investment funds, Mark made significant improvements to " @@ -6069,23 +6135,23 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4728 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4740 msgid "" -"Figshare diversified its business model to include services for " -"journals. Figshare began hosting large amounts of data for the journals’ " -"online articles. This additional data improved the quality of the " -"articles. Outsourcing this service to Figshare freed publishers from having " -"to develop this functionality as part of their own " -"infrastructure. Figshare-hosted data also provides a link back to the " -"article, generating additional click-through and readership—a benefit to " -"both journal publishers and researchers. Figshare now provides " -"research-data infrastructure for a wide variety of publishers including " -"Wiley, Springer Nature, PLOS, and Taylor and Francis, to name a few, and has " -"convinced them to use Creative Commons licenses for the data." +"Figshare diversified its business model to include services for journals. " +"Figshare began hosting large amounts of data for the journals’ online " +"articles. This additional data improved the quality of the articles. " +"Outsourcing this service to Figshare freed publishers from having to develop " +"this functionality as part of their own infrastructure. Figshare-hosted data " +"also provides a link back to the article, generating additional click-" +"through and readership—a benefit to both journal publishers and " +"researchers. Figshare now provides research-data infrastructure for a wide " +"variety of publishers including Wiley, Springer Nature, PLOS, and Taylor and " +"Francis, to name a few, and has convinced them to use Creative Commons " +"licenses for the data." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4742 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4754 msgid "" "Governments allocate significant public funds to research. In parallel with " "the launch of Figshare, governments around the world began requesting the " @@ -6097,7 +6163,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4752 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4764 msgid "" "Figshare now offers a range of fee-based services to institutions, including " "their own minibranded Figshare space (called Figshare for Institutions) that " @@ -6109,7 +6175,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4762 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4774 msgid "" "As with researchers and publishers, Fig-share encouraged institutions to " "share their research with CC BY (Attribution) and their data with CC0 (into " @@ -6118,12 +6184,12 @@ msgid "" "research accessible to all. Publishing research in this open way has come to " "be called open access. But not all funders specify CC BY; some institutions " "want to offer their researchers a choice, including less permissive licenses " -"like CC BY-NC (Attribution-NonCommercial), CC BY-SA " -"(Attribution-ShareAlike), or CC BY-ND (Attribution-NoDerivs)." +"like CC BY-NC (Attribution-NonCommercial), CC BY-SA (Attribution-" +"ShareAlike), or CC BY-ND (Attribution-NoDerivs)." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4775 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4787 msgid "" "For Mark this created a conflict. On the one hand, the principles and " "benefits of open science are at the heart of Figshare, and Mark believes CC " @@ -6135,7 +6201,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4785 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4797 msgid "" "Mark is thinking of doing a Figshare study that tracks research " "dissemination according to Creative Commons license, and gathering metrics " @@ -6146,67 +6212,67 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4798 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4810 msgid "" -"<ulink " -"url=\"http://figshare.com/articles/Journal_subscription_costs_FOIs_to_UK_universities/1186832\"/>" +"<ulink url=\"http://figshare.com/articles/" +"Journal_subscription_costs_FOIs_to_UK_universities/1186832\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4801 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4813 msgid "" -"<ulink " -"url=\"http://retr0.shinyapps.io/journal_costs/?year=2014&inst=19,22,38,42,59,64,80,95,136\"/>" +"<ulink url=\"http://retr0.shinyapps.io/journal_costs/?year=2014&" +"inst=19,22,38,42,59,64,80,95,136\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4793 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4805 msgid "" "Figshare has an Application Programming Interface (API) that makes it " -"possible for data to be pulled from Figshare and used in other " -"applications. As an example, Mark shared a Figshare data set showing the " -"journal subscriptions that higher-education institutions in the United " -"Kingdom paid to ten major publishers.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " -"id=\"0\"/> Figshare’s API enables that data to be pulled into an app " -"developed by a completely different researcher that converts the data into a " -"visually interesting graph, which any viewer can alter by changing any of " -"the variables.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" +"possible for data to be pulled from Figshare and used in other applications. " +"As an example, Mark shared a Figshare data set showing the journal " +"subscriptions that higher-education institutions in the United Kingdom paid " +"to ten major publishers.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Figshare’s " +"API enables that data to be pulled into an app developed by a completely " +"different researcher that converts the data into a visually interesting " +"graph, which any viewer can alter by changing any of the variables." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4804 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4816 msgid "" "The free version of Figshare has built a community of academics, who through " "word of mouth and presentations have promoted and spread awareness of " "Figshare. To amplify and reward the community, Figshare established an " -"Advisor program, providing those who promoted Figshare with hoodies and " -"T-shirts, early access to new features, and travel expenses when they gave " +"Advisor program, providing those who promoted Figshare with hoodies and T-" +"shirts, early access to new features, and travel expenses when they gave " "presentations outside of their area. These Advisors also helped Mark on what " "license to use for software code and whether to offer universities an option " "of using Creative Commons licenses." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4819 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4831 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://figshare.com/features\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4815 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4827 msgid "" "Mark says his success is partly about being in the right place at the right " "time. He also believes that the diversification of Figshare’s model over " "time has been key to success. Figshare now offers a comprehensive set of " -"services to researchers, publishers, and institutions.<placeholder " -"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> If he had relied solely on revenue from premium " +"services to researchers, publishers, and institutions.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> If he had relied solely on revenue from premium " "subscriptions, he believes Figshare would have struggled. In Figshare’s " -"early days, their primary users were early-career and late-career " -"academics. It has only been because funders mandated open licensing that " -"Figshare is now being used by the mainstream." +"early days, their primary users were early-career and late-career academics. " +"It has only been because funders mandated open licensing that Figshare is " +"now being used by the mainstream." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4826 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4838 msgid "" "Today Figshare has 26 million–plus page views, 7.5 million–plus downloads, " "800,000–plus user uploads, 2 million–plus articles, 500,000-plus " @@ -6216,28 +6282,27 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4834 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4846 msgid "" "Figshare uses the revenue it generates from the premium subscribers, journal " "publishers, and institutions to fund and expand what it can offer to " "researchers for free. Figshare has publicly stuck to its principles—keeping " -"the free service free and requiring the use of CC BY and CC0 from the " -"start—and from Mark’s perspective, this is why people trust Figshare. Mark " -"sees new competitors coming forward who are just in it for money. If " -"Figshare was only in it for the money, they wouldn’t care about offering a " -"free version. Figshare’s principles and advocacy for openness are a key " -"differentiator. Going forward, Mark sees Figshare not only as supporting " -"open access to research but also enabling people to collaborate and make new " -"discoveries." +"the free service free and requiring the use of CC BY and CC0 from the start—" +"and from Mark’s perspective, this is why people trust Figshare. Mark sees " +"new competitors coming forward who are just in it for money. If Figshare was " +"only in it for the money, they wouldn’t care about offering a free version. " +"Figshare’s principles and advocacy for openness are a key differentiator. " +"Going forward, Mark sees Figshare not only as supporting open access to " +"research but also enabling people to collaborate and make new discoveries." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4849 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4861 msgid "Figure.NZ" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4852 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4864 msgid "" "Figure.NZ is a nonprofit charity that makes an online data platform designed " "to make data reusable and easy to understand. Founded in 2012 in New " @@ -6245,70 +6310,71 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4857 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4869 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://figure.nz\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4859 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4871 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: platform providing paid " "services to creators, donations, sponsorships" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4862 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4874 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: May 3, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4864 -msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Lillian Grace, founder" +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4876 +msgid "" +"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Lillian Grace, founder" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4873 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4885 msgid "" -"<ulink " -"url=\"http://www.nzdatafutures.org.nz/sites/default/files/NZDFF_harness-the-power.pdf\"/>" +"<ulink url=\"http://www.nzdatafutures.org.nz/sites/default/files/" +"NZDFF_harness-the-power.pdf\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4872 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4884 msgid "" "In the paper Harnessing the Economic and Social Power of Data presented at " -"the New Zealand Data Futures Forum in 2014,<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " -"id=\"0\"/> Figure.NZ founder Lillian Grace said there are thousands of " -"valuable and relevant data sets freely available to us right now, but most " -"people don’t use them. She used to think this meant people didn’t care about " -"being informed, but she’s come to see that she was wrong. Almost everyone " -"wants to be informed about issues that matter—not only to them, but also to " -"their families, their communities, their businesses, and their country. But " +"the New Zealand Data Futures Forum in 2014,<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" +"\"0\"/> Figure.NZ founder Lillian Grace said there are thousands of valuable " +"and relevant data sets freely available to us right now, but most people " +"don’t use them. She used to think this meant people didn’t care about being " +"informed, but she’s come to see that she was wrong. Almost everyone wants to " +"be informed about issues that matter—not only to them, but also to their " +"families, their communities, their businesses, and their country. But " "there’s a big difference between availability and accessibility of " "information. Data is spread across thousands of sites and is held within " -"databases and spreadsheets that require both time and skill to engage " -"with. To use data when making a decision, you have to know what specific " -"question to ask, identify a source that has collected the data, and " -"manipulate complex tools to extract and visualize the information within the " -"data set. Lillian established Figure.NZ to make data truly accessible to " -"all, with a specific focus on New Zealand." +"databases and spreadsheets that require both time and skill to engage with. " +"To use data when making a decision, you have to know what specific question " +"to ask, identify a source that has collected the data, and manipulate " +"complex tools to extract and visualize the information within the data set. " +"Lillian established Figure.NZ to make data truly accessible to all, with a " +"specific focus on New Zealand." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4891 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4903 msgid "" "Lillian had the idea for Figure.NZ in February 2012 while working for the " "New Zealand Institute, a think tank concerned with improving economic " "prosperity, social well-being, environmental quality, and environmental " "productivity for New Zealand and New Zealanders. While giving talks to " -"community and business groups, Lillian realized “every single issue we " +"community and business groups, Lillian realized <quote>every single issue we " "addressed would have been easier to deal with if more people understood the " -"basic facts.” But understanding the basic facts sometimes requires data and " -"research that you often have to pay for." +"basic facts.</quote> But understanding the basic facts sometimes requires " +"data and research that you often have to pay for." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4902 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4914 msgid "" "Lillian began to imagine a website that lifted data up to a visual form that " "could be easily understood and freely accessed. Initially launched as Wiki " @@ -6323,7 +6389,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4916 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4928 msgid "" "Here’s how it works. Figure.NZ sources data from other organizations, " "including corporations, public repositories, government departments, and " @@ -6341,14 +6407,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4942 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4954 msgid "" -"<ulink " -"url=\"http://www.ict.govt.nz/guidance-and-resources/open-government/new-zealand-government-open-access-and-licensing-nzgoal-framework/\"/>" +"<ulink url=\"http://www.ict.govt.nz/guidance-and-resources/open-government/" +"new-zealand-government-open-access-and-licensing-nzgoal-framework/\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4933 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4945 msgid "" "Lillian characterizes the initial decision to use Creative Commons as " "naively fortunate. It was first recommended to her by a colleague. Lillian " @@ -6366,7 +6432,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4949 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4961 msgid "" "Lillian thinks current ideas of what a business is are relatively new, only " "a hundred years old or so. She’s convinced that twenty years from now, we " @@ -6381,7 +6447,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4962 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4974 msgid "" "Although Figure.NZ is a social enterprise that openly licenses their data " "and graphs for everyone to use for free, they have taken care not to be " @@ -6401,7 +6467,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4981 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4993 msgid "" "Figure.NZ spends a lot of time seeking to understand the motivations of data " "collectors and to identify the channels where it can provide value. Every " @@ -6410,7 +6476,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4987 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4999 msgid "" "Figure.NZ has multiple lines of business. They provide commercial services " "to organizations that want their data publicly available and want to use " @@ -6427,27 +6493,27 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5003 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5015 msgid "" "Lillian notes that the current state of most data is terrible and often not " "well understood by the people who have it. This sometimes makes it difficult " "for customers and Figure.NZ to figure out what it would cost to import, " "standardize, and display that data in a useful way. To deal with this, " -"Figure.NZ uses “high-trust contracts,” where customers allocate a certain " -"budget to the task that Figure.NZ is then free to draw from, as long as " -"Figure.NZ frequently reports on what they’ve produced so the customer can " -"determine the value for money. This strategy has helped build trust and " -"transparency about the level of effort associated with doing work that has " -"never been done before." +"Figure.NZ uses <quote>high-trust contracts,</quote> where customers allocate " +"a certain budget to the task that Figure.NZ is then free to draw from, as " +"long as Figure.NZ frequently reports on what they’ve produced so the " +"customer can determine the value for money. This strategy has helped build " +"trust and transparency about the level of effort associated with doing work " +"that has never been done before." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5021 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5034 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://figure.nz/business/\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5016 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5029 msgid "" "A second line of business is what Figure.NZ calls partners. ASB Bank and " "Statistics New Zealand are partners who back Figure.NZ’s efforts. As one " @@ -6457,12 +6523,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5024 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5037 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://figure.nz/patrons/\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5024 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5037 msgid "" "Figure.NZ also has patrons.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Patrons " "donate to topic areas they care about, directly enabling Figure.NZ to get " @@ -6471,7 +6537,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5030 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5043 msgid "" "Figure.NZ also accepts philanthropic donations, which are used to provide " "more content, extend technology, and improve services, or are targeted to " @@ -6480,7 +6546,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5036 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5049 msgid "" "Figure.NZ has morphed and grown over time. With data aggregation, curation, " "and visualizing services all in-house, Figure.NZ has developed a deep " @@ -6494,7 +6560,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5048 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5061 msgid "" "Figure.NZ’s website displays visuals and data associated with a wide range " "of categories including crime, economy, education, employment, energy, " @@ -6506,7 +6572,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5058 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5071 msgid "" "Figure.NZ believes data and visuals should be useful. They provide their " "customers with a data collection template and teach them why it’s important " @@ -6515,14 +6581,13 @@ msgid "" "through email for them to share data for a specific topic—for example, can " "you share data for water quality? If they have the data, they respond " "quickly; if they don’t, they try and identify the organizations that would " -"have that data and forge a relationship so they can be included on " -"Figure.NZ’s site. Overall, Figure.NZ is seeking to provide a place for " -"people to be curious about, access, and interpret data on topics they are " -"interested in." +"have that data and forge a relationship so they can be included on Figure." +"NZ’s site. Overall, Figure.NZ is seeking to provide a place for people to be " +"curious about, access, and interpret data on topics they are interested in." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5072 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5085 msgid "" "Lillian has a deep and profound vision for Figure.NZ that goes well beyond " "simply providing open-data services. She says things are different now. “We " @@ -6533,7 +6598,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5081 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5094 msgid "" "“But now we live in a world where it’s really easy to share information " "widely and also to communicate widely. In the world we live in now, the best " @@ -6541,7 +6606,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5087 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5100 msgid "" "“The use of numbers and data as a way of making well-informed decisions is " "one of the areas where there is the biggest gaps. We don’t really use " @@ -6549,7 +6614,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5093 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5106 msgid "" "“Part of the reason is the way data is spread across hundreds of sites. In " "addition, for the most part, deep thinking based on data is constrained to " @@ -6562,7 +6627,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5104 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5117 msgid "" "“Figure.NZ may be the first organization to assert that everyone can use " "numbers in their thinking, and it’s built a technological platform along " @@ -6571,65 +6636,67 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5111 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5124 msgid "" -"“Figure.NZ sees this as a new kind of alphabet that can help people analyze " -"what they see around them. A way to be thoughtful and informed about " +"<quote>Figure.NZ sees this as a new kind of alphabet that can help people " +"analyze what they see around them. A way to be thoughtful and informed about " "society. A means of engaging in conversation and shaping decision making " "that transcends personal experience. The long-term value and impact is " "almost impossible to measure, but the goal is to help citizens gain " -"understanding and work together in more informed ways to shape the future.”" +"understanding and work together in more informed ways to shape the future.</" +"quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5120 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5133 msgid "" "Lillian sees Figure.NZ’s model as having global potential. But for now, " "their focus is completely on making Figure.NZ work in New Zealand and to get " -"the “network effect”— users dramatically increasing value for themselves and " -"for others through use of their service. Creative Commons is core to making " -"the network effect possible." +"the <quote>network effect</quote>— users dramatically increasing value for " +"themselves and for others through use of their service. Creative Commons is " +"core to making the network effect possible." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5129 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5142 msgid "Knowledge Unlatched" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5132 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5145 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched is a not-for-profit community interest company that " -"brings libraries together to pool funds to publish open-access " -"books. Founded in 2012 in the UK." +"brings libraries together to pool funds to publish open-access books. " +"Founded in 2012 in the UK." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5137 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5150 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://knowledgeunlatched.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5139 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5152 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: crowdfunding " "(specialized)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5142 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5155 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 26, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5145 -msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Frances Pinter, founder" +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5158 +msgid "" +"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Frances Pinter, founder" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5153 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5166 msgid "" -"The serial entrepreneur Dr. Frances Pinter has been at the forefront of " +"The serial entrepreneur Dr. Frances Pinter has been at the forefront of " "innovation in the publishing industry for nearly forty years. She founded " "the UK-based Knowledge Unlatched with a mission to enable open access to " "scholarly books. For Frances, the current scholarly- book-publishing system " @@ -6644,16 +6711,16 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5169 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5182 msgid "" -"Dr. Pinter has been in academic publishing most of her career. About ten " +"Dr. Pinter has been in academic publishing most of her career. About ten " "years ago, she became acquainted with the Creative Commons founder Lawrence " "Lessig and got interested in Creative Commons as a tool for both protecting " "content online and distributing it free to users." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5176 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5189 msgid "" "Not long after, she ran a project in Africa convincing publishers in Uganda " "and South Africa to put some of their content online for free using a " @@ -6662,57 +6729,57 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5182 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5195 msgid "" "In 2008, Bloomsbury Academic, a new imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing in the " "United Kingdom, appointed her its founding publisher in London. As part of " "the launch, Frances convinced Bloomsbury to differentiate themselves by " -"putting out monographs for free online under a Creative Commons license " -"(BY-NC or BY-NC-ND, i.e., Attribution-NonCommercial or " -"Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs). This was seen as risky, as the biggest " -"cost for publishers is getting a book to the stage where it can be " -"printed. If everyone read the online book for free, there would be no " -"print-book sales at all, and the costs associated with getting the book to " -"print would be lost. Surprisingly, Bloomsbury found that sales of the print " -"versions of these books were 10 to 20 percent higher than normal. Frances " -"found it intriguing that the Creative Commons–licensed free online book acts " -"as a marketing vehicle for the print format." +"putting out monographs for free online under a Creative Commons license (BY-" +"NC or BY-NC-ND, i.e., Attribution-NonCommercial or Attribution-NonCommercial-" +"NoDerivs). This was seen as risky, as the biggest cost for publishers is " +"getting a book to the stage where it can be printed. If everyone read the " +"online book for free, there would be no print-book sales at all, and the " +"costs associated with getting the book to print would be lost. " +"Surprisingly, Bloomsbury found that sales of the print versions of these " +"books were 10 to 20 percent higher than normal. Frances found it intriguing " +"that the Creative Commons–licensed free online book acts as a marketing " +"vehicle for the print format." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5199 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5212 msgid "" "Frances began to look at customer interest in the three forms of the book: " "1) the Creative Commons–licensed free online book in PDF form, 2) the " "printed book, and 3) a digital version of the book on an aggregator platform " -"with enhanced features. She thought of this as the “ice cream model”: the " -"free PDF was vanilla ice cream, the printed book was an ice cream cone, and " -"the enhanced e-book was an ice cream sundae." +"with enhanced features. She thought of this as the <quote>ice cream model</" +"quote>: the free PDF was vanilla ice cream, the printed book was an ice " +"cream cone, and the enhanced e-book was an ice cream sundae." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5208 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5221 msgid "" "After a while, Frances had an epiphany—what if there was a way to get " "libraries to underwrite the costs of making these books up until they’re " "ready be printed, in other words, cover the fixed costs of getting to the " "first digital copy? Then you could either bring down the cost of the printed " -"book, or do a whole bunch of interesting things with the printed book and " -"e-book—the ice cream cone or sundae part of the model." +"book, or do a whole bunch of interesting things with the printed book and e-" +"book—the ice cream cone or sundae part of the model." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5217 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5230 msgid "" "This idea is similar to the article-processing charge some open-access " "journals charge researchers to cover publishing costs. Frances began to " -"imagine a coalition of libraries paying for the prepress costs—a " -"“book-processing charge”—and providing everyone in the world with an " -"open-access version of the books released under a Creative Commons license." +"imagine a coalition of libraries paying for the prepress costs—a <quote>book-" +"processing charge</quote>—and providing everyone in the world with an open-" +"access version of the books released under a Creative Commons license." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5225 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5238 msgid "" "This idea really took hold in her mind. She didn’t really have a name for it " "but began talking about it and making presentations to see if there was " @@ -6725,35 +6792,35 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5236 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5249 msgid "" "She describes the business model in a paper called Knowledge Unlatched: " "Toward an Open and Networked Future for Academic Publishing:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5243 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5256 msgid "" "Publishers offer titles for sale reflecting origination costs only via " "Knowledge Unlatched." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5249 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5262 msgid "" "Individual libraries select titles either as individual titles or as " "collections (as they do from library suppliers now)." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5255 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5268 msgid "" "Their selections are sent to Knowledge Unlatched specifying the titles to be " "purchased at the stated price(s)." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5261 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5274 msgid "" "The price, called a Title Fee (set by publishers and negotiated by Knowledge " "Unlatched), is paid to publishers to cover the fixed costs of publishing " @@ -6762,7 +6829,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5270 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5283 msgid "" "Publishers make the selected titles available Open Access (on a Creative " "Commons or similar open license) and are then paid the Title Fee which is " @@ -6770,21 +6837,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5280 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5293 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.pinter.org.uk/pdfs/Toward_an_Open.pdf\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5277 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5290 msgid "" "Publishers make print copies, e-Pub, and other digital versions of selected " "titles available to member libraries at a discount that reflects their " -"contribution to the Title Fee and incentivizes membership.<placeholder " -"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"contribution to the Title Fee and incentivizes membership.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5285 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5298 msgid "" "The first round of this model resulted in a collection of twenty-eight " "current titles from thirteen recognized scholarly publishers being " @@ -6796,14 +6863,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5296 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5309 msgid "" -"<ulink " -"url=\"http://collections.knowledgeunlatched.org/collection-availability-1/\"/>" +"<ulink url=\"http://collections.knowledgeunlatched.org/collection-" +"availability-1/\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5295 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5308 msgid "" "The open-access, Creative Commons versions of these twenty-eight books are " "still available online.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Most books " @@ -6817,7 +6884,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5306 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5319 msgid "" "There are three cost variables to consider for each round: the overall cost " "incurred by the publishers, total cost for each library to acquire all the " @@ -6830,7 +6897,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5318 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5331 msgid "" "The second round, recently completed, unlatched seventy-eight books from " "twenty-six publishers. For this round, Frances was experimenting with the " @@ -6846,7 +6913,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5333 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5346 msgid "" "The longest part of the whole process is getting libraries to pledge and " "commit funds. It takes about five months, as library buy-in has to fit " @@ -6854,7 +6921,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5339 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5352 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched informs and recruits libraries through social media, " "mailing lists, listservs, and library associations. Of the three hundred " @@ -6866,7 +6933,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5349 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5362 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched is scaling up, offering 150 new titles in the second " "half of 2016. It will also offer backlist titles, and in 2017 will start to " @@ -6874,7 +6941,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5354 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5367 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched deliberately chose monographs as the initial type of " "book to unlatch. Monographs are foundational and important, but also " @@ -6882,24 +6949,25 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5360 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5373 msgid "" "The cost for the publisher to get to a first digital copy of a monograph is " -"$5,000 to $50,000. A good one costs in the $10,000 to $15,000 " -"range. Monographs typically don’t sell a lot of copies. A publisher who in " -"the past sold three thousand copies now typically sells only three " -"hundred. That makes unlatching monographs a low risk for publishers. For the " -"first round, it took five months to get thirteen publishers. For the second " -"round, it took one month to get twenty-six." +"$5,000 to $50,000. A good one costs in the $10,000 to $15,000 range. " +"Monographs typically don’t sell a lot of copies. A publisher who in the past " +"sold three thousand copies now typically sells only three hundred. That " +"makes unlatching monographs a low risk for publishers. For the first round, " +"it took five months to get thirteen publishers. For the second round, it " +"took one month to get twenty-six." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5377 -msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.knowledgeunlatched.org/featured-authors-section/\"/>" +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5390 +msgid "" +"<ulink url=\"http://www.knowledgeunlatched.org/featured-authors-section/\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5370 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5383 msgid "" "Authors don’t generally make a lot of royalties from monographs. Royalties " "range from zero dollars to 5 to 10 percent of receipts. The value to the " @@ -6907,12 +6975,12 @@ msgid "" "increases their reputation. Open access through unlatching generates many " "more downloads and therefore awareness. (On the Knowledge Unlatched website, " "you can find interviews with the twenty-eight round-one authors describing " -"their experience and the benefits of taking part.)<placeholder " -"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"their experience and the benefits of taking part.)<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5380 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5393 msgid "" "Library budgets are constantly being squeezed, partly due to the inflation " "of journal subscriptions. But even without budget constraints, academic " @@ -6924,7 +6992,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5391 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5404 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched offers libraries a compelling economic argument. Many of " "the participating libraries would have bought a copy of the monograph " @@ -6934,7 +7002,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5399 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5412 msgid "" "Not only do the economics make sense, but there is very strong alignment " "with library mandates. The participating libraries pay less than they would " @@ -6942,33 +7010,33 @@ msgid "" "libraries. While this means nonparticipating libraries could be seen as free " "riders, in the library world, wealthy libraries are used to paying more than " "poor libraries and accept that part of their money should be spent to " -"support open access. “Free ride” is more like community responsibility. By " -"the end of March 2016, the round-one books had been downloaded nearly eighty " -"thousand times in 175 countries." +"support open access. <quote>Free ride</quote> is more like community " +"responsibility. By the end of March 2016, the round-one books had been " +"downloaded nearly eighty thousand times in 175 countries." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5411 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5425 msgid "" "For publishers, authors, and librarians, the Knowledge Unlatched model for " "monographs is a win-win-win." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5415 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5429 msgid "" -"In the first round, Knowledge Unlatched’s overheads were covered by " -"grants. In the second round, they aim to demonstrate the model is " -"sustainable. Libraries and publishers will each pay a 7.5 percent service " -"charge that will go toward Knowledge Unlatched’s running costs. With plans " -"to scale up in future rounds, Frances figures they can fully recover costs " -"when they are unlatching two hundred books at a time. Moving forward, " -"Knowledge Unlatched is making investments in technology and " -"processes. Future plans include unlatching journals and older books." +"In the first round, Knowledge Unlatched’s overheads were covered by grants. " +"In the second round, they aim to demonstrate the model is sustainable. " +"Libraries and publishers will each pay a 7.5 percent service charge that " +"will go toward Knowledge Unlatched’s running costs. With plans to scale up " +"in future rounds, Frances figures they can fully recover costs when they are " +"unlatching two hundred books at a time. Moving forward, Knowledge Unlatched " +"is making investments in technology and processes. Future plans include " +"unlatching journals and older books." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5426 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5440 msgid "" "Frances believes that Knowledge Unlatched is tapping into new ways of " "valuing academic content. It’s about considering how many people can find, " @@ -6981,72 +7049,72 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5438 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5452 msgid "Lumen Learning" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5441 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5455 msgid "" "Lumen Learning is a for-profit company helping educational institutions use " "open educational resources (OER). Founded in 2013 in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5446 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5460 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://lumenlearning.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5448 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5462 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for custom " "services, grant funding" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5451 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5465 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: December 21, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5454 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5468 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: David Wiley and Kim " "Thanos, cofounders" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5468 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5482 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://lumenlearning.com/innovative-projects/\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5462 -msgid "" -"Cofounded by open education visionary Dr. David Wiley and " -"education-technology strategist Kim Thanos, Lumen Learning is dedicated to " -"improving student success, bringing new ideas to pedagogy, and making " -"education more affordable by facilitating adoption of open educational " -"resources. In 2012, David and Kim partnered on a grant-funded project called " -"the Kaleidoscope Open Course Initiative.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " -"id=\"0\"/> It involved a set of fully open general-education courses across " -"eight colleges predominantly serving at-risk students, with goals to " -"dramatically reduce textbook costs and collaborate to improve the courses to " -"help students succeed. David and Kim exceeded those goals: the cost of the " -"required textbooks, replaced with OER, decreased to zero dollars, and " -"average student-success rates improved by 5 to 10 percent when compared with " -"previous years. After a second round of funding, a total of more than " -"twenty-five institutions participated in and benefited from this project. It " -"was career changing for David and Kim to see the impact this initiative had " -"on low-income students. David and Kim sought further funding from the Bill " -"and Melinda Gates Foundation, who asked them to define a plan to scale their " +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5476 +msgid "" +"Cofounded by open education visionary Dr. David Wiley and education-" +"technology strategist Kim Thanos, Lumen Learning is dedicated to improving " +"student success, bringing new ideas to pedagogy, and making education more " +"affordable by facilitating adoption of open educational resources. In 2012, " +"David and Kim partnered on a grant-funded project called the Kaleidoscope " +"Open Course Initiative.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> It involved " +"a set of fully open general-education courses across eight colleges " +"predominantly serving at-risk students, with goals to dramatically reduce " +"textbook costs and collaborate to improve the courses to help students " +"succeed. David and Kim exceeded those goals: the cost of the required " +"textbooks, replaced with OER, decreased to zero dollars, and average student-" +"success rates improved by 5 to 10 percent when compared with previous years. " +"After a second round of funding, a total of more than twenty-five " +"institutions participated in and benefited from this project. It was career " +"changing for David and Kim to see the impact this initiative had on low-" +"income students. David and Kim sought further funding from the Bill and " +"Melinda Gates Foundation, who asked them to define a plan to scale their " "work in a financially sustainable way. That is when they decided to create " "Lumen Learning." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5485 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5499 msgid "" "David and Kim went back and forth on whether it should be a nonprofit or " "for- profit. A nonprofit would make it a more comfortable fit with the " @@ -7058,7 +7126,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5495 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5509 msgid "" "But as a for-profit, they’d have to convince educational institutions to pay " "for what Lumen had to offer. On the positive side, they’d have more control " @@ -7069,7 +7137,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5504 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5518 msgid "" "Right from the start, David and Kim positioned Lumen Learning as a way to " "help institutions engage in open educational resources, or OER. OER are " @@ -7079,49 +7147,48 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5512 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5526 msgid "" "Originally, Lumen did custom contracts for each institution. This was " "complicated and challenging to manage. However, through that process " "patterns emerged which allowed them to generalize a set of approaches and " "offerings. Today they don’t customize as much as they used to, and instead " -"they tend to work with customers who can use their off-the-shelf " -"options. Lumen finds that institutions and faculty are generally very good " -"at seeing the value Lumen brings and are willing to pay for it. Serving " -"disadvantaged learner populations has led Lumen to be very pragmatic; they " -"describe what they offer in quantitative terms—with facts and figures—and in " -"a way that is very student-focused. Lumen Learning helps colleges and " -"universities—" +"they tend to work with customers who can use their off-the-shelf options. " +"Lumen finds that institutions and faculty are generally very good at seeing " +"the value Lumen brings and are willing to pay for it. Serving disadvantaged " +"learner populations has led Lumen to be very pragmatic; they describe what " +"they offer in quantitative terms—with facts and figures—and in a way that is " +"very student-focused. Lumen Learning helps colleges and universities—" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5528 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5542 msgid "replace expensive textbooks in high-enrollment courses with OER;" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5534 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5548 msgid "" "provide enrolled students day one access to Lumen’s fully customizable OER " "course materials through the institution’s learning-management system;" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5541 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5555 msgid "" "measure improvements in student success with metrics like passing rates, " "persistence, and course completion; and" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5547 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5561 msgid "" "collaborate with faculty to make ongoing improvements to OER based on " "student success research." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5553 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5567 msgid "" "Lumen has developed a suite of open, Creative Commons–licensed courseware in " "more than sixty-five subjects. All courses are freely and publicly available " @@ -7131,7 +7198,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5561 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5575 msgid "" "Then there are three types of bundled services that cost money. One option, " "which Lumen calls Candela courseware, offers integration with the " @@ -7141,17 +7208,16 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5569 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5583 msgid "" "A second option is Waymaker, which offers the services of Candela but adds " "personalized learning technologies, such as study plans, automated messages, " "and assessments, and helps instructors find and support the students who " -"need it most. Waymaker courses cost twenty-five dollars per enrolled " -"student." +"need it most. Waymaker courses cost twenty-five dollars per enrolled student." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5576 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5590 msgid "" "The third and emerging line of business for Lumen is providing guidance and " "support for institutions and state systems that are pursuing the development " @@ -7162,7 +7228,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5585 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5599 msgid "" "Lumen generates revenue by charging for their value-added tools and services " "on top of their free courses, just as solar-power companies provide the " @@ -7174,13 +7240,13 @@ msgid "" "those who paid. Right from the start, their stance was that they would not " "put their content behind a paywall. Lumen invests zero dollars in " "technologies and processes for restricting access—no digital rights " -"management, no time bombs. While this has been a challenge from a " -"business-model perspective, from an open-access perspective, it has " -"generated immense goodwill in the community." +"management, no time bombs. While this has been a challenge from a business-" +"model perspective, from an open-access perspective, it has generated immense " +"goodwill in the community." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5602 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5616 msgid "" "In most cases, development of their courses is funded by the institution " "Lumen has a contract with. When creating new courses, Lumen typically works " @@ -7193,7 +7259,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5613 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5627 msgid "" "Sometimes faculty like the existing OER but not the way it is presented. The " "open licensing of existing OER allows Lumen to pick and choose from images, " @@ -7206,7 +7272,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5624 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5638 msgid "" "Using only OER made them experience firsthand how complex it could be to mix " "differently licensed work together. A common strategy with OER is to place " @@ -7216,20 +7282,20 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5632 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5646 msgid "" "Remixing OER often results in multiple attributions on every page of every " "course—text from one place, images from another, and videos from yet " -"another. Some are licensed as Attribution (CC BY), others as " -"Attribution-ShareAlike (CC BY-SA). If this information is put within the " -"text of the course, faculty members sometimes try to edit it and students " -"find it a distraction. Lumen dealt with this challenge by capturing the " -"license and attribution information as metadata, and getting it to show up " -"at the end of each page." +"another. Some are licensed as Attribution (CC BY), others as Attribution-" +"ShareAlike (CC BY-SA). If this information is put within the text of the " +"course, faculty members sometimes try to edit it and students find it a " +"distraction. Lumen dealt with this challenge by capturing the license and " +"attribution information as metadata, and getting it to show up at the end of " +"each page." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5643 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5657 msgid "" "Lumen’s commitment to open licensing and helping low-income students has led " "to strong relationships with institutions, open-education enthusiasts, and " @@ -7239,22 +7305,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5651 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5665 msgid "" "To manage demand and ensure the success of projects, their strategy is to be " "proactive and focus on what’s going on in higher education in different " "regions of the United States, watching out for things happening at the " "system level in a way that fits with what Lumen offers. A great example is " -"the Virginia community college system, which is building out " -"Z-Degrees. David and Kim say there are nine other U.S. states with similar " -"system-level activity where Lumen is strategically focusing its " -"efforts. Where there are projects that would require a lot of resources on " -"Lumen’s part, they prioritize the ones that would impact the largest number " -"of students." +"the Virginia community college system, which is building out Z-Degrees. " +"David and Kim say there are nine other U.S. states with similar system-level " +"activity where Lumen is strategically focusing its efforts. Where there are " +"projects that would require a lot of resources on Lumen’s part, they " +"prioritize the ones that would impact the largest number of students." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5664 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5678 msgid "" "As a business, Lumen is committed to openness. There are two core " "nonnegotiables: Lumen’s use of CC BY, the most permissive of the Creative " @@ -7266,7 +7331,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5674 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5688 msgid "" "Openness also means that Lumen’s OER must necessarily be nonexclusive and " "nonrivalrous. This represents several big challenges for the business model: " @@ -7278,7 +7343,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5684 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5698 msgid "" "In the OER sector, there are examples of corporations, and even " "institutions, acting as free riders. Some simply take and use open resources " @@ -7289,7 +7354,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5693 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5707 msgid "" "Lumen does track institutions accessing and using their free content. They " "proactively contact those institutions, with an estimate of how much their " @@ -7302,7 +7367,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5704 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5718 msgid "" "Lumen works hard to be a good corporate citizen in the OER community. For " "David and Kim, a good corporate citizen gives more than they take, adds " @@ -7313,7 +7378,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5713 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5727 msgid "" "Licensing all the content they produce with CC BY is a key part of giving " "more value than they take. They’ve also worked hard at finding the right " @@ -7322,21 +7387,20 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5719 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5733 msgid "" "As of the fall 2016 term, Lumen had eighty-six different open courses, " -"working relationships with ninety-two institutions, and more than " -"seventy-five thousand student enrollments. Lumen received early start-up " -"funding from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, the Hewlett Foundation, " -"and the Shuttleworth Foundation. Since then, Lumen has also attracted " -"investment funding. Over the last three years, Lumen has been roughly 60 " -"percent grant funded, 20 percent revenue earned, and 20 percent funded with " -"angel capital. Going forward, their strategy is to replace grant funding " -"with revenue." +"working relationships with ninety-two institutions, and more than seventy-" +"five thousand student enrollments. Lumen received early start-up funding " +"from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, the Hewlett Foundation, and the " +"Shuttleworth Foundation. Since then, Lumen has also attracted investment " +"funding. Over the last three years, Lumen has been roughly 60 percent grant " +"funded, 20 percent revenue earned, and 20 percent funded with angel capital. " +"Going forward, their strategy is to replace grant funding with revenue." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5731 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5745 msgid "" "In creating Lumen Learning, David and Kim say they’ve landed on solutions " "they never imagined, and there is still a lot of learning taking place. For " @@ -7348,26 +7412,26 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5742 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5756 msgid "Jonathan Mann" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5745 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5759 msgid "" -"Jonathan Mann is a singer and songwriter who is most well known as the “Song " -"A Day” guy. Based in the U.S." +"Jonathan Mann is a singer and songwriter who is most well known as the " +"<quote>Song A Day</quote> guy. Based in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5748 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5762 msgid "" -"<ulink url=\"http://jonathanmann.net\"/> and <ulink " -"url=\"http://jonathanmann.bandcamp.com\"/>" +"<ulink url=\"http://jonathanmann.net\"/> and <ulink url=\"http://" +"jonathanmann.bandcamp.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5751 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5765 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for custom " "services, pay-what-you-want, crowdfunding (subscription-based), charging for " @@ -7375,25 +7439,26 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5756 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5770 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 22, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5764 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5778 msgid "" -"Jonathan Mann thinks of his business model as “hustling”—seizing nearly " -"every opportunity he sees to make money. The bulk of his income comes from " -"writing songs under commission for people and companies, but he has a wide " -"variety of income sources. He has supporters on the crowdfunding site " -"Patreon. He gets advertising revenue from YouTube and Bandcamp, where he " -"posts all of his music. He gives paid speaking engagements about creativity " -"and motivation. He has been hired by major conferences to write songs " -"summarizing what speakers have said in the conference sessions." +"Jonathan Mann thinks of his business model as <quote>hustling</quote>—" +"seizing nearly every opportunity he sees to make money. The bulk of his " +"income comes from writing songs under commission for people and companies, " +"but he has a wide variety of income sources. He has supporters on the " +"crowdfunding site Patreon. He gets advertising revenue from YouTube and " +"Bandcamp, where he posts all of his music. He gives paid speaking " +"engagements about creativity and motivation. He has been hired by major " +"conferences to write songs summarizing what speakers have said in the " +"conference sessions." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5775 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5790 msgid "" "His entrepreneurial spirit is coupled with a willingness to take action " "quickly. A perfect illustration of his ability to act fast happened in 2010, " @@ -7406,16 +7471,16 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5786 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5801 msgid "" -"Jonathan’s successful “hustling” is also about old-fashioned persistence. He " -"is currently in his eighth straight year of writing one song each day. He " -"holds the Guinness World Record for consecutive daily songwriting, and he is " -"widely known as the “song-a-day guy.”" +"Jonathan’s successful <quote>hustling</quote> is also about old-fashioned " +"persistence. He is currently in his eighth straight year of writing one song " +"each day. He holds the Guinness World Record for consecutive daily " +"songwriting, and he is widely known as the <quote>song-a-day guy.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5793 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5808 msgid "" "He fell into this role by, naturally, seizing a random opportunity a friend " "alerted him to seven years ago—an event called Fun-A-Day, where people are " @@ -7427,14 +7492,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5803 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5818 msgid "" "He had a really good time doing the thirty-one-day challenge, so he decided " "to see if he could continue it for one year. He never stopped. He has " "written and posted a new song literally every day, seven days a week, since " "he began the project in 2009. When he isn’t writing songs that he is hired " -"to write by clients, he writes songs about whatever is on his mind that " -"day. His songs are catchy and mostly lighthearted, but they often contain at " +"to write by clients, he writes songs about whatever is on his mind that day. " +"His songs are catchy and mostly lighthearted, but they often contain at " "least an undercurrent of a deeper theme or meaning. Occasionally, they are " "extremely personal, like the song he cowrote with his exgirlfriend " "announcing their breakup. Rain or shine, in sickness or health, Jonathan " @@ -7444,7 +7509,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5819 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5834 msgid "" "Over time, the song-a-day gig became the basis of his livelihood. In the " "beginning, he made money one of two ways. The first was by entering a wide " @@ -7455,75 +7520,77 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5828 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5843 msgid "" -"His website explains his gig as “taking any message, from the super simple " -"to the totally complicated, and conveying that message through a heartfelt, " -"fun and quirky song.” He charges $500 to create a produced song and $300 for " -"an acoustic song. He has been hired for product launches, weddings, " -"conferences, and even Kickstarter campaigns like the one that funded the " -"production of this book." +"His website explains his gig as <quote>taking any message, from the super " +"simple to the totally complicated, and conveying that message through a " +"heartfelt, fun and quirky song.</quote> He charges $500 to create a produced " +"song and $300 for an acoustic song. He has been hired for product launches, " +"weddings, conferences, and even Kickstarter campaigns like the one that " +"funded the production of this book." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5837 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5852 msgid "" "Jonathan can’t recall when exactly he first learned about Creative Commons, " "but he began applying CC licenses to his songs and videos as soon as he " -"discovered the option. “CC seems like such a no-brainer,” Jonathan said. “I " -"don’t understand how anything else would make sense. It seems like such an " -"obvious thing that you would want your work to be able to be shared.”" +"discovered the option. <quote>CC seems like such a no-brainer,</quote> " +"Jonathan said. <quote>I don’t understand how anything else would make sense. " +"It seems like such an obvious thing that you would want your work to be able " +"to be shared.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5845 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5861 msgid "" "His songs are essentially marketing for his services, so obviously the " "further his songs spread, the better. Using CC licenses helps grease the " "wheels, letting people know that Jonathan allows and encourages them to " -"copy, interact with, and remix his music. “If you let someone cover your " -"song or remix it or use parts of it, that’s how music is supposed to work,” " -"Jonathan said. “That is how music has worked since the beginning of " -"time. Our me-me, mine-mine culture has undermined that.”" +"copy, interact with, and remix his music. <quote>If you let someone cover " +"your song or remix it or use parts of it, that’s how music is supposed to " +"work,</quote> Jonathan said. <quote>That is how music has worked since the " +"beginning of time. Our me-me, mine-mine culture has undermined that.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5855 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5871 msgid "" "There are some people who cover his songs fairly regularly, and he would " "never shut that down. But he acknowledges there is a lot more he could do to " -"build community. “There is all of this conventional wisdom about how to " -"build an audience online, and I generally think I don’t do any of that,” " -"Jonathan said." +"build community. <quote>There is all of this conventional wisdom about how " +"to build an audience online, and I generally think I don’t do any of that,</" +"quote> Jonathan said." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5862 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5878 msgid "" "He does have a fan community he cultivates on Bandcamp, but it isn’t his " -"major focus. “I do have a core audience that has stuck around for a really " -"long time, some even longer than I’ve been doing song-a-day,” he " -"said. “There is also a transitional aspect that drop in and get what they " -"need and then move on.” Focusing less on community building than other " -"artists makes sense given Jonathan’s primary income source of writing custom " -"songs for clients." +"major focus. <quote>I do have a core audience that has stuck around for a " +"really long time, some even longer than I’ve been doing song-a-day,</quote> " +"he said. <quote>There is also a transitional aspect that drop in and get " +"what they need and then move on.</quote> Focusing less on community building " +"than other artists makes sense given Jonathan’s primary income source of " +"writing custom songs for clients." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5872 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5888 msgid "" -"Jonathan recognizes what comes naturally to him and leverages those " -"skills. Through the practice of daily songwriting, he realized he has a gift " -"for distilling complicated subjects into simple concepts and putting them to " -"music. In his song “How to Choose a Master Password,” Jonathan explained the " -"process of creating a secure password in a silly, simple song. He was hired " -"to write the song by a client who handed him a long technical blog post from " -"which to draw the information. Like a good (and rare) journalist, he " -"translated the technical concepts into something understandable." +"Jonathan recognizes what comes naturally to him and leverages those skills. " +"Through the practice of daily songwriting, he realized he has a gift for " +"distilling complicated subjects into simple concepts and putting them to " +"music. In his song <quote>How to Choose a Master Password,</quote> Jonathan " +"explained the process of creating a secure password in a silly, simple song. " +"He was hired to write the song by a client who handed him a long technical " +"blog post from which to draw the information. Like a good (and rare) " +"journalist, he translated the technical concepts into something " +"understandable." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5884 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5900 msgid "" "When he is hired by a client to write a song, he first asks them to send a " "list of talking points and other information they want to include in the " @@ -7532,14 +7599,15 @@ msgid "" "thing he tries to do is grok the core message and develop the chorus. Then " "he looks for connections or parts he can make rhyme. The entire process " "really does resemble good journalism, but of course the final product of his " -"work is a song rather than news. “There is something about being challenged " -"and forced to take information that doesn’t seem like it should be sung " -"about or doesn’t seem like it lends itself to a song,” he said. “I find that " -"creative challenge really satisfying. I enjoy getting lost in that process.”" +"work is a song rather than news. <quote>There is something about being " +"challenged and forced to take information that doesn’t seem like it should " +"be sung about or doesn’t seem like it lends itself to a song,</quote> he " +"said. <quote>I find that creative challenge really satisfying. I enjoy " +"getting lost in that process.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5899 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5916 msgid "" "Jonathan admits that in an ideal world, he would exclusively write the music " "he wanted to write, rather than what clients hire him to write. But his " @@ -7548,32 +7616,32 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5906 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5923 msgid "" "Jonathan uses nearly every tool possible to make money from his art, but he " "does have lines he won’t cross. He won’t write songs about things he " "fundamentally does not believe in, and there are times he has turned down " -"jobs on principle. He also won’t stray too much from his natural style. “My " -"style is silly, so I can’t really accommodate people who want something " -"super serious,” Jonathan said. “I do what I do very easily, and it’s part of " -"who I am.” Jonathan hasn’t gotten into writing commercials for the same " -"reasons; he is best at using his own unique style rather than mimicking " -"others." +"jobs on principle. He also won’t stray too much from his natural style. " +"<quote>My style is silly, so I can’t really accommodate people who want " +"something super serious,</quote> Jonathan said. <quote>I do what I do very " +"easily, and it’s part of who I am.</quote> Jonathan hasn’t gotten into " +"writing commercials for the same reasons; he is best at using his own unique " +"style rather than mimicking others." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5918 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5935 msgid "" -"Jonathan’s song-a-day commitment exemplifies the power of habit and " -"grit. Conventional wisdom about creative productivity, including advice in " -"books like the best-seller The Creative Habit by Twyla Tharp, routinely " -"emphasizes the importance of ritual and action. No amount of planning can " -"replace the value of simple practice and just doing. Jonathan Mann’s work is " -"a living embodiment of these principles." +"Jonathan’s song-a-day commitment exemplifies the power of habit and grit. " +"Conventional wisdom about creative productivity, including advice in books " +"like the best-seller The Creative Habit by Twyla Tharp, routinely emphasizes " +"the importance of ritual and action. No amount of planning can replace the " +"value of simple practice and just doing. Jonathan Mann’s work is a living " +"embodiment of these principles." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5927 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5944 msgid "" "When he speaks about his work, he talks about how much the song-a-day " "process has changed him. Rather than seeing any given piece of work as " @@ -7583,7 +7651,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5934 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5951 msgid "" "Jonathan seems to have this mentality about his career more generally. He is " "constantly experimenting with ways to make a living while sharing his work " @@ -7593,20 +7661,20 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5942 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5958 msgid "" -"“Success feels like it’s over,” he said. “To a certain extent, a creative " -"person is not ever going to feel completely satisfied because then so much " -"of what drives you would be gone.”" +"<quote>Success feels like it’s over,</quote> he said. <quote>To a certain " +"extent, a creative person is not ever going to feel completely satisfied " +"because then so much of what drives you would be gone.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5948 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5965 msgid "Noun Project" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5951 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5968 msgid "" "The Noun Project is a for-profit company offering an online platform to " "display visual icons from a global network of designers. Founded in 2010 in " @@ -7614,29 +7682,30 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5956 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5973 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://thenounproject.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5958 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5975 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging a transaction " "fee, charging for custom services" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5961 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5978 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: October 6, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5964 -msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Edward Boatman, cofounder" +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5981 +msgid "" +"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Edward Boatman, cofounder" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5972 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5989 msgid "" "The Noun Project creates and shares visual language. There are millions who " "use Noun Project symbols to simplify communication across borders, " @@ -7644,7 +7713,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5977 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5994 msgid "" "The original idea for the Noun Project came to cofounder Edward Boatman " "while he was a student in architecture design school. He’d always done a lot " @@ -7655,7 +7724,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5985 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6002 msgid "" "When Edward went on to work at an architecture firm, he had to make a lot of " "presentation boards for clients. But finding high-quality sources for " @@ -7665,7 +7734,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5993 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6010 msgid "" "With his partner, Sofya Polyakov, he began collecting symbols for a website " "and writing a business plan. Inspiration came from the book Professor and " @@ -7675,48 +7744,47 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6004 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6021 msgid "" -"<ulink " -"url=\"http://www.kickstarter.com/projects/tnp/building-a-free-collection-of-our-worlds-visual-sy/description\"/>" +"<ulink url=\"http://www.kickstarter.com/projects/tnp/building-a-free-" +"collection-of-our-worlds-visual-sy/description\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6001 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6018 msgid "" "Then Edward got laid off during the recession, which turned out to be a huge " "catalyst. He decided to give his idea a go, and in 2010 Edward and Sofya " "launched the Noun Project with a Kickstarter campaign, back when Kickstarter " "was in its infancy.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> They thought " -"it’d be a good way to introduce the global web community to their " -"idea. Their goal was to raise $1,500, but in twenty days they got over " -"$14,000. They realized their idea had the potential to be something much " -"bigger." +"it’d be a good way to introduce the global web community to their idea. " +"Their goal was to raise $1,500, but in twenty days they got over $14,000. " +"They realized their idea had the potential to be something much bigger." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6010 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6027 msgid "" "They created a platform where symbols and icons could be uploaded, and " "Edward began recruiting talented designers to contribute their designs, a " "process he describes as a relatively easy sell. Lots of designers have old " -"drawings just gathering “digital dust” on their hard drives. It’s easy to " -"convince them to finally share them with the world." +"drawings just gathering <quote>digital dust</quote> on their hard drives. " +"It’s easy to convince them to finally share them with the world." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6018 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6035 msgid "" "The Noun Project currently has about seven thousand designers from around " -"the world. But not all submissions are accepted. The Noun Project’s " -"quality-review process means that only the best works become part of its " -"collection. They make sure to provide encouraging, constructive feedback " -"whenever they reject a piece of work, which maintains and builds the " -"relationship they have with their global community of designers." +"the world. But not all submissions are accepted. The Noun Project’s quality-" +"review process means that only the best works become part of its collection. " +"They make sure to provide encouraging, constructive feedback whenever they " +"reject a piece of work, which maintains and builds the relationship they " +"have with their global community of designers." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6027 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6044 msgid "" "Creative Commons is an integral part of the Noun Project’s business model; " "this decision was inspired by Chris Anderson’s book Free: The Future of " @@ -7725,7 +7793,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6034 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6051 msgid "" "Edward knew he wanted to offer a free visual language while still providing " "some protection and reward for its contributors. There is a tension between " @@ -7740,7 +7808,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6048 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6065 msgid "" "Noun Project’s business model and means of generating revenue have evolved " "significantly over time. Their initial plan was to sell T-shirts with the " @@ -7748,11 +7816,12 @@ msgid "" "get a lot of email from people saying they loved the icons but asking if " "they could pay a fee instead of giving attribution. Ad agencies (among " "others) wanted to keep marketing and presentation materials clean and free " -"of attribution statements. For Edward, “That’s when our lightbulb went off.”" +"of attribution statements. For Edward, <quote>That’s when our lightbulb went " +"off.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6058 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6076 msgid "" "They asked their global network of designers whether they’d be open to " "receiving modest remuneration instead of attribution. Designers saw it as a " @@ -7762,7 +7831,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6065 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6083 msgid "" "The Noun Project first adopted a model whereby using an icon without giving " "attribution would cost $1.99 per icon. The model’s second iteration added a " @@ -7771,14 +7840,14 @@ msgid "" "users didn’t like these hard-count options. They preferred to try out many " "similar icons to see which worked best before eventually choosing the one " "they wanted to use. So the Noun Project moved to an unlimited model, whereby " -"users have unlimited access to the whole library for a flat monthly " -"fee. This service is called NounPro and costs $9.99 per month. Edward says " -"this model is working well—good for customers, good for creators, and good " -"for the platform." +"users have unlimited access to the whole library for a flat monthly fee. " +"This service is called NounPro and costs $9.99 per month. Edward says this " +"model is working well—good for customers, good for creators, and good for " +"the platform." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6079 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6097 msgid "" "Customers then began asking for an application-programming interface (API), " "which would allow Noun Project icons and symbols to be directly accessed " @@ -7787,21 +7856,21 @@ msgid "" "know all of them in advance, so they built an API with a lot of " "flexibility. Knowing that most API applications would want to use the icons " "without giving attribution, the API was built with the aim of charging for " -"its use. You can use what’s called the “Playground API” for free to test how " -"it integrates with your application, but full implementation will require " -"you to purchase the API Pro version." +"its use. You can use what’s called the <quote>Playground API</quote> for " +"free to test how it integrates with your application, but full " +"implementation will require you to purchase the API Pro version." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6093 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6111 msgid "" -"The Noun Project shares revenue with its international designers. For " -"one-off purchases, the revenue is split 70 percent to the designer and 30 " +"The Noun Project shares revenue with its international designers. For one-" +"off purchases, the revenue is split 70 percent to the designer and 30 " "percent to Noun Project." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6098 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6116 msgid "" "The revenue from premium purchases (the subscription and API options) is " "split a little differently. At the end of each month, the total revenue from " @@ -7814,12 +7883,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6110 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6182 -msgid "<ulink url=\"http://thenounproject.com/handbook/royalties/#getting_paid\"/>" +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6128 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6200 +msgid "" +"<ulink url=\"http://thenounproject.com/handbook/royalties/#getting_paid\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6109 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6127 msgid "" "The Noun Project tries to be completely transparent about their royalty " "structure.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> They tend to over " @@ -7828,7 +7899,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6114 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6132 msgid "" "For most creators, contributing to the Noun Project is not a full-time job " "but something they do on the side. Edward categorizes monthly earnings for " @@ -7837,7 +7908,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6121 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6139 msgid "" "Recently the Noun Project launched a new app called Lingo. Designers can " "use Lingo to organize not just their Noun Project icons and symbols but also " @@ -7852,7 +7923,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6135 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6153 msgid "" "The Noun Project gives a ton of value away for free. A very large percentage " "of their roughly one million members have a free account, but there are " @@ -7862,15 +7933,16 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6142 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6160 msgid "" -"For Edward, “creating, sharing, and celebrating the world’s visual language” " -"is the most important aspect of what they do; it’s their stated mission. It " -"differentiates them from others who offer graphics, icons, or clip art." +"For Edward, <quote>creating, sharing, and celebrating the world’s visual " +"language</quote> is the most important aspect of what they do; it’s their " +"stated mission. It differentiates them from others who offer graphics, " +"icons, or clip art." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6148 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6166 msgid "" "Noun Project creators agree. When surveyed on why they participate in the " "Noun Project, this is how designers rank their reasons: 1) to support the " @@ -7881,28 +7953,28 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6157 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6175 msgid "" "In Edward’s view, Creative Commons is central to their mission of sharing " "and social good. Using Creative Commons makes the Noun Project’s mission " -"genuine and has generated a lot of their initial traction and " -"credibility. CC comes with a built-in community of users and fans." +"genuine and has generated a lot of their initial traction and credibility. " +"CC comes with a built-in community of users and fans." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6164 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6182 msgid "" -"Edward told us, “Don’t underestimate the power of a passionate community " -"around your product or your business. They are going to go to bat for you " -"when you’re getting ripped in the media. If you go down the road of choosing " -"to work with Creative Commons, you’re taking the first step to building a " -"great community and tapping into a really awesome community that comes with " -"it. But you need to continue to foster that community through other " -"initiatives and continue to nurture it.”" +"Edward told us, <quote>Don’t underestimate the power of a passionate " +"community around your product or your business. They are going to go to bat " +"for you when you’re getting ripped in the media. If you go down the road of " +"choosing to work with Creative Commons, you’re taking the first step to " +"building a great community and tapping into a really awesome community that " +"comes with it. But you need to continue to foster that community through " +"other initiatives and continue to nurture it.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6174 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6192 msgid "" "The Noun Project nurtures their creators’ second motivation—promoting a " "personal brand—by connecting every icon and symbol to the creator’s name and " @@ -7911,7 +7983,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6181 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6199 msgid "" "The Noun Project also builds community through Iconathons—hackathons for " "icons.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> In partnership with a " @@ -7923,7 +7995,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6190 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6208 msgid "" "Providing a free version of their product that satisfies a lot of their " "customers’ needs has actually enabled the Noun Project to build the paid " @@ -7935,12 +8007,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6201 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6219 msgid "Open Data Institute" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6204 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6222 msgid "" "The Open Data Institute is an independent nonprofit that connects, equips, " "and inspires people around the world to innovate with data. Founded in 2012 " @@ -7948,34 +8020,34 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6209 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6227 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://theodi.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6211 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6229 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: grant and government " "funding, charging for custom services, donations" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6214 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6232 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: November 11, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6217 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6235 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Jeni Tennison, technical " "director" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6225 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6243 msgid "" -"Cofounded by Sir Tim Berners-Lee and Sir Nigel Shadbolt in 2012, the " -"London-based Open Data Institute (ODI) offers data-related training, events, " +"Cofounded by Sir Tim Berners-Lee and Sir Nigel Shadbolt in 2012, the London-" +"based Open Data Institute (ODI) offers data-related training, events, " "consulting services, and research. For ODI, Creative Commons licenses are " "central to making their own business model and their customers’ open. CC BY " "(Attribution), CC BY-SA (Attribution-ShareAlike), and CC0 (placed in the " @@ -7984,21 +8056,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6235 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6253 msgid "" -"Data underpins planning and decision making across all aspects of " -"society. Weather data helps farmers know when to plant their crops, flight " -"time data from airplane companies helps us plan our travel, data on local " -"housing informs city planning. When this data is not only accurate and " -"timely, but open and accessible, it opens up new possibilities. Open data " -"can be a resource businesses use to build new products and services. It can " -"help governments measure progress, improve efficiency, and target " -"investments. It can help citizens improve their lives by better " -"understanding what is happening around them." +"Data underpins planning and decision making across all aspects of society. " +"Weather data helps farmers know when to plant their crops, flight time data " +"from airplane companies helps us plan our travel, data on local housing " +"informs city planning. When this data is not only accurate and timely, but " +"open and accessible, it opens up new possibilities. Open data can be a " +"resource businesses use to build new products and services. It can help " +"governments measure progress, improve efficiency, and target investments. It " +"can help citizens improve their lives by better understanding what is " +"happening around them." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6247 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6265 msgid "" "The Open Data Institute’s 2012–17 business plan starts out by describing its " "vision to establish itself as a world-leading center and to research and be " @@ -8008,49 +8080,49 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6257 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6275 msgid "" "demonstrate the commercial value of open government data and how open-data " "policies affect this;" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6263 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6281 msgid "develop the economic benefits case and business models for open data;" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6269 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6287 msgid "help UK businesses use open data; and" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6274 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6292 msgid "" -"<ulink " -"url=\"http://e642e8368e3bf8d5526e-464b4b70b4554c1a79566214d402739e.r6.cf3.rackcdn.com/odi-business-plan-may-release.pdf\"/>" +"<ulink url=\"http://e642e8368e3bf8d5526e-464b4b70b4554c1a79566214d402739e.r6." +"cf3.rackcdn.com/odi-business-plan-may-release.pdf\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6274 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6292 msgid "" -"show how open data can improve public services.<placeholder " -"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"show how open data can improve public services.<placeholder type=\"footnote" +"\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6279 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6297 msgid "" "ODI is very explicit about how it wants to make open business models, and " "defining what this means. Jeni Tennison, ODI’s technical director, puts it " -"this way: “There is a whole ecosystem of open—open-source software, open " -"government, open-access research—and a whole ecosystem of data. ODI’s work " -"cuts across both, with an emphasis on where they overlap—with open data.” " -"ODI’s particular focus is to show open data’s potential for revenue." +"this way: <quote>There is a whole ecosystem of open—open-source software, " +"open government, open-access research—and a whole ecosystem of data. ODI’s " +"work cuts across both, with an emphasis on where they overlap—with open data." +"</quote> ODI’s particular focus is to show open data’s potential for revenue." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6289 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6307 msgid "" "As an independent nonprofit, ODI secured £10 million over five years from " "the UK government via Innovate UK, an agency that promotes innovation in " @@ -8060,7 +8132,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6297 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6315 msgid "" "Jeni started out as a developer and technical architect for data.gov.uk, the " "UK government’s pioneering open-data initiative. She helped make data sets " @@ -8070,7 +8142,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6304 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6322 msgid "" "ODI strives to have half its annual budget come from the core UK government " "and Omidyar grants, and the other half from project-based research and " @@ -8080,34 +8152,34 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6312 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6330 msgid "" "On the commercial side, ODI generates funding through memberships, training, " "and advisory services." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6327 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6345 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://directory.theodi.org/members\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6316 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6334 msgid "" "You can join the ODI as an individual or commercial member. Individual " -"membership is pay-what-you-can, with options ranging from £1 to " -"£100. Members receive a newsletter and related communications and a discount " -"on ODI training courses and the annual summit, and they can display an " -"ODI-supporter badge on their website. Commercial membership is divided into " -"two tiers: small to medium size enterprises and nonprofits at £720 a year, " -"and corporations and government organizations at £2,200 a year. Commercial " +"membership is pay-what-you-can, with options ranging from £1 to £100. " +"Members receive a newsletter and related communications and a discount on " +"ODI training courses and the annual summit, and they can display an ODI-" +"supporter badge on their website. Commercial membership is divided into two " +"tiers: small to medium size enterprises and nonprofits at £720 a year, and " +"corporations and government organizations at £2,200 a year. Commercial " "members have greater opportunities to connect and collaborate, explore the " "benefits of open data, and unlock new business opportunities. (All members " "are listed on their website.)<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6330 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6348 msgid "" "ODI provides standardized open data training courses in which anyone can " "enroll. The initial idea was to offer an intensive and academically oriented " @@ -8115,25 +8187,25 @@ msgid "" "that. Instead, they offered a five-day-long public training course, which " "has subsequently been reduced to three days; now the most popular course is " "one day long. The fee, in addition to the time commitment, can be a barrier " -"for participation. Jeni says, “Most of the people who would be able to pay " -"don’t know they need it. Most who know they need it can’t pay.” " +"for participation. Jeni says, <quote>Most of the people who would be able to " +"pay don’t know they need it. Most who know they need it can’t pay.</quote> " "Public-sector organizations sometimes give vouchers to their employees so " "they can attend as a form of professional development." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6344 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6362 msgid "" -"ODI customizes training for clients as well, for which there is more " -"demand. Custom training usually emerges through an established relationship " -"with an organization. The training program is based on a definition of " -"open-data knowledge as applicable to the organization and on the skills " -"needed by their high-level executives, management, and technical staff. The " -"training tends to generate high interest and commitment." +"ODI customizes training for clients as well, for which there is more demand. " +"Custom training usually emerges through an established relationship with an " +"organization. The training program is based on a definition of open-data " +"knowledge as applicable to the organization and on the skills needed by " +"their high-level executives, management, and technical staff. The training " +"tends to generate high interest and commitment." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6353 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6371 msgid "" "Education about open data is also a part of ODI’s annual summit event, where " "curated presentations and speakers showcase the work of ODI and its members " @@ -8143,7 +8215,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6361 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6379 msgid "" "In addition to memberships and training, ODI provides advisory services to " "help with technical-data support, technology development, change management, " @@ -8154,12 +8226,13 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6370 -msgid "On the commercial side, the following value propositions seem to resonate:" +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6388 +msgid "" +"On the commercial side, the following value propositions seem to resonate:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6376 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6394 msgid "" "Data-driven insights. Businesses need data from outside their business to " "get more insight. Businesses can generate value and more effectively pursue " @@ -8167,7 +8240,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6384 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6402 msgid "" "Open innovation. Many large-scale enterprises are aware they don’t innovate " "very well. One way they can innovate is to open up their data. ODI " @@ -8177,7 +8250,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6393 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6411 msgid "" "Corporate social responsibility. While this resonates with businesses, ODI " "cautions against having it be the sole reason for making data open. If a " @@ -8186,39 +8259,38 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6402 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6420 msgid "" -"During their early years, ODI wanted to focus solely on the United " -"Kingdom. But in their first year, large delegations of government visitors " -"from over fifty countries wanted to learn more about the UK government’s " -"open-data practices and how ODI saw that translating into economic " -"value. They were contracted as a service provider to international " -"governments, which prompted a need to set up international ODI “nodes.”" +"During their early years, ODI wanted to focus solely on the United Kingdom. " +"But in their first year, large delegations of government visitors from over " +"fifty countries wanted to learn more about the UK government’s open-data " +"practices and how ODI saw that translating into economic value. They were " +"contracted as a service provider to international governments, which " +"prompted a need to set up international ODI <quote>nodes.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6411 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6429 msgid "" "Nodes are franchises of the ODI at a regional or city level. Hosted by " "existing (for-profit or not-for-profit) organizations, they operate locally " "but are part of the global network. Each ODI node adopts the charter, a set " "of guiding principles and rules under which ODI operates. They develop and " "deliver training, connect people and businesses through membership and " -"events, and communicate open-data stories from their part of the " -"world. There are twenty-seven different nodes across nineteen countries. ODI " -"nodes are charged a small fee to be part of the network and to use the " -"brand." +"events, and communicate open-data stories from their part of the world. " +"There are twenty-seven different nodes across nineteen countries. ODI nodes " +"are charged a small fee to be part of the network and to use the brand." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6425 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6443 msgid "" -"<ulink url=\"http://theodi.org/odi-startup-programme\"/>; <ulink " -"url=\"http://theodi.org/open-data-incubator-for-europe\"/>" +"<ulink url=\"http://theodi.org/odi-startup-programme\"/>; <ulink url=" +"\"http://theodi.org/open-data-incubator-for-europe\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6423 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6441 msgid "" "ODI also runs programs to help start-ups in the UK and across Europe develop " "a sustainable business around open data, offering mentoring, advice, " @@ -8226,34 +8298,34 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6429 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6447 msgid "" -"A big part of ODI’s business model revolves around community " -"building. Memberships, training, summits, consulting services, nodes, and " -"start-up programs create an ever-growing network of open-data users and " -"leaders. (In fact, ODI even operates something called an Open Data Leaders " -"Network.) For ODI, community is key to success. They devote significant time " -"and effort to build it, not just online but through face-to-face events." +"A big part of ODI’s business model revolves around community building. " +"Memberships, training, summits, consulting services, nodes, and start-up " +"programs create an ever-growing network of open-data users and leaders. (In " +"fact, ODI even operates something called an Open Data Leaders Network.) For " +"ODI, community is key to success. They devote significant time and effort to " +"build it, not just online but through face-to-face events." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6443 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6461 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://certificates.theodi.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6438 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6456 msgid "" "ODI has created an online tool that organizations can use to assess the " "legal, practical, technical, and social aspects of their open data. If it is " "of high quality, the organization can earn ODI’s Open Data Certificate, a " "globally recognized mark that signals that their open data is useful, " -"reliable, accessible, discoverable, and supported.<placeholder " -"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"reliable, accessible, discoverable, and supported.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6446 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6464 msgid "" "Separate from commercial activities, the ODI generates funding through " "research grants. Research includes looking at evidence on the impact of open " @@ -8262,35 +8334,35 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6452 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6470 msgid "" "Creative Commons 4.0 licenses cover database rights and ODI recommends CC " "BY, CC BY-SA, and CC0 for data releases. ODI encourages publishers of data " -"to use Creative Commons licenses rather than creating new “open licenses” of " -"their own." +"to use Creative Commons licenses rather than creating new <quote>open " +"licenses</quote> of their own." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6458 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6477 msgid "" "For ODI, open is at the heart of what they do. They also release any " "software code they produce under open-source-software licenses, and " "publications and reports under CC BY or CC BY-SA licenses. ODI’s mission is " -"to connect and equip people around the world so they can innovate with " -"data. Disseminating stories, research, guidance, and code under an open " -"license is essential for achieving that mission. It also demonstrates that " -"it is perfectly possible to generate sustainable revenue streams that do not " -"rely on restrictive licensing of content, data, or code. People pay to have " -"ODI experts provide training to them, not for the content of the training; " +"to connect and equip people around the world so they can innovate with data. " +"Disseminating stories, research, guidance, and code under an open license is " +"essential for achieving that mission. It also demonstrates that it is " +"perfectly possible to generate sustainable revenue streams that do not rely " +"on restrictive licensing of content, data, or code. People pay to have ODI " +"experts provide training to them, not for the content of the training; " "people pay for the advice ODI gives them, not for the methodologies they " "use. Producing open content, data, and source code helps establish " -"credibility and creates leads for the paid services that they " -"offer. According to Jeni, “The biggest lesson we have learned is that it is " -"completely possible to be open, get customers, and make money.”" +"credibility and creates leads for the paid services that they offer. " +"According to Jeni, <quote>The biggest lesson we have learned is that it is " +"completely possible to be open, get customers, and make money.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6476 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6495 msgid "" "To serve as evidence of a successful open business model and return on " "investment, ODI has a public dashboard of key performance indicators. Here " @@ -8298,7 +8370,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6484 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6503 msgid "" "Total amount of cash investments unlocked in direct investments in ODI, " "competition funding, direct contracts, and partnerships, and income that ODI " @@ -8307,46 +8379,46 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6492 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6511 msgid "Total number of active members and nodes across the globe: 1,350" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6498 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6517 msgid "Total sales since ODI began: £7.44 million" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6503 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6522 msgid "" "Total number of unique people reached since ODI began, in person and online: " "2.2 million" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6509 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6528 msgid "Total Open Data Certificates created: 151,000" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6515 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6534 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://dashboards.theodi.org/company/all\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6514 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6533 msgid "" "Total number of people trained by ODI and its nodes since ODI began: " "5,080<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6521 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6540 msgid "OpenDesk" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6524 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6543 msgid "" "Opendesk is a for-profit company offering an online platform that connects " "furniture designers around the world with customers and local makers who " @@ -8354,31 +8426,32 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6530 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6549 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.opendesk.cc\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6532 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8947 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6551 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8982 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging a transaction " "fee" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6535 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6554 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: November 4, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6538 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6557 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: Nick Ierodiaconou and " "Joni Steiner, cofounders" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6546 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6565 msgid "" "Opendesk is an online platform that connects furniture designers around the " "world not just with customers but also with local registered makers who " @@ -8387,25 +8460,25 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6552 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6571 msgid "" "Cofounders Nick Ierodiaconou and Joni Steiner studied and worked as " "architects together. They also made goods. Their first client was Mint " "Digital, who had an interest in open licensing. Nick and Joni were exploring " "digital fabrication, and Mint’s interest in open licensing got them to " -"thinking how the open-source world may interact and apply to physical " -"goods. They sought to design something for their client that was also " -"reproducible. As they put it, they decided to “ship the recipe, but not the " -"goods.” They created the design using software, put it under an open " -"license, and had it manufactured locally near the client. This was the start " -"of the idea for Opendesk. The idea for Wikihouse—another open project " -"dedicated to accessible housing for all—started as discussions around the " -"same table. The two projects ultimately went on separate paths, with " -"Wikihouse becoming a nonprofit foundation and Opendesk a for-profit company." +"thinking how the open-source world may interact and apply to physical goods. " +"They sought to design something for their client that was also reproducible. " +"As they put it, they decided to <quote>ship the recipe, but not the goods.</" +"quote> They created the design using software, put it under an open license, " +"and had it manufactured locally near the client. This was the start of the " +"idea for Opendesk. The idea for Wikihouse—another open project dedicated to " +"accessible housing for all—started as discussions around the same table. The " +"two projects ultimately went on separate paths, with Wikihouse becoming a " +"nonprofit foundation and Opendesk a for-profit company." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6569 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6588 msgid "" "When Nick and Joni set out to create Opendesk, there were a lot of questions " "about the viability of distributed manufacturing. No one was doing it in a " @@ -8414,20 +8487,20 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6576 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6595 msgid "" "And now this sector is emerging, and Nick and Joni are highly interested in " "the commercialization aspects of it. As part of coming up with a business " -"model, they began investigating intellectual property and licensing " -"options. It was a thorny space, especially for designs. Just what aspect of " -"a design is copyrightable? What is patentable? How can allowing for digital " -"sharing and distribution be balanced against the designer’s desire to still " -"hold ownership? In the end, they decided there was no need to reinvent the " -"wheel and settled on using Creative Commons." +"model, they began investigating intellectual property and licensing options. " +"It was a thorny space, especially for designs. Just what aspect of a design " +"is copyrightable? What is patentable? How can allowing for digital sharing " +"and distribution be balanced against the designer’s desire to still hold " +"ownership? In the end, they decided there was no need to reinvent the wheel " +"and settled on using Creative Commons." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6587 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6606 msgid "" "When designing the Opendesk system, they had two goals. They wanted anyone, " "anywhere in the world, to be able to download designs so that they could be " @@ -8437,7 +8510,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6594 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6613 msgid "" "They gave a lot of thought to three angles—the potential for social sharing, " "allowing designers to choose their license, and the impact these choices " @@ -8445,7 +8518,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6599 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6618 msgid "" "In support of social sharing, Opendesk actively advocates for (but doesn’t " "demand) open licensing. And Nick and Joni are agnostic about which Creative " @@ -8455,21 +8528,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6610 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6630 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.opendesk.cc/designers\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6607 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6626 msgid "" "For the most part, designers love the idea of sharing content. They " "understand that you get positive feedback when you’re attributed, what Nick " -"and Joni called “reputational glow.” And Opendesk does an awesome job " -"profiling the designers.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"and Joni called <quote>reputational glow.</quote> And Opendesk does an " +"awesome job profiling the designers.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6613 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6633 msgid "" "While designers are largely OK with personal sharing, there is a concern " "that someone will take the design and manufacture the furniture in bulk, " @@ -8478,38 +8551,37 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6620 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6640 msgid "" "Anyone can download a design and make it themselves, provided it’s for " "noncommercial use — and there have been many, many downloads. Or users can " "buy the product from Opendesk, or from a registered maker in Opendesk’s " "network, for on-demand personal fabrication. The network of Opendesk makers " -"currently is made up of those who do digital fabrication using a " -"computer-controlled CNC (Computer Numeric Control) machining device that " -"cuts shapes out of wooden sheets according to the specifications in the " -"design file." +"currently is made up of those who do digital fabrication using a computer-" +"controlled CNC (Computer Numeric Control) machining device that cuts shapes " +"out of wooden sheets according to the specifications in the design file." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6637 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6657 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.opendesk.cc/open-making/makers/\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6630 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6650 msgid "" "Makers benefit from being part of Opendesk’s network. Making furniture for " "local customers is paid work, and Opendesk generates business for them. Joni " -"said, “Finding a whole network and community of makers was pretty easy " +"said, <quote>Finding a whole network and community of makers was pretty easy " "because we built a site where people could write in about their " "capabilities. Building the community by learning from the maker community is " -"how we have moved forward.” Opendesk now has relationships with hundreds of " -"makers in countries all around the world.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " -"id=\"0\"/>" +"how we have moved forward.</quote> Opendesk now has relationships with " +"hundreds of makers in countries all around the world.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6640 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6660 msgid "" "The makers are a critical part of the Opendesk business model. Their model " "builds off the makers’ quotes. Here’s how it’s expressed on Opendesk’s " @@ -8517,14 +8589,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6645 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6665 msgid "" "When customers buy an Opendesk product directly from a registered maker, " "they pay:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6651 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6671 msgid "" "the manufacturing cost as set by the maker (this covers material and labour " "costs for the product to be manufactured and any extra assembly costs " @@ -8532,14 +8604,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6658 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6678 msgid "" "a design fee for the designer (a design fee that is paid to the designer " "every time their design is used)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6664 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6684 msgid "" "a percentage fee to the Opendesk platform (this supports the infrastructure " "and ongoing development of the platform that helps us build out our " @@ -8547,23 +8619,23 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6671 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6691 msgid "" "a percentage fee to the channel through which the sale is made (at the " -"moment this is Opendesk, but in the future we aim to open this up to " -"third-party sellers who can sell Opendesk products through their own " -"channels—this covers sales and marketing fees for the relevant channel)" +"moment this is Opendesk, but in the future we aim to open this up to third-" +"party sellers who can sell Opendesk products through their own channels—this " +"covers sales and marketing fees for the relevant channel)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6680 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6700 msgid "" "a local delivery service charge (the delivery is typically charged by the " "maker, but in some cases may be paid to a third-party delivery partner)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6687 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6707 msgid "" "charges for any additional services the customer chooses, such as on-site " "assembly (additional services are discretionary—in many cases makers will be " @@ -8572,24 +8644,24 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6696 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6716 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.opendesk.cc/open-making/join\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6695 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6715 msgid "" -"local sales taxes (variable by customer and maker location)<placeholder " -"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"local sales taxes (variable by customer and maker location)<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6701 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6721 msgid "They then go into detail how makers’ quotes are created:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6704 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6724 msgid "" "When a customer wants to buy an Opendesk . . . they are provided with a " "transparent breakdown of fees including the manufacturing cost, design fee, " @@ -8602,34 +8674,34 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6717 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6737 msgid "" "manufacturing cost: fabrication, finishing and any other costs as set by the " "maker (excluding any services like delivery or on-site assembly)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6724 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6744 msgid "design fee: 8 percent of the manufacturing cost" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6729 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6749 msgid "platform fee: 12 percent of the manufacturing cost" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6734 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6754 msgid "channel fee: 18 percent of the manufacturing cost" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6739 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6759 msgid "sales tax: as applicable (depends on product and location)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6744 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6764 msgid "" "Opendesk shares revenue with their community of designers. According to " "Nick and Joni, a typical designer fee is around 2.5 percent, so Opendesk’s 8 " @@ -8637,7 +8709,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6750 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6770 msgid "" "The Opendesk website features stories of designers and makers. Denis Fuzii " "published the design for the Valovi Chair from his studio in São Paulo. His " @@ -8647,7 +8719,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6758 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6778 msgid "" "To manage resources and remain effective, Opendesk has so far focused on a " "very narrow niche—primarily office furniture of a certain simple aesthetic, " @@ -8658,17 +8730,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6767 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6787 msgid "" -"On their website, Opendesk describes what they do as “open making”: " -"“Designers get a global distribution channel. Makers get profitable jobs and " -"new customers. You get designer products without the designer price tag, a " -"more social, eco-friendly alternative to mass-production and an affordable " -"way to buy custom-made products.”" +"On their website, Opendesk describes what they do as <quote>open making</" +"quote>: <quote>Designers get a global distribution channel. Makers get " +"profitable jobs and new customers. You get designer products without the " +"designer price tag, a more social, eco-friendly alternative to mass-" +"production and an affordable way to buy custom-made products.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6775 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6795 msgid "" "Nick and Joni say that customers like the fact that the furniture has a " "known provenance. People really like that their furniture was designed by a " @@ -8678,24 +8750,24 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6788 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6808 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://openmaking.is\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6783 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6803 msgid "" "Nick and Joni are taking a community-based approach to define and evolve " -"Opendesk and the “open making” business model. They’re engaging thought " -"leaders and practitioners to define this new movement. They have a separate " -"Open Making site, which includes a manifesto, a field guide, and an " -"invitation to get involved in the Open Making community.<placeholder " +"Opendesk and the <quote>open making</quote> business model. They’re " +"engaging thought leaders and practitioners to define this new movement. They " +"have a separate Open Making site, which includes a manifesto, a field guide, " +"and an invitation to get involved in the Open Making community.<placeholder " "type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> People can submit ideas and discuss the " "principles and business practices they’d like to see used." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6792 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6812 msgid "" "Nick and Joni talked a lot with us about intellectual property (IP) and " "commercialization. Many of their designers fear the idea that someone could " @@ -8705,29 +8777,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6800 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6820 msgid "" "Opendesk established a set of principles for what their community considers " "commercial and noncommercial use. Their website states:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6804 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6824 msgid "It is unambiguously commercial use when anyone:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6809 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6829 msgid "charges a fee or makes a profit when making an Opendesk" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6814 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6834 msgid "sells (or bases a commercial service on) an Opendesk" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6819 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6839 msgid "" "It follows from this that noncommercial use is when you make an Opendesk " "yourself, with no intention to gain commercial advantage or monetary " @@ -8735,28 +8807,28 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6827 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6847 msgid "" "you are an individual with your own CNC machine, or access to a shared CNC " "machine, and will personally cut and make a few pieces of furniture yourself" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6834 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6854 msgid "" "you are a student (or teacher) and you use the design files for educational " "purposes or training (and do not intend to sell the resulting pieces)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6841 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6861 msgid "" "you work for a charity and get furniture cut by volunteers, or by employees " "at a fab lab or maker space" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6847 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6867 msgid "" "Whether or not people technically are doing things that implicate IP, Nick " "and Joni have found that people tend to comply with the wishes of creators " @@ -8764,11 +8836,12 @@ msgid "" "replace some of the thorny legal issues. In their business model, Nick and " "Joni are trying to suspend the focus on IP and build an open business model " "that works for all stakeholders—designers, channels, manufacturers, and " -"customers. For them, the value Opendesk generates hangs off “open,” not IP." +"customers. For them, the value Opendesk generates hangs off <quote>open,</" +"quote> not IP." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6858 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6878 msgid "" "The mission of Opendesk is about relocalizing manufacturing, which changes " "the way we think about how goods are made. Commercialization is integral to " @@ -8778,67 +8851,66 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6865 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6885 msgid "" "As a global platform for local making, Opendesk’s business model has been " "built on honesty, transparency, and inclusivity. As Nick and Joni describe " -"it, they put ideas out there that get traction and then have faith in " -"people." +"it, they put ideas out there that get traction and then have faith in people." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6872 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6892 msgid "OpenStax" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6875 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6895 msgid "" "OpenStax is a nonprofit that provides free, openly licensed textbooks for " -"high-enrollment introductory college courses and Advanced Placement " -"courses. Founded in 2012 in the U.S." +"high-enrollment introductory college courses and Advanced Placement courses. " +"Founded in 2012 in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6880 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6900 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.openstaxcollege.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6882 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6902 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: grant funding, charging " "for custom services, charging for physical copies (textbook sales)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6886 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6906 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: December 16, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6889 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6909 msgid "" -"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: David Harris, " -"editor-in-chief" +"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: David Harris, editor-in-" +"chief" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6897 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6917 msgid "" "OpenStax is an extension of a program called Connexions, which was started " -"in 1999 by Dr. Richard Baraniuk, the Victor E. Cameron Professor of " -"Electrical and Computer Engineering at Rice University in Houston, " -"Texas. Frustrated by the limitations of traditional textbooks and courses, " -"Dr. Baraniuk wanted to provide authors and learners a way to share and " -"freely adapt educational materials such as courses, books, and " -"reports. Today, Connexions (now called OpenStax CNX) is one of the world’s " -"best libraries of customizable educational materials, all licensed with " -"Creative Commons and available to anyone, anywhere, anytime—for free." +"in 1999 by Dr. Richard Baraniuk, the Victor E. Cameron Professor of " +"Electrical and Computer Engineering at Rice University in Houston, Texas. " +"Frustrated by the limitations of traditional textbooks and courses, " +"Dr. Baraniuk wanted to provide authors and learners a way to share and " +"freely adapt educational materials such as courses, books, and reports. " +"Today, Connexions (now called OpenStax CNX) is one of the world’s best " +"libraries of customizable educational materials, all licensed with Creative " +"Commons and available to anyone, anywhere, anytime—for free." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6909 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6929 msgid "" "In 2008, while in a senior leadership role at WebAssign and looking at ways " "to reduce the risk that came with relying on publishers, David Harris began " @@ -8851,7 +8923,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6920 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6940 msgid "" "David brought with him a deep understanding of the best practices of " "publishing along with where publishers have inefficiencies. In David’s view, " @@ -8865,27 +8937,27 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6938 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6958 msgid "" -"<ulink " -"url=\"http://news.rice.edu/files/2016/01/0119-OPENSTAX-2016Infographic-lg-1tahxiu.jpg\"/>" +"<ulink url=\"http://news.rice.edu/files/2016/01/0119-" +"OPENSTAX-2016Infographic-lg-1tahxiu.jpg\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6932 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6952 msgid "" "In 2012, OpenStax College launched as a nonprofit with the aim of producing " "high-quality, peer-reviewed full-color textbooks that would be available for " "free for the twenty-five most heavily attended college courses in the " "nation. Today they are fast approaching that number. There is data that " "proves the success of their original hypothesis on how many students they " -"could help and how much money they could help save.<placeholder " -"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Professionally produced content scales " -"rapidly. All with no sales force!" +"could help and how much money they could help save.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Professionally produced content scales rapidly. All " +"with no sales force!" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6942 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6962 msgid "" "OpenStax textbooks are all Attribution (CC BY) licensed, and each textbook " "is available as a PDF, an e-book, or web pages. Those who want a physical " @@ -8896,7 +8968,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6951 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6971 msgid "" "Teachers are invited to try out a single chapter from one of the textbooks " "with students. If that goes well, they’re encouraged to adopt the entire " @@ -8906,7 +8978,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6959 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6979 msgid "" "Any teacher can post corrections, suggest examples for difficult concepts, " "or volunteer as an editor or author. As many teachers also want supplemental " @@ -8915,22 +8987,22 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6970 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6990 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://openstax.org/adopters\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6966 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6986 msgid "" "Institutions can stand out by offering students a lower-cost education " "through the use of OpenStax textbooks; there’s even a textbook-savings " "calculator they can use to see how much students would save. OpenStax keeps " -"a running list of institutions that have adopted their " -"textbooks.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"a running list of institutions that have adopted their textbooks." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6973 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6993 msgid "" "Unlike traditional publishers’ monolithic approach of controlling " "intellectual property, distribution, and so many other aspects, OpenStax has " @@ -8939,20 +9011,20 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6979 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6999 msgid "" "Up-front funding of a professionally produced all-color turnkey textbook is " -"expensive. For this part of their model, OpenStax relies on " -"philanthropy. They have initially been funded by the William and Flora " -"Hewlett Foundation, the Laura and John Arnold Foundation, the Bill and " -"Melinda Gates Foundation, the 20 Million Minds Foundation, the Maxfield " -"Foundation, the Calvin K. Kazanjian Foundation, and Rice University. To " -"develop additional titles and supporting technology is probably still going " -"to require philanthropic investment." +"expensive. For this part of their model, OpenStax relies on philanthropy. " +"They have initially been funded by the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation, " +"the Laura and John Arnold Foundation, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, " +"the 20 Million Minds Foundation, the Maxfield Foundation, the Calvin K. " +"Kazanjian Foundation, and Rice University. To develop additional titles and " +"supporting technology is probably still going to require philanthropic " +"investment." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6990 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7010 msgid "" "However, ongoing operations will not rely on foundation grants but instead " "on funds received through an ecosystem of over forty partners, whereby a " @@ -8964,33 +9036,32 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7000 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7020 msgid "" "Another example is Odigia, who has turned OpenStax books into interactive " "learning experiences and created additional tools to measure and promote " -"student engagement. Odigia licenses its learning platform to " -"institutions. Partners like Odigia and WebAssign give a percentage of the " -"revenue they earn back to OpenStax, as mission-support fees. OpenStax has " -"already published revisions of their titles, such as Introduction to " -"Sociology 2e, using these funds." +"student engagement. Odigia licenses its learning platform to institutions. " +"Partners like Odigia and WebAssign give a percentage of the revenue they " +"earn back to OpenStax, as mission-support fees. OpenStax has already " +"published revisions of their titles, such as Introduction to Sociology 2e, " +"using these funds." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7010 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7030 msgid "" -"In David’s view, this approach lets the market operate at peak " -"efficiency. OpenStax’s partners don’t have to worry about developing " -"textbook content, freeing them up from those development costs and letting " -"them focus on what they do best. With OpenStax textbooks available at no " -"cost, they can provide their services at a lower cost—not free, but still " -"saving students money. OpenStax benefits not only by receiving " -"mission-support fees but through free publicity and marketing. OpenStax " -"doesn’t have a sales force; partners are out there showcasing their " -"materials." +"In David’s view, this approach lets the market operate at peak efficiency. " +"OpenStax’s partners don’t have to worry about developing textbook content, " +"freeing them up from those development costs and letting them focus on what " +"they do best. With OpenStax textbooks available at no cost, they can " +"provide their services at a lower cost—not free, but still saving students " +"money. OpenStax benefits not only by receiving mission-support fees but " +"through free publicity and marketing. OpenStax doesn’t have a sales force; " +"partners are out there showcasing their materials." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7022 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7042 msgid "" "OpenStax’s cost of sales to acquire a single student is very, very low and " "is a fraction of what traditional players in the market face. This year, " @@ -9000,7 +9071,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7030 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7050 msgid "" "While OpenStax books are available online for free, many students still want " "a print copy. Through a partnership with a print and courier company, " @@ -9012,12 +9083,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7040 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7060 msgid "" "Campus-based bookstores are part of the OpenStax solution. OpenStax " "collaborates with NACSCORP (the National Association of College Stores " -"Corporation) to provide print versions of their textbooks in the " -"stores. While the overall cost of the textbook is significantly less than a " +"Corporation) to provide print versions of their textbooks in the stores. " +"While the overall cost of the textbook is significantly less than a " "traditional textbook, bookstores can still make a profit on sales. Sometimes " "students take the savings they have from the lower-priced book and use it to " "buy other things in the bookstore. And OpenStax is trying to break the " @@ -9027,18 +9098,18 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7053 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7073 msgid "" -"David thinks of the OpenStax model as “OER 2.0.” So what is OER 1.0? " -"Historically in the OER field, many OER initiatives have been locally funded " -"by institutions or government ministries. In David’s view, this results in " -"content that has high local value but is infrequently adopted " +"David thinks of the OpenStax model as <quote>OER 2.0.</quote> So what is OER " +"1.0? Historically in the OER field, many OER initiatives have been locally " +"funded by institutions or government ministries. In David’s view, this " +"results in content that has high local value but is infrequently adopted " "nationally. It’s therefore difficult to show payback over a time scale that " "is reasonable." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7061 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7081 msgid "" "OER 2.0 is about OER intended to be used and adopted on a national level " "right from the start. This requires a bigger investment up front but pays " @@ -9052,7 +9123,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7074 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7094 msgid "" "The process is similar for both models. First they look at the scope and " "sequence of existing textbooks. They ask questions like what does the " @@ -9071,31 +9142,31 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7092 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7112 msgid "" "All the people involved in this process are paid. OpenStax does not rely on " -"volunteers. Writers, reviewers, illustrators, and editors are all paid an " -"up-front fee—OpenStax does not use a royalty model. A best-selling author " -"might make more money under the traditional publishing model, but that is " -"only maybe 5 percent of all authors. From David’s perspective, 95 percent of " -"all authors do better under the OER 2.0 model, as there is no risk to them " -"and they earn all the money up front." +"volunteers. Writers, reviewers, illustrators, and editors are all paid an up-" +"front fee—OpenStax does not use a royalty model. A best-selling author might " +"make more money under the traditional publishing model, but that is only " +"maybe 5 percent of all authors. From David’s perspective, 95 percent of all " +"authors do better under the OER 2.0 model, as there is no risk to them and " +"they earn all the money up front." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7102 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7122 msgid "" -"David thinks of the Attribution license (CC BY) as the “innovation license.” " -"It’s core to the mission of OpenStax, letting people use their textbooks in " -"innovative ways without having to ask for permission. It frees up the whole " -"market and has been central to OpenStax being able to bring on " -"partners. OpenStax sees a lot of customization of their materials. By " -"enabling frictionless remixing, CC BY gives teachers control and academic " +"David thinks of the Attribution license (CC BY) as the <quote>innovation " +"license.</quote> It’s core to the mission of OpenStax, letting people use " +"their textbooks in innovative ways without having to ask for permission. It " +"frees up the whole market and has been central to OpenStax being able to " +"bring on partners. OpenStax sees a lot of customization of their materials. " +"By enabling frictionless remixing, CC BY gives teachers control and academic " "freedom." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7111 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7132 msgid "" "Using CC BY is also a good example of using strategies that traditional " "publishers can’t. Traditional publishers rely on copyright to prevent others " @@ -9107,35 +9178,34 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7121 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7142 msgid "" -"As of September 16, 2016, OpenStax has achieved some impressive " -"results. From the OpenStax at a Glance fact sheet from their recent press " -"kit:" +"As of September 16, 2016, OpenStax has achieved some impressive results. " +"From the OpenStax at a Glance fact sheet from their recent press kit:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7128 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7149 msgid "Books published: 23" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7133 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7154 msgid "Students who have used OpenStax: 1.6 million" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7138 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7159 msgid "Money saved for students: $155 million" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7143 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7164 msgid "Money saved for students in the 2016/17 academic year: $77 million" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7149 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7170 msgid "" "Schools that have used OpenStax: 2,668 (This number reflects all " "institutions using at least one OpenStax textbook. Out of 2,668 schools, 517 " @@ -9144,7 +9214,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7158 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7179 msgid "" "While OpenStax has to date been focused on the United States, there is " "overseas adoption especially in the science, technology, engineering, and " @@ -9153,7 +9223,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7165 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7186 msgid "" "OpenStax has primarily focused on introductory-level college courses where " "there is high enrollment, but they are starting to think about verticals—a " @@ -9163,7 +9233,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7173 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7194 msgid "" "Finally, for OpenStax success is not just about the adoption of their " "textbooks and student savings. There is a human aspect to the work that is " @@ -9176,22 +9246,22 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7186 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7207 msgid "Amanda Palmer" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7189 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7210 msgid "Amanda Palmer is a musician, artist, and writer. Based in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7193 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7214 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://amandapalmer.net\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7195 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7216 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: crowdfunding " "(subscription-based), pay-what-you-want, charging for physical copies (book " @@ -9200,47 +9270,49 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7200 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7221 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: December 15, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7210 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7232 msgid "" -"<ulink " -"url=\"http://www.forbes.com/sites/zackomalleygreenburg/2015/04/16/amanda-palmer-uncut-the-kickstarter-queen-on-spotify-patreon-and-taylor-swift/#44e20ce46d67\"/>" +"<ulink url=\"http://www.forbes.com/sites/zackomalleygreenburg/2015/04/16/" +"amanda-palmer-uncut-the-kickstarter-queen-on-spotify-patreon-and-taylor-" +"swift/#44e20ce46d67\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7208 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7229 msgid "" "Since the beginning of her career, Amanda Palmer has been on what she calls " -"a “journey with no roadmap,” continually experimenting to find new ways to " -"sustain her creative work.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"a <quote>journey with no roadmap,</quote> continually experimenting to find " +"new ways to sustain her creative work.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" +"\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7213 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7235 msgid "" "In her best-selling book, The Art of Asking, Amanda articulates exactly what " -"she has been and continues to strive for—“the ideal sweet spot . . . in " -"which the artist can share freely and directly feel the reverberations of " -"their artistic gifts to the community, and make a living doing that.”" +"she has been and continues to strive for—<quote>the ideal sweet spot . . . " +"in which the artist can share freely and directly feel the reverberations of " +"their artistic gifts to the community, and make a living doing that.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7220 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7242 msgid "" "While she seems to have successfully found that sweet spot for herself, " "Amanda is the first to acknowledge there is no silver bullet. She thinks the " -"digital age is both an exciting and frustrating time for creators. “On the " -"one hand, we have this beautiful shareability,” Amanda said. “On the other, " -"you’ve got a bunch of confused artists wondering how to make money to buy " -"food so we can make more art.”" +"digital age is both an exciting and frustrating time for creators. <quote>On " +"the one hand, we have this beautiful shareability,</quote> Amanda said. " +"<quote>On the other, you’ve got a bunch of confused artists wondering how to " +"make money to buy food so we can make more art.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7229 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7251 msgid "" "Amanda began her artistic career as a street performer. She would dress up " "in an antique wedding gown, paint her face white, stand on a stack of milk " @@ -9248,52 +9320,56 @@ msgid "" "performance. She collected money in a hat. Most people walked by her without " "stopping, but an essential few stopped to watch and drop some money into her " "hat to show their appreciation. Rather than dwelling on the majority of " -"people who ignored her, she felt thankful for those who stopped. “All I " -"needed was . . . some people,” she wrote in her book. “Enough people. Enough " -"to make it worth coming back the next day, enough people to help me make " -"rent and put food on the table. Enough so I could keep making art.”" +"people who ignored her, she felt thankful for those who stopped. <quote>All " +"I needed was . . . some people,</quote> she wrote in her book. <quote>Enough " +"people. Enough to make it worth coming back the next day, enough people to " +"help me make rent and put food on the table. Enough so I could keep making " +"art.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7243 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7265 msgid "" "Amanda has come a long way from her street-performing days, but her career " -"remains dominated by that same sentiment—finding ways to reach “her crowd” " -"and feeling gratitude when she does. With her band the Dresden Dolls, Amanda " -"tried the traditional path of signing with a record label. It didn’t take " -"for a variety of reasons, but one of them was that the label had absolutely " -"no interest in Amanda’s view of success. They wanted hits, but making music " -"for the masses was never what Amanda and the Dresden Dolls set out to do." +"remains dominated by that same sentiment—finding ways to reach <quote>her " +"crowd</quote> and feeling gratitude when she does. With her band the Dresden " +"Dolls, Amanda tried the traditional path of signing with a record label. It " +"didn’t take for a variety of reasons, but one of them was that the label had " +"absolutely no interest in Amanda’s view of success. They wanted hits, but " +"making music for the masses was never what Amanda and the Dresden Dolls set " +"out to do." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7254 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7276 msgid "" "After leaving the record label in 2008, she began experimenting with " "different ways to make a living. She released music directly to the public " -"without involving a middle man, releasing digital files on a “pay what you " -"want” basis and selling CDs and vinyl. She also made money from live " -"performances and merchandise sales. Eventually, in 2012 she decided to try " -"her hand at the sort of crowdfunding we know so well today. Her Kickstarter " -"project started with a goal of $100,000, and she made $1.2 million. It " -"remains one of the most successful Kickstarter projects of all time." +"without involving a middle man, releasing digital files on a <quote>pay what " +"you want</quote> basis and selling CDs and vinyl. She also made money from " +"live performances and merchandise sales. Eventually, in 2012 she decided to " +"try her hand at the sort of crowdfunding we know so well today. Her " +"Kickstarter project started with a goal of $100,000, and she made $1.2 " +"million. It remains one of the most successful Kickstarter projects of all " +"time." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7266 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7288 msgid "" "Today, Amanda has switched gears away from crowdfunding for specific " "projects to instead getting consistent financial support from her fan base " "on Patreon, a crowdfunding site that allows artists to get recurring " "donations from fans. More than eight thousand people have signed up to " -"support her so she can create music, art, and any other creative “thing” " -"that she is inspired to make. The recurring pledges are made on a “per " -"thing” basis. All of the content she makes is made freely available under an " -"Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license (CC BY-NC-SA)." +"support her so she can create music, art, and any other creative " +"<quote>thing</quote> that she is inspired to make. The recurring pledges are " +"made on a <quote>per thing</quote> basis. All of the content she makes is " +"made freely available under an Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license " +"(CC BY-NC-SA)." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7277 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7300 msgid "" "Making her music and art available under Creative Commons licensing " "undoubtedly limits her options for how she makes a living. But sharing her " @@ -9301,10 +9377,10 @@ msgid "" "before she discovered Creative Commons. Amanda says the Dresden Dolls used " "to get ten emails per week from fans asking if they could use their music " "for different projects. They said yes to all of the requests, as long as it " -"wasn’t for a completely for-profit venture. At the time, they used a " -"short-form agreement written by Amanda herself. “I made everyone sign that " +"wasn’t for a completely for-profit venture. At the time, they used a short-" +"form agreement written by Amanda herself. <quote>I made everyone sign that " "contract so at least I wouldn’t be leaving the band vulnerable to someone " -"later going on and putting our music in a Camel cigarette ad,” Amanda " +"later going on and putting our music in a Camel cigarette ad,</quote> Amanda " "said. Once she discovered Creative Commons, adopting the licenses was an " "easy decision because it gave them a more formal, standardized way of doing " "what they had been doing all along. The NonCommercial licenses were a " @@ -9312,28 +9388,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7295 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7318 msgid "" "Amanda embraces the way her fans share and build upon her music. In The Art " "of Asking, she wrote that some of her fans’ unofficial videos using her " "music surpass the official videos in number of views on YouTube. Rather than " -"seeing this sort of thing as competition, Amanda celebrates it. “We got into " -"this because we wanted to share the joy of music,” she said." +"seeing this sort of thing as competition, Amanda celebrates it. <quote>We " +"got into this because we wanted to share the joy of music,</quote> she said." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7303 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7326 msgid "" "This is symbolic of how nearly everything she does in her career is " "motivated by a desire to connect with her fans. At the start of her career, " "she and the band would throw concerts at house parties. As the gatherings " -"grew, the line between fans and friends was completely blurred. “Not only " -"did most our early fans know where I lived and where we practiced, but most " -"of them had also been in my kitchen,” Amanda wrote in The Art of Asking." +"grew, the line between fans and friends was completely blurred. <quote>Not " +"only did most our early fans know where I lived and where we practiced, but " +"most of them had also been in my kitchen,</quote> Amanda wrote in The Art of " +"Asking." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7312 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7336 msgid "" "Even though her fan base is now huge and global, she continues to seek this " "sort of human connection with her fans. She seeks out face-to-face contact " @@ -9341,13 +9418,13 @@ msgid "" "featured fifty concerts at house parties for backers. She spends hours in " "the signing line after shows. It helps that Amanda has the kind of dynamic, " "engaging personality that instantly draws people to her, but a big component " -"of her ability to connect with people is her willingness to " -"listen. “Listening fast and caring immediately is a skill unto itself,” " +"of her ability to connect with people is her willingness to listen. " +"<quote>Listening fast and caring immediately is a skill unto itself,</quote> " "Amanda wrote." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7324 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7348 msgid "" "Another part of the connection fans feel with Amanda is how much they know " "about her life. Rather than trying to craft a public persona or image, she " @@ -9359,18 +9436,18 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7334 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7357 msgid "" -"“With social media, we’re so concerned with the picture looking palatable " -"and consumable that we forget that being human and showing the flaws and " -"exposing the vulnerability actually create a deeper connection than just " -"looking fantastic,” Amanda said. “Everything in our culture is telling us " -"otherwise. But my experience has shown me that the risk of making yourself " -"vulnerable is almost always worth it.”" +"<quote>With social media, we’re so concerned with the picture looking " +"palatable and consumable that we forget that being human and showing the " +"flaws and exposing the vulnerability actually create a deeper connection " +"than just looking fantastic,</quote> Amanda said. <quote>Everything in our " +"culture is telling us otherwise. But my experience has shown me that the " +"risk of making yourself vulnerable is almost always worth it.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7343 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7366 msgid "" "Not only does she disclose intimate details of her life to them, she sleeps " "on their couches, listens to their stories, cries with them. In short, she " @@ -9382,7 +9459,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7353 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7376 msgid "" "After years of investing time and energy into building trust with her fans, " "she has a strong enough relationship with them to ask for support—through " @@ -9394,29 +9471,30 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7363 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7385 msgid "" -"“When you openly, radically trust people, they not only take care of you, " -"they become your allies, your family,” she wrote. There really is a feeling " -"of solidarity within her core fan base. From the beginning, Amanda and her " -"band encouraged people to dress up for their shows. They consciously " -"cultivated a feeling of belonging to their “weird little family.”" +"<quote>When you openly, radically trust people, they not only take care of " +"you, they become your allies, your family,</quote> she wrote. There really " +"is a feeling of solidarity within her core fan base. From the beginning, " +"Amanda and her band encouraged people to dress up for their shows. They " +"consciously cultivated a feeling of belonging to their <quote>weird little " +"family.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7371 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7393 msgid "" "This sort of intimacy with fans is not possible or even desirable for every " -"creator. “I don’t take for granted that I happen to be the type of person " -"who loves cavorting with strangers,” Amanda said. “I recognize that it’s not " -"necessarily everyone’s idea of a good time. Everyone does it " -"differently. Replicating what I have done won’t work for others if it isn’t " -"joyful to them. It’s about finding a way to channel energy in a way that is " -"joyful to you.”" +"creator. <quote>I don’t take for granted that I happen to be the type of " +"person who loves cavorting with strangers,</quote> Amanda said. <quote>I " +"recognize that it’s not necessarily everyone’s idea of a good time. Everyone " +"does it differently. Replicating what I have done won’t work for others if " +"it isn’t joyful to them. It’s about finding a way to channel energy in a way " +"that is joyful to you.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7380 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7403 msgid "" "Yet while Amanda joyfully interacts with her fans and involves them in her " "work as much as possible, she does keep one job primarily to herself—writing " @@ -9431,65 +9509,67 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7393 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7416 msgid "" "For Amanda, the entire point of being an artist is to establish and maintain " -"this connection. “It sounds so corny,” she said, “but my experience in forty " -"years on this planet has pointed me to an obvious truth—that connection with " -"human beings feels so much better and more fulfilling than approaching art " -"through a capitalist lens. There is no more satisfying end goal than having " -"someone tell you that what you do is genuinely of value to them.”" +"this connection. <quote>It sounds so corny,</quote> she said, <quote>but my " +"experience in forty years on this planet has pointed me to an obvious truth—" +"that connection with human beings feels so much better and more fulfilling " +"than approaching art through a capitalist lens. There is no more satisfying " +"end goal than having someone tell you that what you do is genuinely of value " +"to them.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7402 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7426 msgid "" "As she explains it, when a fan gives her a ten-dollar bill, usually what " "they are saying is that the money symbolizes some deeper value the music " -"provided them. For Amanda, art is not just a product; it’s a " -"relationship. Viewed from this lens, what Amanda does today is not that " -"different from what she did as a young street performer. She shares her " -"music and other artistic gifts. She shares herself. And then rather than " -"forcing people to help her, she lets them." +"provided them. For Amanda, art is not just a product; it’s a relationship. " +"Viewed from this lens, what Amanda does today is not that different from " +"what she did as a young street performer. She shares her music and other " +"artistic gifts. She shares herself. And then rather than forcing people to " +"help her, she lets them." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7413 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7437 msgid "PLOS (Public Library of Science)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7416 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7440 msgid "" "PLOS (Public Library of Science) is a nonprofit that publishes a library of " -"academic journals and other scientific literature. Founded in 2000 in the " -"U.S." +"academic journals and other scientific literature. Founded in 2000 in the U." +"S." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7421 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7445 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://plos.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7423 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7447 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging content " "creators an author processing charge to be featured in the journal" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7427 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7451 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: March 7, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7429 -msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Louise Page, publisher" +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7453 +msgid "" +"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Louise Page, publisher" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7437 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7461 msgid "" "The Public Library of Science (PLOS) began in 2000 when three leading " "scientists—Harold E. Varmus, Patrick O. Brown, and Michael Eisen—started an " @@ -9499,13 +9579,13 @@ msgid "" "petition, most did not follow through. In August 2001, Patrick and Michael " "announced that they would start their own nonprofit publishing operation to " "do just what the petition promised. With start-up grant support from the " -"Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, PLOS was launched to provide new " -"open-access journals for biomedicine, with research articles being released " -"under Attribution (CC BY) licenses." +"Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, PLOS was launched to provide new open-" +"access journals for biomedicine, with research articles being released under " +"Attribution (CC BY) licenses." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7451 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7475 msgid "" "Traditionally, academic publishing begins with an author submitting a " "manuscript to a publisher. After in-house technical and ethical " @@ -9519,7 +9599,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7462 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7486 msgid "" "For Louise Page, the current publisher of PLOS, this traditional model " "results in inequity. Access is restricted to those who can pay. Most " @@ -9533,7 +9613,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7474 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7498 msgid "" "That new model became known as open access. That is, free and open " "availability on the Internet. Open-access research articles are not behind a " @@ -9547,7 +9627,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7486 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7510 msgid "" "However, open access requires rethinking the business model of research " "publication. Rather than charge a subscription fee to access the journal, " @@ -9561,28 +9641,27 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7498 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7522 msgid "" "Calculating the article-processing charge involves taking all the costs " "associated with publishing the journal and determining a cost per article " "that collectively recovers costs. For PLOS’s journals in biology, medicine, " "genetics, computational biology, neglected tropical diseases, and pathogens, " -"the article-processing charge ranges from $2,250 to " -"$2,900. Article-publication charges for PLOS ONE, a journal started in 2006, " -"are just under $1,500." +"the article-processing charge ranges from $2,250 to $2,900. Article-" +"publication charges for PLOS ONE, a journal started in 2006, are just under " +"$1,500." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7507 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7531 msgid "" -"PLOS believes that lack of funds should not be a barrier to " -"publication. Since its inception, PLOS has provided fee support for " -"individuals and institutions to help authors who can’t afford the " -"article-processing charges." +"PLOS believes that lack of funds should not be a barrier to publication. " +"Since its inception, PLOS has provided fee support for individuals and " +"institutions to help authors who can’t afford the article-processing charges." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7513 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7537 msgid "" "Louise identifies marketing as one area of big difference between PLOS and " "traditional journal publishers. Traditional journals have to invest heavily " @@ -9591,27 +9670,27 @@ msgid "" "for managing access control are necessary. They spend millions of dollars on " "access-control systems, staff to manage them, and sales staff. With PLOS’s " "open-access publishing, there’s no need for these massive expenses; the " -"articles are free, open, and accessible to all upon " -"publication. Additionally, traditional publishers tend to spend more on " -"marketing to libraries, who ultimately pay the subscription fees. PLOS " -"provides a better service for authors by promoting their research directly " -"to the research community and giving the authors exposure. And this " -"encourages other authors to submit their work for publication." +"articles are free, open, and accessible to all upon publication. " +"Additionally, traditional publishers tend to spend more on marketing to " +"libraries, who ultimately pay the subscription fees. PLOS provides a better " +"service for authors by promoting their research directly to the research " +"community and giving the authors exposure. And this encourages other authors " +"to submit their work for publication." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7530 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7554 msgid "" -"For Louise, PLOS would not exist without the Attribution license (CC " -"BY). This makes it very clear what rights are associated with the content " -"and provides a safe way for researchers to make their work available while " +"For Louise, PLOS would not exist without the Attribution license (CC BY). " +"This makes it very clear what rights are associated with the content and " +"provides a safe way for researchers to make their work available while " "ensuring they get recognition (appropriate attribution). For PLOS, all of " "this aligns with how they think research content should be published and " "disseminated." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7538 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7562 msgid "" "PLOS also has a broad open-data policy. To get their research paper " "published, PLOS authors must also make their data available in a public " @@ -9619,7 +9698,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7543 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7567 msgid "" "Business-operation costs associated with the open-access model still largely " "follow the existing publishing model. PLOS journals are online only, but the " @@ -9630,7 +9709,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7552 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7576 msgid "" "Researchers are influenced by journal rankings, which reflect the place of a " "journal within its field, the relative difficulty of being published in that " @@ -9639,7 +9718,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7558 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7582 msgid "" "The promotion and tenure of researchers are partially based how many times " "other researchers cite their articles. Louise says when researchers want to " @@ -9650,7 +9729,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7567 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7591 msgid "" "Louise believes that open access has been a huge success, progressing from a " "movement led by a small cadre of researchers to something that is now " @@ -9660,7 +9739,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7575 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7599 msgid "" "PLOS further disrupted the traditional journal-publishing model by " "pioneering the concept of a megajournal. The PLOS ONE megajournal, launched " @@ -9684,7 +9763,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7599 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7623 msgid "" "Louise outlined some other aspects of the research-journal business model " "PLOS is experimenting with, describing each as a kind of slider that could " @@ -9692,7 +9771,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7604 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7628 msgid "" "One slider is time to publication. Time to publication may shorten as " "journals get better at providing quicker decisions to authors. However, " @@ -9701,7 +9780,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7611 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7635 msgid "" "Peer review is another part of the process that could change. It’s possible " "to redefine what peer review actually is, when to review, and what " @@ -9715,7 +9794,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7623 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7647 msgid "" "Louise says research with negative outcomes is almost as important as " "positive results. If journals published more research with negative " @@ -9724,7 +9803,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7630 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7654 msgid "" "Another adjustable practice is the sharing of articles at early preprint " "stages. Publication of research in a peer-reviewed journal can take a long " @@ -9742,7 +9821,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7648 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7672 msgid "" "What constitutes a journal article could also change. The idea of a research " "article as printed, bound, and in a library stack is outdated. Digital and " @@ -9754,17 +9833,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7662 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7686 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://collections.plos.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7666 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7690 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://plos.org/article-level-metrics\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7658 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7682 msgid "" "As journals scale up, and new journals are introduced, more and more " "information is being pushed out to readers, making the experience feel like " @@ -9773,14 +9852,14 @@ msgid "" "type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> It also offers something called Article-Level " "Metrics, which helps users assess research most relevant to the field " "itself, based on indicators like usage, citations, social bookmarking and " -"dissemination activity, media and blog coverage, discussions, and " -"ratings.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> Louise believes that the " -"journal model could evolve to provide a more friendly and interactive user " +"dissemination activity, media and blog coverage, discussions, and ratings." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> Louise believes that the journal " +"model could evolve to provide a more friendly and interactive user " "experience, including a way for readers to communicate with authors." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7671 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7695 msgid "" "The big picture for PLOS going forward is to combine and adjust these " "experimental practices in ways that continue to improve accessibility and " @@ -9792,7 +9871,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7681 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7705 msgid "" "For PLOS, success is not about revenue. Success is about proving that " "scientific research can be communicated rapidly and economically at scale, " @@ -9804,7 +9883,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7691 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7715 msgid "" "Ultimately, for PLOS, its authors, and its readers, success is about making " "research discoverable, available, and reproducible for the advancement of " @@ -9812,24 +9891,24 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7697 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7721 msgid "Rijksmuseum" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7700 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7724 msgid "" -"The Rijksmuseum is a Dutch national museum dedicated to art and " -"history. Founded in 1800 in the Netherlands" +"The Rijksmuseum is a Dutch national museum dedicated to art and history. " +"Founded in 1800 in the Netherlands" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7704 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7728 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7706 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7730 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: grants and government " "funding, charging for in-person version (museum admission), selling " @@ -9837,19 +9916,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7710 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7734 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: December 11, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7713 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7737 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Lizzy Jongma, the data " "manager of the collections information department" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7721 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7745 msgid "" "The Rijksmuseum, a national museum in the Netherlands dedicated to art and " "history, has been housed in its current building since 1885. The monumental " @@ -9866,7 +9945,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7737 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7761 msgid "" "By the time Lizzy Jongma joined the Rijksmuseum in 2011 as a data manager, " "staff were fed up with the situation the museum was in. They also realized " @@ -9882,7 +9961,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7751 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7775 msgid "" "It was effective but a bit boring. It was just data. A hackathon they were " "invited to got them to start talking about events like that as having " @@ -9893,30 +9972,30 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7762 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7786 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.europeana.eu/portal/en\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7760 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7784 msgid "" "Then, Lizzy says, Europeana came along. Europeana is Europe’s digital " -"library, museum, and archive for cultural heritage.<placeholder " -"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> As an online portal to museum collections all " -"across Europe, Europeana had become an important online platform. In October " -"2010 Creative Commons released CC0 and its public-domain mark as tools " -"people could use to identify works as free of known copyright. Europeana was " -"the first major adopter, using CC0 to release metadata about their " -"collection and the public domain mark for millions of digital works in their " +"library, museum, and archive for cultural heritage.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> As an online portal to museum collections all across " +"Europe, Europeana had become an important online platform. In October 2010 " +"Creative Commons released CC0 and its public-domain mark as tools people " +"could use to identify works as free of known copyright. Europeana was the " +"first major adopter, using CC0 to release metadata about their collection " +"and the public domain mark for millions of digital works in their " "collection. Lizzy says the Rijksmuseum initially found this change in " "business practice a bit scary, but at the same time it stimulated even more " "discussion on whether the Rijksmuseum should follow suit." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7774 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7798 msgid "" -"They realized that they don’t “own” the collection and couldn’t " +"They realized that they don’t <quote>own</quote> the collection and couldn’t " "realistically monitor and enforce compliance with the restrictive licensing " "terms they currently had in place. For example, many copies and versions of " "Vermeer’s Milkmaid (part of their collection) were already online, many of " @@ -9928,7 +10007,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7787 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7811 msgid "" "In 2011 the Rijksmuseum began making their digital photos of works known to " "be free of copyright available online, using Creative Commons CC0 to place " @@ -9943,37 +10022,36 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7801 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7825 msgid "" "In 2013 the Rijksmuseum changed its business model. They Creative Commons " -"licensed their highest-quality images and released them online for " -"free. Digitization still cost money, however; they decided to define " -"discrete digitization projects and find sponsors willing to fund each " -"project. This turned out to be a successful strategy, generating high " -"interest from sponsors and lower administrative effort for the " -"Rijksmuseum. They started out making 150,000 high-quality images of their " -"collection available, with the goal to eventually have the entire collection " -"online." +"licensed their highest-quality images and released them online for free. " +"Digitization still cost money, however; they decided to define discrete " +"digitization projects and find sponsors willing to fund each project. This " +"turned out to be a successful strategy, generating high interest from " +"sponsors and lower administrative effort for the Rijksmuseum. They started " +"out making 150,000 high-quality images of their collection available, with " +"the goal to eventually have the entire collection online." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7812 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7836 msgid "" -"Releasing these high-quality images for free reduced the number of " -"poor-quality images that were proliferating. The high-quality image of " -"Vermeer’s Milkmaid, for example, is downloaded two to three thousand times a " -"month. On the Internet, images from a source like the Rijksmuseum are more " -"trusted, and releasing them with a Creative Commons CC0 means they can " -"easily be found in other platforms. For example, Rijksmuseum images are now " -"used in thousands of Wikipedia articles, receiving ten to eleven million " -"views per month. This extends Rijksmuseum’s reach far beyond the scope of " -"its website. Sharing these images online creates what Lizzy calls the “Mona " -"Lisa effect,” where a work of art becomes so famous that people want to see " -"it in real life by visiting the actual museum." +"Releasing these high-quality images for free reduced the number of poor-" +"quality images that were proliferating. The high-quality image of Vermeer’s " +"Milkmaid, for example, is downloaded two to three thousand times a month. On " +"the Internet, images from a source like the Rijksmuseum are more trusted, " +"and releasing them with a Creative Commons CC0 means they can easily be " +"found in other platforms. For example, Rijksmuseum images are now used in " +"thousands of Wikipedia articles, receiving ten to eleven million views per " +"month. This extends Rijksmuseum’s reach far beyond the scope of its website. " +"Sharing these images online creates what Lizzy calls the <quote>Mona Lisa " +"effect,</quote> where a work of art becomes so famous that people want to " +"see it in real life by visiting the actual museum." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7827 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7851 msgid "" "Every museum tends to be driven by the number of physical visitors. The " "Rijksmuseum is primarily publicly funded, receiving roughly 70 percent of " @@ -9984,7 +10062,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7835 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7859 msgid "" "As museums create a digital presence for themselves and put up digital " "representations of their collection online, there’s frequently a worry that " @@ -9999,12 +10077,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7855 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7879 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7849 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7873 msgid "" "In 2011 the Rijksmuseum received €1 million from the Dutch lottery to create " "a new web presence that would be different from any other museum’s. In " @@ -10015,20 +10093,20 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7858 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7882 msgid "" "The Rijksstudio gives users access to over two hundred thousand high-quality " "digital representations of masterworks from the collection. Users can zoom " "in to any work and even clip small parts of images they like. Rijksstudio is " -"a bit like Pinterest. You can “like” works and compile your personal " -"favorites, and you can share them with friends or download them free of " -"charge. All the images in the Rijksstudio are copyright and royalty free, " -"and users are encouraged to use them as they like, for private or even " +"a bit like Pinterest. You can <quote>like</quote> works and compile your " +"personal favorites, and you can share them with friends or download them " +"free of charge. All the images in the Rijksstudio are copyright and royalty " +"free, and users are encouraged to use them as they like, for private or even " "commercial purposes." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7869 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7893 msgid "" "Users have created over 276,000 Rijksstudios, generating their own themed " "virtual exhibitions on a wide variety of topics ranging from tapestries to " @@ -10037,12 +10115,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7876 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7900 msgid "" "Some contemporary artists who have works in the Rijksmuseum collection " -"contacted them to ask why their works were not included in the " -"Rijksstudio. The answer was that contemporary artists’ works are still bound " -"by copyright. The Rijksmuseum does encourage contemporary artists to use a " +"contacted them to ask why their works were not included in the Rijksstudio. " +"The answer was that contemporary artists’ works are still bound by " +"copyright. The Rijksmuseum does encourage contemporary artists to use a " "Creative Commons license for their works, usually a CC BY-SA license " "(Attribution-ShareAlike), or a CC BY-NC (Attribution-NonCommercial) if they " "want to preclude commercial use. That way, their works can be made available " @@ -10050,62 +10128,62 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7896 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7920 msgid "" -"<ulink " -"url=\"http://www.etsy.com/ca/listing/175696771/fringe-kimono-silk-kimono-kimono-robe\"/>" +"<ulink url=\"http://www.etsy.com/ca/listing/175696771/fringe-kimono-silk-" +"kimono-kimono-robe\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7887 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7911 msgid "" "The Rijksmuseum believes that art stimulates entrepreneurial activity. The " "line between creative and commercial can be blurry. As Lizzy says, even " -"Rembrandt was commercial, making his livelihood from selling his " -"paintings. The Rijksmuseum encourages entrepreneurial commercial use of the " -"images in Rijksstudio. They’ve even partnered with the DIY marketplace Etsy " -"to inspire people to sell their creations. One great example you can find on " +"Rembrandt was commercial, making his livelihood from selling his paintings. " +"The Rijksmuseum encourages entrepreneurial commercial use of the images in " +"Rijksstudio. They’ve even partnered with the DIY marketplace Etsy to " +"inspire people to sell their creations. One great example you can find on " "Etsy is a kimono designed by Angie Johnson, who used an image of an " "elaborate cabinet along with an oil painting by Jan Asselijn called The " "Threatened Swan.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7900 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7924 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-award\"/>; the 2014 " "award: <ulink url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-award-2014\"/>; " -"the 2015 award: <ulink " -"url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-award-2015\"/>" +"the 2015 award: <ulink url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-" +"award-2015\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7912 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7936 msgid "" -"<ulink " -"url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/rijksstudio/142328--nominees-rijksstudio-award/creaties/ba595afe-452d-46bd-9c8c-48dcbdd7f0a4\"/>" +"<ulink url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/rijksstudio/142328--nominees-" +"rijksstudio-award/creaties/ba595afe-452d-46bd-9c8c-48dcbdd7f0a4\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7899 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7923 msgid "" "In 2013 the Rijksmuseum organized their first high-profile design " "competition, known as the Rijksstudio Award.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " "id=\"0\"/> With the call to action Make Your Own Masterpiece, the " "competition invites the public to use Rijksstudio images to make new " "creative designs. A jury of renowned designers and curators selects ten " -"finalists and three winners. The final award comes with a prize of " -"€10,000. The second edition in 2015 attracted a staggering 892 top-class " -"entries. Some award winners end up with their work sold through the " -"Rijksmuseum store, such as the 2014 entry featuring makeup based on a " -"specific color scheme of a work of art.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " -"id=\"1\"/> The Rijksmuseum has been thrilled with the results. Entries " -"range from the fun to the weird to the inspirational. The third " -"international edition of the Rijksstudio Award started in September 2016." +"finalists and three winners. The final award comes with a prize of €10,000. " +"The second edition in 2015 attracted a staggering 892 top-class entries. " +"Some award winners end up with their work sold through the Rijksmuseum " +"store, such as the 2014 entry featuring makeup based on a specific color " +"scheme of a work of art.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> The " +"Rijksmuseum has been thrilled with the results. Entries range from the fun " +"to the weird to the inspirational. The third international edition of the " +"Rijksstudio Award started in September 2016." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7918 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7942 msgid "" "For the next iteration of the Rijksstudio, the Rijksmuseum is considering an " "upload tool, for people to upload their own works of art, and enhanced " @@ -10113,7 +10191,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7924 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7948 msgid "" "Going with a more open business model generated lots of publicity for the " "Rijksmuseum. They were one of the first museums to open up their collection " @@ -10124,7 +10202,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7933 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7957 msgid "" "The Rijksmuseum has been experimenting with other ways to invite the public " "to look at and interact with their collection. On an international day " @@ -10139,74 +10217,75 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7946 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7970 msgid "" "For the Rijksmuseum, adopting an open business model was scary. They came " "up with many worst-case scenarios, imagining all kinds of awful things " "people might do with the museum’s works. But Lizzy says those fears did not " -"come true because “ninety-nine percent of people have respect for great " -"art.” Many museums think they can make a lot of money by selling things " -"related to their collection. But in Lizzy’s experience, museums are usually " -"bad at selling things, and sometimes efforts to generate a small amount of " -"money block something much bigger—the real value that the collection " -"has. For Lizzy, clinging to small amounts of revenue is being penny-wise but " -"pound-foolish. For the Rijksmuseum, a key lesson has been to never lose " -"sight of its vision for the collection. Allowing access to and use of their " -"collection has generated great promotional value—far more than the previous " -"practice of charging fees for access and use. Lizzy sums up their " -"experience: “Give away; get something in return. Generosity makes people " -"happy to join you and help out.”" +"come true because <quote>ninety-nine percent of people have respect for " +"great art.</quote> Many museums think they can make a lot of money by " +"selling things related to their collection. But in Lizzy’s experience, " +"museums are usually bad at selling things, and sometimes efforts to generate " +"a small amount of money block something much bigger—the real value that the " +"collection has. For Lizzy, clinging to small amounts of revenue is being " +"penny-wise but pound-foolish. For the Rijksmuseum, a key lesson has been to " +"never lose sight of its vision for the collection. Allowing access to and " +"use of their collection has generated great promotional value—far more than " +"the previous practice of charging fees for access and use. Lizzy sums up " +"their experience: <quote>Give away; get something in return. Generosity " +"makes people happy to join you and help out.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7966 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7990 msgid "Shareable" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7969 -msgid "Shareable is an online magazine about sharing. Founded in 2009 in the U.S." +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7993 +msgid "" +"Shareable is an online magazine about sharing. Founded in 2009 in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7973 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7997 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.shareable.net\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7975 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7999 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: grant funding, " "crowdfunding (project-based), donations, sponsorships" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7978 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8002 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 24, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7981 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8005 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Neal Gorenflo, cofounder " "and executive editor" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7989 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8013 msgid "" "In 2013, Shareable faced an impasse. The nonprofit online publication had " "helped start a sharing movement four years prior, but over time, they " "watched one part of the movement stray from its ideals. As giants like Uber " -"and Airbnb gained ground, attention began to center on the “sharing economy” " -"we know now—profit-driven, transactional, and loaded with venture-capital " -"money. Leaders of corporate start-ups in this domain invited Shareable to " -"advocate for them. The magazine faced a choice: ride the wave or stand on " -"principle." +"and Airbnb gained ground, attention began to center on the <quote>sharing " +"economy</quote> we know now—profit-driven, transactional, and loaded with " +"venture-capital money. Leaders of corporate start-ups in this domain invited " +"Shareable to advocate for them. The magazine faced a choice: ride the wave " +"or stand on principle." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8000 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8024 msgid "" "As an organization, Shareable decided to draw a line in the sand. In 2013, " "the cofounder and executive editor Neal Gorenflo wrote an opinion piece in " @@ -10214,94 +10293,95 @@ msgid "" "Valley version of the sharing economy, while contrasting it with aspects of " "the real sharing economy like open-source software, participatory budgeting " "(where citizens decide how a public budget is spent), cooperatives, and " -"more. He wrote, “It’s not so much that collaborative consumption is dead, " -"it’s more that it risks dying as it gets absorbed by the ‘Borg.’”" +"more. He wrote, <quote>It’s not so much that collaborative consumption is " +"dead, it’s more that it risks dying as it gets absorbed by the <quote>Borg.</" +"quote></quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8012 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8036 msgid "" "Neal said their public critique of the corporate sharing economy defined " "what Shareable was and is. He does not think the magazine would still be " -"around had they chosen differently. “We would have gotten another type of " -"audience, but it would have spelled the end of us,” he said. “We are a " -"small, mission-driven organization. We would never have been able to weather " -"the criticism that Airbnb and Uber are getting now.”" +"around had they chosen differently. <quote>We would have gotten another type " +"of audience, but it would have spelled the end of us,</quote> he said. " +"<quote>We are a small, mission-driven organization. We would never have been " +"able to weather the criticism that Airbnb and Uber are getting now.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8021 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8046 msgid "" "Interestingly, impassioned supporters are only a small sliver of Shareable’s " "total audience. Most are casual readers who come across a Shareable story " "because it happens to align with a project or interest they have. But " "choosing principles over the possibility of riding the coattails of the " -"major corporate players in the sharing space saved Shareable’s " -"credibility. Although they became detached from the corporate sharing " -"economy, the online magazine became the voice of the “real sharing economy” " -"and continued to grow their audience." +"major corporate players in the sharing space saved Shareable’s credibility. " +"Although they became detached from the corporate sharing economy, the online " +"magazine became the voice of the <quote>real sharing economy</quote> and " +"continued to grow their audience." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8032 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8057 msgid "" "Shareable is a magazine, but the content they publish is a means to " "furthering their role as a leader and catalyst of a movement. Shareable " -"became a leader in the movement in 2009. “At that time, there was a sharing " -"movement bubbling beneath the surface, but no one was connecting the dots,” " -"Neal said. “We decided to step into that space and take on that role.” The " -"small team behind the nonprofit publication truly believed sharing could be " -"central to solving some of the major problems human beings face—resource " -"inequality, social isolation, and global warming." +"became a leader in the movement in 2009. <quote>At that time, there was a " +"sharing movement bubbling beneath the surface, but no one was connecting the " +"dots,</quote> Neal said. <quote>We decided to step into that space and take " +"on that role.</quote> The small team behind the nonprofit publication truly " +"believed sharing could be central to solving some of the major problems " +"human beings face—resource inequality, social isolation, and global warming." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8043 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8069 msgid "" "They have worked hard to find ways to tell stories that show different " -"metrics for success. “We wanted to change the notion of what constitutes the " -"good life,” Neal said. While they started out with a very broad focus on " -"sharing generally, today they emphasize stories about the physical commons " -"like “sharing cities” (i.e., urban areas managed in a sustainable, " -"cooperative way), as well as digital platforms that are run " -"democratically. They particularly focus on how-to content that help their " -"readers make changes in their own lives and communities." +"metrics for success. <quote>We wanted to change the notion of what " +"constitutes the good life,</quote> Neal said. While they started out with a " +"very broad focus on sharing generally, today they emphasize stories about " +"the physical commons like <quote>sharing cities</quote> (i.e., urban areas " +"managed in a sustainable, cooperative way), as well as digital platforms " +"that are run democratically. They particularly focus on how-to content that " +"help their readers make changes in their own lives and communities." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8054 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8081 msgid "" "More than half of Shareable’s stories are written by paid journalists that " -"are contracted by the magazine. “Particularly in content areas that are a " -"priority for us, we really want to go deep and control the quality,” Neal " -"said. The rest of the content is either contributed by guest writers, often " -"for free, or written by other publications from their network of content " -"publishers. Shareable is a member of the Post Growth Alliance, which " -"facilitates the sharing of content and audiences among a large and growing " -"group of mostly nonprofits. Each organization gets a chance to present " -"stories to the group, and the organizations can use and promote each other’s " -"stories. Much of the content created by the network is licensed with " -"Creative Commons." +"are contracted by the magazine. <quote>Particularly in content areas that " +"are a priority for us, we really want to go deep and control the quality,</" +"quote> Neal said. The rest of the content is either contributed by guest " +"writers, often for free, or written by other publications from their network " +"of content publishers. Shareable is a member of the Post Growth Alliance, " +"which facilitates the sharing of content and audiences among a large and " +"growing group of mostly nonprofits. Each organization gets a chance to " +"present stories to the group, and the organizations can use and promote each " +"other’s stories. Much of the content created by the network is licensed " +"with Creative Commons." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8068 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8096 msgid "" "All of Shareable’s original content is published under the Attribution " "license (CC BY), meaning it can be used for any purpose as long as credit is " "given to Shareable. Creative Commons licensing is aligned with Shareable’s " "vision, mission, and identity. That alone explains the organization’s " "embrace of the licenses for their content, but Neal also believes CC " -"licensing helps them increase their reach. “By using CC licensing,” he said, " -"“we realized we could reach far more people through a formal and informal " -"network of republishers or affiliates. That has definitely been the " -"case. It’s hard for us to measure the reach of other media properties, but " -"most of the outlets who republish our work have much bigger audiences than " -"we do.”" +"licensing helps them increase their reach. <quote>By using CC licensing,</" +"quote> he said, <quote>we realized we could reach far more people through a " +"formal and informal network of republishers or affiliates. That has " +"definitely been the case. It’s hard for us to measure the reach of other " +"media properties, but most of the outlets who republish our work have much " +"bigger audiences than we do.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8082 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8111 msgid "" "In addition to their regular news and commentary online, Shareable has also " "experimented with book publishing. In 2012, they worked with a traditional " @@ -10313,7 +10393,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8092 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8121 msgid "" "In 2016, Shareable self-published a book of curated Shareable stories called " "How to: Share, Save Money and Have Fun. The book was available for sale, but " @@ -10322,7 +10402,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8099 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8128 msgid "" "This recent book is one of many fund-raising experiments Shareable has " "conducted in recent years. Currently, Shareable is primarily funded by " @@ -10334,33 +10414,33 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8109 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8138 msgid "" "For Shareable, success is very much about their impact on the world. This is " -"true for Neal, but also for everyone who works for Shareable. “We attract " -"passionate people,” Neal said. At times, that means employees work so hard " -"they burn out. Neal tries to stress to the Shareable team that another part " -"of success is having fun and taking care of yourself while you do something " -"you love. “A central part of human beings is that we long to be on a great " -"adventure with people we love,” he said. “We are a species who look over the " -"horizon and imagine and create new worlds, but we also seek the comfort of " -"hearth and home.”" +"true for Neal, but also for everyone who works for Shareable. <quote>We " +"attract passionate people,</quote> Neal said. At times, that means " +"employees work so hard they burn out. Neal tries to stress to the Shareable " +"team that another part of success is having fun and taking care of yourself " +"while you do something you love. <quote>A central part of human beings is " +"that we long to be on a great adventure with people we love,</quote> he " +"said. <quote>We are a species who look over the horizon and imagine and " +"create new worlds, but we also seek the comfort of hearth and home.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8121 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8151 msgid "" "In 2013, Shareable ran its first crowdfunding campaign to launch their " "Sharing Cities Network. Neal said at first they were on pace to fail " -"spectacularly. They called in their advisers in a panic and asked for " -"help. The advice they received was simple—“Sit your ass in a chair and start " -"making calls.” That’s exactly what they did, and they ended up reaching " -"their $50,000 goal. Neal said the campaign helped them reach new people, but " -"the vast majority of backers were people in their existing base." +"spectacularly. They called in their advisers in a panic and asked for help. " +"The advice they received was simple—<quote>Sit your ass in a chair and start " +"making calls.</quote> That’s exactly what they did, and they ended up " +"reaching their $50,000 goal. Neal said the campaign helped them reach new " +"people, but the vast majority of backers were people in their existing base." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8131 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8161 msgid "" "For Neal, this symbolized how so much of success comes down to " "relationships. Over time, Shareable has invested time and energy into the " @@ -10370,39 +10450,39 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8138 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8168 msgid "" "Shareable began hosting events in 2010. These events were designed to bring " "the sharing community together. But over time they realized they could reach " -"far more people if they helped their readers to host their own events. “If " -"we wanted to go big on a conference, there was a huge risk and huge staffing " -"needs, plus only a fraction of our community could travel to the event,” " -"Neal said. Enabling others to create their own events around the globe " -"allowed them to scale up their work more effectively and reach far more " -"people. Shareable has catalyzed three hundred different events reaching over " -"twenty thousand people since implementing this strategy three years " -"ago. Going forward, Shareable is focusing the network on creating and " -"distributing content meant to spur local action. For instance, Shareable " -"will publish a new CC-licensed book in 2017 filled with ideas for their " -"network to implement." +"far more people if they helped their readers to host their own events. " +"<quote>If we wanted to go big on a conference, there was a huge risk and " +"huge staffing needs, plus only a fraction of our community could travel to " +"the event,</quote> Neal said. Enabling others to create their own events " +"around the globe allowed them to scale up their work more effectively and " +"reach far more people. Shareable has catalyzed three hundred different " +"events reaching over twenty thousand people since implementing this strategy " +"three years ago. Going forward, Shareable is focusing the network on " +"creating and distributing content meant to spur local action. For instance, " +"Shareable will publish a new CC-licensed book in 2017 filled with ideas for " +"their network to implement." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8155 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8185 msgid "" "Neal says Shareable stumbled upon this strategy, but it seems to perfectly " -"encapsulate just how the commons is supposed to work. Rather than a " -"one-size-fits-all approach, Shareable puts the tools out there for people " -"take the ideas and adapt them to their own communities." +"encapsulate just how the commons is supposed to work. Rather than a one-" +"size-fits-all approach, Shareable puts the tools out there for people take " +"the ideas and adapt them to their own communities." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8163 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8193 msgid "Siyavula" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8166 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8196 msgid "" "Siyavula is a for-profit educational-technology company that creates " "textbooks and integrated learning experiences. Founded in 2012 in South " @@ -10410,29 +10490,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8171 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8201 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.siyavula.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8173 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8203 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for custom " "services, sponsorships" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8176 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8206 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: April 5, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8178 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8208 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Mark Horner, CEO" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8185 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8215 msgid "" "Openness is a key principle for Siyavula. They believe that every learner " "and teacher should have access to high-quality educational resources, as " @@ -10442,7 +10522,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8193 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8223 msgid "" "In terms of creating an open business model that involves Creative Commons, " "Siyavula—and its founder, Mark Horner—have been around the block a few " @@ -10451,7 +10531,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8200 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8230 msgid "" "It all started in 2002, when Mark and several other colleagues at the " "University of Cape Town in South Africa founded the Free High School Science " @@ -10461,12 +10541,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8211 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8241 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8208 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8238 msgid "" "As physicists, Mark and his colleagues were advocates of open-source " "software. To make the books open and free, they adopted the Free Software " @@ -10478,7 +10558,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8217 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8247 msgid "" "In 2007, the Shuttleworth Foundation offered funding support to make the " "textbooks available for trial use at more schools. Surveys before and after " @@ -10488,7 +10568,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8225 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8255 msgid "" "But the development of new textbooks froze at this stage. Mark shifted his " "focus to rural schools, which didn’t have textbooks at all, and looked into " @@ -10497,12 +10577,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8235 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8265 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.capetowndeclaration.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8231 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8261 msgid "" "In 2007, Shuttleworth and the Open Society Institute convened a group of " "open-education activists for a small but lively meeting in Cape Town. One " @@ -10514,7 +10594,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8240 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8270 msgid "" "They wrote six original textbooks. A small publishing company offered " "Shuttleworth the option to buy out the publisher’s existing K–9 content for " @@ -10524,7 +10604,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8248 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8278 msgid "" "Mark wanted to build out the remaining curricula collaboratively through " "communities of practice—that is, with fellow educators and writers. Although " @@ -10533,19 +10613,19 @@ msgid "" "standard practice in education to copy diagrams and snippets of text, but of " "course this doesn’t always comply with copyright law. Another concern is " "transparency. Sharing what you’ve authored means everyone can see it and " -"opens you up to criticism. To alleviate these concerns, Mark adopted a " -"team-based approach to authoring and insisted the curricula be based " -"entirely on resources with Creative Commons licenses, thereby ensuring they " -"were safe to share and free from legal repercussions." +"opens you up to criticism. To alleviate these concerns, Mark adopted a team-" +"based approach to authoring and insisted the curricula be based entirely on " +"resources with Creative Commons licenses, thereby ensuring they were safe to " +"share and free from legal repercussions." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8267 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8297 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://cnx.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8263 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8293 msgid "" "Not only did Mark want the resources to be shareable, he wanted all teachers " "to be able to remix and edit the content. Mark and his team had to come up " @@ -10557,7 +10637,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8271 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8301 msgid "" "Then the Shuttleworth Foundation decided to completely restructure its work " "as a foundation into a fellowship model (for reasons completely unrelated to " @@ -10566,7 +10646,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8278 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8308 msgid "" "Mark and his team experimented with several different strategies. They " "tried creating an authoring and hosting platform called Full Marks so that " @@ -10577,7 +10657,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8286 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8316 msgid "" "Then the South African government approached Siyavula with an interest in " "printing out the original six Free High School Science Texts (math and " @@ -10588,7 +10668,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8294 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8324 msgid "" "They began to conceive of the six books as having massive marketing " "potential for Siyavula. Printing Siyavula books for every kid in South " @@ -10599,7 +10679,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8303 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8333 msgid "" "Mark and his team began imagining what they could develop beyond what was in " "the textbooks as a service they charge for. One key thing you can’t do well " @@ -10613,7 +10693,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8316 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8346 msgid "" "The costs for using Intelligent Practice were set very low, making it " "accessible even to those with limited financial means. Siyavula was going " @@ -10622,7 +10702,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8322 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8352 msgid "" "The government distributed the books to 1.5 million students, but there was " "an unexpected wrinkle: the books were delivered late. Rather than wait, " @@ -10633,18 +10713,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8331 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8361 msgid "" "Siyavula’s site did see a dramatic increase in traffic. They got five " "hundred thousand visitors per month to their math site and the same number " -"to their science site. Two-fifths of the traffic was reading on a “feature " -"phone” (a nonsmartphone with no apps). People on basic phones were reading " -"math and science on a two-inch screen at all hours of the day. To Mark, it " -"was quite amazing and spoke to a need they were servicing." +"to their science site. Two-fifths of the traffic was reading on a " +"<quote>feature phone</quote> (a nonsmartphone with no apps). People on basic " +"phones were reading math and science on a two-inch screen at all hours of " +"the day. To Mark, it was quite amazing and spoke to a need they were " +"servicing." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8340 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8370 msgid "" "At first, the Intelligent Practice services could only be paid using a " "credit card. This proved problematic, especially for those in the low-income " @@ -10655,7 +10736,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8349 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8379 msgid "" "Mark describes this as the first version of Siyavula’s business model: open " "textbooks serving as marketing material and driving traffic to your site, " @@ -10664,7 +10745,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8355 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8385 msgid "" "For Mark a key decision for Siyavula’s business was to focus on how they can " "add value on top of their basic service. They’ll charge only if they are " @@ -10675,10 +10756,10 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8364 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8394 msgid "" -"Version two of Siyavula’s business model was a big, ambitious idea—scale " -"up. They also decided to sell the Intelligent Practice service to schools " +"Version two of Siyavula’s business model was a big, ambitious idea—scale up. " +"They also decided to sell the Intelligent Practice service to schools " "directly. Schools can subscribe on a per-student, per-subject basis. A " "single subscription gives a learner access to a single subject, including " "practice content from every grade available for that subject. Lower " @@ -10688,7 +10769,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8375 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8405 msgid "" "Teachers get a dashboard that allows them to monitor the progress of an " "entire class or view an individual learner’s results. They can see the " @@ -10699,7 +10780,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8384 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8414 msgid "" "Based on the success of this effort, Siyavula decided to substantially " "increase the production of open educational resources so they could provide " @@ -10709,12 +10790,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8395 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8425 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.siyavula.com/products-primary-school.html\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8392 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8422 msgid "" "In partnership with, and sponsored by, the Sasol Inzalo Foundation, Siyavula " "produced a series of natural sciences and technology workbooks for grades 4 " @@ -10724,7 +10805,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8399 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8429 msgid "" "Through this experience, Siyavula learned they could get sponsors to help " "fund openly licensed textbooks. It helped that Siyavula had by this time " @@ -10736,7 +10817,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8409 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8439 msgid "" "The Siyavula books that are reviewed, approved, and branded by the " "government are freely and openly available on Siyavula’s website under an " @@ -10747,20 +10828,20 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8417 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8447 msgid "" "Although the South African government paid to print and distribute hard " "copies of the books to schoolkids, Siyavula itself received no funding from " "the government. Siyavula initially tried to convince the government to " "provide them with five rand per book (about US35¢). With those funds, Mark " -"says that Siyavula could have run its entire operation, built a " -"community-based model for producing more books, and provide Intelligent " -"Practice for free to every child in the country. But after a lengthy " -"negotiation, the government said no." +"says that Siyavula could have run its entire operation, built a community-" +"based model for producing more books, and provide Intelligent Practice for " +"free to every child in the country. But after a lengthy negotiation, the " +"government said no." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8428 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8458 msgid "" "Using Siyavula books generated huge savings for the government. Providing " "students with a traditionally published grade 12 science or math textbook " @@ -10772,7 +10853,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8438 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8468 msgid "" "Just as Siyavula was planning to scale up the production of open textbooks " "even more, the South African government changed its textbook policy. To save " @@ -10782,7 +10863,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8446 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8476 msgid "" "Rather than producing more textbooks, Siyavula focused on improving its " "Intelligent Practice technology for its existing books. Mark calls this " @@ -10795,16 +10876,16 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8457 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8487 msgid "" "Mark says sales are way up, and they are really nailing Intelligent " -"Practice. Schools continue to use their open textbooks. The " -"government-announced policy that there would be only one textbook per " -"subject turned out to be highly contentious and is in limbo." +"Practice. Schools continue to use their open textbooks. The government-" +"announced policy that there would be only one textbook per subject turned " +"out to be highly contentious and is in limbo." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8464 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8494 msgid "" "Siyavula is exploring a range of enhancements to their business model. These " "include charging a small amount for assessment services provided over the " @@ -10814,57 +10895,58 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8472 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8502 msgid "" "Siyavula is a for-profit business but one with a social mission. Their " "shareholders’ agreement lists lots of requirements around openness for " "Siyavula, including stipulations that content always be put under an open " "license and that they can’t charge for something that people volunteered to " "do for them. They believe each individual should have access to the " -"resources and support they need to achieve the education they " -"deserve. Having educational resources openly licensed with Creative Commons " -"means they can fulfill their social mission, on top of which they can build " +"resources and support they need to achieve the education they deserve. " +"Having educational resources openly licensed with Creative Commons means " +"they can fulfill their social mission, on top of which they can build " "revenue-generating services to sustain the ongoing operation of Siyavula. In " "terms of open business models, Mark and Siyavula may have been around the " "block a few times, but both he and the company are stronger for it." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8488 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8518 msgid "SparkFun" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8491 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8521 msgid "" -"SparkFun is an online electronics retailer specializing in open " -"hardware. Founded in 2003 in the U.S." +"SparkFun is an online electronics retailer specializing in open hardware. " +"Founded in 2003 in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8495 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8525 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.sparkfun.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8497 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8527 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for physical " "copies (electronics sales)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8500 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8530 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 29, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8503 -msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Nathan Seidle, founder" +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8533 +msgid "" +"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Nathan Seidle, founder" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8511 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8541 msgid "" "SparkFun founder and former CEO Nathan Seidle has a picture of himself " "holding up a clone of a SparkFun product in an electronics market in China, " @@ -10874,16 +10956,16 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8518 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8547 msgid "" -"“Being copied is the greatest earmark of flattery and success,” Nathan " -"said. “I thought it was so cool that they were selling to a market we were " -"never going to get access to otherwise. It was evidence of our impact on the " -"world.”" +"<quote>Being copied is the greatest earmark of flattery and success,</quote> " +"Nathan said. <quote>I thought it was so cool that they were selling to a " +"market we were never going to get access to otherwise. It was evidence of " +"our impact on the world.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8524 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8553 msgid "" "This worldview runs through everything SparkFun does. SparkFun is an " "electronics manufacturer. The company sells its products directly to the " @@ -10894,74 +10976,76 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8533 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8562 msgid "" -"Nathan believes open licensing is good for the world. “It touches on our " -"natural human instinct to share,” he said. But he also strongly believes it " -"makes SparkFun better at what they do. They encourage copying, and their " -"products are copied at a very fast rate, often within ten to twelve weeks of " -"release. This forces the company to compete on something other than product " -"design, or what most commonly consider their intellectual property." +"Nathan believes open licensing is good for the world. <quote>It touches on " +"our natural human instinct to share,</quote> he said. But he also strongly " +"believes it makes SparkFun better at what they do. They encourage copying, " +"and their products are copied at a very fast rate, often within ten to " +"twelve weeks of release. This forces the company to compete on something " +"other than product design, or what most commonly consider their intellectual " +"property." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8542 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8571 msgid "" -"“We compete on business principles,” Nathan said. “Claiming your territory " -"with intellectual property allows you to get comfy and rest on your " -"laurels. It gives you a safety net. We took away that safety net.”" +"<quote>We compete on business principles,</quote> Nathan said. " +"<quote>Claiming your territory with intellectual property allows you to get " +"comfy and rest on your laurels. It gives you a safety net. We took away that " +"safety net.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8548 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8577 msgid "" "The result is an intense company-wide focus on product development and " -"improvement. “Our products are so much better than they were five years " -"ago,” Nathan said. “We used to just sell products. Now it’s a product plus a " -"video, a seventeen-page hookup guide, and example firmware on three " -"different platforms to get you up and running faster. We have gotten better " -"because we had to in order to compete. As painful as it is for us, it’s " -"better for the customers.”" +"improvement. <quote>Our products are so much better than they were five " +"years ago,</quote> Nathan said. <quote>We used to just sell products. Now " +"it’s a product plus a video, a seventeen-page hookup guide, and example " +"firmware on three different platforms to get you up and running faster. We " +"have gotten better because we had to in order to compete. As painful as it " +"is for us, it’s better for the customers.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8558 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8587 msgid "" "SparkFun parts are available on eBay for lower prices. But people come " "directly to SparkFun because SparkFun makes their lives easier. The example " "code works; there is a service number to call; they ship replacement parts " -"the day they get a service call. They invest heavily in service and " -"support. “I don’t believe businesses should be competing with IP " -"[intellectual property] barriers,” Nathan said. “This is the stuff they " -"should be competing on.”" +"the day they get a service call. They invest heavily in service and support. " +"<quote>I don’t believe businesses should be competing with IP [intellectual " +"property] barriers,</quote> Nathan said. <quote>This is the stuff they " +"should be competing on.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8567 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8597 msgid "" "SparkFun’s company history began in Nathan’s college dorm room. He spent a " "lot of time experimenting with and building electronics, and he realized " -"there was a void in the market. “If you wanted to place an order for " -"something,” he said, “you first had to search far and wide to find it, and " -"then you had to call or fax someone.” In 2003, during his third year of " -"college, he registered <ulink url=\"http://sparkfun.com\"/> and started " -"reselling products out of his bedroom. After he graduated, he started making " -"and selling his own products." +"there was a void in the market. <quote>If you wanted to place an order for " +"something,</quote> he said, <quote>you first had to search far and wide to " +"find it, and then you had to call or fax someone.</quote> In 2003, during " +"his third year of college, he registered <ulink url=\"http://sparkfun.com\"/" +"> and started reselling products out of his bedroom. After he graduated, he " +"started making and selling his own products." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8578 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8609 msgid "" "Once he started designing his own products, he began putting the software " "and schematics online to help with technical support. After doing some " "research on licensing options, he chose Creative Commons licenses because he " -"was drawn to the “human-readable deeds” that explain the licensing terms in " -"simple terms. SparkFun still uses CC licenses for all of the schematics and " -"firmware for the products they create." +"was drawn to the <quote>human-readable deeds</quote> that explain the " +"licensing terms in simple terms. SparkFun still uses CC licenses for all of " +"the schematics and firmware for the products they create." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8587 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8618 msgid "" "The company has grown from a solo project to a corporation with 140 " "employees. In 2015, SparkFun earned $33 million in revenue. Selling " @@ -10972,39 +11056,39 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8596 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8627 msgid "" "SparkFun also has an educational department dedicated to creating a hands-on " -"curriculum to teach students about electronics using prototyping " -"parts. Because SparkFun has always been dedicated to enabling others to " -"re-create and fix their products on their own, the more recent focus on " -"introducing young people to technology is a natural extension of their core " -"business." +"curriculum to teach students about electronics using prototyping parts. " +"Because SparkFun has always been dedicated to enabling others to re-create " +"and fix their products on their own, the more recent focus on introducing " +"young people to technology is a natural extension of their core business." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8604 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8634 msgid "" -"“We have the burden and opportunity to educate the next generation of " -"technical citizens,” Nathan said. “Our goal is to affect the lives of three " -"hundred and fifty thousand high school students by 2020.”" +"<quote>We have the burden and opportunity to educate the next generation of " +"technical citizens,</quote> Nathan said. <quote>Our goal is to affect the " +"lives of three hundred and fifty thousand high school students by 2020.</" +"quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8610 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8640 msgid "" "The Creative Commons license underlying all of SparkFun’s products is " "central to this mission. The license not only signals a willingness to " "share, but it also expresses a desire for others to get in and tinker with " "their products, both to learn and to make their products better. SparkFun " -"uses the Attribution-ShareAlike license (CC BY-SA), which is a “copyleft” " -"license that allows people to do anything with the content as long as they " -"provide credit and make any adaptations available under the same licensing " -"terms." +"uses the Attribution-ShareAlike license (CC BY-SA), which is a " +"<quote>copyleft</quote> license that allows people to do anything with the " +"content as long as they provide credit and make any adaptations available " +"under the same licensing terms." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8621 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8651 msgid "" "From the beginning, Nathan has tried to create a work environment at " "SparkFun that he himself would want to work in. The result is what appears " @@ -11016,34 +11100,35 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8632 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8662 msgid "" "The public event, called the Autonomous Vehicle Competition, brings in a " "thousand to two thousand customers and other technology enthusiasts from " "around the area to race their own self-created bots against each other, " "participate in training workshops, and socialize. From a business " "perspective, Nathan says it’s a terrible idea. But they don’t hold the event " -"for business reasons. “The reason we do it is because I get to travel and " -"have interactions with our customers all the time, but most of our employees " -"don’t,” he said. “This event gives our employees the opportunity to get " -"face-to-face contact with our customers.” The event infuses their work with " -"a human element, which makes it more meaningful." +"for business reasons. <quote>The reason we do it is because I get to travel " +"and have interactions with our customers all the time, but most of our " +"employees don’t,</quote> he said. <quote>This event gives our employees the " +"opportunity to get face-to-face contact with our customers.</quote> The " +"event infuses their work with a human element, which makes it more " +"meaningful." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8646 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8676 msgid "" "Nathan has worked hard to imbue a deeper meaning into the work SparkFun " "does. The company is, of course, focused on being fiscally responsible, but " -"they are ultimately driven by something other than money. “Profit is not the " -"goal; it is the outcome of a well-executed plan,” Nathan said. “We focus on " -"having a bigger impact on the world.” Nathan believes they get some of the " -"brightest and most amazing employees because they aren’t singularly focused " -"on the bottom line." +"they are ultimately driven by something other than money. <quote>Profit is " +"not the goal; it is the outcome of a well-executed plan,</quote> Nathan " +"said. <quote>We focus on having a bigger impact on the world.</quote> Nathan " +"believes they get some of the brightest and most amazing employees because " +"they aren’t singularly focused on the bottom line." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8656 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8686 msgid "" "The company is committed to transparency and shares all of its financials " "with its employees. They also generally strive to avoid being another " @@ -11053,43 +11138,46 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8663 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8693 msgid "" "SparkFun’s customer base is largely made up of industrious electronics " "enthusiasts. They have customers who are regularly involved in the company’s " "customer support, independently responding to questions in forums and " "product-comment sections. Customers also bring product ideas to the " "company. SparkFun regularly sifts through suggestions from customers and " -"tries to build on them where they can. “From the beginning, we have been " -"listening to the community,” Nathan said. “Customers would identify a pain " -"point, and we would design something to address it.”" +"tries to build on them where they can. <quote>From the beginning, we have " +"been listening to the community,</quote> Nathan said. <quote>Customers " +"would identify a pain point, and we would design something to address it.</" +"quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8675 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8705 msgid "" "However, this sort of customer engagement does not always translate to " "people actively contributing to SparkFun’s projects. The company has a " "public repository of software code for each of its devices online. On a " "particularly active project, there will only be about two dozen people " "contributing significant improvements. The vast majority of projects are " -"relatively untouched by the public. “There is a theory that if you " -"open-source it, they will come,” Nathan said. “That’s not really true.”" +"relatively untouched by the public. <quote>There is a theory that if you " +"open-source it, they will come,</quote> Nathan said. <quote>That’s not " +"really true.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8686 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8716 msgid "" "Rather than focusing on cocreation with their customers, SparkFun instead " "focuses on enabling people to copy, tinker, and improve products on their " "own. They heavily invest in tutorials and other material designed to help " "people understand how the products work so they can fix and improve things " -"independently. “What gives me joy is when people take open-source layouts " -"and then build their own circuit boards from our designs,” Nathan said." +"independently. <quote>What gives me joy is when people take open-source " +"layouts and then build their own circuit boards from our designs,</quote> " +"Nathan said." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8695 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8726 msgid "" "Obviously, opening up the design of their products is a necessary step if " "their goal is to empower the public. Nathan also firmly believes it makes " @@ -11104,51 +11192,51 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8709 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8740 msgid "TeachAIDS" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8712 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8743 msgid "" "TeachAIDS is a nonprofit that creates educational materials designed to " -"teach people around the world about HIV and AIDS. Founded in 2005 in the " -"U.S." +"teach people around the world about HIV and AIDS. Founded in 2005 in the U." +"S." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8717 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8748 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://teachaids.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8719 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8750 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: sponsorships" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8721 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8752 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: March 24, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8724 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8755 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: Piya Sorcar, the CEO, and " "Shuman Ghosemajumder, the chair" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8732 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8763 msgid "" "TeachAIDS is an unconventional media company with a conventional revenue " -"model. Like most media companies, they are subsidized by " -"advertising. Corporations pay to have their logos appear on the educational " -"materials TeachAIDS distributes." +"model. Like most media companies, they are subsidized by advertising. " +"Corporations pay to have their logos appear on the educational materials " +"TeachAIDS distributes." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8738 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8769 msgid "" "But unlike most media companies, Teach-AIDS is a nonprofit organization with " "a purely social mission. TeachAIDS is dedicated to educating the global " @@ -11163,42 +11251,42 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8751 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8782 msgid "" "TeachAIDS is a labor of love for founder and CEO Piya Sorcar, who earns a " "salary of one dollar per year from the nonprofit. The project grew out of " -"research she was doing while pursuing her doctorate at Stanford " -"University. She was reading reports about India, noting it would be the next " -"hot zone of people living with HIV. Despite international and national " -"entities pouring in hundreds of millions of dollars on HIV-prevention " -"efforts, the reports showed knowledge levels were still low. People were " -"unaware of whether the virus could be transmitted through coughing and " -"sneezing, for instance. Supported by an interdisciplinary team of experts at " -"Stanford, Piya conducted similar studies, which corroborated the previous " -"research. They found that the primary cause of the limited understanding was " -"that HIV, and issues relating to it, were often considered too taboo to " -"discuss comprehensively. The other major problem was that most of the " -"education on this topic was being taught through television advertising, " -"billboards, and other mass-media campaigns, which meant people were only " -"receiving bits and pieces of information." +"research she was doing while pursuing her doctorate at Stanford University. " +"She was reading reports about India, noting it would be the next hot zone of " +"people living with HIV. Despite international and national entities pouring " +"in hundreds of millions of dollars on HIV-prevention efforts, the reports " +"showed knowledge levels were still low. People were unaware of whether the " +"virus could be transmitted through coughing and sneezing, for instance. " +"Supported by an interdisciplinary team of experts at Stanford, Piya " +"conducted similar studies, which corroborated the previous research. They " +"found that the primary cause of the limited understanding was that HIV, and " +"issues relating to it, were often considered too taboo to discuss " +"comprehensively. The other major problem was that most of the education on " +"this topic was being taught through television advertising, billboards, and " +"other mass-media campaigns, which meant people were only receiving bits and " +"pieces of information." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8771 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8802 msgid "" "In late 2005, Piya and her team used research-based design to create new " "educational materials and worked with local partners in India to help " "distribute them. As soon as the animated software was posted online, Piya’s " "team started receiving requests from individuals and governments who were " -"interested in bringing this model to more countries. “We realized fairly " -"quickly that educating large populations about a topic that was considered " -"taboo would be challenging. We began by identifying optimal local partners " -"and worked toward creating an effective, culturally appropriate education,” " -"Piya said." +"interested in bringing this model to more countries. <quote>We realized " +"fairly quickly that educating large populations about a topic that was " +"considered taboo would be challenging. We began by identifying optimal local " +"partners and worked toward creating an effective, culturally appropriate " +"education,</quote> Piya said." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8783 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8814 msgid "" "Very shortly after the initial release, Piya’s team decided to spin the " "endeavor into an independent nonprofit out of Stanford University. They also " @@ -11206,34 +11294,35 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8789 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8820 msgid "" "Given their educational mission, TeachAIDS had an obvious interest in seeing " "the materials as widely shared as possible. But they also needed to preserve " "the integrity of the medical information in the content. They chose the " "Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs license (CC BY-NC-ND), which essentially " "gives the public the right to distribute only verbatim copies of the " -"content, and for noncommercial purposes. “We wanted attribution for " -"TeachAIDS, and we couldn’t stand by derivatives without vetting them,” the " -"cofounder and chair Shuman Ghosemajumder said. “It was almost a no-brainer " -"to go with a CC license because it was a plug-and-play solution to this " -"exact problem. It has allowed us to scale our materials safely and quickly " -"worldwide while preserving our content and protecting us at the same time.”" +"content, and for noncommercial purposes. <quote>We wanted attribution for " +"TeachAIDS, and we couldn’t stand by derivatives without vetting them,</" +"quote> the cofounder and chair Shuman Ghosemajumder said. <quote>It was " +"almost a no-brainer to go with a CC license because it was a plug-and-play " +"solution to this exact problem. It has allowed us to scale our materials " +"safely and quickly worldwide while preserving our content and protecting us " +"at the same time.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8804 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8836 msgid "" "Choosing a license that does not allow adaptation of the content was an " "outgrowth of the careful precision with which TeachAIDS crafts their " "content. The organization invests heavily in research and testing to " -"determine the best method of conveying the information. “Creating " -"high-quality content is what matters most to us,” Piya said. “Research " -"drives everything we do.”" +"determine the best method of conveying the information. <quote>Creating high-" +"quality content is what matters most to us,</quote> Piya said. " +"<quote>Research drives everything we do.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8812 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8845 msgid "" "One important finding was that people accept the message best when it comes " "from familiar voices they trust and admire. To achieve this, TeachAIDS " @@ -11244,7 +11333,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8821 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8854 msgid "" "Localization is probably the single-most important aspect of the way " "TeachAIDS creates its content. While each regional version builds from the " @@ -11260,7 +11349,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8836 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8869 msgid "" "The localization process relies heavily on volunteers. Their volunteer base " "is deeply committed to the cause, and the organization has had better luck " @@ -11268,16 +11357,16 @@ msgid "" "using paid translators. For quality control, TeachAIDS has three separate " "volunteer teams translate the materials from English to the local language " "and customize the content based on local customs and norms. Those three " -"versions are then analyzed and combined into a single master " -"translation. TeachAIDS has additional teams of volunteers then translate " -"that version back into English to see how well it lines up with the original " -"materials. They repeat this process until they reach a translated version " -"that meets their standards. For the Tibetan version, they went through this " -"cycle eleven times." +"versions are then analyzed and combined into a single master translation. " +"TeachAIDS has additional teams of volunteers then translate that version " +"back into English to see how well it lines up with the original materials. " +"They repeat this process until they reach a translated version that meets " +"their standards. For the Tibetan version, they went through this cycle " +"eleven times." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8852 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8885 msgid "" "TeachAIDS employs full-time employees, contractors, and volunteers, all in " "different capacities and organizational configurations. They are careful to " @@ -11290,29 +11379,29 @@ msgid "" "but highly controlled, creative process is undertaken entirely by people who " "are specifically brought on to help with a particular project, rather than " "ongoing staff. The final product they create is designed to require zero " -"training for people to implement in practice. “In our research, we found we " -"can’t depend on people passing on the information correctly, even if they " -"have the best of intentions,” Piya said. “We need materials where you can " -"push play and they will work.”" +"training for people to implement in practice. <quote>In our research, we " +"found we can’t depend on people passing on the information correctly, even " +"if they have the best of intentions,</quote> Piya said. <quote>We need " +"materials where you can push play and they will work.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8871 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8905 msgid "" "Piya’s team was able to produce all of these versions over several years " "with a head count that never exceeded eight full-time employees. The " -"organization is able to reduce costs by relying heavily on volunteers and " -"in-kind donations. Nevertheless, the nonprofit needed a sustainable revenue " +"organization is able to reduce costs by relying heavily on volunteers and in-" +"kind donations. Nevertheless, the nonprofit needed a sustainable revenue " "model to subsidize content creation and physical distribution of the " -"materials. Charging even a low price was simply not an option. “Educators " -"from various nonprofits around the world were just creating their own " -"materials using whatever they could find for free online,” Shuman said. “The " -"only way to persuade them to use our highly effective model was to make it " -"completely free.”" +"materials. Charging even a low price was simply not an option. " +"<quote>Educators from various nonprofits around the world were just creating " +"their own materials using whatever they could find for free online,</quote> " +"Shuman said. <quote>The only way to persuade them to use our highly " +"effective model was to make it completely free.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8884 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8918 msgid "" "Like many content creators offering their work for free, they settled on " "advertising as a funding model. But they were extremely careful not to let " @@ -11325,61 +11414,61 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8895 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8929 msgid "" "TeachAIDS is careful not to seek funding to cover the costs of a specific " "project. Instead, sponsorships are structured as unrestricted donations to " "the nonprofit. This gives the nonprofit more stability, but even more " "importantly, it enables them to subsidize projects being localized for an " -"area with no sponsors. “If we just created versions based on where we could " -"get sponsorships, we would only have materials for wealthier countries,” " -"Shuman said." +"area with no sponsors. <quote>If we just created versions based on where we " +"could get sponsorships, we would only have materials for wealthier countries," +"</quote> Shuman said." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8905 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8939 msgid "" -"As of 2016, TeachAIDS has dozens of sponsors. “When we go into a new " -"country, various companies hear about us and reach out to us,” Piya " -"said. “We don’t have to do much to find or attract them.” They believe the " -"sponsorships are easy to sell because they offer so much value to " -"sponsors. TeachAIDS sponsorships give corporations the chance to reach new " -"eyeballs with their brand, but at a much lower cost than other advertising " -"channels. The audience for TeachAIDS content also tends to skew young, which " -"is often a desirable demographic for brands. Unlike traditional advertising, " -"the content is not time-sensitive, so an investment in a sponsorship can " -"benefit a brand for many years to come." +"As of 2016, TeachAIDS has dozens of sponsors. <quote>When we go into a new " +"country, various companies hear about us and reach out to us,</quote> Piya " +"said. <quote>We don’t have to do much to find or attract them.</quote> They " +"believe the sponsorships are easy to sell because they offer so much value " +"to sponsors. TeachAIDS sponsorships give corporations the chance to reach " +"new eyeballs with their brand, but at a much lower cost than other " +"advertising channels. The audience for TeachAIDS content also tends to skew " +"young, which is often a desirable demographic for brands. Unlike traditional " +"advertising, the content is not time-sensitive, so an investment in a " +"sponsorship can benefit a brand for many years to come." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8918 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8953 msgid "" "Importantly, the value to corporate sponsors goes beyond commercial " "considerations. As a nonprofit with a clearly articulated social mission, " -"corporate sponsorships are donations to a cause. “This is something " -"companies can be proud of internally,” Shuman said. Some companies have even " -"built publicity campaigns around the fact that they have sponsored these " -"initiatives." +"corporate sponsorships are donations to a cause. <quote>This is something " +"companies can be proud of internally,</quote> Shuman said. Some companies " +"have even built publicity campaigns around the fact that they have sponsored " +"these initiatives." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8927 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8962 msgid "" -"The core mission of TeachAIDS—ensuring global access to life-saving " -"education—is at the root of everything the organization does. It underpins " -"the work; it motivates the funders. The CC license on the materials they " -"create furthers that mission, allowing them to safely and quickly scale " -"their materials worldwide. “The Creative Commons license has been a game " -"changer for TeachAIDS,” Piya said." +"The core mission of TeachAIDS—ensuring global access to life-saving education" +"—is at the root of everything the organization does. It underpins the work; " +"it motivates the funders. The CC license on the materials they create " +"furthers that mission, allowing them to safely and quickly scale their " +"materials worldwide. <quote>The Creative Commons license has been a game " +"changer for TeachAIDS,</quote> Piya said." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8937 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8972 msgid "Tribe of Noise" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8940 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8975 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise is a for-profit online music platform serving the film, TV, " "video, gaming, and in-store-media industries. Founded in 2008 in the " @@ -11387,60 +11476,59 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8945 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8980 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.tribeofnoise.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8950 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8985 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: January 26, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8953 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8988 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Hessel van Oorschot, " "cofounder" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8961 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8996 msgid "" "In the early 2000s, Hessel van Oorschot was an entrepreneur running a " "business where he coached other midsize entrepreneurs how to create an " "online business. He also coauthored a number of workbooks for small- to " -"medium-size enterprises to use to optimize their business for the " -"Web. Through this early work, Hessel became familiar with the principles of " -"open licensing, including the use of open-source software and Creative " -"Commons." +"medium-size enterprises to use to optimize their business for the Web. " +"Through this early work, Hessel became familiar with the principles of open " +"licensing, including the use of open-source software and Creative Commons." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8970 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9005 msgid "" "In 2005, Hessel and Sandra Brandenburg launched a niche video-production " "initiative. Almost immediately, they ran into issues around finding and " -"licensing music tracks. All they could find was standard, cold " -"stock-music. They thought of looking up websites where you could license " -"music directly from the musician without going through record labels or " -"agents. But in 2005, the ability to directly license music from a rights " -"holder was not readily available." +"licensing music tracks. All they could find was standard, cold stock-music. " +"They thought of looking up websites where you could license music directly " +"from the musician without going through record labels or agents. But in " +"2005, the ability to directly license music from a rights holder was not " +"readily available." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8980 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9015 msgid "" "They hired two lawyers to investigate further, and while they uncovered five " "or six examples, Hessel found the business models lacking. The lawyers " "expressed interest in being their legal team should they decide to pursue " -"this as an entrepreneurial opportunity. Hessel says, “When lawyers are " -"interested in a venture like this, you might have something special.” So " -"after some more research, in early 2008, Hessel and Sandra decided to build " -"a platform." +"this as an entrepreneurial opportunity. Hessel says, <quote>When lawyers are " +"interested in a venture like this, you might have something special.</quote> " +"So after some more research, in early 2008, Hessel and Sandra decided to " +"build a platform." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8990 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9025 msgid "" "Building a platform posed a real chicken-and-egg problem. The platform had " "to build an online community of music-rights holders and, at the same time, " @@ -11450,7 +11538,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8997 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9032 msgid "" "In July 2008, Tribe of Noise opened its virtual doors with a couple hundred " "musicians willing to use the CC BY-SA license (Attribution-ShareAlike) for a " @@ -11460,25 +11548,25 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9012 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9047 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.instoremusicservice.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9005 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9040 msgid "" "As they were growing the community, Hessel got a phone call from a company " "that made in-store music playlists asking if they had enough music licensed " -"with Creative Commons that they could use. Stores need quality, " -"good-listening music but not necessarily hits, a bit like a radio show " -"without the DJ. This opened a new opportunity for Tribe of Noise. They " -"started their In-store Music Service, using music (licensed with CC BY-SA) " -"uploaded by the Tribe of Noise community of musicians.<placeholder " -"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"with Creative Commons that they could use. Stores need quality, good-" +"listening music but not necessarily hits, a bit like a radio show without " +"the DJ. This opened a new opportunity for Tribe of Noise. They started their " +"In-store Music Service, using music (licensed with CC BY-SA) uploaded by the " +"Tribe of Noise community of musicians.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" +"\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9015 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9050 msgid "" "In most countries, artists, authors, and musicians join a collecting society " "that manages the licensing and helps collect the royalties. Copyright " @@ -11494,12 +11582,12 @@ msgid "" "hesitant and said no, but Tribe of Noise persisted arguing that they " "primarily work with unknown artists and provide them exposure in parts of " "the world where they don’t get airtime normally and a source of revenue—and " -"this convinced them that it was OK. However, Hessel says, “We are still " -"fighting for a good cause every single day.”" +"this convinced them that it was OK. However, Hessel says, <quote>We are " +"still fighting for a good cause every single day.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9036 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9071 msgid "" "Instead of building a large sales force, Tribe of Noise partnered with big " "organizations who have lots of clients and can act as a kind of Tribe of " @@ -11507,30 +11595,29 @@ msgid "" "sells Tribe’s In-store Music Service subscriptions to their business " "clients, which include fashion retailers and fitness centers. They have a " "similar deal with the leading trade association representing hotels and " -"restaurants in the country. Hessel hopes to “copy and paste” this service " -"into other countries where collecting societies understand what you can do " -"with Creative Commons. Outside of the Netherlands, early adoptions have " -"happened in Scandinavia, Belgium, and the U.S." +"restaurants in the country. Hessel hopes to <quote>copy and paste</quote> " +"this service into other countries where collecting societies understand what " +"you can do with Creative Commons. Outside of the Netherlands, early " +"adoptions have happened in Scandinavia, Belgium, and the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9049 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9085 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise doesn’t pay the musicians up front; they get paid when their " "music ends up in Tribe of Noise’s in-store music channels. The musicians’ " "share is 42.5 percent. It’s not uncommon in a traditional model for the " "artist to get only 5 to 10 percent, so a share of over 40 percent is a " -"significantly better deal. Here’s how they give an example on their " -"website:" +"significantly better deal. Here’s how they give an example on their website:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9065 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9101 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.tribeofnoise.com/info_instoremusic.php\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9057 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9093 msgid "" "A few of your songs [licensed with CC BY-SA], for example five in total, are " "selected for a bespoke in-store music channel broadcasting at a large " @@ -11538,47 +11625,47 @@ msgid "" "contains 350 songs so the musician’s share is 5/350 = 1.43%. The license fee " "agreed with this retailer is US$12 per month per play-out. So if 42.5% is " "shared with the Tribe musicians in this playlist and your share is 1.43%, " -"you end up with US$12 * 1000 stores * 0.425 * 0.0143 = US$73 per " -"month.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"you end up with US$12 * 1000 stores * 0.425 * 0.0143 = US$73 per month." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9068 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9104 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise has another model that does not involve Creative Commons. In " "a survey with members, most said they liked the exposure using Creative " "Commons gets them and the way it lets them reach out to others to share and " "remix. However, they had a bit of a mental struggle with Creative Commons " "licenses being perpetual. A lot of musicians have the mind-set that one day " -"one of their songs may become an overnight hit. If that happened the CC " -"BY-SA license would preclude them getting rich off the sale of that song." +"one of their songs may become an overnight hit. If that happened the CC BY-" +"SA license would preclude them getting rich off the sale of that song." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9079 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9115 msgid "" "Hessel’s legal team took this feedback and created a second model and " "separate area of the platform called Tribe of Noise Pro. Songs uploaded to " "Tribe of Noise Pro aren’t Creative Commons licensed; Tribe of Noise has " -"instead created a “nonexclusive exploitation” contract, similar to a " -"Creative Commons license but allowing musicians to opt out whenever they " -"want. When you opt out, Tribe of Noise agrees to take your music off the " -"Tribe of Noise platform within one to two months. This lets the musician " +"instead created a <quote>nonexclusive exploitation</quote> contract, similar " +"to a Creative Commons license but allowing musicians to opt out whenever " +"they want. When you opt out, Tribe of Noise agrees to take your music off " +"the Tribe of Noise platform within one to two months. This lets the musician " "reuse their song for a better deal." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9090 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9126 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise Pro is primarily geared toward media makers who are looking " "for music. If they buy a license from this catalog, they don’t have to state " -"the name of the creator; they just license the song for a specific " -"amount. This is a big plus for media makers. And musicians can pull their " +"the name of the creator; they just license the song for a specific amount. " +"This is a big plus for media makers. And musicians can pull their " "repertoire at any time. Hessel sees this as a more direct and clean deal." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9098 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9134 msgid "" "Lots of Tribe of Noise musicians upload songs to both Tribe of Noise Pro and " "the community area of Tribe of Noises. There aren’t that many artists who " @@ -11587,17 +11674,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9104 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9140 msgid "" -"Hessel sees the two as complementary. Both are needed for the model to " -"work. With a whole generation of musicians interested in the sharing " -"economy, the community area of Tribe of Noise is where they can build trust, " -"create exposure, and generate money. And after that, musicians may become " -"more interested in exploring other models like Tribe of Noise Pro." +"Hessel sees the two as complementary. Both are needed for the model to work. " +"With a whole generation of musicians interested in the sharing economy, the " +"community area of Tribe of Noise is where they can build trust, create " +"exposure, and generate money. And after that, musicians may become more " +"interested in exploring other models like Tribe of Noise Pro." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9112 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9148 msgid "" "Every musician who joins Tribe of Noise gets their own home page and free " "unlimited Web space to upload as much of their own music as they like. Tribe " @@ -11610,33 +11697,32 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9123 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9159 msgid "" "Another way Tribe of Noise creates community and interest is with contests, " "which are organized in partnership with Tribe of Noise clients. The client " "specifies what they want, and any member can submit a song. Contests usually " "involve prizes, exposure, and money. In addition to building member " "engagement, contests help members learn how to work with clients: listening " -"to them, understanding what they want, and creating a song to meet that " -"need." +"to them, understanding what they want, and creating a song to meet that need." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9133 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9169 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise now has twenty-seven thousand members from 192 countries, and " "many are exploring do-it-yourself models for generating revenue. Some came " "from music labels and publishers, having gone through the traditional way of " -"music licensing and now seeing if this new model makes sense for " -"them. Others are young musicians, who grew up with a DIY mentality and see " -"little reason to sign with a third party or hand over some of the " -"control. Still a small but growing group of Tribe members are pursuing a " -"hybrid model by licensing some of their songs under CC BY-SA and opting in " -"others with collecting societies like ASCAP or BMI." +"music licensing and now seeing if this new model makes sense for them. " +"Others are young musicians, who grew up with a DIY mentality and see little " +"reason to sign with a third party or hand over some of the control. Still a " +"small but growing group of Tribe members are pursuing a hybrid model by " +"licensing some of their songs under CC BY-SA and opting in others with " +"collecting societies like ASCAP or BMI." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9145 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9181 msgid "" "It’s not uncommon for performance-rights organizations, record labels, or " "music publishers to sign contracts with musicians based on exclusivity. Such " @@ -11654,102 +11740,102 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9162 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9198 msgid "" "For Hessel the key to Tribe of Noise’s success is trust. The fact that " "Creative Commons licenses work the same way all over the world and have been " "translated into all languages really helps build that trust. Tribe of Noise " "believes in creating a model where they work together with musicians. They " "can only do that if they have a live and kicking community, with people who " -"think that the Tribe of Noise team has their best interests in " -"mind. Creative Commons makes it possible to create a new business model for " -"music, a model that’s based on trust." +"think that the Tribe of Noise team has their best interests in mind. " +"Creative Commons makes it possible to create a new business model for music, " +"a model that’s based on trust." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9174 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9210 msgid "Wikimedia Foundation" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9177 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9213 msgid "" "The Wikimedia Foundation is the nonprofit organization that hosts Wikipedia " "and its sister projects. Founded in 2003 in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9182 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9218 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://wikimediafoundation.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9184 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9220 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: donations" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9186 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9222 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: December 18, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9189 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9225 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: Luis Villa, former Chief " "Officer of Community Engagement, and Stephen LaPorte, legal counsel" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9198 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9234 msgid "Nearly every person with an online presence knows Wikipedia." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9201 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9237 msgid "" "In many ways, it is the preeminent open project: The online encyclopedia is " -"created entirely by volunteers. Anyone in the world can edit the " -"articles. All of the content is available for free to anyone online. All of " -"the content is released under a Creative Commons license that enables people " -"to reuse and adapt it for any purpose." +"created entirely by volunteers. Anyone in the world can edit the articles. " +"All of the content is available for free to anyone online. All of the " +"content is released under a Creative Commons license that enables people to " +"reuse and adapt it for any purpose." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9209 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9245 msgid "" "As of December 2016, there were more than forty-two million articles in the " -"295 language editions of the online encyclopedia, according to—what " -"else?—the Wikipedia article about Wikipedia." +"295 language editions of the online encyclopedia, according to—what else?—" +"the Wikipedia article about Wikipedia." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9214 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9250 msgid "" "The Wikimedia Foundation is a U.S.-based nonprofit organization that owns " "the Wikipedia domain name and hosts the site, along with many other related " "sites like Wikidata and Wikimedia Commons. The foundation employs about two " -"hundred and eighty people, who all work to support the projects it " -"hosts. But the true heart of Wikipedia and its sister projects is its " -"community. The numbers of people in the community are variable, but about " -"seventy-five thousand volunteers edit and improve Wikipedia articles every " -"month. Volunteers are organized in a variety of ways across the globe, " -"including formal Wikimedia chapters (mostly national), groups focused on a " -"particular theme, user groups, and many thousands who are not connected to a " -"particular organization." +"hundred and eighty people, who all work to support the projects it hosts. " +"But the true heart of Wikipedia and its sister projects is its community. " +"The numbers of people in the community are variable, but about seventy-five " +"thousand volunteers edit and improve Wikipedia articles every month. " +"Volunteers are organized in a variety of ways across the globe, including " +"formal Wikimedia chapters (mostly national), groups focused on a particular " +"theme, user groups, and many thousands who are not connected to a particular " +"organization." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9228 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9264 msgid "" -"As Wikimedia legal counsel Stephen LaPorte told us, “There is a common " -"saying that Wikipedia works in practice but not in theory.” While it " +"As Wikimedia legal counsel Stephen LaPorte told us, <quote>There is a common " +"saying that Wikipedia works in practice but not in theory.</quote> While it " "undoubtedly has its challenges and flaws, Wikipedia and its sister projects " "are a striking testament to the power of human collaboration." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9235 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9271 msgid "" "Because of its extraordinary breadth and scope, it does feel a bit like a " "unicorn. Indeed, there is nothing else like Wikipedia. Still, much of what " @@ -11760,7 +11846,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9244 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9280 msgid "" "The story of Wikipedia has been told many times. For our purposes, it is " "enough to know the experiment started in 2001 at a small scale, inspired by " @@ -11774,46 +11860,47 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9256 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9292 msgid "" "The nature of the content the community creates is ideal for asynchronous " -"cocreation. “An encyclopedia is something where incremental community " -"improvement really works,” Luis Villa, former Chief Officer of Community " -"Engagement, told us. The rules and processes that govern cocreation on " -"Wikipedia and its sister projects are all community-driven and vary by " -"language edition. There are entire books written on the intricacies of " -"their systems, but generally speaking, there are very few exceptions to the " -"rule that anyone can edit any article, even without an account on their " +"cocreation. <quote>An encyclopedia is something where incremental community " +"improvement really works,</quote> Luis Villa, former Chief Officer of " +"Community Engagement, told us. The rules and processes that govern " +"cocreation on Wikipedia and its sister projects are all community-driven and " +"vary by language edition. There are entire books written on the intricacies " +"of their systems, but generally speaking, there are very few exceptions to " +"the rule that anyone can edit any article, even without an account on their " "system. The extensive peer-review process includes elaborate systems to " "resolve disputes, methods for managing particularly controversial subject " "areas, talk pages explaining decisions, and much, much more. The Wikimedia " "Foundation’s decision to leave governance of the projects to the community " -"is very deliberate. “We look at the things that the community can do well, " -"and we want to let them do those things,” Stephen told us. Instead, the " -"foundation focuses its time and resources on what the community cannot do as " -"effectively, like the software engineering that supports the technical " -"infrastructure of the sites. In 2015-16, about half of the foundation’s " -"budget went to direct support for the Wikimedia sites." +"is very deliberate. <quote>We look at the things that the community can do " +"well, and we want to let them do those things,</quote> Stephen told us. " +"Instead, the foundation focuses its time and resources on what the community " +"cannot do as effectively, like the software engineering that supports the " +"technical infrastructure of the sites. In 2015-16, about half of the " +"foundation’s budget went to direct support for the Wikimedia sites." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9279 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9316 msgid "" "Some of that is directed at servers and general IT support, but the " "foundation also invests a significant amount on architecture designed to " -"help the site function as effectively as possible. “There is a constantly " -"evolving system to keep the balance in place to avoid Wikipedia becoming the " -"world’s biggest graffiti wall,” Luis said. Depending on how you measure it, " -"somewhere between 90 to 98 percent of edits to Wikipedia are positive. Some " -"portion of that success is attributable to the tools Wikimedia has in place " -"to try to incentivize good actors. “The secret to having any healthy " -"community is bringing back the right people,” Luis said. “Vandals tend to " -"get bored and go away. That is partially our model working, and partially " -"just human nature.” Most of the time, people want to do the right thing." +"help the site function as effectively as possible. <quote>There is a " +"constantly evolving system to keep the balance in place to avoid Wikipedia " +"becoming the world’s biggest graffiti wall,</quote> Luis said. Depending on " +"how you measure it, somewhere between 90 to 98 percent of edits to Wikipedia " +"are positive. Some portion of that success is attributable to the tools " +"Wikimedia has in place to try to incentivize good actors. <quote>The secret " +"to having any healthy community is bringing back the right people,</quote> " +"Luis said. <quote>Vandals tend to get bored and go away. That is partially " +"our model working, and partially just human nature.</quote> Most of the " +"time, people want to do the right thing." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9294 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9332 msgid "" "Wikipedia not only relies on good behavior within its community and on its " "sites, but also by everyone else once the content leaves Wikipedia. All of " @@ -11821,20 +11908,20 @@ msgid "" "(CC BY-SA), which means it can be used for any purpose and modified so long " "as credit is given and anything new is shared back with the public under the " "same license. In theory, that means anyone can copy the content and start a " -"new Wikipedia. But as Stephen explained, “Being open has only made Wikipedia " -"bigger and stronger. The desire to protect is not always what is best for " -"everyone.”" +"new Wikipedia. But as Stephen explained, <quote>Being open has only made " +"Wikipedia bigger and stronger. The desire to protect is not always what is " +"best for everyone.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9318 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9356 msgid "" -"<ulink " -"url=\"http://gimletmedia.com/episode/14-the-art-of-making-and-fixing-mistakes/\"/>" +"<ulink url=\"http://gimletmedia.com/episode/14-the-art-of-making-and-fixing-" +"mistakes/\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9306 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9344 msgid "" "Of course, the primary reason no one has successfully co-opted Wikipedia is " "that copycat efforts do not have the Wikipedia community to sustain what " @@ -11842,19 +11929,19 @@ msgid "" "every given topic—it is also a global patchwork of humans working together " "in a million different ways, in a million different capacities, for a " "million different reasons. While many have tried to guess what makes " -"Wikipedia work as well it does, the fact is there is no single " -"explanation. “In a movement as large as ours, there is an incredible " -"diversity of motivations,” Stephen said. For example, there is one editor of " -"the English Wikipedia edition who has corrected a single grammatical error " -"in articles more than forty-eight thousand times.<placeholder " -"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Only a fraction of Wikipedia users are also " -"editors. But editing is not the only way to contribute to Wikipedia. “Some " -"donate text, some donate images, some donate financially,” Stephen told " -"us. “They are all contributors.”" +"Wikipedia work as well it does, the fact is there is no single explanation. " +"<quote>In a movement as large as ours, there is an incredible diversity of " +"motivations,</quote> Stephen said. For example, there is one editor of the " +"English Wikipedia edition who has corrected a single grammatical error in " +"articles more than forty-eight thousand times.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " +"id=\"0\"/> Only a fraction of Wikipedia users are also editors. But editing " +"is not the only way to contribute to Wikipedia. <quote>Some donate text, " +"some donate images, some donate financially,</quote> Stephen told us. " +"<quote>They are all contributors.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9324 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9363 msgid "" "But the vast majority of us who use Wikipedia are not contributors; we are " "passive readers. The Wikimedia Foundation survives primarily on individual " @@ -11866,19 +11953,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9334 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9373 msgid "" "The foundation has a fund-raising team that works year-round to raise money, " "but the bulk of their revenue comes in during the December campaign in " "Australia, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United " "States. They engage in extensive user testing and research to maximize the " "reach of their fund-raising campaigns. Their basic fund-raising message is " -"simple: We provide our readers and the world immense value, so give " -"back. Every little bit helps. With enough eyeballs, they are right." +"simple: We provide our readers and the world immense value, so give back. " +"Every little bit helps. With enough eyeballs, they are right." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9345 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9384 msgid "" "The vision of the Wikimedia Foundation is a world in which every single " "human being can freely share in the sum of all knowledge. They work to " @@ -11890,7 +11977,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9354 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9393 msgid "" "The philosophy behind the endeavor also enables the foundation to be " "financially sustainable. It instills trust in their readership, which is " @@ -11899,30 +11986,31 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9360 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9399 msgid "" "Any given edit on Wikipedia could be motivated by nearly an infinite number " "of reasons. But the social mission of the project is what binds the global " -"community together. “Wikipedia is an example of how a mission can motivate " -"an entire movement,” Stephen told us." +"community together. <quote>Wikipedia is an example of how a mission can " +"motivate an entire movement,</quote> Stephen told us." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9367 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9406 msgid "" "Of course, what results from that movement is one of the Internet’s great " -"public resources. “The Internet has a lot of businesses and stores, but it " -"is missing the digital equivalent of parks and open public spaces,” Stephen " -"said. “Wikipedia has found a way to be that open public space.”" +"public resources. <quote>The Internet has a lot of businesses and stores, " +"but it is missing the digital equivalent of parks and open public spaces,</" +"quote> Stephen said. <quote>Wikipedia has found a way to be that open " +"public space.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9376 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9416 msgid "Bibliography" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9378 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9418 msgid "" "Alperovitz, Gar. What Then Must We Do? Straight Talk about the Next American " "Revolution; Democratizing Wealth and Building a Community-Sustaining Economy " @@ -11930,336 +12018,337 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9384 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9424 msgid "" "Anderson, Chris. Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by Giving " "Something for Nothing, reprint with new preface. New York: Hyperion, 2010." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9389 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9429 msgid "———. Makers: The New Industrial Revolution. New York: Signal, 2012." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9392 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9432 msgid "" "Ariely, Dan. Predictably Irrational: The Hidden Forces That Shape Our " -"Decisions. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Perennial, 2010." +"Decisions. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Perennial, 2010." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9396 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9436 msgid "" "Bacon, Jono. The Art of Community. 2nd ed. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, " "2012." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9400 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9440 msgid "" "Benkler, Yochai. The Wealth of Networks: How Social Production Transforms " -"Markets and Freedom. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2006. <ulink " -"url=\"http://www.benkler.org/Benkler_Wealth_Of_Networks.pdf\"/> (licensed " -"under CC BY-NC-SA)." +"Markets and Freedom. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2006. <ulink url=" +"\"http://www.benkler.org/Benkler_Wealth_Of_Networks.pdf\"/> (licensed under " +"CC BY-NC-SA)." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9407 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9447 msgid "" -"Benyayer, Louis-David, ed. Open Models: Business Models of the Open " -"Economy. Cachan, France: Without Model, 2016. <ulink " -"url=\"http://www.slideshare.net/WithoutModel/open-models-book-64463892\"/> " -"(licensed under CC BY-SA)." +"Benyayer, Louis-David, ed. Open Models: Business Models of the Open Economy. " +"Cachan, France: Without Model, 2016. <ulink url=\"http://www.slideshare.net/" +"WithoutModel/open-models-book-64463892\"/> (licensed under CC BY-SA)." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9413 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9453 msgid "" "Bollier, David. Commoning as a Transformative Social Paradigm. Paper " "commissioned by the Next Systems Project. Washington, DC: Democracy " -"Collaborative, 2016. <ulink " -"url=\"http://thenextsystem.org/commoning-as-a-transformative-social-paradigm/\"/>." +"Collaborative, 2016. <ulink url=\"http://thenextsystem.org/commoning-as-a-" +"transformative-social-paradigm/\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9419 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9459 msgid "" -"———. Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of the " -"Commons. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014." +"———. Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of the Commons. " +"Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9423 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9463 msgid "" "Bollier, David, and Pat Conaty. Democratic Money and Capital for the " -"Commons: Strategies for Transforming Neoliberal Finance through " -"Commons-Based Alternatives. A report on a Commons Strategies Group Workshop " -"in cooperation with the Heinrich Böll Foundation, Berlin, Germany, 2015. " -"<ulink " -"url=\"http://bollier.org/democratic-money-and-capital-commons-report-pdf\"/>. " -"For more information, see <ulink " -"url=\"http://bollier.org/blog/democratic-money-and-capital-commons\"/>." +"Commons: Strategies for Transforming Neoliberal Finance through Commons-" +"Based Alternatives. A report on a Commons Strategies Group Workshop in " +"cooperation with the Heinrich Böll Foundation, Berlin, Germany, 2015. " +"<ulink url=\"http://bollier.org/democratic-money-and-capital-commons-report-" +"pdf\"/>. For more information, see <ulink url=\"http://bollier.org/blog/" +"democratic-money-and-capital-commons\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9433 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9473 msgid "" "Bollier, David, and Silke Helfrich, eds. The Wealth of the Commons: A World " "Beyond Market and State. Amherst, MA: Levellers Press, 2012." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9437 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9477 msgid "" "Botsman, Rachel, and Roo Rogers. What’s Mine Is Yours: The Rise of " "Collaborative Consumption. New York: Harper Business, 2010." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9441 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9481 msgid "" "Boyle, James. The Public Domain: Enclosing the Commons of the Mind. New " "Haven: Yale University Press, 2008." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9444 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9484 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.thepublicdomain.org/download/\"/> (licensed under CC " "BY-NC-SA)." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9448 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9488 msgid "" "Capra, Fritjof, and Ugo Mattei. The Ecology of Law: Toward a Legal System in " "Tune with Nature and Community. Oakland, CA: Berrett-Koehler, 2015." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9453 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9493 msgid "" "Chesbrough, Henry. Open Business Models: How to Thrive in the New Innovation " "Landscape. Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 2006." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9457 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9497 msgid "" "———. Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and Profiting from " "Technology. Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2006." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9461 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9501 msgid "" "City of Bologna. Regulation on Collaboration between Citizens and the City " "for the Care and Regeneration of Urban Commons. Translated by LabGov " "(LABoratory for the GOVernance of Commons). Bologna, Italy: City of Bologna, " -"2014). <ulink " -"url=\"http://www.labgov.it/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/Bologna-Regulation-on-collaboration-between-citizens-and-the-city-for-the-cure-and-regeneration-of-urban-commons1.pdf\"/>." +"2014). <ulink url=\"http://www.labgov.it/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/Bologna-" +"Regulation-on-collaboration-between-citizens-and-the-city-for-the-cure-and-" +"regeneration-of-urban-commons1.pdf\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9468 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9508 msgid "" -"Cole, Daniel H. “Learning from Lin: Lessons and Cautions from the Natural " -"Commons for the Knowledge Commons.” Chap. 2 in Frischmann, Madison, and " -"Strandburg, Governing Knowledge Commons." +"Cole, Daniel H. <quote>Learning from Lin: Lessons and Cautions from the " +"Natural Commons for the Knowledge Commons.</quote> Chap. 2 in Frischmann, " +"Madison, and Strandburg, Governing Knowledge Commons." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9473 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9513 msgid "" "Creative Commons. 2015 State of the Commons. Mountain View, CA: Creative " "Commons, 2015. <ulink url=\"http://stateof.creativecommons.org/2015/\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9478 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9518 msgid "" "Doctorow, Cory. Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: Laws for the Internet " "Age. San Francisco: McSweeney’s, 2014." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9482 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9522 msgid "" -"Eckhardt, Giana, and Fleura Bardhi. “The Sharing Economy Isn’t about Sharing " -"at All.” Harvard Business Review, January 28, 2015. <ulink " -"url=\"http://hbr.org/2015/01/the-sharing-economy-isnt-about-sharing-at-all\"/>." +"Eckhardt, Giana, and Fleura Bardhi. <quote>The Sharing Economy Isn’t about " +"Sharing at All.</quote> Harvard Business Review, January 28, 2015. <ulink " +"url=\"http://hbr.org/2015/01/the-sharing-economy-isnt-about-sharing-at-all\"/" +">." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9487 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9528 msgid "" "Elliott, Patricia W., and Daryl H. Hepting, eds. (2015). Free Knowledge: " "Confronting the Commodification of Human Discovery. Regina, SK: University " -"of Regina Press, 2015. <ulink " -"url=\"http://uofrpress.ca/publications/Free-Knowledge\"/> (licensed under CC " -"BY-NC-ND)." +"of Regina Press, 2015. <ulink url=\"http://uofrpress.ca/publications/Free-" +"Knowledge\"/> (licensed under CC BY-NC-ND)." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9494 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9535 msgid "" -"Eyal, Nir. Hooked: How to Build Habit-Forming Products. With Ryan " -"Hoover. New York: Portfolio, 2014." +"Eyal, Nir. Hooked: How to Build Habit-Forming Products. With Ryan Hoover. " +"New York: Portfolio, 2014." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9498 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9539 msgid "" -"Farley, Joshua, and Ida Kubiszewski. “The Economics of Information in a " -"Post-Carbon Economy.” Chap. 11 in Elliott and Hepting, Free Knowledge." +"Farley, Joshua, and Ida Kubiszewski. <quote>The Economics of Information in " +"a Post-Carbon Economy.</quote> Chap. 11 in Elliott and Hepting, Free " +"Knowledge." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9503 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9544 msgid "" -"Foster, William Landes, Peter Kim, and Barbara Christiansen. “Ten Nonprofit " -"Funding Models.” Stanford Social Innovation Review, Spring 2009. <ulink " -"url=\"http://ssir.org/articles/entry/ten_nonprofit_funding_models\"/>." +"Foster, William Landes, Peter Kim, and Barbara Christiansen. <quote>Ten " +"Nonprofit Funding Models.</quote> Stanford Social Innovation Review, Spring " +"2009. <ulink url=\"http://ssir.org/articles/entry/" +"ten_nonprofit_funding_models\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9509 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9550 msgid "" -"Frischmann, Brett M. Infrastructure: The Social Value of Shared " -"Resources. New York: Oxford University Press, 2012." +"Frischmann, Brett M. Infrastructure: The Social Value of Shared Resources. " +"New York: Oxford University Press, 2012." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9513 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9554 msgid "" -"Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg, " -"eds. Governing Knowledge Commons. New York: Oxford University Press, 2014." +"Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg, eds. " +"Governing Knowledge Commons. New York: Oxford University Press, 2014." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9518 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9559 msgid "" -"Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. " -"Strandburg. “Governing Knowledge Commons.” Chap. 1 in Frischmann, Madison, " +"Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg. " +"<quote>Governing Knowledge Commons.</quote> Chap. 1 in Frischmann, Madison, " "and Strandburg, Governing Knowledge Commons." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9523 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9564 msgid "" "Gansky, Lisa. The Mesh: Why the Future of Business Is Sharing. Reprint with " "new epilogue. New York: Portfolio, 2012." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9527 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9568 msgid "" "Grant, Adam. Give and Take: Why Helping Others Drives Our Success. New " "York: Viking, 2013." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9531 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9572 msgid "" "Haiven, Max. Crises of Imagination, Crises of Power: Capitalism, Creativity " "and the Commons. New York: Zed Books, 2014." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9535 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9576 msgid "" "Harris, Malcom, ed. Share or Die: Voices of the Get Lost Generation in the " "Age of Crisis. With Neal Gorenflo. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2012." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9540 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9581 msgid "" "Hermida, Alfred. Tell Everyone: Why We Share and Why It Matters. Toronto: " "Doubleday Canada, 2014." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9544 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9585 msgid "" "Hyde, Lewis. Common as Air: Revolution, Art, and Ownership. New York: " "Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2010." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9548 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9589 msgid "" "———. The Gift: Creativity and the Artist in the Modern World. 2nd Vintage " "Books edition. New York: Vintage Books, 2007." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9552 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9593 msgid "" "Kelley, Tom, and David Kelley. Creative Confidence: Unleashing the Potential " "within Us All. New York: Crown, 2013." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9556 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9597 msgid "" "Kelly, Marjorie. Owning Our Future: The Emerging Ownership Revolution; " "Journeys to a Generative Economy. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2012." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9561 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9602 msgid "" "Kleon, Austin. Show Your Work: 10 Ways to Share Your Creativity and Get " "Discovered. New York: Workman, 2014." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9565 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9606 msgid "" -"———. Steal Like an Artist: 10 Things Nobody Told You about Being " -"Creative. New York: Workman, 2012." +"———. Steal Like an Artist: 10 Things Nobody Told You about Being Creative. " +"New York: Workman, 2012." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9569 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9610 msgid "" "Kramer, Bryan. Shareology: How Sharing Is Powering the Human Economy. New " "York: Morgan James, 2016." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9573 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9614 msgid "" -"Lee, David. “Inside Medium: An Attempt to Bring Civility to the Internet.” " -"BBC News, March 3, 2016. <ulink " -"url=\"http://www.bbc.com/news/technology-35709680\"/>" +"Lee, David. <quote>Inside Medium: An Attempt to Bring Civility to the " +"Internet.</quote> BBC News, March 3, 2016. <ulink url=\"http://www.bbc.com/" +"news/technology-35709680\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9578 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9619 msgid "" "Lessig, Lawrence. Remix: Making Art and Commerce Thrive in the Hybrid " "Economy. New York: Penguin Press, 2008." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9582 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9623 msgid "" "Menzies, Heather. Reclaiming the Commons for the Common Good: A Memoir and " "Manifesto. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9586 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9627 msgid "" "Mason, Paul. Postcapitalism: A Guide to Our Future. New York: Farrar, Straus " "and Giroux, 2015." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9590 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9631 msgid "" "New York Times Customer Insight Group. The Psychology of Sharing: Why Do " "People Share Online? New York: New York Times Customer Insight Group, 2011. " @@ -12267,7 +12356,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9596 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9637 msgid "" "Osterwalder, Alex, and Yves Pigneur. Business Model Generation. Hoboken, " "NJ: John Wiley and Sons, 2010. A preview of the book is available at <ulink " @@ -12275,51 +12364,51 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9602 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9643 msgid "" "Osterwalder, Alex, Yves Pigneur, Greg Bernarda, and Adam Smith. Value " "Proposition Design. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons, 2014. A preview of the " -"book is available at <ulink " -"url=\"http://strategyzer.com/books/value-proposition-design\"/>." +"book is available at <ulink url=\"http://strategyzer.com/books/value-" +"proposition-design\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9608 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9649 msgid "" "Palmer, Amanda. The Art of Asking: Or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Let " "People Help. New York: Grand Central, 2014." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9612 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9653 msgid "" "Pekel, Joris. Democratising the Rijksmuseum: Why Did the Rijksmuseum Make " "Available Their Highest Quality Material without Restrictions, and What Are " -"the Results? The Hague, Netherlands: Europeana Foundation, 2014. <ulink " -"url=\"http://pro.europeana.eu/publication/democratising-the-rijksmuseum\"/> " +"the Results? The Hague, Netherlands: Europeana Foundation, 2014. <ulink url=" +"\"http://pro.europeana.eu/publication/democratising-the-rijksmuseum\"/> " "(licensed under CC BY-SA)." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9620 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9661 msgid "" "Ramos, José Maria, ed. The City as Commons: A Policy Reader. Melbourne, " -"Australia: Commons Transition Coalition, 2016. <ulink " -"url=\"http://www.academia.edu/27143172/The_City_as_Commons_a_Policy_Reader\"/> " -"(licensed under CC BY-NC-ND)." +"Australia: Commons Transition Coalition, 2016. <ulink url=\"http://www." +"academia.edu/27143172/The_City_as_Commons_a_Policy_Reader\"/> (licensed " +"under CC BY-NC-ND)." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9626 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9667 msgid "" "Raymond, Eric S. The Cathedral and the Bazaar: Musings on Linux and Open " -"Source by an Accidental Revolutionary. Rev. ed. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly " -"Media, 2001. See esp. “The Magic Cauldron.” <ulink " -"url=\"http://www.catb.org/esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/\"/>." +"Source by an Accidental Revolutionary. Rev. ed. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly " +"Media, 2001. See esp. <quote>The Magic Cauldron.</quote> <ulink url=\"http://" +"www.catb.org/esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9632 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9673 msgid "" "Ries, Eric. The Lean Startup: How Today’s Entrepreneurs Use Continuous " "Innovation to Create Radically Successful Businesses. New York: Crown " @@ -12327,7 +12416,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9637 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9678 msgid "" "Rifkin, Jeremy. The Zero Marginal Cost Society: The Internet of Things, the " "Collaborative Commons, and the Eclipse of Capitalism. New York: Palgrave " @@ -12335,73 +12424,74 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9642 -msgid "Rowe, Jonathan. Our Common Wealth. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013." +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9683 +msgid "" +"Rowe, Jonathan. Our Common Wealth. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9646 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9687 msgid "" "Rushkoff, Douglas. Throwing Rocks at the Google Bus: How Growth Became the " "Enemy of Prosperity. New York: Portfolio, 2016." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9650 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9691 msgid "" "Sandel, Michael J. What Money Can’t Buy: The Moral Limits of Markets. New " "York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2012." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9654 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9695 msgid "" "Shirky, Clay. Cognitive Surplus: How Technology Makes Consumers into " "Collaborators. London, England: Penguin Books, 2010." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9658 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9699 msgid "" "Slee, Tom. What’s Yours Is Mine: Against the Sharing Economy. New York: OR " "Books, 2015." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9662 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9703 msgid "" -"Stephany, Alex. The Business of Sharing: Making in the New Sharing " -"Economy. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015." +"Stephany, Alex. The Business of Sharing: Making in the New Sharing Economy. " +"New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9666 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9707 msgid "" "Stepper, John. Working Out Loud: For a Better Career and Life. New York: " "Ikigai Press, 2015." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9670 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9711 msgid "" "Sull, Donald, and Kathleen M. Eisenhardt. Simple Rules: How to Thrive in a " "Complex World. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2015." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9674 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9715 msgid "" "Sundararajan, Arun. The Sharing Economy: The End of Employment and the Rise " "of Crowd-Based Capitalism. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2016." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9678 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9719 msgid "Surowiecki, James. The Wisdom of Crowds. New York: Anchor Books, 2005." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9682 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9723 msgid "" "Tapscott, Don, and Alex Tapscott. Blockchain Revolution: How the Technology " "Behind Bitcoin Is Changing Money, Business, and the World. Toronto: " @@ -12409,59 +12499,59 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9687 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9728 msgid "" "Tharp, Twyla. The Creative Habit: Learn It and Use It for Life. With Mark " "Reiter. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2006." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9691 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9732 msgid "" "Tkacz, Nathaniel. Wikipedia and the Politics of Openness. Chicago: " "University of Chicago Press, 2015." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9695 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9736 msgid "" "Van Abel, Bass, Lucas Evers, Roel Klaassen, and Peter Troxler, eds. Open " "Design Now: Why Design Cannot Remain Exclusive. Amsterdam: BIS Publishers, " "with Creative Commons Netherlands; Premsela, the Netherlands Institute for " -"Design and Fashion; and the Waag Society, 2011. <ulink " -"url=\"http://opendesignnow.org\"/> (licensed under CC BY-NC-SA)." +"Design and Fashion; and the Waag Society, 2011. <ulink url=\"http://" +"opendesignnow.org\"/> (licensed under CC BY-NC-SA)." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9703 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9744 msgid "" "Van den Hoff, Ronald. Mastering the Global Transition on Our Way to Society " -"3.0. Utrecht, the Netherlands: Society 3.0 Foundation, 2014. <ulink " -"url=\"http://society30.com/get-the-book/\"/> (licensed under CC BY-NC-ND)." +"3.0. Utrecht, the Netherlands: Society 3.0 Foundation, 2014. <ulink url=" +"\"http://society30.com/get-the-book/\"/> (licensed under CC BY-NC-ND)." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9709 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9750 msgid "" "Von Hippel, Eric. Democratizing Innovation. London: MIT Press, 2005. <ulink " -"url=\"http://web.mit.edu/evhippel/www/democ1.htm\"/> (licensed under CC " -"BY-NC-ND)." +"url=\"http://web.mit.edu/evhippel/www/democ1.htm\"/> (licensed under CC BY-" +"NC-ND)." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9714 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9755 msgid "" -"Whitehurst, Jim. The Open Organization: Igniting Passion and " -"Performance. Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2015." +"Whitehurst, Jim. The Open Organization: Igniting Passion and Performance. " +"Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2015." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9719 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9760 msgid "Acknowledgments" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9721 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9762 msgid "" "We extend special thanks to Creative Commons CEO Ryan Merkley, the Creative " "Commons Board, and all of our Creative Commons colleagues for " @@ -12471,7 +12561,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9728 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9769 msgid "" "Huge appreciation to all the Made with Creative Commons interviewees for " "sharing their stories with us. You make the commons come alive. Thanks for " @@ -12479,7 +12569,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9733 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9774 msgid "" "We interviewed more than the twenty-four organizations profiled in this " "book. We extend special thanks to Gooru, OERu, Sage Bionetworks, and Medium " @@ -12489,16 +12579,16 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9741 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9782 msgid "" "This book was made possible by the generous support of 1,687 Kickstarter " -"backers listed below. We especially acknowledge our many Kickstarter " -"co-editors who read early drafts of our work and provided invaluable " -"feedback. Heartfelt thanks to all of you." +"backers listed below. We especially acknowledge our many Kickstarter co-" +"editors who read early drafts of our work and provided invaluable feedback. " +"Heartfelt thanks to all of you." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9747 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9788 msgid "" "Co-editor Kickstarter backers (alphabetically by first name): Abraham " "Taherivand, Alan Graham, Alfredo Louro, Anatoly Volynets, Aurora Thornton, " @@ -12547,7 +12637,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9798 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9839 msgid "" "All other Kickstarter backers (alphabetically by first name): A. Lee, Aaron " "C. Rathbun, Aaron Stubbs, Aaron Suggs, Abdul Razak Manaf, Abraham " @@ -12633,33 +12723,33 @@ msgid "" "Mcconville, David Mikula, David Nelson, David Orban, David Parry, David " "Spira, David T. Kindler, David Varnes, David Wiley, David Wormley, Deborah " "Nas, Denis Jean, dennis straub, Dennis Whittle, Denver Gingerich, Derek " -"Slater, Devon Cooke, Diana Pasek-Atkinson, Diane Johnston Graves, Diane " -"K. Kovacs, Diane Trout, Diderik van Wingerden, Diego Cuevas, Diego De La " -"Cruz, Dimitrie Grigorescu, Dina Marie Rodriguez, Dinah Fabela, Dirk Haun, " -"Dirk Kiefer, Dirk Loop, DJ Fusion - FuseBox Radio Broadcast, Dom jurkewitz, " -"Dom Lane, Domi Enders, Domingo Gallardo, Dominic de Haas, Dominique " -"Karadjian, Dongpo Deng, Donnovan Knight, Door de Flines, Doug Fitzpatrick, " -"Doug Hoover, Douglas Craver, Douglas Van Camp, Douglas Van Houweling, " -"Dr. Braddlee, Drew Spencer, Duncan Sample, Durand D’souza, Dylan Field, E C " -"Humphries, Eamon Caddigan, Earleen Smith, Eden Sarid, Eden Spodek, Eduardo " -"Belinchon, Eduardo Castro, Edwin Vandam, Einar Joergensen, Ejnar Brendsdal, " -"Elad Wieder, Elar Haljas, Elena Valhalla, Eli Doran, Elias Bouchi, Elie " -"Calhoun, Elizabeth Holloway, Ellen Buecher, Ellen Kaye- Cheveldayoff, Elli " -"Verhulst, Elroy Fernandes, Emery Hurst Mikel, Emily Catedral, Enrique " -"Mandujano R., Eric Astor, Eric Axelrod, Eric Celeste, Eric Finkenbiner, Eric " -"Hellman, Eric Steuer, Erica Fletcher, Erik Hedman, Erik Lindholm Bundgaard, " -"Erika Reid, Erin Hawley, Erin McKean of Wordnik, Ernest Risner, Erwan " -"Bousse, Erwin Bell, Ethan Celery, Étienne Gilli, Eugeen Sablin, Evan " -"Tangman, Evonne Okafor, Evtim Papushev, Fabien Cambi, Fabio Natali, Fauxton " -"Software, Felix Deierlein, Felix Gebauer, Felix Maximiliano Obes, Felix " -"Schmidt, Felix Zephyr Hsiao, Ferdies Food Lab, Fernand Deschambault, Filipe " -"Rodrigues, Filippo Toso, Fiona MacAlister, fiona.mac.uk, Floor Scheffer, " -"Florent Darrault, Florian Hähnel, Florian Schneider, Floyd Wilde, Foxtrot " -"Games, Francis Clarke, Francisco Rivas-Portillo, Francois Dechery, Francois " -"Grey, François Gros, François Pelletier, Fred Benenson, Frédéric Abella, " -"Frédéric Schütz, Fredrik Ekelund, Fumi Yamazaki, Gabor Sooki-Toth, Gabriel " -"Staples, Gabriel Véjar Valenzuela, Gal Buki, Gareth Jordan, Garrett Heath, " -"Gary Anson, Gary Forster, Gatien de Broucker, Gaurav Kapil, Gauthier de " +"Slater, Devon Cooke, Diana Pasek-Atkinson, Diane Johnston Graves, Diane K. 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J. Przybylski, Kaloyan " +"Raev, Kamil Śliwowski, Kaniska Padhi, Kara Malenfant, Kara Monroe, Karen Pe, " +"Karl Jahn, Karl Jonsson, Karl Nelson, Kasia Zygmuntowicz, Kat Lim, Kate " +"Chapman, Kate Stewart, Kathleen Beck, Kathleen Hanrahan, Kathryn Abuzzahab, " +"Kathryn Deiss, Kathryn Rose, Kathy Payne, Katie Lynn Daniels, Katie Meek, " +"Katie Teague, Katrina Hennessy, Katriona Main, Kavan Antani, Keith Adams, " +"Keith Berndtson, MD, Keith Luebke, Kellie Higginbottom, Ken Friis Larsen, " +"Ken Haase, Ken Torbeck, Kendel Ratley, Kendra Byrne, Kerry Hicks, Kevin " +"Brown, Kevin Coates, Kevin Flynn, Kevin Rumon, Kevin Shannon, Kevin Taylor, " +"Kevin Tostado, Kewhyun Kelly-Yuoh, Kiane l’Azin, Kianosh Pourian, Kiran " +"Kadekoppa, Kit Walsh, Klaus Mickus, Konrad Rennert, Kris Kasianovitz, " +"Kristian Lundquist, Kristin Buxton, Kristina Popova, Kristofer Bratt, " +"Kristoffer Steen, Kumar McMillan, Kurt Whittemore, Kyle Pinches, Kyle " +"Simpson, L Eaton, Lalo Martins, Lane Rasberry, Larry Garfield, Larry Singer, " +"Lars Josephsen, Lars Klaeboe, Laura Anne Brown, Laura Billings, Laura " +"Ferejohn, Lauren Pedersen, Laurence Gonsalves, Laurent Muchacho, Laurie " +"Racine, Laurie Reynolds, Lawrence M. Schoen, Leandro Pangilinan, Leigh " +"Verlandson, Lenka Gondolova, Leonardo Bueno Postacchini, leonardo menegola, " +"Lesley Mitchell, Leslie Krumholz, Leticia Britos Cavagnaro, Levi Bostian, " +"Leyla Acaroglu, Liisa Ummelas, Lilly Kashmir Marques, Lior Mazliah, Lisa " +"Bjerke, Lisa Brewster, Lisa Canning, Lisa Cronin, Lisa Di Valentino, " +"Lisandro Gaertner, Livia Leskovec, Liynn Worldlaw, Liz Berg, Liz White, " +"Logan Cox, Loki Carbis, Lora Lynn, Lorna Prescott, Lou Yufan, Louie " +"Amphlett, Louis-David Benyayer, Louise Denman, Luca Corsato, Luca Lesinigo, " +"Luca Palli, Luca Pianigiani, Luca S.G. de Marinis, Lucas Lopez, Lukas " +"Mathis, Luke Chamberlin, Luke Chesser, Luke Woodbury, Lulu Tang, Lydia " +"Pintscher, M Alexander Jurkat, Maarten Sander, Macie J Klosowski, Magnus " +"Adamsson, Magnus Killingberg, Mahmoud Abu-Wardeh, Maik Schmalstich, Maiken " +"Håvarstein, Maira Sutton, Mairi Thomson, Mandy Wultsch, Manickkavasakam " +"Rajasekar, Marc Bogonovich, Marc Harpster, Marc Martí, Marc Olivier Bastien, " +"Marc Stober, Marc-André Martin, Marcel de Leeuwe, Marcel Hill, Marcia " +"Hofmann, Marcin Olender, Marco Massarotto, Marco Montanari, Marco Morales, " +"Marcos Medionegro, Marcus Bitzl, Marcus Norrgren, Margaret Gary, Mari " +"Moreshead, Maria Liberman, Marielle Hsu, Marino Hernandez, Mario Lurig, " +"Mario R. Hemsley, MD, Marissa Demers, Mark Chandler, Mark Cohen, Mark De " +"Solla Price, Mark Gabby, Mark Gray, Mark Koudritsky, Mark Kupfer, Mark " +"Lednor, Mark McGuire, Mark Moleda, Mark Mullen, Mark Murphy, Mark Perot, " +"Mark Reeder, Mark Spickett, Mark Vincent Adams, Mark Waks, Mark Zuccarell " +"II, Markus Deimann, Markus Jaritz, Markus Luethi, Marshal Miller, Marshall " +"Warner, Martijn Arets, Martin Beaudoin, Martin Decky, Martin DeMello, Martin " +"Humpolec, Martin Mayr, Martin Peck, Martin Sanchez, Martino Loco, Martti " +"Remmelgas, Martyn Eggleton, Martyn Lewis, Mary Ellen Davis, Mary Heacock, " +"Mary Hess, Mary Mi, Masahiro Takagi, Mason Du, Massimo V.A. Manzari, Mathias " +"Bavay, Mathias Nicolajsen Kjærgaard, Matias Kruk, Matija Nalis, Matt Alcock, " +"Matt Black, Matt Broach, Matt Hall, Matt Haughey, Matt Lee, Matt Plec, Matt " +"Skoss, Matt Thompson, Matt Vance, Matt Wagstaff, Matteo Cocco, Matthew " +"Bendert, Matthew Bergholt, Matthew Darlison, Matthew Epler, Matthew Hawken, " +"Matthew Heimbecker, Matthew Orstad, Matthew Peterworth, Matthew Sheehy, " +"Matthew Tucker, Adaptive Handy Apps, LLC, Mattias Axell, Max Green, Max " +"Kossatz, Max lupo, Max Temkin, Max van Balgooy, Médéric Droz-dit-Busset, " +"Megan Ingle, Megan Wacha, Meghan Finlayson, Melissa Aho, Melissa Sterry, " +"Melle Funambuline, Menachem Goldstein, Micah Bridges, Michael Ailberto, " +"Michael Anderson, Michael Andersson Skane, Michael C. Stewart, Michael " +"Carroll, Michael Cavette, Michael Crees, Michael David Johas Teener, Michael " +"Dennis Moore, Michael Freundt Karlsen, Michael Harries, Michael Hawel, " +"Michael Lewis, Michael May, Michael Murphy, Michael Murvine, Michael " +"Perkins, Michael Sauers, Michael St.Onge, Michael Stanford, Michael Stanley, " +"Michael Underwood, Michael Weiss, Michael Wright, Michael-Andreas Kuttner, " +"Michaela Voigt, Michal Rosenn, Michał Szymański, Michel Gallez, Michell " +"Zappa, Michelle Heeyeon You, Miha Batic, Mik Ishmael, Mikael Andersson, Mike " +"Chelen, Mike Habicher, Mike Maloney, Mike Masnick, Mike McDaniel, Mike " +"Pouraryan, Mike Sheldon, Mike Stop Continues, Mike Stringer, Mike " +"Wittenstein, Mikkel Ovesen, Mikołaj Podlaszewski, Millie Gonzalez, Mindi " +"Lovell, Mindy Lin, Mirko <quote>Macro</quote> Fichtner, Mitch Featherston, " +"Mitchell Adams, Molika Oum, Molly Shaffer Van Houweling, Monica Mora, Morgan " +"Loomis, Moritz Schubert, Mrs. Paganini, Mushin Schilling, Mustafa K Calik, " +"MD, Myk Pilgrim, Myra Harmer, Nadine Forget-Dubois, Nagle Industries, LLC, " +"Nah Wee Yang, Natalie Brown, Natalie Freed, Nathan D Howell, Nathan Massey, " +"Nathan Miller, Neal Gorenflo, Neal McBurnett, Neal Stimler, Neil Wilson, " +"Nele Wollert, Neuchee Chang, Niall McDonagh, Niall Twohig, Nic McPhee, " +"Nicholas Bentley, Nicholas Koran, Nicholas Norfolk, Nicholas Potter, Nick " +"Bell, Nick Coghlan, Nick Isaacs, Nick M. Daly, Nick Vance, Nickolay " +"Vedernikov, Nicky Weaver-Weinberg, Nico Prin, Nicolas Weidinger, Nicole " +"Hickman, Niek Theunissen, Nigel Robertson, Nikki Thompson, Nikko Marie, " +"Nikola Chernev, Nils Lavesson, Noah Blumenson-Cook, Noah Fang, Noah Kardos-" +"Fein, Noah Meyerhans, Noel Hanigan, Noel Hart, Norrie Mailer, O.P. Gobée, " +"Ohad Mayblum, Olivia Wilson, Olivier De Doncker, Olivier Schulbaum, Olle " +"Ahnve, Omar Kaminski, Omar Willey, OpenBuilds, Ove Ødegård, Øystein Kjærnet, " +"Pablo López Soriano, Pablo Vasquez, Pacific Design, Paige Mackay, Papp " +"István Péter, Paris Marx, Parker Higgins, Pasquale Borriello, Pat Allan, Pat " +"Hawks, Pat Ludwig, Pat Sticks, Patricia Brennan, Patricia Rosnel, Patricia " +"Wolf, Patrick Berry, Patrick Beseda, Patrick Hurley, Patrick M. Lozeau, " +"Patrick McCabe, Patrick Nafarrete, Patrick Tanguay, Patrick von Hauff, " +"Patrik Kernstock, Patti J Ryan, Paul A Golder, Paul and Iris Brest, Paul " +"Bailey, Paul Bryan, Paul Bunkham, Paul Elosegui, Paul Hibbitts, Paul " +"Jacobson, Paul Keller, Paul Rowe, Paul Timpson, Paul Walker, Pavel Dostál, " +"Peeter Sällström Randsalu, Peggy Frith, Pen-Yuan Hsing, Penny Pearson, Per " +"Åström, Perry Jetter, Péter Fankhauser, Peter Hirtle, Peter Humphries, Peter " +"Jenkins, Peter Langmar, Peter le Roux, Peter Marinari, Peter Mengelers, " +"Peter O’Brien, Peter Pinch, Peter S. Crosby, Peter Wells, Petr Fristedt, " +"Petr Viktorin, Petronella Jeurissen, Phil Flickinger, Philip Chung, Philip " +"Pangrac, Philip R. Skaggs Jr., Philip Young, Philippa Lorne Channer, " +"Philippe Vandenbroeck, Pierluigi Luisi, Pierre Suter, Pieter-Jan Pauwels, " +"Playground Inc., Pomax, Popenoe, Pouhiou Noenaute, Prilutskiy Kirill, " +"Print3Dreams Ltd., Quentin Coispeau, R. Smith, Race DiLoreto, Rachel Mercer, " +"Rafael Scapin, Rafaela Kunz, Rain Doggerel, Raine Lourie, Rajiv Jhangiani, " +"Ralph Chapoteau, Randall Kirby, Randy Brians, Raphaël Alexandre, Raphaël " +"Schröder, Rasmus Jensen, Rayn Drahps, Rayna Stamboliyska, Rebecca Godar, " +"Rebecca Lendl, Rebecca Weir, Regina Tschud, Remi Dino, Ric Herrero, Rich " +"McCue, Richard <quote>TalkToMeGuy</quote> Olson, Richard Best, Richard " +"Blumberg, Richard Fannon, Richard Heying, Richard Karnesky, Richard Kelly, " +"Richard Littauer, Richard Sobey, Richard White, Richard Winchell, Rik " +"ToeWater, Rita Lewis, Rita Wood, Riyadh Al Balushi, Rob Balder, Rob Berkley, " +"Rob Bertholf, Rob Emanuele, Rob McAuliffe, Rob McKaughan, Rob Tillie, Rob " +"Utter, Rob Vincent, Robert Gaffney, Robert Jones, Robert Kelly, Robert " +"Lawlis, Robert McDonald, Robert Orzanna, Robert Paterson Hunter, Robert R. " +"Daniel Jr., Robert Ryan-Silva, Robert Thompson, Robert Wagoner, Roberto " +"Selvaggio, Robin DeRosa, Robin Rist Kildal, Rodrigo Castilhos, Roger Bacon, " +"Roger Saner, Roger So, Roger Solé, Roger Tregear, Roland Tanglao, Rolf and " +"Mari von Walthausen, Rolf Egstad, Rolf Schaller, Ron Zuijlen, Ronald " +"Bissell, Ronald van den Hoff, Ronda Snow, Rory Landon Aronson, Ross Findlay, " +"Ross Pruden, Ross Williams, Rowan Skewes, Roy Ivy III, Ruben Flores, Rupert " +"Hitzenberger, Rusi Popov, Russ Antonucci, Russ Spollin, Russell Brand, Rute " +"Correia, Ruth Ann Carpenter, Ruth White, Ryan Mentock, Ryan Merkley, Ryan " +"Price, Ryan Sasaki, Ryan Singer, Ryan Voisin, Ryan Weir, S Searle, Salem Bin " +"Kenaid, Salomon Riedo, Sam Hokin, Sam Twidale, Samantha Levin, Samantha-" +"Jayne Chapman, Samarth Agarwal, Sami Al-AbdRabbuh, Samuel A. Rebelsky, " +"Samuel Goëta, Samuel Hauser, Samuel Landete, Samuel Oliveira Cersosimo, " +"Samuel Tait, Sandra Fauconnier, Sandra Markus, Sandy Bjar, Sandy ONeil, Sang-" +"Phil Ju, Sanjay Basu, Santiago Garcia, Sara Armstrong, Sara Lucca, Sara " +"Rodriguez Marin, Sarah Brand, Sarah Cove, Sarah Curran, Sarah Gold, Sarah " +"McGovern, Sarah Smith, Sarinee Achavanuntakul, Sasha Moss, Sasha VanHoven, " +"Saul Gasca, Scott Abbott, Scott Akerman, Scott Beattie, Scott Bruinooge, " +"Scott Conroy, Scott Gillespie, Scott Williams, Sean Anderson, Sean Johnson, " +"Sean Lim, Sean Wickett, Seb Schmoller, Sebastiaan Bekker, Sebastiaan ter " +"Burg, Sebastian Makowiecki, Sebastian Meyer, Sebastian Schweizer, Sebastian " +"Sigloch, Sebastien Huchet, Seokwon Yang, Sergey Chernyshev, Sergey Storchay, " +"Sergio Cardoso, Seth Drebitko, Seth Gover, Seth Lepore, Shannon Turner, " +"Sharon Clapp, Shauna Redmond, Shawn Gaston, Shawn Martin, Shay Knohl, Shelby " +"Hatfield, Sheldon (Vila) Widuch, Sheona Thomson, Si Jie, Sicco van Sas, " +"Siena Oristaglio, Simon Glover, Simon John King, Simon Klose, Simon Law, " +"Simon Linder, Simon Moffitt, Solomon Kahn, Solomon Simon, Soujanna Sarkar, " +"Stanislav Trifonov, Stefan Dumont, Stefan Jansson, Stefan Langer, Stefan " +"Lindblad, Stefano Guidotti, Stefano Luzardi, Stephan Meißl, Stéphane " +"Wojewoda, Stephanie Pereira, Stephen Gates, Stephen Murphey, Stephen Pearce, " +"Stephen Rose, Stephen Suen, Stephen Walli, Stevan Matheson, Steve Battle, " +"Steve Fisches, Steve Fitzhugh, Steve Guen-gerich, Steve Ingram, Steve Kroy, " +"Steve Midgley, Steve Rhine, Steven Kasprzyk, Steven Knudsen, Steven Melvin, " +"Stig-Jørund B. Ö. Arnesen, Stuart Drewer, Stuart Maxwell, Stuart Reich, " +"Subhendu Ghosh, Sujal Shah, Sune Bøegh, Susan Chun, Susan R Grossman, Suzie " +"Wiley, Sven Fielitz, Swan/Starts, Sylvain Carle, Sylvain Chery, Sylvia " +"Green, Sylvia van Bruggen, Szabolcs Berecz, T. L. Mason, Tanbir Baeg, Tanya " +"Hart, Tara Tiger Brown, Tara Westover, Tarmo Toikkanen, Tasha Turner " +"Lennhoff, Tathagat Varma, Ted Timmons, Tej Dhawan, Teresa Gonczy, Terry " +"Hook, Theis Madsen, Theo M. Scholl, Theresa Bernardo, Thibault Badenas, " +"Thomas Bacig, Thomas Boehnlein, Thomas Bøvith, Thomas Chang, Thomas Hartman, " +"Thomas Kent, Thomas Morgan, Thomas Philipp-Edmonds, Thomas Thrush, Thomas " +"Werkmeister, Tieg Zaharia, Tieu Thuy Nguyen, Tim Chambers, Tim Cook, Tim " +"Evers, Tim Nichols, Tim Stahmer, Timothée Planté, Timothy Arfsten, Timothy " +"Hinchliff, Timothy Vollmer, Tina Coffman, Tisza Gergő, Tobias Schonwetter, " +"Todd Brown, Todd Pousley, Todd Sattersten, Tom Bamford, Tom Caswell, Tom " +"Goren, Tom Kent, Tom MacWright, Tom Maillioux, Tom Merkli, Tom Merritt, Tom " +"Myers, Tom Olijhoek, Tom Rubin, Tommaso De Benetti, Tommy Dahlen, Tony Ciak, " +"Tony Nwachukwu, Torsten Skomp, Tracey Depellegrin, Tracey Henton, Tracey " +"James, Traci Long DeForge, Trent Yarwood, Trevor Hogue, Trey Blalock, Trey " +"Hunner, Tryggvi Björgvinsson, Tumuult, Tushar Roy, Tyler Occhiogrosso, Udo " +"Blenkhorn, Uri Sivan, Vanja Bobas, Vantharith Oum, Vaughan jenkins, Veethika " +"Mishra, Vic King, Vickie Goode, Victor DePina, Victor Grigas, Victoria " +"Klassen, Victorien Elvinger, VIGA Manufacture, Vikas Shah, Vinayak S." +"Kaujalgi, Vincent O’Leary, Violette Paquet, Virginia Gentilini, Virginia " +"Kopelman, Vitor Menezes, Vivian Marthell, Wayne Mackintosh, Wendy Keenan, " +"Werner Wiethege, Wesley Derbyshire, Widar Hellwig, Willa Köerner, William " "Bettridge-Radford, William Jefferson, William Marshall, William Peter Nash, " "William Ray, William Robins, Willow Rosenberg, Winie Evers, Wolfgang " "Renninger, Xavier Antoviaque, Xavier Hugonet, Xavier Moisant, Xueqi Li, " diff --git a/po/uk/mwcc.po b/po/uk/mwcc.po index 9326633..5bf3a23 100644 --- a/po/uk/mwcc.po +++ b/po/uk/mwcc.po @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: Made with Creative Commons 20170609-2\n" -"POT-Creation-Date: 2018-03-12 07:43+0000\n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2018-09-07 06:21+0000\n" "PO-Revision-Date: 2018-01-31 17:41+0000\n" "Last-Translator: Марс Ямбар <mjambarmeta@gmail.com>\n" "Language-Team: Ukrainian <https://hosted.weblate.org/projects/madewithcc/" @@ -176,57 +176,58 @@ msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><dedication><blockquote><para> #: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:94 msgid "" -"“I don’t know a whole lot about nonfiction journalism. . . The way that I " -"think about these things, and in terms of what I can do is. . . essays like " -"this are occasions to watch somebody reasonably bright but also reasonably " -"average pay far closer attention and think at far more length about all " -"sorts of different stuff than most of us have a chance to in our daily " -"lives.”" +"<quote>I don’t know a whole lot about nonfiction journalism. . . The way " +"that I think about these things, and in terms of what I can do is. . . " +"essays like this are occasions to watch somebody reasonably bright but also " +"reasonably average pay far closer attention and think at far more length " +"about all sorts of different stuff than most of us have a chance to in our " +"daily lives.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><dedication><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:102 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:103 msgid "— <emphasis>David Foster Wallace</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:107 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:108 msgid "Foreword" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:109 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:110 msgid "" "Three years ago, just after I was hired as CEO of Creative Commons, I met " "with Cory Doctorow in the hotel bar of Toronto’s Gladstone Hotel. As one of " "CC’s most well-known proponents—one who has also had a successful career as " "a writer who shares his work using CC—I told him I thought CC had a role in " "defining and advancing open business models. He kindly disagreed, and called " -"the pursuit of viable business models through CC “a red herring.”" +"the pursuit of viable business models through CC <quote>a red herring.</" +"quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:118 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:119 msgid "" "He was, in a way, completely correct—those who make things with Creative " "Commons have ulterior motives, as Paul Stacey explains in this book: " -"“Regardless of legal status, they all have a social mission. Their primary " -"reason for being is to make the world a better place, not to profit. Money " -"is a means to a social end, not the end itself.”" +"<quote>Regardless of legal status, they all have a social mission. Their " +"primary reason for being is to make the world a better place, not to profit. " +"Money is a means to a social end, not the end itself.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:126 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:127 msgid "" "In the case study about Cory Doctorow, Sarah Hinchliff Pearson cites Cory’s " -"words from his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: “Entering the arts " -"because you want to get rich is like buying lottery tickets because you want " -"to get rich. It might work, but it almost certainly won’t. Though, of " -"course, someone always wins the lottery.”" +"words from his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: <quote>Entering the " +"arts because you want to get rich is like buying lottery tickets because you " +"want to get rich. It might work, but it almost certainly won’t. Though, of " +"course, someone always wins the lottery.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:134 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:135 msgid "" "Today, copyright is like a lottery ticket—everyone has one, and almost " "nobody wins. What they don’t tell you is that if you choose to share your " @@ -237,16 +238,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:143 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:144 msgid "" "So it’s not about the money. Also: it is. Finding the means to continue to " "create and share often requires some amount of income. Max Temkin of Cards " -"Against Humanity says it best in their case study: “We don’t make jokes and " -"games to make money—we make money so we can make more jokes and games.”" +"Against Humanity says it best in their case study: <quote>We don’t make " +"jokes and games to make money—we make money so we can make more jokes and " +"games.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:150 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:151 msgid "" "Creative Commons’ focus is on building a vibrant, usable commons, powered by " "collaboration and gratitude. Enabling communities of collaboration is at the " @@ -257,7 +259,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:159 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:160 msgid "" "Paul dreams of a future where new models of creativity and innovation " "overpower the inequality and scarcity that today define the worst parts of " @@ -269,7 +271,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:168 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:169 msgid "" "Sarah is the best kind of lawyer—a true advocate who believes in the good of " "people, and the power of collective acts to change the world. Over the past " @@ -282,7 +284,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:180 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:181 msgid "" "As coauthors, Paul and Sarah complement each other perfectly. They " "researched, analyzed, argued, and worked as a team, sometimes together and " @@ -295,7 +297,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:191 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:192 msgid "" "From the beginning, CC wanted to develop this project with the principles " "and values of open collaboration. The book was funded, developed, " @@ -305,7 +307,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:199 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:200 msgid "" "For 31 days in August of 2015, Sarah took point to organize and execute a " "Kickstarter campaign to generate the core funding for the book. The " @@ -316,7 +318,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:208 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:209 msgid "" "Paul and Sarah worked openly throughout the project, publishing the plans, " "drafts, case studies, and analysis, early and often, and they engaged " @@ -328,7 +330,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:218 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:219 msgid "" "Those who work and share in the commons are not typical creators. They are " "part of something greater than themselves, and what they offer us all is a " @@ -336,7 +338,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:224 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:225 msgid "" "Jonathan Mann, who is profiled in this book, writes a song a day. When I " "reached out to ask him to write a song for our Kickstarter (and to offer " @@ -347,23 +349,23 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:233 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:234 msgid "" -"Sarah writes, “Endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons thrive when " -"community is built around what they do. This may mean a community " +"Sarah writes, <quote>Endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons thrive " +"when community is built around what they do. This may mean a community " "collaborating together to create something new, or it may simply be a " "collection of like-minded people who get to know each other and rally around " "common interests or beliefs. To a certain extent, simply being Made with " "Creative Commons automatically brings with it some element of community, by " "helping connect you to like-minded others who recognize and are drawn to the " -"values symbolized by using CC.” Amanda Palmer, the other musician profiled " -"in the book, would surely add this from her case study: “There is no more " -"satisfying end goal than having someone tell you that what you do is " -"genuinely of value to them.”" +"values symbolized by using CC.</quote> Amanda Palmer, the other musician " +"profiled in the book, would surely add this from her case study: " +"<quote>There is no more satisfying end goal than having someone tell you " +"that what you do is genuinely of value to them.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:247 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:248 msgid "" "This is not a typical business book. For those looking for a recipe or a " "roadmap, you might be disappointed. But for those looking to pursue a social " @@ -375,56 +377,56 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:257 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:258 msgid "" -"In a 1996 Stanford Law Review article “The Zones of Cyberspace”, CC founder " -"Lawrence Lessig wrote, “Cyberspace is a place. People live there. They " -"experience all the sorts of things that they experience in real space, " -"there. For some, they experience more. They experience this not as isolated " -"individuals, playing some high tech computer game; they experience it in " -"groups, in communities, among strangers, among people they come to know, and " -"sometimes like.”" +"In a 1996 Stanford Law Review article <quote>The Zones of Cyberspace</" +"quote>, CC founder Lawrence Lessig wrote, <quote>Cyberspace is a place. " +"People live there. They experience all the sorts of things that they " +"experience in real space, there. For some, they experience more. They " +"experience this not as isolated individuals, playing some high tech computer " +"game; they experience it in groups, in communities, among strangers, among " +"people they come to know, and sometimes like.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:266 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:268 msgid "" "I’m incredibly proud that Creative Commons is able to publish this book for " "the many communities that we have come to know and like. I’m grateful to " "Paul and Sarah for their creativity and insights, and to the global " "communities that have helped us bring it to you. As CC board member " -"Johnathan Nightingale often says, “It’s all made of people.”" +"Johnathan Nightingale often says, <quote>It’s all made of people.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:274 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:276 msgid "That’s the true value of things that are Made with Creative Commons." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:277 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:279 msgid "<emphasis>Ryan Merkley</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:280 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:282 msgid "<emphasis>CEO, Creative Commons</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:284 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:286 msgid "Introduction" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:286 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:288 msgid "" "This book shows the world how sharing can be good for business—but with a " "twist." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:290 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:292 msgid "" "We began the project intending to explore how creators, organizations, and " "businesses make money to sustain what they do when they share their work " @@ -432,13 +434,13 @@ msgid "" "business models that use Creative Commons but instead gather fresh ideas and " "dynamic examples that spark new, innovative models and help others follow " "suit by building on what already works. At the onset, we framed our " -"investigation in familiar business terms. We created a blank “open business " -"model canvas,” an interactive online tool that would help people design and " -"analyze their business model." +"investigation in familiar business terms. We created a blank <quote>open " +"business model canvas,</quote> an interactive online tool that would help " +"people design and analyze their business model." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:302 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:304 msgid "" "Through the generous funding of Kickstarter backers, we set about this " "project first by identifying and selecting a diverse group of creators, " @@ -448,14 +450,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:310 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:312 msgid "" "But as we did our research, something interesting happened. Our initial way " "of framing the work did not match the stories we were hearing." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:315 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:317 msgid "" "Those we interviewed were not typical businesses selling to consumers and " "seeking to maximize profits and the bottom line. Instead, they were sharing " @@ -465,17 +467,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:323 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:325 msgid "" "They often didn’t like hearing what they do described as an open business " "model. Their endeavor was something more than that. Something different. " "Something that generates not just economic value but social and cultural " "value. Something that involves human connection. Being Made with Creative " -"Commons is not “business as usual.”" +"Commons is not <quote>business as usual.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:331 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:333 msgid "" "We had to rethink the way we conceived of this project. And it didn’t happen " "overnight. From the fall of 2015 through 2016, we documented our thoughts in " @@ -486,7 +488,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:340 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:342 msgid "" "Throughout the process, the two of us have often had very different ways of " "understanding and describing what we were learning. Learning from each other " @@ -498,14 +500,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:350 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:352 msgid "" "While we recommend that you read the book from start to finish, each section " "reads more or less independently. The book is structured into two main parts." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:355 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:357 msgid "" "Part one, the overview, begins with a big-picture framework written by Paul. " "He provides some historical context for the digital commons, describing the " @@ -516,7 +518,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:363 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:365 msgid "" "The overview continues with Sarah’s chapter, as she considers what it means " "to be successfully Made with Creative Commons. While making money is one " @@ -528,7 +530,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:373 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:375 msgid "" "And to end part one, we have a short section that explains the different " "Creative Commons licenses. We talk about the misconception that the more " @@ -537,7 +539,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:380 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:382 msgid "" "Part two of the book is made up of the twenty-four stories of the creators, " "businesses, and organizations we interviewed. While both of us participated " @@ -545,7 +547,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:386 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:388 msgid "" "Of course, we are pleased to make the book available using a Creative " "Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license. Please copy, distribute, translate, " @@ -553,7 +555,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:391 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:393 msgid "" "Writing this book has transformed and inspired us. The way we now look at " "and think about what it means to be Made with Creative Commons has " @@ -563,45 +565,45 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:398 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:400 msgid "<emphasis>Paul and Sarah </emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:402 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:404 msgid "The Big Picture" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:404 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:406 msgid "The New World of Digital Commons" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:406 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:408 msgid "Paul Stacey" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:416 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:418 msgid "" "Jonathan Rowe, Our Common Wealth (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013), 14." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:409 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:411 msgid "" -"Jonathan Rowe eloquently describes the commons as “the air and oceans, the " -"web of species, wilderness and flowing water—all are parts of the commons. " -"So are language and knowledge, sidewalks and public squares, the stories of " -"childhood and the processes of democracy. Some parts of the commons are " -"gifts of nature, others the product of human endeavor. Some are new, such as " -"the Internet; others are as ancient as soil and calligraphy.”<placeholder " -"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"Jonathan Rowe eloquently describes the commons as <quote>the air and oceans, " +"the web of species, wilderness and flowing water—all are parts of the " +"commons. So are language and knowledge, sidewalks and public squares, the " +"stories of childhood and the processes of democracy. Some parts of the " +"commons are gifts of nature, others the product of human endeavor. Some are " +"new, such as the Internet; others are as ancient as soil and calligraphy.</" +"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:421 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:423 msgid "" "In Made with Creative Commons, we focus on our current era of digital " "commons, a commons of human-produced works. This commons cuts across a broad " @@ -614,19 +616,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:436 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:438 msgid "" "David Bollier, Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of " "the Commons (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014), 176." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:444 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:446 msgid "Ibid., 15." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:432 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:434 msgid "" "The commons is not just about shared resources, however. It’s also about the " "social practices and values that manage them. A resource is a noun, but to " @@ -641,17 +643,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:451 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:453 msgid "The Commons, the Market, and the State" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:457 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:459 msgid "Ibid., 145." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:453 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:455 msgid "" "Historically, there have been three ways to manage resources and share " "wealth: the commons (managed collectively), the state (i.e., the " @@ -660,12 +662,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:466 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:468 msgid "Ibid., 175." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:461 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:463 msgid "" "The organizations and businesses in our case studies are unique in the way " "they participate in the commons while still engaging with the market and/or " @@ -678,14 +680,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:473 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:475 msgid "" "Fig. 1. is a depiction of how an enterprise can have varying levels of " "engagement with commons, state, and market." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:477 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:479 msgid "" "Some of our case studies are simply commons and market enterprises with " "little or no engagement with the state. A depiction of those case studies " @@ -698,7 +700,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:488 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:490 msgid "" "All our case studies generate money as a means of livelihood and " "sustainability. Money is primarily of the market. Finding ways to generate " @@ -709,7 +711,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:497 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:499 msgid "" "The state has an important role to play in fostering the use and adoption of " "the commons. State programs and funding can deliberately contribute to and " @@ -718,28 +720,28 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><textobject><phrase> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:504 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:511 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:506 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:513 msgid "Enterprise engagement with commons, state and market." msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:508 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:510 msgid "Pictures/10000201000008000000045C30360249076453E6.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:506 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:555 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:673 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:802 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:844 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:929 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:508 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:557 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:675 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:804 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:846 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:934 msgid "<placeholder type=\"mediaobject\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:517 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:519 msgid "" "It’s helpful to understand how the commons, market, and state manage " "resources differently, and not just for those who consider themselves " @@ -751,21 +753,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:528 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:530 msgid "The Four Aspects of a Resource" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:533 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:535 msgid "" -"Daniel H. Cole, “Learning from Lin: Lessons and Cautions from the Natural " -"Commons for the Knowledge Commons,” in Governing Knowledge Commons, eds. " -"Brett M. Frischmann, Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg (New " -"York: Oxford University Press, 2014), 53." +"Daniel H. Cole, <quote>Learning from Lin: Lessons and Cautions from the " +"Natural Commons for the Knowledge Commons,</quote> in Governing Knowledge " +"Commons, eds. Brett M. Frischmann, Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. " +"Strandburg (New York: Oxford University Press, 2014), 53." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:530 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:532 msgid "" "As part of her Nobel Prize–winning work, Elinor Ostrom developed a framework " "for analyzing how natural resources are managed in a commons.<placeholder " @@ -777,7 +779,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:546 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:548 msgid "" "To compare and contrast the ways in which the commons, market, and state " "work, let’s consider four aspects of resource management: resource " @@ -787,23 +789,23 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><textobject><phrase> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:554 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:560 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:556 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:562 msgid "Four aspects of resource management" msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:557 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:559 msgid "Pictures/10000201000007D0000007D0ACF13F8B71EAF0B9.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:566 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:568 msgid "Characteristics" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:568 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:570 msgid "" "Resources have particular characteristics or attributes that affect the way " "they can be used. Some resources are natural; others are human produced. And—" @@ -812,7 +814,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:575 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:577 msgid "" "Physical resources exist in limited supply. If I have a physical resource " "and give it to you, I no longer have it. When a resource is removed and " @@ -824,7 +826,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:586 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:588 msgid "" "Physical resources are depletable, exclusive, and rivalrous. Digital " "resources, on the other hand, are nondepletable, nonexclusive, and " @@ -836,7 +838,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:596 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:598 msgid "" "The nondepletable, nonexclusive, and nonrivalrous nature of digital " "resources means the rules and norms for managing them can (and ought to) be " @@ -846,7 +848,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:604 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:606 msgid "" "Our case studies frequently manage hybrid resources, which start out as " "digital with the possibility of being made into a physical resource. The " @@ -858,7 +860,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:615 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:617 msgid "" "Beyond this idea of physical versus digital, the commons, market, and state " "conceive of resources differently (see Fig. 3). The market sees resources " @@ -870,12 +872,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:626 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:628 msgid "People and processes" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:628 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:630 msgid "" "In the commons, the market, and the state, different people and processes " "are used to manage resources. The processes used define both who has a say " @@ -883,7 +885,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:633 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:635 msgid "" "In the state, a government of elected officials is responsible for managing " "resources on behalf of the public. The citizens who produce and use those " @@ -894,7 +896,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:642 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:644 msgid "" "In the market, the people involved are producers, buyers, sellers, and " "consumers. Businesses act as intermediaries between those who produce " @@ -905,14 +907,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:653 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:655 msgid "" "Max Haiven, Crises of Imagination, Crises of Power: Capitalism, Creativity " "and the Commons (New York: Zed Books, 2014), 93." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:651 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:653 msgid "" "In contrast to the state and market, resources in a commons are managed more " "directly by the people involved.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> " @@ -929,23 +931,23 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><mediaobject><textobject><phrase> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:671 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:678 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:673 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:680 msgid "How the market, commons and state concieve of resources." msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:675 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:677 msgid "Pictures/10000201000009C40000065D9EC4F530BD4DFBE0.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:685 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:687 msgid "Norms and rules" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:687 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:689 msgid "" "The social interactions between people, and the processes used by the state, " "market, and commons, evolve social norms and rules. These norms and rules " @@ -953,7 +955,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:693 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:695 msgid "" "State authority is governed by national constitutions. Norms related to " "priorities and decision making are defined by elected officials and " @@ -963,7 +965,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:701 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:703 msgid "" "Market norms are influenced by economics and competition for scarce " "resources. Market rules follow property, business, and financial laws " @@ -971,12 +973,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:713 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:715 msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 175." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:706 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:708 msgid "" "As with the market, a commons can be influenced by state policies, " "regulations, and laws. But the norms and rules of a commons are largely " @@ -987,12 +989,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:718 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:720 msgid "Goals" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:720 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:722 msgid "" "The combination of the aspects we’ve discussed so far—the resource’s " "inherent characteristics, people and processes, and norms and rules—shape " @@ -1001,16 +1003,16 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:732 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:734 msgid "" -"Joshua Farley and Ida Kubiszewski, “The Economics of Information in a Post-" -"Carbon Economy,” in Free Knowledge: Confronting the Commodification of Human " -"Discovery, eds. Patricia W. Elliott and Daryl H. Hepting (Regina, SK: " -"University of Regina Press, 2015), 201–4." +"Joshua Farley and Ida Kubiszewski, <quote>The Economics of Information in a " +"Post-Carbon Economy,</quote> in Free Knowledge: Confronting the " +"Commodification of Human Discovery, eds. Patricia W. Elliott and Daryl H. " +"Hepting (Regina, SK: University of Regina Press, 2015), 201–4." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:727 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:729 msgid "" "In the market, the focus is on maximizing the utility of a resource. What we " "pay for the goods we consume is seen as an objective measure of the utility " @@ -1021,7 +1023,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:742 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:744 msgid "" "The state aims to use and manage resources in a way that balances the " "economy with the social and cultural needs of its citizens. Health care, " @@ -1032,7 +1034,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:751 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:753 msgid "" "In the commons, the goal is maximizing access, equity, distribution, " "participation, innovation, and sustainability. You can measure success by " @@ -1043,7 +1045,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:760 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:762 msgid "" "As hybrid combinations of the commons with the market or state, the success " "and sustainability of all our case study enterprises depends on their " @@ -1052,12 +1054,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:768 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:770 msgid "A Short History of the Commons" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:770 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:772 msgid "" "Using the commons to manage resources is part of a long historical " "continuum. However, in contemporary society, the market and the state " @@ -1068,7 +1070,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:779 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:781 msgid "" "But the more than 1.1 billion resources licensed with Creative Commons " "around the world are indications of a grassroots move toward the commons. " @@ -1078,7 +1080,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:790 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:792 msgid "" "Rowe, Our Common Wealth, 19; and Heather Menzies, Reclaiming the Commons for " "the Common Good: A Memoir and Manifesto (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, " @@ -1086,7 +1088,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:786 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:788 msgid "" "For centuries, indigenous people and preindustrialized societies managed " "resources, including water, food, firewood, irrigation, fish, wild game, and " @@ -1099,23 +1101,23 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><textobject><phrase> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:801 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:807 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:803 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:809 msgid "In preindustrialized society." msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:804 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:806 msgid "Pictures/10000201000009C4000005153EACBD62F00F6BA9.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:816 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:818 msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 55–78." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:820 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:822 msgid "" "Fritjof Capra and Ugo Mattei, The Ecology of Law: Toward a Legal System in " "Tune with Nature and Community (Oakland, CA: Berrett-Koehler, 2015), 46–57; " @@ -1123,19 +1125,20 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:813 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:815 msgid "" "This is followed by a long history of the state (a monarchy or ruler) taking " "over the commons for their own purposes. This is called enclosure of the " -"commons.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> In olden days, “commoners” " -"were evicted from the land, fences and hedges erected, laws passed, and " -"security set up to forbid access.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> " -"Gradually, resources became the property of the state and the state became " -"the primary means by which resources were managed. (See Fig. 5)." +"commons.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> In olden days, " +"<quote>commoners</quote> were evicted from the land, fences and hedges " +"erected, laws passed, and security set up to forbid access.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> Gradually, resources became the property of the " +"state and the state became the primary means by which resources were " +"managed. (See Fig. 5)." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:829 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:831 msgid "" "Holdings of land, water, and game were distributed to ruling family and " "political appointees. Commoners displaced from the land migrated to cities. " @@ -1150,54 +1153,54 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><textobject><phrase> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:843 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:849 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:845 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:851 msgid "The commons is gradually superseded by the state." msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:846 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:848 msgid "Pictures/10000201000009C4000005150F069409C1CC12F0.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:855 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:857 msgid "" "However, the world today is going through turbulent times. The benefits of " "the market have been offset by unequal distribution and overexploitation." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:860 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:862 msgid "" -"Overexploitation was the topic of Garrett Hardin’s influential essay “The " -"Tragedy of the Commons,” published in Science in 1968. Hardin argues that " -"everyone in a commons seeks to maximize personal gain and will continue to " -"do so even when the limits of the commons are reached. The commons is then " -"tragically depleted to the point where it can no longer support anyone. " -"Hardin’s essay became widely accepted as an economic truism and a " -"justification for private property and free markets." +"Overexploitation was the topic of Garrett Hardin’s influential essay " +"<quote>The Tragedy of the Commons,</quote> published in Science in 1968. " +"Hardin argues that everyone in a commons seeks to maximize personal gain and " +"will continue to do so even when the limits of the commons are reached. The " +"commons is then tragically depleted to the point where it can no longer " +"support anyone. Hardin’s essay became widely accepted as an economic truism " +"and a justification for private property and free markets." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:887 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:890 msgid "" "Brett M. Frischmann, Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg, " -"“Governing Knowledge Commons,” in Frischmann, Madison, and Strandburg " -"Governing Knowledge Commons, 12." +"<quote>Governing Knowledge Commons,</quote> in Frischmann, Madison, and " +"Strandburg Governing Knowledge Commons, 12." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:870 -msgid "" -"However, there is one serious flaw with Hardin’s “The Tragedy of the " -"Commons”—it’s fiction. Hardin did not actually study how real commons work. " -"Elinor Ostrom won the 2009 Nobel Prize in economics for her work studying " -"different commons all around the world. Ostrom’s work shows that natural " -"resource commons can be successfully managed by local communities without " -"any regulation by central authorities or without privatization. Government " -"and privatization are not the only two choices. There is a third way: " -"management by the people, where those that are directly impacted are " +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:873 +msgid "" +"However, there is one serious flaw with Hardin’s <quote>The Tragedy of the " +"Commons</quote>—it’s fiction. Hardin did not actually study how real commons " +"work. Elinor Ostrom won the 2009 Nobel Prize in economics for her work " +"studying different commons all around the world. Ostrom’s work shows that " +"natural resource commons can be successfully managed by local communities " +"without any regulation by central authorities or without privatization. " +"Government and privatization are not the only two choices. There is a third " +"way: management by the people, where those that are directly impacted are " "directly involved. With natural resources, there is a regional locality. The " "people in the region are the most familiar with the natural resource, have " "the most direct relationship and history with it, and are therefore best " @@ -1208,7 +1211,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:893 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:897 msgid "" "Hardin failed to consider the actual social dynamic of the commons. His " "model assumed that people in the commons act autonomously, out of pure self-" @@ -1221,14 +1224,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:909 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:913 msgid "" -"Farley and Kubiszewski, “Economics of Information,” in Elliott and Hepting, " -"Free Knowledge, 203." +"Farley and Kubiszewski, <quote>Economics of Information,</quote> in Elliott " +"and Hepting, Free Knowledge, 203." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:905 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:909 msgid "" "Hardin’s story is based on the premise of depletable resources. Economists " "have focused almost exclusively on scarcity-based markets. Very little is " @@ -1242,7 +1245,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:920 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:925 msgid "" "When it comes to use of state funds to create digital goods, however, there " "is really no justification for artificial scarcity. The norm for state " @@ -1251,23 +1254,23 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><textobject><phrase> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:927 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:934 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:932 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:939 msgid "How the market, the state and the commons look today." msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:931 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:936 msgid "Pictures/10000201000009C400000515F1CAA15B223F6BAF.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:941 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:946 msgid "The Digital Revolution" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:943 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:948 msgid "" "In the early days of computing, programmers and developers learned from each " "other by sharing software. In the 1980s, the free-software movement codified " @@ -1275,12 +1278,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:951 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:956 msgid "The freedom to run a software program as you wish, for any purpose." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:957 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:962 msgid "" "The freedom to study how a software program works (because access to the " "source code has been freely given), and change it so it does your computing " @@ -1288,40 +1291,41 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:964 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:969 msgid "The freedom to redistribute copies." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:971 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:975 msgid "" -"“What Is Free Software?” GNU Operating System, the Free Software " -"Foundation’s Licensing and Compliance Lab, accessed December 30, 2016, " -"<ulink url=\"http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw\"/>." +"<quote>What Is Free Software?</quote> GNU Operating System, the Free " +"Software Foundation’s Licensing and Compliance Lab, accessed December 30, " +"2016, <ulink url=\"http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:969 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:974 msgid "" "The freedom to distribute copies of your modified versions to others." "<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:980 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:984 msgid "" "These principles and freedoms constitute a set of norms and rules that " "typify a digital commons." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:995 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:999 msgid "" -"Wikipedia, s.v. “Open-source software,” last modified November 22, 2016." +"Wikipedia, s.v. <quote>Open-source software,</quote> last modified November " +"22, 2016." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:984 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:988 msgid "" "In the late 1990s, to make the sharing of source code and collaboration more " "appealing to companies, the open-source-software initiative converted these " @@ -1338,29 +1342,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1010 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1014 msgid "" -"Eric S. Raymond, “The Magic Cauldron,” in The Cathedral and the Bazaar: " -"Musings on Linux and Open Source by an Accidental Revolutionary, rev. ed. " -"(Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, 2001), <ulink url=\"http://www.catb.org/esr/" -"writings/cathedral-bazaar/\"/>." +"Eric S. Raymond, <quote>The Magic Cauldron,</quote> in The Cathedral and the " +"Bazaar: Musings on Linux and Open Source by an Accidental Revolutionary, " +"rev. ed. (Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, 2001), <ulink url=\"http://www." +"catb.org/esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1002 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1006 msgid "" "While open-source software functions as a commons, many businesses and " "markets did build up around it. Business models based on the licenses and " "standards of open-source software evolved alongside organizations that " "managed software code on principles of abundance rather than scarcity. Eric " -"Raymond’s essay “The Magic Cauldron” does a great job of analyzing the " -"economics and business models associated with open-source software." -"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> These models can provide examples " -"of sustainable approaches for those Made with Creative Commons." +"Raymond’s essay <quote>The Magic Cauldron</quote> does a great job of " +"analyzing the economics and business models associated with open-source " +"software.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> These models can provide " +"examples of sustainable approaches for those Made with Creative Commons." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1019 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1023 msgid "" "It isn’t just about an abundant availability of digital assets but also " "about abundance of participation. The growth of personal computing, " @@ -1375,7 +1379,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1038 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1042 msgid "" "New York Times Customer Insight Group, The Psychology of Sharing: Why Do " "People Share Online? (New York: New York Times Customer Insight Group, " @@ -1383,7 +1387,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1032 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1036 msgid "" "But people like to share. One of the ways we define ourselves is by sharing " "valuable and entertaining content. Doing so grows and nourishes " @@ -1393,14 +1397,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1046 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1050 #, fuzzy #| msgid "Made With Creative Commons" msgid "The Birth of Creative Commons" msgstr "Зроблено з Creative Commons" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1048 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1052 msgid "" "In 2001, Creative Commons was created as a nonprofit to support all those " "who wanted to share digital content. A suite of Creative Commons licenses " @@ -1411,15 +1415,15 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1069 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1072 msgid "" -"“Licensing Considerations,” Creative Commons, accessed December 30, 2016, " -"<ulink url=\"http://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/licensing-" +"<quote>Licensing Considerations,</quote> Creative Commons, accessed December " +"30, 2016, <ulink url=\"http://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/licensing-" "considerations/\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1057 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1061 msgid "" "Creative Commons licenses have a three-layer design. The norms and rules of " "each license are first expressed in full legal language as used by lawyers. " @@ -1436,7 +1440,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1077 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1080 msgid "" "In 2015, there were over one billion Creative Commons licensed works in a " "global commons. These works were viewed online 136 billion times. People are " @@ -1446,14 +1450,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1090 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1093 msgid "" "Creative Commons, 2015 State of the Commons (Mountain View, CA: Creative " "Commons, 2015), <ulink url=\"http://stateof.creativecommons.org/2015/\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1085 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1088 msgid "" "Individual artists, photographers, musicians, and filmmakers use Creative " "Commons, but so do museums, governments, creative industries, manufacturers, " @@ -1465,7 +1469,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1098 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1101 msgid "" "Some see Creative Commons as a way to share a gift with others, a way of " "getting known, or a way to provide social benefit. Others are simply " @@ -1479,7 +1483,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1110 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1113 msgid "" "Over time, Creative Commons has spawned a range of open movements, including " "open educational resources, open access, open science, and open data. The " @@ -1489,15 +1493,15 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1123 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1126 msgid "" -"Wikipedia, s.v. “Open Government Partnership,” last modified September 24, " -"2016, <ulink url=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Government_Partnership" -"\"/>." +"Wikipedia, s.v. <quote>Open Government Partnership,</quote> last modified " +"September 24, 2016, <ulink url=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/" +"Open_Government_Partnership\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1118 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1121 msgid "" "The state is increasingly involved in supporting open movements. The Open " "Government Partnership was launched in 2011 to provide an international " @@ -1511,22 +1515,22 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1134 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1137 msgid "The Changing Market" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1142 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1145 msgid "Capra and Mattei, Ecology of Law, 114." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1150 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1153 msgid "Ibid., 116." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1136 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1139 msgid "" "Today’s market is largely driven by global capitalism. Law and financial " "systems are structured to support extraction, privatization, and corporate " @@ -1542,15 +1546,15 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1160 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1163 msgid "" -"The Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency, “Stockholm " -"Statement” accessed February 15, 2017, <ulink url=\"http://sida.se/" +"The Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency, <quote>Stockholm " +"Statement</quote> accessed February 15, 2017, <ulink url=\"http://sida.se/" "globalassets/sida/eng/press/stockholm-statement.pdf\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1154 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1157 msgid "" "In light of these challenges there is a growing recognition that GDP growth " "should not be an end in itself, that development needs to be socially and " @@ -1560,7 +1564,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1171 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1175 msgid "" "City of Bologna, Regulation on Collaboration between Citizens and the City " "for the Care and Regeneration of Urban Commons, trans. LabGov (LABoratory " @@ -1571,7 +1575,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1181 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1185 msgid "" "The Seoul Sharing City website is <ulink url=\"http://english.sharehub.kr\"/" ">; for Amsterdam Sharing City, go to <ulink url=\"http://www.sharenl.nl/" @@ -1579,27 +1583,27 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1166 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1170 msgid "" "These realizations have led to a resurgence of interest in the commons as a " "means of enabling that balance. City governments like Bologna, Italy, are " "collaborating with their citizens to put in place regulations for the care " "and regeneration of urban commons.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> " -"Seoul and Amsterdam call themselves “sharing cities,” looking to make " -"sustainable and more efficient use of scarce resources. They see sharing as " -"a way to improve the use of public spaces, mobility, social cohesion, and " -"safety.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" +"Seoul and Amsterdam call themselves <quote>sharing cities,</quote> looking " +"to make sustainable and more efficient use of scarce resources. They see " +"sharing as a way to improve the use of public spaces, mobility, social " +"cohesion, and safety.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1198 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1202 msgid "" "Tom Slee, What’s Yours Is Mine: Against the Sharing Economy (New York: OR " "Books, 2015), 42." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1188 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1192 msgid "" "The market itself has taken an interest in the sharing economy, with " "businesses like Airbnb providing a peer-to-peer marketplace for short-term " @@ -1619,7 +1623,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1220 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1224 msgid "" "Chris Anderson, Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by Giving " "Something for Nothing, Reprint with new preface. (New York: Hyperion, " @@ -1627,7 +1631,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1210 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1214 msgid "" "One way Made with Creative Commons case studies differ from those of the " "sharing economy is their focus on digital resources. Digital resources " @@ -1641,7 +1645,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1226 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1230 msgid "" "Those that are Made with Creative Commons are looking to leverage the unique " "inherent characteristics of digital resources, including lowering costs. The " @@ -1656,7 +1660,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1245 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1249 msgid "" "Jeremy Rifkin, The Zero Marginal Cost Society: The Internet of Things, the " "Collaborative Commons, and the Eclipse of Capitalism (New York: Palgrave " @@ -1664,7 +1668,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1240 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1244 msgid "" "The incremental cost of storing, copying, and distributing digital goods is " "next to zero, making abundance possible. But imagining a market based on " @@ -1676,7 +1680,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1253 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1257 msgid "" "Some are looking to minimize their interactions with the market and operate " "as autonomously as possible. Others are operating largely as a business " @@ -1685,7 +1689,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1267 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1271 msgid "" "Gar Alperovitz, What Then Must We Do? Straight Talk about the Next American " "Revolution: Democratizing Wealth and Building a Community-Sustaining Economy " @@ -1693,14 +1697,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1276 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1280 msgid "" "Marjorie Kelly, Owning Our Future: The Emerging Ownership Revolution; " "Journeys to a Generative Economy (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2012), 8–9." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1260 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1264 msgid "" "For an ordinary corporation, making social benefit a part of its operations " "is difficult, as it’s legally required to make decisions that financially " @@ -1715,7 +1719,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1289 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1292 msgid "" "Alex Osterwalder and Yves Pigneur, Business Model Generation (Hoboken, NJ: " "John Wiley and Sons, 2010). A preview of the book is available at <ulink url=" @@ -1723,50 +1727,51 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1282 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1285 msgid "" -"“A book on open business models” is how we described it in this book’s " -"Kickstarter campaign. We used a handbook called Business Model Generation as " -"our reference for defining just what a business model is. Developed over " -"nine years using an “open process” involving 470 coauthors from forty-five " -"countries, it is useful as a framework for talking about business models." -"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"<quote>A book on open business models</quote> is how we described it in this " +"book’s Kickstarter campaign. We used a handbook called Business Model " +"Generation as our reference for defining just what a business model is. " +"Developed over nine years using an <quote>open process</quote> involving 470 " +"coauthors from forty-five countries, it is useful as a framework for talking " +"about business models.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1298 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1302 msgid "" "This business model canvas is available to download at <ulink url=\"http://" "strategyzer.com/canvas/business-model-canvas\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1306 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1310 msgid "" -"We’ve made the “Open Business Model Canvas,” designed by the coauthor Paul " -"Stacey, available online at <ulink url=\"http://docs.google.com/drawings/" -"d/1QOIDa2qak7wZSSOa4Wv6qVMO77IwkKHN7CYyq0wHivs/edit\"/>. You can also find " -"the accompanying Open Business Model Canvas Questions at <ulink url=\"http://" -"docs.google.com/drawings/d/1kACK7TkoJgsM18HUWCbX9xuQ0Byna4plSVZXZGTtays/edit" -"\"/>." +"We’ve made the <quote>Open Business Model Canvas,</quote> designed by the " +"coauthor Paul Stacey, available online at <ulink url=\"http://docs.google." +"com/drawings/d/1QOIDa2qak7wZSSOa4Wv6qVMO77IwkKHN7CYyq0wHivs/edit\"/>. You " +"can also find the accompanying Open Business Model Canvas Questions at " +"<ulink url=\"http://docs.google.com/drawings/" +"d/1kACK7TkoJgsM18HUWCbX9xuQ0Byna4plSVZXZGTtays/edit\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1296 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1299 msgid "" -"It contains a “business model canvas,” which conceives of a business model " -"as having nine building blocks.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> " -"This blank canvas can serve as a tool for anyone to design their own " -"business model. We remixed this business model canvas into an open business " -"model canvas, adding three more building blocks relevant to hybrid market, " -"commons enterprises: social good, Creative Commons license, and “type of " -"open environment that the business fits in.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " -"id=\"1\"/> This enhanced canvas proved useful when we analyzed businesses " -"and helped start-ups plan their economic model." +"It contains a <quote>business model canvas,</quote> which conceives of a " +"business model as having nine building blocks.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " +"id=\"0\"/> This blank canvas can serve as a tool for anyone to design their " +"own business model. We remixed this business model canvas into an open " +"business model canvas, adding three more building blocks relevant to hybrid " +"market, commons enterprises: social good, Creative Commons license, and " +"<quote>type of open environment that the business fits in.</" +"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> This enhanced canvas proved " +"useful when we analyzed businesses and helped start-ups plan their economic " +"model." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1316 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1320 msgid "" "In our case study interviews, many expressed discomfort over describing " "themselves as an open business model—the term business model suggested " @@ -1780,37 +1785,37 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1337 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1342 msgid "" "A more comprehensive list of revenue streams is available in this post I " -"wrote on Medium on March 6, 2016. “What Is an Open Business Model and How " -"Can You Generate Revenue?”, available at <ulink url=\"http://medium.com/made-" -"with-creative-commons/what-is-an-open-business-model-and-how-can-you-" -"generate-revenue-5854d2659b15\"/>." +"wrote on Medium on March 6, 2016. <quote>What Is an Open Business Model and " +"How Can You Generate Revenue?</quote>, available at <ulink url=\"http://" +"medium.com/made-with-creative-commons/what-is-an-open-business-model-and-how-" +"can-you-generate-revenue-5854d2659b15\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1329 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1333 msgid "" "The creators, businesses, and organizations we profile all engage with the " "market to generate revenue in some way. The ways in which this is done vary " -"widely. Donations, pay what you can, memberships, “digital for free but " -"physical for a fee,” crowdfunding, matchmaking, value-add services, " -"patrons . . . the list goes on and on. (Initial description of how to earn " -"revenue available through reference note. For latest thinking see How to " -"Bring In Money in the next section.)<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/" -"> There is no single magic bullet, and each endeavor has devised ways that " -"work for them. Most make use of more than one way. Diversifying revenue " +"widely. Donations, pay what you can, memberships, <quote>digital for free " +"but physical for a fee,</quote> crowdfunding, matchmaking, value-add " +"services, patrons . . . the list goes on and on. (Initial description of how " +"to earn revenue available through reference note. For latest thinking see " +"How to Bring In Money in the next section.)<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" +"\"0\"/> There is no single magic bullet, and each endeavor has devised ways " +"that work for them. Most make use of more than one way. Diversifying revenue " "streams lowers risk and provides multiple paths to sustainability." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1349 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1354 msgid "Benefits of the Digital Commons" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1351 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1356 msgid "" "While it may be clear why commons-based organizations want to interact and " "engage with the market (they need money to survive), it may be less obvious " @@ -1819,7 +1824,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1357 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1362 msgid "" "The commons speeds dissemination. The free flow of resources in the commons " "offers tremendous economies of scale. Distribution is decentralized, with " @@ -1829,7 +1834,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1366 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1371 msgid "" "The commons ensures access to all. The market has traditionally operated by " "putting resources behind a paywall requiring payment first before access. " @@ -1843,7 +1848,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1379 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1384 msgid "" "The commons maximizes participation. Resources in the commons can be used " "and contributed to by everyone. Using the resources of others, contributing " @@ -1857,7 +1862,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1401 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1406 msgid "" "Henry Chesbrough, Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and " "Profiting from Technology (Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2006), 31–" @@ -1865,7 +1870,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1392 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1397 msgid "" "The commons spurs innovation. Resources in the hands of more people who can " "use them leads to new ideas. The way commons resources can be modified, " @@ -1881,7 +1886,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1410 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1415 msgid "" "The commons boosts reach and impact. The digital commons is global. " "Resources may be created for a local or regional need, but they go far and " @@ -1895,7 +1900,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1423 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1428 msgid "" "The commons is generative. Instead of extracting value, the commons adds " "value. Digitized resources persist without becoming depleted, and through " @@ -1910,7 +1915,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1437 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1442 msgid "" "The commons brings people together for a common cause. The commons vests " "people directly with the responsibility to manage the resources for the " @@ -1926,7 +1931,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1452 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1457 msgid "" "The benefits of the commons are many. When these benefits align with the " "goals of individuals, communities, businesses in the market, or state " @@ -1935,12 +1940,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1459 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1464 msgid "Our Case Studies" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1461 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1466 msgid "" "The creators, organizations, and businesses in our case studies operate as " "nonprofits, for-profits, and social enterprises. Regardless of legal " @@ -1953,7 +1958,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1473 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1478 msgid "" "The case studies are based on the narratives told to us by founders and key " "staff. Instead of solely using financials as the measure of success and " @@ -1963,7 +1968,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1481 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1486 msgid "" "Our case studies are diverse, ranging from publishing to education and " "manufacturing. All of the organizations, businesses, and creators in the " @@ -1975,7 +1980,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1491 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1496 msgid "" "They are creating new resources, or using the resources of others, or mixing " "existing resources together to make something new. They, and their audience, " @@ -1985,7 +1990,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1499 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1504 msgid "" "And as users of Creative Commons licenses, they are automatically part of a " "global community. The new digital commons is global. Those we profiled come " @@ -1994,7 +1999,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1506 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1511 msgid "" "Creative Commons licenses may express legal rules around the use of " "resources in a commons, but success in the commons requires more than " @@ -2009,7 +2014,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1519 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1524 msgid "" "The new digital commons is here to stay. Made With Creative Commons case " "studies show how it’s possible to be part of this commons while still " @@ -2020,7 +2025,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1528 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1533 msgid "" "Enterprise use of Creative Commons has only just begun. The case studies in " "this book are merely starting points. Each is changing and evolving over " @@ -2031,19 +2036,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1539 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1544 #, fuzzy #| msgid "Made With Creative Commons" msgid "How to Be Made with Creative Commons" msgstr "Зроблено з Creative Commons" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1541 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1546 msgid "Sarah Hinchliff Pearson" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1544 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1549 msgid "" "When we began this project in August 2015, we set out to write a book about " "business models that involve Creative Commons licenses in some significant " @@ -2060,7 +2065,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1560 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1565 msgid "" "We analyzed the revenue models, customer segments, and value propositions of " "each endeavor. We searched for ways that putting their content under " @@ -2072,7 +2077,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1570 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1575 msgid "" "In fairly short order, we realized the book we set out to write was quite " "different from the one that was revealing itself in our interviews and " @@ -2080,7 +2085,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1575 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1580 msgid "" "It isn’t that we were wrong to think you can make money while using Creative " "Commons licenses. In many instances, CC can help make you more money. Nor " @@ -2091,7 +2096,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1587 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1593 msgid "" "Alex Osterwalder and Yves Pigneur, Business Model Generation (Hoboken, NJ: " "John Wiley and Sons, 2010), 14. A preview of the book is available at <ulink " @@ -2099,19 +2104,20 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1584 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1589 msgid "" "According to the seminal handbook Business Model Generation, a business " -"model “describes the rationale of how an organization creates, delivers, and " -"captures value.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Thinking about " -"sharing in terms of creating and capturing value always felt inappropriately " -"transactional and out of place, something we heard time and time again in " -"our interviews. And as Cory Doctorow told us in our interview with him, " -"“Business model can mean anything you want it to mean.”" +"model <quote>describes the rationale of how an organization creates, " +"delivers, and captures value.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/" +"> Thinking about sharing in terms of creating and capturing value always " +"felt inappropriately transactional and out of place, something we heard time " +"and time again in our interviews. And as Cory Doctorow told us in our " +"interview with him, <quote>Business model can mean anything you want it to " +"mean.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1598 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1605 msgid "" "Eventually, we got it. Being Made with Creative Commons is more than a " "business model. While we will talk about specific revenue models as one " @@ -2120,7 +2126,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1605 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1612 msgid "" "Admittedly, it took me a long time to get there. When Paul and I divided up " "our writing after finishing the research, my charge was to distill " @@ -2132,7 +2138,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1615 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1622 msgid "" "In every interview, we started from the same simple questions. Amid all the " "diversity among the creators, organizations, and businesses we profiled, " @@ -2145,7 +2151,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1627 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1634 msgid "" "But we also started to realize something about what it means to be Made with " "Creative Commons. When people talked to us about how and why they used CC, " @@ -2155,7 +2161,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1635 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1642 msgid "" "At one level, being Made with Creative Commons expresses an affinity for the " "value of Creative Commons. While there are many different flavors of CC " @@ -2170,21 +2176,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1649 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1656 msgid "" "Whether the public makes use of the opportunity to copy and adapt your work, " "sharing with a Creative Commons license is a symbol of how you want to " "interact with the people who consume your work. Whenever you create " -"something, “all rights reserved” under copyright is automatic, so the " -"copyright symbol (©) on the work does not necessarily come across as a " -"marker of distrust or excessive protectionism. But using a CC license can be " -"a symbol of the opposite—of wanting a real human relationship, rather than " -"an impersonal market transaction. It leaves open the possibility of " +"something, <quote>all rights reserved</quote> under copyright is automatic, " +"so the copyright symbol (©) on the work does not necessarily come across as " +"a marker of distrust or excessive protectionism. But using a CC license can " +"be a symbol of the opposite—of wanting a real human relationship, rather " +"than an impersonal market transaction. It leaves open the possibility of " "connection." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1661 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1668 msgid "" "Being Made with Creative Commons not only demonstrates values connected to " "CC and sharing. It also demonstrates that something other than profit drives " @@ -2194,29 +2200,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1674 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1681 msgid "" "Cory Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: Laws for the Internet " "Age (San Francisco, CA: McSweeney’s, 2014) 68." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1669 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1676 msgid "" "The driving motivation varies depending on the type of endeavor. For " "individual creators, it is most often about personal inspiration. In some " -"ways, this is nothing new. As Doctorow has written, “Creators usually start " -"doing what they do for love.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> But " -"when you share your creative work under a CC license, that dynamic is even " -"more pronounced. Similarly, for technological innovators, it is often less " -"about creating a specific new thing that will make you rich and more about " -"solving a specific problem you have. The creators of Arduino told us that " -"the key question when creating something is “Do you as the creator want to " -"use it? It has to have personal use and meaning.”" +"ways, this is nothing new. As Doctorow has written, <quote>Creators usually " +"start doing what they do for love.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" +"\"0\"/> But when you share your creative work under a CC license, that " +"dynamic is even more pronounced. Similarly, for technological innovators, it " +"is often less about creating a specific new thing that will make you rich " +"and more about solving a specific problem you have. The creators of Arduino " +"told us that the key question when creating something is <quote>Do you as " +"the creator want to use it? It has to have personal use and meaning.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1685 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1693 msgid "" "Many that are Made with Creative Commons have an express social mission that " "underpins everything they do. In many cases, sharing with Creative Commons " @@ -2228,7 +2234,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1695 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1703 msgid "" "This dynamic is probably one reason why there are so many nonprofit examples " "of being Made with Creative Commons. The content is the result of a labor of " @@ -2240,7 +2246,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1705 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1713 msgid "" "Even if profit isn’t the end goal, you have to bring in money to be " "successfully Made with Creative Commons. At a bare minimum, you have to make " @@ -2248,25 +2254,25 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1710 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1718 msgid "" "The costs of doing business vary widely for those made with CC, but there is " "generally a much lower threshold for sustainability than there used to be " "for any creative endeavor. Digital technology has made it easier than ever " "to create, and easier than ever to distribute. As Doctorow put it in his " -"book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, “If analog dollars have turned " -"into digital dimes (as the critics of ad-supported media have it), there is " -"the fact that it’s possible to run a business that gets the same amount of " -"advertising as its forebears at a fraction of the price.”" +"book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, <quote>If analog dollars have " +"turned into digital dimes (as the critics of ad-supported media have it), " +"there is the fact that it’s possible to run a business that gets the same " +"amount of advertising as its forebears at a fraction of the price.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1727 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1735 msgid "Ibid., 55." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1722 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1730 msgid "" "Some creation costs are the same as they always were. It takes the same " "amount of time and money to write a peer-reviewed journal article or paint a " @@ -2281,7 +2287,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1739 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1747 msgid "" "Chris Anderson, Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by Giving " "Something for Nothing, reprint with new preface (New York: Hyperion, 2010), " @@ -2289,7 +2295,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1736 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1744 msgid "" "Distributing content is almost universally cheaper than ever. Once content " "is created, the costs to distribute copies digitally are essentially zero." @@ -2303,45 +2309,45 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1761 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1769 msgid "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 44." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1751 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1759 msgid "" "It’s important to recognize that the biggest impact of technology on " "creative endeavors is that creators can now foot the costs of creation and " "distribution themselves. People now often have a direct route to their " "potential public without necessarily needing intermediaries like record " -"labels and book publishers. Doctorow wrote, “If you’re a creator who never " -"got the time of day from one of the great imperial powers, this is your " -"time. Where once you had no means of reaching an audience without the " +"labels and book publishers. Doctorow wrote, <quote>If you’re a creator who " +"never got the time of day from one of the great imperial powers, this is " +"your time. Where once you had no means of reaching an audience without the " "assistance of the industry-dominating megacompanies, now you have hundreds " -"of ways to do it without them.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> " -"Previously, distribution of creative work involved the costs associated with " -"sustaining a monolithic entity, now creators can do the work themselves. " -"That means the financial needs of creative endeavors can be a lot more " -"modest." +"of ways to do it without them.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" +"\"0\"/> Previously, distribution of creative work involved the costs " +"associated with sustaining a monolithic entity, now creators can do the work " +"themselves. That means the financial needs of creative endeavors can be a " +"lot more modest." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1768 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1776 msgid "" "Whether for an individual creator or a larger endeavor, it usually isn’t " "enough to break even if you want to make what you’re doing a livelihood. You " "need to build in some support for the general operation. This extra bit " "looks different for everyone, but importantly, in nearly all cases for those " -"Made with Creative Commons, the definition of “enough money” looks a lot " -"different than it does in the world of venture capital and stock options. It " -"is more about sustainability and less about unlimited growth and profit. " -"SparkFun founder Nathan Seidle told us, “Business model is a really " -"grandiose word for it. It is really just about keeping the operation going " -"day to day.”" +"Made with Creative Commons, the definition of <quote>enough money</quote> " +"looks a lot different than it does in the world of venture capital and stock " +"options. It is more about sustainability and less about unlimited growth and " +"profit. SparkFun founder Nathan Seidle told us, <quote>Business model is a " +"really grandiose word for it. It is really just about keeping the operation " +"going day to day.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1781 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1789 msgid "" "This book is a testament to the notion that it is possible to make money " "while using CC licenses and CC-licensed content, but we are still very much " @@ -2351,96 +2357,98 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1789 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1797 msgid "" "There are, however, plenty of ways in which CC licensing can be good for " "business in fairly predictable ways. The first is how it helps solve " -"“problem zero.”" +"<quote>problem zero.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1794 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1802 msgid "Problem Zero: Getting Discovered" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1801 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1809 msgid "" "Amanda Palmer, The Art of Asking: Or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Let " "People Help (New York: Grand Central, 2014), 121." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1815 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1824 msgid "" "Chris Anderson, Makers: The New Industrial Revolution (New York: Signal, " "2012), 64." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1796 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1804 msgid "" "Once you create or collect your content, the next step is finding users, " -"customers, fans—in other words, your people. As Amanda Palmer wrote, “It has " -"to start with the art. The songs had to touch people initially, and mean " -"something, for anything to work at all.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" -"\"0\"/> There isn’t any magic to finding your people, and there is certainly " -"no formula. Your work has to connect with people and offer them some " -"artistic and/or utilitarian value. In some ways, this is easier than ever. " -"Online we are not limited by shelf space, so there is room for every obscure " -"interest, taste, and need imaginable. This is what Chris Anderson dubbed the " -"Long Tail, where consumption becomes less about mainstream mass “hits” and " -"more about micromarkets for every particular niche. As Anderson wrote, “We " +"customers, fans—in other words, your people. As Amanda Palmer wrote, " +"<quote>It has to start with the art. The songs had to touch people " +"initially, and mean something, for anything to work at all.</" +"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> There isn’t any magic to " +"finding your people, and there is certainly no formula. Your work has to " +"connect with people and offer them some artistic and/or utilitarian value. " +"In some ways, this is easier than ever. Online we are not limited by shelf " +"space, so there is room for every obscure interest, taste, and need " +"imaginable. This is what Chris Anderson dubbed the Long Tail, where " +"consumption becomes less about mainstream mass <quote>hits</quote> and more " +"about micromarkets for every particular niche. As Anderson wrote, <quote>We " "are all different, with different wants and needs, and the Internet now has " -"a place for all of them in the way that physical markets did " -"not.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> We are no longer limited to " +"a place for all of them in the way that physical markets did not.</" +"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> We are no longer limited to " "what appeals to the masses." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1828 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1838 msgid "" "David Bollier, Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of " "the Commons (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014), 70." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1834 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1845 msgid "Anderson, Makers, 66." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1838 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1850 msgid "" "Bryan Kramer, Shareology: How Sharing Is Powering the Human Economy (New " "York: Morgan James, 2016), 10." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1821 -msgid "" -"While finding “your people” online is theoretically easier than in the " -"analog world, as a practical matter it can still be difficult to actually " -"get noticed. The Internet is a firehose of content, one that only grows " -"larger by the minute. As a content creator, not only are you competing for " -"attention against more content creators than ever before, you are competing " -"against creativity generated outside the market as well.<placeholder type=" -"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Anderson wrote, “The greatest change of the past " -"decade has been the shift in time people spend consuming amateur content " -"instead of professional content.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> " -"To top it all off, you have to compete against the rest of their lives, too" -"—“friends, family, music playlists, soccer games, and nights on the " -"town.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"2\"/> Somehow, some way, you have " -"to get noticed by the right people." +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1830 +msgid "" +"While finding <quote>your people</quote> online is theoretically easier than " +"in the analog world, as a practical matter it can still be difficult to " +"actually get noticed. The Internet is a firehose of content, one that only " +"grows larger by the minute. As a content creator, not only are you " +"competing for attention against more content creators than ever before, you " +"are competing against creativity generated outside the market as well." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Anderson wrote, <quote>The " +"greatest change of the past decade has been the shift in time people spend " +"consuming amateur content instead of professional content.</" +"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> To top it all off, you have " +"to compete against the rest of their lives, too—<quote>friends, family, " +"music playlists, soccer games, and nights on the town.</quote><placeholder " +"type=\"footnote\" id=\"2\"/> Somehow, some way, you have to get noticed by " +"the right people." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1852 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1864 msgid "Anderson, Free, 62." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1844 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1856 msgid "" "When you come to the Internet armed with an all-rights-reserved mentality " "from the start, you are often restricting access to your work before there " @@ -2452,26 +2460,26 @@ msgid "" "to charge money for your content. It simply means you need to recognize the " "effect that doing so will have on demand. The same principle applies to " "restricting access to copy the work. If your problem is how to get " -"discovered and find “your people,” prohibiting people from copying your work " -"and sharing it with others is counterproductive." +"discovered and find <quote>your people,</quote> prohibiting people from " +"copying your work and sharing it with others is counterproductive." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1866 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1878 msgid "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 38." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1862 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1874 msgid "" "Of course, it’s not that being discovered by people who like your work will " -"make you rich—far from it. But as Cory Doctorow says, “Recognition is one of " -"many necessary preconditions for artistic success.”<placeholder type=" -"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"make you rich—far from it. But as Cory Doctorow says, <quote>Recognition is " +"one of many necessary preconditions for artistic success.</" +"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1870 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1882 msgid "" "Choosing not to spend time and energy restricting access to your work and " "policing infringement also builds goodwill. Lumen Learning, a for-profit " @@ -2484,23 +2492,23 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1887 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1900 msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 68." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1881 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1893 msgid "" "It is not just that restricting access to your work may undermine your " "social mission. It also may alienate the people who most value your creative " "work. If people like your work, their natural instinct will be to share it " -"with others. But as David Bollier wrote, “Our natural human impulses to " -"imitate and share—the essence of culture—have been " -"criminalized.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"with others. But as David Bollier wrote, <quote>Our natural human impulses " +"to imitate and share—the essence of culture—have been criminalized.</" +"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1891 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1904 msgid "" "The fact that copying can carry criminal penalties undoubtedly deters " "copying it, but copying with the click of a button is too easy and " @@ -2511,46 +2519,46 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1900 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1913 msgid "" "If you take some amount of copying and sharing your work as a given, you can " "invest your time and resources elsewhere, rather than wasting them on " "playing a cat and mouse game with people who want to copy and share your " -"work. Lizzy Jongma from the Rijksmuseum said, “We could spend a lot of money " -"trying to protect works, but people are going to do it anyway. And they will " -"use bad-quality versions.” Instead, they started releasing high-resolution " -"digital copies of their collection into the public domain and making them " -"available for free on their website. For them, sharing was a form of quality " -"control over the copies that were inevitably being shared online. Doing this " -"meant forgoing the revenue they previously got from selling digital images. " -"But Lizzy says that was a small price to pay for all of the opportunities " -"that sharing unlocked for them." +"work. Lizzy Jongma from the Rijksmuseum said, <quote>We could spend a lot of " +"money trying to protect works, but people are going to do it anyway. And " +"they will use bad-quality versions.</quote> Instead, they started releasing " +"high-resolution digital copies of their collection into the public domain " +"and making them available for free on their website. For them, sharing was a " +"form of quality control over the copies that were inevitably being shared " +"online. Doing this meant forgoing the revenue they previously got from " +"selling digital images. But Lizzy says that was a small price to pay for all " +"of the opportunities that sharing unlocked for them." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1920 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1933 msgid "Anderson, Free, 86." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1916 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1929 msgid "" "Being Made with Creative Commons means you stop thinking about ways to " "artificially make your content scarce, and instead leverage it as the " "potentially abundant resource it is.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/" "> When you see information abundance as a feature, not a bug, you start " "thinking about the ways to use the idling capacity of your content to your " -"advantage. As my friend and colleague Eric Steuer once said, “Using CC " -"licenses shows you get the Internet.”" +"advantage. As my friend and colleague Eric Steuer once said, <quote>Using CC " +"licenses shows you get the Internet.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1931 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1944 msgid "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 144." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1928 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1941 msgid "" "Cory Doctorow says it costs him nothing when other people make copies of his " "work, and it opens the possibility that he might get something in return." @@ -2564,19 +2572,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1941 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1954 msgid "" "There are all kinds of way to leverage the power of sharing and remix to " "your benefit. Here are a few." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1945 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1958 msgid "Use CC to grow a larger audience" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1947 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1960 msgid "" "Putting a Creative Commons license on your content won’t make it " "automatically go viral, but eliminating legal barriers to copying the work " @@ -2585,11 +2593,12 @@ msgid "" "the shoulder to those who come across the work—a nudge to copy the work if " "they have any inkling of doing so. All things being equal, if one piece of " "content has a sign that says Share and the other says Don’t Share (which is " -"what “©” means), which do you think people are more likely to share?" +"what <quote>©</quote> means), which do you think people are more likely to " +"share?" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1959 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1972 msgid "" "The Conversation is an online news site with in-depth articles written by " "academics who are experts on particular topics. All of the articles are CC-" @@ -2599,38 +2608,38 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1975 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1989 msgid "Anderson, Free, 123." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1968 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1981 msgid "" "The idea that more eyeballs equates with more success is a form of the max " "strategy, adopted by Google and other technology companies. According to " -"Google’s Eric Schmidt, the idea is simple: “Take whatever it is you are " -"doing and do it at the max in terms of distribution. The other way of saying " -"this is that since marginal cost of distribution is free, you might as well " -"put things everywhere.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> This " -"strategy is what often motivates companies to make their products and " -"services free (i.e., no cost), but the same logic applies to making content " -"freely shareable. Because CC-licensed content is free (as in cost) and can " -"be freely copied, CC licensing makes it even more accessible and likely to " -"spread." +"Google’s Eric Schmidt, the idea is simple: <quote>Take whatever it is you " +"are doing and do it at the max in terms of distribution. The other way of " +"saying this is that since marginal cost of distribution is free, you might " +"as well put things everywhere.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" +"\"0\"/> This strategy is what often motivates companies to make their " +"products and services free (i.e., no cost), but the same logic applies to " +"making content freely shareable. Because CC-licensed content is free (as in " +"cost) and can be freely copied, CC licensing makes it even more accessible " +"and likely to spread." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1989 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2003 msgid "Ibid., 132." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1994 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2008 msgid "Ibid., 70." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1984 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1998 msgid "" "If you are successful in reaching more users, readers, listeners, or other " "consumers of your work, you can start to benefit from the bandwagon effect. " @@ -2642,20 +2651,20 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1999 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2013 msgid "Use CC to get attribution and name recognition" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2013 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2027 msgid "" "James Surowiecki, The Wisdom of Crowds (New York: Anchor Books, 2005), 124. " -"Surowiecki says, “The measure of success of laws and contracts is how rarely " -"they are invoked.”" +"Surowiecki says, <quote>The measure of success of laws and contracts is how " +"rarely they are invoked.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2001 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2015 msgid "" "Every Creative Commons license requires that credit be given to the author, " "and that reusers supply a link back to the original source of the material. " @@ -2673,7 +2682,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2024 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2038 msgid "" "The fact that the name of the creator follows a CC-licensed work makes the " "licenses an important means to develop a reputation or, in corporate speak, " @@ -2688,7 +2697,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2038 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2052 msgid "" "Attribution can be about more than just receiving credit. It can also be " "about establishing provenance. People naturally want to know where content " @@ -2703,7 +2712,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2053 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2067 msgid "" "Knowing the source of a work is also critical to ensuring its credibility. " "Just as a trademark is designed to give consumers a way to identify the " @@ -2714,12 +2723,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2063 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2077 msgid "Use CC-licensed content as a marketing tool" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2065 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2079 msgid "" "As we will cover in more detail later, many endeavors that are Made with " "Creative Commons make money by providing a product or service other than the " @@ -2730,12 +2739,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2087 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2101 msgid "Anderson, Free, 44." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2074 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2088 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched’s Pinter told us she has seen time and again how " "offering CC-licensed content—that is, digitally for free—actually increases " @@ -2752,7 +2761,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2091 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2105 msgid "" "In some cases, endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons do not even " "need dedicated marketing teams or marketing budgets. Cards Against Humanity " @@ -2769,12 +2778,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2108 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2122 msgid "Use CC to enable hands-on engagement with your work" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2111 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2125 msgid "" "The great promise of Creative Commons licensing is that it signifies an " "embrace of remix culture. Indeed, this is the great promise of digital " @@ -2783,12 +2792,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2125 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2139 msgid "Osterwalder and Pigneur, Business Model Generation, 23." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2118 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2132 msgid "" "Four of the six CC licenses enable reusers to take apart, build upon, or " "otherwise adapt the work. Depending on the context, adaptation can mean " @@ -2802,37 +2811,37 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2138 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2152 msgid "Anderson, Free, 67." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2143 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2157 msgid "Ibid., 58." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2146 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2160 msgid "Anderson, Makers, 71." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2151 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2165 msgid "" "Clay Shirky, Cognitive Surplus: How Technology Makes Consumers into " "Collaborators (London: Penguin Books, 2010), 78." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2133 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2147 msgid "" "This is a way to counteract a potential downside of the abundance of free " -"and open content described above. As Anderson wrote in Free, “People often " -"don’t care as much about things they don’t pay for, and as a result they " -"don’t think as much about how they consume them.”<placeholder type=\"footnote" -"\" id=\"0\"/> If even the tiny act of volition of paying one penny for " -"something changes our perception of that thing, then surely the act of " -"remixing it enhances our perception exponentially.<placeholder type=" +"and open content described above. As Anderson wrote in Free, <quote>People " +"often don’t care as much about things they don’t pay for, and as a result " +"they don’t think as much about how they consume them.</quote><placeholder " +"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> If even the tiny act of volition of paying one " +"penny for something changes our perception of that thing, then surely the " +"act of remixing it enhances our perception exponentially.<placeholder type=" "\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> We know that people will pay more for products they " "had a part in creating.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"2\"/> And we know " "that creating something, no matter what quality, brings with it a type of " @@ -2841,34 +2850,34 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2164 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2178 msgid "Ibid., 21." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2157 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2171 msgid "" "Actively engaging with the content helps us avoid the type of aimless " "consumption that anyone who has absentmindedly scrolled through their social-" "media feeds for an hour knows all too well. In his book, Cognitive Surplus, " -"Clay Shirky says, “To participate is to act as if your presence matters, as " -"if, when you see something or hear something, your response is part of the " -"event.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Opening the door to your " -"content can get people more deeply tied to your work." +"Clay Shirky says, <quote>To participate is to act as if your presence " +"matters, as if, when you see something or hear something, your response is " +"part of the event.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Opening " +"the door to your content can get people more deeply tied to your work." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2170 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2184 msgid "Use CC to differentiate yourself" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2179 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2193 msgid "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 43." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2172 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2186 msgid "" "Operating under a traditional copyright regime usually means operating under " "the rules of establishment players in the media. Business strategies that " @@ -2879,25 +2888,26 @@ msgid "" "function without those barriers and, in many cases, use the increased " "openness as a competitive advantage. David Harris from OpenStax said they " "specifically pursue strategies they know that traditional publishers cannot. " -"“Don’t go into a market and play by the incumbent rules,” David said. " -"“Change the rules of engagement.”" +"<quote>Don’t go into a market and play by the incumbent rules,</quote> David " +"said. <quote>Change the rules of engagement.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2191 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2205 msgid "Making Money" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2201 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2215 msgid "" -"William Landes Foster, Peter Kim, and Barbara Christiansen, “Ten Nonprofit " -"Funding Models,” Stanford Social Innovation Review, Spring 2009, <ulink url=" -"\"http://ssir.org/articles/entry/ten_nonprofit_funding_models\"/>." +"William Landes Foster, Peter Kim, and Barbara Christiansen, <quote>Ten " +"Nonprofit Funding Models,</quote> Stanford Social Innovation Review, Spring " +"2009, <ulink url=\"http://ssir.org/articles/entry/" +"ten_nonprofit_funding_models\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2193 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2207 msgid "" "Like any moneymaking endeavor, those that are Made with Creative Commons " "have to generate some type of value for their audience or customers. " @@ -2915,24 +2925,24 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2222 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2236 msgid "Shirky, Cognitive Surplus, 111." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2214 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2228 msgid "" "Most who are Made with Creative Commons use a variety of methods to bring in " "revenue, some market-based and some not. One common strategy is using grant " "funding for content creation when research-and-development costs are " "particularly high, and then finding a different revenue stream (or streams) " -"for ongoing expenses. As Shirky wrote, “The trick is in knowing when markets " -"are an optimal way of organizing interactions and when they are " -"not.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"for ongoing expenses. As Shirky wrote, <quote>The trick is in knowing when " +"markets are an optimal way of organizing interactions and when they are not." +"</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2226 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2240 msgid "" "Our case studies explore in more detail the various revenue-generating " "mechanisms used by the creators, organizations, and businesses we " @@ -2943,24 +2953,24 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2235 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2249 msgid "Market-based revenue streams" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2240 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2254 msgid "Osterwalder and Pigneur, Business Model Generation, 30." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2247 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2261 msgid "" "Jim Whitehurst, The Open Organization: Igniting Passion and Performance " "(Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2015), 202." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2237 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2251 msgid "" "In the market, the central question when determining how to bring in revenue " "is what value people are willing to pay for.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " @@ -2972,12 +2982,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2263 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2277 msgid "Anderson, Free, 71." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2253 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2267 msgid "" "In many ways, this is the way of the future for all content-driven " "endeavors. In the market, value lives in things that are scarce. Because the " @@ -2989,31 +2999,32 @@ msgid "" "or not.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> If people can easily find " "your content for free, getting people to buy it will be difficult, " "particularly in a context where access to content is more important than " -"owning it. In Free, Anderson wrote, “Copyright protection schemes, whether " -"coded into either law or software, are simply holding up a price against the " -"force of gravity.”" +"owning it. In Free, Anderson wrote, <quote>Copyright protection schemes, " +"whether coded into either law or software, are simply holding up a price " +"against the force of gravity.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2282 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2296 msgid "Ibid., 231." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2272 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2286 msgid "" "Of course, this doesn’t mean that content-driven endeavors have no future in " "the traditional marketplace. In Free, Anderson explains how when one product " "or service becomes free, as information and content largely have in the " -"digital age, other things become more valuable. “Every abundance creates a " -"new scarcity,” he wrote. You just have to find some way other than the " -"content to provide value to your audience or customers. As Anderson says, " -"“It’s easy to compete with Free: simply offer something better or at least " -"different from the free version.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"digital age, other things become more valuable. <quote>Every abundance " +"creates a new scarcity,</quote> he wrote. You just have to find some way " +"other than the content to provide value to your audience or customers. As " +"Anderson says, <quote>It’s easy to compete with Free: simply offer something " +"better or at least different from the free version.</quote><placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2286 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2300 msgid "" "In light of this reality, in some ways endeavors that are Made with Creative " "Commons are at a level playing field with all content-based endeavors in the " @@ -3024,7 +3035,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2295 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2309 msgid "" "For content creators and distributors, there are nearly infinite ways to " "provide value to the consumers of your work, above and beyond the value that " @@ -3033,47 +3044,47 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2302 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2316 msgid "Here are the most common high-level categories." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2306 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2320 msgid "" "Providing a custom service to consumers of your work <emphasis>[MARKET-" "BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2316 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2330 msgid "Ibid., 97." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2309 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2323 msgid "" "In this age of information abundance, we don’t lack for content. The trick " "is finding content that matches our needs and wants, so customized services " -"are particularly valuable. As Anderson wrote, “Commodity information " +"are particularly valuable. As Anderson wrote, <quote>Commodity information " "(everybody gets the same version) wants to be free. Customized information " -"(you get something unique and meaningful to you) wants to be " -"expensive.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> This can be anything " -"from the artistic and cultural consulting services provided by Ártica to the " -"custom-song business of Jonathan “Song-A-Day” Mann." +"(you get something unique and meaningful to you) wants to be expensive.</" +"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> This can be anything from " +"the artistic and cultural consulting services provided by Ártica to the " +"custom-song business of Jonathan <quote>Song-A-Day</quote> Mann." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2323 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2338 msgid "Charging for the physical copy <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2330 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2345 msgid "Anderson, Makers, 107." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2326 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2341 msgid "" "In his book about maker culture, Anderson characterizes this model as giving " "away the bits and selling the atoms (where bits refers to digital content " @@ -3097,12 +3108,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2354 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2369 msgid "Charging for the in-person version <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2357 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2372 msgid "" "As anyone who has ever gone to a concert will tell you, experiencing " "creativity in person is a completely different experience from consuming a " @@ -3113,12 +3124,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2368 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2383 msgid "Selling merchandise <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2371 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2386 msgid "" "In many cases, people who like your work will pay for products demonstrating " "a connection to your work. As a child of the 1980s, I can personally attest " @@ -3127,12 +3138,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2388 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2403 msgid "Osterwalder and Pigneur, Business Model Generation, 89." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2378 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2393 msgid "" "Sometimes the way to find a market-based revenue stream is by providing " "value to people other than those who consume your CC-licensed content. In " @@ -3148,22 +3159,22 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2395 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2410 msgid "Charging advertisers or sponsors <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2403 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2418 msgid "Ibid., 92." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2407 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2422 msgid "Anderson, Free, 142." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2398 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2413 msgid "" "The traditional model of subsidizing free content is advertising. In this " "version of multi-sided platforms, advertisers pay for the opportunity to " @@ -3179,36 +3190,36 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2416 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2431 msgid "Charging your content creators <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2419 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2434 msgid "" "Another type of multisided platform is where the content creators themselves " "pay to be featured on the platform. Obviously, this revenue stream is only " "available to those who rely on work created, at least in part, by others. " -"The most well-known version of this model is the “author-processing charge” " -"of open-access journals like those published by the Public Library of " -"Science, but there are other variations. The Conversation is primarily " -"funded by a university-membership model, where universities pay to have " -"their faculties participate as writers of the content on the Conversation " -"website." +"The most well-known version of this model is the <quote>author-processing " +"charge</quote> of open-access journals like those published by the Public " +"Library of Science, but there are other variations. The Conversation is " +"primarily funded by a university-membership model, where universities pay to " +"have their faculties participate as writers of the content on the " +"Conversation website." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2433 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2448 msgid "Charging a transaction fee <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2438 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2453 msgid "Osterwalder and Pigneur, Business Model Generation, 32." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2436 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2451 msgid "" "This is a version of a traditional business model based on brokering " "transactions between parties.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> " @@ -3222,13 +3233,13 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2450 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2465 msgid "" "Providing a service to your creators <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2453 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2468 msgid "" "As mentioned above, endeavors can make money by providing customized " "services to their users. Platforms can undertake a variation of this service " @@ -3239,12 +3250,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2463 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2478 msgid "Licensing a trademark <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2466 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2481 msgid "" "Finally, some that are Made with Creative Commons make money by selling use " "of their trademarks. Well known brands that consumers associate with " @@ -3257,12 +3268,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2478 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2493 msgid "Reciprocity-based revenue streams" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2480 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2495 msgid "" "Even if we set aside grant funding, we found that the traditional economic " "framework of understanding the market failed to fully capture the ways the " @@ -3271,7 +3282,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2487 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2502 msgid "" "Rather than devising a scheme to get people to pay money in exchange for " "some direct value provided to them, many of the revenue streams were more " @@ -3280,32 +3291,32 @@ msgid "" "like traditional nonprofit funding models, they aren’t charity. The endeavor " "exchange value with people, just not necessarily synchronously or in a way " "that requires that those values be equal. As David Bollier wrote in Think " -"Like a Commoner, “There is no self-serving calculation of whether the value " -"given and received is strictly equal.”" +"Like a Commoner, <quote>There is no self-serving calculation of whether the " +"value given and received is strictly equal.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2500 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2515 msgid "" "This should be a familiar dynamic—it is the way you deal with your friends " "and family. We give without regard for what and when we will get back. David " -"Bollier wrote, “Reciprocal social exchange lies at the heart of human " +"Bollier wrote, <quote>Reciprocal social exchange lies at the heart of human " "identity, community and culture. It is a vital brain function that helps the " -"human species survive and evolve.”" +"human species survive and evolve.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2510 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2525 msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 150." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2514 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2529 msgid "Ibid., 134." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2508 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2523 msgid "" "What is rare is to incorporate this sort of relationship into an endeavor " "that also engages with the market.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> " @@ -3315,13 +3326,13 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2519 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2534 msgid "" "Memberships and individual donations <emphasis>[RECIPROCITY-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2522 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2537 msgid "" "While memberships and donations are traditional nonprofit funding models, in " "the Made with Creative Commons context, they are directly tied to the " @@ -3336,30 +3347,30 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2538 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2553 msgid "The pay-what-you-want model <emphasis>[RECIPROCITY-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2541 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2556 msgid "" "In the pay-what-you-want model, the beneficiary of Creative Commons content " "is invited to give—at any amount they can and feel is appropriate, based on " "the public and personal value they feel is generated by the open content. " -"Critically, these models are not touted as “buying” something free. They are " -"similar to a tip jar. People make financial contributions as an act of " -"gratitude. These models capitalize on the fact that we are naturally " -"inclined to give money for things we value in the marketplace, even in " -"situations where we could find a way to get it for free." +"Critically, these models are not touted as <quote>buying</quote> something " +"free. They are similar to a tip jar. People make financial contributions as " +"an act of gratitude. These models capitalize on the fact that we are " +"naturally inclined to give money for things we value in the marketplace, " +"even in situations where we could find a way to get it for free." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2554 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2569 msgid "Crowdfunding <emphasis>[RECIPROCITY-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2557 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2572 msgid "" "Crowdfunding models are based on recouping the costs of creating and " "distributing content before the content is created. If the endeavor is Made " @@ -3369,15 +3380,15 @@ msgid "" "They have to want you to succeed. Amanda Palmer credits the success of her " "crowdfunding on Kickstarter and Patreon to the years she spent building her " "community and creating a connection with her fans. She wrote in The Art of " -"Asking, “Good art is made, good art is shared, help is offered, ears are " -"bent, emotions are exchanged, the compost of real, deep connection is " +"Asking, <quote>Good art is made, good art is shared, help is offered, ears " +"are bent, emotions are exchanged, the compost of real, deep connection is " "sprayed all over the fields. Then one day, the artist steps up and asks for " "something. And if the ground has been fertilized enough, the audience says, " -"without hesitation: of course.”" +"without hesitation: of course.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2575 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2590 msgid "" "Other types of crowdfunding rely on a sense of responsibility that a " "particular community may feel. Knowledge Unlatched pools funds from major U." @@ -3388,39 +3399,40 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2586 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2601 msgid "Making Human Connections" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2588 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2603 msgid "" "Regardless of how they made money, in our interviews, we repeatedly heard " -"language like “persuading people to buy” and “inviting people to pay.” We " -"heard it even in connection with revenue streams that sit squarely within " -"the market. Cory Doctorow told us, “I have to convince my readers that the " -"right thing to do is to pay me.” The founders of the for-profit company " -"Lumen Learning showed us the letter they send to those who opt not to pay " -"for the services they provide in connection with their CC-licensed " -"educational content. It isn’t a cease-and-desist letter; it’s an invitation " -"to pay because it’s the right thing to do. This sort of behavior toward what " -"could be considered nonpaying customers is largely unheard of in the " -"traditional marketplace. But it seems to be part of the fabric of being Made " -"with Creative Commons." +"language like <quote>persuading people to buy</quote> and <quote>inviting " +"people to pay.</quote> We heard it even in connection with revenue streams " +"that sit squarely within the market. Cory Doctorow told us, <quote>I have to " +"convince my readers that the right thing to do is to pay me.</quote> The " +"founders of the for-profit company Lumen Learning showed us the letter they " +"send to those who opt not to pay for the services they provide in connection " +"with their CC-licensed educational content. It isn’t a cease-and-desist " +"letter; it’s an invitation to pay because it’s the right thing to do. This " +"sort of behavior toward what could be considered nonpaying customers is " +"largely unheard of in the traditional marketplace. But it seems to be part " +"of the fabric of being Made with Creative Commons." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2604 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2620 msgid "" "Nearly every endeavor we profiled relied, at least in part, on people being " "invested in what they do. The closer the Creative Commons content is to " -"being “the product,” the more pronounced this dynamic has to be. Rather than " -"simply selling a product or service, they are making ideological, personal, " -"and creative connections with the people who value what they do." +"being <quote>the product,</quote> the more pronounced this dynamic has to " +"be. Rather than simply selling a product or service, they are making " +"ideological, personal, and creative connections with the people who value " +"what they do." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2612 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2628 msgid "" "It took me a very long time to see how this avoidance of thinking about what " "they do in pure market terms was deeply tied to being Made with Creative " @@ -3428,7 +3440,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2617 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2633 msgid "" "I came to the research with preconceived notions about what Creative Commons " "is and what it means to be Made with Creative Commons. It turned out I was " @@ -3436,7 +3448,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2622 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2638 msgid "" "Obviously, being Made with Creative Commons means using Creative Commons " "licenses. That much I knew. But in our interviews, people spoke of so much " @@ -3449,7 +3461,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2633 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2649 msgid "" "Being Made with Creative Commons is not just about the simple act of " "licensing a copyrighted work under a set of standardized terms, but also " @@ -3464,7 +3476,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2647 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2663 msgid "" "The rest of this section will explore some of the common strategies that " "creators, companies, and organizations use to remind us that there are " @@ -3473,19 +3485,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2654 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2670 msgid "Be human" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2658 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2674 msgid "" "Dan Ariely, Predictably Irrational: The Hidden Forces That Shape Our " "Decisions, rev. ed. (New York: Harper Perennial, 2010), 109." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2656 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2672 msgid "" "Humans are social animals, which means we are naturally inclined to treat " "each other well.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> But the further " @@ -3496,100 +3508,101 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2682 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2698 msgid "" "Austin Kleon, Show Your Work: 10 Ways to Share Your Creativity and Get " "Discovered (New York: Workman, 2014), 93." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2669 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2685 msgid "" "To counteract the anonymous and impersonal tendencies of how we operate " "online, individual creators and corporations who use Creative Commons " "licenses work to demonstrate their humanity. For some, this means pouring " "their lives out on the page. For others, it means showing their creative " "process, giving a glimpse into how they do what they do. As writer Austin " -"Kleon wrote, “Our work doesn’t speak for itself. Human beings want to know " -"where things came from, how they were made, and who made them. The stories " -"you tell about the work you do have a huge effect on how people feel and " -"what they understand about your work, and how people feel and what they " -"understand about your work affects how they value it.”<placeholder type=" -"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"Kleon wrote, <quote>Our work doesn’t speak for itself. Human beings want to " +"know where things came from, how they were made, and who made them. The " +"stories you tell about the work you do have a huge effect on how people feel " +"and what they understand about your work, and how people feel and what they " +"understand about your work affects how they value it.</quote><placeholder " +"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2688 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2704 msgid "" "A critical component to doing this effectively is not worrying about being a " -"“brand.” That means not being afraid to be vulnerable. Amanda Palmer says, " -"“When you’re afraid of someone’s judgment, you can’t connect with them. " -"You’re too preoccupied with the task of impressing them.” Not everyone is " -"suited to live life as an open book like Palmer, and that’s OK. There are a " -"lot of ways to be human. The trick is just avoiding pretense and the " -"temptation to artificially craft an image. People don’t just want the glossy " -"version of you. They can’t relate to it, at least not in a meaningful way." +"<quote>brand.</quote> That means not being afraid to be vulnerable. Amanda " +"Palmer says, <quote>When you’re afraid of someone’s judgment, you can’t " +"connect with them. You’re too preoccupied with the task of impressing them.</" +"quote> Not everyone is suited to live life as an open book like Palmer, and " +"that’s OK. There are a lot of ways to be human. The trick is just avoiding " +"pretense and the temptation to artificially craft an image. People don’t " +"just want the glossy version of you. They can’t relate to it, at least not " +"in a meaningful way." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2708 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2725 msgid "Kramer, Shareology, 76." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2700 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2717 msgid "" "This advice is probably even more important for businesses and organizations " "because we instinctively conceive of them as nonhuman (though in the United " "States, corporations are people!). When corporations and organizations make " "the people behind them more apparent, it reminds people that they are " "dealing with something other than an anonymous corporate entity. In business-" -"speak, this is about “humanizing your interactions” with the public." -"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> But it can’t be a gimmick. You " -"can’t fake being human." +"speak, this is about <quote>humanizing your interactions</quote> with the " +"public.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> But it can’t be a gimmick. " +"You can’t fake being human." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2714 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2731 msgid "Be open and accountable" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2723 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2740 msgid "Palmer, Art of Asking, 252." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2728 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2745 msgid "Whitehurst, Open Organization, 145." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2716 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2733 msgid "" "Transparency helps people understand who you are and why you do what you do, " "but it also inspires trust. Max Temkin of Cards Against Humanity told us, " -"“One of the most surprising things you can do in capitalism is just be " -"honest with people.” That means sharing the good and the bad. As Amanda " -"Palmer wrote, “You can fix almost anything by authentically " -"communicating.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> It isn’t about " -"trying to satisfy everyone or trying to sugarcoat mistakes or bad news, but " -"instead about explaining your rationale and then being prepared to defend it " -"when people are critical.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" +"<quote>One of the most surprising things you can do in capitalism is just be " +"honest with people.</quote> That means sharing the good and the bad. As " +"Amanda Palmer wrote, <quote>You can fix almost anything by authentically " +"communicating.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> It isn’t " +"about trying to satisfy everyone or trying to sugarcoat mistakes or bad " +"news, but instead about explaining your rationale and then being prepared to " +"defend it when people are critical.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2737 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2754 msgid "Surowiecki, Wisdom of Crowds, 203." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2744 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2761 msgid "Whitehurst, Open Organization, 80." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2732 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2749 msgid "" "Being accountable does not mean operating on consensus. According to James " "Surowiecki, consensus-driven groups tend to resort to lowest-common-" @@ -3606,22 +3619,22 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2752 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2769 msgid "Design for the good actors" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2756 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2773 msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 25." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2761 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2778 msgid "Ibid., 31." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2754 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2771 msgid "" "Traditional economics assumes people make decisions based solely on their " "own economic self-interest.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Any " @@ -3630,82 +3643,82 @@ msgid "" "In fact, we are hardwired to work together and ensure fairness.<placeholder " "type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> Being Made with Creative Commons requires an " "assumption that people will largely act on those social motivations, " -"motivations that would be considered “irrational” in an economic sense. As " -"Knowledge Unlatched’s Pinter told us, “It is best to ignore people who try " -"to scare you about free riding. That fear is based on a very shallow view of " -"what motivates human behavior.” There will always be people who will act in " -"purely selfish ways, but endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons " -"design for the good actors." +"motivations that would be considered <quote>irrational</quote> in an " +"economic sense. As Knowledge Unlatched’s Pinter told us, <quote>It is best " +"to ignore people who try to scare you about free riding. That fear is based " +"on a very shallow view of what motivates human behavior.</quote> There will " +"always be people who will act in purely selfish ways, but endeavors that are " +"Made with Creative Commons design for the good actors." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2779 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2797 msgid "Shirky, Cognitive Surplus, 112." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2773 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2791 msgid "" "The assumption that people will largely do the right thing can be a self-" -"fulfilling prophecy. Shirky wrote in Cognitive Surplus, “Systems that assume " -"people will act in ways that create public goods, and that give them " +"fulfilling prophecy. Shirky wrote in Cognitive Surplus, <quote>Systems that " +"assume people will act in ways that create public goods, and that give them " "opportunities and rewards for doing so, often let them work together better " -"than neoclassical economics would predict.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" -"\"0\"/> When we acknowledge that people are often motivated by something " -"other than financial self-interest, we design our endeavors in ways that " -"encourage and accentuate our social instincts." +"than neoclassical economics would predict.</quote><placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> When we acknowledge that people are often motivated " +"by something other than financial self-interest, we design our endeavors in " +"ways that encourage and accentuate our social instincts." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2796 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2815 msgid "Surowiecki, Wisdom of Crowds, 124." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2786 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2804 msgid "" "Rather than trying to exert control over people’s behavior, this mode of " "operating requires a certain level of trust. We might not realize it, but " "our daily lives are already built on trust. As Surowiecki wrote in The " -"Wisdom of Crowds, “It’s impossible for a society to rely on law alone to " -"make sure citizens act honestly and responsibly. And it’s impossible for any " -"organization to rely on contracts alone to make sure that its managers and " -"workers live up to their obligation.” Instead, we largely trust that people—" -"mostly strangers—will do what they are supposed to do.<placeholder type=" -"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> And most often, they do." +"Wisdom of Crowds, <quote>It’s impossible for a society to rely on law alone " +"to make sure citizens act honestly and responsibly. And it’s impossible for " +"any organization to rely on contracts alone to make sure that its managers " +"and workers live up to their obligation.</quote> Instead, we largely trust " +"that people—mostly strangers—will do what they are supposed to do." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> And most often, they do." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2801 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2820 msgid "Treat humans like, well, humans" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2806 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2825 msgid "Kleon, Show Your Work, 127." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2814 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2833 msgid "Palmer, Art of Asking, 121." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2803 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2822 msgid "" "For creators, treating people as humans means not treating them like fans. " -"As Kleon says, “If you want fans, you have to be a fan first.”<placeholder " -"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Even if you happen to be one of the few to " -"reach celebrity levels of fame, you are better off remembering that the " -"people who follow your work are human, too. Cory Doctorow makes a point to " -"answer every single email someone sends him. Amanda Palmer spends vast " -"quantities of time going online to communicate with her public, making a " -"point to listen just as much as she talks.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" -"\"1\"/>" +"As Kleon says, <quote>If you want fans, you have to be a fan first.</" +"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Even if you happen to be one " +"of the few to reach celebrity levels of fame, you are better off remembering " +"that the people who follow your work are human, too. Cory Doctorow makes a " +"point to answer every single email someone sends him. Amanda Palmer spends " +"vast quantities of time going online to communicate with her public, making " +"a point to listen just as much as she talks.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " +"id=\"1\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2818 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2837 msgid "" "The same idea goes for businesses and organizations. Rather than automating " "its customer service, the music platform Tribe of Noise makes a point to " @@ -3713,17 +3726,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2829 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2848 msgid "Ariely, Predictably Irrational, 87." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2839 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2858 msgid "Ibid., 105." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2824 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2843 msgid "" "When we treat people like humans, they typically return the gift in kind. " "It’s called karma. But social relationships are fragile. It is all too easy " @@ -3739,12 +3752,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2844 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2863 msgid "State your principles and stick to them" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2846 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2865 msgid "" "Being Made with Creative Commons makes a statement about who you are and " "what you do. The symbolism is powerful. Using Creative Commons licenses " @@ -3757,7 +3770,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2858 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2877 msgid "" "The expression of your values doesn’t have to be implicit. In fact, many of " "the people we interviewed talked about how important it is to state your " @@ -3770,12 +3783,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2873 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2892 msgid "Ibid., 36." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2869 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2888 msgid "" "When your end goal is not about making a profit, people trust that you " "aren’t just trying to extract value for your own gain. People notice when " @@ -3785,19 +3798,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2879 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2898 msgid "Build a community" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2887 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2906 msgid "" "Jono Bacon, The Art of Community, 2nd ed. (Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, " "2012), 36." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2881 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2900 msgid "" "Endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons thrive when community is built " "around what they do. This may mean a community collaborating together to " @@ -3810,109 +3823,112 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2903 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2922 msgid "Palmer, Art of Asking, 98." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2910 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2929 msgid "Whitehurst, Open Organization, 34." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2895 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2914 msgid "" "To be sustainable, though, you have to work to nurture community. People " "have to care—about you and each other. One critical piece to this is " "fostering a sense of belonging. As Jono Bacon writes in The Art of " -"Community, “If there is no belonging, there is no community.” For Amanda " -"Palmer and her band, that meant creating an accepting and inclusive " -"environment where people felt a part of their “weird little " -"family.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> For organizations like Red " -"Hat, that means connecting around common beliefs or goals. As the CEO Jim " -"Whitehurst wrote in The Open Organization, “Tapping into passion is " -"especially important in building the kinds of participative communities that " -"drive open organizations.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" +"Community, <quote>If there is no belonging, there is no community.</quote> " +"For Amanda Palmer and her band, that meant creating an accepting and " +"inclusive environment where people felt a part of their <quote>weird little " +"family.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> For organizations " +"like Red Hat, that means connecting around common beliefs or goals. As the " +"CEO Jim Whitehurst wrote in The Open Organization, <quote>Tapping into " +"passion is especially important in building the kinds of participative " +"communities that drive open organizations.</quote><placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2922 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2941 msgid "Surowiecki, Wisdom of Crowds, 200." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2926 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2945 msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 29." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2914 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2933 msgid "" "Communities that collaborate together take deliberate planning. Surowiecki " -"wrote, “It takes a lot of work to put the group together. It’s difficult to " -"ensure that people are working in the group’s interest and not in their own. " -"And when there’s a lack of trust between the members of the group (which " -"isn’t surprising given that they don’t really know each other), considerable " -"energy is wasted trying to determine each other’s bona fides.”<placeholder " -"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Building true community requires giving people " -"within the community the power to create or influence the rules that govern " -"the community.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> If the rules are " -"created and imposed in a top-down manner, people feel like they don’t have a " -"voice, which in turn leads to disengagement." +"wrote, <quote>It takes a lot of work to put the group together. It’s " +"difficult to ensure that people are working in the group’s interest and not " +"in their own. And when there’s a lack of trust between the members of the " +"group (which isn’t surprising given that they don’t really know each other), " +"considerable energy is wasted trying to determine each other’s bona fides.</" +"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Building true community " +"requires giving people within the community the power to create or influence " +"the rules that govern the community.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/" +"> If the rules are created and imposed in a top-down manner, people feel " +"like they don’t have a voice, which in turn leads to disengagement." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2932 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2951 msgid "" "Community takes work, but working together, or even simply being connected " "around common interests or values, is in many ways what sharing is about." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2938 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2957 msgid "Give more to the commons than you take" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2949 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2968 msgid "" -"Giana Eckhardt and Fleura Bardhi, “The Sharing Economy Isn’t about Sharing " -"at All,” Harvard Business Review (website), January 28, 2015, <ulink url=" -"\"http://hbr.org/2015/01/the-sharing-economy-isnt-about-sharing-at-all\"/>." +"Giana Eckhardt and Fleura Bardhi, <quote>The Sharing Economy Isn’t about " +"Sharing at All,</quote> Harvard Business Review (website), January 28, 2015, " +"<ulink url=\"http://hbr.org/2015/01/the-sharing-economy-isnt-about-sharing-" +"at-all\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2957 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2976 msgid "" "Lisa Gansky, The Mesh: Why the Future of Business Is Sharing, reprint with " "new epilogue (New York: Portfolio, 2012)." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2940 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2959 msgid "" "Conventional wisdom in the marketplace dictates that people should try to " "extract as much money as possible from resources. This is essentially what " "defines so much of the so-called sharing economy. In an article on the " -"Harvard Business Review website called “The Sharing Economy Isn’t about " -"Sharing at All,” authors Giana Eckhardt and Fleura Bardhi explained how the " -"anonymous market-driven trans-actions in most sharing-economy businesses are " -"purely about monetizing access.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> As " -"Lisa Gansky put it in her book The Mesh, the primary strategy of the sharing " -"economy is to sell the same product multiple times, by selling access rather " -"than ownership.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> That is not sharing." +"Harvard Business Review website called <quote>The Sharing Economy Isn’t " +"about Sharing at All,</quote> authors Giana Eckhardt and Fleura Bardhi " +"explained how the anonymous market-driven trans-actions in most sharing-" +"economy businesses are purely about monetizing access.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> As Lisa Gansky put it in her book The Mesh, the " +"primary strategy of the sharing economy is to sell the same product multiple " +"times, by selling access rather than ownership.<placeholder type=\"footnote" +"\" id=\"1\"/> That is not sharing." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2973 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2992 msgid "" -"David Lee, “Inside Medium: An Attempt to Bring Civility to the Internet,” " -"BBC News, March 3, 2016, <ulink url=\"http://www.bbc.com/news/" -"technology-35709680\"/>." +"David Lee, <quote>Inside Medium: An Attempt to Bring Civility to the " +"Internet,</quote> BBC News, March 3, 2016, <ulink url=\"http://www.bbc.com/" +"news/technology-35709680\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2963 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2982 msgid "" "Sharing requires adding as much or more value to the ecosystem than you " "take. You can’t simply treat open content as a free pool of resources from " @@ -3928,7 +3944,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2982 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3001 msgid "" "In all cases, it is important to openly acknowledge the amount of value you " "add versus that which you draw on that was created by others. Being " @@ -3940,28 +3956,28 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2993 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3012 msgid "Involve people in what you do" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2998 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3017 msgid "Anderson, Makers, 148." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3002 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3021 msgid "Shirky, Cognitive Surplus, 164." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3009 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3073 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3028 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3092 msgid "Whitehurst, foreword to Open Organization." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2995 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3014 msgid "" "Thanks to the Internet, we can tap into the talents and expertise of people " "around the globe. Chris Anderson calls it the Long Tail of talent." @@ -3977,12 +3993,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3022 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3041 msgid "Shirky, Cognitive Surplus, 144." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3013 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3032 msgid "" "As the success of Wikipedia demonstrates, editing an online encyclopedia is " "exactly the sort of activity that is perfect for massive co-creation because " @@ -3994,25 +4010,25 @@ msgid "" "\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3034 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><quote><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3053 msgid "Ibid., 154." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3046 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3065 msgid "Palmer, Art of Asking, 163." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3026 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3045 msgid "" "It is easy to romanticize the opportunities for global cocreation made " "possible by the Internet, and, indeed, the successful examples of it are " "truly incredible and inspiring. But in a wide range of circumstances—" "perhaps more often than not—community cocreation is not part of the " "equation, even within endeavors built on CC content. Shirky wrote, " -"“Sometimes the value of professional work trumps the value of amateur " +"<quote>Sometimes the value of professional work trumps the value of amateur " "sharing or a feeling of belonging.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> " "The textbook publisher OpenStax, which distributes all of its material for " "free under CC licensing, is an example of this dynamic. Rather than tapping " @@ -4022,45 +4038,46 @@ msgid "" "community cocreation is only rarely a part of the picture. Even musician " "Amanda Palmer, who is famous for her openness and involvement with her fans, " "said, “The only department where I wasn’t open to input was the writing, the " -"music itself.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" +"music itself.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3057 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3076 msgid "Anderson, Makers, 173." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3064 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3083 msgid "" "Tom Kelley and David Kelley, Creative Confidence: Unleashing the Potential " "within Us All (New York: Crown, 2013), 82." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3050 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3069 msgid "" "While we tend to immediately think of cocreation and remixing when we hear " "the word collaboration, you can also involve others in your creative process " "in more informal ways, by sharing half-baked ideas and early drafts, and " "interacting with the public to incubate ideas and get feedback. So-called " -"“making in public” opens the door to letting people feel more invested in " -"your creative work.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> And it shows a " -"nonterritorial approach to ideas and information. Stephen Covey (of The 7 " -"Habits of Highly Effective People fame) calls this the abundance mentality—" -"treating ideas like something plentiful—and it can create an environment " -"where collaboration flourishes.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" +"<quote>making in public</quote> opens the door to letting people feel more " +"invested in your creative work.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> And " +"it shows a nonterritorial approach to ideas and information. Stephen Covey " +"(of The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People fame) calls this the abundance " +"mentality—treating ideas like something plentiful—and it can create an " +"environment where collaboration flourishes.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" +"\"1\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3081 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3100 msgid "" "Rachel Botsman and Roo Rogers, What’s Mine Is Yours: The Rise of " "Collaborative Consumption (New York: Harper Business, 2010), 188." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3070 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3089 msgid "" "There is no one way to involve people in what you do. They key is finding a " "way for people to contribute on their terms, compelled by their own " @@ -4074,14 +4091,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3090 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3109 #, fuzzy #| msgid "Made With Creative Commons" msgid "The Creative Commons Licenses" msgstr "Зроблено з Creative Commons" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3092 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3111 msgid "" "All of the Creative Commons licenses grant a basic set of permissions. At a " "minimum, a CC- licensed work can be copied and shared in its original form " @@ -4096,17 +4113,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3106 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3125 msgid "Here are the six licenses:" msgstr "" -#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><informalfigure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3111 +#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3130 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001930000008D83BF99FC0821C489.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3119 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3128 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3142 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3158 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3170 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3183 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3196 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3216 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3228 +msgid "<placeholder type=\"inlinemediaobject\" id=\"0\"/>" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3135 msgid "" "The Attribution license (CC BY) lets others distribute, remix, tweak, and " "build upon your work, even commercially, as long as they credit you for the " @@ -4114,42 +4143,42 @@ msgid "" "Recommended for maximum dissemination and use of licensed materials." msgstr "" -#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><informalfigure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3128 +#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3144 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001930000008DFD3592CB17C4EC38.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3136 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3149 msgid "" "The Attribution-Share-Alike license (CC BY-SA) lets others remix, tweak, and " "build upon your work, even for commercial purposes, as long as they credit " "you and license their new creations under identical terms. This license is " -"often compared to “copyleft” free and open source software licenses. All new " -"works based on yours will carry the same license, so any derivatives will " -"also allow commercial use." +"often compared to <quote>copyleft</quote> free and open source software " +"licenses. All new works based on yours will carry the same license, so any " +"derivatives will also allow commercial use." msgstr "" -#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><informalfigure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3147 +#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3160 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001930000008D254882DE24793FEA.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3155 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3165 msgid "" "The Attribution-NoDerivs license (CC BY-ND) allows for redistribution, " "commercial and noncommercial, as long as it is passed along unchanged with " "credit to you." msgstr "" -#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><informalfigure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3162 +#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3172 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001930000008DCAF78FB61D1CBDA6.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3170 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3177 msgid "" "The Attribution-NonCommercial license (CC BY-NC) lets others remix, tweak, " "and build upon your work noncommercially. Although their new works must also " @@ -4157,26 +4186,26 @@ msgid "" "same terms." msgstr "" -#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><informalfigure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3178 +#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3185 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001930000008D16DA603376395620.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3186 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3190 msgid "" "The Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license (CC BY-NC-SA) lets others " "remix, tweak, and build upon your work noncommercially, as long as they " "credit you and license their new creations under the same terms." msgstr "" -#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><informalfigure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3194 +#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3198 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001930000008DC3FEF92B21310965.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3202 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3203 msgid "" "The Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs license (CC BY-NC-ND) is the most " "restrictive of our six main licenses, only allowing others to download your " @@ -4185,39 +4214,39 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3209 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3210 msgid "" "In addition to these six licenses, Creative Commons has two public-domain " "tools—one for creators and the other for those who manage collections of " "existing works by authors whose terms of copyright have expired:" msgstr "" -#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><informalfigure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3217 +#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3218 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001900000008DBE3414994CD27786.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3225 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3223 msgid "" "CC0 enables authors and copyright owners to dedicate their works to the " -"worldwide public domain (“no rights reserved”)." +"worldwide public domain (<quote>no rights reserved</quote>)." msgstr "" -#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><informalfigure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3231 +#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3230 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001900000008D36DCD649C5B1411F.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3239 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3235 msgid "" "The Creative Commons Public Domain Mark facilitates the labeling and " "discovery of works that are already free of known copyright restrictions." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3244 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3240 msgid "" "In our case studies, some use just one Creative Commons license, others use " "several. Attribution (found in thirteen case studies) and Attribution-" @@ -4230,7 +4259,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3255 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3251 msgid "" "There is a popular misconception that the three NonCommercial licenses " "offered by CC are the only options for those who want to make money off " @@ -4245,7 +4274,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3269 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3265 msgid "" "The decision to choose a NonCommercial and/or NoDerivs license comes down to " "how much you need to retain control over the creative work. The " @@ -4260,7 +4289,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3282 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3278 msgid "" "Other times the decision to use a more restrictive license is due to a " "concern about the integrity of the work. For example, the nonprofit " @@ -4269,7 +4298,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3289 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3285 msgid "" "There is no one right way. The NonCommercial and NoDerivs restrictions " "reflect the values and preferences of creators about how their creative work " @@ -4283,25 +4312,26 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3301 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3297 msgid "Note" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3304 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3300 msgid "" "For more about the licenses including examples and tips on sharing your work " -"in the digital commons, start with the Creative Commons page called “Share " -"Your Work” at <ulink url=\"http://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/\"/>." +"in the digital commons, start with the Creative Commons page called " +"<quote>Share Your Work</quote> at <ulink url=\"http://creativecommons.org/" +"share-your-work/\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3312 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3308 msgid "The Case Studies" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3315 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3311 msgid "" "The twenty-four case studies in this section were chosen from hundreds of " "nominations received from Kickstarter backers, Creative Commons staff, and " @@ -4313,7 +4343,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3325 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3321 msgid "" "We did background research and conducted interviews for each case study, " "based on the same set of basic questions about the endeavor. The idea for " @@ -4323,24 +4353,24 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3333 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3329 msgid "Arduino" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3336 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3332 msgid "" "Arduino is a for-profit open-source electronics platform and computer " "hardware and software company. Founded in 2005 in Italy." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3341 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3337 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.arduino.cc\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3343 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3339 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for physical " "copies (sales of boards, modules, shields, and kits), licensing a trademark " @@ -4348,38 +4378,38 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3348 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4189 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3344 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4195 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 4, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3351 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3347 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: David Cuartielles and Tom " "Igoe, cofounders" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3355 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4196 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4627 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4868 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5149 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5458 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5968 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6221 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6542 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6893 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7433 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7717 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8181 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8957 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3351 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4202 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4638 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4880 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5162 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5472 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5985 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6239 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6561 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6913 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7457 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7741 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8211 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8992 msgid "Profile written by Paul Stacey" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3359 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3355 msgid "" "In 2005, at the Interaction Design Institute Ivrea in northern Italy, " "teachers and students needed an easy way to use electronics and programming " @@ -4395,7 +4425,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3373 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3369 msgid "" "Arduino boards are able to read inputs—light on a sensor, a finger on a " "button, or a Twitter message—and turn it into outputs—activating a motor, " @@ -4406,29 +4436,30 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3383 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3378 msgid "" -"“The reasons for making Arduino open source are complicated,” Tom says. " -"Partly it was about supporting flexibility. The open-source nature of " -"Arduino empowers users to modify it and create a lot of different " -"variations, adding on top of what the founders build. David says this " -"“ended up strengthening the platform far beyond what we had even thought of " -"building.”" +"<quote>The reasons for making Arduino open source are complicated,</quote> " +"Tom says. Partly it was about supporting flexibility. The open-source nature " +"of Arduino empowers users to modify it and create a lot of different " +"variations, adding on top of what the founders build. David says this " +"<quote>ended up strengthening the platform far beyond what we had even " +"thought of building.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3391 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3387 msgid "" "For Tom another factor was the impending closure of the Ivrea design school. " "He’d seen other organizations close their doors and all their work and " "research just disappear. Open-sourcing ensured that Arduino would outlive " "the Ivrea closure. Persistence is one thing Tom really likes about open " "source. If key people leave, or a company shuts down, an open-source product " -"lives on. In Tom’s view, “Open sourcing makes it easier to trust a product.”" +"lives on. In Tom’s view, <quote>Open sourcing makes it easier to trust a " +"product.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3400 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3397 msgid "" "With the school closing, David and some of the other Arduino founders " "started a consulting firm and multidisciplinary design studio they called " @@ -4439,17 +4470,18 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3409 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3406 msgid "" "For Tom, part of Arduino’s success is because the founders made themselves " "the first customer of their product. They made products they themselves " -"personally wanted. It was a matter of “I need this thing,” not “If we make " -"this, we’ll make a lot of money.” Tom notes that being your own first " -"customer makes you more confident and convincing at selling your product." +"personally wanted. It was a matter of <quote>I need this thing,</quote> not " +"<quote>If we make this, we’ll make a lot of money.</quote> Tom notes that " +"being your own first customer makes you more confident and convincing at " +"selling your product." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3417 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3414 msgid "" "Arduino’s business model has evolved over time—and Tom says model is a " "grandiose term for it. Originally, they just wanted to make a few boards and " @@ -4464,7 +4496,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3431 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3428 msgid "" "Arduino now has a worldwide community of makers—students, hobbyists, " "artists, programmers, and professionals. Arduino provides a wiki called " @@ -4480,7 +4512,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3445 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3442 msgid "" "Transitioning Arduino from a project to a company was a big step. Other " "businesses who made boards were charging a lot of money for them. Arduino " @@ -4491,17 +4523,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3453 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3450 msgid "" "For a business, getting to the end of the year and not being in the red is a " "success. Arduino may have an open-licensing strategy, but they are still a " "business, and all the things needed to successfully run one still apply. " -"David says, “If you do those other things well, sharing things in an open-" -"source way can only help you.”" +"David says, <quote>If you do those other things well, sharing things in an " +"open-source way can only help you.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3461 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3458 msgid "" "While openly licensing the designs, documentation, and software ensures " "longevity, it does have risks. There’s a possibility that others will create " @@ -4515,7 +4547,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3473 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3470 msgid "" "Tom and David say that a lot of people have built companies off of Arduino, " "with dozens of Arduino derivatives out there. But in contrast to closed " @@ -4528,12 +4560,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3493 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3490 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Products\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3484 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3481 msgid "" "Over time, the range of Arduino products has diversified, changing and " "adapting to new needs and challenges. In addition to simple entry level " @@ -4547,21 +4579,22 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3496 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3493 msgid "" "Arduino’s focus is on high-quality boards, well-designed support materials, " "and the building of community; this focus is one of the keys to their " "success. And being open lets you build a real community. David says " "Arduino’s community is a big strength and something that really does matter—" -"in his words, “It’s good business.” When they started, the Arduino team had " -"almost entirely no idea how to build a community. They started by conducting " -"numerous workshops, working directly with people using the platform to make " -"sure the hardware and software worked the way it was meant to work and " -"solved people’s problems. The community grew organically from there." +"in his words, <quote>It’s good business.</quote> When they started, the " +"Arduino team had almost entirely no idea how to build a community. They " +"started by conducting numerous workshops, working directly with people using " +"the platform to make sure the hardware and software worked the way it was " +"meant to work and solved people’s problems. The community grew organically " +"from there." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3509 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3506 msgid "" "A key decision for Arduino was trademarking the name. The founders needed a " "way to guarantee to people that they were buying a quality product from a " @@ -4575,7 +4608,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3521 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3518 msgid "" "Current official manufacturers are Smart Projects in Italy, SparkFun in the " "United States, and Dog Hunter in Taiwan/China. These are the only " @@ -4587,7 +4620,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3531 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3528 msgid "" "How far to open things up wasn’t always something the founders perfectly " "agreed on. David, who was always one to advocate for opening things up more, " @@ -4598,12 +4631,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3552 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3549 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://blog.arduino.cc/2013/07/10/send-in-the-clones/\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3540 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3537 msgid "" "David encourages people and businesses to start by sharing everything as a " "default strategy, and then think about whether there is anything that really " @@ -4611,36 +4644,37 @@ msgid "" "certain elements. This strategy of sharing everything is certainly the " "complete opposite of how today’s world operates, where nothing is shared. " "Tom suggests a business formalize which elements are based on open sharing " -"and which are closed. An Arduino blog post from 2013 entitled “Send In the " -"Clones,” by one of the founders Massimo Banzi, does a great job of " -"explaining the full complexities of how trademarking their brand has played " -"out, distinguishing between official boards and those that are clones, " -"derivatives, compatibles, and counterfeits.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" -"\"0\"/>" +"and which are closed. An Arduino blog post from 2013 entitled <quote>Send In " +"the Clones,</quote> by one of the founders Massimo Banzi, does a great job " +"of explaining the full complexities of how trademarking their brand has " +"played out, distinguishing between official boards and those that are " +"clones, derivatives, compatibles, and counterfeits.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3555 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3552 msgid "" "For David, an exciting aspect of Arduino is the way lots of people can use " "it to adapt technology in many different ways. Technology is always making " "more things possible but doesn’t always focus on making it easy to use and " -"adapt. This is where Arduino steps in. Arduino’s goal is “making things " -"that help other people make things.”" +"adapt. This is where Arduino steps in. Arduino’s goal is <quote>making " +"things that help other people make things.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3563 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3560 msgid "" "Arduino has been hugely successful in making technology and electronics " -"reach a larger audience. For Tom, Arduino has been about “the " -"democratization of technology.” Tom sees Arduino’s open-source strategy as " -"helping the world get over the idea that technology has to be protected. Tom " -"says, “Technology is a literacy everyone should learn.”" +"reach a larger audience. For Tom, Arduino has been about <quote>the " +"democratization of technology.</quote> Tom sees Arduino’s open-source " +"strategy as helping the world get over the idea that technology has to be " +"protected. Tom says, <quote>Technology is a literacy everyone should learn.</" +"quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3571 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3568 msgid "" "Ultimately, for Arduino, going open has been good business—good for product " "development, good for distribution, good for pricing, and good for " @@ -4648,12 +4682,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3577 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3574 msgid "Ártica" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3580 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3577 msgid "" "Ártica provides online courses and consulting services focused on how to use " "digital technology to share knowledge and enable collaboration in arts and " @@ -4661,45 +4695,45 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3585 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3582 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.articaonline.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3587 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3584 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for custom " "services" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3590 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3587 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: March 9, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3592 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3589 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: Mariana Fossatti and " "Jorge Gemetto, cofounders" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3596 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3783 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3975 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4394 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5760 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7204 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7985 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8507 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8728 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9194 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3593 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3784 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3980 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4401 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5774 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7225 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8009 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8537 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8759 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9230 msgid "Profile written by Sarah Hinchliff Pearson" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3600 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3597 msgid "" "The story of Mariana Fossatti and Jorge Gemetto’s business, Ártica, is the " "ultimate example of DIY. Not only are they successful entrepreneurs, the " @@ -4708,12 +4742,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3606 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3603 msgid "Their dream jobs didn’t exist, so they created them." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3609 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3606 msgid "" "In 2011, Mariana was a sociologist working for an international organization " "to develop research and online education about rural-development issues. " @@ -4726,7 +4760,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3621 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3618 msgid "" "Ártica feels like a uniquely twenty-first century business. The small " "company has a global online presence with no physical offices. Jorge and " @@ -4741,30 +4775,31 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3634 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3631 msgid "" "Ártica offers personalized education and consulting services, and helps " "clients implement projects. All of these services are customized. They call " -"it an “artisan” process because of the time and effort it takes to adapt " -"their work for the particular needs of students and clients. “Each student " -"or client is paying for a specific solution to his or her problems and " -"questions,” Mariana said. Rather than sell access to their content, they " -"provide it for free and charge for the personalized services." +"it an <quote>artisan</quote> process because of the time and effort it takes " +"to adapt their work for the particular needs of students and clients. " +"<quote>Each student or client is paying for a specific solution to his or " +"her problems and questions,</quote> Mariana said. Rather than sell access to " +"their content, they provide it for free and charge for the personalized " +"services." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3644 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3642 msgid "" "When they started, they offered a smaller number of courses designed to " -"attract large audiences. “Over the years, we realized that online " -"communities are more specific than we thought,” Mariana said. Ártica now " -"provides more options for classes and has lower enrollment in each course. " -"This means they can provide more attention to individual students and offer " -"classes on more specialized topics." +"attract large audiences. <quote>Over the years, we realized that online " +"communities are more specific than we thought,</quote> Mariana said. Ártica " +"now provides more options for classes and has lower enrollment in each " +"course. This means they can provide more attention to individual students " +"and offer classes on more specialized topics." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3653 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3651 msgid "" "Online courses are their biggest revenue stream, but they also do more than " "a dozen consulting projects each year, ranging from digitization to event " @@ -4774,7 +4809,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3661 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3659 msgid "" "Ártica also seeks out public and private funding for specific projects. " "Sometimes, even if they are unsuccessful in subsidizing a project like a new " @@ -4784,24 +4819,24 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3669 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3667 msgid "" "Ártica relies heavily on their free Creative Commons–licensed content to " "attract new students and clients. Everything they create—online education, " "blog posts, videos—is published under an Attribution-ShareAlike license (CC " -"BY-SA). “We use a ShareAlike license because we want to give the greatest " -"freedom to our students and readers, and we also want that freedom to be " -"viral,” Jorge said. For them, giving others the right to reuse and remix " -"their content is a fundamental value. “How can you offer an online " -"educational service without giving permission to download, make and keep " -"copies, or print the educational resources?” Jorge said. “If we want to do " -"the best for our students—those who trust in us to the point that they are " -"willing to pay online without face-to-face contact—we have to offer them a " -"fair and ethical agreement.”" +"BY-SA). <quote>We use a ShareAlike license because we want to give the " +"greatest freedom to our students and readers, and we also want that freedom " +"to be viral,</quote> Jorge said. For them, giving others the right to reuse " +"and remix their content is a fundamental value. <quote>How can you offer an " +"online educational service without giving permission to download, make and " +"keep copies, or print the educational resources?</quote> Jorge said. " +"<quote>If we want to do the best for our students—those who trust in us to " +"the point that they are willing to pay online without face-to-face contact—" +"we have to offer them a fair and ethical agreement.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3685 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3683 msgid "" "They also believe sharing their ideas and expertise openly helps them build " "their reputation and visibility. People often share and cite their work. A " @@ -4811,36 +4846,38 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3693 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3691 msgid "" "This belief that openness creates new opportunities reflects another belief—" "in serendipity. When describing their process for creating content, they " "spoke of all of the spontaneous and organic ways they find inspiration. " -"“Sometimes, the collaborative process starts with a conversation between us, " -"or with friends from other projects,” Jorge said. “That can be the first " -"step for a new blog post or another simple piece of content, which can " -"evolve to a more complex product in the future, like a course or a book.”" +"<quote>Sometimes, the collaborative process starts with a conversation " +"between us, or with friends from other projects,</quote> Jorge said. " +"<quote>That can be the first step for a new blog post or another simple " +"piece of content, which can evolve to a more complex product in the future, " +"like a course or a book.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3703 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3702 msgid "" "Rather than planning their work in advance, they let their creative process " -"be dynamic. “This doesn’t mean that we don’t need to work hard in order to " -"get good professional results, but the design process is more flexible,” " -"Jorge said. They share early and often, and they adjust based on what they " -"learn, always exploring and testing new ideas and ways of operating. In many " -"ways, for them, the process is just as important as the final product." +"be dynamic. <quote>This doesn’t mean that we don’t need to work hard in " +"order to get good professional results, but the design process is more " +"flexible,</quote> Jorge said. They share early and often, and they adjust " +"based on what they learn, always exploring and testing new ideas and ways of " +"operating. In many ways, for them, the process is just as important as the " +"final product." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> #: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3712 msgid "" -"People and relationships are also just as important, sometimes more. “In the " -"educational and cultural business, it is more important to pay attention to " -"people and process, rather than content or specific formats or materials,” " -"Mariana said. “Materials and content are fluid. The important thing is the " -"relationships.”" +"People and relationships are also just as important, sometimes more. " +"<quote>In the educational and cultural business, it is more important to pay " +"attention to people and process, rather than content or specific formats or " +"materials,</quote> Mariana said. <quote>Materials and content are fluid. " +"The important thing is the relationships.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> @@ -4854,20 +4891,20 @@ msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> #: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3725 msgid "" -"At the core of everything Ártica does is a set of values. “Good content is " -"not enough,” Jorge said. “We also think that it is very important to take a " -"stand for some things in the cultural sector.” Mariana and Jorge are " -"activists. They defend free culture (the movement promoting the freedom to " -"modify and distribute creative work) and work to demonstrate the " -"intersection between free culture and other social-justice movements. Their " -"efforts to involve people in their work and enable artists and cultural " -"institutions to better use technology are all tied closely to their belief " -"system. Ultimately, what drives their work is a mission to democratize art " -"and culture." +"At the core of everything Ártica does is a set of values. <quote>Good " +"content is not enough,</quote> Jorge said. <quote>We also think that it is " +"very important to take a stand for some things in the cultural sector.</" +"quote> Mariana and Jorge are activists. They defend free culture (the " +"movement promoting the freedom to modify and distribute creative work) and " +"work to demonstrate the intersection between free culture and other social-" +"justice movements. Their efforts to involve people in their work and enable " +"artists and cultural institutions to better use technology are all tied " +"closely to their belief system. Ultimately, what drives their work is a " +"mission to democratize art and culture." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3738 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3739 msgid "" "Of course, Ártica also has to make enough money to cover its expenses. Human " "resources are, by far, their biggest expense. They tap a network of " @@ -4880,11 +4917,11 @@ msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> #: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3747 msgid "" -"“There are lots of people offering online courses,” Jorge said. “But it is " -"easy to differentiate us. We have an approach that is very specific and " -"personal.” Ártica’s model is rooted in the personal at every level. For " -"Mariana and Jorge, success means doing what brings them personal meaning and " -"purpose, and doing it sustainably and collaboratively." +"<quote>There are lots of people offering online courses,</quote> Jorge said. " +"<quote>But it is easy to differentiate us. We have an approach that is very " +"specific and personal.</quote> Ártica’s model is rooted in the personal at " +"every level. For Mariana and Jorge, success means doing what brings them " +"personal meaning and purpose, and doing it sustainably and collaboratively." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> @@ -4892,49 +4929,49 @@ msgstr "" msgid "" "In their work with younger artists, Mariana and Jorge try to emphasize that " "this model of success is just as valuable as the picture of success we get " -"from the media. “If they seek only the traditional type of success, they " -"will get frustrated,” Mariana said. “We try to show them another image of " -"what it looks like.”" +"from the media. <quote>If they seek only the traditional type of success, " +"they will get frustrated,</quote> Mariana said. <quote>We try to show them " +"another image of what it looks like.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3763 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3764 msgid "Blender Institute" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3766 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3767 msgid "" "The Blender Institute is an animation studio that creates 3-D films using " "Blender software. Founded in 2006 in the Netherlands." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3771 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3772 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.blender.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3773 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3774 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: crowdfunding " "(subscription-based), charging for physical copies, selling merchandise" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3777 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3778 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: March 8, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3779 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3780 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Francesco Siddi, " "production coordinator" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3787 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3788 msgid "" "For Ton Roosendaal, the creator of Blender software and its related " "entities, sharing is practical. Making their 3-D content creation software " @@ -4947,7 +4984,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3798 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3799 msgid "" "Each open-movie project Blender runs produces a host of openly licensed " "outputs, not just the final film itself but all of the source material as " @@ -4959,16 +4996,16 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3808 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3809 msgid "" "Rather than just talking about the theoretical benefits of sharing and free " "culture, Ton is very much about doing and making free culture. Blender’s " -"production coordinator Francesco Siddi told us, “Ton believes if you don’t " -"make content using your tools, then you’re not doing anything.”" +"production coordinator Francesco Siddi told us, <quote>Ton believes if you " +"don’t make content using your tools, then you’re not doing anything.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3815 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3816 msgid "" "Blender’s history begins in the late 1990s, when Ton created the Blender " "software. Originally, the software was an in-house resource for his " @@ -4981,31 +5018,32 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3826 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3827 msgid "" "This was long before Kickstarter and other online crowdfunding sites " "existed, but Ton ran his own version of a crowdfunding campaign and quickly " "raised the money he needed. The Blender software became freely available for " "anyone to use. Simply applying the General Public License to the software, " "however, was not enough to create a thriving community around it. Francesco " -"told us, “Software of this complexity relies on people and their vision of " -"how people work together. Ton is a fantastic community builder and manager, " -"and he put a lot of work into fostering a community of developers so that " -"the project could live.”" +"told us, <quote>Software of this complexity relies on people and their " +"vision of how people work together. Ton is a fantastic community builder and " +"manager, and he put a lot of work into fostering a community of developers " +"so that the project could live.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3838 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3840 msgid "" "Like any successful free and open-source software project, Blender developed " -"quickly because the community could make fixes and improvements. “Software " -"should be free and open to hack,” Francesco said. “Otherwise, everyone is " -"doing the same thing in the dark for ten years.” Ton set up the Blender " -"Foundation to oversee and steward the software development and maintenance." +"quickly because the community could make fixes and improvements. " +"<quote>Software should be free and open to hack,</quote> Francesco said. " +"<quote>Otherwise, everyone is doing the same thing in the dark for ten years." +"</quote> Ton set up the Blender Foundation to oversee and steward the " +"software development and maintenance." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3846 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3849 msgid "" "After a few years, Ton began looking for new ways to push development of the " "software. He came up with the idea of creating CC-licensed films using the " @@ -5017,18 +5055,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3856 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3859 msgid "" "They turned to crowdfunding to subsidize the costs of the project. They had " "about twenty people working full-time for six to ten months, so the costs " "were significant. Francesco said that when their crowdfunding campaign " -"succeeded, people were astounded. “The idea that making money was possible " -"by producing CC-licensed material was mind-blowing to people,” he said. " -"“They were like, ‘I have to see it to believe it.’”" +"succeeded, people were astounded. <quote>The idea that making money was " +"possible by producing CC-licensed material was mind-blowing to people,</" +"quote> he said. <quote>They were like, <quote>I have to see it to believe " +"it.</quote></quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3865 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3869 msgid "" "The first film, which was released in 2006, was an experiment. It was so " "successful that Ton decided to set up the Blender Institute, an entity " @@ -5038,7 +5077,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3873 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3877 msgid "" "Francesco said that, over time, the Blender Institute projects have gotten " "bigger and more prominent. That means the filmmaking process has become more " @@ -5046,34 +5085,37 @@ msgid "" "Francesco says the process is almost on an industrial scale because of the " "number of moving parts. This requires a lot of specialized assistance, but " "the Blender Institute has no problem finding the talent it needs to help on " -"projects. “Blender hardly does any recruiting for film projects because the " -"talent emerges naturally,” Francesco said. “So many people want to work " -"with us, and we can’t always hire them because of budget constraints.”" +"projects. <quote>Blender hardly does any recruiting for film projects " +"because the talent emerges naturally,</quote> Francesco said. <quote>So many " +"people want to work with us, and we can’t always hire them because of budget " +"constraints.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3886 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3890 msgid "" "Blender has had a lot of success raising money from its community over the " "years. In many ways, the pitch has gotten easier to make. Not only is " "crowdfunding simply more familiar to the public, but people know and trust " "Blender to deliver, and Ton has developed a reputation as an effective " -"community leader and visionary for their work. “There is a whole community " -"who sees and understands the benefit of these projects,” Francesco said." +"community leader and visionary for their work. <quote>There is a whole " +"community who sees and understands the benefit of these projects,</quote> " +"Francesco said." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3895 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3899 msgid "" "While these benefits of each open-movie project make a compelling pitch for " "crowdfunding campaigns, Francesco told us the Blender Institute has found " "some limitations in the standard crowdfunding model where you propose a " -"specific project and ask for funding. “Once a project is over, everyone " -"goes home,” he said. “It is great fun, but then it ends. That is a problem.”" +"specific project and ask for funding. <quote>Once a project is over, " +"everyone goes home,</quote> he said. <quote>It is great fun, but then it " +"ends. That is a problem.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3903 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3908 msgid "" "To make their work more sustainable, they needed a way to receive ongoing " "support rather than on a project-by-project basis. Their solution is Blender " @@ -5090,16 +5132,16 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3918 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3923 msgid "" "The continuous financial support provided by Blender Cloud subsidizes five " "to six full-time employees at the Blender Institute. Francesco says their " -"goal is to grow their subscriber base. “This is our freedom,” he told us, " -"“and for artists, freedom is everything.”" +"goal is to grow their subscriber base. <quote>This is our freedom,</quote> " +"he told us, <quote>and for artists, freedom is everything.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3925 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3930 msgid "" "Blender Cloud is the primary revenue stream of the Blender Institute. The " "Blender Foundation is funded primarily by donations, and that money goes " @@ -5110,7 +5152,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3934 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3939 msgid "" "Ton has worked on projects relating to his Blender software for nearly " "twenty years. Throughout most of that time, he has been committed to making " @@ -5119,78 +5161,79 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3941 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3946 msgid "" "Since 2006, he has been making films available along with all of their " "source material. He says he has hardly ever seen people stepping into " "Blender’s shoes and trying to make money off of their content. Ton believes " "this is because the true value of what they do is in the creative and " -"production process. “Even when you share everything, all your original " +"production process. <quote>Even when you share everything, all your original " "sources, it still takes a lot of talent, skills, time, and budget to " -"reproduce what you did,” Ton said." +"reproduce what you did,</quote> Ton said." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3951 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3956 msgid "For Ton and Blender, it all comes back to doing." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3955 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3960 msgid "Cards Against Humanity" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3958 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3963 msgid "" "Cards Against Humanity is a private, for-profit company that makes a popular " "party game by the same name. Founded in 2011 in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3963 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3968 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.cardsagainsthumanity.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3965 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3970 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for physical " "copies" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3968 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3973 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 3, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3971 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3976 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Max Temkin, cofounder" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3979 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3984 msgid "" "If you ask cofounder Max Temkin, there is nothing particularly interesting " -"about the Cards Against Humanity business model. “We make a product. We sell " -"it for money. Then we spend less money than we make,” Max said." +"about the Cards Against Humanity business model. <quote>We make a product. " +"We sell it for money. Then we spend less money than we make,</quote> Max " +"said." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3985 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3990 msgid "" "He is right. Cards Against Humanity is a simple party game, modeled after " "the game Apples to Apples. To play, one player asks a question or fill-in-" "the-blank statement from a black card, and the other players submit their " "funniest white card in response. The catch is that all of the cards are " "filled with crude, gruesome, and otherwise awful things. For the right kind " -"of people (“horrible people,” according to Cards Against Humanity " -"advertising), this makes for a hilarious and fun game." +"of people (<quote>horrible people,</quote> according to Cards Against " +"Humanity advertising), this makes for a hilarious and fun game." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3995 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4000 msgid "" "The revenue model is simple. Physical copies of the game are sold for a " "profit. And it works. At the time of this writing, Cards Against Humanity is " @@ -5200,7 +5243,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4003 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4008 msgid "" "But Cards Against Humanity is also available for free. Anyone can download a " "digital version of the game on the Cards Against Humanity website. More than " @@ -5209,7 +5252,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4009 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4014 msgid "" "The game is available under an Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license " "(CC BY-NC-SA). That means, in addition to copying the game, anyone can " @@ -5219,7 +5262,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4017 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4022 msgid "" "All together, these factors—the crass tone of the game and company, the free " "download, the openness to fans remixing the game—give the game a massive " @@ -5227,7 +5270,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4022 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4027 msgid "" "Their success is not the result of a grand plan. Instead, Cards Against " "Humanity was the last in a long line of games and comedy projects that Max " @@ -5242,24 +5285,24 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4035 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4040 msgid "" "The game caught on quickly, and it has only grown more popular over time. " "Max says the eight founders never had a meeting where they decided to make " -"it an ongoing business. “It kind of just happened,” he said." +"it an ongoing business. <quote>It kind of just happened,</quote> he said." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4041 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4046 msgid "" -"But this tale of a “happy accident” belies marketing genius. Just like the " -"game, the Cards Against Humanity brand is irreverent and memorable. It is " -"hard to forget a company that calls the FAQ on their website “Your dumb " -"questions.”" +"But this tale of a <quote>happy accident</quote> belies marketing genius. " +"Just like the game, the Cards Against Humanity brand is irreverent and " +"memorable. It is hard to forget a company that calls the FAQ on their " +"website <quote>Your dumb questions.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4047 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4052 msgid "" "Like most quality satire, however, there is more to the joke than vulgarity " "and shock value. The company’s marketing efforts around Black Friday " @@ -5268,41 +5311,42 @@ msgid "" "biggest shopping day of the year. It is an incredibly important day for " "Cards Against Humanity, like it is for all U.S. retailers. Max said they " "struggled with what to do on Black Friday because they didn’t want to " -"support what he called the “orgy of consumerism” the day has become, " -"particularly since it follows a day that is about being grateful for what " -"you have. In 2013, after deliberating, they decided to have an Everything " -"Costs $5 More sale." +"support what he called the <quote>orgy of consumerism</quote> the day has " +"become, particularly since it follows a day that is about being grateful for " +"what you have. In 2013, after deliberating, they decided to have an " +"Everything Costs $5 More sale." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4061 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4065 msgid "" -"“We sweated it out the night before Black Friday, wondering if our fans were " -"going to hate us for it,” he said. “But it made us laugh so we went with it. " -"People totally caught the joke.”" +"<quote>We sweated it out the night before Black Friday, wondering if our " +"fans were going to hate us for it,</quote> he said. <quote>But it made us " +"laugh so we went with it. People totally caught the joke.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4066 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4071 msgid "" "This sort of bold transparency delights the media, but more importantly, it " -"engages their fans. “One of the most surprising things you can do in " -"capitalism is just be honest with people,” Max said. “It shocks people that " -"there is transparency about what you are doing.”" +"engages their fans. <quote>One of the most surprising things you can do in " +"capitalism is just be honest with people,</quote> Max said. <quote>It shocks " +"people that there is transparency about what you are doing.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4073 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4078 msgid "" -"Max also likened it to a grand improv scene. “If we do something a little " -"subversive and unexpected, the public wants to be a part of the joke.” One " -"year they did a Give Cards Against Humanity $5 event, where people literally " -"paid them five dollars for no reason. Their fans wanted to make the joke " -"funnier by making it successful. They made $70,000 in a single day." +"Max also likened it to a grand improv scene. <quote>If we do something a " +"little subversive and unexpected, the public wants to be a part of the joke." +"</quote> One year they did a Give Cards Against Humanity $5 event, where " +"people literally paid them five dollars for no reason. Their fans wanted to " +"make the joke funnier by making it successful. They made $70,000 in a single " +"day." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4081 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4086 msgid "" "This remarkable trust they have in their customers is what inspired their " "decision to apply a Creative Commons license to the game. Trusting your " @@ -5310,14 +5354,14 @@ msgid "" "Against Humanity obviously isn’t afraid of doing the unexpected, but there " "are lines even they do not want to cross. Before applying the license, Max " "said they worried that some fans would adapt the game to include all of the " -"jokes they intentionally never made because they crossed that line. “It " -"happened, and the world didn’t end,” Max said. “If that is the worst cost of " -"using CC, I’d pay that a hundred times over because there are so many " -"benefits.”" +"jokes they intentionally never made because they crossed that line. " +"<quote>It happened, and the world didn’t end,</quote> Max said. <quote>If " +"that is the worst cost of using CC, I’d pay that a hundred times over " +"because there are so many benefits.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4094 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4099 msgid "" "Any successful product inspires its biggest fans to create remixes of it, " "but unsanctioned adaptations are more likely to fly under the radar. The " @@ -5327,43 +5371,44 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4102 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4107 msgid "" -"Max said, “CC was a no-brainer for us because it gets the most people " +"Max said, <quote>CC was a no-brainer for us because it gets the most people " "involved. Making the game free and available under a CC license led to the " "unbelievable situation where we are one of the best-marketed games in the " -"world, and we have never spent a dime on marketing.”" +"world, and we have never spent a dime on marketing.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4109 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4114 msgid "" "Of course, there are limits to what the company allows its customers to do " "with the game. They chose the Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license " "because it restricts people from using the game to make money. It also " "requires that adaptations of the game be made available under the same " "licensing terms if they are shared publicly. Cards Against Humanity also " -"polices its brand. “We feel like we’re the only ones who can use our brand " -"and our game and make money off of it,” Max said. About 99.9 percent of the " -"time, they just send an email to those making commercial use of the game, " -"and that is the end of it. There have only been a handful of instances where " -"they had to get a lawyer involved." +"polices its brand. <quote>We feel like we’re the only ones who can use our " +"brand and our game and make money off of it,</quote> Max said. About 99.9 " +"percent of the time, they just send an email to those making commercial use " +"of the game, and that is the end of it. There have only been a handful of " +"instances where they had to get a lawyer involved." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4123 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4128 msgid "" "Just as there is more than meets the eye to the Cards Against Humanity " "business model, the same can be said of the game itself. To be playable, " "every white card has to work syntactically with enough black cards. The " "eight creators invest an incredible amount of work into creating new cards " -"for the game. “We have daylong arguments about commas,” Max said. “The " -"slacker tone of the cards gives people the impression that it is easy to " -"write them, but it is actually a lot of work and quibbling.”" +"for the game. <quote>We have daylong arguments about commas,</quote> Max " +"said. <quote>The slacker tone of the cards gives people the impression that " +"it is easy to write them, but it is actually a lot of work and quibbling.</" +"quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4133 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4139 msgid "" "That means cocreation with their fans really doesn’t work. The company has a " "submission mechanism on their website, and they get thousands of " @@ -5376,27 +5421,28 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4144 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4150 msgid "" "For all of their success, the creators of Cards Against Humanity are only " "partially motivated by money. Max says they have always been interested in " -"the Walt Disney philosophy of financial success. “We don’t make jokes and " -"games to make money—we make money so we can make more jokes and games,” he " -"said." +"the Walt Disney philosophy of financial success. <quote>We don’t make jokes " +"and games to make money—we make money so we can make more jokes and games,</" +"quote> he said." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4151 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4157 msgid "" "In fact, the company has given more than $4 million to various charities and " -"causes. “Cards is not our life plan,” Max said. “We all have other interests " -"and hobbies. We are passionate about other things going on in our lives. A " -"lot of the activism we have done comes out of us taking things from the rest " -"of our lives and channeling some of the excitement from the game into it.”" +"causes. <quote>Cards is not our life plan,</quote> Max said. <quote>We all " +"have other interests and hobbies. We are passionate about other things going " +"on in our lives. A lot of the activism we have done comes out of us taking " +"things from the rest of our lives and channeling some of the excitement from " +"the game into it.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4159 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4166 msgid "" "Seeing money as fuel rather than the ultimate goal is what has enabled them " "to embrace Creative Commons licensing without reservation. CC licensing " @@ -5406,21 +5452,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4167 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4173 msgid "" -"“It’s not right for everyone to release everything under CC licensing,” Max " -"said. “If your only goal is to make a lot of money, then CC is not best " -"strategy. This kind of business model, though, speaks to your values, and " -"who you are and why you’re making things.”" +"<quote>It’s not right for everyone to release everything under CC licensing," +"</quote> Max said. <quote>If your only goal is to make a lot of money, then " +"CC is not best strategy. This kind of business model, though, speaks to your " +"values, and who you are and why you’re making things.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4175 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4181 msgid "The Conversation" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4178 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4184 msgid "" "The Conversation is an independent source of news, sourced from the academic " "and research community and delivered direct to the public over the Internet. " @@ -5428,12 +5474,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4183 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4189 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://theconversation.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4185 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4191 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging content " "creators (universities pay membership fees to have their faculties serve as " @@ -5441,13 +5487,13 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4192 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4198 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Andrew Jaspan, founder" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4200 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4206 msgid "" "Andrew Jaspan spent years as an editor of major newspapers including the " "Observer in London, the Sunday Herald in Glasgow, and the Age in Melbourne, " @@ -5458,7 +5504,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4210 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4216 msgid "" "Around the time he left his job as editor of the Melbourne Age, Andrew " "wondered where citizens would get news grounded in fact and evidence rather " @@ -5468,7 +5514,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4217 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4223 msgid "" "While at the Age, he’d become friends with a vice-chancellor of a university " "in Melbourne who encouraged him to talk to smart people across campus—an " @@ -5489,7 +5535,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4238 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4244 msgid "" "Andrew believed he could to help connect academics back into the public " "arena, and maybe help society find solutions to big problems. He thought " @@ -5504,7 +5550,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4251 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4257 msgid "" "The people he spoke to liked this idea, and Andrew embarked on raising money " "and support with the help of the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial " @@ -5518,7 +5564,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4264 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4270 msgid "" "The Conversation is founded on the belief that underpinning a functioning " "democracy is access to independent, high-quality, informative journalism. " @@ -5530,12 +5576,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4277 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4283 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://theconversation.com/us/charter\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4275 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4281 msgid "" "Andrew worked hard to reinvent a methodology for creating reliable, credible " "content. He introduced strict new working practices, a charter, and codes of " @@ -5552,7 +5598,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4290 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4296 msgid "" "Creative Commons help with these goals; articles are published with the " "Attribution- NoDerivs license (CC BY-ND). They’re freely available for " @@ -5566,7 +5612,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4302 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4308 msgid "" "When readers come across the Conversation, they seem to like what they find " "and recommend it to their friends, peers, and networks. Readership has " @@ -5576,7 +5622,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4310 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4316 msgid "" "It’s usual for the founders of any company to ask themselves what kind of " "company it should be. It quickly became clear to the founders of the " @@ -5587,7 +5633,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4319 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4325 msgid "" "There are now different editions of the Conversation for Africa, the United " "Kingdom, France, and the United States, in addition to the one for " @@ -5599,7 +5645,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4329 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4335 msgid "" "Additionally, each edition has its own set of founding partners, strategic " "partners, and funders. They’ve received funding from foundations, " @@ -5610,17 +5656,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4338 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4344 msgid "" "When professors from member universities write an article, there is some " "branding of the university associated with the article. On the Conversation " -"website, paying university members are listed as “members and funders.” " -"Early participants may be designated as “founding members,” with seats on " -"the editorial advisory board." +"website, paying university members are listed as <quote>members and funders." +"</quote> Early participants may be designated as <quote>founding members,</" +"quote> with seats on the editorial advisory board." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4345 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4352 msgid "" "Academics are not paid for their contributions, but they get free editing " "from a professional (four to five hours per piece, on average). They also " @@ -5632,7 +5678,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4355 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4362 msgid "" "The Conversation plans to expand the dashboard to show not just reach but " "impact. This tracks activities, behaviors, and events that occurred as a " @@ -5642,7 +5688,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4363 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4370 msgid "" "These reach and impact metrics show the benefits of membership. With the " "Conversation, universities can engage with the public and show why they’re " @@ -5650,59 +5696,59 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4368 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4375 msgid "" -"With its tagline, “Academic Rigor, Journalistic Flair,” the Conversation " -"represents a new form of journalism that contributes to a more informed " -"citizenry and improved democracy around the world. Its open business model " -"and use of Creative Commons show how it’s possible to generate both a public " -"good and operational revenue at the same time." +"With its tagline, <quote>Academic Rigor, Journalistic Flair,</quote> the " +"Conversation represents a new form of journalism that contributes to a more " +"informed citizenry and improved democracy around the world. Its open " +"business model and use of Creative Commons show how it’s possible to " +"generate both a public good and operational revenue at the same time." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4377 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4384 msgid "Cory Doctorow" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4380 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4387 msgid "" "Cory Doctorow is a science fiction writer, activist, blogger, and " "journalist. Based in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4383 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4390 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://craphound.com\"/> and <ulink url=\"http://boingboing.net" "\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4386 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4393 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for physical " "copies (book sales), pay-what-you-want, selling translation rights to books" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4390 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4397 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: January 12, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4398 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4405 msgid "" -"Cory Doctorow hates the term “business model,” and he is adamant that he is " -"not a brand. “To me, branding is the idea that you can take a thing that has " -"certain qualities, remove the qualities, and go on selling it,” he said. " -"“I’m not out there trying to figure out how to be a brand. I’m doing this " -"thing that animates me to work crazy insane hours because it’s the most " -"important thing I know how to do.”" +"Cory Doctorow hates the term <quote>business model,</quote> and he is " +"adamant that he is not a brand. <quote>To me, branding is the idea that you " +"can take a thing that has certain qualities, remove the qualities, and go on " +"selling it,</quote> he said. <quote>I’m not out there trying to figure out " +"how to be a brand. I’m doing this thing that animates me to work crazy " +"insane hours because it’s the most important thing I know how to do.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4407 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4414 msgid "" "Cory calls himself an entrepreneur. He likes to say his success came from " "making stuff people happened to like and then getting out of the way of them " @@ -5710,7 +5756,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4412 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4419 msgid "" "He is a science fiction writer, activist, blogger, and journalist. " "Beginning with his first novel, Down and Out in the Magic Kingdom, in 2003, " @@ -5722,7 +5768,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4423 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4430 msgid "" "Cory primarily makes money by selling physical books, but he also takes on " "paid speaking gigs and is experimenting with pay-what-you-want models for " @@ -5730,7 +5776,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4428 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4435 msgid "" "While Cory’s extensive body of fiction work has a large following, he is " "just as well known for his activism. He is an outspoken opponent of " @@ -5740,68 +5786,70 @@ msgid "" "Foundation, where he is involved in a lawsuit challenging the U.S. law that " "protects DRM. Cory says his political work doesn’t directly make him money, " "but if he gave it up, he thinks he would lose credibility and, more " -"importantly, lose the drive that propels him to create. “My political work " -"is a different expression of the same artistic-political urge,” he said. “I " -"have this suspicion that if I gave up the things that didn’t make me money, " -"the genuineness would leach out of what I do, and the quality that causes " -"people to like what I do would be gone.”" +"importantly, lose the drive that propels him to create. <quote>My political " +"work is a different expression of the same artistic-political urge,</quote> " +"he said. <quote>I have this suspicion that if I gave up the things that " +"didn’t make me money, the genuineness would leach out of what I do, and the " +"quality that causes people to like what I do would be gone.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4445 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4452 msgid "" "Cory has been financially successful, but money is not his primary " "motivation. At the start of his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, he " "stresses how important it is not to become an artist if your goal is to get " -"rich. “Entering the arts because you want to get rich is like buying lottery " -"tickets because you want to get rich,” he wrote. “It might work, but it " -"almost certainly won’t. Though, of course, someone always wins the " -"lottery.” He acknowledges that he is one of the lucky few to “make it,” but " -"he says he would be writing no matter what. “I am compelled to write,” he " -"wrote. “Long before I wrote to keep myself fed and sheltered, I was writing " -"to keep myself sane.”" +"rich. <quote>Entering the arts because you want to get rich is like buying " +"lottery tickets because you want to get rich,</quote> he wrote. <quote>It " +"might work, but it almost certainly won’t. Though, of course, someone always " +"wins the lottery.</quote> He acknowledges that he is one of the lucky few to " +"<quote>make it,</quote> but he says he would be writing no matter what. " +"<quote>I am compelled to write,</quote> he wrote. <quote>Long before I " +"wrote to keep myself fed and sheltered, I was writing to keep myself sane.</" +"quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4458 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4466 msgid "" "Just as money is not his primary motivation to create, money is not his " "primary motivation to share. For Cory, sharing his work with Creative " -"Commons is a moral imperative. “It felt morally right,” he said of his " -"decision to adopt Creative Commons licenses. “I felt like I wasn’t " -"contributing to the culture of surveillance and censorship that has been " -"created to try to stop copying.” In other words, using CC licenses " -"symbolizes his worldview." +"Commons is a moral imperative. <quote>It felt morally right,</quote> he said " +"of his decision to adopt Creative Commons licenses. <quote>I felt like I " +"wasn’t contributing to the culture of surveillance and censorship that has " +"been created to try to stop copying.</quote> In other words, using CC " +"licenses symbolizes his worldview." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4468 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4476 msgid "" "He also feels like there is a solid commercial basis for licensing his work " "with Creative Commons. While he acknowledges he hasn’t been able to do a " "controlled experiment to compare the commercial benefits of licensing with " "CC against reserving all rights, he thinks he has sold more books using a CC " "license than he would have without it. Cory says his goal is to convince " -"people they should pay him for his work. “I started by not calling them " -"thieves,” he said." +"people they should pay him for his work. <quote>I started by not calling " +"them thieves,</quote> he said." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4478 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4486 msgid "" "Cory started using CC licenses soon after they were first created. At the " "time his first novel came out, he says the science fiction genre was overrun " "with people scanning and downloading books without permission. When he and " "his publisher took a closer look at who was doing that sort of thing online, " -"they realized it looked a lot like book promotion. “I knew there was a " +"they realized it looked a lot like book promotion. <quote>I knew there was a " "relationship between having enthusiastic readers and having a successful " -"career as a writer,” he said. “At the time, it took eighty hours to OCR a " -"book, which is a big effort. I decided to spare them the time and energy, " -"and give them the book for free in a format destined to spread.”" +"career as a writer,</quote> he said. <quote>At the time, it took eighty " +"hours to OCR a book, which is a big effort. I decided to spare them the time " +"and energy, and give them the book for free in a format destined to spread.</" +"quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4491 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4499 msgid "" "Cory admits the stakes were pretty low for him when he first adopted " "Creative Commons licenses. He only had to sell two thousand copies of his " @@ -5811,33 +5859,34 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4499 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4507 msgid "" "The bottom line, Cory says, is that no one has found a way to prevent people " "from copying the stuff they like. Rather than fighting the tide, Cory makes " -"his work intrinsically shareable. “Getting the hell out of the way for " -"people who want to share their love of you with other people sounds obvious, " -"but it’s remarkable how many people don’t do it,” he said." +"his work intrinsically shareable. <quote>Getting the hell out of the way " +"for people who want to share their love of you with other people sounds " +"obvious, but it’s remarkable how many people don’t do it,</quote> he said." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4507 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4515 msgid "" "Making his work available under Creative Commons licenses enables him to " -"view his biggest fans as his ambassadors. “Being open to fan activity makes " -"you part of the conversation about what fans do with your work and how they " -"interact with it,” he said. Cory’s own website routinely highlights cool " -"things his audience has done with his work. Unlike corporations like Disney " -"that tend to have a hands-off relationship with their fan activity, he has a " -"symbiotic relationship with his audience. “Engaging with your audience can’t " -"guarantee you success,” he said. “And Disney is an example of being able to " -"remain aloof and still being the most successful company in the creative " -"industry in history. But I figure my likelihood of being Disney is pretty " -"slim, so I should take all the help I can get.”" +"view his biggest fans as his ambassadors. <quote>Being open to fan activity " +"makes you part of the conversation about what fans do with your work and how " +"they interact with it,</quote> he said. Cory’s own website routinely " +"highlights cool things his audience has done with his work. Unlike " +"corporations like Disney that tend to have a hands-off relationship with " +"their fan activity, he has a symbiotic relationship with his audience. " +"<quote>Engaging with your audience can’t guarantee you success,</quote> he " +"said. <quote>And Disney is an example of being able to remain aloof and " +"still being the most successful company in the creative industry in history. " +"But I figure my likelihood of being Disney is pretty slim, so I should take " +"all the help I can get.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4522 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4530 msgid "" "His first book was published under the most restrictive Creative Commons " "license, Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC BY-NC-ND). It allows only " @@ -5853,7 +5902,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4537 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4545 msgid "" "In his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, Cory likens his philosophy " "to thinking like a dandelion. Dandelions produce thousands of seeds each " @@ -5861,40 +5910,41 @@ msgid "" "strategy is to maximize the number of blind chances the dandelion has for " "continuing its genetic line. Similarly, he says there are lots of people out " "there who may want to buy creative work or compensate authors for it in some " -"other way. “The more places your work can find itself, the greater the " +"other way. <quote>The more places your work can find itself, the greater the " "likelihood that it will find one of those would-be customers in some " -"unsuspected crack in the metaphorical pavement,” he wrote. “The copies that " -"others make of my work cost me nothing, and present the possibility that " -"I’ll get something.”" +"unsuspected crack in the metaphorical pavement,</quote> he wrote. <quote>The " +"copies that others make of my work cost me nothing, and present the " +"possibility that I’ll get something.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4551 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4560 msgid "" "Applying a CC license to his work increases the chances it will be shared " "more widely around the Web. He avoids DRM—and openly opposes the practice—" "for similar reasons. DRM has the effect of tying a work to a particular " "platform. This digital lock, in turn, strips the authors of control over " "their own work and hands that control over to the platform. He calls it " -"Cory’s First Law: “Anytime someone puts a lock on something that belongs to " -"you and won’t give you the key, that lock isn’t there for your benefit.”" +"Cory’s First Law: <quote>Anytime someone puts a lock on something that " +"belongs to you and won’t give you the key, that lock isn’t there for your " +"benefit.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4561 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4571 msgid "" "Cory operates under the premise that artists benefit when there are more, " "rather than fewer, places where people can access their work. The Internet " -"has opened up those avenues, but DRM is designed to limit them. “On the one " -"hand, we can credibly make our work available to a widely dispersed " -"audience,” he said. “On the other hand, the intermediaries we historically " -"sold to are making it harder to go around them.” Cory continually looks for " -"ways to reach his audience without relying upon major platforms that will " -"try to take control over his work." +"has opened up those avenues, but DRM is designed to limit them. <quote>On " +"the one hand, we can credibly make our work available to a widely dispersed " +"audience,</quote> he said. <quote>On the other hand, the intermediaries we " +"historically sold to are making it harder to go around them.</quote> Cory " +"continually looks for ways to reach his audience without relying upon major " +"platforms that will try to take control over his work." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4572 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4582 msgid "" "Cory says his e-book sales have been lower than those of his competitors, " "and he attributes some of that to the CC license making the work available " @@ -5907,40 +5957,40 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4583 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4593 msgid "" "Fans are particularly willing to pay when they feel personally connected to " "the artist. Cory works hard to create that personal connection. One way he " -"does this is by personally answering every single email he gets. “If you " -"look at the history of artists, most die in penury,” he said. “That reality " -"means that for artists, we have to find ways to support ourselves when " -"public tastes shift, when copyright stops producing. Future-proofing your " -"artistic career in many ways means figuring out how to stay connected to " -"those people who have been touched by your work.”" +"does this is by personally answering every single email he gets. <quote>If " +"you look at the history of artists, most die in penury,</quote> he said. " +"<quote>That reality means that for artists, we have to find ways to support " +"ourselves when public tastes shift, when copyright stops producing. Future-" +"proofing your artistic career in many ways means figuring out how to stay " +"connected to those people who have been touched by your work.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4594 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4605 msgid "" "Cory’s realism about the difficulty of making a living in the arts does not " "reflect pessimism about the Internet age. Instead, he says the fact that it " "is hard to make a living as an artist is nothing new. What is new, he writes " -"in his book, “is how many ways there are to make things, and to get them " -"into other people’s hands and minds.”" +"in his book, <quote>is how many ways there are to make things, and to get " +"them into other people’s hands and minds.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4602 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4613 msgid "It has never been easier to think like a dandelion." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4606 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4617 msgid "Figshare" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4609 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4620 msgid "" "Figshare is a for-profit company offering an online repository where " "researchers can preserve and share the output of their research, including " @@ -5948,29 +5998,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4615 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4626 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://figshare.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4617 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4628 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: platform providing paid " "services to creators" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4620 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4631 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: January 28, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4623 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4634 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Mark Hahnel, founder" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4631 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4642 msgid "" "Figshare’s mission is to change the face of academic publishing through " "improved dissemination, discoverability, and reusability of scholarly " @@ -5983,7 +6033,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4642 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4653 msgid "" "Figshare founder Mark Hahnel often gets asked: How do you make money? How do " "we know you’ll be here in five years? Can you, as a for-profit venture, be " @@ -5991,7 +6041,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4647 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4658 msgid "" "Mark traces the origins of Figshare back to when he was a graduate student " "getting his PhD in stem cell biology. His research involved working with " @@ -6002,7 +6052,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4656 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4667 msgid "" "Mark does not consider himself an advanced software programmer. " "Fortunately, things like cloud-based computing and wikis had become " @@ -6011,7 +6061,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4663 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4674 msgid "" "There were two key needs: licenses to make the data citable, and persistent " "identifiers— URL links that always point back to the original object " @@ -6019,7 +6069,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4669 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4680 msgid "" "Mark chose Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs) to meet the need for a " "persistent identifier. In the DOI system, an object’s metadata is stored as " @@ -6030,7 +6080,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4678 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4689 msgid "" "As for licenses, Mark chose Creative Commons. The open-access and open-" "science communities were already using and recommending Creative Commons. " @@ -6040,7 +6090,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4686 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4697 msgid "" "So Mark began using DOIs and Creative Commons for his own research work. He " "had a science blog where he wrote about it and made all his data open. " @@ -6049,7 +6099,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4692 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4703 msgid "" "People liked the interface and simple upload process. People started asking " "if they could also share theses, grant proposals, and code. Inclusion of " @@ -6059,7 +6109,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4700 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4711 msgid "" "Mark sought investment to make this into a scalable product. After a few " "unsuccessful funding pitches, UK-based Digital Science expressed interest " @@ -6068,7 +6118,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4707 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4718 msgid "" "Under the freemium model, academics upload their research to Figshare for " "storage and sharing for free. Each research object is licensed with Creative " @@ -6076,12 +6126,12 @@ msgid "" "fee for gigabytes of private storage space, and for private online space " "designed for a set number of research collaborators, which is ideal for " "larger teams and geographically dispersed research groups. Figshare sums up " -"its value proposition to researchers as “You retain ownership. You license " -"it. You get credit. We just make sure it persists.”" +"its value proposition to researchers as <quote>You retain ownership. You " +"license it. You get credit. We just make sure it persists.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4718 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4730 msgid "" "In January 2012, Figshare was launched. (The fig in Figshare stands for " "figures.) Using investment funds, Mark made significant improvements to " @@ -6093,7 +6143,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4728 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4740 msgid "" "Figshare diversified its business model to include services for journals. " "Figshare began hosting large amounts of data for the journals’ online " @@ -6109,7 +6159,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4742 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4754 msgid "" "Governments allocate significant public funds to research. In parallel with " "the launch of Figshare, governments around the world began requesting the " @@ -6121,7 +6171,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4752 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4764 msgid "" "Figshare now offers a range of fee-based services to institutions, including " "their own minibranded Figshare space (called Figshare for Institutions) that " @@ -6133,7 +6183,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4762 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4774 msgid "" "As with researchers and publishers, Fig-share encouraged institutions to " "share their research with CC BY (Attribution) and their data with CC0 (into " @@ -6147,7 +6197,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4775 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4787 msgid "" "For Mark this created a conflict. On the one hand, the principles and " "benefits of open science are at the heart of Figshare, and Mark believes CC " @@ -6159,7 +6209,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4785 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4797 msgid "" "Mark is thinking of doing a Figshare study that tracks research " "dissemination according to Creative Commons license, and gathering metrics " @@ -6170,21 +6220,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4798 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4810 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://figshare.com/articles/" "Journal_subscription_costs_FOIs_to_UK_universities/1186832\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4801 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4813 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://retr0.shinyapps.io/journal_costs/?year=2014&" "inst=19,22,38,42,59,64,80,95,136\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4793 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4805 msgid "" "Figshare has an Application Programming Interface (API) that makes it " "possible for data to be pulled from Figshare and used in other applications. " @@ -6198,7 +6248,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4804 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4816 msgid "" "The free version of Figshare has built a community of academics, who through " "word of mouth and presentations have promoted and spread awareness of " @@ -6211,12 +6261,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4819 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4831 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://figshare.com/features\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4815 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4827 msgid "" "Mark says his success is partly about being in the right place at the right " "time. He also believes that the diversification of Figshare’s model over " @@ -6230,7 +6280,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4826 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4838 msgid "" "Today Figshare has 26 million–plus page views, 7.5 million–plus downloads, " "800,000–plus user uploads, 2 million–plus articles, 500,000-plus " @@ -6240,7 +6290,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4834 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4846 msgid "" "Figshare uses the revenue it generates from the premium subscribers, journal " "publishers, and institutions to fund and expand what it can offer to " @@ -6255,12 +6305,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4849 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4861 msgid "Figure.NZ" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4852 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4864 msgid "" "Figure.NZ is a nonprofit charity that makes an online data platform designed " "to make data reusable and easy to understand. Founded in 2012 in New " @@ -6268,37 +6318,37 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4857 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4869 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://figure.nz\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4859 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4871 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: platform providing paid " "services to creators, donations, sponsorships" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4862 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4874 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: May 3, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4864 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4876 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Lillian Grace, founder" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4873 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4885 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.nzdatafutures.org.nz/sites/default/files/" "NZDFF_harness-the-power.pdf\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4872 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4884 msgid "" "In the paper Harnessing the Economic and Social Power of Data presented at " "the New Zealand Data Futures Forum in 2014,<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" @@ -6319,20 +6369,20 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4891 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4903 msgid "" "Lillian had the idea for Figure.NZ in February 2012 while working for the " "New Zealand Institute, a think tank concerned with improving economic " "prosperity, social well-being, environmental quality, and environmental " "productivity for New Zealand and New Zealanders. While giving talks to " -"community and business groups, Lillian realized “every single issue we " +"community and business groups, Lillian realized <quote>every single issue we " "addressed would have been easier to deal with if more people understood the " -"basic facts.” But understanding the basic facts sometimes requires data and " -"research that you often have to pay for." +"basic facts.</quote> But understanding the basic facts sometimes requires " +"data and research that you often have to pay for." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4902 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4914 msgid "" "Lillian began to imagine a website that lifted data up to a visual form that " "could be easily understood and freely accessed. Initially launched as Wiki " @@ -6347,7 +6397,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4916 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4928 msgid "" "Here’s how it works. Figure.NZ sources data from other organizations, " "including corporations, public repositories, government departments, and " @@ -6365,14 +6415,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4942 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4954 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.ict.govt.nz/guidance-and-resources/open-government/" "new-zealand-government-open-access-and-licensing-nzgoal-framework/\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4933 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4945 msgid "" "Lillian characterizes the initial decision to use Creative Commons as " "naively fortunate. It was first recommended to her by a colleague. Lillian " @@ -6390,7 +6440,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4949 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4961 msgid "" "Lillian thinks current ideas of what a business is are relatively new, only " "a hundred years old or so. She’s convinced that twenty years from now, we " @@ -6405,7 +6455,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4962 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4974 msgid "" "Although Figure.NZ is a social enterprise that openly licenses their data " "and graphs for everyone to use for free, they have taken care not to be " @@ -6425,7 +6475,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4981 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4993 msgid "" "Figure.NZ spends a lot of time seeking to understand the motivations of data " "collectors and to identify the channels where it can provide value. Every " @@ -6434,7 +6484,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4987 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4999 msgid "" "Figure.NZ has multiple lines of business. They provide commercial services " "to organizations that want their data publicly available and want to use " @@ -6451,27 +6501,27 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5003 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5015 msgid "" "Lillian notes that the current state of most data is terrible and often not " "well understood by the people who have it. This sometimes makes it difficult " "for customers and Figure.NZ to figure out what it would cost to import, " "standardize, and display that data in a useful way. To deal with this, " -"Figure.NZ uses “high-trust contracts,” where customers allocate a certain " -"budget to the task that Figure.NZ is then free to draw from, as long as " -"Figure.NZ frequently reports on what they’ve produced so the customer can " -"determine the value for money. This strategy has helped build trust and " -"transparency about the level of effort associated with doing work that has " -"never been done before." +"Figure.NZ uses <quote>high-trust contracts,</quote> where customers allocate " +"a certain budget to the task that Figure.NZ is then free to draw from, as " +"long as Figure.NZ frequently reports on what they’ve produced so the " +"customer can determine the value for money. This strategy has helped build " +"trust and transparency about the level of effort associated with doing work " +"that has never been done before." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5021 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5034 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://figure.nz/business/\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5016 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5029 msgid "" "A second line of business is what Figure.NZ calls partners. ASB Bank and " "Statistics New Zealand are partners who back Figure.NZ’s efforts. As one " @@ -6481,12 +6531,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5024 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5037 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://figure.nz/patrons/\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5024 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5037 msgid "" "Figure.NZ also has patrons.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Patrons " "donate to topic areas they care about, directly enabling Figure.NZ to get " @@ -6495,7 +6545,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5030 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5043 msgid "" "Figure.NZ also accepts philanthropic donations, which are used to provide " "more content, extend technology, and improve services, or are targeted to " @@ -6504,7 +6554,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5036 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5049 msgid "" "Figure.NZ has morphed and grown over time. With data aggregation, curation, " "and visualizing services all in-house, Figure.NZ has developed a deep " @@ -6518,7 +6568,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5048 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5061 msgid "" "Figure.NZ’s website displays visuals and data associated with a wide range " "of categories including crime, economy, education, employment, energy, " @@ -6530,7 +6580,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5058 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5071 msgid "" "Figure.NZ believes data and visuals should be useful. They provide their " "customers with a data collection template and teach them why it’s important " @@ -6545,7 +6595,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5072 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5085 msgid "" "Lillian has a deep and profound vision for Figure.NZ that goes well beyond " "simply providing open-data services. She says things are different now. “We " @@ -6556,7 +6606,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5081 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5094 msgid "" "“But now we live in a world where it’s really easy to share information " "widely and also to communicate widely. In the world we live in now, the best " @@ -6564,7 +6614,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5087 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5100 msgid "" "“The use of numbers and data as a way of making well-informed decisions is " "one of the areas where there is the biggest gaps. We don’t really use " @@ -6572,7 +6622,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5093 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5106 msgid "" "“Part of the reason is the way data is spread across hundreds of sites. In " "addition, for the most part, deep thinking based on data is constrained to " @@ -6585,7 +6635,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5104 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5117 msgid "" "“Figure.NZ may be the first organization to assert that everyone can use " "numbers in their thinking, and it’s built a technological platform along " @@ -6594,33 +6644,34 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5111 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5124 msgid "" -"“Figure.NZ sees this as a new kind of alphabet that can help people analyze " -"what they see around them. A way to be thoughtful and informed about " +"<quote>Figure.NZ sees this as a new kind of alphabet that can help people " +"analyze what they see around them. A way to be thoughtful and informed about " "society. A means of engaging in conversation and shaping decision making " "that transcends personal experience. The long-term value and impact is " "almost impossible to measure, but the goal is to help citizens gain " -"understanding and work together in more informed ways to shape the future.”" +"understanding and work together in more informed ways to shape the future.</" +"quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5120 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5133 msgid "" "Lillian sees Figure.NZ’s model as having global potential. But for now, " "their focus is completely on making Figure.NZ work in New Zealand and to get " -"the “network effect”— users dramatically increasing value for themselves and " -"for others through use of their service. Creative Commons is core to making " -"the network effect possible." +"the <quote>network effect</quote>— users dramatically increasing value for " +"themselves and for others through use of their service. Creative Commons is " +"core to making the network effect possible." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5129 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5142 msgid "Knowledge Unlatched" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5132 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5145 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched is a not-for-profit community interest company that " "brings libraries together to pool funds to publish open-access books. " @@ -6628,32 +6679,32 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5137 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5150 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://knowledgeunlatched.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5139 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5152 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: crowdfunding " "(specialized)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5142 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5155 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 26, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5145 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5158 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Frances Pinter, founder" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5153 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5166 msgid "" -"The serial entrepreneur Dr. Frances Pinter has been at the forefront of " +"The serial entrepreneur Dr. Frances Pinter has been at the forefront of " "innovation in the publishing industry for nearly forty years. She founded " "the UK-based Knowledge Unlatched with a mission to enable open access to " "scholarly books. For Frances, the current scholarly- book-publishing system " @@ -6668,16 +6719,16 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5169 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5182 msgid "" -"Dr. Pinter has been in academic publishing most of her career. About ten " +"Dr. Pinter has been in academic publishing most of her career. About ten " "years ago, she became acquainted with the Creative Commons founder Lawrence " "Lessig and got interested in Creative Commons as a tool for both protecting " "content online and distributing it free to users." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5176 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5189 msgid "" "Not long after, she ran a project in Africa convincing publishers in Uganda " "and South Africa to put some of their content online for free using a " @@ -6686,7 +6737,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5182 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5195 msgid "" "In 2008, Bloomsbury Academic, a new imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing in the " "United Kingdom, appointed her its founding publisher in London. As part of " @@ -6704,18 +6755,18 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5199 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5212 msgid "" "Frances began to look at customer interest in the three forms of the book: " "1) the Creative Commons–licensed free online book in PDF form, 2) the " "printed book, and 3) a digital version of the book on an aggregator platform " -"with enhanced features. She thought of this as the “ice cream model”: the " -"free PDF was vanilla ice cream, the printed book was an ice cream cone, and " -"the enhanced e-book was an ice cream sundae." +"with enhanced features. She thought of this as the <quote>ice cream model</" +"quote>: the free PDF was vanilla ice cream, the printed book was an ice " +"cream cone, and the enhanced e-book was an ice cream sundae." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5208 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5221 msgid "" "After a while, Frances had an epiphany—what if there was a way to get " "libraries to underwrite the costs of making these books up until they’re " @@ -6726,17 +6777,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5217 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5230 msgid "" "This idea is similar to the article-processing charge some open-access " "journals charge researchers to cover publishing costs. Frances began to " -"imagine a coalition of libraries paying for the prepress costs—a “book-" -"processing charge”—and providing everyone in the world with an open-access " -"version of the books released under a Creative Commons license." +"imagine a coalition of libraries paying for the prepress costs—a <quote>book-" +"processing charge</quote>—and providing everyone in the world with an open-" +"access version of the books released under a Creative Commons license." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5225 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5238 msgid "" "This idea really took hold in her mind. She didn’t really have a name for it " "but began talking about it and making presentations to see if there was " @@ -6749,35 +6800,35 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5236 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5249 msgid "" "She describes the business model in a paper called Knowledge Unlatched: " "Toward an Open and Networked Future for Academic Publishing:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5243 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5256 msgid "" "Publishers offer titles for sale reflecting origination costs only via " "Knowledge Unlatched." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5249 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5262 msgid "" "Individual libraries select titles either as individual titles or as " "collections (as they do from library suppliers now)." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5255 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5268 msgid "" "Their selections are sent to Knowledge Unlatched specifying the titles to be " "purchased at the stated price(s)." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5261 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5274 msgid "" "The price, called a Title Fee (set by publishers and negotiated by Knowledge " "Unlatched), is paid to publishers to cover the fixed costs of publishing " @@ -6786,7 +6837,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5270 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5283 msgid "" "Publishers make the selected titles available Open Access (on a Creative " "Commons or similar open license) and are then paid the Title Fee which is " @@ -6794,12 +6845,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5280 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5293 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.pinter.org.uk/pdfs/Toward_an_Open.pdf\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5277 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5290 msgid "" "Publishers make print copies, e-Pub, and other digital versions of selected " "titles available to member libraries at a discount that reflects their " @@ -6808,7 +6859,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5285 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5298 msgid "" "The first round of this model resulted in a collection of twenty-eight " "current titles from thirteen recognized scholarly publishers being " @@ -6820,14 +6871,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5296 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5309 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://collections.knowledgeunlatched.org/collection-" "availability-1/\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5295 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5308 msgid "" "The open-access, Creative Commons versions of these twenty-eight books are " "still available online.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Most books " @@ -6841,7 +6892,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5306 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5319 msgid "" "There are three cost variables to consider for each round: the overall cost " "incurred by the publishers, total cost for each library to acquire all the " @@ -6854,7 +6905,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5318 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5331 msgid "" "The second round, recently completed, unlatched seventy-eight books from " "twenty-six publishers. For this round, Frances was experimenting with the " @@ -6870,7 +6921,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5333 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5346 msgid "" "The longest part of the whole process is getting libraries to pledge and " "commit funds. It takes about five months, as library buy-in has to fit " @@ -6878,7 +6929,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5339 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5352 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched informs and recruits libraries through social media, " "mailing lists, listservs, and library associations. Of the three hundred " @@ -6890,7 +6941,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5349 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5362 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched is scaling up, offering 150 new titles in the second " "half of 2016. It will also offer backlist titles, and in 2017 will start to " @@ -6898,7 +6949,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5354 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5367 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched deliberately chose monographs as the initial type of " "book to unlatch. Monographs are foundational and important, but also " @@ -6906,7 +6957,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5360 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5373 msgid "" "The cost for the publisher to get to a first digital copy of a monograph is " "$5,000 to $50,000. A good one costs in the $10,000 to $15,000 range. " @@ -6918,13 +6969,13 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5377 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5390 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.knowledgeunlatched.org/featured-authors-section/\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5370 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5383 msgid "" "Authors don’t generally make a lot of royalties from monographs. Royalties " "range from zero dollars to 5 to 10 percent of receipts. The value to the " @@ -6937,7 +6988,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5380 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5393 msgid "" "Library budgets are constantly being squeezed, partly due to the inflation " "of journal subscriptions. But even without budget constraints, academic " @@ -6949,7 +7000,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5391 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5404 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched offers libraries a compelling economic argument. Many of " "the participating libraries would have bought a copy of the monograph " @@ -6959,7 +7010,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5399 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5412 msgid "" "Not only do the economics make sense, but there is very strong alignment " "with library mandates. The participating libraries pay less than they would " @@ -6967,20 +7018,20 @@ msgid "" "libraries. While this means nonparticipating libraries could be seen as free " "riders, in the library world, wealthy libraries are used to paying more than " "poor libraries and accept that part of their money should be spent to " -"support open access. “Free ride” is more like community responsibility. By " -"the end of March 2016, the round-one books had been downloaded nearly eighty " -"thousand times in 175 countries." +"support open access. <quote>Free ride</quote> is more like community " +"responsibility. By the end of March 2016, the round-one books had been " +"downloaded nearly eighty thousand times in 175 countries." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5411 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5425 msgid "" "For publishers, authors, and librarians, the Knowledge Unlatched model for " "monographs is a win-win-win." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5415 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5429 msgid "" "In the first round, Knowledge Unlatched’s overheads were covered by grants. " "In the second round, they aim to demonstrate the model is sustainable. " @@ -6993,7 +7044,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5426 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5440 msgid "" "Frances believes that Knowledge Unlatched is tapping into new ways of " "valuing academic content. It’s about considering how many people can find, " @@ -7006,50 +7057,50 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5438 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5452 msgid "Lumen Learning" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5441 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5455 msgid "" "Lumen Learning is a for-profit company helping educational institutions use " "open educational resources (OER). Founded in 2013 in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5446 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5460 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://lumenlearning.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5448 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5462 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for custom " "services, grant funding" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5451 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5465 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: December 21, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5454 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5468 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: David Wiley and Kim " "Thanos, cofounders" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5468 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5482 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://lumenlearning.com/innovative-projects/\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5462 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5476 msgid "" -"Cofounded by open education visionary Dr. David Wiley and education-" +"Cofounded by open education visionary Dr. David Wiley and education-" "technology strategist Kim Thanos, Lumen Learning is dedicated to improving " "student success, bringing new ideas to pedagogy, and making education more " "affordable by facilitating adoption of open educational resources. In 2012, " @@ -7071,7 +7122,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5485 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5499 msgid "" "David and Kim went back and forth on whether it should be a nonprofit or " "for- profit. A nonprofit would make it a more comfortable fit with the " @@ -7083,7 +7134,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5495 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5509 msgid "" "But as a for-profit, they’d have to convince educational institutions to pay " "for what Lumen had to offer. On the positive side, they’d have more control " @@ -7094,7 +7145,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5504 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5518 msgid "" "Right from the start, David and Kim positioned Lumen Learning as a way to " "help institutions engage in open educational resources, or OER. OER are " @@ -7104,7 +7155,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5512 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5526 msgid "" "Originally, Lumen did custom contracts for each institution. This was " "complicated and challenging to manage. However, through that process " @@ -7119,33 +7170,33 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5528 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5542 msgid "replace expensive textbooks in high-enrollment courses with OER;" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5534 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5548 msgid "" "provide enrolled students day one access to Lumen’s fully customizable OER " "course materials through the institution’s learning-management system;" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5541 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5555 msgid "" "measure improvements in student success with metrics like passing rates, " "persistence, and course completion; and" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5547 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5561 msgid "" "collaborate with faculty to make ongoing improvements to OER based on " "student success research." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5553 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5567 msgid "" "Lumen has developed a suite of open, Creative Commons–licensed courseware in " "more than sixty-five subjects. All courses are freely and publicly available " @@ -7155,7 +7206,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5561 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5575 msgid "" "Then there are three types of bundled services that cost money. One option, " "which Lumen calls Candela courseware, offers integration with the " @@ -7165,7 +7216,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5569 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5583 msgid "" "A second option is Waymaker, which offers the services of Candela but adds " "personalized learning technologies, such as study plans, automated messages, " @@ -7174,7 +7225,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5576 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5590 msgid "" "The third and emerging line of business for Lumen is providing guidance and " "support for institutions and state systems that are pursuing the development " @@ -7185,7 +7236,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5585 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5599 msgid "" "Lumen generates revenue by charging for their value-added tools and services " "on top of their free courses, just as solar-power companies provide the " @@ -7203,7 +7254,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5602 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5616 msgid "" "In most cases, development of their courses is funded by the institution " "Lumen has a contract with. When creating new courses, Lumen typically works " @@ -7216,7 +7267,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5613 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5627 msgid "" "Sometimes faculty like the existing OER but not the way it is presented. The " "open licensing of existing OER allows Lumen to pick and choose from images, " @@ -7229,7 +7280,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5624 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5638 msgid "" "Using only OER made them experience firsthand how complex it could be to mix " "differently licensed work together. A common strategy with OER is to place " @@ -7239,7 +7290,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5632 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5646 msgid "" "Remixing OER often results in multiple attributions on every page of every " "course—text from one place, images from another, and videos from yet " @@ -7252,7 +7303,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5643 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5657 msgid "" "Lumen’s commitment to open licensing and helping low-income students has led " "to strong relationships with institutions, open-education enthusiasts, and " @@ -7262,7 +7313,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5651 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5665 msgid "" "To manage demand and ensure the success of projects, their strategy is to be " "proactive and focus on what’s going on in higher education in different " @@ -7276,7 +7327,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5664 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5678 msgid "" "As a business, Lumen is committed to openness. There are two core " "nonnegotiables: Lumen’s use of CC BY, the most permissive of the Creative " @@ -7288,7 +7339,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5674 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5688 msgid "" "Openness also means that Lumen’s OER must necessarily be nonexclusive and " "nonrivalrous. This represents several big challenges for the business model: " @@ -7300,7 +7351,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5684 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5698 msgid "" "In the OER sector, there are examples of corporations, and even " "institutions, acting as free riders. Some simply take and use open resources " @@ -7311,7 +7362,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5693 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5707 msgid "" "Lumen does track institutions accessing and using their free content. They " "proactively contact those institutions, with an estimate of how much their " @@ -7324,7 +7375,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5704 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5718 msgid "" "Lumen works hard to be a good corporate citizen in the OER community. For " "David and Kim, a good corporate citizen gives more than they take, adds " @@ -7335,7 +7386,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5713 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5727 msgid "" "Licensing all the content they produce with CC BY is a key part of giving " "more value than they take. They’ve also worked hard at finding the right " @@ -7344,7 +7395,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5719 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5733 msgid "" "As of the fall 2016 term, Lumen had eighty-six different open courses, " "working relationships with ninety-two institutions, and more than seventy-" @@ -7357,7 +7408,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5731 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5745 msgid "" "In creating Lumen Learning, David and Kim say they’ve landed on solutions " "they never imagined, and there is still a lot of learning taking place. For " @@ -7369,26 +7420,26 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5742 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5756 msgid "Jonathan Mann" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5745 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5759 msgid "" -"Jonathan Mann is a singer and songwriter who is most well known as the “Song " -"A Day” guy. Based in the U.S." +"Jonathan Mann is a singer and songwriter who is most well known as the " +"<quote>Song A Day</quote> guy. Based in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5748 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5762 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://jonathanmann.net\"/> and <ulink url=\"http://" "jonathanmann.bandcamp.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5751 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5765 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for custom " "services, pay-what-you-want, crowdfunding (subscription-based), charging for " @@ -7396,25 +7447,26 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5756 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5770 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 22, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5764 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5778 msgid "" -"Jonathan Mann thinks of his business model as “hustling”—seizing nearly " -"every opportunity he sees to make money. The bulk of his income comes from " -"writing songs under commission for people and companies, but he has a wide " -"variety of income sources. He has supporters on the crowdfunding site " -"Patreon. He gets advertising revenue from YouTube and Bandcamp, where he " -"posts all of his music. He gives paid speaking engagements about creativity " -"and motivation. He has been hired by major conferences to write songs " -"summarizing what speakers have said in the conference sessions." +"Jonathan Mann thinks of his business model as <quote>hustling</quote>—" +"seizing nearly every opportunity he sees to make money. The bulk of his " +"income comes from writing songs under commission for people and companies, " +"but he has a wide variety of income sources. He has supporters on the " +"crowdfunding site Patreon. He gets advertising revenue from YouTube and " +"Bandcamp, where he posts all of his music. He gives paid speaking " +"engagements about creativity and motivation. He has been hired by major " +"conferences to write songs summarizing what speakers have said in the " +"conference sessions." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5775 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5790 msgid "" "His entrepreneurial spirit is coupled with a willingness to take action " "quickly. A perfect illustration of his ability to act fast happened in 2010, " @@ -7427,16 +7479,16 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5786 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5801 msgid "" -"Jonathan’s successful “hustling” is also about old-fashioned persistence. He " -"is currently in his eighth straight year of writing one song each day. He " -"holds the Guinness World Record for consecutive daily songwriting, and he is " -"widely known as the “song-a-day guy.”" +"Jonathan’s successful <quote>hustling</quote> is also about old-fashioned " +"persistence. He is currently in his eighth straight year of writing one song " +"each day. He holds the Guinness World Record for consecutive daily " +"songwriting, and he is widely known as the <quote>song-a-day guy.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5793 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5808 msgid "" "He fell into this role by, naturally, seizing a random opportunity a friend " "alerted him to seven years ago—an event called Fun-A-Day, where people are " @@ -7448,7 +7500,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5803 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5818 msgid "" "He had a really good time doing the thirty-one-day challenge, so he decided " "to see if he could continue it for one year. He never stopped. He has " @@ -7465,7 +7517,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5819 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5834 msgid "" "Over time, the song-a-day gig became the basis of his livelihood. In the " "beginning, he made money one of two ways. The first was by entering a wide " @@ -7476,75 +7528,77 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5828 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5843 msgid "" -"His website explains his gig as “taking any message, from the super simple " -"to the totally complicated, and conveying that message through a heartfelt, " -"fun and quirky song.” He charges $500 to create a produced song and $300 for " -"an acoustic song. He has been hired for product launches, weddings, " -"conferences, and even Kickstarter campaigns like the one that funded the " -"production of this book." +"His website explains his gig as <quote>taking any message, from the super " +"simple to the totally complicated, and conveying that message through a " +"heartfelt, fun and quirky song.</quote> He charges $500 to create a produced " +"song and $300 for an acoustic song. He has been hired for product launches, " +"weddings, conferences, and even Kickstarter campaigns like the one that " +"funded the production of this book." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5837 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5852 msgid "" "Jonathan can’t recall when exactly he first learned about Creative Commons, " "but he began applying CC licenses to his songs and videos as soon as he " -"discovered the option. “CC seems like such a no-brainer,” Jonathan said. “I " -"don’t understand how anything else would make sense. It seems like such an " -"obvious thing that you would want your work to be able to be shared.”" +"discovered the option. <quote>CC seems like such a no-brainer,</quote> " +"Jonathan said. <quote>I don’t understand how anything else would make sense. " +"It seems like such an obvious thing that you would want your work to be able " +"to be shared.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5845 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5861 msgid "" "His songs are essentially marketing for his services, so obviously the " "further his songs spread, the better. Using CC licenses helps grease the " "wheels, letting people know that Jonathan allows and encourages them to " -"copy, interact with, and remix his music. “If you let someone cover your " -"song or remix it or use parts of it, that’s how music is supposed to work,” " -"Jonathan said. “That is how music has worked since the beginning of time. " -"Our me-me, mine-mine culture has undermined that.”" +"copy, interact with, and remix his music. <quote>If you let someone cover " +"your song or remix it or use parts of it, that’s how music is supposed to " +"work,</quote> Jonathan said. <quote>That is how music has worked since the " +"beginning of time. Our me-me, mine-mine culture has undermined that.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5855 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5871 msgid "" "There are some people who cover his songs fairly regularly, and he would " "never shut that down. But he acknowledges there is a lot more he could do to " -"build community. “There is all of this conventional wisdom about how to " -"build an audience online, and I generally think I don’t do any of that,” " -"Jonathan said." +"build community. <quote>There is all of this conventional wisdom about how " +"to build an audience online, and I generally think I don’t do any of that,</" +"quote> Jonathan said." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5862 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5878 msgid "" "He does have a fan community he cultivates on Bandcamp, but it isn’t his " -"major focus. “I do have a core audience that has stuck around for a really " -"long time, some even longer than I’ve been doing song-a-day,” he said. " -"“There is also a transitional aspect that drop in and get what they need and " -"then move on.” Focusing less on community building than other artists makes " -"sense given Jonathan’s primary income source of writing custom songs for " -"clients." +"major focus. <quote>I do have a core audience that has stuck around for a " +"really long time, some even longer than I’ve been doing song-a-day,</quote> " +"he said. <quote>There is also a transitional aspect that drop in and get " +"what they need and then move on.</quote> Focusing less on community building " +"than other artists makes sense given Jonathan’s primary income source of " +"writing custom songs for clients." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5872 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5888 msgid "" "Jonathan recognizes what comes naturally to him and leverages those skills. " "Through the practice of daily songwriting, he realized he has a gift for " "distilling complicated subjects into simple concepts and putting them to " -"music. In his song “How to Choose a Master Password,” Jonathan explained the " -"process of creating a secure password in a silly, simple song. He was hired " -"to write the song by a client who handed him a long technical blog post from " -"which to draw the information. Like a good (and rare) journalist, he " -"translated the technical concepts into something understandable." +"music. In his song <quote>How to Choose a Master Password,</quote> Jonathan " +"explained the process of creating a secure password in a silly, simple song. " +"He was hired to write the song by a client who handed him a long technical " +"blog post from which to draw the information. Like a good (and rare) " +"journalist, he translated the technical concepts into something " +"understandable." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5884 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5900 msgid "" "When he is hired by a client to write a song, he first asks them to send a " "list of talking points and other information they want to include in the " @@ -7553,14 +7607,15 @@ msgid "" "thing he tries to do is grok the core message and develop the chorus. Then " "he looks for connections or parts he can make rhyme. The entire process " "really does resemble good journalism, but of course the final product of his " -"work is a song rather than news. “There is something about being challenged " -"and forced to take information that doesn’t seem like it should be sung " -"about or doesn’t seem like it lends itself to a song,” he said. “I find that " -"creative challenge really satisfying. I enjoy getting lost in that process.”" +"work is a song rather than news. <quote>There is something about being " +"challenged and forced to take information that doesn’t seem like it should " +"be sung about or doesn’t seem like it lends itself to a song,</quote> he " +"said. <quote>I find that creative challenge really satisfying. I enjoy " +"getting lost in that process.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5899 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5916 msgid "" "Jonathan admits that in an ideal world, he would exclusively write the music " "he wanted to write, rather than what clients hire him to write. But his " @@ -7569,21 +7624,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5906 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5923 msgid "" "Jonathan uses nearly every tool possible to make money from his art, but he " "does have lines he won’t cross. He won’t write songs about things he " "fundamentally does not believe in, and there are times he has turned down " -"jobs on principle. He also won’t stray too much from his natural style. “My " -"style is silly, so I can’t really accommodate people who want something " -"super serious,” Jonathan said. “I do what I do very easily, and it’s part of " -"who I am.” Jonathan hasn’t gotten into writing commercials for the same " -"reasons; he is best at using his own unique style rather than mimicking " -"others." +"jobs on principle. He also won’t stray too much from his natural style. " +"<quote>My style is silly, so I can’t really accommodate people who want " +"something super serious,</quote> Jonathan said. <quote>I do what I do very " +"easily, and it’s part of who I am.</quote> Jonathan hasn’t gotten into " +"writing commercials for the same reasons; he is best at using his own unique " +"style rather than mimicking others." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5918 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5935 msgid "" "Jonathan’s song-a-day commitment exemplifies the power of habit and grit. " "Conventional wisdom about creative productivity, including advice in books " @@ -7594,7 +7649,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5927 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5944 msgid "" "When he speaks about his work, he talks about how much the song-a-day " "process has changed him. Rather than seeing any given piece of work as " @@ -7604,7 +7659,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5934 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5951 msgid "" "Jonathan seems to have this mentality about his career more generally. He is " "constantly experimenting with ways to make a living while sharing his work " @@ -7614,20 +7669,20 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5942 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5958 msgid "" -"“Success feels like it’s over,” he said. “To a certain extent, a creative " -"person is not ever going to feel completely satisfied because then so much " -"of what drives you would be gone.”" +"<quote>Success feels like it’s over,</quote> he said. <quote>To a certain " +"extent, a creative person is not ever going to feel completely satisfied " +"because then so much of what drives you would be gone.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5948 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5965 msgid "Noun Project" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5951 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5968 msgid "" "The Noun Project is a for-profit company offering an online platform to " "display visual icons from a global network of designers. Founded in 2010 in " @@ -7635,30 +7690,30 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5956 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5973 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://thenounproject.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5958 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5975 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging a transaction " "fee, charging for custom services" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5961 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5978 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: October 6, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5964 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5981 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Edward Boatman, cofounder" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5972 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5989 msgid "" "The Noun Project creates and shares visual language. There are millions who " "use Noun Project symbols to simplify communication across borders, " @@ -7666,7 +7721,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5977 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5994 msgid "" "The original idea for the Noun Project came to cofounder Edward Boatman " "while he was a student in architecture design school. He’d always done a lot " @@ -7677,7 +7732,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5985 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6002 msgid "" "When Edward went on to work at an architecture firm, he had to make a lot of " "presentation boards for clients. But finding high-quality sources for " @@ -7687,7 +7742,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5993 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6010 msgid "" "With his partner, Sofya Polyakov, he began collecting symbols for a website " "and writing a business plan. Inspiration came from the book Professor and " @@ -7697,14 +7752,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6004 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6021 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.kickstarter.com/projects/tnp/building-a-free-" "collection-of-our-worlds-visual-sy/description\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6001 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6018 msgid "" "Then Edward got laid off during the recession, which turned out to be a huge " "catalyst. He decided to give his idea a go, and in 2010 Edward and Sofya " @@ -7716,17 +7771,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6010 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6027 msgid "" "They created a platform where symbols and icons could be uploaded, and " "Edward began recruiting talented designers to contribute their designs, a " "process he describes as a relatively easy sell. Lots of designers have old " -"drawings just gathering “digital dust” on their hard drives. It’s easy to " -"convince them to finally share them with the world." +"drawings just gathering <quote>digital dust</quote> on their hard drives. " +"It’s easy to convince them to finally share them with the world." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6018 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6035 msgid "" "The Noun Project currently has about seven thousand designers from around " "the world. But not all submissions are accepted. The Noun Project’s quality-" @@ -7737,7 +7792,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6027 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6044 msgid "" "Creative Commons is an integral part of the Noun Project’s business model; " "this decision was inspired by Chris Anderson’s book Free: The Future of " @@ -7746,7 +7801,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6034 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6051 msgid "" "Edward knew he wanted to offer a free visual language while still providing " "some protection and reward for its contributors. There is a tension between " @@ -7761,7 +7816,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6048 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6065 msgid "" "Noun Project’s business model and means of generating revenue have evolved " "significantly over time. Their initial plan was to sell T-shirts with the " @@ -7769,11 +7824,12 @@ msgid "" "get a lot of email from people saying they loved the icons but asking if " "they could pay a fee instead of giving attribution. Ad agencies (among " "others) wanted to keep marketing and presentation materials clean and free " -"of attribution statements. For Edward, “That’s when our lightbulb went off.”" +"of attribution statements. For Edward, <quote>That’s when our lightbulb went " +"off.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6058 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6076 msgid "" "They asked their global network of designers whether they’d be open to " "receiving modest remuneration instead of attribution. Designers saw it as a " @@ -7783,7 +7839,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6065 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6083 msgid "" "The Noun Project first adopted a model whereby using an icon without giving " "attribution would cost $1.99 per icon. The model’s second iteration added a " @@ -7799,7 +7855,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6079 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6097 msgid "" "Customers then began asking for an application-programming interface (API), " "which would allow Noun Project icons and symbols to be directly accessed " @@ -7808,13 +7864,13 @@ msgid "" "know all of them in advance, so they built an API with a lot of " "flexibility. Knowing that most API applications would want to use the icons " "without giving attribution, the API was built with the aim of charging for " -"its use. You can use what’s called the “Playground API” for free to test how " -"it integrates with your application, but full implementation will require " -"you to purchase the API Pro version." +"its use. You can use what’s called the <quote>Playground API</quote> for " +"free to test how it integrates with your application, but full " +"implementation will require you to purchase the API Pro version." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6093 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6111 msgid "" "The Noun Project shares revenue with its international designers. For one-" "off purchases, the revenue is split 70 percent to the designer and 30 " @@ -7822,7 +7878,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6098 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6116 msgid "" "The revenue from premium purchases (the subscription and API options) is " "split a little differently. At the end of each month, the total revenue from " @@ -7835,14 +7891,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6110 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6182 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6128 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6200 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://thenounproject.com/handbook/royalties/#getting_paid\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6109 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6127 msgid "" "The Noun Project tries to be completely transparent about their royalty " "structure.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> They tend to over " @@ -7851,7 +7907,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6114 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6132 msgid "" "For most creators, contributing to the Noun Project is not a full-time job " "but something they do on the side. Edward categorizes monthly earnings for " @@ -7860,7 +7916,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6121 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6139 msgid "" "Recently the Noun Project launched a new app called Lingo. Designers can " "use Lingo to organize not just their Noun Project icons and symbols but also " @@ -7875,7 +7931,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6135 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6153 msgid "" "The Noun Project gives a ton of value away for free. A very large percentage " "of their roughly one million members have a free account, but there are " @@ -7885,15 +7941,16 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6142 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6160 msgid "" -"For Edward, “creating, sharing, and celebrating the world’s visual language” " -"is the most important aspect of what they do; it’s their stated mission. It " -"differentiates them from others who offer graphics, icons, or clip art." +"For Edward, <quote>creating, sharing, and celebrating the world’s visual " +"language</quote> is the most important aspect of what they do; it’s their " +"stated mission. It differentiates them from others who offer graphics, " +"icons, or clip art." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6148 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6166 msgid "" "Noun Project creators agree. When surveyed on why they participate in the " "Noun Project, this is how designers rank their reasons: 1) to support the " @@ -7904,7 +7961,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6157 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6175 msgid "" "In Edward’s view, Creative Commons is central to their mission of sharing " "and social good. Using Creative Commons makes the Noun Project’s mission " @@ -7913,19 +7970,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6164 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6182 msgid "" -"Edward told us, “Don’t underestimate the power of a passionate community " -"around your product or your business. They are going to go to bat for you " -"when you’re getting ripped in the media. If you go down the road of choosing " -"to work with Creative Commons, you’re taking the first step to building a " -"great community and tapping into a really awesome community that comes with " -"it. But you need to continue to foster that community through other " -"initiatives and continue to nurture it.”" +"Edward told us, <quote>Don’t underestimate the power of a passionate " +"community around your product or your business. They are going to go to bat " +"for you when you’re getting ripped in the media. If you go down the road of " +"choosing to work with Creative Commons, you’re taking the first step to " +"building a great community and tapping into a really awesome community that " +"comes with it. But you need to continue to foster that community through " +"other initiatives and continue to nurture it.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6174 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6192 msgid "" "The Noun Project nurtures their creators’ second motivation—promoting a " "personal brand—by connecting every icon and symbol to the creator’s name and " @@ -7934,7 +7991,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6181 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6199 msgid "" "The Noun Project also builds community through Iconathons—hackathons for " "icons.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> In partnership with a " @@ -7946,7 +8003,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6190 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6208 msgid "" "Providing a free version of their product that satisfies a lot of their " "customers’ needs has actually enabled the Noun Project to build the paid " @@ -7958,12 +8015,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6201 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6219 msgid "Open Data Institute" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6204 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6222 msgid "" "The Open Data Institute is an independent nonprofit that connects, equips, " "and inspires people around the world to innovate with data. Founded in 2012 " @@ -7971,31 +8028,31 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6209 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6227 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://theodi.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6211 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6229 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: grant and government " "funding, charging for custom services, donations" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6214 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6232 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: November 11, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6217 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6235 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Jeni Tennison, technical " "director" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6225 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6243 msgid "" "Cofounded by Sir Tim Berners-Lee and Sir Nigel Shadbolt in 2012, the London-" "based Open Data Institute (ODI) offers data-related training, events, " @@ -8007,7 +8064,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6235 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6253 msgid "" "Data underpins planning and decision making across all aspects of society. " "Weather data helps farmers know when to plant their crops, flight time data " @@ -8021,7 +8078,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6247 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6265 msgid "" "The Open Data Institute’s 2012–17 business plan starts out by describing its " "vision to establish itself as a world-leading center and to research and be " @@ -8031,49 +8088,49 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6257 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6275 msgid "" "demonstrate the commercial value of open government data and how open-data " "policies affect this;" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6263 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6281 msgid "develop the economic benefits case and business models for open data;" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6269 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6287 msgid "help UK businesses use open data; and" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6274 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6292 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://e642e8368e3bf8d5526e-464b4b70b4554c1a79566214d402739e.r6." "cf3.rackcdn.com/odi-business-plan-may-release.pdf\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6274 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6292 msgid "" "show how open data can improve public services.<placeholder type=\"footnote" "\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6279 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6297 msgid "" "ODI is very explicit about how it wants to make open business models, and " "defining what this means. Jeni Tennison, ODI’s technical director, puts it " -"this way: “There is a whole ecosystem of open—open-source software, open " -"government, open-access research—and a whole ecosystem of data. ODI’s work " -"cuts across both, with an emphasis on where they overlap—with open data.” " -"ODI’s particular focus is to show open data’s potential for revenue." +"this way: <quote>There is a whole ecosystem of open—open-source software, " +"open government, open-access research—and a whole ecosystem of data. ODI’s " +"work cuts across both, with an emphasis on where they overlap—with open data." +"</quote> ODI’s particular focus is to show open data’s potential for revenue." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6289 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6307 msgid "" "As an independent nonprofit, ODI secured £10 million over five years from " "the UK government via Innovate UK, an agency that promotes innovation in " @@ -8083,7 +8140,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6297 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6315 msgid "" "Jeni started out as a developer and technical architect for data.gov.uk, the " "UK government’s pioneering open-data initiative. She helped make data sets " @@ -8093,7 +8150,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6304 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6322 msgid "" "ODI strives to have half its annual budget come from the core UK government " "and Omidyar grants, and the other half from project-based research and " @@ -8103,19 +8160,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6312 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6330 msgid "" "On the commercial side, ODI generates funding through memberships, training, " "and advisory services." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6327 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6345 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://directory.theodi.org/members\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6316 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6334 msgid "" "You can join the ODI as an individual or commercial member. Individual " "membership is pay-what-you-can, with options ranging from £1 to £100. " @@ -8130,7 +8187,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6330 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6348 msgid "" "ODI provides standardized open data training courses in which anyone can " "enroll. The initial idea was to offer an intensive and academically oriented " @@ -8138,14 +8195,14 @@ msgid "" "that. Instead, they offered a five-day-long public training course, which " "has subsequently been reduced to three days; now the most popular course is " "one day long. The fee, in addition to the time commitment, can be a barrier " -"for participation. Jeni says, “Most of the people who would be able to pay " -"don’t know they need it. Most who know they need it can’t pay.” Public-" -"sector organizations sometimes give vouchers to their employees so they can " -"attend as a form of professional development." +"for participation. Jeni says, <quote>Most of the people who would be able to " +"pay don’t know they need it. Most who know they need it can’t pay.</quote> " +"Public-sector organizations sometimes give vouchers to their employees so " +"they can attend as a form of professional development." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6344 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6362 msgid "" "ODI customizes training for clients as well, for which there is more demand. " "Custom training usually emerges through an established relationship with an " @@ -8156,7 +8213,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6353 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6371 msgid "" "Education about open data is also a part of ODI’s annual summit event, where " "curated presentations and speakers showcase the work of ODI and its members " @@ -8166,7 +8223,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6361 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6379 msgid "" "In addition to memberships and training, ODI provides advisory services to " "help with technical-data support, technology development, change management, " @@ -8177,13 +8234,13 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6370 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6388 msgid "" "On the commercial side, the following value propositions seem to resonate:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6376 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6394 msgid "" "Data-driven insights. Businesses need data from outside their business to " "get more insight. Businesses can generate value and more effectively pursue " @@ -8191,7 +8248,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6384 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6402 msgid "" "Open innovation. Many large-scale enterprises are aware they don’t innovate " "very well. One way they can innovate is to open up their data. ODI " @@ -8201,7 +8258,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6393 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6411 msgid "" "Corporate social responsibility. While this resonates with businesses, ODI " "cautions against having it be the sole reason for making data open. If a " @@ -8210,18 +8267,18 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6402 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6420 msgid "" "During their early years, ODI wanted to focus solely on the United Kingdom. " "But in their first year, large delegations of government visitors from over " "fifty countries wanted to learn more about the UK government’s open-data " "practices and how ODI saw that translating into economic value. They were " "contracted as a service provider to international governments, which " -"prompted a need to set up international ODI “nodes.”" +"prompted a need to set up international ODI <quote>nodes.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6411 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6429 msgid "" "Nodes are franchises of the ODI at a regional or city level. Hosted by " "existing (for-profit or not-for-profit) organizations, they operate locally " @@ -8234,14 +8291,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6425 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6443 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://theodi.org/odi-startup-programme\"/>; <ulink url=" "\"http://theodi.org/open-data-incubator-for-europe\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6423 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6441 msgid "" "ODI also runs programs to help start-ups in the UK and across Europe develop " "a sustainable business around open data, offering mentoring, advice, " @@ -8249,7 +8306,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6429 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6447 msgid "" "A big part of ODI’s business model revolves around community building. " "Memberships, training, summits, consulting services, nodes, and start-up " @@ -8260,12 +8317,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6443 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6461 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://certificates.theodi.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6438 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6456 msgid "" "ODI has created an online tool that organizations can use to assess the " "legal, practical, technical, and social aspects of their open data. If it is " @@ -8276,7 +8333,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6446 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6464 msgid "" "Separate from commercial activities, the ODI generates funding through " "research grants. Research includes looking at evidence on the impact of open " @@ -8285,16 +8342,16 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6452 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6470 msgid "" "Creative Commons 4.0 licenses cover database rights and ODI recommends CC " "BY, CC BY-SA, and CC0 for data releases. ODI encourages publishers of data " -"to use Creative Commons licenses rather than creating new “open licenses” of " -"their own." +"to use Creative Commons licenses rather than creating new <quote>open " +"licenses</quote> of their own." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6458 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6477 msgid "" "For ODI, open is at the heart of what they do. They also release any " "software code they produce under open-source-software licenses, and " @@ -8308,12 +8365,12 @@ msgid "" "people pay for the advice ODI gives them, not for the methodologies they " "use. Producing open content, data, and source code helps establish " "credibility and creates leads for the paid services that they offer. " -"According to Jeni, “The biggest lesson we have learned is that it is " -"completely possible to be open, get customers, and make money.”" +"According to Jeni, <quote>The biggest lesson we have learned is that it is " +"completely possible to be open, get customers, and make money.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6476 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6495 msgid "" "To serve as evidence of a successful open business model and return on " "investment, ODI has a public dashboard of key performance indicators. Here " @@ -8321,7 +8378,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6484 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6503 msgid "" "Total amount of cash investments unlocked in direct investments in ODI, " "competition funding, direct contracts, and partnerships, and income that ODI " @@ -8330,46 +8387,46 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6492 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6511 msgid "Total number of active members and nodes across the globe: 1,350" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6498 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6517 msgid "Total sales since ODI began: £7.44 million" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6503 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6522 msgid "" "Total number of unique people reached since ODI began, in person and online: " "2.2 million" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6509 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6528 msgid "Total Open Data Certificates created: 151,000" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6515 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6534 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://dashboards.theodi.org/company/all\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6514 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6533 msgid "" "Total number of people trained by ODI and its nodes since ODI began: " "5,080<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6521 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6540 msgid "OpenDesk" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6524 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6543 msgid "" "Opendesk is a for-profit company offering an online platform that connects " "furniture designers around the world with customers and local makers who " @@ -8377,32 +8434,32 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6530 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6549 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.opendesk.cc\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6532 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8947 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6551 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8982 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging a transaction " "fee" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6535 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6554 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: November 4, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6538 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6557 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: Nick Ierodiaconou and " "Joni Steiner, cofounders" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6546 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6565 msgid "" "Opendesk is an online platform that connects furniture designers around the " "world not just with customers but also with local registered makers who " @@ -8411,7 +8468,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6552 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6571 msgid "" "Cofounders Nick Ierodiaconou and Joni Steiner studied and worked as " "architects together. They also made goods. Their first client was Mint " @@ -8419,17 +8476,17 @@ msgid "" "digital fabrication, and Mint’s interest in open licensing got them to " "thinking how the open-source world may interact and apply to physical goods. " "They sought to design something for their client that was also reproducible. " -"As they put it, they decided to “ship the recipe, but not the goods.” They " -"created the design using software, put it under an open license, and had it " -"manufactured locally near the client. This was the start of the idea for " -"Opendesk. The idea for Wikihouse—another open project dedicated to " +"As they put it, they decided to <quote>ship the recipe, but not the goods.</" +"quote> They created the design using software, put it under an open license, " +"and had it manufactured locally near the client. This was the start of the " +"idea for Opendesk. The idea for Wikihouse—another open project dedicated to " "accessible housing for all—started as discussions around the same table. The " "two projects ultimately went on separate paths, with Wikihouse becoming a " "nonprofit foundation and Opendesk a for-profit company." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6569 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6588 msgid "" "When Nick and Joni set out to create Opendesk, there were a lot of questions " "about the viability of distributed manufacturing. No one was doing it in a " @@ -8438,7 +8495,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6576 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6595 msgid "" "And now this sector is emerging, and Nick and Joni are highly interested in " "the commercialization aspects of it. As part of coming up with a business " @@ -8451,7 +8508,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6587 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6606 msgid "" "When designing the Opendesk system, they had two goals. They wanted anyone, " "anywhere in the world, to be able to download designs so that they could be " @@ -8461,7 +8518,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6594 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6613 msgid "" "They gave a lot of thought to three angles—the potential for social sharing, " "allowing designers to choose their license, and the impact these choices " @@ -8469,7 +8526,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6599 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6618 msgid "" "In support of social sharing, Opendesk actively advocates for (but doesn’t " "demand) open licensing. And Nick and Joni are agnostic about which Creative " @@ -8479,21 +8536,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6610 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6630 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.opendesk.cc/designers\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6607 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6626 msgid "" "For the most part, designers love the idea of sharing content. They " "understand that you get positive feedback when you’re attributed, what Nick " -"and Joni called “reputational glow.” And Opendesk does an awesome job " -"profiling the designers.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"and Joni called <quote>reputational glow.</quote> And Opendesk does an " +"awesome job profiling the designers.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6613 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6633 msgid "" "While designers are largely OK with personal sharing, there is a concern " "that someone will take the design and manufacture the furniture in bulk, " @@ -8502,7 +8559,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6620 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6640 msgid "" "Anyone can download a design and make it themselves, provided it’s for " "noncommercial use — and there have been many, many downloads. Or users can " @@ -8514,25 +8571,25 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6637 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6657 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.opendesk.cc/open-making/makers/\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6630 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6650 msgid "" "Makers benefit from being part of Opendesk’s network. Making furniture for " "local customers is paid work, and Opendesk generates business for them. Joni " -"said, “Finding a whole network and community of makers was pretty easy " +"said, <quote>Finding a whole network and community of makers was pretty easy " "because we built a site where people could write in about their " "capabilities. Building the community by learning from the maker community is " -"how we have moved forward.” Opendesk now has relationships with hundreds of " -"makers in countries all around the world.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" -"\"0\"/>" +"how we have moved forward.</quote> Opendesk now has relationships with " +"hundreds of makers in countries all around the world.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6640 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6660 msgid "" "The makers are a critical part of the Opendesk business model. Their model " "builds off the makers’ quotes. Here’s how it’s expressed on Opendesk’s " @@ -8540,14 +8597,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6645 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6665 msgid "" "When customers buy an Opendesk product directly from a registered maker, " "they pay:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6651 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6671 msgid "" "the manufacturing cost as set by the maker (this covers material and labour " "costs for the product to be manufactured and any extra assembly costs " @@ -8555,14 +8612,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6658 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6678 msgid "" "a design fee for the designer (a design fee that is paid to the designer " "every time their design is used)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6664 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6684 msgid "" "a percentage fee to the Opendesk platform (this supports the infrastructure " "and ongoing development of the platform that helps us build out our " @@ -8570,7 +8627,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6671 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6691 msgid "" "a percentage fee to the channel through which the sale is made (at the " "moment this is Opendesk, but in the future we aim to open this up to third-" @@ -8579,14 +8636,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6680 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6700 msgid "" "a local delivery service charge (the delivery is typically charged by the " "maker, but in some cases may be paid to a third-party delivery partner)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6687 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6707 msgid "" "charges for any additional services the customer chooses, such as on-site " "assembly (additional services are discretionary—in many cases makers will be " @@ -8595,24 +8652,24 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6696 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6716 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.opendesk.cc/open-making/join\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6695 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6715 msgid "" "local sales taxes (variable by customer and maker location)<placeholder type=" "\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6701 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6721 msgid "They then go into detail how makers’ quotes are created:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6704 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6724 msgid "" "When a customer wants to buy an Opendesk . . . they are provided with a " "transparent breakdown of fees including the manufacturing cost, design fee, " @@ -8625,34 +8682,34 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6717 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6737 msgid "" "manufacturing cost: fabrication, finishing and any other costs as set by the " "maker (excluding any services like delivery or on-site assembly)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6724 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6744 msgid "design fee: 8 percent of the manufacturing cost" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6729 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6749 msgid "platform fee: 12 percent of the manufacturing cost" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6734 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6754 msgid "channel fee: 18 percent of the manufacturing cost" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6739 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6759 msgid "sales tax: as applicable (depends on product and location)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6744 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6764 msgid "" "Opendesk shares revenue with their community of designers. According to " "Nick and Joni, a typical designer fee is around 2.5 percent, so Opendesk’s 8 " @@ -8660,7 +8717,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6750 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6770 msgid "" "The Opendesk website features stories of designers and makers. Denis Fuzii " "published the design for the Valovi Chair from his studio in São Paulo. His " @@ -8670,7 +8727,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6758 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6778 msgid "" "To manage resources and remain effective, Opendesk has so far focused on a " "very narrow niche—primarily office furniture of a certain simple aesthetic, " @@ -8681,17 +8738,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6767 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6787 msgid "" -"On their website, Opendesk describes what they do as “open making”: " -"“Designers get a global distribution channel. Makers get profitable jobs and " -"new customers. You get designer products without the designer price tag, a " -"more social, eco-friendly alternative to mass-production and an affordable " -"way to buy custom-made products.”" +"On their website, Opendesk describes what they do as <quote>open making</" +"quote>: <quote>Designers get a global distribution channel. Makers get " +"profitable jobs and new customers. You get designer products without the " +"designer price tag, a more social, eco-friendly alternative to mass-" +"production and an affordable way to buy custom-made products.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6775 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6795 msgid "" "Nick and Joni say that customers like the fact that the furniture has a " "known provenance. People really like that their furniture was designed by a " @@ -8701,24 +8758,24 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6788 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6808 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://openmaking.is\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6783 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6803 msgid "" "Nick and Joni are taking a community-based approach to define and evolve " -"Opendesk and the “open making” business model. They’re engaging thought " -"leaders and practitioners to define this new movement. They have a separate " -"Open Making site, which includes a manifesto, a field guide, and an " -"invitation to get involved in the Open Making community.<placeholder type=" -"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> People can submit ideas and discuss the principles " -"and business practices they’d like to see used." +"Opendesk and the <quote>open making</quote> business model. They’re " +"engaging thought leaders and practitioners to define this new movement. They " +"have a separate Open Making site, which includes a manifesto, a field guide, " +"and an invitation to get involved in the Open Making community.<placeholder " +"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> People can submit ideas and discuss the " +"principles and business practices they’d like to see used." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6792 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6812 msgid "" "Nick and Joni talked a lot with us about intellectual property (IP) and " "commercialization. Many of their designers fear the idea that someone could " @@ -8728,29 +8785,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6800 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6820 msgid "" "Opendesk established a set of principles for what their community considers " "commercial and noncommercial use. Their website states:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6804 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6824 msgid "It is unambiguously commercial use when anyone:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6809 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6829 msgid "charges a fee or makes a profit when making an Opendesk" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6814 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6834 msgid "sells (or bases a commercial service on) an Opendesk" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6819 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6839 msgid "" "It follows from this that noncommercial use is when you make an Opendesk " "yourself, with no intention to gain commercial advantage or monetary " @@ -8758,28 +8815,28 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6827 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6847 msgid "" "you are an individual with your own CNC machine, or access to a shared CNC " "machine, and will personally cut and make a few pieces of furniture yourself" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6834 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6854 msgid "" "you are a student (or teacher) and you use the design files for educational " "purposes or training (and do not intend to sell the resulting pieces)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6841 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6861 msgid "" "you work for a charity and get furniture cut by volunteers, or by employees " "at a fab lab or maker space" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6847 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6867 msgid "" "Whether or not people technically are doing things that implicate IP, Nick " "and Joni have found that people tend to comply with the wishes of creators " @@ -8787,11 +8844,12 @@ msgid "" "replace some of the thorny legal issues. In their business model, Nick and " "Joni are trying to suspend the focus on IP and build an open business model " "that works for all stakeholders—designers, channels, manufacturers, and " -"customers. For them, the value Opendesk generates hangs off “open,” not IP." +"customers. For them, the value Opendesk generates hangs off <quote>open,</" +"quote> not IP." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6858 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6878 msgid "" "The mission of Opendesk is about relocalizing manufacturing, which changes " "the way we think about how goods are made. Commercialization is integral to " @@ -8801,7 +8859,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6865 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6885 msgid "" "As a global platform for local making, Opendesk’s business model has been " "built on honesty, transparency, and inclusivity. As Nick and Joni describe " @@ -8809,12 +8867,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6872 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6892 msgid "OpenStax" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6875 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6895 msgid "" "OpenStax is a nonprofit that provides free, openly licensed textbooks for " "high-enrollment introductory college courses and Advanced Placement courses. " @@ -8822,45 +8880,45 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6880 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6900 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.openstaxcollege.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6882 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6902 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: grant funding, charging " "for custom services, charging for physical copies (textbook sales)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6886 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6906 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: December 16, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6889 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6909 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: David Harris, editor-in-" "chief" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6897 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6917 msgid "" "OpenStax is an extension of a program called Connexions, which was started " -"in 1999 by Dr. Richard Baraniuk, the Victor E. Cameron Professor of " +"in 1999 by Dr. Richard Baraniuk, the Victor E. Cameron Professor of " "Electrical and Computer Engineering at Rice University in Houston, Texas. " -"Frustrated by the limitations of traditional textbooks and courses, Dr. " -"Baraniuk wanted to provide authors and learners a way to share and freely " -"adapt educational materials such as courses, books, and reports. Today, " -"Connexions (now called OpenStax CNX) is one of the world’s best libraries of " -"customizable educational materials, all licensed with Creative Commons and " -"available to anyone, anywhere, anytime—for free." +"Frustrated by the limitations of traditional textbooks and courses, " +"Dr. Baraniuk wanted to provide authors and learners a way to share and " +"freely adapt educational materials such as courses, books, and reports. " +"Today, Connexions (now called OpenStax CNX) is one of the world’s best " +"libraries of customizable educational materials, all licensed with Creative " +"Commons and available to anyone, anywhere, anytime—for free." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6909 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6929 msgid "" "In 2008, while in a senior leadership role at WebAssign and looking at ways " "to reduce the risk that came with relying on publishers, David Harris began " @@ -8873,7 +8931,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6920 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6940 msgid "" "David brought with him a deep understanding of the best practices of " "publishing along with where publishers have inefficiencies. In David’s view, " @@ -8887,14 +8945,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6938 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6958 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://news.rice.edu/files/2016/01/0119-" "OPENSTAX-2016Infographic-lg-1tahxiu.jpg\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6932 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6952 msgid "" "In 2012, OpenStax College launched as a nonprofit with the aim of producing " "high-quality, peer-reviewed full-color textbooks that would be available for " @@ -8907,7 +8965,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6942 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6962 msgid "" "OpenStax textbooks are all Attribution (CC BY) licensed, and each textbook " "is available as a PDF, an e-book, or web pages. Those who want a physical " @@ -8918,7 +8976,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6951 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6971 msgid "" "Teachers are invited to try out a single chapter from one of the textbooks " "with students. If that goes well, they’re encouraged to adopt the entire " @@ -8928,7 +8986,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6959 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6979 msgid "" "Any teacher can post corrections, suggest examples for difficult concepts, " "or volunteer as an editor or author. As many teachers also want supplemental " @@ -8937,12 +8995,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6970 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6990 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://openstax.org/adopters\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6966 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6986 msgid "" "Institutions can stand out by offering students a lower-cost education " "through the use of OpenStax textbooks; there’s even a textbook-savings " @@ -8952,7 +9010,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6973 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6993 msgid "" "Unlike traditional publishers’ monolithic approach of controlling " "intellectual property, distribution, and so many other aspects, OpenStax has " @@ -8961,7 +9019,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6979 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6999 msgid "" "Up-front funding of a professionally produced all-color turnkey textbook is " "expensive. For this part of their model, OpenStax relies on philanthropy. " @@ -8974,7 +9032,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6990 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7010 msgid "" "However, ongoing operations will not rely on foundation grants but instead " "on funds received through an ecosystem of over forty partners, whereby a " @@ -8986,7 +9044,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7000 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7020 msgid "" "Another example is Odigia, who has turned OpenStax books into interactive " "learning experiences and created additional tools to measure and promote " @@ -8998,7 +9056,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7010 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7030 msgid "" "In David’s view, this approach lets the market operate at peak efficiency. " "OpenStax’s partners don’t have to worry about developing textbook content, " @@ -9011,7 +9069,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7022 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7042 msgid "" "OpenStax’s cost of sales to acquire a single student is very, very low and " "is a fraction of what traditional players in the market face. This year, " @@ -9021,7 +9079,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7030 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7050 msgid "" "While OpenStax books are available online for free, many students still want " "a print copy. Through a partnership with a print and courier company, " @@ -9033,7 +9091,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7040 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7060 msgid "" "Campus-based bookstores are part of the OpenStax solution. OpenStax " "collaborates with NACSCORP (the National Association of College Stores " @@ -9048,18 +9106,18 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7053 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7073 msgid "" -"David thinks of the OpenStax model as “OER 2.0.” So what is OER 1.0? " -"Historically in the OER field, many OER initiatives have been locally funded " -"by institutions or government ministries. In David’s view, this results in " -"content that has high local value but is infrequently adopted nationally. " -"It’s therefore difficult to show payback over a time scale that is " -"reasonable." +"David thinks of the OpenStax model as <quote>OER 2.0.</quote> So what is OER " +"1.0? Historically in the OER field, many OER initiatives have been locally " +"funded by institutions or government ministries. In David’s view, this " +"results in content that has high local value but is infrequently adopted " +"nationally. It’s therefore difficult to show payback over a time scale that " +"is reasonable." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7061 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7081 msgid "" "OER 2.0 is about OER intended to be used and adopted on a national level " "right from the start. This requires a bigger investment up front but pays " @@ -9073,7 +9131,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7074 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7094 msgid "" "The process is similar for both models. First they look at the scope and " "sequence of existing textbooks. They ask questions like what does the " @@ -9092,7 +9150,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7092 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7112 msgid "" "All the people involved in this process are paid. OpenStax does not rely on " "volunteers. Writers, reviewers, illustrators, and editors are all paid an up-" @@ -9104,18 +9162,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7102 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7122 msgid "" -"David thinks of the Attribution license (CC BY) as the “innovation license.” " -"It’s core to the mission of OpenStax, letting people use their textbooks in " -"innovative ways without having to ask for permission. It frees up the whole " -"market and has been central to OpenStax being able to bring on partners. " -"OpenStax sees a lot of customization of their materials. By enabling " -"frictionless remixing, CC BY gives teachers control and academic freedom." +"David thinks of the Attribution license (CC BY) as the <quote>innovation " +"license.</quote> It’s core to the mission of OpenStax, letting people use " +"their textbooks in innovative ways without having to ask for permission. It " +"frees up the whole market and has been central to OpenStax being able to " +"bring on partners. OpenStax sees a lot of customization of their materials. " +"By enabling frictionless remixing, CC BY gives teachers control and academic " +"freedom." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7111 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7132 msgid "" "Using CC BY is also a good example of using strategies that traditional " "publishers can’t. Traditional publishers rely on copyright to prevent others " @@ -9127,34 +9186,34 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7121 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7142 msgid "" "As of September 16, 2016, OpenStax has achieved some impressive results. " "From the OpenStax at a Glance fact sheet from their recent press kit:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7128 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7149 msgid "Books published: 23" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7133 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7154 msgid "Students who have used OpenStax: 1.6 million" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7138 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7159 msgid "Money saved for students: $155 million" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7143 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7164 msgid "Money saved for students in the 2016/17 academic year: $77 million" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7149 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7170 msgid "" "Schools that have used OpenStax: 2,668 (This number reflects all " "institutions using at least one OpenStax textbook. Out of 2,668 schools, 517 " @@ -9163,7 +9222,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7158 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7179 msgid "" "While OpenStax has to date been focused on the United States, there is " "overseas adoption especially in the science, technology, engineering, and " @@ -9172,7 +9231,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7165 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7186 msgid "" "OpenStax has primarily focused on introductory-level college courses where " "there is high enrollment, but they are starting to think about verticals—a " @@ -9182,7 +9241,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7173 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7194 msgid "" "Finally, for OpenStax success is not just about the adoption of their " "textbooks and student savings. There is a human aspect to the work that is " @@ -9195,22 +9254,22 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7186 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7207 msgid "Amanda Palmer" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7189 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7210 msgid "Amanda Palmer is a musician, artist, and writer. Based in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7193 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7214 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://amandapalmer.net\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7195 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7216 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: crowdfunding " "(subscription-based), pay-what-you-want, charging for physical copies (book " @@ -9219,12 +9278,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7200 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7221 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: December 15, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7210 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7232 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.forbes.com/sites/zackomalleygreenburg/2015/04/16/" "amanda-palmer-uncut-the-kickstarter-queen-on-spotify-patreon-and-taylor-" @@ -9232,35 +9291,36 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7208 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7229 msgid "" "Since the beginning of her career, Amanda Palmer has been on what she calls " -"a “journey with no roadmap,” continually experimenting to find new ways to " -"sustain her creative work.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"a <quote>journey with no roadmap,</quote> continually experimenting to find " +"new ways to sustain her creative work.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" +"\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7213 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7235 msgid "" "In her best-selling book, The Art of Asking, Amanda articulates exactly what " -"she has been and continues to strive for—“the ideal sweet spot . . . in " -"which the artist can share freely and directly feel the reverberations of " -"their artistic gifts to the community, and make a living doing that.”" +"she has been and continues to strive for—<quote>the ideal sweet spot . . . " +"in which the artist can share freely and directly feel the reverberations of " +"their artistic gifts to the community, and make a living doing that.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7220 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7242 msgid "" "While she seems to have successfully found that sweet spot for herself, " "Amanda is the first to acknowledge there is no silver bullet. She thinks the " -"digital age is both an exciting and frustrating time for creators. “On the " -"one hand, we have this beautiful shareability,” Amanda said. “On the other, " -"you’ve got a bunch of confused artists wondering how to make money to buy " -"food so we can make more art.”" +"digital age is both an exciting and frustrating time for creators. <quote>On " +"the one hand, we have this beautiful shareability,</quote> Amanda said. " +"<quote>On the other, you’ve got a bunch of confused artists wondering how to " +"make money to buy food so we can make more art.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7229 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7251 msgid "" "Amanda began her artistic career as a street performer. She would dress up " "in an antique wedding gown, paint her face white, stand on a stack of milk " @@ -9268,52 +9328,56 @@ msgid "" "performance. She collected money in a hat. Most people walked by her without " "stopping, but an essential few stopped to watch and drop some money into her " "hat to show their appreciation. Rather than dwelling on the majority of " -"people who ignored her, she felt thankful for those who stopped. “All I " -"needed was . . . some people,” she wrote in her book. “Enough people. Enough " -"to make it worth coming back the next day, enough people to help me make " -"rent and put food on the table. Enough so I could keep making art.”" +"people who ignored her, she felt thankful for those who stopped. <quote>All " +"I needed was . . . some people,</quote> she wrote in her book. <quote>Enough " +"people. Enough to make it worth coming back the next day, enough people to " +"help me make rent and put food on the table. Enough so I could keep making " +"art.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7243 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7265 msgid "" "Amanda has come a long way from her street-performing days, but her career " -"remains dominated by that same sentiment—finding ways to reach “her crowd” " -"and feeling gratitude when she does. With her band the Dresden Dolls, Amanda " -"tried the traditional path of signing with a record label. It didn’t take " -"for a variety of reasons, but one of them was that the label had absolutely " -"no interest in Amanda’s view of success. They wanted hits, but making music " -"for the masses was never what Amanda and the Dresden Dolls set out to do." +"remains dominated by that same sentiment—finding ways to reach <quote>her " +"crowd</quote> and feeling gratitude when she does. With her band the Dresden " +"Dolls, Amanda tried the traditional path of signing with a record label. It " +"didn’t take for a variety of reasons, but one of them was that the label had " +"absolutely no interest in Amanda’s view of success. They wanted hits, but " +"making music for the masses was never what Amanda and the Dresden Dolls set " +"out to do." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7254 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7276 msgid "" "After leaving the record label in 2008, she began experimenting with " "different ways to make a living. She released music directly to the public " -"without involving a middle man, releasing digital files on a “pay what you " -"want” basis and selling CDs and vinyl. She also made money from live " -"performances and merchandise sales. Eventually, in 2012 she decided to try " -"her hand at the sort of crowdfunding we know so well today. Her Kickstarter " -"project started with a goal of $100,000, and she made $1.2 million. It " -"remains one of the most successful Kickstarter projects of all time." +"without involving a middle man, releasing digital files on a <quote>pay what " +"you want</quote> basis and selling CDs and vinyl. She also made money from " +"live performances and merchandise sales. Eventually, in 2012 she decided to " +"try her hand at the sort of crowdfunding we know so well today. Her " +"Kickstarter project started with a goal of $100,000, and she made $1.2 " +"million. It remains one of the most successful Kickstarter projects of all " +"time." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7266 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7288 msgid "" "Today, Amanda has switched gears away from crowdfunding for specific " "projects to instead getting consistent financial support from her fan base " "on Patreon, a crowdfunding site that allows artists to get recurring " "donations from fans. More than eight thousand people have signed up to " -"support her so she can create music, art, and any other creative “thing” " -"that she is inspired to make. The recurring pledges are made on a “per " -"thing” basis. All of the content she makes is made freely available under an " -"Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license (CC BY-NC-SA)." +"support her so she can create music, art, and any other creative " +"<quote>thing</quote> that she is inspired to make. The recurring pledges are " +"made on a <quote>per thing</quote> basis. All of the content she makes is " +"made freely available under an Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license " +"(CC BY-NC-SA)." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7277 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7300 msgid "" "Making her music and art available under Creative Commons licensing " "undoubtedly limits her options for how she makes a living. But sharing her " @@ -9322,37 +9386,39 @@ msgid "" "to get ten emails per week from fans asking if they could use their music " "for different projects. They said yes to all of the requests, as long as it " "wasn’t for a completely for-profit venture. At the time, they used a short-" -"form agreement written by Amanda herself. “I made everyone sign that " +"form agreement written by Amanda herself. <quote>I made everyone sign that " "contract so at least I wouldn’t be leaving the band vulnerable to someone " -"later going on and putting our music in a Camel cigarette ad,” Amanda said. " -"Once she discovered Creative Commons, adopting the licenses was an easy " -"decision because it gave them a more formal, standardized way of doing what " -"they had been doing all along. The NonCommercial licenses were a natural fit." +"later going on and putting our music in a Camel cigarette ad,</quote> Amanda " +"said. Once she discovered Creative Commons, adopting the licenses was an " +"easy decision because it gave them a more formal, standardized way of doing " +"what they had been doing all along. The NonCommercial licenses were a " +"natural fit." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7295 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7318 msgid "" "Amanda embraces the way her fans share and build upon her music. In The Art " "of Asking, she wrote that some of her fans’ unofficial videos using her " "music surpass the official videos in number of views on YouTube. Rather than " -"seeing this sort of thing as competition, Amanda celebrates it. “We got into " -"this because we wanted to share the joy of music,” she said." +"seeing this sort of thing as competition, Amanda celebrates it. <quote>We " +"got into this because we wanted to share the joy of music,</quote> she said." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7303 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7326 msgid "" "This is symbolic of how nearly everything she does in her career is " "motivated by a desire to connect with her fans. At the start of her career, " "she and the band would throw concerts at house parties. As the gatherings " -"grew, the line between fans and friends was completely blurred. “Not only " -"did most our early fans know where I lived and where we practiced, but most " -"of them had also been in my kitchen,” Amanda wrote in The Art of Asking." +"grew, the line between fans and friends was completely blurred. <quote>Not " +"only did most our early fans know where I lived and where we practiced, but " +"most of them had also been in my kitchen,</quote> Amanda wrote in The Art of " +"Asking." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7312 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7336 msgid "" "Even though her fan base is now huge and global, she continues to seek this " "sort of human connection with her fans. She seeks out face-to-face contact " @@ -9361,11 +9427,12 @@ msgid "" "the signing line after shows. It helps that Amanda has the kind of dynamic, " "engaging personality that instantly draws people to her, but a big component " "of her ability to connect with people is her willingness to listen. " -"“Listening fast and caring immediately is a skill unto itself,” Amanda wrote." +"<quote>Listening fast and caring immediately is a skill unto itself,</quote> " +"Amanda wrote." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7324 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7348 msgid "" "Another part of the connection fans feel with Amanda is how much they know " "about her life. Rather than trying to craft a public persona or image, she " @@ -9377,18 +9444,18 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7334 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7357 msgid "" -"“With social media, we’re so concerned with the picture looking palatable " -"and consumable that we forget that being human and showing the flaws and " -"exposing the vulnerability actually create a deeper connection than just " -"looking fantastic,” Amanda said. “Everything in our culture is telling us " -"otherwise. But my experience has shown me that the risk of making yourself " -"vulnerable is almost always worth it.”" +"<quote>With social media, we’re so concerned with the picture looking " +"palatable and consumable that we forget that being human and showing the " +"flaws and exposing the vulnerability actually create a deeper connection " +"than just looking fantastic,</quote> Amanda said. <quote>Everything in our " +"culture is telling us otherwise. But my experience has shown me that the " +"risk of making yourself vulnerable is almost always worth it.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7343 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7366 msgid "" "Not only does she disclose intimate details of her life to them, she sleeps " "on their couches, listens to their stories, cries with them. In short, she " @@ -9400,7 +9467,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7353 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7376 msgid "" "After years of investing time and energy into building trust with her fans, " "she has a strong enough relationship with them to ask for support—through " @@ -9412,29 +9479,30 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7363 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7385 msgid "" -"“When you openly, radically trust people, they not only take care of you, " -"they become your allies, your family,” she wrote. There really is a feeling " -"of solidarity within her core fan base. From the beginning, Amanda and her " -"band encouraged people to dress up for their shows. They consciously " -"cultivated a feeling of belonging to their “weird little family.”" +"<quote>When you openly, radically trust people, they not only take care of " +"you, they become your allies, your family,</quote> she wrote. There really " +"is a feeling of solidarity within her core fan base. From the beginning, " +"Amanda and her band encouraged people to dress up for their shows. They " +"consciously cultivated a feeling of belonging to their <quote>weird little " +"family.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7371 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7393 msgid "" "This sort of intimacy with fans is not possible or even desirable for every " -"creator. “I don’t take for granted that I happen to be the type of person " -"who loves cavorting with strangers,” Amanda said. “I recognize that it’s not " -"necessarily everyone’s idea of a good time. Everyone does it differently. " -"Replicating what I have done won’t work for others if it isn’t joyful to " -"them. It’s about finding a way to channel energy in a way that is joyful to " -"you.”" +"creator. <quote>I don’t take for granted that I happen to be the type of " +"person who loves cavorting with strangers,</quote> Amanda said. <quote>I " +"recognize that it’s not necessarily everyone’s idea of a good time. Everyone " +"does it differently. Replicating what I have done won’t work for others if " +"it isn’t joyful to them. It’s about finding a way to channel energy in a way " +"that is joyful to you.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7380 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7403 msgid "" "Yet while Amanda joyfully interacts with her fans and involves them in her " "work as much as possible, she does keep one job primarily to herself—writing " @@ -9449,18 +9517,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7393 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7416 msgid "" "For Amanda, the entire point of being an artist is to establish and maintain " -"this connection. “It sounds so corny,” she said, “but my experience in forty " -"years on this planet has pointed me to an obvious truth—that connection with " -"human beings feels so much better and more fulfilling than approaching art " -"through a capitalist lens. There is no more satisfying end goal than having " -"someone tell you that what you do is genuinely of value to them.”" +"this connection. <quote>It sounds so corny,</quote> she said, <quote>but my " +"experience in forty years on this planet has pointed me to an obvious truth—" +"that connection with human beings feels so much better and more fulfilling " +"than approaching art through a capitalist lens. There is no more satisfying " +"end goal than having someone tell you that what you do is genuinely of value " +"to them.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7402 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7426 msgid "" "As she explains it, when a fan gives her a ten-dollar bill, usually what " "they are saying is that the money symbolizes some deeper value the music " @@ -9472,12 +9541,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7413 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7437 msgid "PLOS (Public Library of Science)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7416 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7440 msgid "" "PLOS (Public Library of Science) is a nonprofit that publishes a library of " "academic journals and other scientific literature. Founded in 2000 in the U." @@ -9485,30 +9554,30 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7421 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7445 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://plos.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7423 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7447 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging content " "creators an author processing charge to be featured in the journal" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7427 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7451 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: March 7, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7429 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7453 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Louise Page, publisher" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7437 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7461 msgid "" "The Public Library of Science (PLOS) began in 2000 when three leading " "scientists—Harold E. Varmus, Patrick O. Brown, and Michael Eisen—started an " @@ -9524,7 +9593,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7451 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7475 msgid "" "Traditionally, academic publishing begins with an author submitting a " "manuscript to a publisher. After in-house technical and ethical " @@ -9538,7 +9607,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7462 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7486 msgid "" "For Louise Page, the current publisher of PLOS, this traditional model " "results in inequity. Access is restricted to those who can pay. Most " @@ -9552,7 +9621,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7474 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7498 msgid "" "That new model became known as open access. That is, free and open " "availability on the Internet. Open-access research articles are not behind a " @@ -9566,7 +9635,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7486 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7510 msgid "" "However, open access requires rethinking the business model of research " "publication. Rather than charge a subscription fee to access the journal, " @@ -9580,7 +9649,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7498 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7522 msgid "" "Calculating the article-processing charge involves taking all the costs " "associated with publishing the journal and determining a cost per article " @@ -9592,7 +9661,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7507 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7531 msgid "" "PLOS believes that lack of funds should not be a barrier to publication. " "Since its inception, PLOS has provided fee support for individuals and " @@ -9600,7 +9669,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7513 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7537 msgid "" "Louise identifies marketing as one area of big difference between PLOS and " "traditional journal publishers. Traditional journals have to invest heavily " @@ -9618,7 +9687,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7530 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7554 msgid "" "For Louise, PLOS would not exist without the Attribution license (CC BY). " "This makes it very clear what rights are associated with the content and " @@ -9629,7 +9698,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7538 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7562 msgid "" "PLOS also has a broad open-data policy. To get their research paper " "published, PLOS authors must also make their data available in a public " @@ -9637,7 +9706,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7543 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7567 msgid "" "Business-operation costs associated with the open-access model still largely " "follow the existing publishing model. PLOS journals are online only, but the " @@ -9648,7 +9717,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7552 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7576 msgid "" "Researchers are influenced by journal rankings, which reflect the place of a " "journal within its field, the relative difficulty of being published in that " @@ -9657,7 +9726,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7558 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7582 msgid "" "The promotion and tenure of researchers are partially based how many times " "other researchers cite their articles. Louise says when researchers want to " @@ -9668,7 +9737,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7567 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7591 msgid "" "Louise believes that open access has been a huge success, progressing from a " "movement led by a small cadre of researchers to something that is now " @@ -9678,7 +9747,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7575 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7599 msgid "" "PLOS further disrupted the traditional journal-publishing model by " "pioneering the concept of a megajournal. The PLOS ONE megajournal, launched " @@ -9702,7 +9771,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7599 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7623 msgid "" "Louise outlined some other aspects of the research-journal business model " "PLOS is experimenting with, describing each as a kind of slider that could " @@ -9710,7 +9779,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7604 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7628 msgid "" "One slider is time to publication. Time to publication may shorten as " "journals get better at providing quicker decisions to authors. However, " @@ -9719,7 +9788,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7611 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7635 msgid "" "Peer review is another part of the process that could change. It’s possible " "to redefine what peer review actually is, when to review, and what " @@ -9733,7 +9802,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7623 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7647 msgid "" "Louise says research with negative outcomes is almost as important as " "positive results. If journals published more research with negative " @@ -9742,7 +9811,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7630 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7654 msgid "" "Another adjustable practice is the sharing of articles at early preprint " "stages. Publication of research in a peer-reviewed journal can take a long " @@ -9760,7 +9829,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7648 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7672 msgid "" "What constitutes a journal article could also change. The idea of a research " "article as printed, bound, and in a library stack is outdated. Digital and " @@ -9772,17 +9841,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7662 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7686 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://collections.plos.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7666 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7690 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://plos.org/article-level-metrics\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7658 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7682 msgid "" "As journals scale up, and new journals are introduced, more and more " "information is being pushed out to readers, making the experience feel like " @@ -9798,7 +9867,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7671 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7695 msgid "" "The big picture for PLOS going forward is to combine and adjust these " "experimental practices in ways that continue to improve accessibility and " @@ -9810,7 +9879,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7681 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7705 msgid "" "For PLOS, success is not about revenue. Success is about proving that " "scientific research can be communicated rapidly and economically at scale, " @@ -9822,7 +9891,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7691 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7715 msgid "" "Ultimately, for PLOS, its authors, and its readers, success is about making " "research discoverable, available, and reproducible for the advancement of " @@ -9830,24 +9899,24 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7697 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7721 msgid "Rijksmuseum" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7700 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7724 msgid "" "The Rijksmuseum is a Dutch national museum dedicated to art and history. " "Founded in 1800 in the Netherlands" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7704 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7728 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7706 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7730 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: grants and government " "funding, charging for in-person version (museum admission), selling " @@ -9855,19 +9924,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7710 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7734 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: December 11, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7713 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7737 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Lizzy Jongma, the data " "manager of the collections information department" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7721 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7745 msgid "" "The Rijksmuseum, a national museum in the Netherlands dedicated to art and " "history, has been housed in its current building since 1885. The monumental " @@ -9884,7 +9953,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7737 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7761 msgid "" "By the time Lizzy Jongma joined the Rijksmuseum in 2011 as a data manager, " "staff were fed up with the situation the museum was in. They also realized " @@ -9900,7 +9969,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7751 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7775 msgid "" "It was effective but a bit boring. It was just data. A hackathon they were " "invited to got them to start talking about events like that as having " @@ -9911,12 +9980,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7762 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7786 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.europeana.eu/portal/en\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7760 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7784 msgid "" "Then, Lizzy says, Europeana came along. Europeana is Europe’s digital " "library, museum, and archive for cultural heritage.<placeholder type=" @@ -9932,9 +10001,9 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7774 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7798 msgid "" -"They realized that they don’t “own” the collection and couldn’t " +"They realized that they don’t <quote>own</quote> the collection and couldn’t " "realistically monitor and enforce compliance with the restrictive licensing " "terms they currently had in place. For example, many copies and versions of " "Vermeer’s Milkmaid (part of their collection) were already online, many of " @@ -9946,7 +10015,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7787 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7811 msgid "" "In 2011 the Rijksmuseum began making their digital photos of works known to " "be free of copyright available online, using Creative Commons CC0 to place " @@ -9961,7 +10030,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7801 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7825 msgid "" "In 2013 the Rijksmuseum changed its business model. They Creative Commons " "licensed their highest-quality images and released them online for free. " @@ -9974,7 +10043,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7812 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7836 msgid "" "Releasing these high-quality images for free reduced the number of poor-" "quality images that were proliferating. The high-quality image of Vermeer’s " @@ -9984,13 +10053,13 @@ msgid "" "found in other platforms. For example, Rijksmuseum images are now used in " "thousands of Wikipedia articles, receiving ten to eleven million views per " "month. This extends Rijksmuseum’s reach far beyond the scope of its website. " -"Sharing these images online creates what Lizzy calls the “Mona Lisa effect,” " -"where a work of art becomes so famous that people want to see it in real " -"life by visiting the actual museum." +"Sharing these images online creates what Lizzy calls the <quote>Mona Lisa " +"effect,</quote> where a work of art becomes so famous that people want to " +"see it in real life by visiting the actual museum." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7827 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7851 msgid "" "Every museum tends to be driven by the number of physical visitors. The " "Rijksmuseum is primarily publicly funded, receiving roughly 70 percent of " @@ -10001,7 +10070,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7835 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7859 msgid "" "As museums create a digital presence for themselves and put up digital " "representations of their collection online, there’s frequently a worry that " @@ -10016,12 +10085,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7855 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7879 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7849 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7873 msgid "" "In 2011 the Rijksmuseum received €1 million from the Dutch lottery to create " "a new web presence that would be different from any other museum’s. In " @@ -10032,20 +10101,20 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7858 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7882 msgid "" "The Rijksstudio gives users access to over two hundred thousand high-quality " "digital representations of masterworks from the collection. Users can zoom " "in to any work and even clip small parts of images they like. Rijksstudio is " -"a bit like Pinterest. You can “like” works and compile your personal " -"favorites, and you can share them with friends or download them free of " -"charge. All the images in the Rijksstudio are copyright and royalty free, " -"and users are encouraged to use them as they like, for private or even " +"a bit like Pinterest. You can <quote>like</quote> works and compile your " +"personal favorites, and you can share them with friends or download them " +"free of charge. All the images in the Rijksstudio are copyright and royalty " +"free, and users are encouraged to use them as they like, for private or even " "commercial purposes." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7869 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7893 msgid "" "Users have created over 276,000 Rijksstudios, generating their own themed " "virtual exhibitions on a wide variety of topics ranging from tapestries to " @@ -10054,7 +10123,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7876 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7900 msgid "" "Some contemporary artists who have works in the Rijksmuseum collection " "contacted them to ask why their works were not included in the Rijksstudio. " @@ -10067,14 +10136,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7896 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7920 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.etsy.com/ca/listing/175696771/fringe-kimono-silk-" "kimono-kimono-robe\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7887 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7911 msgid "" "The Rijksmuseum believes that art stimulates entrepreneurial activity. The " "line between creative and commercial can be blurry. As Lizzy says, even " @@ -10088,7 +10157,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7900 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7924 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-award\"/>; the 2014 " "award: <ulink url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-award-2014\"/>; " @@ -10097,14 +10166,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7912 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7936 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/rijksstudio/142328--nominees-" "rijksstudio-award/creaties/ba595afe-452d-46bd-9c8c-48dcbdd7f0a4\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7899 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7923 msgid "" "In 2013 the Rijksmuseum organized their first high-profile design " "competition, known as the Rijksstudio Award.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " @@ -10122,7 +10191,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7918 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7942 msgid "" "For the next iteration of the Rijksstudio, the Rijksmuseum is considering an " "upload tool, for people to upload their own works of art, and enhanced " @@ -10130,7 +10199,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7924 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7948 msgid "" "Going with a more open business model generated lots of publicity for the " "Rijksmuseum. They were one of the first museums to open up their collection " @@ -10141,7 +10210,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7933 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7957 msgid "" "The Rijksmuseum has been experimenting with other ways to invite the public " "to look at and interact with their collection. On an international day " @@ -10156,75 +10225,75 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7946 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7970 msgid "" "For the Rijksmuseum, adopting an open business model was scary. They came " "up with many worst-case scenarios, imagining all kinds of awful things " "people might do with the museum’s works. But Lizzy says those fears did not " -"come true because “ninety-nine percent of people have respect for great " -"art.” Many museums think they can make a lot of money by selling things " -"related to their collection. But in Lizzy’s experience, museums are usually " -"bad at selling things, and sometimes efforts to generate a small amount of " -"money block something much bigger—the real value that the collection has. " -"For Lizzy, clinging to small amounts of revenue is being penny-wise but " -"pound-foolish. For the Rijksmuseum, a key lesson has been to never lose " -"sight of its vision for the collection. Allowing access to and use of their " -"collection has generated great promotional value—far more than the previous " -"practice of charging fees for access and use. Lizzy sums up their " -"experience: “Give away; get something in return. Generosity makes people " -"happy to join you and help out.”" +"come true because <quote>ninety-nine percent of people have respect for " +"great art.</quote> Many museums think they can make a lot of money by " +"selling things related to their collection. But in Lizzy’s experience, " +"museums are usually bad at selling things, and sometimes efforts to generate " +"a small amount of money block something much bigger—the real value that the " +"collection has. For Lizzy, clinging to small amounts of revenue is being " +"penny-wise but pound-foolish. For the Rijksmuseum, a key lesson has been to " +"never lose sight of its vision for the collection. Allowing access to and " +"use of their collection has generated great promotional value—far more than " +"the previous practice of charging fees for access and use. Lizzy sums up " +"their experience: <quote>Give away; get something in return. Generosity " +"makes people happy to join you and help out.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7966 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7990 msgid "Shareable" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7969 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7993 msgid "" "Shareable is an online magazine about sharing. Founded in 2009 in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7973 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7997 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.shareable.net\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7975 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7999 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: grant funding, " "crowdfunding (project-based), donations, sponsorships" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7978 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8002 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 24, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7981 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8005 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Neal Gorenflo, cofounder " "and executive editor" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7989 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8013 msgid "" "In 2013, Shareable faced an impasse. The nonprofit online publication had " "helped start a sharing movement four years prior, but over time, they " "watched one part of the movement stray from its ideals. As giants like Uber " -"and Airbnb gained ground, attention began to center on the “sharing economy” " -"we know now—profit-driven, transactional, and loaded with venture-capital " -"money. Leaders of corporate start-ups in this domain invited Shareable to " -"advocate for them. The magazine faced a choice: ride the wave or stand on " -"principle." +"and Airbnb gained ground, attention began to center on the <quote>sharing " +"economy</quote> we know now—profit-driven, transactional, and loaded with " +"venture-capital money. Leaders of corporate start-ups in this domain invited " +"Shareable to advocate for them. The magazine faced a choice: ride the wave " +"or stand on principle." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8000 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8024 msgid "" "As an organization, Shareable decided to draw a line in the sand. In 2013, " "the cofounder and executive editor Neal Gorenflo wrote an opinion piece in " @@ -10232,23 +10301,24 @@ msgid "" "Valley version of the sharing economy, while contrasting it with aspects of " "the real sharing economy like open-source software, participatory budgeting " "(where citizens decide how a public budget is spent), cooperatives, and " -"more. He wrote, “It’s not so much that collaborative consumption is dead, " -"it’s more that it risks dying as it gets absorbed by the ‘Borg.’”" +"more. He wrote, <quote>It’s not so much that collaborative consumption is " +"dead, it’s more that it risks dying as it gets absorbed by the <quote>Borg.</" +"quote></quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8012 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8036 msgid "" "Neal said their public critique of the corporate sharing economy defined " "what Shareable was and is. He does not think the magazine would still be " -"around had they chosen differently. “We would have gotten another type of " -"audience, but it would have spelled the end of us,” he said. “We are a " -"small, mission-driven organization. We would never have been able to weather " -"the criticism that Airbnb and Uber are getting now.”" +"around had they chosen differently. <quote>We would have gotten another type " +"of audience, but it would have spelled the end of us,</quote> he said. " +"<quote>We are a small, mission-driven organization. We would never have been " +"able to weather the criticism that Airbnb and Uber are getting now.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8021 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8046 msgid "" "Interestingly, impassioned supporters are only a small sliver of Shareable’s " "total audience. Most are casual readers who come across a Shareable story " @@ -10256,69 +10326,70 @@ msgid "" "choosing principles over the possibility of riding the coattails of the " "major corporate players in the sharing space saved Shareable’s credibility. " "Although they became detached from the corporate sharing economy, the online " -"magazine became the voice of the “real sharing economy” and continued to " -"grow their audience." +"magazine became the voice of the <quote>real sharing economy</quote> and " +"continued to grow their audience." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8032 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8057 msgid "" "Shareable is a magazine, but the content they publish is a means to " "furthering their role as a leader and catalyst of a movement. Shareable " -"became a leader in the movement in 2009. “At that time, there was a sharing " -"movement bubbling beneath the surface, but no one was connecting the dots,” " -"Neal said. “We decided to step into that space and take on that role.” The " -"small team behind the nonprofit publication truly believed sharing could be " -"central to solving some of the major problems human beings face—resource " -"inequality, social isolation, and global warming." +"became a leader in the movement in 2009. <quote>At that time, there was a " +"sharing movement bubbling beneath the surface, but no one was connecting the " +"dots,</quote> Neal said. <quote>We decided to step into that space and take " +"on that role.</quote> The small team behind the nonprofit publication truly " +"believed sharing could be central to solving some of the major problems " +"human beings face—resource inequality, social isolation, and global warming." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8043 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8069 msgid "" "They have worked hard to find ways to tell stories that show different " -"metrics for success. “We wanted to change the notion of what constitutes the " -"good life,” Neal said. While they started out with a very broad focus on " -"sharing generally, today they emphasize stories about the physical commons " -"like “sharing cities” (i.e., urban areas managed in a sustainable, " -"cooperative way), as well as digital platforms that are run democratically. " -"They particularly focus on how-to content that help their readers make " -"changes in their own lives and communities." +"metrics for success. <quote>We wanted to change the notion of what " +"constitutes the good life,</quote> Neal said. While they started out with a " +"very broad focus on sharing generally, today they emphasize stories about " +"the physical commons like <quote>sharing cities</quote> (i.e., urban areas " +"managed in a sustainable, cooperative way), as well as digital platforms " +"that are run democratically. They particularly focus on how-to content that " +"help their readers make changes in their own lives and communities." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8054 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8081 msgid "" "More than half of Shareable’s stories are written by paid journalists that " -"are contracted by the magazine. “Particularly in content areas that are a " -"priority for us, we really want to go deep and control the quality,” Neal " -"said. The rest of the content is either contributed by guest writers, often " -"for free, or written by other publications from their network of content " -"publishers. Shareable is a member of the Post Growth Alliance, which " -"facilitates the sharing of content and audiences among a large and growing " -"group of mostly nonprofits. Each organization gets a chance to present " -"stories to the group, and the organizations can use and promote each other’s " -"stories. Much of the content created by the network is licensed with " -"Creative Commons." +"are contracted by the magazine. <quote>Particularly in content areas that " +"are a priority for us, we really want to go deep and control the quality,</" +"quote> Neal said. The rest of the content is either contributed by guest " +"writers, often for free, or written by other publications from their network " +"of content publishers. Shareable is a member of the Post Growth Alliance, " +"which facilitates the sharing of content and audiences among a large and " +"growing group of mostly nonprofits. Each organization gets a chance to " +"present stories to the group, and the organizations can use and promote each " +"other’s stories. Much of the content created by the network is licensed " +"with Creative Commons." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8068 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8096 msgid "" "All of Shareable’s original content is published under the Attribution " "license (CC BY), meaning it can be used for any purpose as long as credit is " "given to Shareable. Creative Commons licensing is aligned with Shareable’s " "vision, mission, and identity. That alone explains the organization’s " "embrace of the licenses for their content, but Neal also believes CC " -"licensing helps them increase their reach. “By using CC licensing,” he said, " -"“we realized we could reach far more people through a formal and informal " -"network of republishers or affiliates. That has definitely been the case. " -"It’s hard for us to measure the reach of other media properties, but most of " -"the outlets who republish our work have much bigger audiences than we do.”" +"licensing helps them increase their reach. <quote>By using CC licensing,</" +"quote> he said, <quote>we realized we could reach far more people through a " +"formal and informal network of republishers or affiliates. That has " +"definitely been the case. It’s hard for us to measure the reach of other " +"media properties, but most of the outlets who republish our work have much " +"bigger audiences than we do.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8082 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8111 msgid "" "In addition to their regular news and commentary online, Shareable has also " "experimented with book publishing. In 2012, they worked with a traditional " @@ -10330,7 +10401,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8092 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8121 msgid "" "In 2016, Shareable self-published a book of curated Shareable stories called " "How to: Share, Save Money and Have Fun. The book was available for sale, but " @@ -10339,7 +10410,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8099 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8128 msgid "" "This recent book is one of many fund-raising experiments Shareable has " "conducted in recent years. Currently, Shareable is primarily funded by " @@ -10351,33 +10422,33 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8109 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8138 msgid "" "For Shareable, success is very much about their impact on the world. This is " -"true for Neal, but also for everyone who works for Shareable. “We attract " -"passionate people,” Neal said. At times, that means employees work so hard " -"they burn out. Neal tries to stress to the Shareable team that another part " -"of success is having fun and taking care of yourself while you do something " -"you love. “A central part of human beings is that we long to be on a great " -"adventure with people we love,” he said. “We are a species who look over the " -"horizon and imagine and create new worlds, but we also seek the comfort of " -"hearth and home.”" +"true for Neal, but also for everyone who works for Shareable. <quote>We " +"attract passionate people,</quote> Neal said. At times, that means " +"employees work so hard they burn out. Neal tries to stress to the Shareable " +"team that another part of success is having fun and taking care of yourself " +"while you do something you love. <quote>A central part of human beings is " +"that we long to be on a great adventure with people we love,</quote> he " +"said. <quote>We are a species who look over the horizon and imagine and " +"create new worlds, but we also seek the comfort of hearth and home.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8121 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8151 msgid "" "In 2013, Shareable ran its first crowdfunding campaign to launch their " "Sharing Cities Network. Neal said at first they were on pace to fail " "spectacularly. They called in their advisers in a panic and asked for help. " -"The advice they received was simple—“Sit your ass in a chair and start " -"making calls.” That’s exactly what they did, and they ended up reaching " -"their $50,000 goal. Neal said the campaign helped them reach new people, but " -"the vast majority of backers were people in their existing base." +"The advice they received was simple—<quote>Sit your ass in a chair and start " +"making calls.</quote> That’s exactly what they did, and they ended up " +"reaching their $50,000 goal. Neal said the campaign helped them reach new " +"people, but the vast majority of backers were people in their existing base." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8131 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8161 msgid "" "For Neal, this symbolized how so much of success comes down to " "relationships. Over time, Shareable has invested time and energy into the " @@ -10387,25 +10458,25 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8138 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8168 msgid "" "Shareable began hosting events in 2010. These events were designed to bring " "the sharing community together. But over time they realized they could reach " -"far more people if they helped their readers to host their own events. “If " -"we wanted to go big on a conference, there was a huge risk and huge staffing " -"needs, plus only a fraction of our community could travel to the event,” " -"Neal said. Enabling others to create their own events around the globe " -"allowed them to scale up their work more effectively and reach far more " -"people. Shareable has catalyzed three hundred different events reaching over " -"twenty thousand people since implementing this strategy three years ago. " -"Going forward, Shareable is focusing the network on creating and " -"distributing content meant to spur local action. For instance, Shareable " -"will publish a new CC-licensed book in 2017 filled with ideas for their " -"network to implement." +"far more people if they helped their readers to host their own events. " +"<quote>If we wanted to go big on a conference, there was a huge risk and " +"huge staffing needs, plus only a fraction of our community could travel to " +"the event,</quote> Neal said. Enabling others to create their own events " +"around the globe allowed them to scale up their work more effectively and " +"reach far more people. Shareable has catalyzed three hundred different " +"events reaching over twenty thousand people since implementing this strategy " +"three years ago. Going forward, Shareable is focusing the network on " +"creating and distributing content meant to spur local action. For instance, " +"Shareable will publish a new CC-licensed book in 2017 filled with ideas for " +"their network to implement." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8155 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8185 msgid "" "Neal says Shareable stumbled upon this strategy, but it seems to perfectly " "encapsulate just how the commons is supposed to work. Rather than a one-" @@ -10414,12 +10485,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8163 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8193 msgid "Siyavula" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8166 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8196 msgid "" "Siyavula is a for-profit educational-technology company that creates " "textbooks and integrated learning experiences. Founded in 2012 in South " @@ -10427,29 +10498,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8171 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8201 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.siyavula.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8173 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8203 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for custom " "services, sponsorships" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8176 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8206 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: April 5, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8178 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8208 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Mark Horner, CEO" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8185 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8215 msgid "" "Openness is a key principle for Siyavula. They believe that every learner " "and teacher should have access to high-quality educational resources, as " @@ -10459,7 +10530,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8193 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8223 msgid "" "In terms of creating an open business model that involves Creative Commons, " "Siyavula—and its founder, Mark Horner—have been around the block a few " @@ -10468,7 +10539,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8200 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8230 msgid "" "It all started in 2002, when Mark and several other colleagues at the " "University of Cape Town in South Africa founded the Free High School Science " @@ -10478,12 +10549,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8211 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8241 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8208 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8238 msgid "" "As physicists, Mark and his colleagues were advocates of open-source " "software. To make the books open and free, they adopted the Free Software " @@ -10495,7 +10566,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8217 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8247 msgid "" "In 2007, the Shuttleworth Foundation offered funding support to make the " "textbooks available for trial use at more schools. Surveys before and after " @@ -10505,7 +10576,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8225 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8255 msgid "" "But the development of new textbooks froze at this stage. Mark shifted his " "focus to rural schools, which didn’t have textbooks at all, and looked into " @@ -10514,12 +10585,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8235 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8265 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.capetowndeclaration.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8231 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8261 msgid "" "In 2007, Shuttleworth and the Open Society Institute convened a group of " "open-education activists for a small but lively meeting in Cape Town. One " @@ -10531,7 +10602,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8240 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8270 msgid "" "They wrote six original textbooks. A small publishing company offered " "Shuttleworth the option to buy out the publisher’s existing K–9 content for " @@ -10541,7 +10612,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8248 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8278 msgid "" "Mark wanted to build out the remaining curricula collaboratively through " "communities of practice—that is, with fellow educators and writers. Although " @@ -10557,12 +10628,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8267 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8297 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://cnx.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8263 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8293 msgid "" "Not only did Mark want the resources to be shareable, he wanted all teachers " "to be able to remix and edit the content. Mark and his team had to come up " @@ -10574,7 +10645,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8271 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8301 msgid "" "Then the Shuttleworth Foundation decided to completely restructure its work " "as a foundation into a fellowship model (for reasons completely unrelated to " @@ -10583,7 +10654,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8278 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8308 msgid "" "Mark and his team experimented with several different strategies. They " "tried creating an authoring and hosting platform called Full Marks so that " @@ -10594,7 +10665,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8286 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8316 msgid "" "Then the South African government approached Siyavula with an interest in " "printing out the original six Free High School Science Texts (math and " @@ -10605,7 +10676,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8294 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8324 msgid "" "They began to conceive of the six books as having massive marketing " "potential for Siyavula. Printing Siyavula books for every kid in South " @@ -10616,7 +10687,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8303 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8333 msgid "" "Mark and his team began imagining what they could develop beyond what was in " "the textbooks as a service they charge for. One key thing you can’t do well " @@ -10630,7 +10701,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8316 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8346 msgid "" "The costs for using Intelligent Practice were set very low, making it " "accessible even to those with limited financial means. Siyavula was going " @@ -10639,7 +10710,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8322 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8352 msgid "" "The government distributed the books to 1.5 million students, but there was " "an unexpected wrinkle: the books were delivered late. Rather than wait, " @@ -10650,18 +10721,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8331 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8361 msgid "" "Siyavula’s site did see a dramatic increase in traffic. They got five " "hundred thousand visitors per month to their math site and the same number " -"to their science site. Two-fifths of the traffic was reading on a “feature " -"phone” (a nonsmartphone with no apps). People on basic phones were reading " -"math and science on a two-inch screen at all hours of the day. To Mark, it " -"was quite amazing and spoke to a need they were servicing." +"to their science site. Two-fifths of the traffic was reading on a " +"<quote>feature phone</quote> (a nonsmartphone with no apps). People on basic " +"phones were reading math and science on a two-inch screen at all hours of " +"the day. To Mark, it was quite amazing and spoke to a need they were " +"servicing." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8340 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8370 msgid "" "At first, the Intelligent Practice services could only be paid using a " "credit card. This proved problematic, especially for those in the low-income " @@ -10672,7 +10744,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8349 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8379 msgid "" "Mark describes this as the first version of Siyavula’s business model: open " "textbooks serving as marketing material and driving traffic to your site, " @@ -10681,7 +10753,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8355 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8385 msgid "" "For Mark a key decision for Siyavula’s business was to focus on how they can " "add value on top of their basic service. They’ll charge only if they are " @@ -10692,7 +10764,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8364 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8394 msgid "" "Version two of Siyavula’s business model was a big, ambitious idea—scale up. " "They also decided to sell the Intelligent Practice service to schools " @@ -10705,7 +10777,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8375 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8405 msgid "" "Teachers get a dashboard that allows them to monitor the progress of an " "entire class or view an individual learner’s results. They can see the " @@ -10716,7 +10788,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8384 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8414 msgid "" "Based on the success of this effort, Siyavula decided to substantially " "increase the production of open educational resources so they could provide " @@ -10726,12 +10798,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8395 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8425 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.siyavula.com/products-primary-school.html\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8392 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8422 msgid "" "In partnership with, and sponsored by, the Sasol Inzalo Foundation, Siyavula " "produced a series of natural sciences and technology workbooks for grades 4 " @@ -10741,7 +10813,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8399 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8429 msgid "" "Through this experience, Siyavula learned they could get sponsors to help " "fund openly licensed textbooks. It helped that Siyavula had by this time " @@ -10753,7 +10825,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8409 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8439 msgid "" "The Siyavula books that are reviewed, approved, and branded by the " "government are freely and openly available on Siyavula’s website under an " @@ -10764,7 +10836,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8417 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8447 msgid "" "Although the South African government paid to print and distribute hard " "copies of the books to schoolkids, Siyavula itself received no funding from " @@ -10777,7 +10849,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8428 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8458 msgid "" "Using Siyavula books generated huge savings for the government. Providing " "students with a traditionally published grade 12 science or math textbook " @@ -10789,7 +10861,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8438 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8468 msgid "" "Just as Siyavula was planning to scale up the production of open textbooks " "even more, the South African government changed its textbook policy. To save " @@ -10799,7 +10871,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8446 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8476 msgid "" "Rather than producing more textbooks, Siyavula focused on improving its " "Intelligent Practice technology for its existing books. Mark calls this " @@ -10812,7 +10884,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8457 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8487 msgid "" "Mark says sales are way up, and they are really nailing Intelligent " "Practice. Schools continue to use their open textbooks. The government-" @@ -10821,7 +10893,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8464 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8494 msgid "" "Siyavula is exploring a range of enhancements to their business model. These " "include charging a small amount for assessment services provided over the " @@ -10831,7 +10903,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8472 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8502 msgid "" "Siyavula is a for-profit business but one with a social mission. Their " "shareholders’ agreement lists lots of requirements around openness for " @@ -10847,42 +10919,42 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8488 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8518 msgid "SparkFun" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8491 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8521 msgid "" "SparkFun is an online electronics retailer specializing in open hardware. " "Founded in 2003 in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8495 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8525 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.sparkfun.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8497 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8527 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for physical " "copies (electronics sales)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8500 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8530 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 29, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8503 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8533 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Nathan Seidle, founder" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8511 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8541 msgid "" "SparkFun founder and former CEO Nathan Seidle has a picture of himself " "holding up a clone of a SparkFun product in an electronics market in China, " @@ -10892,16 +10964,16 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8518 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8547 msgid "" -"“Being copied is the greatest earmark of flattery and success,” Nathan said. " -"“I thought it was so cool that they were selling to a market we were never " -"going to get access to otherwise. It was evidence of our impact on the " -"world.”" +"<quote>Being copied is the greatest earmark of flattery and success,</quote> " +"Nathan said. <quote>I thought it was so cool that they were selling to a " +"market we were never going to get access to otherwise. It was evidence of " +"our impact on the world.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8524 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8553 msgid "" "This worldview runs through everything SparkFun does. SparkFun is an " "electronics manufacturer. The company sells its products directly to the " @@ -10912,74 +10984,76 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8533 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8562 msgid "" -"Nathan believes open licensing is good for the world. “It touches on our " -"natural human instinct to share,” he said. But he also strongly believes it " -"makes SparkFun better at what they do. They encourage copying, and their " -"products are copied at a very fast rate, often within ten to twelve weeks of " -"release. This forces the company to compete on something other than product " -"design, or what most commonly consider their intellectual property." +"Nathan believes open licensing is good for the world. <quote>It touches on " +"our natural human instinct to share,</quote> he said. But he also strongly " +"believes it makes SparkFun better at what they do. They encourage copying, " +"and their products are copied at a very fast rate, often within ten to " +"twelve weeks of release. This forces the company to compete on something " +"other than product design, or what most commonly consider their intellectual " +"property." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8542 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8571 msgid "" -"“We compete on business principles,” Nathan said. “Claiming your territory " -"with intellectual property allows you to get comfy and rest on your laurels. " -"It gives you a safety net. We took away that safety net.”" +"<quote>We compete on business principles,</quote> Nathan said. " +"<quote>Claiming your territory with intellectual property allows you to get " +"comfy and rest on your laurels. It gives you a safety net. We took away that " +"safety net.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8548 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8577 msgid "" "The result is an intense company-wide focus on product development and " -"improvement. “Our products are so much better than they were five years " -"ago,” Nathan said. “We used to just sell products. Now it’s a product plus a " -"video, a seventeen-page hookup guide, and example firmware on three " -"different platforms to get you up and running faster. We have gotten better " -"because we had to in order to compete. As painful as it is for us, it’s " -"better for the customers.”" +"improvement. <quote>Our products are so much better than they were five " +"years ago,</quote> Nathan said. <quote>We used to just sell products. Now " +"it’s a product plus a video, a seventeen-page hookup guide, and example " +"firmware on three different platforms to get you up and running faster. We " +"have gotten better because we had to in order to compete. As painful as it " +"is for us, it’s better for the customers.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8558 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8587 msgid "" "SparkFun parts are available on eBay for lower prices. But people come " "directly to SparkFun because SparkFun makes their lives easier. The example " "code works; there is a service number to call; they ship replacement parts " "the day they get a service call. They invest heavily in service and support. " -"“I don’t believe businesses should be competing with IP [intellectual " -"property] barriers,” Nathan said. “This is the stuff they should be " -"competing on.”" +"<quote>I don’t believe businesses should be competing with IP [intellectual " +"property] barriers,</quote> Nathan said. <quote>This is the stuff they " +"should be competing on.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8567 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8597 msgid "" "SparkFun’s company history began in Nathan’s college dorm room. He spent a " "lot of time experimenting with and building electronics, and he realized " -"there was a void in the market. “If you wanted to place an order for " -"something,” he said, “you first had to search far and wide to find it, and " -"then you had to call or fax someone.” In 2003, during his third year of " -"college, he registered <ulink url=\"http://sparkfun.com\"/> and started " -"reselling products out of his bedroom. After he graduated, he started making " -"and selling his own products." +"there was a void in the market. <quote>If you wanted to place an order for " +"something,</quote> he said, <quote>you first had to search far and wide to " +"find it, and then you had to call or fax someone.</quote> In 2003, during " +"his third year of college, he registered <ulink url=\"http://sparkfun.com\"/" +"> and started reselling products out of his bedroom. After he graduated, he " +"started making and selling his own products." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8578 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8609 msgid "" "Once he started designing his own products, he began putting the software " "and schematics online to help with technical support. After doing some " "research on licensing options, he chose Creative Commons licenses because he " -"was drawn to the “human-readable deeds” that explain the licensing terms in " -"simple terms. SparkFun still uses CC licenses for all of the schematics and " -"firmware for the products they create." +"was drawn to the <quote>human-readable deeds</quote> that explain the " +"licensing terms in simple terms. SparkFun still uses CC licenses for all of " +"the schematics and firmware for the products they create." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8587 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8618 msgid "" "The company has grown from a solo project to a corporation with 140 " "employees. In 2015, SparkFun earned $33 million in revenue. Selling " @@ -10990,7 +11064,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8596 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8627 msgid "" "SparkFun also has an educational department dedicated to creating a hands-on " "curriculum to teach students about electronics using prototyping parts. " @@ -11000,28 +11074,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8604 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8634 msgid "" -"“We have the burden and opportunity to educate the next generation of " -"technical citizens,” Nathan said. “Our goal is to affect the lives of three " -"hundred and fifty thousand high school students by 2020.”" +"<quote>We have the burden and opportunity to educate the next generation of " +"technical citizens,</quote> Nathan said. <quote>Our goal is to affect the " +"lives of three hundred and fifty thousand high school students by 2020.</" +"quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8610 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8640 msgid "" "The Creative Commons license underlying all of SparkFun’s products is " "central to this mission. The license not only signals a willingness to " "share, but it also expresses a desire for others to get in and tinker with " "their products, both to learn and to make their products better. SparkFun " -"uses the Attribution-ShareAlike license (CC BY-SA), which is a “copyleft” " -"license that allows people to do anything with the content as long as they " -"provide credit and make any adaptations available under the same licensing " -"terms." +"uses the Attribution-ShareAlike license (CC BY-SA), which is a " +"<quote>copyleft</quote> license that allows people to do anything with the " +"content as long as they provide credit and make any adaptations available " +"under the same licensing terms." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8621 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8651 msgid "" "From the beginning, Nathan has tried to create a work environment at " "SparkFun that he himself would want to work in. The result is what appears " @@ -11033,34 +11108,35 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8632 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8662 msgid "" "The public event, called the Autonomous Vehicle Competition, brings in a " "thousand to two thousand customers and other technology enthusiasts from " "around the area to race their own self-created bots against each other, " "participate in training workshops, and socialize. From a business " "perspective, Nathan says it’s a terrible idea. But they don’t hold the event " -"for business reasons. “The reason we do it is because I get to travel and " -"have interactions with our customers all the time, but most of our employees " -"don’t,” he said. “This event gives our employees the opportunity to get face-" -"to-face contact with our customers.” The event infuses their work with a " -"human element, which makes it more meaningful." +"for business reasons. <quote>The reason we do it is because I get to travel " +"and have interactions with our customers all the time, but most of our " +"employees don’t,</quote> he said. <quote>This event gives our employees the " +"opportunity to get face-to-face contact with our customers.</quote> The " +"event infuses their work with a human element, which makes it more " +"meaningful." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8646 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8676 msgid "" "Nathan has worked hard to imbue a deeper meaning into the work SparkFun " "does. The company is, of course, focused on being fiscally responsible, but " -"they are ultimately driven by something other than money. “Profit is not the " -"goal; it is the outcome of a well-executed plan,” Nathan said. “We focus on " -"having a bigger impact on the world.” Nathan believes they get some of the " -"brightest and most amazing employees because they aren’t singularly focused " -"on the bottom line." +"they are ultimately driven by something other than money. <quote>Profit is " +"not the goal; it is the outcome of a well-executed plan,</quote> Nathan " +"said. <quote>We focus on having a bigger impact on the world.</quote> Nathan " +"believes they get some of the brightest and most amazing employees because " +"they aren’t singularly focused on the bottom line." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8656 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8686 msgid "" "The company is committed to transparency and shares all of its financials " "with its employees. They also generally strive to avoid being another " @@ -11070,43 +11146,46 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8663 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8693 msgid "" "SparkFun’s customer base is largely made up of industrious electronics " "enthusiasts. They have customers who are regularly involved in the company’s " "customer support, independently responding to questions in forums and " "product-comment sections. Customers also bring product ideas to the " "company. SparkFun regularly sifts through suggestions from customers and " -"tries to build on them where they can. “From the beginning, we have been " -"listening to the community,” Nathan said. “Customers would identify a pain " -"point, and we would design something to address it.”" +"tries to build on them where they can. <quote>From the beginning, we have " +"been listening to the community,</quote> Nathan said. <quote>Customers " +"would identify a pain point, and we would design something to address it.</" +"quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8675 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8705 msgid "" "However, this sort of customer engagement does not always translate to " "people actively contributing to SparkFun’s projects. The company has a " "public repository of software code for each of its devices online. On a " "particularly active project, there will only be about two dozen people " "contributing significant improvements. The vast majority of projects are " -"relatively untouched by the public. “There is a theory that if you open-" -"source it, they will come,” Nathan said. “That’s not really true.”" +"relatively untouched by the public. <quote>There is a theory that if you " +"open-source it, they will come,</quote> Nathan said. <quote>That’s not " +"really true.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8686 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8716 msgid "" "Rather than focusing on cocreation with their customers, SparkFun instead " "focuses on enabling people to copy, tinker, and improve products on their " "own. They heavily invest in tutorials and other material designed to help " "people understand how the products work so they can fix and improve things " -"independently. “What gives me joy is when people take open-source layouts " -"and then build their own circuit boards from our designs,” Nathan said." +"independently. <quote>What gives me joy is when people take open-source " +"layouts and then build their own circuit boards from our designs,</quote> " +"Nathan said." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8695 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8726 msgid "" "Obviously, opening up the design of their products is a necessary step if " "their goal is to empower the public. Nathan also firmly believes it makes " @@ -11121,12 +11200,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8709 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8740 msgid "TeachAIDS" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8712 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8743 msgid "" "TeachAIDS is a nonprofit that creates educational materials designed to " "teach people around the world about HIV and AIDS. Founded in 2005 in the U." @@ -11134,29 +11213,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8717 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8748 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://teachaids.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8719 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8750 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: sponsorships" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8721 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8752 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: March 24, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8724 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8755 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: Piya Sorcar, the CEO, and " "Shuman Ghosemajumder, the chair" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8732 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8763 msgid "" "TeachAIDS is an unconventional media company with a conventional revenue " "model. Like most media companies, they are subsidized by advertising. " @@ -11165,7 +11244,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8738 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8769 msgid "" "But unlike most media companies, Teach-AIDS is a nonprofit organization with " "a purely social mission. TeachAIDS is dedicated to educating the global " @@ -11180,7 +11259,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8751 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8782 msgid "" "TeachAIDS is a labor of love for founder and CEO Piya Sorcar, who earns a " "salary of one dollar per year from the nonprofit. The project grew out of " @@ -11201,21 +11280,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8771 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8802 msgid "" "In late 2005, Piya and her team used research-based design to create new " "educational materials and worked with local partners in India to help " "distribute them. As soon as the animated software was posted online, Piya’s " "team started receiving requests from individuals and governments who were " -"interested in bringing this model to more countries. “We realized fairly " -"quickly that educating large populations about a topic that was considered " -"taboo would be challenging. We began by identifying optimal local partners " -"and worked toward creating an effective, culturally appropriate education,” " -"Piya said." +"interested in bringing this model to more countries. <quote>We realized " +"fairly quickly that educating large populations about a topic that was " +"considered taboo would be challenging. We began by identifying optimal local " +"partners and worked toward creating an effective, culturally appropriate " +"education,</quote> Piya said." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8783 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8814 msgid "" "Very shortly after the initial release, Piya’s team decided to spin the " "endeavor into an independent nonprofit out of Stanford University. They also " @@ -11223,34 +11302,35 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8789 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8820 msgid "" "Given their educational mission, TeachAIDS had an obvious interest in seeing " "the materials as widely shared as possible. But they also needed to preserve " "the integrity of the medical information in the content. They chose the " "Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs license (CC BY-NC-ND), which essentially " "gives the public the right to distribute only verbatim copies of the " -"content, and for noncommercial purposes. “We wanted attribution for " -"TeachAIDS, and we couldn’t stand by derivatives without vetting them,” the " -"cofounder and chair Shuman Ghosemajumder said. “It was almost a no-brainer " -"to go with a CC license because it was a plug-and-play solution to this " -"exact problem. It has allowed us to scale our materials safely and quickly " -"worldwide while preserving our content and protecting us at the same time.”" +"content, and for noncommercial purposes. <quote>We wanted attribution for " +"TeachAIDS, and we couldn’t stand by derivatives without vetting them,</" +"quote> the cofounder and chair Shuman Ghosemajumder said. <quote>It was " +"almost a no-brainer to go with a CC license because it was a plug-and-play " +"solution to this exact problem. It has allowed us to scale our materials " +"safely and quickly worldwide while preserving our content and protecting us " +"at the same time.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8804 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8836 msgid "" "Choosing a license that does not allow adaptation of the content was an " "outgrowth of the careful precision with which TeachAIDS crafts their " "content. The organization invests heavily in research and testing to " -"determine the best method of conveying the information. “Creating high-" -"quality content is what matters most to us,” Piya said. “Research drives " -"everything we do.”" +"determine the best method of conveying the information. <quote>Creating high-" +"quality content is what matters most to us,</quote> Piya said. " +"<quote>Research drives everything we do.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8812 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8845 msgid "" "One important finding was that people accept the message best when it comes " "from familiar voices they trust and admire. To achieve this, TeachAIDS " @@ -11261,7 +11341,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8821 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8854 msgid "" "Localization is probably the single-most important aspect of the way " "TeachAIDS creates its content. While each regional version builds from the " @@ -11277,7 +11357,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8836 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8869 msgid "" "The localization process relies heavily on volunteers. Their volunteer base " "is deeply committed to the cause, and the organization has had better luck " @@ -11294,7 +11374,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8852 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8885 msgid "" "TeachAIDS employs full-time employees, contractors, and volunteers, all in " "different capacities and organizational configurations. They are careful to " @@ -11307,29 +11387,29 @@ msgid "" "but highly controlled, creative process is undertaken entirely by people who " "are specifically brought on to help with a particular project, rather than " "ongoing staff. The final product they create is designed to require zero " -"training for people to implement in practice. “In our research, we found we " -"can’t depend on people passing on the information correctly, even if they " -"have the best of intentions,” Piya said. “We need materials where you can " -"push play and they will work.”" +"training for people to implement in practice. <quote>In our research, we " +"found we can’t depend on people passing on the information correctly, even " +"if they have the best of intentions,</quote> Piya said. <quote>We need " +"materials where you can push play and they will work.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8871 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8905 msgid "" "Piya’s team was able to produce all of these versions over several years " "with a head count that never exceeded eight full-time employees. The " "organization is able to reduce costs by relying heavily on volunteers and in-" "kind donations. Nevertheless, the nonprofit needed a sustainable revenue " "model to subsidize content creation and physical distribution of the " -"materials. Charging even a low price was simply not an option. “Educators " -"from various nonprofits around the world were just creating their own " -"materials using whatever they could find for free online,” Shuman said. “The " -"only way to persuade them to use our highly effective model was to make it " -"completely free.”" +"materials. Charging even a low price was simply not an option. " +"<quote>Educators from various nonprofits around the world were just creating " +"their own materials using whatever they could find for free online,</quote> " +"Shuman said. <quote>The only way to persuade them to use our highly " +"effective model was to make it completely free.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8884 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8918 msgid "" "Like many content creators offering their work for free, they settled on " "advertising as a funding model. But they were extremely careful not to let " @@ -11342,61 +11422,61 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8895 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8929 msgid "" "TeachAIDS is careful not to seek funding to cover the costs of a specific " "project. Instead, sponsorships are structured as unrestricted donations to " "the nonprofit. This gives the nonprofit more stability, but even more " "importantly, it enables them to subsidize projects being localized for an " -"area with no sponsors. “If we just created versions based on where we could " -"get sponsorships, we would only have materials for wealthier countries,” " -"Shuman said." +"area with no sponsors. <quote>If we just created versions based on where we " +"could get sponsorships, we would only have materials for wealthier countries," +"</quote> Shuman said." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8905 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8939 msgid "" -"As of 2016, TeachAIDS has dozens of sponsors. “When we go into a new " -"country, various companies hear about us and reach out to us,” Piya said. " -"“We don’t have to do much to find or attract them.” They believe the " -"sponsorships are easy to sell because they offer so much value to sponsors. " -"TeachAIDS sponsorships give corporations the chance to reach new eyeballs " -"with their brand, but at a much lower cost than other advertising channels. " -"The audience for TeachAIDS content also tends to skew young, which is often " -"a desirable demographic for brands. Unlike traditional advertising, the " -"content is not time-sensitive, so an investment in a sponsorship can benefit " -"a brand for many years to come." +"As of 2016, TeachAIDS has dozens of sponsors. <quote>When we go into a new " +"country, various companies hear about us and reach out to us,</quote> Piya " +"said. <quote>We don’t have to do much to find or attract them.</quote> They " +"believe the sponsorships are easy to sell because they offer so much value " +"to sponsors. TeachAIDS sponsorships give corporations the chance to reach " +"new eyeballs with their brand, but at a much lower cost than other " +"advertising channels. The audience for TeachAIDS content also tends to skew " +"young, which is often a desirable demographic for brands. Unlike traditional " +"advertising, the content is not time-sensitive, so an investment in a " +"sponsorship can benefit a brand for many years to come." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8918 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8953 msgid "" "Importantly, the value to corporate sponsors goes beyond commercial " "considerations. As a nonprofit with a clearly articulated social mission, " -"corporate sponsorships are donations to a cause. “This is something " -"companies can be proud of internally,” Shuman said. Some companies have even " -"built publicity campaigns around the fact that they have sponsored these " -"initiatives." +"corporate sponsorships are donations to a cause. <quote>This is something " +"companies can be proud of internally,</quote> Shuman said. Some companies " +"have even built publicity campaigns around the fact that they have sponsored " +"these initiatives." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8927 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8962 msgid "" "The core mission of TeachAIDS—ensuring global access to life-saving education" "—is at the root of everything the organization does. It underpins the work; " "it motivates the funders. The CC license on the materials they create " "furthers that mission, allowing them to safely and quickly scale their " -"materials worldwide. “The Creative Commons license has been a game changer " -"for TeachAIDS,” Piya said." +"materials worldwide. <quote>The Creative Commons license has been a game " +"changer for TeachAIDS,</quote> Piya said." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8937 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8972 msgid "Tribe of Noise" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8940 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8975 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise is a for-profit online music platform serving the film, TV, " "video, gaming, and in-store-media industries. Founded in 2008 in the " @@ -11404,24 +11484,24 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8945 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8980 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.tribeofnoise.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8950 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8985 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: January 26, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8953 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8988 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Hessel van Oorschot, " "cofounder" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8961 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8996 msgid "" "In the early 2000s, Hessel van Oorschot was an entrepreneur running a " "business where he coached other midsize entrepreneurs how to create an " @@ -11432,7 +11512,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8970 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9005 msgid "" "In 2005, Hessel and Sandra Brandenburg launched a niche video-production " "initiative. Almost immediately, they ran into issues around finding and " @@ -11444,19 +11524,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8980 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9015 msgid "" "They hired two lawyers to investigate further, and while they uncovered five " "or six examples, Hessel found the business models lacking. The lawyers " "expressed interest in being their legal team should they decide to pursue " -"this as an entrepreneurial opportunity. Hessel says, “When lawyers are " -"interested in a venture like this, you might have something special.” So " -"after some more research, in early 2008, Hessel and Sandra decided to build " -"a platform." +"this as an entrepreneurial opportunity. Hessel says, <quote>When lawyers are " +"interested in a venture like this, you might have something special.</quote> " +"So after some more research, in early 2008, Hessel and Sandra decided to " +"build a platform." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8990 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9025 msgid "" "Building a platform posed a real chicken-and-egg problem. The platform had " "to build an online community of music-rights holders and, at the same time, " @@ -11466,7 +11546,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8997 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9032 msgid "" "In July 2008, Tribe of Noise opened its virtual doors with a couple hundred " "musicians willing to use the CC BY-SA license (Attribution-ShareAlike) for a " @@ -11476,12 +11556,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9012 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9047 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.instoremusicservice.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9005 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9040 msgid "" "As they were growing the community, Hessel got a phone call from a company " "that made in-store music playlists asking if they had enough music licensed " @@ -11494,7 +11574,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9015 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9050 msgid "" "In most countries, artists, authors, and musicians join a collecting society " "that manages the licensing and helps collect the royalties. Copyright " @@ -11510,12 +11590,12 @@ msgid "" "hesitant and said no, but Tribe of Noise persisted arguing that they " "primarily work with unknown artists and provide them exposure in parts of " "the world where they don’t get airtime normally and a source of revenue—and " -"this convinced them that it was OK. However, Hessel says, “We are still " -"fighting for a good cause every single day.”" +"this convinced them that it was OK. However, Hessel says, <quote>We are " +"still fighting for a good cause every single day.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9036 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9071 msgid "" "Instead of building a large sales force, Tribe of Noise partnered with big " "organizations who have lots of clients and can act as a kind of Tribe of " @@ -11523,14 +11603,14 @@ msgid "" "sells Tribe’s In-store Music Service subscriptions to their business " "clients, which include fashion retailers and fitness centers. They have a " "similar deal with the leading trade association representing hotels and " -"restaurants in the country. Hessel hopes to “copy and paste” this service " -"into other countries where collecting societies understand what you can do " -"with Creative Commons. Outside of the Netherlands, early adoptions have " -"happened in Scandinavia, Belgium, and the U.S." +"restaurants in the country. Hessel hopes to <quote>copy and paste</quote> " +"this service into other countries where collecting societies understand what " +"you can do with Creative Commons. Outside of the Netherlands, early " +"adoptions have happened in Scandinavia, Belgium, and the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9049 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9085 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise doesn’t pay the musicians up front; they get paid when their " "music ends up in Tribe of Noise’s in-store music channels. The musicians’ " @@ -11540,12 +11620,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9065 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9101 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.tribeofnoise.com/info_instoremusic.php\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9057 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9093 msgid "" "A few of your songs [licensed with CC BY-SA], for example five in total, are " "selected for a bespoke in-store music channel broadcasting at a large " @@ -11558,7 +11638,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9068 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9104 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise has another model that does not involve Creative Commons. In " "a survey with members, most said they liked the exposure using Creative " @@ -11570,20 +11650,20 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9079 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9115 msgid "" "Hessel’s legal team took this feedback and created a second model and " "separate area of the platform called Tribe of Noise Pro. Songs uploaded to " "Tribe of Noise Pro aren’t Creative Commons licensed; Tribe of Noise has " -"instead created a “nonexclusive exploitation” contract, similar to a " -"Creative Commons license but allowing musicians to opt out whenever they " -"want. When you opt out, Tribe of Noise agrees to take your music off the " -"Tribe of Noise platform within one to two months. This lets the musician " +"instead created a <quote>nonexclusive exploitation</quote> contract, similar " +"to a Creative Commons license but allowing musicians to opt out whenever " +"they want. When you opt out, Tribe of Noise agrees to take your music off " +"the Tribe of Noise platform within one to two months. This lets the musician " "reuse their song for a better deal." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9090 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9126 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise Pro is primarily geared toward media makers who are looking " "for music. If they buy a license from this catalog, they don’t have to state " @@ -11593,7 +11673,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9098 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9134 msgid "" "Lots of Tribe of Noise musicians upload songs to both Tribe of Noise Pro and " "the community area of Tribe of Noises. There aren’t that many artists who " @@ -11602,7 +11682,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9104 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9140 msgid "" "Hessel sees the two as complementary. Both are needed for the model to work. " "With a whole generation of musicians interested in the sharing economy, the " @@ -11612,7 +11692,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9112 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9148 msgid "" "Every musician who joins Tribe of Noise gets their own home page and free " "unlimited Web space to upload as much of their own music as they like. Tribe " @@ -11625,7 +11705,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9123 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9159 msgid "" "Another way Tribe of Noise creates community and interest is with contests, " "which are organized in partnership with Tribe of Noise clients. The client " @@ -11636,7 +11716,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9133 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9169 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise now has twenty-seven thousand members from 192 countries, and " "many are exploring do-it-yourself models for generating revenue. Some came " @@ -11650,7 +11730,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9145 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9181 msgid "" "It’s not uncommon for performance-rights organizations, record labels, or " "music publishers to sign contracts with musicians based on exclusivity. Such " @@ -11668,7 +11748,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9162 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9198 msgid "" "For Hessel the key to Tribe of Noise’s success is trust. The fact that " "Creative Commons licenses work the same way all over the world and have been " @@ -11681,46 +11761,46 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9174 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9210 msgid "Wikimedia Foundation" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9177 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9213 msgid "" "The Wikimedia Foundation is the nonprofit organization that hosts Wikipedia " "and its sister projects. Founded in 2003 in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9182 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9218 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://wikimediafoundation.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9184 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9220 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: donations" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9186 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9222 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: December 18, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9189 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9225 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: Luis Villa, former Chief " "Officer of Community Engagement, and Stephen LaPorte, legal counsel" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9198 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9234 msgid "Nearly every person with an online presence knows Wikipedia." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9201 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9237 msgid "" "In many ways, it is the preeminent open project: The online encyclopedia is " "created entirely by volunteers. Anyone in the world can edit the articles. " @@ -11730,7 +11810,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9209 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9245 msgid "" "As of December 2016, there were more than forty-two million articles in the " "295 language editions of the online encyclopedia, according to—what else?—" @@ -11738,7 +11818,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9214 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9250 msgid "" "The Wikimedia Foundation is a U.S.-based nonprofit organization that owns " "the Wikipedia domain name and hosts the site, along with many other related " @@ -11754,16 +11834,16 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9228 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9264 msgid "" -"As Wikimedia legal counsel Stephen LaPorte told us, “There is a common " -"saying that Wikipedia works in practice but not in theory.” While it " +"As Wikimedia legal counsel Stephen LaPorte told us, <quote>There is a common " +"saying that Wikipedia works in practice but not in theory.</quote> While it " "undoubtedly has its challenges and flaws, Wikipedia and its sister projects " "are a striking testament to the power of human collaboration." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9235 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9271 msgid "" "Because of its extraordinary breadth and scope, it does feel a bit like a " "unicorn. Indeed, there is nothing else like Wikipedia. Still, much of what " @@ -11774,7 +11854,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9244 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9280 msgid "" "The story of Wikipedia has been told many times. For our purposes, it is " "enough to know the experiment started in 2001 at a small scale, inspired by " @@ -11788,46 +11868,47 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9256 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9292 msgid "" "The nature of the content the community creates is ideal for asynchronous " -"cocreation. “An encyclopedia is something where incremental community " -"improvement really works,” Luis Villa, former Chief Officer of Community " -"Engagement, told us. The rules and processes that govern cocreation on " -"Wikipedia and its sister projects are all community-driven and vary by " -"language edition. There are entire books written on the intricacies of " -"their systems, but generally speaking, there are very few exceptions to the " -"rule that anyone can edit any article, even without an account on their " +"cocreation. <quote>An encyclopedia is something where incremental community " +"improvement really works,</quote> Luis Villa, former Chief Officer of " +"Community Engagement, told us. The rules and processes that govern " +"cocreation on Wikipedia and its sister projects are all community-driven and " +"vary by language edition. There are entire books written on the intricacies " +"of their systems, but generally speaking, there are very few exceptions to " +"the rule that anyone can edit any article, even without an account on their " "system. The extensive peer-review process includes elaborate systems to " "resolve disputes, methods for managing particularly controversial subject " "areas, talk pages explaining decisions, and much, much more. The Wikimedia " "Foundation’s decision to leave governance of the projects to the community " -"is very deliberate. “We look at the things that the community can do well, " -"and we want to let them do those things,” Stephen told us. Instead, the " -"foundation focuses its time and resources on what the community cannot do as " -"effectively, like the software engineering that supports the technical " -"infrastructure of the sites. In 2015-16, about half of the foundation’s " -"budget went to direct support for the Wikimedia sites." +"is very deliberate. <quote>We look at the things that the community can do " +"well, and we want to let them do those things,</quote> Stephen told us. " +"Instead, the foundation focuses its time and resources on what the community " +"cannot do as effectively, like the software engineering that supports the " +"technical infrastructure of the sites. In 2015-16, about half of the " +"foundation’s budget went to direct support for the Wikimedia sites." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9279 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9316 msgid "" "Some of that is directed at servers and general IT support, but the " "foundation also invests a significant amount on architecture designed to " -"help the site function as effectively as possible. “There is a constantly " -"evolving system to keep the balance in place to avoid Wikipedia becoming the " -"world’s biggest graffiti wall,” Luis said. Depending on how you measure it, " -"somewhere between 90 to 98 percent of edits to Wikipedia are positive. Some " -"portion of that success is attributable to the tools Wikimedia has in place " -"to try to incentivize good actors. “The secret to having any healthy " -"community is bringing back the right people,” Luis said. “Vandals tend to " -"get bored and go away. That is partially our model working, and partially " -"just human nature.” Most of the time, people want to do the right thing." +"help the site function as effectively as possible. <quote>There is a " +"constantly evolving system to keep the balance in place to avoid Wikipedia " +"becoming the world’s biggest graffiti wall,</quote> Luis said. Depending on " +"how you measure it, somewhere between 90 to 98 percent of edits to Wikipedia " +"are positive. Some portion of that success is attributable to the tools " +"Wikimedia has in place to try to incentivize good actors. <quote>The secret " +"to having any healthy community is bringing back the right people,</quote> " +"Luis said. <quote>Vandals tend to get bored and go away. That is partially " +"our model working, and partially just human nature.</quote> Most of the " +"time, people want to do the right thing." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9294 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9332 msgid "" "Wikipedia not only relies on good behavior within its community and on its " "sites, but also by everyone else once the content leaves Wikipedia. All of " @@ -11835,20 +11916,20 @@ msgid "" "(CC BY-SA), which means it can be used for any purpose and modified so long " "as credit is given and anything new is shared back with the public under the " "same license. In theory, that means anyone can copy the content and start a " -"new Wikipedia. But as Stephen explained, “Being open has only made Wikipedia " -"bigger and stronger. The desire to protect is not always what is best for " -"everyone.”" +"new Wikipedia. But as Stephen explained, <quote>Being open has only made " +"Wikipedia bigger and stronger. The desire to protect is not always what is " +"best for everyone.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9318 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9356 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://gimletmedia.com/episode/14-the-art-of-making-and-fixing-" "mistakes/\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9306 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9344 msgid "" "Of course, the primary reason no one has successfully co-opted Wikipedia is " "that copycat efforts do not have the Wikipedia community to sustain what " @@ -11857,18 +11938,18 @@ msgid "" "in a million different ways, in a million different capacities, for a " "million different reasons. While many have tried to guess what makes " "Wikipedia work as well it does, the fact is there is no single explanation. " -"“In a movement as large as ours, there is an incredible diversity of " -"motivations,” Stephen said. For example, there is one editor of the English " -"Wikipedia edition who has corrected a single grammatical error in articles " -"more than forty-eight thousand times.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/" -"> Only a fraction of Wikipedia users are also editors. But editing is not " -"the only way to contribute to Wikipedia. “Some donate text, some donate " -"images, some donate financially,” Stephen told us. “They are all " -"contributors.”" +"<quote>In a movement as large as ours, there is an incredible diversity of " +"motivations,</quote> Stephen said. For example, there is one editor of the " +"English Wikipedia edition who has corrected a single grammatical error in " +"articles more than forty-eight thousand times.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " +"id=\"0\"/> Only a fraction of Wikipedia users are also editors. But editing " +"is not the only way to contribute to Wikipedia. <quote>Some donate text, " +"some donate images, some donate financially,</quote> Stephen told us. " +"<quote>They are all contributors.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9324 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9363 msgid "" "But the vast majority of us who use Wikipedia are not contributors; we are " "passive readers. The Wikimedia Foundation survives primarily on individual " @@ -11880,7 +11961,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9334 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9373 msgid "" "The foundation has a fund-raising team that works year-round to raise money, " "but the bulk of their revenue comes in during the December campaign in " @@ -11892,7 +11973,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9345 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9384 msgid "" "The vision of the Wikimedia Foundation is a world in which every single " "human being can freely share in the sum of all knowledge. They work to " @@ -11904,7 +11985,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9354 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9393 msgid "" "The philosophy behind the endeavor also enables the foundation to be " "financially sustainable. It instills trust in their readership, which is " @@ -11913,30 +11994,31 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9360 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9399 msgid "" "Any given edit on Wikipedia could be motivated by nearly an infinite number " "of reasons. But the social mission of the project is what binds the global " -"community together. “Wikipedia is an example of how a mission can motivate " -"an entire movement,” Stephen told us." +"community together. <quote>Wikipedia is an example of how a mission can " +"motivate an entire movement,</quote> Stephen told us." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9367 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9406 msgid "" "Of course, what results from that movement is one of the Internet’s great " -"public resources. “The Internet has a lot of businesses and stores, but it " -"is missing the digital equivalent of parks and open public spaces,” Stephen " -"said. “Wikipedia has found a way to be that open public space.”" +"public resources. <quote>The Internet has a lot of businesses and stores, " +"but it is missing the digital equivalent of parks and open public spaces,</" +"quote> Stephen said. <quote>Wikipedia has found a way to be that open " +"public space.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9376 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9416 msgid "Bibliography" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9378 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9418 msgid "" "Alperovitz, Gar. What Then Must We Do? Straight Talk about the Next American " "Revolution; Democratizing Wealth and Building a Community-Sustaining Economy " @@ -11944,33 +12026,33 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9384 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9424 msgid "" "Anderson, Chris. Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by Giving " "Something for Nothing, reprint with new preface. New York: Hyperion, 2010." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9389 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9429 msgid "———. Makers: The New Industrial Revolution. New York: Signal, 2012." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9392 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9432 msgid "" "Ariely, Dan. Predictably Irrational: The Hidden Forces That Shape Our " -"Decisions. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Perennial, 2010." +"Decisions. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Perennial, 2010." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9396 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9436 msgid "" "Bacon, Jono. The Art of Community. 2nd ed. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, " "2012." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9400 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9440 msgid "" "Benkler, Yochai. The Wealth of Networks: How Social Production Transforms " "Markets and Freedom. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2006. <ulink url=" @@ -11979,7 +12061,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9407 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9447 msgid "" "Benyayer, Louis-David, ed. Open Models: Business Models of the Open Economy. " "Cachan, France: Without Model, 2016. <ulink url=\"http://www.slideshare.net/" @@ -11987,7 +12069,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9413 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9453 msgid "" "Bollier, David. Commoning as a Transformative Social Paradigm. Paper " "commissioned by the Next Systems Project. Washington, DC: Democracy " @@ -11996,14 +12078,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9419 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9459 msgid "" "———. Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of the Commons. " "Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9423 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9463 msgid "" "Bollier, David, and Pat Conaty. Democratic Money and Capital for the " "Commons: Strategies for Transforming Neoliberal Finance through Commons-" @@ -12015,56 +12097,56 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9433 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9473 msgid "" "Bollier, David, and Silke Helfrich, eds. The Wealth of the Commons: A World " "Beyond Market and State. Amherst, MA: Levellers Press, 2012." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9437 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9477 msgid "" "Botsman, Rachel, and Roo Rogers. What’s Mine Is Yours: The Rise of " "Collaborative Consumption. New York: Harper Business, 2010." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9441 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9481 msgid "" "Boyle, James. The Public Domain: Enclosing the Commons of the Mind. New " "Haven: Yale University Press, 2008." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9444 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9484 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.thepublicdomain.org/download/\"/> (licensed under CC " "BY-NC-SA)." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9448 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9488 msgid "" "Capra, Fritjof, and Ugo Mattei. The Ecology of Law: Toward a Legal System in " "Tune with Nature and Community. Oakland, CA: Berrett-Koehler, 2015." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9453 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9493 msgid "" "Chesbrough, Henry. Open Business Models: How to Thrive in the New Innovation " "Landscape. Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 2006." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9457 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9497 msgid "" "———. Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and Profiting from " "Technology. Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2006." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9461 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9501 msgid "" "City of Bologna. Regulation on Collaboration between Citizens and the City " "for the Care and Regeneration of Urban Commons. Translated by LabGov " @@ -12075,37 +12157,38 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9468 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9508 msgid "" -"Cole, Daniel H. “Learning from Lin: Lessons and Cautions from the Natural " -"Commons for the Knowledge Commons.” Chap. 2 in Frischmann, Madison, and " -"Strandburg, Governing Knowledge Commons." +"Cole, Daniel H. <quote>Learning from Lin: Lessons and Cautions from the " +"Natural Commons for the Knowledge Commons.</quote> Chap. 2 in Frischmann, " +"Madison, and Strandburg, Governing Knowledge Commons." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9473 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9513 msgid "" "Creative Commons. 2015 State of the Commons. Mountain View, CA: Creative " "Commons, 2015. <ulink url=\"http://stateof.creativecommons.org/2015/\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9478 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9518 msgid "" "Doctorow, Cory. Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: Laws for the Internet " "Age. San Francisco: McSweeney’s, 2014." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9482 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9522 msgid "" -"Eckhardt, Giana, and Fleura Bardhi. “The Sharing Economy Isn’t about Sharing " -"at All.” Harvard Business Review, January 28, 2015. <ulink url=\"http://hbr." -"org/2015/01/the-sharing-economy-isnt-about-sharing-at-all\"/>." +"Eckhardt, Giana, and Fleura Bardhi. <quote>The Sharing Economy Isn’t about " +"Sharing at All.</quote> Harvard Business Review, January 28, 2015. <ulink " +"url=\"http://hbr.org/2015/01/the-sharing-economy-isnt-about-sharing-at-all\"/" +">." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9487 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9528 msgid "" "Elliott, Patricia W., and Daryl H. Hepting, eds. (2015). Free Knowledge: " "Confronting the Commodification of Human Discovery. Regina, SK: University " @@ -12114,164 +12197,166 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9494 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9535 msgid "" "Eyal, Nir. Hooked: How to Build Habit-Forming Products. With Ryan Hoover. " "New York: Portfolio, 2014." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9498 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9539 msgid "" -"Farley, Joshua, and Ida Kubiszewski. “The Economics of Information in a Post-" -"Carbon Economy.” Chap. 11 in Elliott and Hepting, Free Knowledge." +"Farley, Joshua, and Ida Kubiszewski. <quote>The Economics of Information in " +"a Post-Carbon Economy.</quote> Chap. 11 in Elliott and Hepting, Free " +"Knowledge." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9503 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9544 msgid "" -"Foster, William Landes, Peter Kim, and Barbara Christiansen. “Ten Nonprofit " -"Funding Models.” Stanford Social Innovation Review, Spring 2009. <ulink url=" -"\"http://ssir.org/articles/entry/ten_nonprofit_funding_models\"/>." +"Foster, William Landes, Peter Kim, and Barbara Christiansen. <quote>Ten " +"Nonprofit Funding Models.</quote> Stanford Social Innovation Review, Spring " +"2009. <ulink url=\"http://ssir.org/articles/entry/" +"ten_nonprofit_funding_models\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9509 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9550 msgid "" "Frischmann, Brett M. Infrastructure: The Social Value of Shared Resources. " "New York: Oxford University Press, 2012." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9513 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9554 msgid "" "Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg, eds. " "Governing Knowledge Commons. New York: Oxford University Press, 2014." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9518 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9559 msgid "" "Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg. " -"“Governing Knowledge Commons.” Chap. 1 in Frischmann, Madison, and " -"Strandburg, Governing Knowledge Commons." +"<quote>Governing Knowledge Commons.</quote> Chap. 1 in Frischmann, Madison, " +"and Strandburg, Governing Knowledge Commons." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9523 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9564 msgid "" "Gansky, Lisa. The Mesh: Why the Future of Business Is Sharing. Reprint with " "new epilogue. New York: Portfolio, 2012." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9527 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9568 msgid "" "Grant, Adam. Give and Take: Why Helping Others Drives Our Success. New " "York: Viking, 2013." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9531 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9572 msgid "" "Haiven, Max. Crises of Imagination, Crises of Power: Capitalism, Creativity " "and the Commons. New York: Zed Books, 2014." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9535 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9576 msgid "" "Harris, Malcom, ed. Share or Die: Voices of the Get Lost Generation in the " "Age of Crisis. With Neal Gorenflo. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2012." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9540 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9581 msgid "" "Hermida, Alfred. Tell Everyone: Why We Share and Why It Matters. Toronto: " "Doubleday Canada, 2014." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9544 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9585 msgid "" "Hyde, Lewis. Common as Air: Revolution, Art, and Ownership. New York: " "Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2010." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9548 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9589 msgid "" "———. The Gift: Creativity and the Artist in the Modern World. 2nd Vintage " "Books edition. New York: Vintage Books, 2007." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9552 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9593 msgid "" "Kelley, Tom, and David Kelley. Creative Confidence: Unleashing the Potential " "within Us All. New York: Crown, 2013." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9556 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9597 msgid "" "Kelly, Marjorie. Owning Our Future: The Emerging Ownership Revolution; " "Journeys to a Generative Economy. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2012." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9561 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9602 msgid "" "Kleon, Austin. Show Your Work: 10 Ways to Share Your Creativity and Get " "Discovered. New York: Workman, 2014." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9565 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9606 msgid "" "———. Steal Like an Artist: 10 Things Nobody Told You about Being Creative. " "New York: Workman, 2012." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9569 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9610 msgid "" "Kramer, Bryan. Shareology: How Sharing Is Powering the Human Economy. New " "York: Morgan James, 2016." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9573 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9614 msgid "" -"Lee, David. “Inside Medium: An Attempt to Bring Civility to the Internet.” " -"BBC News, March 3, 2016. <ulink url=\"http://www.bbc.com/news/" -"technology-35709680\"/>" +"Lee, David. <quote>Inside Medium: An Attempt to Bring Civility to the " +"Internet.</quote> BBC News, March 3, 2016. <ulink url=\"http://www.bbc.com/" +"news/technology-35709680\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9578 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9619 msgid "" "Lessig, Lawrence. Remix: Making Art and Commerce Thrive in the Hybrid " "Economy. New York: Penguin Press, 2008." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9582 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9623 msgid "" "Menzies, Heather. Reclaiming the Commons for the Common Good: A Memoir and " "Manifesto. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9586 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9627 msgid "" "Mason, Paul. Postcapitalism: A Guide to Our Future. New York: Farrar, Straus " "and Giroux, 2015." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9590 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9631 msgid "" "New York Times Customer Insight Group. The Psychology of Sharing: Why Do " "People Share Online? New York: New York Times Customer Insight Group, 2011. " @@ -12279,7 +12364,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9596 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9637 msgid "" "Osterwalder, Alex, and Yves Pigneur. Business Model Generation. Hoboken, " "NJ: John Wiley and Sons, 2010. A preview of the book is available at <ulink " @@ -12287,7 +12372,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9602 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9643 msgid "" "Osterwalder, Alex, Yves Pigneur, Greg Bernarda, and Adam Smith. Value " "Proposition Design. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons, 2014. A preview of the " @@ -12296,14 +12381,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9608 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9649 msgid "" "Palmer, Amanda. The Art of Asking: Or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Let " "People Help. New York: Grand Central, 2014." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9612 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9653 msgid "" "Pekel, Joris. Democratising the Rijksmuseum: Why Did the Rijksmuseum Make " "Available Their Highest Quality Material without Restrictions, and What Are " @@ -12313,7 +12398,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9620 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9661 msgid "" "Ramos, José Maria, ed. The City as Commons: A Policy Reader. Melbourne, " "Australia: Commons Transition Coalition, 2016. <ulink url=\"http://www." @@ -12322,16 +12407,16 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9626 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9667 msgid "" "Raymond, Eric S. The Cathedral and the Bazaar: Musings on Linux and Open " -"Source by an Accidental Revolutionary. Rev. ed. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly " -"Media, 2001. See esp. “The Magic Cauldron.” <ulink url=\"http://www.catb.org/" -"esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/\"/>." +"Source by an Accidental Revolutionary. Rev. ed. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly " +"Media, 2001. See esp. <quote>The Magic Cauldron.</quote> <ulink url=\"http://" +"www.catb.org/esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9632 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9673 msgid "" "Ries, Eric. The Lean Startup: How Today’s Entrepreneurs Use Continuous " "Innovation to Create Radically Successful Businesses. New York: Crown " @@ -12339,7 +12424,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9637 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9678 msgid "" "Rifkin, Jeremy. The Zero Marginal Cost Society: The Internet of Things, the " "Collaborative Commons, and the Eclipse of Capitalism. New York: Palgrave " @@ -12347,74 +12432,74 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9642 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9683 msgid "" "Rowe, Jonathan. Our Common Wealth. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9646 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9687 msgid "" "Rushkoff, Douglas. Throwing Rocks at the Google Bus: How Growth Became the " "Enemy of Prosperity. New York: Portfolio, 2016." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9650 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9691 msgid "" "Sandel, Michael J. What Money Can’t Buy: The Moral Limits of Markets. New " "York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2012." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9654 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9695 msgid "" "Shirky, Clay. Cognitive Surplus: How Technology Makes Consumers into " "Collaborators. London, England: Penguin Books, 2010." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9658 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9699 msgid "" "Slee, Tom. What’s Yours Is Mine: Against the Sharing Economy. New York: OR " "Books, 2015." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9662 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9703 msgid "" "Stephany, Alex. The Business of Sharing: Making in the New Sharing Economy. " "New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9666 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9707 msgid "" "Stepper, John. Working Out Loud: For a Better Career and Life. New York: " "Ikigai Press, 2015." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9670 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9711 msgid "" "Sull, Donald, and Kathleen M. Eisenhardt. Simple Rules: How to Thrive in a " "Complex World. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2015." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9674 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9715 msgid "" "Sundararajan, Arun. The Sharing Economy: The End of Employment and the Rise " "of Crowd-Based Capitalism. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2016." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9678 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9719 msgid "Surowiecki, James. The Wisdom of Crowds. New York: Anchor Books, 2005." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9682 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9723 msgid "" "Tapscott, Don, and Alex Tapscott. Blockchain Revolution: How the Technology " "Behind Bitcoin Is Changing Money, Business, and the World. Toronto: " @@ -12422,21 +12507,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9687 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9728 msgid "" "Tharp, Twyla. The Creative Habit: Learn It and Use It for Life. With Mark " "Reiter. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2006." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9691 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9732 msgid "" "Tkacz, Nathaniel. Wikipedia and the Politics of Openness. Chicago: " "University of Chicago Press, 2015." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9695 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9736 msgid "" "Van Abel, Bass, Lucas Evers, Roel Klaassen, and Peter Troxler, eds. Open " "Design Now: Why Design Cannot Remain Exclusive. Amsterdam: BIS Publishers, " @@ -12446,7 +12531,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9703 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9744 msgid "" "Van den Hoff, Ronald. Mastering the Global Transition on Our Way to Society " "3.0. Utrecht, the Netherlands: Society 3.0 Foundation, 2014. <ulink url=" @@ -12454,7 +12539,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9709 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9750 msgid "" "Von Hippel, Eric. Democratizing Innovation. London: MIT Press, 2005. <ulink " "url=\"http://web.mit.edu/evhippel/www/democ1.htm\"/> (licensed under CC BY-" @@ -12462,19 +12547,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9714 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9755 msgid "" "Whitehurst, Jim. The Open Organization: Igniting Passion and Performance. " "Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2015." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9719 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9760 msgid "Acknowledgments" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9721 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9762 msgid "" "We extend special thanks to Creative Commons CEO Ryan Merkley, the Creative " "Commons Board, and all of our Creative Commons colleagues for " @@ -12484,7 +12569,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9728 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9769 msgid "" "Huge appreciation to all the Made with Creative Commons interviewees for " "sharing their stories with us. You make the commons come alive. Thanks for " @@ -12492,7 +12577,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9733 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9774 msgid "" "We interviewed more than the twenty-four organizations profiled in this " "book. We extend special thanks to Gooru, OERu, Sage Bionetworks, and Medium " @@ -12502,7 +12587,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9741 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9782 msgid "" "This book was made possible by the generous support of 1,687 Kickstarter " "backers listed below. We especially acknowledge our many Kickstarter co-" @@ -12511,7 +12596,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9747 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9788 msgid "" "Co-editor Kickstarter backers (alphabetically by first name): Abraham " "Taherivand, Alan Graham, Alfredo Louro, Anatoly Volynets, Aurora Thornton, " @@ -12560,7 +12645,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9798 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9839 msgid "" "All other Kickstarter backers (alphabetically by first name): A. Lee, Aaron " "C. Rathbun, Aaron Stubbs, Aaron Suggs, Abdul Razak Manaf, Abraham " @@ -12652,7 +12737,7 @@ msgid "" "Kiefer, Dirk Loop, DJ Fusion - FuseBox Radio Broadcast, Dom jurkewitz, Dom " "Lane, Domi Enders, Domingo Gallardo, Dominic de Haas, Dominique Karadjian, " "Dongpo Deng, Donnovan Knight, Door de Flines, Doug Fitzpatrick, Doug Hoover, " -"Douglas Craver, Douglas Van Camp, Douglas Van Houweling, Dr. Braddlee, Drew " +"Douglas Craver, Douglas Van Camp, Douglas Van Houweling, Dr. Braddlee, Drew " "Spencer, Duncan Sample, Durand D’souza, Dylan Field, E C Humphries, Eamon " "Caddigan, Earleen Smith, Eden Sarid, Eden Spodek, Eduardo Belinchon, Eduardo " "Castro, Edwin Vandam, Einar Joergensen, Ejnar Brendsdal, Elad Wieder, Elar " @@ -12788,35 +12873,35 @@ msgid "" "Chelen, Mike Habicher, Mike Maloney, Mike Masnick, Mike McDaniel, Mike " "Pouraryan, Mike Sheldon, Mike Stop Continues, Mike Stringer, Mike " "Wittenstein, Mikkel Ovesen, Mikołaj Podlaszewski, Millie Gonzalez, Mindi " -"Lovell, Mindy Lin, Mirko “Macro” Fichtner, Mitch Featherston, Mitchell " -"Adams, Molika Oum, Molly Shaffer Van Houweling, Monica Mora, Morgan Loomis, " -"Moritz Schubert, Mrs. Paganini, Mushin Schilling, Mustafa K Calik, MD, Myk " -"Pilgrim, Myra Harmer, Nadine Forget-Dubois, Nagle Industries, LLC, Nah Wee " -"Yang, Natalie Brown, Natalie Freed, Nathan D Howell, Nathan Massey, Nathan " -"Miller, Neal Gorenflo, Neal McBurnett, Neal Stimler, Neil Wilson, Nele " -"Wollert, Neuchee Chang, Niall McDonagh, Niall Twohig, Nic McPhee, Nicholas " -"Bentley, Nicholas Koran, Nicholas Norfolk, Nicholas Potter, Nick Bell, Nick " -"Coghlan, Nick Isaacs, Nick M. Daly, Nick Vance, Nickolay Vedernikov, Nicky " -"Weaver-Weinberg, Nico Prin, Nicolas Weidinger, Nicole Hickman, Niek " -"Theunissen, Nigel Robertson, Nikki Thompson, Nikko Marie, Nikola Chernev, " -"Nils Lavesson, Noah Blumenson-Cook, Noah Fang, Noah Kardos-Fein, Noah " -"Meyerhans, Noel Hanigan, Noel Hart, Norrie Mailer, O.P. Gobée, Ohad Mayblum, " -"Olivia Wilson, Olivier De Doncker, Olivier Schulbaum, Olle Ahnve, Omar " -"Kaminski, Omar Willey, OpenBuilds, Ove Ødegård, Øystein Kjærnet, Pablo López " -"Soriano, Pablo Vasquez, Pacific Design, Paige Mackay, Papp István Péter, " -"Paris Marx, Parker Higgins, Pasquale Borriello, Pat Allan, Pat Hawks, Pat " -"Ludwig, Pat Sticks, Patricia Brennan, Patricia Rosnel, Patricia Wolf, " -"Patrick Berry, Patrick Beseda, Patrick Hurley, Patrick M. Lozeau, Patrick " -"McCabe, Patrick Nafarrete, Patrick Tanguay, Patrick von Hauff, Patrik " -"Kernstock, Patti J Ryan, Paul A Golder, Paul and Iris Brest, Paul Bailey, " -"Paul Bryan, Paul Bunkham, Paul Elosegui, Paul Hibbitts, Paul Jacobson, Paul " -"Keller, Paul Rowe, Paul Timpson, Paul Walker, Pavel Dostál, Peeter Sällström " -"Randsalu, Peggy Frith, Pen-Yuan Hsing, Penny Pearson, Per Åström, Perry " -"Jetter, Péter Fankhauser, Peter Hirtle, Peter Humphries, Peter Jenkins, " -"Peter Langmar, Peter le Roux, Peter Marinari, Peter Mengelers, Peter " -"O’Brien, Peter Pinch, Peter S. Crosby, Peter Wells, Petr Fristedt, Petr " -"Viktorin, Petronella Jeurissen, Phil Flickinger, Philip Chung, Philip " -"Pangrac, Philip R. Skaggs Jr., Philip Young, Philippa Lorne Channer, " +"Lovell, Mindy Lin, Mirko <quote>Macro</quote> Fichtner, Mitch Featherston, " +"Mitchell Adams, Molika Oum, Molly Shaffer Van Houweling, Monica Mora, Morgan " +"Loomis, Moritz Schubert, Mrs. Paganini, Mushin Schilling, Mustafa K Calik, " +"MD, Myk Pilgrim, Myra Harmer, Nadine Forget-Dubois, Nagle Industries, LLC, " +"Nah Wee Yang, Natalie Brown, Natalie Freed, Nathan D Howell, Nathan Massey, " +"Nathan Miller, Neal Gorenflo, Neal McBurnett, Neal Stimler, Neil Wilson, " +"Nele Wollert, Neuchee Chang, Niall McDonagh, Niall Twohig, Nic McPhee, " +"Nicholas Bentley, Nicholas Koran, Nicholas Norfolk, Nicholas Potter, Nick " +"Bell, Nick Coghlan, Nick Isaacs, Nick M. Daly, Nick Vance, Nickolay " +"Vedernikov, Nicky Weaver-Weinberg, Nico Prin, Nicolas Weidinger, Nicole " +"Hickman, Niek Theunissen, Nigel Robertson, Nikki Thompson, Nikko Marie, " +"Nikola Chernev, Nils Lavesson, Noah Blumenson-Cook, Noah Fang, Noah Kardos-" +"Fein, Noah Meyerhans, Noel Hanigan, Noel Hart, Norrie Mailer, O.P. Gobée, " +"Ohad Mayblum, Olivia Wilson, Olivier De Doncker, Olivier Schulbaum, Olle " +"Ahnve, Omar Kaminski, Omar Willey, OpenBuilds, Ove Ødegård, Øystein Kjærnet, " +"Pablo López Soriano, Pablo Vasquez, Pacific Design, Paige Mackay, Papp " +"István Péter, Paris Marx, Parker Higgins, Pasquale Borriello, Pat Allan, Pat " +"Hawks, Pat Ludwig, Pat Sticks, Patricia Brennan, Patricia Rosnel, Patricia " +"Wolf, Patrick Berry, Patrick Beseda, Patrick Hurley, Patrick M. Lozeau, " +"Patrick McCabe, Patrick Nafarrete, Patrick Tanguay, Patrick von Hauff, " +"Patrik Kernstock, Patti J Ryan, Paul A Golder, Paul and Iris Brest, Paul " +"Bailey, Paul Bryan, Paul Bunkham, Paul Elosegui, Paul Hibbitts, Paul " +"Jacobson, Paul Keller, Paul Rowe, Paul Timpson, Paul Walker, Pavel Dostál, " +"Peeter Sällström Randsalu, Peggy Frith, Pen-Yuan Hsing, Penny Pearson, Per " +"Åström, Perry Jetter, Péter Fankhauser, Peter Hirtle, Peter Humphries, Peter " +"Jenkins, Peter Langmar, Peter le Roux, Peter Marinari, Peter Mengelers, " +"Peter O’Brien, Peter Pinch, Peter S. Crosby, Peter Wells, Petr Fristedt, " +"Petr Viktorin, Petronella Jeurissen, Phil Flickinger, Philip Chung, Philip " +"Pangrac, Philip R. Skaggs Jr., Philip Young, Philippa Lorne Channer, " "Philippe Vandenbroeck, Pierluigi Luisi, Pierre Suter, Pieter-Jan Pauwels, " "Playground Inc., Pomax, Popenoe, Pouhiou Noenaute, Prilutskiy Kirill, " "Print3Dreams Ltd., Quentin Coispeau, R. Smith, Race DiLoreto, Rachel Mercer, " @@ -12824,36 +12909,36 @@ msgid "" "Ralph Chapoteau, Randall Kirby, Randy Brians, Raphaël Alexandre, Raphaël " "Schröder, Rasmus Jensen, Rayn Drahps, Rayna Stamboliyska, Rebecca Godar, " "Rebecca Lendl, Rebecca Weir, Regina Tschud, Remi Dino, Ric Herrero, Rich " -"McCue, Richard “TalkToMeGuy” Olson, Richard Best, Richard Blumberg, Richard " -"Fannon, Richard Heying, Richard Karnesky, Richard Kelly, Richard Littauer, " -"Richard Sobey, Richard White, Richard Winchell, Rik ToeWater, Rita Lewis, " -"Rita Wood, Riyadh Al Balushi, Rob Balder, Rob Berkley, Rob Bertholf, Rob " -"Emanuele, Rob McAuliffe, Rob McKaughan, Rob Tillie, Rob Utter, Rob Vincent, " -"Robert Gaffney, Robert Jones, Robert Kelly, Robert Lawlis, Robert McDonald, " -"Robert Orzanna, Robert Paterson Hunter, Robert R. Daniel Jr., Robert Ryan-" -"Silva, Robert Thompson, Robert Wagoner, Roberto Selvaggio, Robin DeRosa, " -"Robin Rist Kildal, Rodrigo Castilhos, Roger Bacon, Roger Saner, Roger So, " -"Roger Solé, Roger Tregear, Roland Tanglao, Rolf and Mari von Walthausen, " -"Rolf Egstad, Rolf Schaller, Ron Zuijlen, Ronald Bissell, Ronald van den " -"Hoff, Ronda Snow, Rory Landon Aronson, Ross Findlay, Ross Pruden, Ross " -"Williams, Rowan Skewes, Roy Ivy III, Ruben Flores, Rupert Hitzenberger, Rusi " -"Popov, Russ Antonucci, Russ Spollin, Russell Brand, Rute Correia, Ruth Ann " -"Carpenter, Ruth White, Ryan Mentock, Ryan Merkley, Ryan Price, Ryan Sasaki, " -"Ryan Singer, Ryan Voisin, Ryan Weir, S Searle, Salem Bin Kenaid, Salomon " -"Riedo, Sam Hokin, Sam Twidale, Samantha Levin, Samantha-Jayne Chapman, " -"Samarth Agarwal, Sami Al-AbdRabbuh, Samuel A. Rebelsky, Samuel Goëta, Samuel " -"Hauser, Samuel Landete, Samuel Oliveira Cersosimo, Samuel Tait, Sandra " -"Fauconnier, Sandra Markus, Sandy Bjar, Sandy ONeil, Sang-Phil Ju, Sanjay " -"Basu, Santiago Garcia, Sara Armstrong, Sara Lucca, Sara Rodriguez Marin, " -"Sarah Brand, Sarah Cove, Sarah Curran, Sarah Gold, Sarah McGovern, Sarah " -"Smith, Sarinee Achavanuntakul, Sasha Moss, Sasha VanHoven, Saul Gasca, Scott " -"Abbott, Scott Akerman, Scott Beattie, Scott Bruinooge, Scott Conroy, Scott " -"Gillespie, Scott Williams, Sean Anderson, Sean Johnson, Sean Lim, Sean " -"Wickett, Seb Schmoller, Sebastiaan Bekker, Sebastiaan ter Burg, Sebastian " -"Makowiecki, Sebastian Meyer, Sebastian Schweizer, Sebastian Sigloch, " -"Sebastien Huchet, Seokwon Yang, Sergey Chernyshev, Sergey Storchay, Sergio " -"Cardoso, Seth Drebitko, Seth Gover, Seth Lepore, Shannon Turner, Sharon " -"Clapp, Shauna Redmond, Shawn Gaston, Shawn Martin, Shay Knohl, Shelby " +"McCue, Richard <quote>TalkToMeGuy</quote> Olson, Richard Best, Richard " +"Blumberg, Richard Fannon, Richard Heying, Richard Karnesky, Richard Kelly, " +"Richard Littauer, Richard Sobey, Richard White, Richard Winchell, Rik " +"ToeWater, Rita Lewis, Rita Wood, Riyadh Al Balushi, Rob Balder, Rob Berkley, " +"Rob Bertholf, Rob Emanuele, Rob McAuliffe, Rob McKaughan, Rob Tillie, Rob " +"Utter, Rob Vincent, Robert Gaffney, Robert Jones, Robert Kelly, Robert " +"Lawlis, Robert McDonald, Robert Orzanna, Robert Paterson Hunter, Robert R. " +"Daniel Jr., Robert Ryan-Silva, Robert Thompson, Robert Wagoner, Roberto " +"Selvaggio, Robin DeRosa, Robin Rist Kildal, Rodrigo Castilhos, Roger Bacon, " +"Roger Saner, Roger So, Roger Solé, Roger Tregear, Roland Tanglao, Rolf and " +"Mari von Walthausen, Rolf Egstad, Rolf Schaller, Ron Zuijlen, Ronald " +"Bissell, Ronald van den Hoff, Ronda Snow, Rory Landon Aronson, Ross Findlay, " +"Ross Pruden, Ross Williams, Rowan Skewes, Roy Ivy III, Ruben Flores, Rupert " +"Hitzenberger, Rusi Popov, Russ Antonucci, Russ Spollin, Russell Brand, Rute " +"Correia, Ruth Ann Carpenter, Ruth White, Ryan Mentock, Ryan Merkley, Ryan " +"Price, Ryan Sasaki, Ryan Singer, Ryan Voisin, Ryan Weir, S Searle, Salem Bin " +"Kenaid, Salomon Riedo, Sam Hokin, Sam Twidale, Samantha Levin, Samantha-" +"Jayne Chapman, Samarth Agarwal, Sami Al-AbdRabbuh, Samuel A. Rebelsky, " +"Samuel Goëta, Samuel Hauser, Samuel Landete, Samuel Oliveira Cersosimo, " +"Samuel Tait, Sandra Fauconnier, Sandra Markus, Sandy Bjar, Sandy ONeil, Sang-" +"Phil Ju, Sanjay Basu, Santiago Garcia, Sara Armstrong, Sara Lucca, Sara " +"Rodriguez Marin, Sarah Brand, Sarah Cove, Sarah Curran, Sarah Gold, Sarah " +"McGovern, Sarah Smith, Sarinee Achavanuntakul, Sasha Moss, Sasha VanHoven, " +"Saul Gasca, Scott Abbott, Scott Akerman, Scott Beattie, Scott Bruinooge, " +"Scott Conroy, Scott Gillespie, Scott Williams, Sean Anderson, Sean Johnson, " +"Sean Lim, Sean Wickett, Seb Schmoller, Sebastiaan Bekker, Sebastiaan ter " +"Burg, Sebastian Makowiecki, Sebastian Meyer, Sebastian Schweizer, Sebastian " +"Sigloch, Sebastien Huchet, Seokwon Yang, Sergey Chernyshev, Sergey Storchay, " +"Sergio Cardoso, Seth Drebitko, Seth Gover, Seth Lepore, Shannon Turner, " +"Sharon Clapp, Shauna Redmond, Shawn Gaston, Shawn Martin, Shay Knohl, Shelby " "Hatfield, Sheldon (Vila) Widuch, Sheona Thomson, Si Jie, Sicco van Sas, " "Siena Oristaglio, Simon Glover, Simon John King, Simon Klose, Simon Law, " "Simon Linder, Simon Moffitt, Solomon Kahn, Solomon Simon, Soujanna Sarkar, " @@ -12863,7 +12948,7 @@ msgid "" "Stephen Rose, Stephen Suen, Stephen Walli, Stevan Matheson, Steve Battle, " "Steve Fisches, Steve Fitzhugh, Steve Guen-gerich, Steve Ingram, Steve Kroy, " "Steve Midgley, Steve Rhine, Steven Kasprzyk, Steven Knudsen, Steven Melvin, " -"Stig-Jørund B. Ö. Arnesen, Stuart Drewer, Stuart Maxwell, Stuart Reich, " +"Stig-Jørund B. Ö. Arnesen, Stuart Drewer, Stuart Maxwell, Stuart Reich, " "Subhendu Ghosh, Sujal Shah, Sune Bøegh, Susan Chun, Susan R Grossman, Suzie " "Wiley, Sven Fielitz, Swan/Starts, Sylvain Carle, Sylvain Chery, Sylvia " "Green, Sylvia van Bruggen, Szabolcs Berecz, T. L. Mason, Tanbir Baeg, Tanya " -- 2.47.2